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Florida State University
1.
Tibbetts, Nicole Jessica.
The Mantle Xenolith Perspective on Trace Element Partitioning, Oxygen Fugacity and Isotope Systematics of Subducted Oceanic Lithosphere.
Degree: PhD, Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, 2010, Florida State University
URL: http://purl.flvc.org/fsu/fd/FSU_migr_etd-4632 
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► Mineral-mineral partition coefficients (D) measured on mantle peridotites by ICP-MS can compliment what is known from experimental studies and put additional constraints on the temperature,…
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▼ Mineral-mineral partition coefficients (D) measured on mantle peridotites by ICP-MS can compliment what is known from experimental studies and put additional constraints on the temperature, pressure and compositional dependence of trace element partitioning in the mantle. Analyses of the data collected here shows that temperature and Na content of the clinopyroxene have the largest effect on trace element partitioning between ortho-and clinopyroxene in spinel peridotites. The Ca-Tschermak molecule in clinopyroxene, in turn, has a lesser control on partitioning in the natural sample than observed experimentally. Importantly chemical disequilibrium or transient metasomatic effects appear to control the orthopyroxene/clinopyroxene partitioning for the most incompatible elements, and that partitioning is a function of orthopyroxene concentration. The first 57Mössbauer determinations of Fe3+/ΣFe ratios in lherzolitic spinels and pyroxenitic garnet-clinopyroxene pairs from xenoliths of the sub-oceanic mantle beneath Hawai'i give a range in calculated oxygen fugacity (fO2) of 4 log units (-3 to +1 ΔlogfO2 (FMQ)). The Hawaiian peridotites are more oxidized than the oceanic upper mantle as recorded in MORB and abyssal peridotites, but less oxidized than arc peridotites. There are no correlations between fO2 and temperature or major element compositions. Instead, correlations between light REE DOpx/Cpx and fO2 in the peridotites suggests that metasomatism affects oxygen fugacity decoupled from the degree of melt depletion. The garnet pyroxenites are more reduced than the peridotites and estimates of the oceanic upper mantle. The fO2 of Hawaiian pyroxenites is the product of complex interaction between melts buffered with changing volatile species from predominantly H2O at reducing conditions to CO2-rich at the pressure, temperature and fO2 of the peridotites. A relationship between Mg# and Fe3+/ΣFe ratios in both clinopyroxene and garnet that is not evident in garnet peridotites points to evolution of the parent melt as controlling the bulk Fe2O3 of the pyroxenite cumulates. Koidu eclogites, with Nb/Ta ratios varying from sub- to superchondritic, have Nd and Hf isotopic compositions that are decoupled. The Nd-Hf isotopic compositions indicate an origin other than subducted oceanic crust. Unradiogenic Pb-isotope ratios indicate these eclogites have an ancient component (>2 Ga). Coincidental high Nb/Ta ratios, unradiogenic Sr and Pb isotopes require the involvement of a fluid to fractionate Rb/Sr, U/Pb and Nb/Ta. This process is consistent with dehydration during Archean subduction, however, Nd and Hf isotopic compositions are complicated by multiple fractionation events and open system behaviour that does not identify a common precursor. If the high Nb/Ta reservoir is composed of Koidu type eclogite, the extreme isotopic compositions measured here preclude them from participating in any meaningful way to present day basaltic volcanism (MORB-OIB array).
A Dissertation submitted to the Department of Earth, Ocean and…
Advisors/Committee Members: Vincent J. M. Salters (professor directing dissertation), Michael Bizimis (professor co-directing dissertation), Albert E. Stiegman (university representative), Munir Humayun (committee member), Leroy A. Odom (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Earth
sciences; Earth
sciences; Geology
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APA (6th Edition):
Tibbetts, N. J. (2010). The Mantle Xenolith Perspective on Trace Element Partitioning, Oxygen Fugacity and Isotope Systematics of Subducted Oceanic Lithosphere. (Doctoral Dissertation). Florida State University. Retrieved from http://purl.flvc.org/fsu/fd/FSU_migr_etd-4632 ;
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Tibbetts, Nicole Jessica. “The Mantle Xenolith Perspective on Trace Element Partitioning, Oxygen Fugacity and Isotope Systematics of Subducted Oceanic Lithosphere.” 2010. Doctoral Dissertation, Florida State University. Accessed January 23, 2021.
http://purl.flvc.org/fsu/fd/FSU_migr_etd-4632 ;.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Tibbetts, Nicole Jessica. “The Mantle Xenolith Perspective on Trace Element Partitioning, Oxygen Fugacity and Isotope Systematics of Subducted Oceanic Lithosphere.” 2010. Web. 23 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Tibbetts NJ. The Mantle Xenolith Perspective on Trace Element Partitioning, Oxygen Fugacity and Isotope Systematics of Subducted Oceanic Lithosphere. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Florida State University; 2010. [cited 2021 Jan 23].
Available from: http://purl.flvc.org/fsu/fd/FSU_migr_etd-4632 ;.
Council of Science Editors:
Tibbetts NJ. The Mantle Xenolith Perspective on Trace Element Partitioning, Oxygen Fugacity and Isotope Systematics of Subducted Oceanic Lithosphere. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Florida State University; 2010. Available from: http://purl.flvc.org/fsu/fd/FSU_migr_etd-4632 ;
University of Colorado
2.
Hewlett, Alicia Christine.
Fluvial Architecture and Static Connectivity of the Williams Fork Formation, Central Mamm Creek Field, Piceance Basin, Colorado.
Degree: MS, Geological Sciences, 2010, University of Colorado
URL: https://scholar.colorado.edu/geol_gradetds/11
► The reservoir architecture, reservoir quality, and associated sandstone-body connectivity of the Williams Fork Formation at Mamm Creek Field vary stratigraphically and with depositional setting.…
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▼ The reservoir architecture, reservoir quality, and associated sandstone-body connectivity of the Williams Fork Formation at Mamm Creek Field vary stratigraphically and with depositional setting. The fluvial and shallow-marine sandstones were deposited within alluvial-plain, coastal-plain, and shallow-marine settings. The stratigraphic interval consists of porous but low permeability (tight-gas) sandstones that form the main gas-producing reservoirs in the Piceance Basin.
Fluvial sandstones that are observed and interpreted in the Williams Fork Formation at Mamm Creek Field primarily include single-story channel bodies (e.g., channel bars; point bars) and crevasse splays. These deposits can be isolated bodies but also form amalgamated multistory channel bodies and channel complexes.
Stratigraphic analysis of the fluvial deposits shows a relatively low, but variable, net-to gross ratio (30-76%) for the lower Williams Fork Formation with numerous laterally continuous coal beds. The middle Williams Fork Formation exhibits a relatively higher net-to-gross ratio (50-80%), and the net-to-gross ratio of the upper Williams Fork Formation ranges from 15 to 60%. Horizontal variogram correlation lengths of the sandstones are relatively short (<800 ft; 244 m) with respect to the distances between wells (330 ft [100 m] in north-south direction, and 1,320 ft [402 m] in east-west direction) and do not vary significantly stratigraphically. Variogram polar plots of the sandstones and effective porosity values indicate preferential trends of continuity in the north northeast to south-southwest direction.
Three-dimensional reservoir models are used to explore how the fluvial sandstone bodies, effective porosity, and pay are distributed and interconnected. Static sandstone-body connectivity is greater than 52% for irregular 10-ac [660 ft; 201 m] well densities and decreases by as much as 25% with lower well densities (i.e., 40- and 160- ac). The middle Williams Fork Formation exhibits static connectivity values that are as much as 15% higher as compared to the lower Williams Fork Formation. Considering only reservoir-quality sandstones and calculated pay, results illustrate a decrease in static connectivity by as much as 57 to 74%, respectively, as compared to scenarios that include all sandstones. The static sandstone-body connectivity results provide a high estimate of connectivity, whereas the pay-based results provide a “base-case” or lower estimate of connectivity.
Advisors/Committee Members: Matthew J. Pranter, Rex D. Cole, Edmund R. Gustason.
Subjects/Keywords: Earth Sciences; Geology
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APA (6th Edition):
Hewlett, A. C. (2010). Fluvial Architecture and Static Connectivity of the Williams Fork Formation, Central Mamm Creek Field, Piceance Basin, Colorado. (Masters Thesis). University of Colorado. Retrieved from https://scholar.colorado.edu/geol_gradetds/11
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Hewlett, Alicia Christine. “Fluvial Architecture and Static Connectivity of the Williams Fork Formation, Central Mamm Creek Field, Piceance Basin, Colorado.” 2010. Masters Thesis, University of Colorado. Accessed January 23, 2021.
https://scholar.colorado.edu/geol_gradetds/11.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Hewlett, Alicia Christine. “Fluvial Architecture and Static Connectivity of the Williams Fork Formation, Central Mamm Creek Field, Piceance Basin, Colorado.” 2010. Web. 23 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Hewlett AC. Fluvial Architecture and Static Connectivity of the Williams Fork Formation, Central Mamm Creek Field, Piceance Basin, Colorado. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Colorado; 2010. [cited 2021 Jan 23].
Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/geol_gradetds/11.
Council of Science Editors:
Hewlett AC. Fluvial Architecture and Static Connectivity of the Williams Fork Formation, Central Mamm Creek Field, Piceance Basin, Colorado. [Masters Thesis]. University of Colorado; 2010. Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/geol_gradetds/11
McGill University
3.
Patterson, Michael.
The composition of kimberlite magma with implications for the Earth's environment.
Degree: PhD, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 2015, McGill University
URL: https://escholarship.mcgill.ca/downloads/c821gn97q.pdf
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https://escholarship.mcgill.ca/concern/theses/bc386n552
► Malgré un accord général parmi les chercheurs de kimberlite sur la plupart des caractéristiques de base de kimberlite, l'Union internationale des sciences géologiques (UISG) considère…
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▼ Malgré un accord général parmi les chercheurs de kimberlite sur la plupart des caractéristiques de base de kimberlite, l'Union internationale des sciences géologiques (UISG) considère encore kimberlite indéfini. De plus, une caractéristique fondamentale et d'une importance cruciale de kimberlite est encore âprement débattue: la composition de son magma primaire. Deux écoles de pensée distinctes ont émergé pour expliquer la composition du magma kimberlitic: La première favorise un silicate ultramafique riche en volatil, tandis que l'autre suggère un liquide parental de caractére silico-carbonatitic. Il est incontestable que la kimberlite peut être décrit par deux composantes principales: le carbonate et l'olivine. Malgré la prevalence de carbonate et une absence quasi-complète d`olivine magmatique, la magma parental is souvent supposé d`être d`un caractére silicate ultramafique rich en volatil. L`énorme volume de magmatisme silicate contribue certainement à un préjugé contre l'existence de processus magmatique qui est distinct de la tectonique des plaques, et donc contre l`existence de magma d`une caractère chimique différente. Cette thèse étudie la composition du magma parental de kimberlite, contraignant la composition du magma de kimberlite en utilisant la composition de surcroissances d'olivine magmatiques et la composition de lapilli pelletal de kimberlite. Ensuite, cette thèse illustre les conséquences des éruptions de kimberlite de cette composition sur le climat de la Terre.
Despite general agreement amongst kimberlite researchers on many of the basic characteristics of kimberlite, the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS) still considers kimberlite undefined. Furthermore, a fundamental and crucially important characteristic of kimberlite is still fiercely debated: the composition of its primary magma. Two distinct schools of thought have emerged to explain the composition of kimberlite magma. The first favors a volatile-rich ultramafic silicate melt while the other suggests a silico-carbonatite parental melt. Kimberlite can be described by two principle components: mantle-derived carbonate and xenocrystic olivine. Despite this prevalence of carbonate and the near-absence of magmatic olivine, the parental magma is often assumed to be a volatile-rich ultramafic silicate melt. The overwhelming volume of silicate magmatism, operating within the framework of plate tectonics, has led to a bias against the existence of any magmatic process that is divorced from plate tectonics and would thus result in a magma composition that is different in chemical character. This thesis investigates the nature of the composition of kimberlite magma, constraining the composition of kimberlite magma by using the composition of magmatic olivine overgrowths and the composition of kimberlite pelletal lapilli. This thesis then illustrates the implications of kimberlite eruptions of that composition on Earth’s climate.
Advisors/Committee Members: Donald M Francis (Supervisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Earth Sciences - Geology
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APA (6th Edition):
Patterson, M. (2015). The composition of kimberlite magma with implications for the Earth's environment. (Doctoral Dissertation). McGill University. Retrieved from https://escholarship.mcgill.ca/downloads/c821gn97q.pdf ; https://escholarship.mcgill.ca/concern/theses/bc386n552
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Patterson, Michael. “The composition of kimberlite magma with implications for the Earth's environment.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, McGill University. Accessed January 23, 2021.
https://escholarship.mcgill.ca/downloads/c821gn97q.pdf ; https://escholarship.mcgill.ca/concern/theses/bc386n552.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Patterson, Michael. “The composition of kimberlite magma with implications for the Earth's environment.” 2015. Web. 23 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Patterson M. The composition of kimberlite magma with implications for the Earth's environment. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. McGill University; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 23].
Available from: https://escholarship.mcgill.ca/downloads/c821gn97q.pdf ; https://escholarship.mcgill.ca/concern/theses/bc386n552.
Council of Science Editors:
Patterson M. The composition of kimberlite magma with implications for the Earth's environment. [Doctoral Dissertation]. McGill University; 2015. Available from: https://escholarship.mcgill.ca/downloads/c821gn97q.pdf ; https://escholarship.mcgill.ca/concern/theses/bc386n552
McGill University
4.
Trofanenko, Joel.
The nature and origin of the REE mineralization in the Wicheeda carbonatite, British Columbia, Canada.
Degree: MS, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 2015, McGill University
URL: https://escholarship.mcgill.ca/downloads/5x21tj412.pdf
;
https://escholarship.mcgill.ca/concern/theses/08612r61x
► En réponse à la demande industrielle croissante pour les éléments du groupe des terres rares (ETR), l'exploration de la province alcaline de Colombie Britannique a…
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▼ En réponse à la demande industrielle croissante pour les éléments du groupe des terres rares (ETR), l'exploration de la province alcaline de Colombie Britannique a récemment permis d'identifier la carbonatite de Wicheeda (11.3 millions de tonnes de minerai enrichi en terres rares légères, affichant une teneur de 1.95 % TREO (l'oxide des terres rares total) comme l'un des prospects de terres rares les plus prometteurs. Les précédentes investigations menées sur ce gisement se limitent aux rapports des compagnies ayant exploré la zone pour ses ressources potentielles en terres rares. La présente étude décrit la minéralisation en éléments des terres rares de la carbonatite de Wicheeda, et combine l'étude de données pétrographiques et géochimiques dans le but de développer un modèle génétique pour ce gisement.La carbonatite de Wicheeda s'est mise en place dans les formations de calcaires métasédimentaires et calcaires argileux du Groupe de Kechika, qui ont été altérées en fénite potassique au contact de la carbonatite et en fénite sodique de manière plus distale. La composition de la carbonatite montre une évolution graduelle depuis son cœur (dolomite ferrifère) vers sa périphérie (carbonatite calcitique). Trois variétés de dolomites ont été distinguées sur la base d'évidences texturales. La dolomite 1 est le composant principal de la carbonatite, la dolomite 2 remplace la dolomite 1 à proximité des veines et des pores. La dolomite 3 se met en place en fracture et en remplissage de la porosité, et accompagne la minéralisation en terres rares. Les ratios des isotopes stables du carbone et de l'oxygène indiquent que la carbonatite calcitique est d'origine mantellique et la dolomite 1 d'origine ignée. La dolomite 2 montre une signature ignée faiblement modifiée par l'altération hydrothermale subséquente et la dolomite 3 est d'origine hydrothermale.Un modèle est proposé dans lequel la carbonatite calcitique est la phase magmatique la plus précoce. Cette phase a atteint la saturation en niobium très tôt, entrainant la précipitation du pyrochlore. Le magma a évolué plus tardivement vers une composition de carbonatite dolomitique qui, lors de son refroidissement, a exsolvé un fluide aquo-carbonique altérant les métasédiments de Kechika en fénite potassique et se mélangeant avec les eaux formationelles, plus distales, pour produire les fénites sodiques. Le fluide aquo-carbonique a mobilisé et transporté les ETR sous la forme de complexes chlorurés, au sein de la porosité et des fractures de la carbonatite dolomitique. A la suite des interactions fluide-roche prolongées, les ETR ont précipité du fait du refroidissement et de l'augmentation du pH ; la présence d'apatite a entrainé la formation de monazite-(Ce). La concentration hydrothermale a permis une répartition homogène des teneurs, avec la carbonatite dolomitique contenant dans son ensemble plus de 1 % TREO, faisant de Wicheeda un gisement très attrayant.
In response to rising demand of the rare earth elements (REE), recent exploration of the British Columbia alkaline…
Advisors/Committee Members: Anthony E Williams-Jones (Internal/Supervisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Earth Sciences - Geology
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APA (6th Edition):
Trofanenko, J. (2015). The nature and origin of the REE mineralization in the Wicheeda carbonatite, British Columbia, Canada. (Masters Thesis). McGill University. Retrieved from https://escholarship.mcgill.ca/downloads/5x21tj412.pdf ; https://escholarship.mcgill.ca/concern/theses/08612r61x
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Trofanenko, Joel. “The nature and origin of the REE mineralization in the Wicheeda carbonatite, British Columbia, Canada.” 2015. Masters Thesis, McGill University. Accessed January 23, 2021.
https://escholarship.mcgill.ca/downloads/5x21tj412.pdf ; https://escholarship.mcgill.ca/concern/theses/08612r61x.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Trofanenko, Joel. “The nature and origin of the REE mineralization in the Wicheeda carbonatite, British Columbia, Canada.” 2015. Web. 23 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Trofanenko J. The nature and origin of the REE mineralization in the Wicheeda carbonatite, British Columbia, Canada. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. McGill University; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 23].
Available from: https://escholarship.mcgill.ca/downloads/5x21tj412.pdf ; https://escholarship.mcgill.ca/concern/theses/08612r61x.
Council of Science Editors:
Trofanenko J. The nature and origin of the REE mineralization in the Wicheeda carbonatite, British Columbia, Canada. [Masters Thesis]. McGill University; 2015. Available from: https://escholarship.mcgill.ca/downloads/5x21tj412.pdf ; https://escholarship.mcgill.ca/concern/theses/08612r61x
University of Washington
5.
Hillebrand, Trevor Ray.
Quaternary grounding-line fluctuations in Antarctica.
Degree: PhD, 2019, University of Washington
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1773/43830
► The West Antarctic Ice Sheet may be prone to rapid collapse under climates warmer than today due to a dynamic instability at the grounding line,…
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▼ The West Antarctic Ice Sheet may be prone to rapid collapse under climates warmer than today due to a dynamic instability at the grounding line, where the ice sheet goes afloat over seawater. However, there is to-date no conclusive evidence that the ice sheet has gone away in last few million years. Thus, characterizing and understanding the transitions between the glacial and interglacial states of the ice sheet is a fundamental step towards predicting its response to future warming. Here, I investigate the history of ice sheet fluctuations in the Ross and Weddell Sea sectors of Antarctica over thousand- to million-year timescales, using cosmogenic nuclide analysis of glacial deposits and glaciated bedrock surfaces, ice-penetrating radar surveys, and numerical modeling of radar waveforms and ice flow. I have mapped and dated glacial deposits from Darwin and Hatherton glaciers, which have been used to constrain the last deglaciation in the Ross Embayment. I find that these glaciers thinned slowly and steadily through the Holocene, thousands of years later than other glaciers in the region. I use ice flow models to show (1) that their thickness changes require changing catchment boundaries upstream, and (2) that ice thickness changes at the glacier mouth are not a simple proxy for grounding line position. Next, I present new ice-penetrating radar surveys from Crary Ice Rise, a promontory in the Ross Ice Shelf that provides stability to portions of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet. I find that the ice rise contains large amounts of marine ice that accreted in basal crevasses and rifts before or during ice rise formation. Marine ice could have strengthened the damaged ice shelf, facilitating ice rise formation. Finally, I use cosmogenic nuclide concentrations in a subglacial bedrock core and a large ensemble of ice sheet model simulations to investigate the long-term stability of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet. The concentrations in the core preclude 150 m of ice sheet thinning at the Pirrit Hills since at least 2 Ma. The ice sheet model results show that continuous burial of the bedrock core requires a stable Filchner-Ronne ice shelf.
Advisors/Committee Members: Stone, John O.H. (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords:
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APA (6th Edition):
Hillebrand, T. R. (2019). Quaternary grounding-line fluctuations in Antarctica. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Washington. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1773/43830
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Hillebrand, Trevor Ray. “Quaternary grounding-line fluctuations in Antarctica.” 2019. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Washington. Accessed January 23, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1773/43830.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Hillebrand, Trevor Ray. “Quaternary grounding-line fluctuations in Antarctica.” 2019. Web. 23 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Hillebrand TR. Quaternary grounding-line fluctuations in Antarctica. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Washington; 2019. [cited 2021 Jan 23].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1773/43830.
Council of Science Editors:
Hillebrand TR. Quaternary grounding-line fluctuations in Antarctica. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Washington; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1773/43830
University of Arkansas
6.
O'Keefe, Caroline Vance.
Data Integration and Reservoir Characterization of the Pennsylvanian Bartlesville Sandstone.
Degree: MS, 2012, University of Arkansas
URL: https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/270
► The Glenn Pool Oil Field of Northeastern Oklahoma was established as the first major oil discovery of the fledgling state of Oklahoma. Fully developed…
(more)
▼ The Glenn Pool Oil Field of Northeastern Oklahoma was established as the first major oil discovery of the fledgling state of Oklahoma. Fully developed by 1912, the field is now nearing depletion even under secondary and tertiary recovery efforts after production for approximately 100 years. Large amounts of residual oil estimated to still be in place have motivated exploration into other recovery methods, including polymer flooding and horizontal drilling. Success of these programs is dependent upon accurate characterization of the reservoir. Because most of the drilling occurred many decades ago, much of the data associated with this field predates electric well logging and has not been integrated with contemporary databases.
To establish a more accurate characterization of the reservoir, these data have been digitized and integrated with current data available to further delineate the Glenn Pool Reservoir. Using information from original drilling records, surveyed well locations, water flood studies, and historical maps, a more sharply defined characterization has been generated for the productive Bartlesville, or Glenn Pool, Sandstone.
Advisors/Committee Members: Doy L. Zachry, Xiangyang Xie, Jackson Cothren.
Subjects/Keywords: Earth sciences; Geology; Stratigraphy
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APA (6th Edition):
O'Keefe, C. V. (2012). Data Integration and Reservoir Characterization of the Pennsylvanian Bartlesville Sandstone. (Masters Thesis). University of Arkansas. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/270
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
O'Keefe, Caroline Vance. “Data Integration and Reservoir Characterization of the Pennsylvanian Bartlesville Sandstone.” 2012. Masters Thesis, University of Arkansas. Accessed January 23, 2021.
https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/270.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
O'Keefe, Caroline Vance. “Data Integration and Reservoir Characterization of the Pennsylvanian Bartlesville Sandstone.” 2012. Web. 23 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
O'Keefe CV. Data Integration and Reservoir Characterization of the Pennsylvanian Bartlesville Sandstone. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Arkansas; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 23].
Available from: https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/270.
Council of Science Editors:
O'Keefe CV. Data Integration and Reservoir Characterization of the Pennsylvanian Bartlesville Sandstone. [Masters Thesis]. University of Arkansas; 2012. Available from: https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/270
University of Arkansas
7.
Knight, Lacie.
Stratigraphy and Provenance of Shallow Sandstones Endountered in Wells in Townships 9 and 10 North, Ranges 6 and 7 West, White County, Arkansas.
Degree: MS, 2012, University of Arkansas
URL: https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/386
► Paleozoic formations in western Arkansas have been well-studied; however, they are not well-understood in the eastern part of the state. The study area encompasses…
(more)
▼ Paleozoic formations in western Arkansas have been well-studied; however, they are not well-understood in the eastern part of the state. The study area encompasses Townships 9. N. and 10. N., Ranges 6. W. and 7. W. in north-central White County, Arkansas. This area is at the intersection of four physiographic provinces as defined by the Arkansas Geologic Survey- the Ozark Plateaus, the Arkansas River Valley, the Ouachita Mountains, and the Mississippi Alluvial Plain. Interpretations of the surface unit in the area disagree. The Arkansas Geologic Map shows that the Morrowan Hale Formation crops out in the area; however, various petroleum geologists suggest that the surface unit in the area is of the Atoka Formation. Several wells in the area have produced natural gas from the sandstones in question, meriting further investigation of the units' potential source.
Petrographic analysis of 17 thin sections prepared from sidewall cores taken from three wells in the study area, correlation of 141 wireline logs, and construction of cross sections, gross sand isopachs, and structure maps were used to develop a stratigraphic framework of the area. These analyses imply that the
subject units are likely of the Hale Formation and have multiple sources including the Ouachita Mountains, the Appalachian Mountains, the Ozark Dome, and the North American cratonic interior. Additionally, the sandstones were likely deposited in a transitional near-shore marine environment with a fluvial-deltaic influence.
Advisors/Committee Members: Doy L. Zachry, Douglas C. Melton, Jr., Walter L. Manger.
Subjects/Keywords: Earth sciences; Stratigraphy; Geology; Stratigraphy
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APA (6th Edition):
Knight, L. (2012). Stratigraphy and Provenance of Shallow Sandstones Endountered in Wells in Townships 9 and 10 North, Ranges 6 and 7 West, White County, Arkansas. (Masters Thesis). University of Arkansas. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/386
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Knight, Lacie. “Stratigraphy and Provenance of Shallow Sandstones Endountered in Wells in Townships 9 and 10 North, Ranges 6 and 7 West, White County, Arkansas.” 2012. Masters Thesis, University of Arkansas. Accessed January 23, 2021.
https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/386.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Knight, Lacie. “Stratigraphy and Provenance of Shallow Sandstones Endountered in Wells in Townships 9 and 10 North, Ranges 6 and 7 West, White County, Arkansas.” 2012. Web. 23 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Knight L. Stratigraphy and Provenance of Shallow Sandstones Endountered in Wells in Townships 9 and 10 North, Ranges 6 and 7 West, White County, Arkansas. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Arkansas; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 23].
Available from: https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/386.
Council of Science Editors:
Knight L. Stratigraphy and Provenance of Shallow Sandstones Endountered in Wells in Townships 9 and 10 North, Ranges 6 and 7 West, White County, Arkansas. [Masters Thesis]. University of Arkansas; 2012. Available from: https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/386
Michigan Technological University
8.
Manzoni, Patrick.
Slope stability analysis of the Pacaya Volcano, Guatemala, using limit equilibrium and finite element method.
Degree: MS, Department of Geological and Mining Engineering and Sciences, 2012, Michigan Technological University
URL: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds/332
► The Pacaya volcanic complex is part of the Central American volcanic arc, which is associated with the subduction of the Cocos tectonic plate under…
(more)
▼ The Pacaya volcanic complex is part of the Central American volcanic arc, which is associated with the subduction of the Cocos tectonic plate under the Caribbean plate. Located 30 km south of Guatemala City, Pacaya is situated on the southern rim of the Amatitlan Caldera. It is the largest post-caldera volcano, and has been one of Central America’s most active volcanoes over the last 500 years. Between 400 and 2000 years B.P, the Pacaya volcano had experienced a huge collapse, which resulted in the formation of horseshoe-shaped scarp that is still visible. In the recent years, several smaller collapses have been associated with the activity of the volcano (in 1961 and 2010) affecting its northwestern flanks, which are likely to be induced by the local and regional stress changes. The similar orientation of dry and volcanic fissures and the distribution of new vents would likely explain the reactivation of the pre-existing stress configuration responsible for the old-collapse.
This paper presents the first stability analysis of the Pacaya volcanic flank. The inputs for the geological and geotechnical models were defined based on the stratigraphical, lithological, structural data, and material properties obtained from field survey and lab tests. According to the mechanical characteristics, three lithotechnical units were defined: Lava, Lava-Breccia and Breccia-Lava. The Hoek and Brown’s failure criterion was applied for each lithotechnical unit and the rock mass friction angle, apparent cohesion, and strength and deformation characteristics were computed in a specified stress range. Further, the stability of the volcano was evaluated by two-dimensional analysis performed by Limit Equilibrium (LEM, ROCSCIENCE) and Finite Element Method (FEM, PHASE 2 7.0). The stability analysis mainly focused on the modern Pacaya volcano built inside the collapse amphitheatre of “Old Pacaya”.
The volcanic instability was assessed based on the variability of safety factor using deterministic, sensitivity, and probabilistic analysis considering the gravitational instability and the effects of external forces such as magma pressure and seismicity as potential triggering mechanisms of lateral collapse. The preliminary results from the analysis provide two insights: first, the least stable sector is on the south-western flank of the volcano; second, the lowest safety factor value suggests that the edifice is stable under gravity alone, and the external triggering mechanism can represent a likely destabilizing factor.
Advisors/Committee Members: Thomas Oommen, Alessandro Tibaldi.
Subjects/Keywords: Earth Sciences; Geology; Physical Sciences and Mathematics
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APA (6th Edition):
Manzoni, P. (2012). Slope stability analysis of the Pacaya Volcano, Guatemala, using limit equilibrium and finite element method. (Masters Thesis). Michigan Technological University. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds/332
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Manzoni, Patrick. “Slope stability analysis of the Pacaya Volcano, Guatemala, using limit equilibrium and finite element method.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Michigan Technological University. Accessed January 23, 2021.
https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds/332.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Manzoni, Patrick. “Slope stability analysis of the Pacaya Volcano, Guatemala, using limit equilibrium and finite element method.” 2012. Web. 23 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Manzoni P. Slope stability analysis of the Pacaya Volcano, Guatemala, using limit equilibrium and finite element method. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Michigan Technological University; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 23].
Available from: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds/332.
Council of Science Editors:
Manzoni P. Slope stability analysis of the Pacaya Volcano, Guatemala, using limit equilibrium and finite element method. [Masters Thesis]. Michigan Technological University; 2012. Available from: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds/332
Michigan Technological University
9.
Hegemann, Robert F.
Investigation of surface water/groundwater relationships in a rural watershed in Southern Honduras.
Degree: MS, Department of Geological and Mining Engineering and Sciences, 2011, Michigan Technological University
URL: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etd-restricted/117
► Despite failed attempts at obtaining a potable water system, the village of El Caracol in Southern Honduras remains committed to improving access to water…
(more)
▼ Despite failed attempts at obtaining a potable water system, the village of El Caracol in Southern Honduras remains committed to improving access to water resources. To assist in this endeavor, an investigation of the hydrogeological characteristics of the local watershed was conducted. Daily precipitation was recorded to examine the relationship between precipitation and approximated river and spring discharges. A Thornthwaite Mather Water Balance Model was used to predict monthly discharges for comparison with observed values, and to infer the percentage of topographic watersheds contributing to the respective discharges. As aquifer porosity in this region is thought to be primarily secondary (i.e., fractures), field observed lineaments were compared with those interpreted from remote sensing imagery in an attempt to determine the usefulness of these interpretations in locating potential water sources for a future project.
Advisors/Committee Members: John S. Gierke.
Subjects/Keywords: Earth Sciences; Geology; Physical Sciences and Mathematics
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APA (6th Edition):
Hegemann, R. F. (2011). Investigation of surface water/groundwater relationships in a rural watershed in Southern Honduras. (Masters Thesis). Michigan Technological University. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etd-restricted/117
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Hegemann, Robert F. “Investigation of surface water/groundwater relationships in a rural watershed in Southern Honduras.” 2011. Masters Thesis, Michigan Technological University. Accessed January 23, 2021.
https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etd-restricted/117.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Hegemann, Robert F. “Investigation of surface water/groundwater relationships in a rural watershed in Southern Honduras.” 2011. Web. 23 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Hegemann RF. Investigation of surface water/groundwater relationships in a rural watershed in Southern Honduras. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Michigan Technological University; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 23].
Available from: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etd-restricted/117.
Council of Science Editors:
Hegemann RF. Investigation of surface water/groundwater relationships in a rural watershed in Southern Honduras. [Masters Thesis]. Michigan Technological University; 2011. Available from: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etd-restricted/117
Michigan Technological University
10.
Kapelanczyk, Lara N.
Eruptive history of Maderas volcano using new 40Ar/39Ar ages and geochemical analyses.
Degree: MS, Department of Geological and Mining Engineering and Sciences, 2011, Michigan Technological University
URL: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etd-restricted/33
► Maderas volcano is a small, andesitic stratovolcano located on the island of Ometepe, in Lake Nicaragua, Nicaragua with no record of historic activity. Twenty-one…
(more)
▼ Maderas volcano is a small, andesitic stratovolcano located on the island of Ometepe, in Lake Nicaragua, Nicaragua with no record of historic activity. Twenty-one samples were collected from lava flows from Maderas in 2010. Selected samples were analyzed for whole-rock geochemical data using ICP-AES and/or were dated using the
40Ar/
39Ar method. The results of these analyses were combined with previously collected data from Maderas as well as field observations to determine the eruptive history of the volcano and create a geologic map. The results of the geochemical analyses indicate that Maderas is a typical Central American andesitic volcano similar to other volcanoes in Nicaragua and Costa Rica and to its nearest neighbor, Concepción volcano. It is different from Concepción in one important way – higher incompatible elements. Determined age dates range from 176.8 ± 6.1 ka to 70.5 ± 6.1 ka. Based on these ages and the geomorphology of the volcano which is characterized by a bisecting graben, it is proposed that Maderas experienced two clear generations of development with three separate phases of volcanism: initial build-up of the older cone, pre-graben lava flows, and post-graben lava flows. The ages also indicate that Maderas is markedly older than Concepción which is historically active. Results were also analyzed regarding geologic hazards. The
40Ar/
39Ar ages indicate that Maderas has likely been inactive for tens of thousands of years and the risk of future volcanic eruptions is low. However, earthquake, lahar and landslide hazards exist for the communities around the volcano. The steep slopes of the eroded older cone are the most likely source of landslide and lahar hazards.
Advisors/Committee Members: William I Rose.
Subjects/Keywords: Earth Sciences; Geology; Physical Sciences and Mathematics
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APA (6th Edition):
Kapelanczyk, L. N. (2011). Eruptive history of Maderas volcano using new 40Ar/39Ar ages and geochemical analyses. (Masters Thesis). Michigan Technological University. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etd-restricted/33
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Kapelanczyk, Lara N. “Eruptive history of Maderas volcano using new 40Ar/39Ar ages and geochemical analyses.” 2011. Masters Thesis, Michigan Technological University. Accessed January 23, 2021.
https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etd-restricted/33.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Kapelanczyk, Lara N. “Eruptive history of Maderas volcano using new 40Ar/39Ar ages and geochemical analyses.” 2011. Web. 23 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Kapelanczyk LN. Eruptive history of Maderas volcano using new 40Ar/39Ar ages and geochemical analyses. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Michigan Technological University; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 23].
Available from: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etd-restricted/33.
Council of Science Editors:
Kapelanczyk LN. Eruptive history of Maderas volcano using new 40Ar/39Ar ages and geochemical analyses. [Masters Thesis]. Michigan Technological University; 2011. Available from: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etd-restricted/33
Michigan Technological University
11.
Thomas, Helen E.
Observations of volcanic emissions using satellite remote sensing.
Degree: PhD, Department of Geological and Mining Engineering and Sciences, 2011, Michigan Technological University
URL: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etd-restricted/35
► Volcanoes pose a threat to the human population at regional and global scales and so efficient monitoring is essential in order to effectively manage…
(more)
▼ Volcanoes pose a threat to the human population at regional and global scales and so efficient monitoring is essential in order to effectively manage and mitigate the risks that they pose. Volcano monitoring from space has been possible for over thirty years and now, more than ever, a suite of instruments exists with the capability to observe emissions of gas and ash from a unique perspective. The goal of this research is to demonstrate the use of a range of satellite-based sensors in order to detect and quantify volcanic sulphur dioxide, and to assess the relative performances of each sensor against one another. Such comparisons are important in order to standardise retrievals and permit better estimations of the global contribution of sulphur dioxide to the atmosphere from volcanoes for climate modelling.
In this work, retrievals of volcanic sulphur dioxide from a number of instruments are compared, and the individual performances at quantifying emissions from large, explosive volcanic eruptions are assessed. Retrievals vary widely from sensor to sensor, and often the use of a number of sensors in synergy can provide the most complete picture, rather than just one instrument alone.
Volcanic emissions have the ability to result significant economic loses by grounding aircraft due to the high risk associated with ash encountering aircraft. As sulphur dioxide is often easier to measure than ash, it is often used as a proxy. This work examines whether this is a reasonable assumption, using the Icelandic eruption in early 2010 as a case study. Results indicate that although the two species are for the most part collocated, separation can occur under some conditions, meaning that it is essential to accurately measure both species in order to provide effective hazard mitigation.
Finally, the usefulness of satellite remote sensing in quantifying the passive degassing from Turrialba, Costa Rica is demonstrated. The increase in activity from 2005 – 2010 can be observed in satellite data prior to the phreatic phase of early 2010, and can therefore potentially provide a useful indication of changing activity at some volcanoes.
Advisors/Committee Members: Iain Matthew Watson, Simon Anthony Carn.
Subjects/Keywords: Earth Sciences; Geology; Physical Sciences and Mathematics
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APA (6th Edition):
Thomas, H. E. (2011). Observations of volcanic emissions using satellite remote sensing. (Doctoral Dissertation). Michigan Technological University. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etd-restricted/35
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Thomas, Helen E. “Observations of volcanic emissions using satellite remote sensing.” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, Michigan Technological University. Accessed January 23, 2021.
https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etd-restricted/35.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Thomas, Helen E. “Observations of volcanic emissions using satellite remote sensing.” 2011. Web. 23 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Thomas HE. Observations of volcanic emissions using satellite remote sensing. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Michigan Technological University; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 23].
Available from: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etd-restricted/35.
Council of Science Editors:
Thomas HE. Observations of volcanic emissions using satellite remote sensing. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Michigan Technological University; 2011. Available from: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etd-restricted/35
Michigan Technological University
12.
Head, Elisabet Marie.
Investigations into the degassing and eruption mechanisms of Nyamuragira volcano, Democratic Republic of the Congo (Africa).
Degree: PhD, Department of Geological and Mining Engineering and Sciences, 2012, Michigan Technological University
URL: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds/322
► One of two active volcanoes in the western branch of the East African Rift, Nyamuragira (1.408ºS, 29.20ºE; 3058 m) is located in the D.R.…
(more)
▼ One of two active volcanoes in the western branch of the East African Rift, Nyamuragira (1.408ºS, 29.20ºE; 3058 m) is located in the D.R. Congo. Nyamuragira emits large amounts of SO2 (up to ~1 Mt/day) and erupts low-silica, alkalic lavas, which achieve flow rates of up to ~20 km/hr. The source of the large SO
2 emissions and pre-eruptive magma conditions were unknown prior to this study, and 1994-2010 lava volumes were only recently mapped via satellite imagery, mainly due to the region’s political instability. In this study, new olivine-hosted melt inclusion volatile (H
2O, CO
2, S, Cl, F) and major element data from five historic Nyamuragira eruptions (1912, 1938, 1948, 1986, 2006) are presented. Melt compositions derived from the 1986 and 2006 tephra samples best represent pre-eruptive volatile compositions because these samples contain naturally glassy inclusions that underwent less post-entrapment modification than crystallized inclusions. The total amount of SO
2 released from the 1986 (0.04 Mt) and 2006 (0.06 Mt) eruptions are derived using the petrologic method, whereby S contents in melt inclusions are scaled to erupted lava volumes. These amounts are significantly less than satellite-based SO
2 emissions for the same eruptions (1986 = ~1 Mt; 2006 = ~2 Mt). Potential explanations for this observation are: 1) accumulation of a vapor phase within the magmatic system that is only released during eruptions, and/or 2) syn-eruptive gas release from unerupted magma. Post-1994 Nyamuragira lava volumes were not available at the beginning of this study. These flows (along with others since 1967) are mapped with Landsat MSS, TM, and ETM+, Hyperion, and ALI satellite data and combined with published flow thicknesses to derive volumes. Satellite remote sensing data was also used to evaluate Nyamuragira SO
2 emissions. These results show that the most recent Nyamuragira eruptions injected SO
2 into the atmosphere between 15 km (2006 eruption) and 5 km (2010 eruption). This suggests that past effusive basaltic eruptions (e.g., Laki 1783) are capable of similar plume heights that reached the upper troposphere or tropopause, allowing SO
2 and resultant aerosols to remain longer in the atmosphere, travel farther around the globe, and affect global climates.
Advisors/Committee Members: Simon Anthony Carn.
Subjects/Keywords: Earth Sciences; Geology; Physical Sciences and Mathematics
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APA (6th Edition):
Head, E. M. (2012). Investigations into the degassing and eruption mechanisms of Nyamuragira volcano, Democratic Republic of the Congo (Africa). (Doctoral Dissertation). Michigan Technological University. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds/322
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Head, Elisabet Marie. “Investigations into the degassing and eruption mechanisms of Nyamuragira volcano, Democratic Republic of the Congo (Africa).” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, Michigan Technological University. Accessed January 23, 2021.
https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds/322.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Head, Elisabet Marie. “Investigations into the degassing and eruption mechanisms of Nyamuragira volcano, Democratic Republic of the Congo (Africa).” 2012. Web. 23 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Head EM. Investigations into the degassing and eruption mechanisms of Nyamuragira volcano, Democratic Republic of the Congo (Africa). [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Michigan Technological University; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 23].
Available from: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds/322.
Council of Science Editors:
Head EM. Investigations into the degassing and eruption mechanisms of Nyamuragira volcano, Democratic Republic of the Congo (Africa). [Doctoral Dissertation]. Michigan Technological University; 2012. Available from: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds/322
Michigan Technological University
13.
Morales Rivera, Anieri M.
Comparisons between OMI SO2 data and ground-based SO2 measurements at Turrialba volcano.
Degree: MS, Department of Geological and Mining Engineering and Sciences, 2011, Michigan Technological University
URL: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds/334
► Turrialba is one of the largest and most active stratovolcanoes in the Central Cordillera of Costa Rica and an excellent target for validation of…
(more)
▼ Turrialba is one of the largest and most active stratovolcanoes in the Central Cordillera of Costa Rica and an excellent target for validation of satellite data using ground based measurements due to its high elevation, relative ease of access, and persistent elevated SO
2 degassing. The Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) aboard the Aura satellite makes daily global observations of atmospheric trace gases and it is used in this investigation to obtain volcanic SO
2 retrievals in the Turrialba volcanic plume. We present and evaluate the relative accuracy of two OMI SO
2 data analysis procedures, the automatic Band Residual Index (BRI) technique and the manual Normalized Cloud-mass (NCM) method. We find a linear correlation and good quantitative agreement between SO
2 burdens derived from the BRI and NCM techniques, with an improved correlation when wet season data are excluded. We also present the first comparisons between volcanic SO
2 emission rates obtained from ground-based mini-DOAS measurements at Turrialba and three new OMI SO
2 data analysis techniques: the MODIS smoke estimation, OMI SO
2 lifetime, and OMI SO
2 transect techniques. A robust validation of OMI SO
2 retrievals was made, with both qualitative and quantitative agreements under specific atmospheric conditions, proving the utility of satellite measurements for estimating accurate SO
2 emission rates and monitoring passively degassing volcanoes.
Advisors/Committee Members: Simon Anthony Carn.
Subjects/Keywords: Earth Sciences; Geology; Physical Sciences and Mathematics
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APA (6th Edition):
Morales Rivera, A. M. (2011). Comparisons between OMI SO2 data and ground-based SO2 measurements at Turrialba volcano. (Masters Thesis). Michigan Technological University. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds/334
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Morales Rivera, Anieri M. “Comparisons between OMI SO2 data and ground-based SO2 measurements at Turrialba volcano.” 2011. Masters Thesis, Michigan Technological University. Accessed January 23, 2021.
https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds/334.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Morales Rivera, Anieri M. “Comparisons between OMI SO2 data and ground-based SO2 measurements at Turrialba volcano.” 2011. Web. 23 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Morales Rivera AM. Comparisons between OMI SO2 data and ground-based SO2 measurements at Turrialba volcano. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Michigan Technological University; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 23].
Available from: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds/334.
Council of Science Editors:
Morales Rivera AM. Comparisons between OMI SO2 data and ground-based SO2 measurements at Turrialba volcano. [Masters Thesis]. Michigan Technological University; 2011. Available from: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds/334
Michigan Technological University
14.
Mandon, Céline L.
Comparing satellite and ground-based observations of paroxysmal degassing events at Etna volcano, Italy.
Degree: MS, Department of Geological and Mining Engineering and Sciences, 2012, Michigan Technological University
URL: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds/331
► Mount Etna, Italy, is one of the most active volcanoes in the world, and is also regarded as one of the strongest volcanic sources…
(more)
▼ Mount Etna, Italy, is one of the most active volcanoes in the world, and is also regarded as one of the strongest volcanic sources of sulfur dioxide (SO
2) emissions to the atmosphere. Since October 2004, an automated ultraviolet (UV) spectrometer network (FLAME) has provided ground-based SO
2 measurements with high temporal resolution, providing an opportunity to validate satellite SO
2 measurements at Etna. The Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) on the NASA Aura satellite, which makes global daily measurements of trace gases in the atmosphere, was used to compare SO
2 amount released by the volcano during paroxysmal lava-fountaining events from 2004 to present. We present the first comparison between SO
2 emission rates and SO
2 burdens obtained by the OMI transect technique and OMI Normalized Cloud-Mass (NCM) technique and the ground-based FLAME Mini-DOAS measurements. In spite of a good data set from the FLAME network, finding coincident OMI and FLAME measurements proved challenging and only one paroxysmal event provided a good validation for OMI. Another goal of this work was to assess the efficacy of the FLAME network in capturing paroxysmal SO
2 emissions from Etna, given that the FLAME network is only operational during daylight hours and some paroxysms occur at night. OMI measurements are advantageous since SO
2 emissions from nighttime paroxysms can often be quantified on the following day, providing improved constraints on Etna’s SO
2 budget.
Advisors/Committee Members: Simon Anthony Carn.
Subjects/Keywords: Earth Sciences; Geology; Physical Sciences and Mathematics
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APA (6th Edition):
Mandon, C. L. (2012). Comparing satellite and ground-based observations of paroxysmal degassing events at Etna volcano, Italy. (Masters Thesis). Michigan Technological University. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds/331
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Mandon, Céline L. “Comparing satellite and ground-based observations of paroxysmal degassing events at Etna volcano, Italy.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Michigan Technological University. Accessed January 23, 2021.
https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds/331.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Mandon, Céline L. “Comparing satellite and ground-based observations of paroxysmal degassing events at Etna volcano, Italy.” 2012. Web. 23 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Mandon CL. Comparing satellite and ground-based observations of paroxysmal degassing events at Etna volcano, Italy. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Michigan Technological University; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 23].
Available from: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds/331.
Council of Science Editors:
Mandon CL. Comparing satellite and ground-based observations of paroxysmal degassing events at Etna volcano, Italy. [Masters Thesis]. Michigan Technological University; 2012. Available from: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds/331
Michigan Technological University
15.
Islam, Nayyer.
Sonic log prediction in carbonates.
Degree: MS, Department of Geological and Mining Engineering and Sciences, 2011, Michigan Technological University
URL: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds/326
► This work is conducted to study the complications associated with the sonic log prediction in carbonate logs and to investigate the possible solutions to…
(more)
▼ This work is conducted to study the complications associated with the sonic log prediction in carbonate logs and to investigate the possible solutions to accurately predict the sonic logs in Traverse Limestone. Well logs from fifty different wells were analyzed to define the mineralogy of the Traverse Limestone by using conventional 4-mineral and 3-mineral identification approaches. We modified the conventional 3-mineral identification approach (that completely neglects the gamma ray response) to correct the shale effects on the basis of gamma ray log before employing the 3-mineral identification. This modification helped to get the meaningful insight of the data when a plot was made between DGA (dry grain density) and UMA (Photoelectric Volumetric Cross-section) with the characteristic ternary diagram of the quartz, calcite and dolomite. The results were then compared with the 4-mineral identification approach. Contour maps of the average mineral fractions present in the Traverse Limestone were prepared to see the basin wide mineralogy of Traverse Limestone.
In the second part, sonic response of Traverse Limestone was predicted in fifty randomly distributed wells. We used the modified time average equation that accounts for the shale effects on the basis of gamma ray log, and used it to predict the sonic behavior from density porosity and average porosity. To account for the secondary porosity of dolomite, we subtracted the dolomitic fraction of clean porosity from the total porosity. The pseudo-sonic logs were then compared with the measured sonic logs on the root mean square (RMS) basis. Addition of dolomite correction in modified time average equation improved the results of sonic prediction from neutron porosity and average porosity. The results demonstrated that sonic logs could be predicted in carbonate rocks with a root mean square error of about 4μsec/ft. We also attempted the use of individual mineral components for sonic log prediction but the ambiguities in mineral fractions and in the sonic properties of the minerals limited the accuracy of the results.
Advisors/Committee Members: Wayne D Pennington.
Subjects/Keywords: Earth Sciences; Geology; Physical Sciences and Mathematics
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APA (6th Edition):
Islam, N. (2011). Sonic log prediction in carbonates. (Masters Thesis). Michigan Technological University. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds/326
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Islam, Nayyer. “Sonic log prediction in carbonates.” 2011. Masters Thesis, Michigan Technological University. Accessed January 23, 2021.
https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds/326.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Islam, Nayyer. “Sonic log prediction in carbonates.” 2011. Web. 23 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Islam N. Sonic log prediction in carbonates. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Michigan Technological University; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 23].
Available from: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds/326.
Council of Science Editors:
Islam N. Sonic log prediction in carbonates. [Masters Thesis]. Michigan Technological University; 2011. Available from: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds/326
Michigan Technological University
16.
Fish, Randall E.
Using water balance models to approximate the effects of climate change on spring catchment discharge : Mt. Hanang, Tanzania.
Degree: MS, Department of Geological and Mining Engineering and Sciences, 2011, Michigan Technological University
URL: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds/319
► This project addresses the potential impacts of changing climate on dry-season water storage and discharge from a small, mountain catchment in Tanzania. Villagers and…
(more)
▼ This project addresses the potential impacts of changing climate on dry-season water storage and discharge from a small, mountain catchment in Tanzania. Villagers and water managers around the catchment have experienced worsening water scarcity and attribute it to increasing population and demand, but very little has been done to understand the physical characteristics and hydrological behavior of the spring catchment. The physical nature of the aquifer was characterized and water balance models were calibrated to discharge observations so as to be able to explore relative changes in aquifer storage resulting from climate changes.
To characterize the shallow aquifer supplying water to the Jandu spring, water quality and geochemistry data were analyzed, discharge recession analysis was performed, and two water balance models were developed and tested. Jandu geochemistry suggests a shallow, meteorically-recharged aquifer system with short circulation times. Baseflow recession analysis showed that the catchment behavior could be represented by a linear storage model with an average recession constant of 0.151/month from 2004-2010. Two modified Thornthwaite-Mather Water Balance (TMWB) models were calibrated using historic rainfall and discharge data and shown to reproduce dry-season flows with Nash-Sutcliffe efficiencies between 0.86 and 0.91.
The modified TMWB models were then used to examine the impacts of nineteen, perturbed climate scenarios to test the potential impacts of regional climate change on catchment storage during the dry season. Forcing the models with realistic scenarios for average monthly temperature, annual precipitation, and seasonal rainfall distribution demonstrated that even small climate changes might adversely impact aquifer storage conditions at the onset of the dry season. The scale of the change was dependent on the direction (increasing vs. decreasing) and magnitude of climate change (temperature and precipitation).
This study demonstrates that small, mountain aquifer characterization is possible using simple water quality parameters, recession analysis can be integrated into modeling aquifer storage parameters, and water balance models can accurately reproduce dry-season discharges and might be useful tools to assess climate change impacts. However, uncertainty in current climate projections and lack of data for testing the predictive capabilities of the model beyond the present data set, make the forecasts of changes in discharge also uncertain. The hydrologic tools used herein offer promise for future research in understanding small, shallow, mountainous aquifers and could potentially be developed and used by water resource professionals to assess climatic influences on local hydrologic systems.
Advisors/Committee Members: John S Gierke.
Subjects/Keywords: Earth Sciences; Geology; Physical Sciences and Mathematics
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APA (6th Edition):
Fish, R. E. (2011). Using water balance models to approximate the effects of climate change on spring catchment discharge : Mt. Hanang, Tanzania. (Masters Thesis). Michigan Technological University. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds/319
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Fish, Randall E. “Using water balance models to approximate the effects of climate change on spring catchment discharge : Mt. Hanang, Tanzania.” 2011. Masters Thesis, Michigan Technological University. Accessed January 23, 2021.
https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds/319.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Fish, Randall E. “Using water balance models to approximate the effects of climate change on spring catchment discharge : Mt. Hanang, Tanzania.” 2011. Web. 23 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Fish RE. Using water balance models to approximate the effects of climate change on spring catchment discharge : Mt. Hanang, Tanzania. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Michigan Technological University; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 23].
Available from: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds/319.
Council of Science Editors:
Fish RE. Using water balance models to approximate the effects of climate change on spring catchment discharge : Mt. Hanang, Tanzania. [Masters Thesis]. Michigan Technological University; 2011. Available from: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds/319
Michigan Technological University
17.
Herrick, Julie A.
Recurrent voluminous sector collapses at Volcán Barú, Panama.
Degree: MS, Department of Geological and Mining Engineering and Sciences, 2011, Michigan Technological University
URL: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds/324
► Two volcanic debris avalanche deposits (VDADs), both attributed to sector collapse at Volcán Barú, Panama, have been identified after an investigation of deposits that…
(more)
▼ Two volcanic debris avalanche deposits (VDADs), both attributed to sector collapse at Volcán Barú, Panama, have been identified after an investigation of deposits that covered more than a thousand square kilometers. The younger Barriles Deposit is constrained by two radiocarbon ages that are ~9 ka; the older Caisán Deposit is at or beyond the radiocarbon range, >43,500 ybp. The total runout length of the Caisán Deposit was ~50 km and it covers 1190 km
2. The Barriles Deposit extended to about 45 km and covered an area of 966 km
2, overlapping most of the Caisán. The VDADs are blanketed by pyroclastic deposits and contain a predominance of andesitic material likely representing volcanic dome rock which accumulated above the active vent at Barú before collapsing. Despite heavy vegetation in the field area, over 4000 individual hummocks were digitized from aerial photography. Statistical analysis of hummock locations and geometries depict flow patterns of highly- fragmented material reflecting the effects of underlying topography and also help to define the limit of Barriles’ shorter termination.
Barriles and Caisán are primarily unconfined, subaerial volcanic deposits that are among the world’s most voluminous. Calculated through two different geospatial processes, thickness values from field measurements and inferences yield volumes >30 km
23 for both deposits. VDADs of comparable scale come from Mount Shasta, USA; Socompa, Chile/Argentina; and Shiveluch, Russia. Currently, the modern edifice is 200-400m lower than the pre-collapse Barriles and Caisán summits and only 16-25% of the former edifice has been replaced since the last failure.
Advisors/Committee Members: William I Rose.
Subjects/Keywords: Earth Sciences; Geology; Physical Sciences and Mathematics
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APA (6th Edition):
Herrick, J. A. (2011). Recurrent voluminous sector collapses at Volcán Barú, Panama. (Masters Thesis). Michigan Technological University. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds/324
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Herrick, Julie A. “Recurrent voluminous sector collapses at Volcán Barú, Panama.” 2011. Masters Thesis, Michigan Technological University. Accessed January 23, 2021.
https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds/324.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Herrick, Julie A. “Recurrent voluminous sector collapses at Volcán Barú, Panama.” 2011. Web. 23 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Herrick JA. Recurrent voluminous sector collapses at Volcán Barú, Panama. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Michigan Technological University; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 23].
Available from: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds/324.
Council of Science Editors:
Herrick JA. Recurrent voluminous sector collapses at Volcán Barú, Panama. [Masters Thesis]. Michigan Technological University; 2011. Available from: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds/324
Michigan Technological University
18.
Brill, Kyle Arthur.
Characterization of harmonic tremor at Santiaguito volcano and its implications for eruption mechanisms.
Degree: MS, Department of Geological and Mining Engineering and Sciences, 2011, Michigan Technological University
URL: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds/314
► We observed Santiaguito volcano in southwestern Guatemala from March 2008 - March 2010. Seismic and infrasound data collected between January and March of 2009…
(more)
▼ We observed Santiaguito volcano in southwestern Guatemala from March 2008 - March 2010. Seismic and infrasound data collected between January and March of 2009 contain records of many diverse processes occurring at the dacitic dome complex, including the recurrence of short lived (30-200 seconds in duration) harmonic tremor concurrent with ash poor gas emissions from the volcano. We employ several different analytical techniques to examine different portions of the tremor and source mechanisms. We use the parameters derived by this analysis to compare the feasibility of several suggested models of eruption mechanisms, and determine that this type of harmonic tremor is most justifiably generated by the flow of gas through crack networks generated by shear fracture along the magma conduit margin.
Advisors/Committee Members: Gregory Phillip Waite.
Subjects/Keywords: Earth Sciences; Geology; Physical Sciences and Mathematics
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APA (6th Edition):
Brill, K. A. (2011). Characterization of harmonic tremor at Santiaguito volcano and its implications for eruption mechanisms. (Masters Thesis). Michigan Technological University. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds/314
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Brill, Kyle Arthur. “Characterization of harmonic tremor at Santiaguito volcano and its implications for eruption mechanisms.” 2011. Masters Thesis, Michigan Technological University. Accessed January 23, 2021.
https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds/314.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Brill, Kyle Arthur. “Characterization of harmonic tremor at Santiaguito volcano and its implications for eruption mechanisms.” 2011. Web. 23 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Brill KA. Characterization of harmonic tremor at Santiaguito volcano and its implications for eruption mechanisms. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Michigan Technological University; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 23].
Available from: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds/314.
Council of Science Editors:
Brill KA. Characterization of harmonic tremor at Santiaguito volcano and its implications for eruption mechanisms. [Masters Thesis]. Michigan Technological University; 2011. Available from: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds/314
Michigan Technological University
19.
Desplas, Elise A.
Comparison of magnetic properties and petrography between dykes and lava flows from La Cienega, New Mexico and Thunder Bay area, Canada.
Degree: MS, Department of Geological and Mining Engineering and Sciences, 2012, Michigan Technological University
URL: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds/317
► Data on the evolution of geomagnetic paleointensity are crucial for understanding the geodynamo and Earth’s thermal history. Although basaltic flows are preferred for paleointensity…
(more)
▼ Data on the evolution of geomagnetic paleointensity are crucial for understanding the geodynamo and Earth’s thermal history. Although basaltic flows are preferred for paleointensity experiments, quickly cooled mafic dykes have also been used. However, the paleointensity values obtained from the dykes are systematically lower than those from lava flows. This bias may originate from the difference in cooling histories and resultant magnetic mineralogies of extrusive and intrusive rocks. To explore this hypothesis, the magnetic mineralogy of two feeder dyke-lave flow systems, from Thunder Bay (Canada) and La Cienega (New-Mexico), has been studied using magnetic and microscopy methods. Within each system, the flow and dyke show different stages of deuteric oxidation of titanomagnetite, but the oxidation stages also differ between the two systems. It is concluded that the tested hypothesis is viable, but the relationships between the magnetic and mineralogical properties of flows and dykes are complex and need a further investigation.
Advisors/Committee Members: Aleksey Victorovich Smirnov.
Subjects/Keywords: Earth Sciences; Geology; Physical Sciences and Mathematics
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APA (6th Edition):
Desplas, E. A. (2012). Comparison of magnetic properties and petrography between dykes and lava flows from La Cienega, New Mexico and Thunder Bay area, Canada. (Masters Thesis). Michigan Technological University. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds/317
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Desplas, Elise A. “Comparison of magnetic properties and petrography between dykes and lava flows from La Cienega, New Mexico and Thunder Bay area, Canada.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Michigan Technological University. Accessed January 23, 2021.
https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds/317.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Desplas, Elise A. “Comparison of magnetic properties and petrography between dykes and lava flows from La Cienega, New Mexico and Thunder Bay area, Canada.” 2012. Web. 23 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Desplas EA. Comparison of magnetic properties and petrography between dykes and lava flows from La Cienega, New Mexico and Thunder Bay area, Canada. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Michigan Technological University; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 23].
Available from: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds/317.
Council of Science Editors:
Desplas EA. Comparison of magnetic properties and petrography between dykes and lava flows from La Cienega, New Mexico and Thunder Bay area, Canada. [Masters Thesis]. Michigan Technological University; 2012. Available from: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds/317
Michigan Technological University
20.
Silverman, Jesse.
"The need obliged us" : culture as capacity during the Hurricane Stan emergency response. A case study from Tectitan, Huehuetenango, Guatemala.
Degree: MS, Department of Geological and Mining Engineering and Sciences, 2011, Michigan Technological University
URL: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds/338
► A major deficiency in disaster management plans is the assumption that pre-disaster civil-society does not have the capacity to respond effectively during crises. Following…
(more)
▼ A major deficiency in disaster management plans is the assumption that pre-disaster civil-society does not have the capacity to respond effectively during crises. Following from this assumption a dominant emergency management strategy is to replace weak civil-society organizations with specialized disaster organizations that are often either military or Para-military and seek to centralize decision-making. Many criticisms have been made of this approach, but few specifically addresses disasters in the developing world. Disasters in the developing world present unique problems not seen in the developed world because they often occur in the context of compromised governments, and marginalized populations. In this context it is often community members themselves who possess the greatest capacity to respond to disasters. This paper focuses on the capacity of community groups to respond to disaster in a small town in rural Guatemala. Key informant interviews and ethnographic observations are used to reconstruct the community response to the disaster instigated by Hurricane Stan (2005) in the municipality of Tectitán in the Huehuetenango department. The interviews were analyzed using techniques adapted from grounded theory to construct a narrative of the events, and identify themes in the community’s disaster behavior. These themes are used to critique the emergency management plans advocated by the Guatemalan National Coordination for the Reduction of Disasters (CONRED). This paper argues that CONRED uncritically adopts emergency management strategies that do not account for the local realities in communities throughout Guatemala. The response in Tectitán was characterized by the formation of new organizations, whose actions and leadership structure were derived from “normal” or routine life. It was found that pre-existing social networks were resilient and easily re-oriented meet the novel needs of a crisis. New or emergent groups that formed during the disaster utilized social capital accrued by routine collective behavior, and employed organizational strategies derived from “normal” community relations. Based on the effectiveness of this response CONRED could improve its emergency planning on the local-level by utilizing the pre-existing community organizations rather than insisting that new disaster-specific organizations be formed.
Advisors/Committee Members: William I. Rose.
Subjects/Keywords: Earth Sciences; Geology; Physical Sciences and Mathematics
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APA (6th Edition):
Silverman, J. (2011). "The need obliged us" : culture as capacity during the Hurricane Stan emergency response. A case study from Tectitan, Huehuetenango, Guatemala. (Masters Thesis). Michigan Technological University. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds/338
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Silverman, Jesse. “"The need obliged us" : culture as capacity during the Hurricane Stan emergency response. A case study from Tectitan, Huehuetenango, Guatemala.” 2011. Masters Thesis, Michigan Technological University. Accessed January 23, 2021.
https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds/338.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Silverman, Jesse. “"The need obliged us" : culture as capacity during the Hurricane Stan emergency response. A case study from Tectitan, Huehuetenango, Guatemala.” 2011. Web. 23 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Silverman J. "The need obliged us" : culture as capacity during the Hurricane Stan emergency response. A case study from Tectitan, Huehuetenango, Guatemala. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Michigan Technological University; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 23].
Available from: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds/338.
Council of Science Editors:
Silverman J. "The need obliged us" : culture as capacity during the Hurricane Stan emergency response. A case study from Tectitan, Huehuetenango, Guatemala. [Masters Thesis]. Michigan Technological University; 2011. Available from: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds/338
Michigan Technological University
21.
Henney, Lorna Alison.
Remote sensing of volcanic plumes using the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER).
Degree: PhD, Department of Geological and Mining Engineering and Sciences, 2012, Michigan Technological University
URL: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds/323
► The Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) has been used to quantify SO2 emissions from passively degassing volcanoes. This dissertation explores ASTER’s…
(more)
▼ The Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) has been used to quantify SO
2 emissions from passively degassing volcanoes. This dissertation explores ASTER’s capability to detect SO2 with satellite validation, enhancement techniques and extensive processing of images at a variety of volcanoes. ASTER is compared to the Mini UV Spectrometer (MUSe), a ground based instrument, to determine if reasonable SO
2 fluxes can be quantified from a plume emitted from Lascar, Chile. The two sensors were in good agreement with ASTER proving to be a reliable detector of SO
2. ASTER illustrated the advantages of imaging a plume in 2D, with better temporal resolution than the MUSe. SO
2 plumes in ASTER imagery are not always discernible in the raw TIR data. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Decorrelation Stretch (DCS) enhancement techniques were compared to determine how well they highlight a variety of volcanic plumes. DCS produced a consistent output and the composition of the plumes was easy to identify from explosive eruptions. As the plumes became smaller and lower in altitude they became harder to distinguish using DCS. PCA proved to be better at identifying smaller low altitude plumes. ASTER was used to investigate SO
2 emissions at Lascar, Chile. Activity at Lascar has been characterized by cyclic behavior and persistent degassing (Matthews et al. 1997). Previous studies at Lascar have primarily focused on changes in thermal infrared anomalies, neglecting gas emissions. Using the SO
2 data along with changes in thermal anomalies and visual observations it is evident that Lascar is at the end an eruptive cycle that began in 1993. Declining gas emissions and crater temperatures suggest that the conduit is sealing. ASTER and the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) were used to determine the annual contribution of SO
2 to the troposphere from the Central and South American volcanic arcs between 2000 and 2011. Fluxes of 3.4 Tg/a for Central America and 3.7 Tg/a for South America were calculated. The detection limits of ASTER were explored. The results a proved to be interesting, with plumes from many of the high emitting volcanoes, such as Villarrica, Chile, not being detected by ASTER.
Advisors/Committee Members: Iain Matthew Watson.
Subjects/Keywords: Earth Sciences; Geology; Physical Sciences and Mathematics
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APA (6th Edition):
Henney, L. A. (2012). Remote sensing of volcanic plumes using the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER). (Doctoral Dissertation). Michigan Technological University. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds/323
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Henney, Lorna Alison. “Remote sensing of volcanic plumes using the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER).” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, Michigan Technological University. Accessed January 23, 2021.
https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds/323.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Henney, Lorna Alison. “Remote sensing of volcanic plumes using the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER).” 2012. Web. 23 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Henney LA. Remote sensing of volcanic plumes using the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER). [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Michigan Technological University; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 23].
Available from: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds/323.
Council of Science Editors:
Henney LA. Remote sensing of volcanic plumes using the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER). [Doctoral Dissertation]. Michigan Technological University; 2012. Available from: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds/323
Michigan Technological University
22.
Nadeau, Patricia Amanda.
Ultraviolet digital imaging of volcanic plumes : implementation and application to magmatic processes at basaltic volcanoes.
Degree: PhD, Department of Geological and Mining Engineering and Sciences, 2011, Michigan Technological University
URL: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds/336
► Magmatic volatiles play a crucial role in volcanism, from magma production at depth to generation of seismic phenomena to control of eruption style. Accordingly,…
(more)
▼ Magmatic volatiles play a crucial role in volcanism, from magma production at depth to generation of seismic phenomena to control of eruption style. Accordingly, many models of volcano dynamics rely heavily on behavior of such volatiles. Yet measurements of emission rates of volcanic gases have historically been limited, which has restricted model verification to processes on the order of days or longer.
UV cameras are a recent advancement in the field of remote sensing of volcanic SO
2 emissions. They offer enhanced temporal and spatial resolution over previous measurement techniques, but need development before they can be widely adopted and achieve the promise of integration with other geophysical datasets. Large datasets require a means by which to quickly and efficiently use imagery to calculate emission rates. We present a suite of programs designed to semi-automatically determine emission rates of SO
2 from series of UV images. Extraction of high temporal resolution SO
2 emission rates via this software facilitates comparison of gas data to geophysical data for the purposes of evaluating models of volcanic activity and has already proven useful at several volcanoes.
Integrated UV camera and seismic measurements recorded in January 2009 at Fuego volcano, Guatemala, provide new insight into the system’s shallow conduit processes. High temporal resolution SO2 data reveal patterns of SO
2 emission rate relative to explosions and seismic tremor that indicate tremor and degassing share a common source process. Progressive decreases in emission rate appear to represent inhibition of gas loss from magma as a result of rheological stiffening in the upper conduit. Measurements of emission rate from two closely-spaced vents, made possible by the high spatial resolution of the camera, help constrain this model.
UV camera measurements at Kilauea volcano, Hawaii, in May of 2010 captured two occurrences of lava filling and draining within the summit vent. Accompanying high lava stands were diminished SO
2 emission rates, decreased seismic and infrasonic tremor, minor deflation, and slowed lava lake surface velocity. Incorporation of UV camera data into the multi-parameter dataset gives credence to the likelihood of shallow gas accumulation as the cause of such events.
Advisors/Committee Members: Gregory Phillip Waite, Simon Anthony Carn.
Subjects/Keywords: Earth Sciences; Geology; Physical Sciences and Mathematics
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APA (6th Edition):
Nadeau, P. A. (2011). Ultraviolet digital imaging of volcanic plumes : implementation and application to magmatic processes at basaltic volcanoes. (Doctoral Dissertation). Michigan Technological University. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds/336
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Nadeau, Patricia Amanda. “Ultraviolet digital imaging of volcanic plumes : implementation and application to magmatic processes at basaltic volcanoes.” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, Michigan Technological University. Accessed January 23, 2021.
https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds/336.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Nadeau, Patricia Amanda. “Ultraviolet digital imaging of volcanic plumes : implementation and application to magmatic processes at basaltic volcanoes.” 2011. Web. 23 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Nadeau PA. Ultraviolet digital imaging of volcanic plumes : implementation and application to magmatic processes at basaltic volcanoes. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Michigan Technological University; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 23].
Available from: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds/336.
Council of Science Editors:
Nadeau PA. Ultraviolet digital imaging of volcanic plumes : implementation and application to magmatic processes at basaltic volcanoes. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Michigan Technological University; 2011. Available from: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds/336
Michigan Technological University
23.
Morgan, Hilary A.
Lava discharge rate estimates from thermal infrared satellite data at Pacaya Volcano, Guatemala.
Degree: MS, Department of Geological and Mining Engineering and Sciences, 2012, Michigan Technological University
URL: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds/335
► Time-averaged discharge rates (TADR) were calculated for five lava flows at Pacaya Volcano (Guatemala), using an adapted version of a previously developed satellite-based model.…
(more)
▼ Time-averaged discharge rates (TADR) were calculated for five lava flows at Pacaya Volcano (Guatemala), using an adapted version of a previously developed satellite-based model. Imagery acquired during periods of effusive activity between the years 2000 and 2010 were obtained from two sensors of differing temporal and spatial resolutions; the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), and the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES) Imager. A total of 2873 MODIS and 2642 GOES images were searched manually for volcanic “hot spots”. It was found that MODIS imagery, with superior spatial resolution, produced better results than GOES imagery, so only MODIS data were used for quantitative analyses. Spectral radiances were transformed into TADR via two methods; first, by best-fitting some of the parameters (i.e. density, vesicularity, crystal content, temperature change) of the TADR estimation model to match flow volumes previously estimated from ground surveys and aerial photographs, and second by measuring those parameters from lava samples to make independent estimates. A relatively stable relationship was defined using the second method, which suggests the possibility of estimating lava discharge rates in near-real-time during future volcanic crises at Pacaya.
Advisors/Committee Members: Simon Anthony Carn.
Subjects/Keywords: Earth Sciences; Geology; Physical Sciences and Mathematics
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APA (6th Edition):
Morgan, H. A. (2012). Lava discharge rate estimates from thermal infrared satellite data at Pacaya Volcano, Guatemala. (Masters Thesis). Michigan Technological University. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds/335
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Morgan, Hilary A. “Lava discharge rate estimates from thermal infrared satellite data at Pacaya Volcano, Guatemala.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Michigan Technological University. Accessed January 23, 2021.
https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds/335.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Morgan, Hilary A. “Lava discharge rate estimates from thermal infrared satellite data at Pacaya Volcano, Guatemala.” 2012. Web. 23 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Morgan HA. Lava discharge rate estimates from thermal infrared satellite data at Pacaya Volcano, Guatemala. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Michigan Technological University; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 23].
Available from: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds/335.
Council of Science Editors:
Morgan HA. Lava discharge rate estimates from thermal infrared satellite data at Pacaya Volcano, Guatemala. [Masters Thesis]. Michigan Technological University; 2012. Available from: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds/335
University of South Carolina
24.
McClinton, James T.
Neuro-Fuzzy Classification of Submarine Lava Flow Morphology On the Galapagos Spreading Center, 92W.
Degree: MS, Earth and Ocean Sciences, 2011, University of South Carolina
URL: https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/etd/1333
► Submarine volcanism at mid-ocean ridges (MORs) comprises the majority of global magmatism and produces the quantum units of the upper oceanic crust, which covers…
(more)
▼ Submarine volcanism at mid-ocean ridges (MORs) comprises the majority of global magmatism and produces the quantum units of the upper oceanic crust, which covers over 70% of
Earth's surface. Despite being one of our planet's most prolific and ubiquitous processes, only two deep seafloor eruptions have ever been directly observed, therefore eruption dynamics and emplacement kinematics must be inferred from the spatial arrangement and morphological and physical properties of eruptive products. However, few studies have investigated MORs at the scale of individual eruptions; this lack of observations is a critical gap in our conceptual understanding of crustal genesis at MORs. This dissertation seeks to advance our knowledge of MOR volcanic processes through fieldwork and novel analytical experiments.
I begin by reviewing previous geological investigations of the deep ocean floor and introducing the concept of computer-aided geoclassification as an important aid to traditional field-based submarine geologic mapping and sampling methods. This type of methodology is then demonstrated in Chapter 2, in which submersible-based geologic fieldwork and high-resolution sonar data are integrated with a geoclassification algorithm to produce detailed volcanological maps of lava flow fields at the Galápagos Spreading Center (GSC). The maps are used to provide quantitative estimates of the abundance and spatial distribution of lava flow morphologies, which are used as a proxy for comparing average effusion rates within two study sites at the GSC with contrasting magma supply rates.
Next, to further explore the controls on submarine lava flow morphology, I use digital petrography to determine the crystallinity and bulk viscosity of basaltic lava flow samples from the GSC. I show that bulk viscosity can vary significantly within lava flow fields and with relatively small variations in crystallinity. Using quantitative textural analysis techniques, I find distinct differences in crystal size and shape distribution between lava morphology types. I also compare the characteristics of lava flow samples from lower- and higher-magma-supply study sites at the GSC.
In the final chapter, I examine the architecture of Niños, a single lava flow field at the GSC near 92°W. Using high-precision sonar bathymetry, a spatial and stratigraphic progression of volcanic morphofacies is identified, each with distinctive patterns of lava flow morphology and volcanic structures. Collectively, the progression of facies is the geomorphological expression of flow localization processes. Individually, each facies suggests specific vent geometry and emplacement kinematics, providing a conceptual framework within which to make inferences about the construction of lava flow fields…
Advisors/Committee Members: Scott M White.
Subjects/Keywords: Earth Sciences; Geology; Physical Sciences and Mathematics
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APA (6th Edition):
McClinton, J. T. (2011). Neuro-Fuzzy Classification of Submarine Lava Flow Morphology On the Galapagos Spreading Center, 92W. (Masters Thesis). University of South Carolina. Retrieved from https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/etd/1333
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
McClinton, James T. “Neuro-Fuzzy Classification of Submarine Lava Flow Morphology On the Galapagos Spreading Center, 92W.” 2011. Masters Thesis, University of South Carolina. Accessed January 23, 2021.
https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/etd/1333.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
McClinton, James T. “Neuro-Fuzzy Classification of Submarine Lava Flow Morphology On the Galapagos Spreading Center, 92W.” 2011. Web. 23 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
McClinton JT. Neuro-Fuzzy Classification of Submarine Lava Flow Morphology On the Galapagos Spreading Center, 92W. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of South Carolina; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 23].
Available from: https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/etd/1333.
Council of Science Editors:
McClinton JT. Neuro-Fuzzy Classification of Submarine Lava Flow Morphology On the Galapagos Spreading Center, 92W. [Masters Thesis]. University of South Carolina; 2011. Available from: https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/etd/1333
University of South Carolina
25.
Stack, Edward Michael.
Properties and Applications of Organic/Biodegradable Sorbents (Peat) For Remediation of Hazardous Waste Substances.
Degree: PhD, Earth and Ocean Sciences, 2011, University of South Carolina
URL: https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/etd/1343
► This study was conducted to determine which peat-types have potential as media in permeable barriers, slurries, waste basin liners or other remediation schemes. In…
(more)
▼ This study was conducted to determine which peat-types have potential as media in permeable barriers, slurries, waste basin liners or other remediation schemes. In order to achieve this goal, individual studies of hydraulic conductivities, denitrification potentials, heavy metals sorption capacities, and hydrocarbon sorption capacities were conducted using samples from the USC Peat Sample Bank, which consists of highly characterized peat samples from different parts of the United States. Most previous studies were conducted on only one or two types of peat (often Sphagnum moss peat). However, because peat samples can be quit different in chemical, physical, and biological compositions from one site to another and even at depth within one deposit, it was felt that studies of a wider selection of highly characterized peat samples would be more useful than a study of a single type for predicting the best peats for various applications. Results demonstrated that different peats with distinctly different properties are required for each potential remediation scheme. Moreover, because of this variability among peat types, an additional study was conducted in which selected samples were tested for their potential to be separated into subcomponents (peat premacerals). This involved a visit to the Coal Chemistry Laboratory at Argonne National Lab, where a unique density-gradient centrifugation technique had previously been used to separate coal samples into their maceral components. After much experimentation and significant modification of these techniques, a successful separation of peat components was achieved. This new technique, thus, has the potential to lead to a better understanding of basic peat chemistry as well as a better understanding of the origin of the components that form ancient coal beds.
Advisors/Committee Members: Arthur D Cohen.
Subjects/Keywords: Earth Sciences; Geology; Physical Sciences and Mathematics
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APA (6th Edition):
Stack, E. M. (2011). Properties and Applications of Organic/Biodegradable Sorbents (Peat) For Remediation of Hazardous Waste Substances. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of South Carolina. Retrieved from https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/etd/1343
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Stack, Edward Michael. “Properties and Applications of Organic/Biodegradable Sorbents (Peat) For Remediation of Hazardous Waste Substances.” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, University of South Carolina. Accessed January 23, 2021.
https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/etd/1343.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Stack, Edward Michael. “Properties and Applications of Organic/Biodegradable Sorbents (Peat) For Remediation of Hazardous Waste Substances.” 2011. Web. 23 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Stack EM. Properties and Applications of Organic/Biodegradable Sorbents (Peat) For Remediation of Hazardous Waste Substances. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of South Carolina; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 23].
Available from: https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/etd/1343.
Council of Science Editors:
Stack EM. Properties and Applications of Organic/Biodegradable Sorbents (Peat) For Remediation of Hazardous Waste Substances. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of South Carolina; 2011. Available from: https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/etd/1343
University of South Carolina
26.
Antle, Ryan.
Tidal Flux of Trace Metals and Rare Earth Elements in a Barrier Island Salt Marsh.
Degree: MS, Earth and Ocean Sciences, 2013, University of South Carolina
URL: https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/etd/1317
► Barrier island salt marshes are known as sources of nutrients to the coastal ocean but it is unclear whether they are also sources or…
(more)
▼ Barrier island salt marshes are known as sources of nutrients to the coastal ocean but it is unclear whether they are also sources or sinks of trace metals in regards to coastal waters. Salt marshes are characterized by steep redox and biogeochemical gradients, which constantly fluctuate as a result of tidal pumping. While several studies have examined metal budgets between terrestrial fresh water, estuarine subterranean fluids, and coastal saline waters, there is little data regarding fluid chemistry for metals in salt water estuaries in the absence of fresh water input. This study investigated a back barrier salt marsh on Cabretta Island, Ga. This salt marsh has no terrestrial freshwater input component, eliminating potential sources and long range transport of metals from outside the system. As such, the Cabretta salt marsh allows determination of the dissolved flux of metals into coastal seawater from the salt marsh sediments as a result of tidal pumping. This study determined the dissolved (
Advisors/Committee Members: Michael Bizimis.
Subjects/Keywords: Earth Sciences; Geology; Physical Sciences and Mathematics
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APA (6th Edition):
Antle, R. (2013). Tidal Flux of Trace Metals and Rare Earth Elements in a Barrier Island Salt Marsh. (Masters Thesis). University of South Carolina. Retrieved from https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/etd/1317
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Antle, Ryan. “Tidal Flux of Trace Metals and Rare Earth Elements in a Barrier Island Salt Marsh.” 2013. Masters Thesis, University of South Carolina. Accessed January 23, 2021.
https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/etd/1317.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Antle, Ryan. “Tidal Flux of Trace Metals and Rare Earth Elements in a Barrier Island Salt Marsh.” 2013. Web. 23 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Antle R. Tidal Flux of Trace Metals and Rare Earth Elements in a Barrier Island Salt Marsh. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of South Carolina; 2013. [cited 2021 Jan 23].
Available from: https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/etd/1317.
Council of Science Editors:
Antle R. Tidal Flux of Trace Metals and Rare Earth Elements in a Barrier Island Salt Marsh. [Masters Thesis]. University of South Carolina; 2013. Available from: https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/etd/1317
Utah State University
27.
Rasmusson, Eric A.
The Influence of Small Displacement Faults on Seal Integrity and Lateral Movement of Fluids.
Degree: MS, Geology, 2016, Utah State University
URL: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/4886
► In the subsurface, faults can act as conduits for seal bypass or as lateral barriers to subsurface fluid flow. Recent reservoir modeling shows that…
(more)
▼ In the subsurface, faults can act as conduits for seal bypass or as lateral barriers to subsurface fluid flow. Recent reservoir modeling shows that the area where a reservoir-seal interface is in contact with a fault—the fault-interface corner—can be a site of high pore-fluid pressure that may cause seal failure. This can have negative implications for industries dependent on the quality of that seal, for example, petroleum, CO2 sequestration, waste fluid injection, and nuclear waste storage industries.
In order to better understand the fault-interface corner and improve models, we examined five mesoscale (cm- to m- scale) normal-slip faults that juxtapose medium cross-bedded sandstone (1-2 m thick beds) against red or green siltstone or mudstone (~1 m thick beds) in the San Rafael Swell, Utah. Outcrop observations, X-ray diffraction mineralogy, whole-rock geochemistry, petrography, fractured grain density, and porosity data were used to gain insight into past fluid compositions, cross-cutting relationships, and fault seal qualities in order to better define the fault-interface corner models and identify new fault elements previously not considered in the models.
Fault elements documented here include shale injection into faults, fault-bounded shale blocks, entrained sand blocks, and reactivated joints. Faults with shale injection have almost double the seal thickness and mineralization along the bottom slip surface of the injected shale bed. Step-over faults on either side of fault-bounded shale blocks replace overly simplified single plane faults in previous models. Geochemical alteration and mineralization includes calcite precipitation and clay development in several faults. These faults have varying spatial relationships with the zone of deformation bands. A fault with reactivated joints represents an endmember example of the fault-interface corner models with a large opening mode fracture allowing seal bypass.
Advisors/Committee Members: James P. Evans, ;.
Subjects/Keywords: Earth Sciences; Geology; Physical Sciences and Mathematics
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APA (6th Edition):
Rasmusson, E. A. (2016). The Influence of Small Displacement Faults on Seal Integrity and Lateral Movement of Fluids. (Masters Thesis). Utah State University. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/4886
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Rasmusson, Eric A. “The Influence of Small Displacement Faults on Seal Integrity and Lateral Movement of Fluids.” 2016. Masters Thesis, Utah State University. Accessed January 23, 2021.
https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/4886.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Rasmusson, Eric A. “The Influence of Small Displacement Faults on Seal Integrity and Lateral Movement of Fluids.” 2016. Web. 23 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Rasmusson EA. The Influence of Small Displacement Faults on Seal Integrity and Lateral Movement of Fluids. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Utah State University; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 23].
Available from: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/4886.
Council of Science Editors:
Rasmusson EA. The Influence of Small Displacement Faults on Seal Integrity and Lateral Movement of Fluids. [Masters Thesis]. Utah State University; 2016. Available from: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/4886
McMaster University
28.
Bishop, Elizabeth Elaine.
A Palaeobiological Approach to Incised Valley-Fills, Alberta Basin (Dunvegan and Viking Alloformations).
Degree: MS, 1998, McMaster University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11375/8642
► This study was undertaken to further understand the interrelationships between the endobenthos and sedimentation. Quantification of ichnospecies abundance and diversity are used to interpret…
(more)
▼ This study was undertaken to further understand the interrelationships between the endobenthos and sedimentation. Quantification of ichnospecies abundance and diversity are used to interpret their significanceand the ecologicalconditions two sedimentologically different incised valleyfills. This study is based on cores from two incised valley-fills from the Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway (Alberta). The first, the Waskahigan Channel (Shingle Dl) in the Dunvegan Allofonnation (Cenomanian) interpreted as a migrating delta, contains mud and fine-grained sand. The second, the South Willesden Green Channel (Allomember C) in the Viking Allofonnation (Albian) interpreted as a straight incised valley-fill, contains coarser, reworked marine sand and conglomerates. These differences provide a comparative test for the innovative techniques used herein. TInsresearch provided a tool to interpret changes in sea level and the depositional environment by subtle changes observed in the abundance and diversity of ichnofossil communities and ichnofacies. ill the Waskahigan Bottleneck Channel (7-13-64-24W5), estuarine sand flats are distinguished by the such changes. The assemblages' abundance and diversity increased, then decreased and increased again as the channel infilled. In the South Willesden Green Channel, core IO-35-40-7W5 is interpreted as estuarine bay fill deposit. Without quantitative ichnology, the five successive fills recognized herein would be considered one deposit. In both channels, shells and shell fragments are absent as a result of physical weathering and chemical dissolution. This study contributes methods of ichnological quantification and comparison in subsurface core. TI,e subtle details reveal more information about the ecological conditions during the infilling of these Cretaceous depositional environments.
Master of Science (MS)
Advisors/Committee Members: Walker, Roger G., Geology.
Subjects/Keywords: Earth Sciences; Geology; Earth Sciences
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APA (6th Edition):
Bishop, E. E. (1998). A Palaeobiological Approach to Incised Valley-Fills, Alberta Basin (Dunvegan and Viking Alloformations). (Masters Thesis). McMaster University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11375/8642
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Bishop, Elizabeth Elaine. “A Palaeobiological Approach to Incised Valley-Fills, Alberta Basin (Dunvegan and Viking Alloformations).” 1998. Masters Thesis, McMaster University. Accessed January 23, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/11375/8642.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Bishop, Elizabeth Elaine. “A Palaeobiological Approach to Incised Valley-Fills, Alberta Basin (Dunvegan and Viking Alloformations).” 1998. Web. 23 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Bishop EE. A Palaeobiological Approach to Incised Valley-Fills, Alberta Basin (Dunvegan and Viking Alloformations). [Internet] [Masters thesis]. McMaster University; 1998. [cited 2021 Jan 23].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11375/8642.
Council of Science Editors:
Bishop EE. A Palaeobiological Approach to Incised Valley-Fills, Alberta Basin (Dunvegan and Viking Alloformations). [Masters Thesis]. McMaster University; 1998. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11375/8642
McMaster University
29.
Boreen, Dale Thomas.
Sedimentology, Stratigraphy, and Depositional History of the Lower Cretaceous Viking Formation at Willesden Green, Alberta, Canada.
Degree: MS, 1989, McMaster University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11375/8643
► The Lower Cretaceous Viking Formation is a complex stratigraphic unit containing a variety of geographically separated sand bodies of varying orientation, thickness and lithology.…
(more)
▼ The Lower Cretaceous Viking Formation is a complex stratigraphic unit containing a variety of geographically separated sand bodies of varying orientation, thickness and lithology. Many of these sand bodies are prolific hydrocarbon reservoirs which have been extensively drilled by industry. Despite this fact, their origins and interelationships are largely unknown. Establishment of a Viking Allostratigraphy in the Willesden Green area (1) allows the recognition of distinct allomembers based on bounding discontinuities and facies associations, and (2) determines the exact stratigraphic relationships and depositional histories of the Viking oil and gas fields as defined by basin-wide sea level fluctuations. Detailed core and log correlations indicate that in the Willesden Green area, the Viking Formation is made up of 4 distinct packages of sediment separated by 3 major stratigraphic breaks. The lower most package is regional in extent, and consists of three gradational coarsening-upward cyclic offshore mudstone/siltstone sequences (Members A and B). At Willesden Green, Member B is erosively incised by a major unconformable scour surface (VE2 - Viking Erosion surface 2) filled with conglomerate-rich channel/estuarine sediments (Member C). The VE2 incision was carved during an initial Viking lowstand, and infilled during a temporary stillstand in the ensuing transgression. The top of Member C is erosively truncated by a regionally tracable pebble-mantled ravinement surface (VE3). Member D, a sandying-upward sequence of storm-dominated lower shoreface to transitional offshore sediments, overlies VE3, and records a second major Viking progradational event. This unit thickens southward, and can be traced laterally into correlative upper shoreface and nonmarine sediments at Caroline and Harmattan. The top of Member D is bevelled by a second basin-wide ravinement surface (VE4) which rises in a step-like fashion towards the south. This surface is mantled by a thin veneer of pebbles which locally accumulate to form the elongate shaleencased, conglomeratic shelf sand bodies of Member E. Member E gradationally passes upward into the silty shales of the Colorado Group and records a final transgressive flooding of the Viking basin.
Master of Science (MS)
Advisors/Committee Members: Walker, R.G., Geology.
Subjects/Keywords: Earth Sciences; Geology; Earth Sciences
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APA (6th Edition):
Boreen, D. T. (1989). Sedimentology, Stratigraphy, and Depositional History of the Lower Cretaceous Viking Formation at Willesden Green, Alberta, Canada. (Masters Thesis). McMaster University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11375/8643
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Boreen, Dale Thomas. “Sedimentology, Stratigraphy, and Depositional History of the Lower Cretaceous Viking Formation at Willesden Green, Alberta, Canada.” 1989. Masters Thesis, McMaster University. Accessed January 23, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/11375/8643.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Boreen, Dale Thomas. “Sedimentology, Stratigraphy, and Depositional History of the Lower Cretaceous Viking Formation at Willesden Green, Alberta, Canada.” 1989. Web. 23 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Boreen DT. Sedimentology, Stratigraphy, and Depositional History of the Lower Cretaceous Viking Formation at Willesden Green, Alberta, Canada. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. McMaster University; 1989. [cited 2021 Jan 23].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11375/8643.
Council of Science Editors:
Boreen DT. Sedimentology, Stratigraphy, and Depositional History of the Lower Cretaceous Viking Formation at Willesden Green, Alberta, Canada. [Masters Thesis]. McMaster University; 1989. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11375/8643
Florida State University
30.
Faulkner, Jonathan Allyn.
Laboratory Analog Study of Groundwater Flow and Solute Transport in a Karst Aquifer with Conduit and Matrix Domains.
Degree: MS, Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, 2008, Florida State University
URL: http://purl.flvc.org/fsu/fd/FSU_migr_etd-4493
;
► In this study, a laboratory analog is used to simulate the conduit and matrix domains of a Karst aquifer. The conduit domain is located at…
(more)
▼ In this study, a laboratory analog is used to simulate the conduit and matrix domains of a Karst aquifer. The conduit domain is located at the bottom of the transparent plexiglas laboratory analog and glass beads occupy the remaining space to represent the matrix domain. Water flows into and out of the two domains separately and each has its own supply and outflow reservoirs. Water and solute are exchanged through an interface between the two domains. Pressure transducers located within the matrix and conduit domains of the analog provide data that is processed and stored in digital format. Dye tracing experiments are recorded using time-lapse imaging. The data and images produced are analyzed by a spatial analysis program. The results present a plausible argument that laboratory analogs can characterize groundwater water flow, solute transport, and mass exchange between the conduit and matrix domains in a Karst aquifer. The analog affirms the predictions of a numerical model and demonstrates the need of laboratory analogs to provide verification of proposed theories and the calibration of mathematical models. Quantification of solute and water exchange between conduit and matrix domains is needed is for accurately modeling groundwater flow and transport processes and that information is provided by this experimental study.
A Thesis submitted to the Department of Geological Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science.
Fall Semester, 2008.
November 19, 2008.
Calibrate Numerical Model, Matrix Domain, Conduit Domain, Solute Transport, Groundwater Flow, Karst, Matrix, Conduit, Flow Cell, Laboratory Model, Bench Top Model, Hydrology, Laboratory Analog
Bill Hu, Professor Directing Thesis; Stephen Kish, Committee Member; James Tull, Committee Member.
Advisors/Committee Members: Bill Hu (professor directing thesis), Stephen Kish (committee member), James Tull (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Earth
sciences; Earth
sciences; Geology
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APA (6th Edition):
Faulkner, J. A. (2008). Laboratory Analog Study of Groundwater Flow and Solute Transport in a Karst Aquifer with Conduit and Matrix Domains. (Masters Thesis). Florida State University. Retrieved from http://purl.flvc.org/fsu/fd/FSU_migr_etd-4493 ;
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Faulkner, Jonathan Allyn. “Laboratory Analog Study of Groundwater Flow and Solute Transport in a Karst Aquifer with Conduit and Matrix Domains.” 2008. Masters Thesis, Florida State University. Accessed January 23, 2021.
http://purl.flvc.org/fsu/fd/FSU_migr_etd-4493 ;.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Faulkner, Jonathan Allyn. “Laboratory Analog Study of Groundwater Flow and Solute Transport in a Karst Aquifer with Conduit and Matrix Domains.” 2008. Web. 23 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Faulkner JA. Laboratory Analog Study of Groundwater Flow and Solute Transport in a Karst Aquifer with Conduit and Matrix Domains. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Florida State University; 2008. [cited 2021 Jan 23].
Available from: http://purl.flvc.org/fsu/fd/FSU_migr_etd-4493 ;.
Council of Science Editors:
Faulkner JA. Laboratory Analog Study of Groundwater Flow and Solute Transport in a Karst Aquifer with Conduit and Matrix Domains. [Masters Thesis]. Florida State University; 2008. Available from: http://purl.flvc.org/fsu/fd/FSU_migr_etd-4493 ;
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