subject:(Fuel spray ignition)

1. Magalhães de Oliveira, Pedro. Ignition and propagation mechanisms of spray flames.

Degree: PhD, 2019, University of Cambridge

URL: https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/297690https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/297690/2/PM%20de%20Oliveira%20-%20PhD%20thesis%2c%20Cambridge%202019.mp4

► Fuel droplets represent strong inhomogeneities that are generally detrimental and intensify the stochastic behaviour of ignition. Still, the presence of small droplets has been found… (more)

▼ Fuel droplets represent strong inhomogeneities that are generally detrimental and intensify the stochastic behaviour of ignition. Still, the presence of small droplets has been found to decrease minimum ignition energies and enhance flame speeds. In this study, a comprehensive analysis of the phases of ignition in sprays is carried out in a controlled, well-characterised experiment: the initiation of a spherically expanding flame in a turbulent droplet-laden jet by a laser spark. A revision of definitions of ignition-related terms is proposed based on a critical time scale of the spark effects on the flame, evaluated from OH* visualisation, allowing for a distinction between the phases of kernel generation and flame growth. Based on the critical time scale, ignition failure time scales can be measured, as well as kernel sizes conditional on ignition or failure. Small kernels typically quenched faster than the critical time scale, characterising the short-mode failure. This mode was suppressed by increasing the laser energy and, consequently, the initial kernel size. Still, the ignitability of lean ethanol mixtures was only effectively improved through high-energy sparks and partial prevaporisation, with ignition being limited by breakdown. In jet fuel sprays, a suppression of short and long-mode failure occurred by decreasing the droplet size. In fact, by doing this, different flame propagation mechanisms were observed by OH/fuel PLIF. Both aviation fuels investigated – Jet A and a renewable alternative, ATJ-8 – exhibited similar flame speed behaviour due to changes in droplet size in each of the modes identified: the droplet, inter-droplet, and gaseous-like propagation modes. Concentrated reactions around large droplets found in lean conditions allowed for a slowly propagating flame front which ignited new droplets. Stoichiometric to rich conditions presented stronger evaporation at the flame and higher and more uniform heat release. Still, large droplets penetrated the flame, locally inducing regions of negative curvature and continuing to evaporate in the products. The droplet-induced effects disappeared at low SMD and rich conditions, giving rise to a fully gaseous layer at the flame and the highest flame speeds. Finally, insight and data from experiments are used to improve a low-order ignition model towards applications with sprays. Fuel fluctuations are modelled using a stochastic approach, and the extinction criterion of the model is calibrated. The model is then tested for an aviation gas-turbine combustor.

Subjects/Keywords: spray combustion; flame propagation; ignition; jet fuel; low-order modelling; polydisperse spray; two-phase flow

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APA (6^th Edition):

Magalhães de Oliveira, P. (2019). Ignition and propagation mechanisms of spray flames. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Cambridge. Retrieved from https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/297690https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/297690/2/PM%20de%20Oliveira%20-%20PhD%20thesis%2c%20Cambridge%202019.mp4

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Magalhães de Oliveira, Pedro. “Ignition and propagation mechanisms of spray flames.” 2019. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Cambridge. Accessed January 22, 2021. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/297690https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/297690/2/PM%20de%20Oliveira%20-%20PhD%20thesis%2c%20Cambridge%202019.mp4.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Magalhães de Oliveira, Pedro. “Ignition and propagation mechanisms of spray flames.” 2019. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Magalhães de Oliveira P. Ignition and propagation mechanisms of spray flames. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Cambridge; 2019. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/297690https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/297690/2/PM%20de%20Oliveira%20-%20PhD%20thesis%2c%20Cambridge%202019.mp4.

Council of Science Editors:

Magalhães de Oliveira P. Ignition and propagation mechanisms of spray flames. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Cambridge; 2019. Available from: https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/297690https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/297690/2/PM%20de%20Oliveira%20-%20PhD%20thesis%2c%20Cambridge%202019.mp4

2. Magalhães de Oliveira, Pedro. Ignition and propagation mechanisms of spray flames.

Degree: PhD, 2019, University of Cambridge

URL: https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.44744 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.787821

► Fuel droplets represent strong inhomogeneities that are generally detrimental and intensify the stochastic behaviour of ignition. Still, the presence of small droplets has been found… (more)

▼ Fuel droplets represent strong inhomogeneities that are generally detrimental and intensify the stochastic behaviour of ignition. Still, the presence of small droplets has been found to decrease minimum ignition energies and enhance flame speeds. In this study, a comprehensive analysis of the phases of ignition in sprays is carried out in a controlled, well-characterised experiment: the initiation of a spherically expanding flame in a turbulent droplet-laden jet by a laser spark. A revision of definitions of ignition-related terms is proposed based on a critical time scale of the spark effects on the flame, evaluated from OH* visualisation, allowing for a distinction between the phases of kernel generation and flame growth. Based on the critical time scale, ignition failure time scales can be measured, as well as kernel sizes conditional on ignition or failure. Small kernels typically quenched faster than the critical time scale, characterising the short-mode failure. This mode was suppressed by increasing the laser energy and, consequently, the initial kernel size. Still, the ignitability of lean ethanol mixtures was only effectively improved through high-energy sparks and partial prevaporisation, with ignition being limited by breakdown. In jet fuel sprays, a suppression of short and long-mode failure occurred by decreasing the droplet size. In fact, by doing this, different flame propagation mechanisms were observed by OH/fuel PLIF. Both aviation fuels investigated - Jet A and a renewable alternative, ATJ-8 - exhibited similar flame speed behaviour due to changes in droplet size in each of the modes identified: the droplet, inter-droplet, and gaseous-like propagation modes. Concentrated reactions around large droplets found in lean conditions allowed for a slowly propagating flame front which ignited new droplets. Stoichiometric to rich conditions presented stronger evaporation at the flame and higher and more uniform heat release. Still, large droplets penetrated the flame, locally inducing regions of negative curvature and continuing to evaporate in the products. The droplet-induced effects disappeared at low SMD and rich conditions, giving rise to a fully gaseous layer at the flame and the highest flame speeds. Finally, insight and data from experiments are used to improve a low-order ignition model towards applications with sprays. Fuel fluctuations are modelled using a stochastic approach, and the extinction criterion of the model is calibrated. The model is then tested for an aviation gas-turbine combustor.

Subjects/Keywords: spray combustion; flame propagation; ignition; jet fuel; low-order modelling; polydisperse spray; two-phase flow

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APA (6^th Edition):

Magalhães de Oliveira, P. (2019). Ignition and propagation mechanisms of spray flames. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Cambridge. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.44744 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.787821

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Magalhães de Oliveira, Pedro. “Ignition and propagation mechanisms of spray flames.” 2019. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Cambridge. Accessed January 22, 2021. https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.44744 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.787821.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Magalhães de Oliveira, Pedro. “Ignition and propagation mechanisms of spray flames.” 2019. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Magalhães de Oliveira P. Ignition and propagation mechanisms of spray flames. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Cambridge; 2019. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.44744 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.787821.

Council of Science Editors:

Magalhães de Oliveira P. Ignition and propagation mechanisms of spray flames. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Cambridge; 2019. Available from: https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.44744 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.787821

University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign

3. Motily, Austen. Evaluation of hot surface ignition device performance with high-pressure kerosene fuel sprays.

Degree: MS, Mechanical Engineering, 2020, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/107927

► Among the range of commercially feasible propulsion systems, compression ignition (CI) engines present many advantages for light-duty vehicle operation. In particular, CI engines remain an… (more)

▼ Among the range of commercially feasible propulsion systems, compression ignition (CI) engines present many advantages for light-duty vehicle operation. In particular, CI engines remain an optimal choice for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) designed to operate at moderate flight speeds. However, one of the primary limitations of CI engines is that they require well-characterized, highly-reactive diesel fuel to operate properly. As the United States Department of Defense implements the single fuel concept and with global efforts to develop alternatively derived fuels, it is paramount that modern CI engines have the capability to perform with a diverse variety of fuel types. At its core, this challenge can be framed as an ignition problem, where low reactivity fuels and extreme operating conditions result in long ignition delays, engine misfires, and power loss. It is for this reason that novel ignition devices be developed to support reliable CI engine operation. Hot surface energy addition devices are a promising technology to improve ignition behavior, but the mechanisms by which the heating element supports the ignition process are not well understood. This study evaluates the performance and limitations of commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) heating elements in functioning as continuous-use ignition devices for kerosene-fueled CI engines. Furthermore, it examines the interaction between a single high-pressure fuel spray with a hot surface device in order to identify the most important parameters for optimizing ignition behavior. Results of these experiments demonstrate that existing heating elements can accelerate the ignition process for fuels with a wide range of reactivities, assuming a sufficient surface temperature can be achieved. Reaching these temperatures in an engine environment and maintaining these temperatures for long periods of operation, with acceptable heating element durability, will be the primary challenges in developing next-generation ignition systems. Advisors/Committee Members: Lee, Tonghun (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Hot surface ignition; Rapid compression machine; Fuel spray ignition; Energy assisted ignition; High-pressure fuel spray; Ignition modes; Ignition device; Fuel spray heat release; Low-reactivity fuels; High-speed chemiluminescence imaging

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APA (6^th Edition):

Motily, A. (2020). Evaluation of hot surface ignition device performance with high-pressure kerosene fuel sprays. (Thesis). University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2142/107927

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Motily, Austen. “Evaluation of hot surface ignition device performance with high-pressure kerosene fuel sprays.” 2020. Thesis, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Accessed January 22, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2142/107927.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Motily, Austen. “Evaluation of hot surface ignition device performance with high-pressure kerosene fuel sprays.” 2020. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Motily A. Evaluation of hot surface ignition device performance with high-pressure kerosene fuel sprays. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2020. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/107927.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Motily A. Evaluation of hot surface ignition device performance with high-pressure kerosene fuel sprays. [Thesis]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2020. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/107927

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign

4. Wigg, Benjamin R. A study on the emissions of butanol using a spark ignition engine and their reduction using electrostatically assisted injection.

Degree: MS, 0133, 2011, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/24172

► Butanol is a potential alternative to ethanol and offers many benefits including a much higher heating value and lower latent heat of vaporization. It also… (more)

▼ Butanol is a potential alternative to ethanol and offers many benefits including a much higher heating value and lower latent heat of vaporization. It also has a higher cetane number than ethanol and improved miscibility in diesel fuel. Additionally, butanol is less corrosive and less prone to water absorption than ethanol, which allows it to be transported using the existing fuel supply pipelines. However, while some previous research on the emissions of butanol-gasoline blends is available, little research exists on the emissions of neat butanol. This thesis focuses on two areas of study. The first area relates to on the comparison of UHC, NOx, and CO emissions of several butanol-gasoline and ethanol-gasoline blended fuels during combustion in an SI engine. The objective was to compare the emissions of butanol combustion to the ones of ethanol and gasoline. The second part of the study relates to the use of electrostatically assisted injection as a means of reducing the UHC emissions of butanol by decreasing the fuel droplet size using a charge electrode and extraction ring designed for a port fuel injector. Emissions measurements taken with and without a charge applied to the injector were used to determine the effect of applying a voltage to the fuel spray on engine emissions. It was established that the UHC emissions of neat butanol were approximately double the UHC emissions of gasoline and were appreciably higher than ethanol. CO emissions decreased and NOx emissions increased as the amount of butanol in gasoline was increased. Additionally, the CO emissions of butanol were lower than ethanol while it was not clear whether butanol had increased or decreased NOx emissions. It was also established that addition of 25% ethanol to butanol resulted in UHC emissions that were approximately 33% higher than those of neat butanol despite ethanol producing approximately 33% less UHC emissions than butanol. The results of the electrostatically assisted injection tests showed that, at certain engine operating conditions, application of 2000 V to the fuel spray resulted in a 10% increase in peak cylinder pressure, 4% reduction in UHC emissions, a 13.5% increase in NOx emissions, and a 13.5% reduction in CO emissions, which is consistent with the hypothesis that the voltage increased fuel atomization. However, tests at lower engine loads showed results contradictory to those at the higher engine load which suggested that the fuel droplet size may vary depending on engine operating conditions. Advisors/Committee Members: Kyritsis, Dimitrios C. (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Butanol; Electrospray; Spark Ignition (SI) Engine; Electrostatic Injection; Alternative Fuels; Fuel Spray; Fuel Injector; Ethanol

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APA (6^th Edition):

Wigg, B. R. (2011). A study on the emissions of butanol using a spark ignition engine and their reduction using electrostatically assisted injection. (Thesis). University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2142/24172

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Wigg, Benjamin R. “A study on the emissions of butanol using a spark ignition engine and their reduction using electrostatically assisted injection.” 2011. Thesis, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Accessed January 22, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2142/24172.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Wigg, Benjamin R. “A study on the emissions of butanol using a spark ignition engine and their reduction using electrostatically assisted injection.” 2011. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Wigg BR. A study on the emissions of butanol using a spark ignition engine and their reduction using electrostatically assisted injection. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/24172.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Wigg BR. A study on the emissions of butanol using a spark ignition engine and their reduction using electrostatically assisted injection. [Thesis]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/24172

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of New South Wales

5. Bao, Yongming. Effect of injection pressure on ethanol and gasoline sprays in a spark-ignition direct-injection engine.

Degree: Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, 2013, University of New South Wales

URL: http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/53399 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:12094/SOURCE02?view=true

► This study aims to clarify the spray development of ethanol, gasoline and iso-octane fuel, delivered by a multi-hole injector and spark-ignition direct-injection (SIDI) fuelling system.… (more)

▼ This study aims to clarify the spray development of ethanol, gasoline and iso-octane fuel, delivered by a multi-hole injector and spark-ignition direct-injection (SIDI) fuelling system. The focus is on how fuel properties and injection pressure impact temporal and spatial evolution of sprays at various ambient conditions. Two optical facilities were used: (1) a constant-flow spray chamber simulating cold-start conditions and (2) a single-cylinder SIDI engine running at normal, warmed-up operating conditions. In these optical facilities, Mie-scattering imaging is performed to measure penetrations of spray plumes at various injection pressures of 4, 7, 11 and 15 MPa. Experiments were first performed in the spray chamber to measure the spray tip penetration and penetration rate of ethanol, gasoline and iso-octane. It is observed that at 4 MPa injection pressure, the tip penetration length of ethanol sprays is shorter than that of gasoline sprays, likely due to lower injection velocity and increased nozzle loss associated with higher density and increased viscosity of ethanol, respectively. This assertion is further supported by the longest penetration length of iso-octane that has the lowest density among tested fuels and similar viscosity to gasoline. At higher injection pressure of 7 and 11 MPa, the penetration length difference between ethanol and gasoline sprays decreases and eventually ethanol sprays show a longer penetration length than that of gasoline sprays at the highest injection pressure of 15 MPa. This reversed trend is possibly because the penetration regime is changed such that the tip penetration is limited by aerodynamic drag force applied to fuel droplets, instead of the injection velocity or nozzle loss of the liquid jet. It is suggested that with increasing injection pressure, the fuel jet atomisation and droplet breakup enhance and therefore the lower aerodynamic drag associated with higher droplet size of ethanol sprays than that of gasoline sprays leads to a longer penetration length. The same trends of spray penetrations of ethanol, gasoline, and iso-octane are observed in the warmed optical engine with overall higher tip penetration length than that in the cold spray chamber primarily due to decreased air density and increased fuel temperature. In the same warmed optical engine, the effect of injection pressure on the structural transformation of flash-boiling sprays of gasoline and ethanol is investigated for two fuel injection timings of 90 and 300 crank angle degrees after top dead centre, corresponding to low and high ambient pressure conditions, respectively. The macroscopic spray structure was quantified using spray tip penetrations, spray spreading angles and spray areas. From the measurements, it is found that fuel sprays injected at the earlier injection timing, when the vapour pressure of the fuel is higher than the ambient pressure, show the convergence of the spray plumes towards the injector axis evidencing the flash-boiling phenomenon. By contrast, fuel injected at the later… Advisors/Committee Members: Kook, Sanghoon, Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, UNSW.

Subjects/Keywords: Ethanol; Gasoline; Iso-octane fuel; Spark-ignition direct-injection (SIDI); Injection pressure; Spray; Fuel economy

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APA (6^th Edition):

Bao, Y. (2013). Effect of injection pressure on ethanol and gasoline sprays in a spark-ignition direct-injection engine. (Masters Thesis). University of New South Wales. Retrieved from http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/53399 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:12094/SOURCE02?view=true

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Bao, Yongming. “Effect of injection pressure on ethanol and gasoline sprays in a spark-ignition direct-injection engine.” 2013. Masters Thesis, University of New South Wales. Accessed January 22, 2021. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/53399 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:12094/SOURCE02?view=true.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Bao, Yongming. “Effect of injection pressure on ethanol and gasoline sprays in a spark-ignition direct-injection engine.” 2013. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Bao Y. Effect of injection pressure on ethanol and gasoline sprays in a spark-ignition direct-injection engine. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of New South Wales; 2013. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/53399 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:12094/SOURCE02?view=true.

Council of Science Editors:

Bao Y. Effect of injection pressure on ethanol and gasoline sprays in a spark-ignition direct-injection engine. [Masters Thesis]. University of New South Wales; 2013. Available from: http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/53399 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:12094/SOURCE02?view=true

Queens University

6. Merkel, Cole. Diesel Spray and Premixed Methane-Air Ignition Behind a Reflected Shock Wave .

Degree: Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Queens University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1974/26632

► This study investigates single-event ignition of diesel fuel injected into methane-air that is applicable to compression ignition dual fuel engine conditions. Post compression cylinder temperature… (more)

▼ This study investigates single-event ignition of diesel fuel injected into methane-air that is applicable to compression ignition dual fuel engine conditions. Post compression cylinder temperature and pressure conditions were created behind a reflected shock wave in a 76 mm square-channel shock tube. A common-rail piezoelectric diesel injector with 8 tip orifices was mounted in the centre of the shock tube end wall to replicate in-cylinder placement. A single pass 150 mm diameter z-type high-speed schlieren system was used to capture ignition in a 250 mm long optical section. Additionally, direct photography was used in some tests to identify the location of ignition via the first emission of visible light. Tests were carried out at a nominal reflected pressure of 10 bar and temperatures in the range of 880 – 1500 K, with the aim of studying ignition delay within and beyond the negative temperature coefficient regime. The test gas was composed of synthetic air, with argon replacing nitrogen. Both schlieren video and pressure-history were used to measure ignition delay time. The high-speed photography showed that premature ignition was promoted by metal particles in the bottom half of the channel. By filtering out the premature ignition events it was found that the ignition delay time, for both diesel spray and premixed methane-air, correlated well with an Arrhenius temperature dependency. Diesel experiments were carried out with two injection durations (0.15 and 0.5 ms), and it was found to play an important role in the ignition location but not the ignition delay time. For a 0.15 ms injection time no ignition was observed for temperatures below 1050 K because of overmixing. Methane-air tests were carried out primarily at equivalence ratios of 0.25 and 0.5, a limited number of tests were carried out at stoichiometric conditions. Two-stage ignition (mild and strong) was observed in methane-air for temperatures above 1000 K and 1100 K for equivalence ratios of 0.25 and 0.5, respectively. Constant volume model predictions using two reaction mechanisms from the literature compared unfavorably with the measured ignition delay time. The methane-air ignition delay time showed some dependency on equivalence ratio.

Subjects/Keywords: Shock Tube ; Diesel Spray Ignition ; Methane-Air Ignition ; Ignition Delay ; Dual Fuel Combustion

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Merkel, C. (n.d.). Diesel Spray and Premixed Methane-Air Ignition Behind a Reflected Shock Wave . (Thesis). Queens University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1974/26632

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
No year of publication.
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Merkel, Cole. “Diesel Spray and Premixed Methane-Air Ignition Behind a Reflected Shock Wave .” Thesis, Queens University. Accessed January 22, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/26632.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
No year of publication.
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Merkel, Cole. “Diesel Spray and Premixed Methane-Air Ignition Behind a Reflected Shock Wave .” Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
No year of publication.

Vancouver:

Merkel C. Diesel Spray and Premixed Methane-Air Ignition Behind a Reflected Shock Wave . [Internet] [Thesis]. Queens University; [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1974/26632.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
No year of publication.

Council of Science Editors:

Merkel C. Diesel Spray and Premixed Methane-Air Ignition Behind a Reflected Shock Wave . [Thesis]. Queens University; Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1974/26632

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
No year of publication.

Texas A&M University

7. Zhang, Xiaohua. Small Engine Flash Vapor JP-8 Fuel Injector Testing, Simulation and Development.

Degree: PhD, Mechanical Engineering, 2014, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/174186

► Following U.S. Army’s single fuel initiative, Wankel rotary engines used in U.S. Army’s shadow unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) need to be retrofitted from running on… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: fuel injector; flash heating; JP-8; Wankel rotary engine; multi-physics modeling; spray measurement; ignition test

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Zhang, X. (2014). Small Engine Flash Vapor JP-8 Fuel Injector Testing, Simulation and Development. (Doctoral Dissertation). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/174186

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Zhang, Xiaohua. “Small Engine Flash Vapor JP-8 Fuel Injector Testing, Simulation and Development.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 22, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/174186.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Zhang, Xiaohua. “Small Engine Flash Vapor JP-8 Fuel Injector Testing, Simulation and Development.” 2014. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Zhang X. Small Engine Flash Vapor JP-8 Fuel Injector Testing, Simulation and Development. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/174186.

Council of Science Editors:

Zhang X. Small Engine Flash Vapor JP-8 Fuel Injector Testing, Simulation and Development. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/174186

8. Kontoulis, Panagiotis. Computational study and optimization of flow and combustion processes in marine engines operating with heavy fuel oil.

Degree: 2019, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA); Εθνικό Μετσόβιο Πολυτεχνείο (ΕΜΠ)

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10442/hedi/46372

► Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) is the predominant marine fuel. Its future use will be affected by the global 0.50% sulfur cap entering into force in… (more)

▼ Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) is the predominant marine fuel. Its future use will be affected by the global 0.50% sulfur cap entering into force in 2020. It is widely accepted nowadays that Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) studies can substantially contribute to understanding and optimizing engine aerothermochemistry, provided that the key in-cylinder processes, namely, spray break-up, evaporation, fuel-air mixing, ignition and combustion, are properly accounted for in the frame of CFD modeling. The present thesis constitutes an extensive computational CFD study of non-reactive and reactive HFO spray physics in the context of marine engines, including applications of optimizing HFO injection in large two-stroke marine engines. The study is supported by experiments. In this frame, a new integrated model for calculating the thermophysical properties of marine HFO has been developed in the present work. The model considers HFO as an equivalent one-component heavy petroleum fraction with undefined composition, and requires as input four values of fuel bulk properties, commonly measured at fuel bunkering. Thus, the model accounts for any HFO quality stored onboard a vessel. The model predicts a large set of fuel properties relevant for engine CFD studies, including temperature dependence. Further, model validation is performed by means of measurements of a number of properties of different HFO qualities. Next, the new model is applied to calculate the thermophysical properties of seven widely used marine heavy fuel grades as prescribed by ISO 8217:2010. Also, the model is tested with CFD simulations of non-reactive HFO spray flow in a large constant volume chamber, and the results are compared against recent experiments. Here, spray modeling is based on a proper adaptation of the cascade atomization and drop break-up (CAB) model. All computational results are in very good agreement with experiments. Moreover, the new detailed model of HFO thermophysical properties is utilized for extensive CFD studies of HFO ignition and combustion in a large spray combustion chamber (SCC) and in a large marine engine; results are compared against existing and recent experiments, for two HFO qualities. A new kinetic model accounting for HFO aromaticity is developed and used for ignition modeling. Computational results are reported for reactive spray flow in the SCC, and are in good agreement with experimental data. The effects of HFO preheating on spray development are demonstrated. Finally, simulation results in a large marine engine are in good agreement with experiments in terms of pressure, heat release rate and pollutant emissions. Overall, the present modeling is shown to be appropriate for detailed CFD studies of HFO spray flow and combustion in marine engines.In a final step, multi-objective optimization is deployed to investigate the effects of a three-pulse HFO injection strategy (pilot-, main- and post-injection) on Specific Fuel Oil Consumption (SFOC) and the final concentration of nitric oxides (NOX) and soot of a large two-stroke…

Subjects/Keywords: Βαρύ καύσιμο; Υπολογιστική ρευστοδυναμική; Θερμοφυσικές ιδιότητες; Έναυση; Ναυτικοί κινητήρες; Heavy fuel oil; CFD; Spray combustion chamber; Thermophysical properties; Ignition; Marine engines

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APA (6^th Edition):

Kontoulis, P. (2019). Computational study and optimization of flow and combustion processes in marine engines operating with heavy fuel oil. (Thesis). National Technical University of Athens (NTUA); Εθνικό Μετσόβιο Πολυτεχνείο (ΕΜΠ). Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10442/hedi/46372

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kontoulis, Panagiotis. “Computational study and optimization of flow and combustion processes in marine engines operating with heavy fuel oil.” 2019. Thesis, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA); Εθνικό Μετσόβιο Πολυτεχνείο (ΕΜΠ). Accessed January 22, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10442/hedi/46372.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kontoulis, Panagiotis. “Computational study and optimization of flow and combustion processes in marine engines operating with heavy fuel oil.” 2019. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Kontoulis P. Computational study and optimization of flow and combustion processes in marine engines operating with heavy fuel oil. [Internet] [Thesis]. National Technical University of Athens (NTUA); Εθνικό Μετσόβιο Πολυτεχνείο (ΕΜΠ); 2019. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10442/hedi/46372.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Kontoulis P. Computational study and optimization of flow and combustion processes in marine engines operating with heavy fuel oil. [Thesis]. National Technical University of Athens (NTUA); Εθνικό Μετσόβιο Πολυτεχνείο (ΕΜΠ); 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10442/hedi/46372

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Illinois – Chicago

9. Fu, Xiao. Partially Premixed Combustion in Counterflow Flame and Dual Fuel Compression Ignition Engine.

Degree: 2016, University of Illinois – Chicago

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10027/20168

► The overall objective of this research is to examine strategies for reducing NOx and soot emissions in diesel engine. The thesis has two parts. In… (more)

▼ The overall objective of this research is to examine strategies for reducing NOx and soot emissions in diesel engine. The thesis has two parts. In the first part, the effect of unsaturation or the presence of a double bond in the fuel molecular structure on NOx and soot formation is investigated. Simulations have been performed for partially premixed flames burning n-heptane and 1-heptene fuels in a counterflow configuration and a constant volume diesel combustion vessel to examine the effect of unsaturation at different level of partial premixing and strain rate. A validated detailed kinetic model with 198 species and 4932 reactions has been used in the counterflow flame simulations. Results indicate that the presence of unsaturated bond leads to increased formation of acetylene and propargyl through  scission reactions, resulting in higher prompt NO, PAH and soot in 1-heptene flames than in n-heptane flames. Since these results are obtained in laminar flames, the study is extended to examine the effect of double bond in spray flames at diesel engine conditions. 3-D simulations are performed using CFD code (CONVERGE) to examine the structure and emission characteristics of n-heptane and 1-heptene spray flames in a constant-volume combustion vessel. The directed relation graph methodology is used to develop a reduced mechanism (207 species and 4094 reactions) starting from the detailed mechanism (482 species and 19072 reactions). Results indicate that the combustion under diesel engine conditions is characterized by a double-flame structure with a rich premixed reaction zone (RPZ) near the flame stabilization region and a non-premixed reaction zone (NPZ) further downstream. Most of NOx is formed via thermal NO route in the NPZ, while PAH species are mainly formed in the RPZ. The presence of a double bond results in  scission reactions, leading to higher temperature and consequently higher NO in 1-heptene flame than that in n-heptane flame. It also leads to a significantly higher PAH species, implying increased soot emission in 1-heptene flame than that in n-heptane flame. Reaction path analysis indicated that this is due to significantly higher amounts of 1,3-butadiene and allene formed from  scission reactions due to the presence of double bond. In the second part of this research, a dual-fuel strategy for reducing emissions in a diesel engine has been examined. N-heptane and methane have been used as surrogates for diesel (pilot fuel) and natural gas (main fuel), respectively. The physical and chemical processes of dual-fuel combustion are simulated using CONVERGE and a reduced reaction mechanism (42 species, 168 reactions). The mechanism is validated against the experimental data for ignition and flame speed at engine relevant conditions. In engine simulations, methane is premixed with air during the intake, and then ignited by the n-heptane pilot injection. The heat release for the single-fuel case involves a hybrid combustion mode, characterized by rich premixed combustion and diffusion combustion,… Advisors/Committee Members: Aggarwal, Suresh K. (advisor), Brezinsky, Kenneth (committee member), Mashayek, Farzad (committee member), Som, Sibendu (committee member), Senecal, Peter K. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Fuel unsaturation; NOx and PAH emissions; counterflow partially premixed flame; n-heptane; 1-heptene; spray combustion; two stage ignition; dual fuel; diesel engine; NTC phenomenon

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Fu, X. (2016). Partially Premixed Combustion in Counterflow Flame and Dual Fuel Compression Ignition Engine. (Thesis). University of Illinois – Chicago. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10027/20168

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Fu, Xiao. “Partially Premixed Combustion in Counterflow Flame and Dual Fuel Compression Ignition Engine.” 2016. Thesis, University of Illinois – Chicago. Accessed January 22, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10027/20168.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Fu, Xiao. “Partially Premixed Combustion in Counterflow Flame and Dual Fuel Compression Ignition Engine.” 2016. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Fu X. Partially Premixed Combustion in Counterflow Flame and Dual Fuel Compression Ignition Engine. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Illinois – Chicago; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10027/20168.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Fu X. Partially Premixed Combustion in Counterflow Flame and Dual Fuel Compression Ignition Engine. [Thesis]. University of Illinois – Chicago; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10027/20168

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

10. Knox, Benjamin W. End-of-injection effects on diesel spray combustion.

Degree: PhD, Mechanical Engineering, 2016, Georgia Tech

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/56274

► Increasingly stringent emissions regulations have created a demand for cleaner burning engines. Low-temperature combustion (LTC) strategies have been proposed to meet low soot and nitrogen… (more)

▼ Increasingly stringent emissions regulations have created a demand for cleaner burning engines. Low-temperature combustion (LTC) strategies have been proposed to meet low soot and nitrogen oxides emissions but LTC strategies suffer from excessive unburned hydrocarbon (UHC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions. These emissions have been shown to originate from overly fuel-lean mixtures near the nozzle that do not burn to completion. These mixtures are said to be over-mixed beyond a flammability limit and are caused by increased entrainment during end-of-injection. The coupling between end-of-injection entrainment and incomplete combustion of near-nozzle mixtures is not well understood, however, in part due to the large parameter space in engines. Thus, this thesis aims to develop tools and models to measure end-of-injection combustion observables and predict the likelihood of UHC and CO emissions over a wide range of conditions. This thesis seeks to perturb the coupling between end-of-injection entrainment and incomplete combustion of near-nozzle mixtures by systematically varying the ambient thermodynamic conditions, injection parameters, as well as the end-of-injection transient. Four distinct behaviors of the spray flame following end-of-injection were identified: soot recession, complete combustion recession, partial combustion recession, and no/weak combustion recession. Combustion recession is the process whereby the initially lifted reaction zone retreats back towards the nozzle immediately following end-of-injection, thus consuming UHC/CO that would otherwise remain near the nozzle. Soot recession spatially and temporally overlaps with combustion recession and is the result of igniting rich mixtures. Regression of a comprehensive dataset indicates that combustion recession is promoted with higher ambient temperatures, higher ambient oxygen concentrations, higher ambient densities, longer end-of-injection transients, lower injection pressures, and larger nozzle orifice diameters. Similar trends are observed for soot recession as well. Rather than rely solely on regression for predictions of combustion recession, a first-principles based approach was used to develop a scaling law for combustion recession that is applicable to a wider class of injectors and injection strategies than those tested experimentally. Using a definition for the local Damkohler number throughout the jet, a limiting location of ignition was identified and linked to the flame lift-off length to develop both an end-of-injection ignition timescale and a steady injection ignition timescale. The proportionality between the two timescales was used to predict the likelihood of combustion recession and thus UHC/CO emissions. Advisors/Committee Members: Genzale, Caroline (advisor), Garimella, Srinivas (committee member), Sun, Wenting (committee member), Seitzman, Jerry (committee member), Pickett, Lyle (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Diesel; Combustion; Spray; Kinetics; Ignition; Fuel; Engine; Flame; Fluids; Injection

…tip of the injector. As the fuel penetrates into the combustion chamber, it forms a spray… …phase, and transient 140 μs ASI Cold fuel spray Hot air is continuously entrained into spray… …415 μs ASI Fuel vapor 555 μs ASI 1st stage ignition 695 μs ASI 2nd stage ignition of fuel… …ignition, if using diesel-like fuel under HTC conditions. While fuel-air mixtures at this stage… …compared to stoichiometric. After first-stage ignition, these fuel-rich mixtures at the head of…

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Knox, B. W. (2016). End-of-injection effects on diesel spray combustion. (Doctoral Dissertation). Georgia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1853/56274

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Knox, Benjamin W. “End-of-injection effects on diesel spray combustion.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, Georgia Tech. Accessed January 22, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/56274.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Knox, Benjamin W. “End-of-injection effects on diesel spray combustion.” 2016. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Knox BW. End-of-injection effects on diesel spray combustion. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Georgia Tech; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/56274.

Council of Science Editors:

Knox BW. End-of-injection effects on diesel spray combustion. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Georgia Tech; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/56274

ETH Zürich

11. Wright, Yuri Martin. Numerical investigation of turbulent spray combustion with conditional moment closure.

Degree: 2005, ETH Zürich

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11850/48106

► Focus of this study is the numerical simulation of turbulent auto-igniting liquid fuel sprays at Diesel engine relevant conditions. A state-of-the-art combustion model based on… (more)

▼ Focus of this study is the numerical simulation of turbulent auto-igniting liquid fuel sprays at Diesel engine relevant conditions. A state-of-the-art combustion model based on Conditional Moment Closure (CMC) has been interfaced with a broadly established three-dimensional flow field solver and the performance and validity of this methodology is tested by means of three different comprehensive sets of experimental data. The first validation is carried out by comparison of predicted ignition delays with experimental data from an open constant volume combustion chamber. Both two-dimensional (2D) and homogeneous (0D) formulations of the CMC equations have been investigated and the influence of the spatial transport terms is analysed. For all cases, good agreement of the ignition delays is reported for a broad range of temperatures at conditions typical to Diesel engines and the influence of initial turbulence in the surrounding air on the ignition delays is also correctly captured. Experimental data from an optically accessible, closed high temperature high pressure cell constitutes the second benchmark. The comprehensive set of validation data comprises liquid and qualitatively gas phase spray penetration, ignition delay and location as well as a pressure signal. The simulation predicts with good accuracy the spray evolution, the overall pressure increase, and both ignition delay and location. The model performance is further assessed in a third step by comparing the simulation results with pressure traces and rates of heat release from a heavy duty engine at a number of different operating conditions. Very good agreement has been found for both quantities for all points. The model is capable of accurate predictions of the ignition delay, the premixed phase and the diffusion phase of spray combustion and hence presents a very promising tool for the simulation of turbulent auto-igniting liquid fuel sprays. Diese Studie beschäftigt sich mit der Simulation von turbulenten Sprays bei dieselmotorischen Bedingungen. Ein Verbrennungsmodell, basierend auf dem Conditional Moment Closure (CMC) Ansatz, wurde mit einer weit verbreiteten numerischen Strömungssimulations-Software gekoppelt und anschliessend mit experimentellen Daten von drei verschiedenen Versuchsträgern verglichen. Die erste Validierung erfolgt anhand von gemessenen Zündverzügen einer offenen Konstantvolumengeometrie. CMC-seitig wurden sowohl homogene (0D) wie auch zwei-dimensionale (2D) Formulierungen des Codes untersucht und der Einfluss der räumlichen Transportterme analysiert. Für alle Varianten wurden die Zündverzüge für einen weiten Temperaturbereich gut vorhergesagt und der Einfluss von luftseitiger Anfangsturbulenz korrekt abgebildet. Experimentelle Daten einer optisch zugänglichen geschlossenen Brennkammer bilden die Grundlage der zweiten Validierung. Der umfangreiche Datensatz beinhaltet die Penetrationen des flüssigen und qualitativ des gasförmigen Sprays, das Drucksignal sowie Zündverzug und -ort. Die Simulation gibt sowohl die Sprayevolution, den… Advisors/Committee Members: Mastorakos, Epaminondas, Boulouchos, Konstantinos, Poulikakos, Dimosthenis.

Subjects/Keywords: COMBUSTION (INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES); FLAMMEN/TEMPERATURVERTEILUNG (BRENNSTOFFTECHNOLOGIE); SPONTANE REAKTIONEN, EXPLOSIONEN UND VERBRENNUNGEN (CHEMISCHE KINETIK); ZÜNDUNG + ZÜNDTEMPERATUR + ZÜNDEIGENSCHAFTEN (BRENNSTOFFTECHNOLOGIE); SPONTANEOUS REACTIONS, EXPLOSIONS AND COMBUSTION (CHEMICAL KINETICS); TURBULENT FLOW (FLUID DYNAMICS); INJECTION NOZZLES (INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES); ZERSTÄUBERDÜSEN (FLUIDDYNAMIK); DIESELMOTOREN (VERBRENNUNGSMOTOREN); MODELLRECHNUNG IN TECHNIK UND INGENIEURWESEN; VERBRENNUNG (VERBRENNUNGSMOTOREN); TURBULENTE STRÖMUNG (FLUIDDYNAMIK); MATHEMATICAL MODELING IN ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY; AEROTHERMODYNAMIK; SPRAY NOZZLES + ATOMIZERS (FLUID DYNAMICS); CHEMICAL REACTIONS; AEROTHERMODYNAMICS; IGNITION PROPERTIES + IGNITION TEMPERATURE (FUEL TECHNOLOGY); CHEMISCHE REAKTIONEN; EINSPRITZDÜSEN (VERBRENNUNGSMOTOREN); DIESEL ENGINES (INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES); FLAMES/TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION (FUEL TECHNOLOGY); info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/620; info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/530; Engineering & allied operations; Physics

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Wright, Y. M. (2005). Numerical investigation of turbulent spray combustion with conditional moment closure. (Doctoral Dissertation). ETH Zürich. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11850/48106

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Wright, Yuri Martin. “Numerical investigation of turbulent spray combustion with conditional moment closure.” 2005. Doctoral Dissertation, ETH Zürich. Accessed January 22, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11850/48106.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Wright, Yuri Martin. “Numerical investigation of turbulent spray combustion with conditional moment closure.” 2005. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Wright YM. Numerical investigation of turbulent spray combustion with conditional moment closure. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. ETH Zürich; 2005. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11850/48106.

Council of Science Editors:

Wright YM. Numerical investigation of turbulent spray combustion with conditional moment closure. [Doctoral Dissertation]. ETH Zürich; 2005. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11850/48106

ETH Zürich

12. Barroso Raya, Gabriel. Chemical kinetic mechanism reduction, multizone and 3D-CRFD modelling of homgeneous charge compression ignition engines.

Degree: 2006, ETH Zürich

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11850/149129

Subjects/Keywords: VERBRENNUNGSKRAFTMASCHINEN (WÄRMEKRAFTMASCHINEN); ZERSTÄUBERDÜSEN (FLUIDDYNAMIK); AEROTHERMODYNAMIK; KOMPRIMIERTE GASE (GASTECHNOLOGIE); ZÜNDUNG + ZÜNDTEMPERATUR + ZÜNDEIGENSCHAFTEN (BRENNSTOFFTECHNOLOGIE); VERBRENNUNG (VERBRENNUNGSMOTOREN); SPONTANE REAKTIONEN, EXPLOSIONEN UND VERBRENNUNGEN (CHEMISCHE KINETIK); AUTOOXIDATION + SELBSTZÜNDUNG + ENTFLAMMBARKEIT + FLAMMPUNKT (CHEMISCHE KINETIK); ABGASEMISSIONEN; RAUCH UND RUSS (LUFTVERUNREINIGUNG); COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS (FLUIDMECHANIK); MODELLRECHNUNG IN TECHNIK UND INGENIEURWESEN; INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES (HEAT ENGINES); SPRAY NOZZLES + ATOMIZERS (FLUID DYNAMICS); AEROTHERMODYNAMICS; COMPRESSED GASES (GAS TECHNOLOGY); IGNITION PROPERTIES + IGNITION TEMPERATURE (FUEL TECHNOLOGY); COMBUSTION (INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES); SPONTANEOUS REACTIONS, EXPLOSIONS AND COMBUSTION (CHEMICAL KINETICS); AUTO-OXIDATION + SELF-IGNITION + FLAMMABILITY + FLASH POINT (CHEMICAL KINETICS); WASTE GAS EMISSION; SMOKE AND SOOT (AIR POLLUTION); COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS (FLUID MECHANICS); MATHEMATICAL MODELING IN ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY; info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/620; info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/540; Engineering & allied operations; Chemistry

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Barroso Raya, G. (2006). Chemical kinetic mechanism reduction, multizone and 3D-CRFD modelling of homgeneous charge compression ignition engines. (Doctoral Dissertation). ETH Zürich. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11850/149129

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Barroso Raya, Gabriel. “Chemical kinetic mechanism reduction, multizone and 3D-CRFD modelling of homgeneous charge compression ignition engines.” 2006. Doctoral Dissertation, ETH Zürich. Accessed January 22, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11850/149129.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Barroso Raya, Gabriel. “Chemical kinetic mechanism reduction, multizone and 3D-CRFD modelling of homgeneous charge compression ignition engines.” 2006. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Barroso Raya G. Chemical kinetic mechanism reduction, multizone and 3D-CRFD modelling of homgeneous charge compression ignition engines. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. ETH Zürich; 2006. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11850/149129.

Council of Science Editors:

Barroso Raya G. Chemical kinetic mechanism reduction, multizone and 3D-CRFD modelling of homgeneous charge compression ignition engines. [Doctoral Dissertation]. ETH Zürich; 2006. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11850/149129

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