You searched for subject:(Fungal).
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Universiteit Utrecht
1.
Gruntjes, T.
Molecular mechanisms behind fungal-fungal and fungal-bacterial interactions.
Degree: 2013, Universiteit Utrecht
URL: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/287992 
► Research on fungi has mostly focused on monocultures, however, fungi are almost always interacting with other fungi and bacteria in natural circumstances. Many such interactions…
(more)
▼ Research on fungi has mostly focused on monocultures, however, fungi are almost always interacting with other fungi and bacteria in natural circumstances. Many such interactions have been described, but knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying these interactions remains very limited. With the development of modern scientific techniques, more and more interactions of fungi with other microbes are beginning to be elucidated. This review will give an overview of research focusing on the molecular mechanisms behind these interactions, separated in two categories; molecular mechanisms underlying
fungal-fungal and
fungal-bacterial interactions that require direct contact and molecular mechanisms underlying interactions that are mediated by excretory molecules.
Advisors/Committee Members: Benoit, Dr. I..
Subjects/Keywords: Fungal-fungal interactions; Fungal-bacterial interactions.
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APA (6th Edition):
Gruntjes, T. (2013). Molecular mechanisms behind fungal-fungal and fungal-bacterial interactions. (Masters Thesis). Universiteit Utrecht. Retrieved from http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/287992
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Gruntjes, T. “Molecular mechanisms behind fungal-fungal and fungal-bacterial interactions.” 2013. Masters Thesis, Universiteit Utrecht. Accessed January 23, 2020.
http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/287992.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Gruntjes, T. “Molecular mechanisms behind fungal-fungal and fungal-bacterial interactions.” 2013. Web. 23 Jan 2020.
Vancouver:
Gruntjes T. Molecular mechanisms behind fungal-fungal and fungal-bacterial interactions. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Universiteit Utrecht; 2013. [cited 2020 Jan 23].
Available from: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/287992.
Council of Science Editors:
Gruntjes T. Molecular mechanisms behind fungal-fungal and fungal-bacterial interactions. [Masters Thesis]. Universiteit Utrecht; 2013. Available from: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/287992
University of Sydney
2.
LIU, Qi.
The link between Fungal nutrition and Fungal Phenotype
.
Degree: 2014, University of Sydney
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2123/12035
► Carbon and nitrogen are key macro-nutrients affecting growth and fitness particularly in heterotrophic organisms. A considerable body of evidence suggests that many organisms including mammals,…
(more)
▼ Carbon and nitrogen are key macro-nutrients affecting growth and fitness particularly in
heterotrophic organisms. A considerable body of evidence suggests that many organisms
including mammals, insects and slime moulds have a target intake that is optimal in the sense of
maximising growth or ecological fitness. In nutritionally heterogeneous environments, these
organisms show an ability to regulate the intake of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) compounds by
selecting different food types to reach the target ratio. This is now a major focus of research in
diet-related chronic disease in humans including obesity. Fungi are one of the most important
components of the terrestrial ecosystem, and play a key role in nutrient cycling, structural
genesis, water infiltration and carbon storage in soil. The manner in which the fungal phenotype
emerges in response to the complex nutritional environment of soil is fundamental to the
persistence of these functions across space and time. We explore the extent to which the fungal
phenotype can be understood in terms of a target ratio of C: N. We used the fungus Mucor
mucedo as the model species, and studies its growth in different nutrient regimes by varying the
C: N ratio, and including both organic and inorganic sources of nitrogen. There is evidence for a
target C: N ratio in a homogeneous environment, although growth rate remains high over a
relatively broad range in the ratio by comparison with other organisms. We attribute this to the
capacity of fungi to recycle and translocate internal sources of nutrients to regions of high
demand. In a heterogeneous environment, we provide evidence that this is the case, although
nitrogen is more readily translocated than carbon in this species. In this study, a comparison of
growth rate for different C: N ratios and nutrient concentrations indicates efficiency, the
amplitude of the oscillations is a measure of stability. This provides an important constraint for
our understanding of underlying regulatory pathways linking C and N to growth. A hyphal-level
II
model for fungal growth is developed to study the consequences of our findings for the
emergence of the fungal phenotype, and is used to generate new hypotheses for future testing.
Finally, a metabolic model is constructed that synthesises existing knowledge of carbon and
nitrogen pathways in cells. We built two versions of this network model corresponding to the
case of organic and inorganic sources of nitrogen respectively. Both models reproduced
oscillatory growth observed in the laboratory experiments and, consistent with observation, the
amplitude of the oscillations is positively correlated with the C: N ratio only for the inorganic N
version of the model. A peak C: N ratio for fungal growth is also only predicted for inorganic
sources of N, as we saw in the observed behaviour. The networks we built for this project may
be highly conserved across the kingdom of life, therefore the models may be broadly applicable
with certain modifications.
Subjects/Keywords: Fungal nutrition;
Fungal Phenotype
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APA (6th Edition):
LIU, Q. (2014). The link between Fungal nutrition and Fungal Phenotype
. (Thesis). University of Sydney. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2123/12035
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
LIU, Qi. “The link between Fungal nutrition and Fungal Phenotype
.” 2014. Thesis, University of Sydney. Accessed January 23, 2020.
http://hdl.handle.net/2123/12035.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
LIU, Qi. “The link between Fungal nutrition and Fungal Phenotype
.” 2014. Web. 23 Jan 2020.
Vancouver:
LIU Q. The link between Fungal nutrition and Fungal Phenotype
. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Sydney; 2014. [cited 2020 Jan 23].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2123/12035.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
LIU Q. The link between Fungal nutrition and Fungal Phenotype
. [Thesis]. University of Sydney; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2123/12035
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
3.
Hopkins, Steven Michael.
A hybrid mathematical model of fungal mycelia : tropisms, polarised growth and application to colony competition.
Degree: PhD, University of Glamorgan, 2012, University of South Wales
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10265/574
► Fungi are a crucial component of most ecosystems and are responsible for decomposing organic matter, distributing nutrients through the environment and supporting plants and animal…
(more)
▼ Fungi are a crucial component of most ecosystems and are responsible for decomposing organic
matter, distributing nutrients through the environment and supporting plants and animal life
through symbiotic relationships. Certain species of fungi are common pathogens causing disease
and infection in plants and animals. The highly integrated nature of fungi in relation to the
environment and all life emphasises the importance of developing a greater understanding of the
growth and morphology of such organisms.
Mathematical modelling has provided a means through which key processes can be isolated
to analyse and simulate a target system to allow observations and form predictions regarding
unknown phenomena. Numerous models of fungal colonies have been produced and are generally
categorised into two main groups; continuous and discrete. The following study combines the
approaches so that the constructed hybrid model comprises a discrete network that represents the
fungal mycelia and a continuous component to account for the continuous substrates and other compounds crucial to fungal growth and development. Key processes such as uptake, translocation
and anastomosis are included in addition to the implementation of a flexible hyphal orientation
scheme that facilitates a variety of tropisms to different influential factors.
The hybrid model is used to investigate several scenarios such as the polarisation of growth in
response to isolated nutrient resources, competition between multiple colonies and fungal development
and persistence in polluted environments. These investigations demonstrate the versatility
of the hybrid model and highlight the potential for further applications.
Subjects/Keywords: Fungal mycelia
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APA (6th Edition):
Hopkins, S. M. (2012). A hybrid mathematical model of fungal mycelia : tropisms, polarised growth and application to colony competition. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of South Wales. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10265/574
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Hopkins, Steven Michael. “A hybrid mathematical model of fungal mycelia : tropisms, polarised growth and application to colony competition.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, University of South Wales. Accessed January 23, 2020.
http://hdl.handle.net/10265/574.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Hopkins, Steven Michael. “A hybrid mathematical model of fungal mycelia : tropisms, polarised growth and application to colony competition.” 2012. Web. 23 Jan 2020.
Vancouver:
Hopkins SM. A hybrid mathematical model of fungal mycelia : tropisms, polarised growth and application to colony competition. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of South Wales; 2012. [cited 2020 Jan 23].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10265/574.
Council of Science Editors:
Hopkins SM. A hybrid mathematical model of fungal mycelia : tropisms, polarised growth and application to colony competition. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of South Wales; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10265/574
4.
Hopkins, Steven Michael.
A hybrid mathematical model of fungal mycelia : tropisms, polarised growth and application to colony competition.
Degree: PhD, 2011, University of South Wales
URL: https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/a-hybrid-mathematical-model-of-fungal-mycelia(e576adeb-72bb-4848-a1dd-e614075c485c).html
;
https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.543222
► Fungi are a crucial component of most ecosystems and are responsible for decomposing organic matter, distributing nutrients through the environment and supporting plants and animal…
(more)
▼ Fungi are a crucial component of most ecosystems and are responsible for decomposing organic matter, distributing nutrients through the environment and supporting plants and animal life through symbiotic relationships. Certain species of fungi are common pathogens causing disease and infection in plants and animals. The highly integrated nature of fungi in relation to the environment and all life emphasises the importance of developing a greater understanding of the growth and morphology of such organisms. Mathematical modelling has provided a means through which key processes can be isolated to analyse and simulate a target system to allow observations and form predictions regarding unknown phenomena. Numerous models of fungal colonies have been produced and are generally categorised into two main groups; continuous and discrete. The following study combines the approaches so that the constructed hybrid model comprises a discrete network that represents the fungal mycelia and a continuous component to account for the continuous substrates and other compounds crucial to fungal growth and development. Key processes such as uptake, translocation and anastomosis are included in addition to the implementation of a flexible hyphal orientation scheme that facilitates a variety of tropisms to different influential factors. The hybrid model is used to investigate several scenarios such as the polarisation of growth in response to isolated nutrient resources, competition between multiple colonies and fungal development and persistence in polluted environments. These investigations demonstrate the versatility of the hybrid model and highlight the potential for further applications.
Subjects/Keywords: 579.5; Fungal mycelia
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APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
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CSE |
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to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Hopkins, S. M. (2011). A hybrid mathematical model of fungal mycelia : tropisms, polarised growth and application to colony competition. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of South Wales. Retrieved from https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/a-hybrid-mathematical-model-of-fungal-mycelia(e576adeb-72bb-4848-a1dd-e614075c485c).html ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.543222
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Hopkins, Steven Michael. “A hybrid mathematical model of fungal mycelia : tropisms, polarised growth and application to colony competition.” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, University of South Wales. Accessed January 23, 2020.
https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/a-hybrid-mathematical-model-of-fungal-mycelia(e576adeb-72bb-4848-a1dd-e614075c485c).html ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.543222.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Hopkins, Steven Michael. “A hybrid mathematical model of fungal mycelia : tropisms, polarised growth and application to colony competition.” 2011. Web. 23 Jan 2020.
Vancouver:
Hopkins SM. A hybrid mathematical model of fungal mycelia : tropisms, polarised growth and application to colony competition. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of South Wales; 2011. [cited 2020 Jan 23].
Available from: https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/a-hybrid-mathematical-model-of-fungal-mycelia(e576adeb-72bb-4848-a1dd-e614075c485c).html ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.543222.
Council of Science Editors:
Hopkins SM. A hybrid mathematical model of fungal mycelia : tropisms, polarised growth and application to colony competition. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of South Wales; 2011. Available from: https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/a-hybrid-mathematical-model-of-fungal-mycelia(e576adeb-72bb-4848-a1dd-e614075c485c).html ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.543222
Youngstown State University
5.
Price, Eric C.
Genotypic and Phenotypic Characterization of
<i>Penicillium marneffei</i> Mutants Produced by
<i>Agrobacterium</i>-Mediated Transformation.
Degree: MSin Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, 2012, Youngstown State University
URL: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1341255805
► The dimorphic fungus <i>Penicillium marneffei</i> is an etiological agent of penicillosis and the third leading cause of AIDS related death in Southeast Asia. This…
(more)
▼ The dimorphic fungus <i>Penicillium
marneffei</i> is an etiological agent of penicillosis and the
third leading cause of AIDS related death in Southeast Asia. This
fungus is unique to <i>Penicillium</i> species in that
it displays thermal dimorphism. Specifically, at 25°C <i>P.
marneffei</i> grows as a filamentous mold, whereas at 37°C
hyphae or conidia differentiate into fission yeast.
One of the key factors to this organism’s
pathogenicity is the dimorphic switch that it performs in vivo to
establish an infection. Mutagenesis with focus on morphology has
been used to discover certain pathways linked to dimorphism in
<i>P. marneffei</i>. The technique of
<i>Agrobacterium</i>-mediated transformation was used
to produce random T-DNA insertion mutants. From this prior work,
two mutants with outward phenotypic defects were chosen to be
characterized. Initially, the mutants were characterized
phenotypically by slide culture techniques to note any differences
in morphology as compared to the wild type at 25°C and 37°C. The
disrupted genes of each mutant were identified by amplification of
the flanking regions of the T-DNA insertion through inverse PCR and
sequencing. These results indicated that mutant I209 possessed a
defect in the septin gene, designated <i>aspC</i>,
whereas the mutation in the second mutant, strain I219, was found
to be in the gene encoding 3-methylcrotonyl CoA carboxylase (MccB).
The expression of the interrupted gene in mutant I209 was verified
using RT-PCR. Verification of a single T-DNA insertion was
confirmed by Southern blot analysis.
Advisors/Committee Members: Cooper Jr., Chester R. (Advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Biology; fungal genomics; fungal dimorphism; agrobacterium-mediated transformation; fungal pathogens
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APA ·
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to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Price, E. C. (2012). Genotypic and Phenotypic Characterization of
<i>Penicillium marneffei</i> Mutants Produced by
<i>Agrobacterium</i>-Mediated Transformation. (Masters Thesis). Youngstown State University. Retrieved from http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1341255805
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Price, Eric C. “Genotypic and Phenotypic Characterization of
<i>Penicillium marneffei</i> Mutants Produced by
<i>Agrobacterium</i>-Mediated Transformation.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Youngstown State University. Accessed January 23, 2020.
http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1341255805.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Price, Eric C. “Genotypic and Phenotypic Characterization of
<i>Penicillium marneffei</i> Mutants Produced by
<i>Agrobacterium</i>-Mediated Transformation.” 2012. Web. 23 Jan 2020.
Vancouver:
Price EC. Genotypic and Phenotypic Characterization of
<i>Penicillium marneffei</i> Mutants Produced by
<i>Agrobacterium</i>-Mediated Transformation. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Youngstown State University; 2012. [cited 2020 Jan 23].
Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1341255805.
Council of Science Editors:
Price EC. Genotypic and Phenotypic Characterization of
<i>Penicillium marneffei</i> Mutants Produced by
<i>Agrobacterium</i>-Mediated Transformation. [Masters Thesis]. Youngstown State University; 2012. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1341255805
Duke University
6.
Esher, Shannon.
Mechanisms of Protein Localization in Cryptococcus neoformans Mediate Virulence and Immune Recognition
.
Degree: 2018, Duke University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10161/16829
► Cryptococcus neoformans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that causes significant disease and death in immunocompromised populations, in particular among those with advanced HIV infection.…
(more)
▼ Cryptococcus neoformans is an opportunistic
fungal pathogen that causes significant disease and death in immunocompromised populations, in particular among those with advanced HIV infection. This fungus is found ubiquitously in the environment and acquired through inhalation into the respiratory tract followed by dissemination to the central nervous system in immunocompromised individuals. The ability for C. neoformans to sense and adapt to the host environment is crucial to its success as a pathogen. Many C. neoformans proteins require proper subcellular localization for their function, and as such this fungus carefully regulates the localization of proteins involved in important cellular processes related to host adaptation.
Fungal growth and morphogenesis, as well as thermotolerance and virulence are controlled by conserved Ras-like GTPases. These proteins require proper localization for full function and are directed to cellular membranes through the posttranslational modification process known as prenylation. Using the tools of
fungal genetics and molecular biology, we establish that the C. neoformans RAM1 gene encoding the farnesyltransferase -subunit is required for thermotolerance and pathogenesis. We also identified and characterized post-prenylation protease and carboxyl methyltransferase enzymes in C. neoformans, demonstrating that these later steps have only subtle effects on stress response and
fungal virulence. By fluorescent microscopy and molecular biology, we show that Ram1 is required for proper subcellular localization of Ras1, but not Cdc42, and that the post-prenylation processing steps are dispensable for the localization of these substrate proteins. C. neoformans dramatically alters its cell wall upon entering the host in order to facilitate immune avoidance. Using the tools of forward genetics, we identified a novel cell wall regulatory protein, Mar1. We have demonstrated that this protein is required for capsule attachment and full virulence in mouse models of infection. Using staining and biochemical techniques, we have characterized the cell wall of mar1∆ mutant cells, and by fluorescent microscopy we have demonstrated that the -(1,3)-glucan synthase catalytic subunit, Fks1, is mislocalized in mar1∆ cells. Using in vitro co-culture models, we have determined that the mar1∆ cell wall induces increased macrophage activation that is dependent on the Card9 and MyD88 adaptor proteins, as well as the Dectin-1 and TLR-2 pattern recognition receptors. To further understand the impact of the Mar1 protein on the host-pathogen interaction, we used in vivo mouse models to characterize the pathogenesis and immune response to this strain. Using histopathology and light microscopy, we have shown that mar1∆ cells induce granulomas in the lungs of infected mice, an in in vitro co-culture models we have demonstrated that the mar1∆ strain induces increased markers angiogenesis. Finally using immunization strategies, we show that the mar1∆ strain does not induce a protective response…
Advisors/Committee Members: Alspaugh, J Andrew (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Microbiology;
Genetics;
Molecular biology;
Cell wall;
Cryptococcus neoformans;
Fungal genetics;
Fungal immunology;
Fungal pathogenesis;
Prenylation
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APA ·
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Esher, S. (2018). Mechanisms of Protein Localization in Cryptococcus neoformans Mediate Virulence and Immune Recognition
. (Thesis). Duke University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10161/16829
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Esher, Shannon. “Mechanisms of Protein Localization in Cryptococcus neoformans Mediate Virulence and Immune Recognition
.” 2018. Thesis, Duke University. Accessed January 23, 2020.
http://hdl.handle.net/10161/16829.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Esher, Shannon. “Mechanisms of Protein Localization in Cryptococcus neoformans Mediate Virulence and Immune Recognition
.” 2018. Web. 23 Jan 2020.
Vancouver:
Esher S. Mechanisms of Protein Localization in Cryptococcus neoformans Mediate Virulence and Immune Recognition
. [Internet] [Thesis]. Duke University; 2018. [cited 2020 Jan 23].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10161/16829.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Esher S. Mechanisms of Protein Localization in Cryptococcus neoformans Mediate Virulence and Immune Recognition
. [Thesis]. Duke University; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10161/16829
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Oregon State University
7.
Hill, David E. (David Edwin) 1954-.
Approaches to the total synthesis of verrucarol.
Degree: PhD, Chemistry, 1986, Oregon State University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/40110
► Verrucarol is the sesquiterpene portion of a number of macrocyclic di- and triesters of potential medicinal importance. In this study, a novel approach to the…
(more)
▼ Verrucarol is the sesquiterpene portion of a number of macrocyclic di- and triesters
of potential medicinal importance. In this study, a novel approach to the synthesis of
this
fungal metabolite is presented.
An A-B-C route was investigated in which C-3 and C-4 of the C-ring were emplaced
using a [2+2] photocycloaddition reaction between acetylene or ketene dimethyl acetal
and an A-B ring synthon such as cis-3-Acetoxy-4a-carbomethoxy-4-methy1-7,7-
ethylenedioxy-4a,5,6,7,8,8a-hexahydrocoumarin (121). The photoaddition reactions
were not successful in cases where the A-B ring synthon was substituted at the 3-
position but otherwise proceeded in approximately 70% yield to give single
stereoisomers of the desired cyclobutenes or cyclobutanes.
Ring expansion of these photoadducts to afford the trichothecene skeleton was
attempted using several methodologies. In one attempt, cis-anti-cis-6,6,- Dimethoxy-
7-methy1-8-carbomethoxy-11,11-ethylenedioxy-2-oxatricyclo[6.4.0.0⁴'⁷]dodec-3-one
(133) was subjected to potassium pyrosulfate in refluxing xylene in a variation of the
Cargill reaction. This reaction proceeded by an alternative mechanism to yield bicyclobutane
137. Other attempted ring expansions on similar lactones or lactol derivatives
also failed to afford the desired ring skeleton.
Advisors/Committee Members: White, James D. (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Fungal metabolites
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APA ·
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Hill, D. E. (. E. 1. (1986). Approaches to the total synthesis of verrucarol. (Doctoral Dissertation). Oregon State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1957/40110
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Hill, David E (David Edwin) 1954-. “Approaches to the total synthesis of verrucarol.” 1986. Doctoral Dissertation, Oregon State University. Accessed January 23, 2020.
http://hdl.handle.net/1957/40110.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Hill, David E (David Edwin) 1954-. “Approaches to the total synthesis of verrucarol.” 1986. Web. 23 Jan 2020.
Vancouver:
Hill DE(E1. Approaches to the total synthesis of verrucarol. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Oregon State University; 1986. [cited 2020 Jan 23].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/40110.
Council of Science Editors:
Hill DE(E1. Approaches to the total synthesis of verrucarol. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Oregon State University; 1986. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/40110
University of Aberdeen
8.
Mackenzie, Ashleigh.
The role of Rhynchosporium commune cell wall components in cell wall integrity and pathogenicity.
Degree: PhD, 2014, University of Aberdeen
URL: http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=225718
;
http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.646091
► Rhynchosporium commune is one of the most destructive pathogens of barley worldwide. It can cause crop yield losses of up to 40% in the UK…
(more)
▼ Rhynchosporium commune is one of the most destructive pathogens of barley worldwide. It can cause crop yield losses of up to 40% in the UK and decrease in grain quality. Populations of R. commune can change rapidly, defeating new barley resistance (R) genes and fungicides after just a few seasons of their use. Fungicide use is one of the major modes of management of Rhynchosporium and is heavily relied on the agricultural industry. Fungicides that were effective in the past are no longer effective in controlling the disease and many are only effective when used in mixtures. Beyond the currently effective fungicides there is limited new chemistry available so there is a very real need for development in this area. In pathogenic fungi, the cell wall components play a key role in the establishment of pathogenesis. The cell wall forms the outer structure protecting the fungus from the host defence mechanisms. It is involved in initiating the direct contact with the host cells by adhering to their surface. The fungal cell wall also contains important antigens and other compounds modulating host immune responses. R. commune germinated conidia and interaction transcriptome sequencing generated a list of over 30 different cell wall proteins (CWPs) potentially involved in pathogenicity. R. commune genome and interaction transcriptome sequencing provided further information about the extent of CWP families as well as a subset of genes expressed during barley colonisation by R. commune. The use of bioinformatic techniques allowed for the analysis of gene sequences. Putative cell wall associated genes were compared to the sequences from the fungal database via sequence similarity, sequence alignments 15 and conserved domain searches to better understand their function. Phylogenetic analysis also allowed us to understand the evolutionary relationship between R. commune genes and related genes in other organisms. Transcription profiling of R. commune CWPs during the development of infection helped to prioritise them for functional characterisation. Targeted gene disruption unfortunately did not yield mutants but has furthered our understanding of this technique in R. commune for future attempts. Functional complementation was successful however and allowed the uncovering of the function of RSA9. The results show that R. commune RSA9 functions as an allantoicase, an enzyme which breaks down purines as a source of nitrogen when conditions are nitrogen limited. The use of chemical cell wall inhibitors allowed us to better understand the role of carbohydrate cell wall components in R. commune fitness and virulence. Inhibition of cellulose production by DCB showed reduced growth, germination and pathogenicity of R. commune. Similar results were observed when beta-glucan synthesis was impaired; as inhibitor concentration increased, growth and germination of the fungus decreased. The composition of R. commune cell wall was also uncovered during this research. Techniques such as HPLC and FTIR eluded the composition of monosaccharides and…
Subjects/Keywords: 579; Rhynchosporium; Fungal cell walls
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APA (6th Edition):
Mackenzie, A. (2014). The role of Rhynchosporium commune cell wall components in cell wall integrity and pathogenicity. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Aberdeen. Retrieved from http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=225718 ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.646091
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Mackenzie, Ashleigh. “The role of Rhynchosporium commune cell wall components in cell wall integrity and pathogenicity.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Aberdeen. Accessed January 23, 2020.
http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=225718 ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.646091.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Mackenzie, Ashleigh. “The role of Rhynchosporium commune cell wall components in cell wall integrity and pathogenicity.” 2014. Web. 23 Jan 2020.
Vancouver:
Mackenzie A. The role of Rhynchosporium commune cell wall components in cell wall integrity and pathogenicity. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Aberdeen; 2014. [cited 2020 Jan 23].
Available from: http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=225718 ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.646091.
Council of Science Editors:
Mackenzie A. The role of Rhynchosporium commune cell wall components in cell wall integrity and pathogenicity. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Aberdeen; 2014. Available from: http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=225718 ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.646091
9.
Bradley, Devon J.
Causes and consequences of microbial diversity: from marshes
to model systems.
Degree: PhD, Division of Biology and Medicine. Ecological and
Evolutionary Biology, 2008, Brown University
URL: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:19/
► I investigated factors that influence microbial diversity and composition and the consequences of this diversity for plant communities. First, I used cloning and sequencing of…
(more)
▼ I investigated factors that influence microbial
diversity and composition and the consequences of this diversity
for plant communities. First, I used cloning and sequencing of
ribosomal RNA genes to describe patterns of
fungal diversity and
composition in three marshes along an estuarine salinity gradient
in both the presence and absence of plants.
Fungal diversity peaked
at intermediate salinities and
fungal composition was significantly
different in all three marshes. The presence of plants had a strong
affect on
fungal diversity such that diversity was higher in
association with plants than in bare sediments. Second, I
investigated the influence of nitrogen and phosphorus availability
on
fungal community composition in a salt marsh over three seasons
using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism. Season and
nutrient enrichment influenced
fungal composition. Specifically,
both phosphorus and nitrogen plus phosphorus significantly altered
fungal composition, but nitrogen alone did not. Finally, I examined
how pathogens and heterogenous resources promoted diversity in a
plant community. Both
fungal and bacterial pathogens maintained the
diversity of a four-species plant community over five generations.
The influence of pathogens on plant diversity was five and a half
times greater than the influence of nutrient heterogeneity.
Pathogens maintained diversity through a novel mechanism; rare
plant species produced more seeds when infected through a
compensatory response. Overall, my research demonstrates that while
microbial diversity may be influenced by some of the same factors
that control the diversity of plants and animals, the consequences
of this diversity may have unpredictable affects on other
organisms.
Advisors/Committee Members: Bertness, Mark (director), Martiny, Jennifer (reader), Schmitt, Johanna (reader), Witman, Jon (reader).
Subjects/Keywords: fungal diversity
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APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
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APA (6th Edition):
Bradley, D. J. (2008). Causes and consequences of microbial diversity: from marshes
to model systems. (Doctoral Dissertation). Brown University. Retrieved from https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:19/
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Bradley, Devon J. “Causes and consequences of microbial diversity: from marshes
to model systems.” 2008. Doctoral Dissertation, Brown University. Accessed January 23, 2020.
https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:19/.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Bradley, Devon J. “Causes and consequences of microbial diversity: from marshes
to model systems.” 2008. Web. 23 Jan 2020.
Vancouver:
Bradley DJ. Causes and consequences of microbial diversity: from marshes
to model systems. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Brown University; 2008. [cited 2020 Jan 23].
Available from: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:19/.
Council of Science Editors:
Bradley DJ. Causes and consequences of microbial diversity: from marshes
to model systems. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Brown University; 2008. Available from: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:19/
University of Pretoria
10.
Suleiman, M.M. (Mohammed Musa).
The in vitro and
in vivo biological activities of antifungal compounds isolated from
Loxostylis alata A.Spreng. ex Rchb. leaf extracts.
Degree: Paraclinical Sciences, 2010, University of Pretoria
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/28481
► The main aim of this study was to find a plant extract or isolated compound that could be used to combat aspergillosis in animals. Aspergillus…
(more)
▼ The main aim of this study was to find a plant extract or
isolated compound that could be used to combat aspergillosis in
animals. Aspergillus fumigatus is one of the most common pathogenic
fungal species in humans and animals. A. fumigatus is also an
economically important fungus in the poultry industry. Current
treatment of the disease is hampered by drug resistance of the
organism to conventional antifungals and also its widespread
toxicity to the animals. Seven tree species that had good
antifungal activity against Cryptococcus neoformans in the
Phytomedicine Programme database were selected for further work.
These tree species were: Combretum vendae A.E. van Wyk
(Combretaceae), Commiphora harveyi (Engl.) Engl. (Burseraceae),
Khaya anthotheca (Welm.) C.DC (Meliaceae), Kirkia wilmsii Engl.
(Kirkiaceae), Loxostylis alata A. Spreng. ex Rchb. (Anacardiaceae),
Ochna natalitia (Meisn.) Walp. (Ochnaceae) and Protorhus longifolia
(Bernh. Ex C. Krauss) Engl. (Anacardiaceae). The antimicrobial
activity of leaf extracts of the selected plant species were
determined against four important nosocomial bacteria
(Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli and
Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and five important animal fungi
(Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans,
Microsporum canis and Sporothrix schenckii) using a serial
microplate dilution method. The minimal inhibitory concentrations
(MIC), of an acetone extract of Loxostylis alata was the lowest
against Aspergillus fumigatus with an MIC value of 0.05 mg/ml. The
number of antifungal compounds in extracts was determined by
bioautography. The acetone extract of L. alata had the most active
zones (10). The antioxidant, antiplatelet and cytotoxic effects of
the seven plant species were evaluated using established in vitro
assays. All the extracts had comparably low toxicity except for the
extract of C. harveyi that had high haemagluttination assay titre
value, which indicates toxicity. The extracts of P. longifolia, K.
wilmsii, O. natalitia, L. alata, C. harveyi and C. vendae contained
antioxidant compounds in the qualitative assay using DPPH. In the
quantification of antioxidation using ABTS, only the extracts of P.
longifolia, L. alata, and C. vendae had substantial antioxidant
activity with respective TEAC value of 1.39, 1.94 and 2.08.
Similarly, in the quantitative DPPH assay, L. alata. (EC50, 3.58 ±
0.23 μg/ml) and K. wilmsii (EC50, 3.57 ± 0.41 μg/ml) did not differ
significantly (p ≤ 0.05) from the positive control (L-ascorbic
acid). K. anthotheca had a much lower antioxidant activity
(EC<su>50 176.40 ± 26.56 μg/ml), and differed significantly
(p ≤ 0.05) from all the other extracts and control. In addition,
the extract of C. vendae and C. harveyi had significant (p ≤ 0.05)
antiplatelet activity and did not differ from the control (aspirin)
with EC50 of 0.06 ± 0.01 μg/ml, 0.19 ± 0.00 μg/ml, respectively.
Lower EC50 values in the antioxidant and antiplatelet studies are
indicative of superior activity of the plant extract against
oxidation…
Advisors/Committee Members: Naidoo, Vinny (advisor), Eloff, Jacobus Nicolaas (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Aspergillus
fumigatus; Fungal
species;
UCTD
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APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Suleiman, M. M. (. M. (2010). The in vitro and
in vivo biological activities of antifungal compounds isolated from
Loxostylis alata A.Spreng. ex Rchb. leaf extracts. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Pretoria. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2263/28481
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Suleiman, M M (Mohammed Musa). “The in vitro and
in vivo biological activities of antifungal compounds isolated from
Loxostylis alata A.Spreng. ex Rchb. leaf extracts.” 2010. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Pretoria. Accessed January 23, 2020.
http://hdl.handle.net/2263/28481.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Suleiman, M M (Mohammed Musa). “The in vitro and
in vivo biological activities of antifungal compounds isolated from
Loxostylis alata A.Spreng. ex Rchb. leaf extracts.” 2010. Web. 23 Jan 2020.
Vancouver:
Suleiman MM(M. The in vitro and
in vivo biological activities of antifungal compounds isolated from
Loxostylis alata A.Spreng. ex Rchb. leaf extracts. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Pretoria; 2010. [cited 2020 Jan 23].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/28481.
Council of Science Editors:
Suleiman MM(M. The in vitro and
in vivo biological activities of antifungal compounds isolated from
Loxostylis alata A.Spreng. ex Rchb. leaf extracts. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Pretoria; 2010. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/28481
Addis Ababa University
11.
GEBREABIEZGI, TEKLEBIRHAN.
PREVALENCE OF DERMATOPHYTES AND NON-DERMATOPHYTE FUNGAL INFECTION AMONG PATIENTS VISITING DERMATOLOGY CLINIC, AT TIKUR ANBESSA HOSPITAL, ADDIS ABABA, ETHIOPIA.
Degree: 2014, Addis Ababa University
URL: http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/5375
► Abstract Back ground: Dermatomycosis is a common fungal infection that constitutes public health problem among humans and animals worldwide, including Ethiopia. Though it is a…
(more)
▼ Abstract
Back ground: Dermatomycosis is a common
fungal infection that constitutes public health
problem among humans and animals worldwide, including Ethiopia. Though it is a trivial
disease, its psychological effect and morbidity in terms of loss of time and treatment cost is
considerable.
Objective: To describe the most dominant clinical manifestation, the dominant fungi implicated
as a cause of dermatomycosis and determine the prevalence of dermatophytes, non-
dermatophyte fungi and yeasts collected from clinical samples suspected of dermatomycosis.
Material and methods: a cross sectional descriptive study design from January to May, 2014
was conducted at Tikur Anbessa Hospital. Scrapings from skin nail and scalp of 305 study
participants was collected by employing standard routine microbiological techniques. A portion
of each sample was placed on a slide and a drop of an aqueous solution of 10% (w/v) potassium
hydroxide, was added. After 5 minutes, the wet mount was examined under low (X10) and high
(X40) power magnification for the presence of
fungal elements. The remaining portion of each
clinical sample was cultured irrespective of the negative or positive direct microscopic
examination results. Each sample was streaked on two plates of Sabouraud’s dextrose agar (SDA)
with chloramphenicol and SDA, with chloramphenicol and cychloheximide which were prepared
according to the manufacture’s instruction. All inoculated plates were then incubated at inverted
position for 4-6 weeks at 25-30
0
C aerobically. Incubated plates were examined twice a week for
any
fungal growth. Colonies suspected of dermatophytes were sub-cultured into potato dextrose
agar for the production of spores. Mold isolates were identified by examining macroscopic and
microscopic characteristics of their colony. Microscopic identification of mold isolates was
performed by placing pieces cultures from SDA and/or PDA to clean microscopic slide and
staining with lactophenol cotton blue. After placing a cover slip, each preparation was observed
microscopically. Yeast identification, C. albicans was differentiated from other yeasts by germ
tube production. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20 software.
Result: A total of 305, study participants were enrolled in the present study of which 97 (31.8%)
were males and 208 (68.2%) females. The ages of study subjects ranged from 1 to 80 year with a
mean age of 26 years. Out of the 305 study subjects,
fungal species were detected (direct
microscopy) in 166 (54.4%) of clinical samples while 242(79.3%) clinical samples were culture
positive. Sixteen clinical samples that were culture negative were positive by direct microscopy.
The three predominant clinical manifestation were tinea ungium accounting 156(51.1%) of
iii
clinical manifestations of which 119 (76.3%) were in females and 37(23.7%) in males. This was
followed by tinea capitis accounting 61 (20%) of which 37 (60.7%) in females and 24 (39.3%) in
males followed tinea corporis accounting 33(10.8%) of…
Advisors/Committee Members: ADANE BITEW (MSc, PhD) (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: DERMATOPHYTES; NON-DERMATOPHYTE FUNGAL INFECTION
Record Details
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APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
GEBREABIEZGI, T. (2014). PREVALENCE OF DERMATOPHYTES AND NON-DERMATOPHYTE FUNGAL INFECTION AMONG PATIENTS VISITING DERMATOLOGY CLINIC, AT TIKUR ANBESSA HOSPITAL, ADDIS ABABA, ETHIOPIA.
(Thesis). Addis Ababa University. Retrieved from http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/5375
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
GEBREABIEZGI, TEKLEBIRHAN. “PREVALENCE OF DERMATOPHYTES AND NON-DERMATOPHYTE FUNGAL INFECTION AMONG PATIENTS VISITING DERMATOLOGY CLINIC, AT TIKUR ANBESSA HOSPITAL, ADDIS ABABA, ETHIOPIA.
” 2014. Thesis, Addis Ababa University. Accessed January 23, 2020.
http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/5375.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
GEBREABIEZGI, TEKLEBIRHAN. “PREVALENCE OF DERMATOPHYTES AND NON-DERMATOPHYTE FUNGAL INFECTION AMONG PATIENTS VISITING DERMATOLOGY CLINIC, AT TIKUR ANBESSA HOSPITAL, ADDIS ABABA, ETHIOPIA.
” 2014. Web. 23 Jan 2020.
Vancouver:
GEBREABIEZGI T. PREVALENCE OF DERMATOPHYTES AND NON-DERMATOPHYTE FUNGAL INFECTION AMONG PATIENTS VISITING DERMATOLOGY CLINIC, AT TIKUR ANBESSA HOSPITAL, ADDIS ABABA, ETHIOPIA.
[Internet] [Thesis]. Addis Ababa University; 2014. [cited 2020 Jan 23].
Available from: http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/5375.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
GEBREABIEZGI T. PREVALENCE OF DERMATOPHYTES AND NON-DERMATOPHYTE FUNGAL INFECTION AMONG PATIENTS VISITING DERMATOLOGY CLINIC, AT TIKUR ANBESSA HOSPITAL, ADDIS ABABA, ETHIOPIA.
[Thesis]. Addis Ababa University; 2014. Available from: http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/5375
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Addis Ababa University
12.
Birhan, Moges.
Species Distribution and In vitro Antifungal Susceptibility of Oropharyngeal Yeast Isolates from HIV Patients in Zewditu Memorial Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
.
Degree: 2014, Addis Ababa University
URL: http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/5681
► Background: Oropharyngeal Candidiasis (OPC) is the most frequent opportunistic fungal infection of the oral cavity in HIV infected patients. OPC is associated with increased morbidity…
(more)
▼ Background: Oropharyngeal Candidiasis (OPC) is the most frequent opportunistic
fungal
infection of the oral cavity in HIV infected patients. OPC is associated with increased
morbidity and mortality in immunosuppressed patients. However, data on Species distribution
and antifungal susceptibility profiles of yeast isolated from HIV-infected patients in Ethiopia is
limited.
Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the spectrum of Oropharyngeal yeast
isolates from HIV patients and to evaluate antifungal drug susceptibility profile of yeast
isolates to commonly used antifungal drugs.
Method: A cross sectional study was conducted in Zewditu Memorial Hospital, Addis Ababa.
Oral swabs were collected from 224 HIV patients and cultured on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar
with chloramphenicol. All the isolates were characterized to a species level following standard
microbiological techniques. The antifungal susceptibility profiles of all yeast were determined
using disk diffusion method.
Result: Of 224 HIV patients screened, 139 (62.1%) were colonized by yeasts. The rate of
colonization is higher in patients that non HAART than HAART initiated (72.3% versus
51.8%). A total of 155 yeasts were isolated of which 153 (98.7%) were accounted by Candida
consisting of five species and 2(1.3%) non-candida yeasts. Out of all isolates C. albicans was
the most frequently isolated species accounting 68.4% followed by C. glabrata (15.5%) and C.
tropicalis (11%). The Antifungal susceptibility pattern of the yeast isolates for Fluconazole,
ketoconazole, Amphotericin B, Clotrimazole, Nystatin and Miconazole showed a resistance of
12.3%, 8.4%, 5.8%, 2.6%, 1.3%, and 0.6% respectively. C. albicans were 5.7% resistant to
ketoconazole and 6.6% resistant to Fluconazole. C. glabrata and C. tropicalis were 12.5% and
17.6% resistant to ketoconazole and 16.6% and 35.3% resistant to fluconazole respectively.
vii
Conclusion: The spectrum of yeast isolated in the present study was relatively high even if C.
albicans was the predominantly isolated yeast. The results of this study also revealed that
development of drug resistance by yeast isolates were considerable. Isolation, characterization
and evaluating drug susceptibility pattern of the isolates in this hospital in particular and in health institutions through out of the country in general is recommended.
Advisors/Committee Members: Adane Bitew (MSc, PhD) (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Oropharyngeal Candidiasis (OPC); fungal infection
Record Details
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Birhan, M. (2014). Species Distribution and In vitro Antifungal Susceptibility of Oropharyngeal Yeast Isolates from HIV Patients in Zewditu Memorial Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
. (Thesis). Addis Ababa University. Retrieved from http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/5681
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Birhan, Moges. “Species Distribution and In vitro Antifungal Susceptibility of Oropharyngeal Yeast Isolates from HIV Patients in Zewditu Memorial Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
.” 2014. Thesis, Addis Ababa University. Accessed January 23, 2020.
http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/5681.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Birhan, Moges. “Species Distribution and In vitro Antifungal Susceptibility of Oropharyngeal Yeast Isolates from HIV Patients in Zewditu Memorial Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
.” 2014. Web. 23 Jan 2020.
Vancouver:
Birhan M. Species Distribution and In vitro Antifungal Susceptibility of Oropharyngeal Yeast Isolates from HIV Patients in Zewditu Memorial Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
. [Internet] [Thesis]. Addis Ababa University; 2014. [cited 2020 Jan 23].
Available from: http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/5681.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Birhan M. Species Distribution and In vitro Antifungal Susceptibility of Oropharyngeal Yeast Isolates from HIV Patients in Zewditu Memorial Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
. [Thesis]. Addis Ababa University; 2014. Available from: http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/5681
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of Pretoria
13.
Suleiman, M.M. (Mohammed Musa).
The in vitro and in vivo biological activities of
antifungal compounds isolated from Loxostylis alata A.Spreng. ex
Rchb. leaf extracts
.
Degree: 2010, University of Pretoria
URL: http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-10062010-203419/
► The main aim of this study was to find a plant extract or isolated compound that could be used to combat aspergillosis in animals. Aspergillus…
(more)
▼ The main aim of this study was to find a plant
extract or isolated compound that could be used to combat
aspergillosis in animals. Aspergillus fumigatus is one of the most
common pathogenic
fungal species in humans and animals. A.
fumigatus is also an economically important fungus in the poultry
industry. Current treatment of the disease is hampered by drug
resistance of the organism to conventional antifungals and also its
widespread toxicity to the animals. Seven tree species that had
good antifungal activity against Cryptococcus neoformans in the
Phytomedicine Programme database were selected for further work.
These tree species were: Combretum vendae A.E. van Wyk
(Combretaceae), Commiphora harveyi (Engl.) Engl. (Burseraceae),
Khaya anthotheca (Welm.) C.DC (Meliaceae), Kirkia wilmsii Engl.
(Kirkiaceae), Loxostylis alata A. Spreng. ex Rchb. (Anacardiaceae),
Ochna natalitia (Meisn.) Walp. (Ochnaceae) and Protorhus longifolia
(Bernh. Ex C. Krauss) Engl. (Anacardiaceae). The antimicrobial
activity of leaf extracts of the selected plant species were
determined against four important nosocomial bacteria
(Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli and
Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and five important animal fungi
(Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans,
Microsporum canis and Sporothrix schenckii) using a serial
microplate dilution method. The minimal inhibitory concentrations
(MIC), of an acetone extract of Loxostylis alata was the lowest
against Aspergillus fumigatus with an MIC value of 0.05 mg/ml. The
number of antifungal compounds in extracts was determined by
bioautography. The acetone extract of L. alata had the most active
zones (10). The antioxidant, antiplatelet and cytotoxic effects of
the seven plant species were evaluated using established in vitro
assays. All the extracts had comparably low toxicity except for the
extract of C. harveyi that had high haemagluttination assay titre
value, which indicates toxicity. The extracts of P. longifolia, K.
wilmsii, O. natalitia, L. alata, C. harveyi and C. vendae contained
antioxidant compounds in the qualitative assay using DPPH. In the
quantification of antioxidation using ABTS, only the extracts of P.
longifolia, L. alata, and C. vendae had substantial antioxidant
activity with respective TEAC value of 1.39, 1.94 and 2.08.
Similarly, in the quantitative DPPH assay, L. alata. (EC50, 3.58 ±
0.23 μg/ml) and K. wilmsii (EC50, 3.57 ± 0.41 μg/ml) did not differ
significantly (p ≤ 0.05) from the positive control (L-ascorbic
acid). K. anthotheca had a much lower antioxidant activity
(EC<su>50 176.40 ± 26.56 μg/ml), and differed significantly
(p ≤ 0.05) from all the other extracts and control. In addition,
the extract of C. vendae and C. harveyi had significant (p ≤ 0.05)
antiplatelet activity and did not differ from the control (aspirin)
with EC50 of 0.06 ± 0.01 μg/ml, 0.19 ± 0.00 μg/ml, respectively.
Lower EC50 values in the antioxidant and antiplatelet studies are
indicative of superior activity of the plant extract against
oxidation…
Advisors/Committee Members: Naidoo, Vinny (advisor), Eloff, Jacobus Nicolaas (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Aspergillus fumigatus;
Fungal species;
UCTD
Record Details
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APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Suleiman, M. M. (. M. (2010). The in vitro and in vivo biological activities of
antifungal compounds isolated from Loxostylis alata A.Spreng. ex
Rchb. leaf extracts
. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Pretoria. Retrieved from http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-10062010-203419/
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Suleiman, M M (Mohammed Musa). “The in vitro and in vivo biological activities of
antifungal compounds isolated from Loxostylis alata A.Spreng. ex
Rchb. leaf extracts
.” 2010. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Pretoria. Accessed January 23, 2020.
http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-10062010-203419/.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Suleiman, M M (Mohammed Musa). “The in vitro and in vivo biological activities of
antifungal compounds isolated from Loxostylis alata A.Spreng. ex
Rchb. leaf extracts
.” 2010. Web. 23 Jan 2020.
Vancouver:
Suleiman MM(M. The in vitro and in vivo biological activities of
antifungal compounds isolated from Loxostylis alata A.Spreng. ex
Rchb. leaf extracts
. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Pretoria; 2010. [cited 2020 Jan 23].
Available from: http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-10062010-203419/.
Council of Science Editors:
Suleiman MM(M. The in vitro and in vivo biological activities of
antifungal compounds isolated from Loxostylis alata A.Spreng. ex
Rchb. leaf extracts
. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Pretoria; 2010. Available from: http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-10062010-203419/
University of Cincinnati
14.
Indugula, Reshmi.
Fungal Exposure and Development of Autoimmune
Disorders.
Degree: MS, Medicine: Immunology, 2017, University of Cincinnati
URL: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1505124409594398
► Over the past decade there has been an alarming increase in prevalence of autoimmune diseases worldwide. They occur as a result of body’s inability to…
(more)
▼ Over the past decade there has been an alarming
increase in prevalence of autoimmune diseases worldwide. They occur
as a result of body’s inability to distinguish between self and
non-self. Exposure to environmental microbes can play a crucial
role in induction of these diseases. While controlled and targeted
immune response is essential to eliminate microbial infection,
uncontrolled and inappropriate immune response leads to autoimmune
disorders. This review focuses on immune response to fungi and how
fungal exposure can lead to autoimmune disorders. Despite
disturbing health effects associated to fugal exposure, no
standardized exposure limits or threshold limit value has been
established yet. The nature and ubiquity of
fungal materials makes
it difficult to study exposure-disease relationships.
Advisors/Committee Members: Lewkowich, Ian Paul (Committee Chair).
Subjects/Keywords: Immunology; Fungal exposure; Autoimmune disorders
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APA (6th Edition):
Indugula, R. (2017). Fungal Exposure and Development of Autoimmune
Disorders. (Masters Thesis). University of Cincinnati. Retrieved from http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1505124409594398
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Indugula, Reshmi. “Fungal Exposure and Development of Autoimmune
Disorders.” 2017. Masters Thesis, University of Cincinnati. Accessed January 23, 2020.
http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1505124409594398.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Indugula, Reshmi. “Fungal Exposure and Development of Autoimmune
Disorders.” 2017. Web. 23 Jan 2020.
Vancouver:
Indugula R. Fungal Exposure and Development of Autoimmune
Disorders. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Cincinnati; 2017. [cited 2020 Jan 23].
Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1505124409594398.
Council of Science Editors:
Indugula R. Fungal Exposure and Development of Autoimmune
Disorders. [Masters Thesis]. University of Cincinnati; 2017. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1505124409594398
Oregon State University
15.
Chen, Rui, 1963-.
Isolation of protoplasts from selected wood degrading fungi and their uses in studying fungicidal action.
Degree: MS, Forest Products, 1992, Oregon State University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/18322
► Studies of physiological effects of fungicides on fungi are critical for understanding modes of action and mechanism of resistance; however, studies are difficult to perform…
(more)
▼ Studies of physiological effects of fungicides on fungi are critical for understanding
modes of action and mechanism of resistance; however, studies are difficult to perform
on filamentous fungi because of the inability to produce homogeneous a biological
system using a mass of mycelium. Moreover, the presence of rigid cell wall can limit
uptake of chemicals. An alternative approach is to produce protoplasts. A method for
isolating protoplasts from common wood-degrading fungi Phanerochatechrysosporium,
Postia placenta, Gloeophyllum trabeum, and Trametes versicolor with Novozyme 234
is descibed. Generally, protoplasts were more readily isolated from younger hyphae,
while regeneration was better with older hyphae.
Fungicidal action was evaluated against Trametes versicolor and Postia placenta
using both protoplasts and cell fragments. Generally, similar inhibitory effects were
observed with cell viability, glucose utilization, cell respiration, permeability, and copper absorption bioassays. Although protoplasts showed a higher sensitivity to
toxicants, this sensitivity was limited compared to that of plant protoplasts. The loss of
vulnerable, senescing cells, alteration of some properties of protoplasts during or after
lytic enzyme digestion, or biocide absorption by non-viable protoplasts might result in
reduced sensitivity of protoplasts to chemicals. The results suggests that further studies
are required to delineate more fully the optimum conditions for physiological activity
of protoplasts before the full effectivness of the system can be exploited for biocidal
action research.
Advisors/Committee Members: Morrell, Jeffrey J. (advisor), Simonsen, John (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Fungal protoplasts
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APA (6th Edition):
Chen, Rui, 1. (1992). Isolation of protoplasts from selected wood degrading fungi and their uses in studying fungicidal action. (Masters Thesis). Oregon State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1957/18322
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Chen, Rui, 1963-. “Isolation of protoplasts from selected wood degrading fungi and their uses in studying fungicidal action.” 1992. Masters Thesis, Oregon State University. Accessed January 23, 2020.
http://hdl.handle.net/1957/18322.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Chen, Rui, 1963-. “Isolation of protoplasts from selected wood degrading fungi and their uses in studying fungicidal action.” 1992. Web. 23 Jan 2020.
Vancouver:
Chen, Rui 1. Isolation of protoplasts from selected wood degrading fungi and their uses in studying fungicidal action. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Oregon State University; 1992. [cited 2020 Jan 23].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/18322.
Council of Science Editors:
Chen, Rui 1. Isolation of protoplasts from selected wood degrading fungi and their uses in studying fungicidal action. [Masters Thesis]. Oregon State University; 1992. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/18322
Cranfield University
16.
Parra, Roberto.
Optimization of bioprocess design for pharmaceutical metabolites and enzymes.
Degree: PhD, Cranfield University at Silsoe; Institute of BioScience and Technology, 2004, Cranfield University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1826/782
► This study examines the effect of ecophysiology on growth of cells and production of enzymes and secondary metabolites produced by the fungi Aspergillus niger (lysozyme)…
(more)
▼ This study examines the effect of ecophysiology on growth of cells and production of enzymes and secondary metabolites produced by the fungi Aspergillus niger (lysozyme) and a Phoma sp. (squalestatin S1). The effect of interactions of water activity (aw) (0.99-0.90), temperature (20, 30 and 35°C) and modifying aw solute (glycerol, NaCl) on growth and sporulation of a wild type strain of Aspergillus niger (W) and two genetically engineered lysozyme producing strains (L11, B1) was examined for the first time. Maximum growth rates were achieved for both strains (L11 and B1) under moderate aw levels. Optimum conditions for growth of strain L11 were estimated by means of contour plot surfaces and found to be 0.965 aw with glycerol as a solute at 35ºC (10.5 mm day-1). A model combining the effect of aw and temperature on growth of strains of Aspergillus niger, and comparison with data on food spoilage moulds in the literature was developed. The growth of two strains of A. niger, as a function of temperature (25-30 °C) and aw (0.90-0.99) was developed. The estimation of the minimum aw (awmin) and optimal aw (awopt) levels were in accordance with data in the literature for a range of other Aspergillus and related species, regardless of the solutes used for aw modification. A central composition design was used to describe the effects of water activity (aw, 0.98, 0.97 and 0.96), inoculum size (2.7x105, 2.7x104 and 2.7x103 spores ml-1), and three autoclaving procedure (A = all components autoclaved together, B = medium autoclaved + maltose filtered and, C = medium autoclaved + maltose & soya milk filtered) on the production of lysozyme by two genetically-engineered strains of Aspergillus niger (B1 and L11) in a liquid culture fermentation. Although both strains produced similar lysozyme concentrations (15 mg l-1), different production patterns were found under the experimental conditions. However, strain B1 produced relatively higher amounts of lysozyme under water stress (0.96 aw) with all the substrates autoclaved together. Subsequently, a central composition design was used to investigate: different immobilized polymer types (alginate and pectate), polymer concentration (2 and 4% (w/v)), inoculum support ratios (1:2 and 1:4) and gel-inducing agent concentration (CaCl2, 2 and 3.5% (w/v)) on lysozyme production. Overall immobilization in Ca-pectate resulted in higher lysozyme production compared to immobilization in Ca-alginate. Similar effects were observed when the polymer concentration was reduced. A 13 fold higher lysozyme production was achieved with Ca-pectate in comparison to Ca-alginate (20-23 and 0.5-1.7 mg l-1 respectively). Polymer modifications also significantly affected the final pH and aw of the immobilized cell fermentation. The aw factor is a very significant parameter in the immobilization design. A combined statistical methodology of orthogonal design L27(313) and surface response methodology was applied to optimize the composition and concentration of a liquid fermentation medium for the production of…
Subjects/Keywords: Fungal growth
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APA (6th Edition):
Parra, R. (2004). Optimization of bioprocess design for pharmaceutical metabolites and enzymes. (Doctoral Dissertation). Cranfield University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1826/782
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Parra, Roberto. “Optimization of bioprocess design for pharmaceutical metabolites and enzymes.” 2004. Doctoral Dissertation, Cranfield University. Accessed January 23, 2020.
http://hdl.handle.net/1826/782.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Parra, Roberto. “Optimization of bioprocess design for pharmaceutical metabolites and enzymes.” 2004. Web. 23 Jan 2020.
Vancouver:
Parra R. Optimization of bioprocess design for pharmaceutical metabolites and enzymes. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Cranfield University; 2004. [cited 2020 Jan 23].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1826/782.
Council of Science Editors:
Parra R. Optimization of bioprocess design for pharmaceutical metabolites and enzymes. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Cranfield University; 2004. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1826/782
University of Manitoba
17.
Karuppiah, Kannan.
Detection of fungal infection in pulses using near infrared (NIR) hyperspectral imaging.
Degree: Biosystems Engineering, 2015, University of Manitoba
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1993/30773
► Pulses are a major source of human protein intake nowadays and will continue to be so because of their high protein content. Pulse crops are…
(more)
▼ Pulses are a major source of human protein intake nowadays and will continue to be so because of their high protein content. Pulse crops are members of the family Leguminosae. The five major pulse crops grown in Canada are chick peas, green peas, lentils, pinto bean and kidney beans. Over the past 20 years, Canada has emerged as the world’s largest exporter of lentils and one of world’s top five exporters of beans. These contribute more than $2 billion income to the Canadian economy. The major causes of
fungal infection in these pulses are Aspergillus flavus and Penicillium commune. Early stages of
fungal infections in pulses are not detectable with human eyes. Near infrared (NIR) hyperspectral imaging system is an advanced technique widely used for detection of insect infestation and
fungal infection in cereal grains and oil seeds. A typical NIR instrument captures images across the electromagnetic spectrum at evenly spaced wavelengths from 700 to 2500 nm (a system at the University of Manitoba captures images in the 960 nm to 1700 nm range). From the captured images, the spatial relationships for different spectra in the neighborhood can be found allowing more elaborate spectral-spatial methods for a more accurate classification of the images. The primary objective of this study was to assess the feasibility of the NIR hyperspectral system to identify
fungal infections in pulses. Hyperspectral images of healthy and
fungal infected chick peas, green peas, lentils, pinto bean and kidney beans were acquired and features (statistical and histogram) were used to develop classification models to identify
fungal infection caused by Aspergillus flavus and Penicillium commune. Images of healthy and
fungal infected kernels were acquired at 2 week intervals (0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 weeks from artificial inoculation).
Six-way (healthy vs the five different stages of infection) and two-way (healthy vs every stage of infection) models were developed and classifications were done using linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA) classifiers. The LDA classifier identified with 90-94% accuracy while using the six-way model, and with 98-100% accuracy when using the two-way models for all five types of pulses and for both types of
fungal infections. The QDA classifier also showed promising results as it identified 85-90% while using the six-way model and 96-100% when using the two-way models. Hence, hyperspectral imaging is a promising and non-destructive method for the rapid detection of
fungal infections in pulses, which cannot be detected using human eyes.
Advisors/Committee Members: Jayas, Digvir (Biosystems Engineering) (supervisor), White, Noel (Biosystems Engineering) .
Subjects/Keywords: Hyperspectral imaging; fungal infection; pulses
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APA (6th Edition):
Karuppiah, K. (2015). Detection of fungal infection in pulses using near infrared (NIR) hyperspectral imaging. (Masters Thesis). University of Manitoba. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1993/30773
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Karuppiah, Kannan. “Detection of fungal infection in pulses using near infrared (NIR) hyperspectral imaging.” 2015. Masters Thesis, University of Manitoba. Accessed January 23, 2020.
http://hdl.handle.net/1993/30773.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Karuppiah, Kannan. “Detection of fungal infection in pulses using near infrared (NIR) hyperspectral imaging.” 2015. Web. 23 Jan 2020.
Vancouver:
Karuppiah K. Detection of fungal infection in pulses using near infrared (NIR) hyperspectral imaging. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Manitoba; 2015. [cited 2020 Jan 23].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1993/30773.
Council of Science Editors:
Karuppiah K. Detection of fungal infection in pulses using near infrared (NIR) hyperspectral imaging. [Masters Thesis]. University of Manitoba; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1993/30773
University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
18.
Huerta, Carlos, Jr.
Structure and Mechanism of a Eukaryotic FMN Adenylyltransferase.
Degree: 2010, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2152.5/218
► Flavin mononucleotide adenylyltransferase (FMNAT) catalyzes the formation of the essential flavocoenzyme FAD and plays an important role in flavocoenzyme homeostasis regulation. By sequence comparison, bacterial…
(more)
▼ Flavin mononucleotide adenylyltransferase (FMNAT) catalyzes the formation of the essential flavocoenzyme FAD and plays an important role in flavocoenzyme homeostasis regulation. By sequence comparison, bacterial and eukaryotic FMNAT enzymes belong to two different protein superfamilies and apparently utilize different set of active site residues to accomplish the same chemistry. Extensive biochemical studies from endogenous bacterial and mammalian FMNATs using FMN analogs and various cations have suggested that the architectures of the substrate binding and catalytic sites are different. Sequence comparison reveals that eukaryotic FMNAT is related to the PAPS reductase-like family, which belongs to the adenine nucleotide α hydrolase-like superfamily. Despite the classification of eukaryotic FMNAT, the residues involved in substrate binding and catalysis are not completely known, as eukaryotic FMNAT has no sequence similarity to other known flavin binding proteins. To determine the unique flavin binding site, and to investigate the residues involved in substrate binding and the mechanism of catalysis, we utilized X-ray crystallography and biochemical methods.
Here we report the first structural characterization of a eukaryotic FMNAT from a pathogenic yeast Candida glabrata (CgFMNAT). Four crystal structures of CgFMNAT in different complexed forms were determined at resolutions between 1.20-1.95 Å, capturing the enzyme active site states prior to and after catalysis. These structures reveal a novel flavin-binding mode and a unique enzyme-bound FAD conformation. Comparison of the bacterial and eukaryotic FMNAT provides a structural basis for understanding the convergent evolution of the same FMNAT activity from different protein ancestors. The different complexed forms of CgFMNAT allowed a structure-based investigation into the kinetic properties of eukaryotic FMNAT, whereby two "supermutants" were identified from mutagenic analysis. The steady-state kinetics and product inhibition properties of the two "supermutants" provided a basis for understanding the regulatory mechanisms of FAD homeostasis by FMNAT in eukaryotic organisms.
Advisors/Committee Members: Zhang, Hong.
Subjects/Keywords: Fungal Proteins; Candida glabrata; Nucleotidyltransferases
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APA (6th Edition):
Huerta, Carlos, J. (2010). Structure and Mechanism of a Eukaryotic FMN Adenylyltransferase. (Thesis). University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2152.5/218
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Huerta, Carlos, Jr. “Structure and Mechanism of a Eukaryotic FMN Adenylyltransferase.” 2010. Thesis, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center. Accessed January 23, 2020.
http://hdl.handle.net/2152.5/218.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Huerta, Carlos, Jr. “Structure and Mechanism of a Eukaryotic FMN Adenylyltransferase.” 2010. Web. 23 Jan 2020.
Vancouver:
Huerta, Carlos J. Structure and Mechanism of a Eukaryotic FMN Adenylyltransferase. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; 2010. [cited 2020 Jan 23].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2152.5/218.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Huerta, Carlos J. Structure and Mechanism of a Eukaryotic FMN Adenylyltransferase. [Thesis]. University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; 2010. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2152.5/218
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
19.
Semeiks, Jeremy Raymond.
On Two Problems in Comparative Genomics of Eukaryotes.
Degree: 2013, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2152.5/ETD-UTSWMED-2015-05-94
► The recent advent of whole-genome sequencing allows us to use novel comparative methods to explore the genetic bases for traits of interest. Here, I present…
(more)
▼ The recent advent of whole-genome sequencing allows us to use novel comparative methods to explore the genetic bases for traits of interest. Here, I present two case studies of such methods applied to eukaryote genomes.
The first study regards the evolution of longevity in the mammalian proteome. Evolutionary theory suggests that the force of natural selection decreases with age. To explore the extent to which this prediction directly affects protein structure and function, I used computational methods to identify positions of proteins conserved in long-lived but not in short-lived mammal species. I analyzed 7,590 orthologous protein families in 33 mammalian species, accounting for body mass, phylogeny, and species-specific mutation rate. Overall, I found that the number of longevity-selected positions in the mammalian proteome is much greater than would be expected by chance. Further, these positions are enriched in domains of several proteins that interact with one another in inflammation and other aging-related processes, as well as in organismal development. I present as an example the kinase domain of anti-Müllerian hormone type-2 receptor (AMHR2). AMHR2 inhibits ovarian follicle recruitment and growth, and my results show that its longevity-selected positions cluster near a SNP associated with delayed human menopause. Distinct from its canonical role in development, this region of AMHR2 may function to regulate the protein's activity in a lifespan-specific manner.
The second study concerns the genetic basis for toxin production in the black mold genus Stachybotrys, which produces several diverse toxins that can damage human health. Its strains comprise two mutually-exclusive toxin chemotypes, one producing satratoxins (a subclass of trichothecenes) and the other producing the less-toxic atranones. To determine the genetic bases for chemotype-specific differences in toxin production, I sequenced and assembled de novo four Stachybotrys genomes, including two from atranone strains and two from satratoxin strains. Comparative analysis of these four 35-Mbp genomes revealed several chemotype-specific gene clusters that are predicted to make atranones and satratoxins, based on several lines of evidence. I show that chemotype-specific gene clusters are likely the genetic basis for the mutually-exclusive toxin chemotypes of Stachybotrys. I then present a unified biochemical model for Stachybotrys toxin production.
Advisors/Committee Members: Albanesi, Joseph P., Grishin, Nick V., Cowell, Lindsay G., Otwinowski, Zbyszek, Wright, Woodring E..
Subjects/Keywords: Genes, Fungal; Multigene Family; Stachybotrys
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APA ·
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Semeiks, J. R. (2013). On Two Problems in Comparative Genomics of Eukaryotes. (Thesis). University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2152.5/ETD-UTSWMED-2015-05-94
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Semeiks, Jeremy Raymond. “On Two Problems in Comparative Genomics of Eukaryotes.” 2013. Thesis, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center. Accessed January 23, 2020.
http://hdl.handle.net/2152.5/ETD-UTSWMED-2015-05-94.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Semeiks, Jeremy Raymond. “On Two Problems in Comparative Genomics of Eukaryotes.” 2013. Web. 23 Jan 2020.
Vancouver:
Semeiks JR. On Two Problems in Comparative Genomics of Eukaryotes. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; 2013. [cited 2020 Jan 23].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2152.5/ETD-UTSWMED-2015-05-94.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Semeiks JR. On Two Problems in Comparative Genomics of Eukaryotes. [Thesis]. University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2152.5/ETD-UTSWMED-2015-05-94
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of Guelph
20.
de la Cerda, Karla Adriana.
Morphological And Pathogenic Analyses Of Varieties Of Waitea Circinata And Their Rhizoctonia Anamorphs
.
Degree: 2011, University of Guelph
URL: https://atrium.lib.uoguelph.ca/xmlui/handle/10214/3034
► The species complex, Waitea circinata (WC) has been currently divided into five cultural types: var. circinata, var. oryzae, var. zeae, var. agrostis, and var. prodigus.…
(more)
▼ The species complex, Waitea circinata (WC) has been currently divided into five cultural types: var. circinata, var. oryzae, var. zeae, var. agrostis, and var. prodigus. These divisions are currently based on differences in their sclerotial morphology which have been supported by differences in their internal transcribed spacer region. Physiological differences such as optimal growth temperature, and morphological and pathogenic analyses as well as molecular biological techniques, were used to examine a broad WC collection coming from different geographic regions, and different susceptible hosts. The pathogenic examination showed that WC varieties are not host specific and can successfully infect both turfgrasses and cereals. Phylogenetic trees based on Neighbor-joining (NJ) and Maximum likelihood (ML) methods for three genomic regions (ITS, beta-tubulin, IGS1) showed support for only three of the five WC cultural types that have been described, namely Waitea circinata var. circinata, var. oryzae and var. zeae."
Advisors/Committee Members: Hsiang, Tom (advisor), Thorn, Greg (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Fungal;
Rhizoctonia;
Pathogenicity;
Taxonomy;
Phylogenetics
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APA (6th Edition):
de la Cerda, K. A. (2011). Morphological And Pathogenic Analyses Of Varieties Of Waitea Circinata And Their Rhizoctonia Anamorphs
. (Thesis). University of Guelph. Retrieved from https://atrium.lib.uoguelph.ca/xmlui/handle/10214/3034
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
de la Cerda, Karla Adriana. “Morphological And Pathogenic Analyses Of Varieties Of Waitea Circinata And Their Rhizoctonia Anamorphs
.” 2011. Thesis, University of Guelph. Accessed January 23, 2020.
https://atrium.lib.uoguelph.ca/xmlui/handle/10214/3034.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
de la Cerda, Karla Adriana. “Morphological And Pathogenic Analyses Of Varieties Of Waitea Circinata And Their Rhizoctonia Anamorphs
.” 2011. Web. 23 Jan 2020.
Vancouver:
de la Cerda KA. Morphological And Pathogenic Analyses Of Varieties Of Waitea Circinata And Their Rhizoctonia Anamorphs
. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Guelph; 2011. [cited 2020 Jan 23].
Available from: https://atrium.lib.uoguelph.ca/xmlui/handle/10214/3034.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
de la Cerda KA. Morphological And Pathogenic Analyses Of Varieties Of Waitea Circinata And Their Rhizoctonia Anamorphs
. [Thesis]. University of Guelph; 2011. Available from: https://atrium.lib.uoguelph.ca/xmlui/handle/10214/3034
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of Guelph
21.
Fan, Ying.
SPECTROSCOPIC STUDIES OF NOVEL MICROBIAL RHODOPSINS FROM FUNGI AND BACTERIA
.
Degree: 2011, University of Guelph
URL: https://atrium.lib.uoguelph.ca/xmlui/handle/10214/2924
► Microbial rhodopsins are widespread bacteriorhodopsin-like proteins found in many prokaryotes and lower eukaryotic groups. They serve as photosensors, light-driven ion pumps, and light-gated channels. The…
(more)
▼ Microbial rhodopsins are widespread bacteriorhodopsin-like proteins found in many prokaryotes and lower eukaryotic groups. They serve as photosensors, light-driven ion pumps, and light-gated channels. The main goal of this thesis was to spectroscopically characterize a new subgroup of
fungal rhodopsins (so-called auxiliary group) and a new type of rhodopsin found in flavobacteria. Towards the first goal, products of two known rhodopsin genes from the
fungal wheat pathogen, Phaeosphaeria nodorum, were investigated. The two yeast-expressed Phaeosphaeria rhodopsins were spectroscopically characterized by Raman, time-resolved visible and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and shown many similarities: absorption spectra, conformation of the retinal chromophore, fast photocycling, and carboxylic acid protonation changes. It is likely that both Phaeosphaeria rhodopsins are proton-pumping, at least in vitro. We suggest that auxiliary rhodopsins have separated from their ancestors fairly recently and have acquired the ability to interact with as yet unidentified transducers, performing a photosensory function without changing their spectral properties and basic photochemistry. In the second project, we studied a flavobacterial rhodopsin with highly unusual sequence, which was functionally expressed in E.coli by our collaborators and produced light-induced pH changes in the spheroplast suspensions, suggesting an inward H+ transport. Using time-resolved visible spectroscopy, we revealed that its photochemical reaction cycle was fast and strongly dependent on cations. Analysis of the sequence alignments, combined with visible and FTIR spectroscopic studies of the wild-type and mutant flavobacterial rhodopsin, provided the clues for the mechanism of binding metal ions and origin of the observed light-induced pH changes. Finally, isotope labeling protocol, previously used for soluble secreted proteins, was successfully implemented and optimized to produce homogeneous samples of eukaryotic rhodopsin from Leptosphaeria in methylotrophic yeast. Isotope-labeling extent and functionality were verified by FTIR spectroscopy, and obtained samples gave high-resolution ssNMR spectra suitable for structural studies. This protocol for overexpression of isotope-labeled multi-spanning eukaryotic membrane proteins in Pichia pastoris can be adopted for challenging mammalian targets, which often resist characterization by other structural methods.
Advisors/Committee Members: Brown, Leonid (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: microbial rhodopsin;
fungal;
flavobacteria;
spectroscopy
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APA (6th Edition):
Fan, Y. (2011). SPECTROSCOPIC STUDIES OF NOVEL MICROBIAL RHODOPSINS FROM FUNGI AND BACTERIA
. (Thesis). University of Guelph. Retrieved from https://atrium.lib.uoguelph.ca/xmlui/handle/10214/2924
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Fan, Ying. “SPECTROSCOPIC STUDIES OF NOVEL MICROBIAL RHODOPSINS FROM FUNGI AND BACTERIA
.” 2011. Thesis, University of Guelph. Accessed January 23, 2020.
https://atrium.lib.uoguelph.ca/xmlui/handle/10214/2924.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Fan, Ying. “SPECTROSCOPIC STUDIES OF NOVEL MICROBIAL RHODOPSINS FROM FUNGI AND BACTERIA
.” 2011. Web. 23 Jan 2020.
Vancouver:
Fan Y. SPECTROSCOPIC STUDIES OF NOVEL MICROBIAL RHODOPSINS FROM FUNGI AND BACTERIA
. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Guelph; 2011. [cited 2020 Jan 23].
Available from: https://atrium.lib.uoguelph.ca/xmlui/handle/10214/2924.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Fan Y. SPECTROSCOPIC STUDIES OF NOVEL MICROBIAL RHODOPSINS FROM FUNGI AND BACTERIA
. [Thesis]. University of Guelph; 2011. Available from: https://atrium.lib.uoguelph.ca/xmlui/handle/10214/2924
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of Sydney
22.
Zhang, Ning.
Quantification of the proliferation of soil fungi in three dimensions using micro-computer aided tomography
.
Degree: 2015, University of Sydney
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2123/13691
► Good soil structure is important for sustaining agricultural production and preserving functions of the soil ecosystem. Soil aggregation is a critically important component of soil…
(more)
▼ Good soil structure is important for sustaining agricultural production and preserving functions of the soil ecosystem. Soil aggregation is a critically important component of soil structure. Stable aggregates enable water infiltration, gas exchange for biological activities of plant roots and microorganisms, living space and surfaces for soil microbes, and contribute to stabilization of organic matter and storage of organic carbon (OC) in soil. Soil aggregation process involves fine roots, organic matter and fungal hyphae. Hyphal proliferation is essential for soil aggregation, and sequestration of OC in soil.
Organic materials and available phosphorus are two of the major factors that influence fungi in soil. Organic materials are a source of energy for saprotrophic microbes and fungal hyphae may increase in the presence of organic matter. Phosphorus is an important element usually found depleted in soil ecosystems. The low availability of phosphorus may limit the biological activity of microbes. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AM) benefit plants by delivering phosphorus to the root system. However, the density and the length of hyphae of AM fungi do not appear to be increased by available phosphorus.
We do not yet have a mechanism to directly quantify the density of hyphae in soil. A number of indirect methods have been used to visualize distribution of fungi in soil. Reliable analyses of soil are limited because of the use of destructive harvests to gain information. Soils are fragile, and fragility limits opportunity for non-destructive analysis. The soil ecosystem is also complex. Soil particles are dense and the density obscures the visualization of fungal hyphae. Fungal hyphae are relatively fine and information at the small scale (<250 µm) is key to understanding how fungi respond to environmental stimuli. The experiments conducted here developed a new method for the observation of fungi and quantification of hyphae in three dimensions. The methods were first tested using a melanised saprotrophic fungus, 222A. The response of two AM fungi, Glomus mosseae and Glomus pellucidum, growing together to common environmental factors was then quantified. Hyphae were quantified in an artificial soil matrix over 6 week’s incubation using micro-computer aided tomography (microCT). MicroCT provides three dimensional images of mycelia within electron lucent materials and enables the visualization and quantification of hyphae. Starch stimulated proliferation of 222A after 2 weeks. Starch, and starch and K2HPO4, stimulated proliferation of hyphae of AM fungi after 3 and 6 weeks. K2HPO4 stimulated hyphal proliferation only after 3 weeks. The images also indicate that fungal hyphae grew appressed to the surfaces of the particles rather than through the spaces between the particles. The capacity to quantify hyphae in three-dimensional space allows a wide range of questions to now be addressed. Apart from studying mechanisms of carbon turnover, more complex processes may now be considered. Soil is commonly thought of as a…
Subjects/Keywords: microCT,;
polystyrene;
quantitative;
fungal proliferation
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APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
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CSE |
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APA (6th Edition):
Zhang, N. (2015). Quantification of the proliferation of soil fungi in three dimensions using micro-computer aided tomography
. (Thesis). University of Sydney. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2123/13691
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Zhang, Ning. “Quantification of the proliferation of soil fungi in three dimensions using micro-computer aided tomography
.” 2015. Thesis, University of Sydney. Accessed January 23, 2020.
http://hdl.handle.net/2123/13691.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Zhang, Ning. “Quantification of the proliferation of soil fungi in three dimensions using micro-computer aided tomography
.” 2015. Web. 23 Jan 2020.
Vancouver:
Zhang N. Quantification of the proliferation of soil fungi in three dimensions using micro-computer aided tomography
. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Sydney; 2015. [cited 2020 Jan 23].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2123/13691.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Zhang N. Quantification of the proliferation of soil fungi in three dimensions using micro-computer aided tomography
. [Thesis]. University of Sydney; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2123/13691
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of Sydney
23.
Leshinsky, Jana.
Pharmacokinetics of Caspofungin Acetate in Healthy Adult Cats
.
Degree: 2018, University of Sydney
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2123/18159
► Background Sino-orbital aspergillosis (SOA) is an invasive fungal infection with high mortality due to difficulty in its treatment. SOA is commonly caused by cryptic species…
(more)
▼ Background Sino-orbital aspergillosis (SOA) is an invasive fungal infection with high mortality due to difficulty in its treatment. SOA is commonly caused by cryptic species in Aspergillus section Fumigati that are often resistant to antifungal triazoles but susceptible to caspofungin. Caspofungin, an echinocandin, is indicated for the treatment of refractory invasive aspergillosis in humans and has been used successfully in cats with SOA. Pharmacokinetic data is lacking in cats. Aim To determine the pharmacokinetics of caspofungin acetate and determine optimal dosing for clinical use. Materials and Methods Eight adult healthy cats were administered caspofungin (1mg/kg IV) over 1hr (Day 1). Six cats subsequently received caspofungin daily for an additional 6 days. Blood was collected at various intervals after drug administration (Day 1), before the next dose (Days 2–7), and 24h after final dosing (Day 8). Plasma caspofungin levels were determined using HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry. Nonlinear mixed-effects pharmacokinetic modelling and simulation was used to investigate caspofungin population pharmacokinetics and explore dosing regimens in cats using caspofungin minimum effective concentrations (MECs). In the final pharmacokinetic model an optimum maximum concentration (Cmax):MEC ratio of 10-20 was used to guide caspofungin efficacy. Results Using a 1mg/kg dose Cmax was 14.8µg/mL, Cmax at steady state was 19.8µg/mL, Cmin was 5µg/mL and Cmax:MEC was >20 in 42.6% cats after multiple doses. An optimal Cmax:MEC ratio was achieved in caspofungin simulations using 0.75mg/kg q24h or 1mg/kg q72h. Conclusion Mean plasma caspofungin concentrations were >1.0g/ml for the duration of the sampling period, which exceeds the MIC effective against most Aspergillus species. Based on modelling data, a daily caspofungin dose of 0.75mg/kg q24h is likely to achieve target therapeutic concentrations, meet the proposed Cmax:MEC window and provide consistent exposure between doses.
Subjects/Keywords: Caspofungin;
Aspergillosis;
Cat;
Fungal Rhinitis
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APA ·
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CSE |
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Leshinsky, J. (2018). Pharmacokinetics of Caspofungin Acetate in Healthy Adult Cats
. (Thesis). University of Sydney. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2123/18159
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Leshinsky, Jana. “Pharmacokinetics of Caspofungin Acetate in Healthy Adult Cats
.” 2018. Thesis, University of Sydney. Accessed January 23, 2020.
http://hdl.handle.net/2123/18159.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Leshinsky, Jana. “Pharmacokinetics of Caspofungin Acetate in Healthy Adult Cats
.” 2018. Web. 23 Jan 2020.
Vancouver:
Leshinsky J. Pharmacokinetics of Caspofungin Acetate in Healthy Adult Cats
. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Sydney; 2018. [cited 2020 Jan 23].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2123/18159.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Leshinsky J. Pharmacokinetics of Caspofungin Acetate in Healthy Adult Cats
. [Thesis]. University of Sydney; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2123/18159
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
24.
Manzanares Miralles, Lara.
Investigating and exploiting fungal natural products in Aspergillus spp.
Degree: 2015, RIAN
URL: http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/7123/
► Gliotoxin (GT) is a redox-active natural product produced by some fungal species that contributes to the virulence of the human pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus. It contains…
(more)
▼ Gliotoxin (GT) is a redox-active natural product produced by some fungal species that contributes to the virulence of the human pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus. It contains a characteristic disulphide bridge responsible for the deleterious effects of this molecule. GT also displays antifungal properties, however the mechanisms of cytotoxicity behind it has not been fully characterised. The work presented here investigates A. niger as a model organism to understand GT cytotoxicity and reveal new metabolic systems, as it does not produce GT.
Comparative proteomics revealed that exposure of A. niger to exogenous GT resulted in a significant (p < 0.05) dysregulation of hundreds of proteins involved in several cellular processes, especially metabolism. Two putative S-adenosylmethionine (SAM)-dependent methyltransferases showed de novo abundance under GT conditions. In addition an increase in abundance of proteins involved in the methionine cycle was also observed. Analysis of methionine-related metabolites revealed significant increases in the levels of methionine and adenosine, in correlation with proteomic data. Moreover, proteomic data revealed a significant increase in the abundance of hydrolytic enzymes, including glycoside hydrolases (n = 22) and peptidases (n = 16) which have important applications in the biotechnology industry. A significant dysregulation of proteins involved in amino acid metabolism coupled to an increase in the levels of selected amino acids appeared to occur in A. niger under GT conditions. Furthermore this thesis reveals a novel protection mechanism in A. niger against GT which is mediated by one the methyltransferases (MTases) identified on the proteomic data. This MTase (referred as MT-II) is responsible for bisthiobis(methylthio)gliotoxin (BmGT) formation and deletion of MT-II led to increased GT sensitivity in A. niger.
The applications of other fungal natural products like siderophores (Fusarinine C), are also evaluated herein. The development and validation of a Fusarinine C based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was carried out. Results showed the potential applications of this ELISA in the diagnosis of aspergillus related diseases. Overall, this work highlights the different roles and applications fungal natural products have.
Subjects/Keywords: fungal natural products; aspergillus spp.
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APA (6th Edition):
Manzanares Miralles, L. (2015). Investigating and exploiting fungal natural products in Aspergillus spp. (Thesis). RIAN. Retrieved from http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/7123/
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Manzanares Miralles, Lara. “Investigating and exploiting fungal natural products in Aspergillus spp.” 2015. Thesis, RIAN. Accessed January 23, 2020.
http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/7123/.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Manzanares Miralles, Lara. “Investigating and exploiting fungal natural products in Aspergillus spp.” 2015. Web. 23 Jan 2020.
Vancouver:
Manzanares Miralles L. Investigating and exploiting fungal natural products in Aspergillus spp. [Internet] [Thesis]. RIAN; 2015. [cited 2020 Jan 23].
Available from: http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/7123/.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Manzanares Miralles L. Investigating and exploiting fungal natural products in Aspergillus spp. [Thesis]. RIAN; 2015. Available from: http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/7123/
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
25.
Prasad, Kalyani.
Transgenic groundnut with resistance to fungal pathogens
(Foliar diseases of Groundnut); -.
Degree: Biotechnology, 2011, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University
URL: http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/4511
► The late leaf spot (LLS) disease caused by Phaeoisariopsis personata (Berk. And Curt.) Van Arx, and rust caused by Puccinia arachidis Speg. are economically important…
(more)
▼ The late leaf spot (LLS) disease caused by
Phaeoisariopsis personata (Berk. And Curt.) Van Arx, and rust
caused by Puccinia arachidis Speg. are economically important
foliar fungal diseases of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). The
annual losses caused by LLS and rust are over US 599 m and US 467
m, respectively. The development of groundnut germplasm with
durable resistance to these fungal pathogens would provide the most
effective and viable option for crop improvement. Here we report
enhanced fungal resistance in groundnut by introducing a
constitutively expressed rice chitinase gene (Rchit) with
anti-fungal properties that have been shown to play significant
role in plant defense by degrading the chitin of fungal cell walls.
Over 75 independently transformed transgenic events were developed
with the popular groundnut varieties JL 24, ICGV 89104 and ICGV
86031 through Agrobacterium -mediated genetic transformation by
using the cotyledon explants from mature imbibed seeds. The
transgenic plants were characterized at the molecular level for
gene integration, copy number and expression of the transgene.
Several transgenic events showed about 2- to 14-fold higher level
of chitinase activity than the untransformed controls. The
transgenic events showing high level of chitinase activity were
selected for in vitro seed colonization with A. flavus. Seeds of
transgenic events showing 0-10% A. flavus infection were advanced
to subsequent generations and fungal bioassays for late leaf spot
and rust were carried out using detached leaf technique. Results
revealed an increased incubation period and latent period and a
lower infection frequency (50-100% reduction in disease incidence)
indicating a varying level of resistance in the selected transgenic
plants as compare to the untransformed controls. The selected
transgenic events thus identified will be used for further field
evaluations and if confirmed, as resistance sources to develop
groundnut varieties with enhanced resistance to the foliar fungal
pathogens and A.
Summary and Conclusions p.132-137, Bibliography
p.138-188, Annexture p.189-199
Advisors/Committee Members: Waliyar, Farid, Narasu, Lakshmi M.
Subjects/Keywords: stresses; Foliar fungal diseases; Late leaf spot; fungal disease; Biotechnology
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APA (6th Edition):
Prasad, K. (2011). Transgenic groundnut with resistance to fungal pathogens
(Foliar diseases of Groundnut); -. (Thesis). Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University. Retrieved from http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/4511
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Prasad, Kalyani. “Transgenic groundnut with resistance to fungal pathogens
(Foliar diseases of Groundnut); -.” 2011. Thesis, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University. Accessed January 23, 2020.
http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/4511.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Prasad, Kalyani. “Transgenic groundnut with resistance to fungal pathogens
(Foliar diseases of Groundnut); -.” 2011. Web. 23 Jan 2020.
Vancouver:
Prasad K. Transgenic groundnut with resistance to fungal pathogens
(Foliar diseases of Groundnut); -. [Internet] [Thesis]. Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University; 2011. [cited 2020 Jan 23].
Available from: http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/4511.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Prasad K. Transgenic groundnut with resistance to fungal pathogens
(Foliar diseases of Groundnut); -. [Thesis]. Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University; 2011. Available from: http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/4511
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
26.
Zhou, Mian.
The Role of Codon Usage in Regulating Protein Expression, Structure and Function.
Degree: 2014, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2152.5/3573
► Codon usage bias has been observed in the genomes of almost all organisms and is thought to result from selection for efficient translation of highly…
(more)
▼ Codon usage bias has been observed in the genomes of almost all organisms and is thought to result from selection for efficient translation of highly expressed genes. Many genes, however, exhibit little codon usage bias. It's not clear whether the lack of codon bias for a gene is due to lack of selection for mRNA translation or it has some biological significance.
The rhythmic expression and the proper function of the Neurospora FREQUENCY (FRQ) protein are essential for circadian clock function. However, unlike most genes inNeurospora, frq exhibits non-optimal codon usage across its entire open reading frame (ORF). Optimization of frq codon usage results in the abolition of both overt and molecular circadian rhythms. Codon optimization not only increases FRQ expression level but surprisingly, also results in conformational changes in FRQ protein, impaired FRQ phosphorylation, and impaired functions in the circadian feedback loops. These results indicate that non-optimal codon usage of frq is essential for maintaining circadian rhythmicity in Neurospora.
Interestingly, there is a correlation between codon usage score and FRQ protein structure: the regions that are predicted to be disordered preferentially uses more non-optimal codons. This negative correlation is also found in the proteasome of Neurospora, as well in yeast, Drosophila, C. elegans and E. coli. By making a series of Neurospora strains with frq optimized in different regions, we find that codon optimizations in the predicted disordered regions of FRQ have more prominent effects on FRQ activity and structure. Furthermore, codon optimization of disordered regions in several other Neurospora genes results in altered protein degradation rates, suggesting structural changes by codon optimization. Together, these results suggest that codon usage adapts to protein structures and there is a "code" within genetic codons that allow optimal co-translational protein folding.
Advisors/Committee Members: Tu, Benjamin, Liu, Yi, Takahashi, Joseph, Zinn, Andrew R..
Subjects/Keywords: CLOCK Proteins; Codon; Fungal Proteins; Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; Neurospora crassa
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APA (6th Edition):
Zhou, M. (2014). The Role of Codon Usage in Regulating Protein Expression, Structure and Function. (Thesis). University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2152.5/3573
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Zhou, Mian. “The Role of Codon Usage in Regulating Protein Expression, Structure and Function.” 2014. Thesis, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center. Accessed January 23, 2020.
http://hdl.handle.net/2152.5/3573.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Zhou, Mian. “The Role of Codon Usage in Regulating Protein Expression, Structure and Function.” 2014. Web. 23 Jan 2020.
Vancouver:
Zhou M. The Role of Codon Usage in Regulating Protein Expression, Structure and Function. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; 2014. [cited 2020 Jan 23].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2152.5/3573.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Zhou M. The Role of Codon Usage in Regulating Protein Expression, Structure and Function. [Thesis]. University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2152.5/3573
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of Exeter
27.
Al-Maqtoofi, Marwan Yaseen Abdulmajeed.
Investigating host and environmental influences of Fusarium solani using a novel monoclonal antibody.
Degree: PhD, 2016, University of Exeter
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10871/23409
► Human fungal infections among severely immunocompromised individuals have increased dramatically over the last 30 years and that coincidence with an expanding patient numbers of bone…
(more)
▼ Human fungal infections among severely immunocompromised individuals have increased dramatically over the last 30 years and that coincidence with an expanding patient numbers of bone marrow and solid organ transplantation and those receiving aggressive cytotoxic chemotherapy for neoplastic diseases or immunosuppressive drugs. In recent years, many of opportunistic fungi have emerged as serious human pathogens and causing life-threatening infections of humans such as Fusarium species. Due to lack of a highly accurate diagnostic test for tracking the pathogenic Fusarium species, fusariosis is frequently misdiagnosed as aspergillosis. Delays in identification and differentiation of Fusarium spp. from other causative agents of hyalohyphomycetes associated with high morbidity and mortality rate among immunocompromised patients. This research aimed to develop a highly specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) using hybridoma technology to produce a highly genus-specific murine mAb ED7 that could be used for tracking and early detecting circulating Fusarium species antigens from other opportunistic pathogens. At present, a very little is known about the pathogenicity and interaction of human pathogenic F. solani and cells of the innate immune system like alveolar macrophages (AMØ), the residential innate immune cells of alveoli. For this reason, F. solani was genetically transformed with GFP gene and a model of immunoassay was developed to investigate the interactions of F. solani with AMØ that would allow studying the fungal pathogenicity, visualising and quantification of the pathogen during the process of macrophage phagocytosis. In addition, this model can be used to evaluate the effect of a mAb on fungal uptake by AMØ. Habitates providing direct human exposure to infectious propargules are largely unknown, but there is growing evidence that plumbing systems are sources of human pathogenic strains in the F. solani and F. oxysporum species complexes, the most common groups infecting humans. Using mAb ED7 specific to the Fusarium species, this work demonstrates how the mAb can be used as a powerful immunodiagnostic tool for accurately tracking the Fusarium species antigens in sink drain biofilms and water system samples containing mixed populations of human opportunistic filamentous and yeasts pathogenic fungi across a University campus and a tertiary care hospital. Specificity of the ELISA was confirmed by sequencing of the internally transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1)-5.8S-ITS2 rRNA-encoding regions of culturable yeasts and moulds that were recovered using mycological culture, while translation elongation factor (TEF)-1 analysis of Fusarium isolates included FSSC 1-a, FOSC 33 and FDSC ET-gr, the most common clinical pathotypes in each group. The mAb ED7 is, therefore, suitable to be carried forward for use in diagnostic assays, such as the lateral flow device.
Subjects/Keywords: 616.9; Fusarium; Diagnosis emerging fungal pathogens; Fungal Immunology; Monoclonal Antibody
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APA (6th Edition):
Al-Maqtoofi, M. Y. A. (2016). Investigating host and environmental influences of Fusarium solani using a novel monoclonal antibody. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Exeter. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10871/23409
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Al-Maqtoofi, Marwan Yaseen Abdulmajeed. “Investigating host and environmental influences of Fusarium solani using a novel monoclonal antibody.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Exeter. Accessed January 23, 2020.
http://hdl.handle.net/10871/23409.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Al-Maqtoofi, Marwan Yaseen Abdulmajeed. “Investigating host and environmental influences of Fusarium solani using a novel monoclonal antibody.” 2016. Web. 23 Jan 2020.
Vancouver:
Al-Maqtoofi MYA. Investigating host and environmental influences of Fusarium solani using a novel monoclonal antibody. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Exeter; 2016. [cited 2020 Jan 23].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10871/23409.
Council of Science Editors:
Al-Maqtoofi MYA. Investigating host and environmental influences of Fusarium solani using a novel monoclonal antibody. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Exeter; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10871/23409
Durham University
28.
Betool, Zainal Ali.
A comparative study of growth regulation in fungi.
Degree: PhD, 1984, Durham University
URL: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/7131/
;
http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.349412
► The effect of two plant growth regulating substances(GA(_3) and IAA) has been investigated on growth of Mucor mucedoand SaproLegnia parasitica. No stimulatory effect was observed…
(more)
▼ The effect of two plant growth regulating substances(GA(_3) and IAA) has been investigated on growth of Mucor mucedoand SaproLegnia parasitica. No stimulatory effect was observed at low concentrations of both substances on vegetative growth and macromolecular composition of both fungi. Instead a gradual inhibition was found at high concentrations. The only stimulation with both substances was detected on sporangiospore germination of M. mucedo at the range of concentrations between 10 and 100 ppm. Higher concentrations showed a delay of germination Macromolecular composition of these fungi as well asPhycomyces bZakesZeeanus was found to be variable. Results were discussed in terms of relation of these figures to growth rate of the test fungi. Flooding of M. mucedo and P. bZakesZeeanus colonies with their liquid culture medium resulted in unexpected responses (bursting and/or swelling of hyphal tips followed by apicalbranching). Electron microscopy was used as an aid to investigate these phenomena. No observations were obtained directly relating to the bursting of P. bZakesZeeanus hyphal tips. Nevertheless 1 flooding of M. mucedo colonies revealed a high production and accumulation of nearly all cytoplasmic components in the swollen tips which indicated high metabolic activities and thus formation of two or more apical branches. Studies of regeneration of protoplasts produced fromP. blakesZeeanus and S. parasiticav revealed two different patterns. S. parasitica showed unusual regeneration process, protoplast developed an abnormal, very thin hypha(e), sometimes branched with a swollen tip(s) f later on a normal developed from the abnormal one and continued to grow as a normal hypha.Serological methods used to study the relationship between the chitin and cellulose-walled fungi revealed weak antigenic reactivities between representatives of both groups of fungi. Likewise between the members of the chitin-walled fungi, in contrast to the high cross reactivities between the cellulose-walled fungi.
Subjects/Keywords: 611; Fungal physiology
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APA (6th Edition):
Betool, Z. A. (1984). A comparative study of growth regulation in fungi. (Doctoral Dissertation). Durham University. Retrieved from http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/7131/ ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.349412
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Betool, Zainal Ali. “A comparative study of growth regulation in fungi.” 1984. Doctoral Dissertation, Durham University. Accessed January 23, 2020.
http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/7131/ ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.349412.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Betool, Zainal Ali. “A comparative study of growth regulation in fungi.” 1984. Web. 23 Jan 2020.
Vancouver:
Betool ZA. A comparative study of growth regulation in fungi. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Durham University; 1984. [cited 2020 Jan 23].
Available from: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/7131/ ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.349412.
Council of Science Editors:
Betool ZA. A comparative study of growth regulation in fungi. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Durham University; 1984. Available from: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/7131/ ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.349412
University of Pretoria
29.
Mahlo, S.M. (Salome Mamokone).
Characterization
and biological activity of antifungal compounds present in
Breonadia salicina (Rubiaceae) leaves.
Degree: Paraclinical Sciences, 2010, University of Pretoria
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24873
► The aim of this study was to investigate plant species to develop a product with the potential of protecting plants or plant products against plant…
(more)
▼ The aim of this study was to investigate plant species to
develop a product with the potential of protecting plants or plant
products against plant
fungal pathogens. Hexane, dichloromethane,
acetone, and methanol leaf extracts of six plant species (Bucida
buceras, Breonadia salicina, Harpephyllum caffrum, Olinia ventosa,
Vangueria infausta and Xylotheca kraussiana) were evaluated for
antifungal activity against seven plant
fungal pathogens
(Aspergillus niger, A. parasiticus, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides,
Penicillium janthinellum, P. expansum, Trichoderma harzianum and
Fusarium oxysporum). These plant species were selected from more
than 400 plant species evaluated in the Phytomedicine Programme
that had good activity against two animal
fungal pathogens. All the
leaf extracts were active against at least one or more of the
phytopathogenic fungi in a serial microdilution assay. Of the six
plant species, B. buceras had the best antifungal activity against
four of the fungi, with MIC values as low as 0.02 mg/ml and 0.08
mg/ml against Penicillium expansum, P. janthinellum, Trichoderma
harzianum and Fusarium oxysporum. The number of active compounds in
the plant extracts was determined using bioautography with the
above-mentioned plant pathogens. No active compounds were observed
in some plant extracts against the
fungal plant pathogens
indicating possible synergism between metabolites responsible for
the antifungal activity of the extract. B. salicina and O. ventosa
were the most promising plant species, with at least three
antifungal compounds. The antioxidant activities of plant extracts
were determined using the qualitative method by spraying TLC
chromatograms developed in three eluent systems BEA, CEF and EMW
with 1, l-diphenyl -2 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The plant extracts of
five of these species did not have a strong antioxidant activity.
The methanol extract of X. kraussiana was the most active radical
scavenger in the DPPH assay amongst the six medicinal plants
screened. Based on good activity against Aspergillus niger and A.
parasiticus, leaf extracts of the six plant species were also
tested for antifungal activity against A. fumigatus, a very
important animal
fungal pathogen. The acetone extracts of B.
buceras, B. salicina, V. infausta and X. kraussina had good
antifungal activity against the animal pathogens, with MIC values
ranging between 0.02 and 0.08 mg/ml. This indicates that crude
extracts of these species may be more valuable in combating
Aspergillus infections in animals than in humans. Based on the
results discussed above, B. salicina was selected for in-depth
study. Serial exhaustive extraction was used to extract plant
material with solvents of increasing polarities namely, hexane,
chloroform, acetone and MeOH. Amongst the four extractants, MeOH
extracted the largest quantity of plant material 12.3% (61.5g),
followed by acetone 5.6% (27.8 g), hexane 2.6% (12.8 g) and
chloroform 2.1% (10.3 g). The chloroform fraction was selected for
further work because it had the best antifungal activity against…
Advisors/Committee Members: Eloff, Jacobus Nicolaas (advisor), McGaw, Lyndy Joy (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Breonadia
salicina; Fungal
pathogens;
Antifungal;
UCTD
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APA ·
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MLA ·
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CSE |
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APA (6th Edition):
Mahlo, S. M. (. M. (2010). Characterization
and biological activity of antifungal compounds present in
Breonadia salicina (Rubiaceae) leaves. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Pretoria. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24873
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Mahlo, S M (Salome Mamokone). “Characterization
and biological activity of antifungal compounds present in
Breonadia salicina (Rubiaceae) leaves.” 2010. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Pretoria. Accessed January 23, 2020.
http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24873.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Mahlo, S M (Salome Mamokone). “Characterization
and biological activity of antifungal compounds present in
Breonadia salicina (Rubiaceae) leaves.” 2010. Web. 23 Jan 2020.
Vancouver:
Mahlo SM(M. Characterization
and biological activity of antifungal compounds present in
Breonadia salicina (Rubiaceae) leaves. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Pretoria; 2010. [cited 2020 Jan 23].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24873.
Council of Science Editors:
Mahlo SM(M. Characterization
and biological activity of antifungal compounds present in
Breonadia salicina (Rubiaceae) leaves. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Pretoria; 2010. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24873
Oregon State University
30.
Almurshidi, Badria H.
Toxicity of Fungal Pigments from Chlorociboria spp. and Scytalidium spp.
Degree: MS, Wood Science, 2015, Oregon State University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/56625
► Commercial methodologies for producing fungal pigments are of worldwide interest due to the desire to move away from synthetic dyes. Chlorociboria species and Scytalidium species…
(more)
▼ Commercial methodologies for producing
fungal pigments are of worldwide interest due to the desire to move away from synthetic dyes. Chlorociboria species and Scytalidium species have been reported to produce sufficient yields of pigments for commercial production and have attracted special attention because of their use in spalted wood applications. However, there are few data about the toxicity of these pigments on humans or the ecosystem. The main objective of this thesis was to examine
fungal pigment mixture toxicity and its effects on living organisms using a zebrafish embryo acute toxicity bioassay. Pigment mixtures from wood agar cultures and liquid malt media were screened. There were significant adverse effects from both the DCM-extracted pigment and the liquid malt medium although there was variability in the toxicity endpoints. The results from this study suggest that all dichloromethane (DCM) pigment extracts followed a dose/ response curve and caused higher mortality in higher concentrations after a short time of exposure except the DCM-red pigment extract which follow a non monotonic dose/response curve. The response from both DCM pigment extracts and liquid malt pigment depended on the solubility and bioavailability factors in the water. Overall, the results indicate that the pigments extracted from these fungi are likely toxic to humans. However, as no completely purified compounds were tested, it is possible that other secondary
fungal metabolites and wood extractives that were also retrieved during the extraction process might also have played a role in the toxicity.
Advisors/Committee Members: Robinson, Sara C. (advisor), Morrell, Jeff (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Toxicity of fungal pigments; Dichloromethane – Toxicity testing
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APA ·
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MLA ·
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CSE |
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APA (6th Edition):
Almurshidi, B. H. (2015). Toxicity of Fungal Pigments from Chlorociboria spp. and Scytalidium spp. (Masters Thesis). Oregon State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1957/56625
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Almurshidi, Badria H. “Toxicity of Fungal Pigments from Chlorociboria spp. and Scytalidium spp.” 2015. Masters Thesis, Oregon State University. Accessed January 23, 2020.
http://hdl.handle.net/1957/56625.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Almurshidi, Badria H. “Toxicity of Fungal Pigments from Chlorociboria spp. and Scytalidium spp.” 2015. Web. 23 Jan 2020.
Vancouver:
Almurshidi BH. Toxicity of Fungal Pigments from Chlorociboria spp. and Scytalidium spp. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Oregon State University; 2015. [cited 2020 Jan 23].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/56625.
Council of Science Editors:
Almurshidi BH. Toxicity of Fungal Pigments from Chlorociboria spp. and Scytalidium spp. [Masters Thesis]. Oregon State University; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/56625
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