subject:(Geometric Inspection)

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Virginia Tech

1. Chung, Kyung Ho. Application of Augmented Reality to Dimensional and Geometric Inspection.

Degree: PhD, Industrial and Systems Engineering, 2002, Virginia Tech

► Ensuring inspection performance is not a trivial design problem, because inspection is a complex and difficult task that tends to be error-prone, whether performed by… (more)

▼ Ensuring inspection performance is not a trivial design problem, because inspection is a complex and difficult task that tends to be error-prone, whether performed by human or by automated machines. Due to economical or technological reasons, human inspectors are responsible for inspection functions in many cases. Humans, however, are rarely perfect. A system of manual inspection was found to be approximately 80-90% effective, thus allowing non-confirming parts to be processed (Harris & Chaney, 1969; Drury, 1975). As the attributes of interest or the variety of products increases, the complexity of an inspection task increases. The inspection system becomes less effective because of the sensory and cognitive limitations of human inspectors. Any means that can support or aid the human inspectors is necessary to compensate for inspection difficulty. Augmented reality offers a new approach in designing an inspection system as a means to augment the cognitive capability of inspectors. To realize the potential benefits of AR, however the design of AR-aided inspection requires a through understanding of the inspection process as well as AR technology. The cognitive demands of inspection and the capabilities of AR to aid inspectors need to be evaluated to decide when and how to use AR for a dimensional inspection. The objectives of this study are to improve the performance of a dimensional inspection task by using AR and to develop guidelines in designing an AR-aided inspection system. The performance of four inspection methods (i.e., manual, 2D-aided, 3D-aided, and AR-aided inspections) was compared in terms of inspection time and measurement accuracy. The results suggest that AR might be an effective tool that reduces inspection time. However, the measuring accuracy was basically the same across all inspection methods. The questionnaire results showed that the AR and 3D-aided inspection conditions are preferred over the manual and 2D-aided inspection. Based on the results, four design guidelines were formed in using AR technology for a dimensional inspection. Advisors/Committee Members: Williges, Robert C. (committeechair), Shewchuk, John P. (committee member), Pesante-Santana, Jose A. (committee member), Kleiner, Brian M. (committee member), Hix, Deborah S. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Augmented Reality; Dimensional and Geometric Inspection; Variable Inspection

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APA (6^th Edition):

Chung, K. H. (2002). Application of Augmented Reality to Dimensional and Geometric Inspection. (Doctoral Dissertation). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26326

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Chung, Kyung Ho. “Application of Augmented Reality to Dimensional and Geometric Inspection.” 2002. Doctoral Dissertation, Virginia Tech. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26326.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Chung, Kyung Ho. “Application of Augmented Reality to Dimensional and Geometric Inspection.” 2002. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Chung KH. Application of Augmented Reality to Dimensional and Geometric Inspection. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 2002. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26326.

Council of Science Editors:

Chung KH. Application of Augmented Reality to Dimensional and Geometric Inspection. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 2002. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26326

Arizona State University

2. Mani, Neelakantan. Standardization of CMM Algorithms and Development of Inspection Maps for Geometric Tolerances.

Degree: MS, Mechanical Engineering, 2011, Arizona State University

URL: http://repository.asu.edu/items/8838

► The essence of this research is the reconciliation and standardization of feature fitting algorithms used in Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) software and the development of… (more)

▼ The essence of this research is the reconciliation and standardization of feature fitting algorithms used in Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) software and the development of Inspection Maps (i-Maps) for representing geometric tolerances in the inspection stage based on these standardized algorithms. The i-Map is a hypothetical point-space that represents the substitute feature evaluated for an actual part in the inspection stage. The first step in this research is to investigate the algorithms used for evaluating substitute features in current CMM software. For this, a survey of feature fitting algorithms available in the literature was performed and then a case study was done to reverse engineer the feature fitting algorithms used in commercial CMM software. The experiments proved that algorithms based on least squares technique are mostly used for GD&T; inspection and this wrong choice of fitting algorithm results in errors and deficiency in the inspection process. Based on the results, a standardization of fitting algorithms is proposed in light of the definition provided in the ASME Y14.5 standard and an interpretation of manual inspection practices. Standardized algorithms for evaluating substitute features from CMM data, consistent with the ASME Y14.5 standard and manual inspection practices for each tolerance type applicable to planar features are developed. Second, these standardized algorithms developed for substitute feature fitting are then used to develop i-Maps for size, orientation and flatness tolerances that apply to their respective feature types. Third, a methodology for Statistical Process Control (SPC) using the I-Maps is proposed by direct fitting of i-Maps into the parent T-Maps. Different methods of computing i-Maps, namely, finding mean, computing the convex hull and principal component analysis are explored. The control limits for the process are derived from inspection samples and a framework for statistical control of the process is developed. This also includes computation of basic SPC and process capability metrics.

Subjects/Keywords: Mechanical Engineering; CMM; Fitting Algorithms; Geometric Tolerances; Inspection Map; Metrology; Tolerance Map

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Mani, N. (2011). Standardization of CMM Algorithms and Development of Inspection Maps for Geometric Tolerances. (Masters Thesis). Arizona State University. Retrieved from http://repository.asu.edu/items/8838

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Mani, Neelakantan. “Standardization of CMM Algorithms and Development of Inspection Maps for Geometric Tolerances.” 2011. Masters Thesis, Arizona State University. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://repository.asu.edu/items/8838.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Mani, Neelakantan. “Standardization of CMM Algorithms and Development of Inspection Maps for Geometric Tolerances.” 2011. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Mani N. Standardization of CMM Algorithms and Development of Inspection Maps for Geometric Tolerances. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Arizona State University; 2011. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://repository.asu.edu/items/8838.

Council of Science Editors:

Mani N. Standardization of CMM Algorithms and Development of Inspection Maps for Geometric Tolerances. [Masters Thesis]. Arizona State University; 2011. Available from: http://repository.asu.edu/items/8838

Penn State University

3. Maruszewski, Rance Joel. COMPLEX COMPOSITE TURBO-MACHINERY COMPONENT FABRICATED BY RESIN TRANSFER MOLDING .

Degree: 2011, Penn State University

URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/11888

► This thesis is an overview of the resin transfer molding fabrication of a complex composite turbo-machinery component (blade). The motivation for this work was to… (more)

▼ This thesis is an overview of the resin transfer molding fabrication of a complex composite turbo-machinery component (blade). The motivation for this work was to provide an alternative cost saving technology for the manufacture of complex geometries. Legacy components were machined from metal blanks incurring high machining costs and long delivery times due to complex geometry, the degree of machining accuracy needed, and surface finish requirements of the part. A fabrication process technology was developed to produce an alternative low-cost high quality composite component with tailored properties. Beyond cost reduction, the main priorities of this process focused on quality and repeatability. Technology development took place in two phases: a prototype proving phase and a production phase. For the proving phase, a machined master blade was used to create a prototype urethane tooling mold. Hybrid fiber preforms were constructed from carbon and glass fabrics to fill the complex mold cavity. Preform layups were empirically generated and sewn together. Preforms were then loaded into the mold and the assembly was placed within a containment vessel. Vinyl ester resin was injected into the mold and allowed to cure. The mold was then disassembled and the blade extracted. The geometry of the as-fabricated prototype blade was inspected using a coordinate measuring machine. The prototype blade exhibited a geometric ‘inward bow’ distortion. Geometry data and lessons learned from the prototype phase influenced development of the production phase. On the foundation of a successful prototype part that proved development concepts, production tooling was designed and constructed from aluminum. A novel finite element geometry correction method was developed and demonstrated to correct for prototype blade distortion by modifying mold cavity geometry. These geometry corrections were implemented in the aluminum tooling. Also, small preforms were added, and other improvements made. A production blade was fabricated using the aluminum production tooling, inspected, and compared to the prototype and the design of record (DOR). The production tooling yielded an improved blade with corrected geometry, optimized fiber fill, and accurate repeatability. The overall manufacturing development was a success resulting in a robust low-cost resin transfer molding process for the repeatable production of high quality complex composite turbo-machinery components with sufficient geometric accuracy. Two main accomplishments are a fully developed production technology and a process engineering blueprint for developing complex composite resin transfer molding technologies. A third major achievement of this work was the successful application of the aforementioned finite element geometry correction method that accounted for material distortions to yield a part that met required tolerances. Included is a review of the resin transfer molding process covering studies on the effects of process variables, potential defects and countermeasures, modeling… Advisors/Committee Members: Dr Reginald Hamilton / Dr Kevin Koudela, Thesis Advisor/Co-Advisor, Kevin L Koudela, Thesis Advisor/Co-Advisor, Reginald Felix Hamilton, Thesis Advisor/Co-Advisor.

Subjects/Keywords: Cost Saving Manufacturing Technology; Metrology; Geometric Inspection; Geometry Correction by Finite Element Modeling FEM; Fiber Reinforced Polymer FRP; Resin Transfer Molding RTM; Composite Fabrication; Prototype; Production; Urethane Tooling; Aluminum Tooling; Woven Carbon Fabric; Vinyl Ester Resin

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Maruszewski, R. J. (2011). COMPLEX COMPOSITE TURBO-MACHINERY COMPONENT FABRICATED BY RESIN TRANSFER MOLDING . (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/11888

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Maruszewski, Rance Joel. “COMPLEX COMPOSITE TURBO-MACHINERY COMPONENT FABRICATED BY RESIN TRANSFER MOLDING .” 2011. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed March 05, 2021. https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/11888.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Maruszewski, Rance Joel. “COMPLEX COMPOSITE TURBO-MACHINERY COMPONENT FABRICATED BY RESIN TRANSFER MOLDING .” 2011. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Maruszewski RJ. COMPLEX COMPOSITE TURBO-MACHINERY COMPONENT FABRICATED BY RESIN TRANSFER MOLDING . [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2011. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/11888.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Maruszewski RJ. COMPLEX COMPOSITE TURBO-MACHINERY COMPONENT FABRICATED BY RESIN TRANSFER MOLDING . [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2011. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/11888

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro

4. VINICIUS DE CARVALHO LIMA. [en] GEOMETRIC MAGNETIC DISCRIMINATOR SENSOR FOR SMART PIGS.

Degree: 2005, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro

URL: http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=5859

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[pt] Este trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento de um sensor inovador combinando três técnicas de inspeção utilizadas nos Pigs Instrumentados Geométrico e Magnético, para a detecção… (more)

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[pt] Este trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento de um sensor inovador combinando três técnicas de inspeção utilizadas nos Pigs Instrumentados Geométrico e Magnético, para a detecção e caracterização de defeitos na geometria em tubulações de aço. O sensor GMD, Geométrico Magnético Discriminador, faz a leitura magnética do duto através da técnica de campo de fuga magnético, com a adição da leitura geométrica além da discriminação de defeitos internos de externos. A combinação dessas três tecnologias habilita a construção de uma ferramenta de inspeção de alta resolução compacta e capaz de identificar e quantificar, com apenas uma coroa de sensores, amassamentos, perdas de espessura e além da sua combinação. Este estudo se apresenta em um momento oportuno, já que a Integração de dados é o ponto fundamental da recente norma de gerenciamento de ricos em dutos, API 1160, na qual combinando os resultados das inspeções de geometria e corrosão, tem-se uma melhor avaliação de risco. Testes foram realizados utilizando um PIG Plano com corpos de prova contendo defeitos variados. Os resultados verificaram que o sensor GMD quantifica e discrimina amassamentos com perda de espessura. Aspectos técnicos do desenvolvimento como os detalhes construtivos do sensor, testes de avaliação a resultados de laboratório são apresentados.

[en] This thesis presents the development of an innovative sensor head for detection and characterization of geometric defects in steel pipes that combines three inspection techniques usually employed separately in Caliper and Magnetic Flux Leakage (MFL) PIGs. The novel Geometric Magnetic Discriminator (GMD) sensor performs high- resolution magnetic pipeline readings using MFL with the addition of internal pipe geometry evaluations and discrimination between internal and external defects. The combination of these technologies in a single sensor facilitates characterization of dents and corrosions, while at the same time optimizing the PIG set-up. According to the repair criteria in the standard API1160, combined defects such as a dent with metal loss, which in the past could only be detected through combined data of two different runs (MFL+ Caliper), must be repaired immediately. The GMD sensor was tested in a linear test rig, known as Flat Pig, and data were taken from different defect sets. Evaluation tests demonstrated that the GMD sensor sizes and discriminates a dent with metal loss. Technical aspects of the development, e.g.: the construction details of the sensor, evaluation tests and laboratory results are presented.

Advisors/Committee Members: ARTHUR MARTINS BARBOSA BRAGA, ARTHUR MARTINS BARBOSA BRAGA.

Subjects/Keywords: [pt] SENSORES GEOMETRICOS; [en] GEOMETRIC SENSORS; [pt] SENSORES MAGNETICOS; [en] MAGNETIC SENSORS; [pt] INSPECAO EM DUTOS; [en] PIPELINE INSPECTION; [pt] CAMPO DE FUGA MAGNETICO; [en] MAGNETIC FLUX LEAKAGE; [pt] PIGS INSTRUMENTADOS; [en] SMART PIGS

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

LIMA, V. D. C. (2005). [en] GEOMETRIC MAGNETIC DISCRIMINATOR SENSOR FOR SMART PIGS. (Thesis). Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro. Retrieved from http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=5859

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

LIMA, VINICIUS DE CARVALHO. “[en] GEOMETRIC MAGNETIC DISCRIMINATOR SENSOR FOR SMART PIGS.” 2005. Thesis, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=5859.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

LIMA, VINICIUS DE CARVALHO. “[en] GEOMETRIC MAGNETIC DISCRIMINATOR SENSOR FOR SMART PIGS.” 2005. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

LIMA VDC. [en] GEOMETRIC MAGNETIC DISCRIMINATOR SENSOR FOR SMART PIGS. [Internet] [Thesis]. Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro; 2005. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=5859.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

LIMA VDC. [en] GEOMETRIC MAGNETIC DISCRIMINATOR SENSOR FOR SMART PIGS. [Thesis]. Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro; 2005. Available from: http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=5859

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

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