subject:(Fuel Spray)

1. Magalhães de Oliveira, Pedro. Ignition and propagation mechanisms of spray flames.

Degree: PhD, 2019, University of Cambridge

URL: https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/297690https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/297690/2/PM%20de%20Oliveira%20-%20PhD%20thesis%2c%20Cambridge%202019.mp4

► Fuel droplets represent strong inhomogeneities that are generally detrimental and intensify the stochastic behaviour of ignition. Still, the presence of small droplets has been found… (more)

▼ Fuel droplets represent strong inhomogeneities that are generally detrimental and intensify the stochastic behaviour of ignition. Still, the presence of small droplets has been found to decrease minimum ignition energies and enhance flame speeds. In this study, a comprehensive analysis of the phases of ignition in sprays is carried out in a controlled, well-characterised experiment: the initiation of a spherically expanding flame in a turbulent droplet-laden jet by a laser spark. A revision of definitions of ignition-related terms is proposed based on a critical time scale of the spark effects on the flame, evaluated from OH* visualisation, allowing for a distinction between the phases of kernel generation and flame growth. Based on the critical time scale, ignition failure time scales can be measured, as well as kernel sizes conditional on ignition or failure. Small kernels typically quenched faster than the critical time scale, characterising the short-mode failure. This mode was suppressed by increasing the laser energy and, consequently, the initial kernel size. Still, the ignitability of lean ethanol mixtures was only effectively improved through high-energy sparks and partial prevaporisation, with ignition being limited by breakdown. In jet fuel sprays, a suppression of short and long-mode failure occurred by decreasing the droplet size. In fact, by doing this, different flame propagation mechanisms were observed by OH/fuel PLIF. Both aviation fuels investigated – Jet A and a renewable alternative, ATJ-8 – exhibited similar flame speed behaviour due to changes in droplet size in each of the modes identified: the droplet, inter-droplet, and gaseous-like propagation modes. Concentrated reactions around large droplets found in lean conditions allowed for a slowly propagating flame front which ignited new droplets. Stoichiometric to rich conditions presented stronger evaporation at the flame and higher and more uniform heat release. Still, large droplets penetrated the flame, locally inducing regions of negative curvature and continuing to evaporate in the products. The droplet-induced effects disappeared at low SMD and rich conditions, giving rise to a fully gaseous layer at the flame and the highest flame speeds. Finally, insight and data from experiments are used to improve a low-order ignition model towards applications with sprays. Fuel fluctuations are modelled using a stochastic approach, and the extinction criterion of the model is calibrated. The model is then tested for an aviation gas-turbine combustor.

Subjects/Keywords: spray combustion; flame propagation; ignition; jet fuel; low-order modelling; polydisperse spray; two-phase flow

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APA (6^th Edition):

Magalhães de Oliveira, P. (2019). Ignition and propagation mechanisms of spray flames. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Cambridge. Retrieved from https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/297690https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/297690/2/PM%20de%20Oliveira%20-%20PhD%20thesis%2c%20Cambridge%202019.mp4

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Magalhães de Oliveira, Pedro. “Ignition and propagation mechanisms of spray flames.” 2019. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Cambridge. Accessed March 04, 2021. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/297690https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/297690/2/PM%20de%20Oliveira%20-%20PhD%20thesis%2c%20Cambridge%202019.mp4.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Magalhães de Oliveira, Pedro. “Ignition and propagation mechanisms of spray flames.” 2019. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Magalhães de Oliveira P. Ignition and propagation mechanisms of spray flames. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Cambridge; 2019. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/297690https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/297690/2/PM%20de%20Oliveira%20-%20PhD%20thesis%2c%20Cambridge%202019.mp4.

Council of Science Editors:

Magalhães de Oliveira P. Ignition and propagation mechanisms of spray flames. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Cambridge; 2019. Available from: https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/297690https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/297690/2/PM%20de%20Oliveira%20-%20PhD%20thesis%2c%20Cambridge%202019.mp4

2. Magalhães de Oliveira, Pedro. Ignition and propagation mechanisms of spray flames.

Degree: PhD, 2019, University of Cambridge

URL: https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.44744 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.787821

► Fuel droplets represent strong inhomogeneities that are generally detrimental and intensify the stochastic behaviour of ignition. Still, the presence of small droplets has been found… (more)

▼ Fuel droplets represent strong inhomogeneities that are generally detrimental and intensify the stochastic behaviour of ignition. Still, the presence of small droplets has been found to decrease minimum ignition energies and enhance flame speeds. In this study, a comprehensive analysis of the phases of ignition in sprays is carried out in a controlled, well-characterised experiment: the initiation of a spherically expanding flame in a turbulent droplet-laden jet by a laser spark. A revision of definitions of ignition-related terms is proposed based on a critical time scale of the spark effects on the flame, evaluated from OH* visualisation, allowing for a distinction between the phases of kernel generation and flame growth. Based on the critical time scale, ignition failure time scales can be measured, as well as kernel sizes conditional on ignition or failure. Small kernels typically quenched faster than the critical time scale, characterising the short-mode failure. This mode was suppressed by increasing the laser energy and, consequently, the initial kernel size. Still, the ignitability of lean ethanol mixtures was only effectively improved through high-energy sparks and partial prevaporisation, with ignition being limited by breakdown. In jet fuel sprays, a suppression of short and long-mode failure occurred by decreasing the droplet size. In fact, by doing this, different flame propagation mechanisms were observed by OH/fuel PLIF. Both aviation fuels investigated - Jet A and a renewable alternative, ATJ-8 - exhibited similar flame speed behaviour due to changes in droplet size in each of the modes identified: the droplet, inter-droplet, and gaseous-like propagation modes. Concentrated reactions around large droplets found in lean conditions allowed for a slowly propagating flame front which ignited new droplets. Stoichiometric to rich conditions presented stronger evaporation at the flame and higher and more uniform heat release. Still, large droplets penetrated the flame, locally inducing regions of negative curvature and continuing to evaporate in the products. The droplet-induced effects disappeared at low SMD and rich conditions, giving rise to a fully gaseous layer at the flame and the highest flame speeds. Finally, insight and data from experiments are used to improve a low-order ignition model towards applications with sprays. Fuel fluctuations are modelled using a stochastic approach, and the extinction criterion of the model is calibrated. The model is then tested for an aviation gas-turbine combustor.

Subjects/Keywords: spray combustion; flame propagation; ignition; jet fuel; low-order modelling; polydisperse spray; two-phase flow

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APA (6^th Edition):

Magalhães de Oliveira, P. (2019). Ignition and propagation mechanisms of spray flames. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Cambridge. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.44744 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.787821

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Magalhães de Oliveira, Pedro. “Ignition and propagation mechanisms of spray flames.” 2019. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Cambridge. Accessed March 04, 2021. https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.44744 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.787821.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Magalhães de Oliveira, Pedro. “Ignition and propagation mechanisms of spray flames.” 2019. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Magalhães de Oliveira P. Ignition and propagation mechanisms of spray flames. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Cambridge; 2019. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.44744 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.787821.

Council of Science Editors:

Magalhães de Oliveira P. Ignition and propagation mechanisms of spray flames. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Cambridge; 2019. Available from: https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.44744 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.787821

University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign

3. Wigg, Benjamin R. A study on the emissions of butanol using a spark ignition engine and their reduction using electrostatically assisted injection.

Degree: MS, 0133, 2011, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/24172

► Butanol is a potential alternative to ethanol and offers many benefits including a much higher heating value and lower latent heat of vaporization. It also… (more)

▼ Butanol is a potential alternative to ethanol and offers many benefits including a much higher heating value and lower latent heat of vaporization. It also has a higher cetane number than ethanol and improved miscibility in diesel fuel. Additionally, butanol is less corrosive and less prone to water absorption than ethanol, which allows it to be transported using the existing fuel supply pipelines. However, while some previous research on the emissions of butanol-gasoline blends is available, little research exists on the emissions of neat butanol. This thesis focuses on two areas of study. The first area relates to on the comparison of UHC, NOx, and CO emissions of several butanol-gasoline and ethanol-gasoline blended fuels during combustion in an SI engine. The objective was to compare the emissions of butanol combustion to the ones of ethanol and gasoline. The second part of the study relates to the use of electrostatically assisted injection as a means of reducing the UHC emissions of butanol by decreasing the fuel droplet size using a charge electrode and extraction ring designed for a port fuel injector. Emissions measurements taken with and without a charge applied to the injector were used to determine the effect of applying a voltage to the fuel spray on engine emissions. It was established that the UHC emissions of neat butanol were approximately double the UHC emissions of gasoline and were appreciably higher than ethanol. CO emissions decreased and NOx emissions increased as the amount of butanol in gasoline was increased. Additionally, the CO emissions of butanol were lower than ethanol while it was not clear whether butanol had increased or decreased NOx emissions. It was also established that addition of 25% ethanol to butanol resulted in UHC emissions that were approximately 33% higher than those of neat butanol despite ethanol producing approximately 33% less UHC emissions than butanol. The results of the electrostatically assisted injection tests showed that, at certain engine operating conditions, application of 2000 V to the fuel spray resulted in a 10% increase in peak cylinder pressure, 4% reduction in UHC emissions, a 13.5% increase in NOx emissions, and a 13.5% reduction in CO emissions, which is consistent with the hypothesis that the voltage increased fuel atomization. However, tests at lower engine loads showed results contradictory to those at the higher engine load which suggested that the fuel droplet size may vary depending on engine operating conditions. Advisors/Committee Members: Kyritsis, Dimitrios C. (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Butanol; Electrospray; Spark Ignition (SI) Engine; Electrostatic Injection; Alternative Fuels; Fuel Spray; Fuel Injector; Ethanol

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APA (6^th Edition):

Wigg, B. R. (2011). A study on the emissions of butanol using a spark ignition engine and their reduction using electrostatically assisted injection. (Thesis). University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2142/24172

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Wigg, Benjamin R. “A study on the emissions of butanol using a spark ignition engine and their reduction using electrostatically assisted injection.” 2011. Thesis, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Accessed March 04, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2142/24172.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Wigg, Benjamin R. “A study on the emissions of butanol using a spark ignition engine and their reduction using electrostatically assisted injection.” 2011. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Wigg BR. A study on the emissions of butanol using a spark ignition engine and their reduction using electrostatically assisted injection. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2011. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/24172.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Wigg BR. A study on the emissions of butanol using a spark ignition engine and their reduction using electrostatically assisted injection. [Thesis]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/24172

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of New South Wales

4. Bao, Yongming. Effect of injection pressure on ethanol and gasoline sprays in a spark-ignition direct-injection engine.

Degree: Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, 2013, University of New South Wales

URL: http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/53399 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:12094/SOURCE02?view=true

► This study aims to clarify the spray development of ethanol, gasoline and iso-octane fuel, delivered by a multi-hole injector and spark-ignition direct-injection (SIDI) fuelling system.… (more)

▼ This study aims to clarify the spray development of ethanol, gasoline and iso-octane fuel, delivered by a multi-hole injector and spark-ignition direct-injection (SIDI) fuelling system. The focus is on how fuel properties and injection pressure impact temporal and spatial evolution of sprays at various ambient conditions. Two optical facilities were used: (1) a constant-flow spray chamber simulating cold-start conditions and (2) a single-cylinder SIDI engine running at normal, warmed-up operating conditions. In these optical facilities, Mie-scattering imaging is performed to measure penetrations of spray plumes at various injection pressures of 4, 7, 11 and 15 MPa. Experiments were first performed in the spray chamber to measure the spray tip penetration and penetration rate of ethanol, gasoline and iso-octane. It is observed that at 4 MPa injection pressure, the tip penetration length of ethanol sprays is shorter than that of gasoline sprays, likely due to lower injection velocity and increased nozzle loss associated with higher density and increased viscosity of ethanol, respectively. This assertion is further supported by the longest penetration length of iso-octane that has the lowest density among tested fuels and similar viscosity to gasoline. At higher injection pressure of 7 and 11 MPa, the penetration length difference between ethanol and gasoline sprays decreases and eventually ethanol sprays show a longer penetration length than that of gasoline sprays at the highest injection pressure of 15 MPa. This reversed trend is possibly because the penetration regime is changed such that the tip penetration is limited by aerodynamic drag force applied to fuel droplets, instead of the injection velocity or nozzle loss of the liquid jet. It is suggested that with increasing injection pressure, the fuel jet atomisation and droplet breakup enhance and therefore the lower aerodynamic drag associated with higher droplet size of ethanol sprays than that of gasoline sprays leads to a longer penetration length. The same trends of spray penetrations of ethanol, gasoline, and iso-octane are observed in the warmed optical engine with overall higher tip penetration length than that in the cold spray chamber primarily due to decreased air density and increased fuel temperature. In the same warmed optical engine, the effect of injection pressure on the structural transformation of flash-boiling sprays of gasoline and ethanol is investigated for two fuel injection timings of 90 and 300 crank angle degrees after top dead centre, corresponding to low and high ambient pressure conditions, respectively. The macroscopic spray structure was quantified using spray tip penetrations, spray spreading angles and spray areas. From the measurements, it is found that fuel sprays injected at the earlier injection timing, when the vapour pressure of the fuel is higher than the ambient pressure, show the convergence of the spray plumes towards the injector axis evidencing the flash-boiling phenomenon. By contrast, fuel injected at the later… Advisors/Committee Members: Kook, Sanghoon, Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, UNSW.

Subjects/Keywords: Ethanol; Gasoline; Iso-octane fuel; Spark-ignition direct-injection (SIDI); Injection pressure; Spray; Fuel economy

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APA (6^th Edition):

Bao, Y. (2013). Effect of injection pressure on ethanol and gasoline sprays in a spark-ignition direct-injection engine. (Masters Thesis). University of New South Wales. Retrieved from http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/53399 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:12094/SOURCE02?view=true

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Bao, Yongming. “Effect of injection pressure on ethanol and gasoline sprays in a spark-ignition direct-injection engine.” 2013. Masters Thesis, University of New South Wales. Accessed March 04, 2021. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/53399 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:12094/SOURCE02?view=true.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Bao, Yongming. “Effect of injection pressure on ethanol and gasoline sprays in a spark-ignition direct-injection engine.” 2013. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Bao Y. Effect of injection pressure on ethanol and gasoline sprays in a spark-ignition direct-injection engine. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of New South Wales; 2013. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/53399 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:12094/SOURCE02?view=true.

Council of Science Editors:

Bao Y. Effect of injection pressure on ethanol and gasoline sprays in a spark-ignition direct-injection engine. [Masters Thesis]. University of New South Wales; 2013. Available from: http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/53399 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:12094/SOURCE02?view=true

University of Waterloo

5. Pereira, Aaron. Investigation of Direct Injection Fuel Sprays in High Velocity Air Flows.

Degree: 2013, University of Waterloo

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10012/8007

► The study of single-plume sprays into cross-flowing air is found extensively in literature, however, with the continued development of the Spark Ignition Direct Injection (SIDI)… (more)

▼ The study of single-plume sprays into cross-flowing air is found extensively in literature, however, with the continued development of the Spark Ignition Direct Injection (SIDI) engine, the behaviour of multi-plume sprays in cross-flowing conditions is of interest. In the present work, the injection of a multi-plume spray into a high-velocity cross-flow is investigated; an experimental apparatus capable of providing a cross-flow with core velocities higher than 200 m/s is developed; analysis techniques are developed to characterize the cross-flow and multi-plume spray independently; the multi-plume spray is characterized as it issues into the cross-flowing air. The round air jet used for the cross-flow was designed using the concepts put forth for the design of wind tunnel contractions. The axial and radial velocities were measured using a Particle Image Velocimetry system from LaVision Inc. and the potential core length determined for the core velocities corresponding to Mach numbers of 0.35 and 0.58. It was determined that the potential core length increases with increasing Mach number and that increased compressibility, leads to reduced mixing within the core. Furthermore, velocity profiles of the air jet show that self-similarity is preserved within the shear layer of the initial region. The multi-plume spray was also characterized in quiescent conditions for 10 and 15 MPa injection pressures. It was found that the penetration depth and spray width increased with increasing injection pressure, but that the spray angle decreased with increasing pressure. The increase in penetration depth is consistent with the findings presented in literature, while the decrease in spray angle with increasing pressure is contrary to literature. Next, the multi-plume spray, injected at 10 and 15 MPa, is characterized as it issues into the cross-flowing air stream at Mach numbers equal to 0.35 and 0.58. The tail length and penetration are measured and it is found that for the first, the cross-flow velocity is the primary factor with higher cross-flow velocity resulting in a longer tail length, while for the latter, the injection pressure is the major factor, with higher injection pressures resulting in higher penetrations. That being said, the injection pressure does play a small role in the tail length, with the 15 MPa injection having a slightly longer tail length than the 10 MPa injection in the Mach number 0.58 cross-flow. This is attributed to the finer atomization, which is expected from the 15 MPa injection and which leads to quicker entrainment of fuel droplets into the cross-flow. The spray axis was predicted for each set of conditions from 0.1 ms to 1.0 ms after Start of Fuel (SOF). It was found that before 0.3 ms, the spray retains its multi-plume nature, while after 0.3 ms it behaves like a single-plume spray. Once the spray has crossed this transition point, the spray axis is temporally independent and can be predicted by the logarithmic models, similar to those used for single-plume sprays in…

Subjects/Keywords: Direct Injection; Cross-flow; Fuel Spray; Multi-plume

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APA (6^th Edition):

Pereira, A. (2013). Investigation of Direct Injection Fuel Sprays in High Velocity Air Flows. (Thesis). University of Waterloo. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10012/8007

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Pereira, Aaron. “Investigation of Direct Injection Fuel Sprays in High Velocity Air Flows.” 2013. Thesis, University of Waterloo. Accessed March 04, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/8007.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Pereira, Aaron. “Investigation of Direct Injection Fuel Sprays in High Velocity Air Flows.” 2013. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Pereira A. Investigation of Direct Injection Fuel Sprays in High Velocity Air Flows. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Waterloo; 2013. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10012/8007.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Pereira A. Investigation of Direct Injection Fuel Sprays in High Velocity Air Flows. [Thesis]. University of Waterloo; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10012/8007

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Toronto

6. Zarzalejo, Maria. Design and Development of Atmospheric Plasma Sprayed Ceramic Anodes for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Operating under High Fuel Utilization Conditions.

Degree: 2012, University of Toronto

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1807/42429

►

High fuel utilization SOFCs could eliminate emissions from systems that include afterburners and potentially be suitable for carbon sequestration, while producing electricity more efficiently. Current… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: SOFC anodes; High fuel utilization; Plasma spray; Ceramic materials; 0791; 0794

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APA (6^th Edition):

Zarzalejo, M. (2012). Design and Development of Atmospheric Plasma Sprayed Ceramic Anodes for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Operating under High Fuel Utilization Conditions. (Masters Thesis). University of Toronto. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1807/42429

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Zarzalejo, Maria. “Design and Development of Atmospheric Plasma Sprayed Ceramic Anodes for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Operating under High Fuel Utilization Conditions.” 2012. Masters Thesis, University of Toronto. Accessed March 04, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/42429.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Zarzalejo, Maria. “Design and Development of Atmospheric Plasma Sprayed Ceramic Anodes for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Operating under High Fuel Utilization Conditions.” 2012. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Zarzalejo M. Design and Development of Atmospheric Plasma Sprayed Ceramic Anodes for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Operating under High Fuel Utilization Conditions. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Toronto; 2012. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1807/42429.

Council of Science Editors:

Zarzalejo M. Design and Development of Atmospheric Plasma Sprayed Ceramic Anodes for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Operating under High Fuel Utilization Conditions. [Masters Thesis]. University of Toronto; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1807/42429

University of Windsor

7. LeBlanc, Simon. Spray Characteristics of Dimethyl Ether in a Direct Injection Application.

Degree: MA, Mechanical, Automotive, and Materials Engineering, 2019, University of Windsor

URL: https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd/7786

► The primary objective of this thesis is to analyze the spray characteristics and behaviour of dimethyl ether (DME) in a high-pressure direct injection application.… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Alternative Fuels; Dimethyl Ether; Direct Injection; Fuel; Spray

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APA (6^th Edition):

LeBlanc, S. (2019). Spray Characteristics of Dimethyl Ether in a Direct Injection Application. (Masters Thesis). University of Windsor. Retrieved from https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd/7786

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

LeBlanc, Simon. “Spray Characteristics of Dimethyl Ether in a Direct Injection Application.” 2019. Masters Thesis, University of Windsor. Accessed March 04, 2021. https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd/7786.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

LeBlanc, Simon. “Spray Characteristics of Dimethyl Ether in a Direct Injection Application.” 2019. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

LeBlanc S. Spray Characteristics of Dimethyl Ether in a Direct Injection Application. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Windsor; 2019. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd/7786.

Council of Science Editors:

LeBlanc S. Spray Characteristics of Dimethyl Ether in a Direct Injection Application. [Masters Thesis]. University of Windsor; 2019. Available from: https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd/7786

University of Windsor

8. Imeson, Chris. Erosion Resistance of High Velocity Oxy-Fuel WC-Co-Cr Thermal Spray Coatings.

Degree: MA, Mechanical, Automotive, and Materials Engineering, 2015, University of Windsor

URL: https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd/5464

► Thermal spray coatings have been incorporated in oil and gas extraction efforts for many years. Recently, High Velocity Oxy-Fuel (HVOF) has become increasingly incorporated… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: High Velocity Oxy-Fuel; Solid Particle Erosion; Thermal Spray Coatings

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APA (6^th Edition):

Imeson, C. (2015). Erosion Resistance of High Velocity Oxy-Fuel WC-Co-Cr Thermal Spray Coatings. (Masters Thesis). University of Windsor. Retrieved from https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd/5464

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Imeson, Chris. “Erosion Resistance of High Velocity Oxy-Fuel WC-Co-Cr Thermal Spray Coatings.” 2015. Masters Thesis, University of Windsor. Accessed March 04, 2021. https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd/5464.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Imeson, Chris. “Erosion Resistance of High Velocity Oxy-Fuel WC-Co-Cr Thermal Spray Coatings.” 2015. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Imeson C. Erosion Resistance of High Velocity Oxy-Fuel WC-Co-Cr Thermal Spray Coatings. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Windsor; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd/5464.

Council of Science Editors:

Imeson C. Erosion Resistance of High Velocity Oxy-Fuel WC-Co-Cr Thermal Spray Coatings. [Masters Thesis]. University of Windsor; 2015. Available from: https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd/5464

University of St. Andrews

9. Tsimekas, Georgios. Optimization of spray pyrolysis for cathode-supported solid oxide fuel cells .

Degree: 2019, University of St. Andrews

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10023/17385

► Cathode-supported solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) have been the most reliable devices for direct conversion of fuels in electrical power. However, processing at high temperatures… (more)

▼ Cathode-supported solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) have been the most reliable devices for direct conversion of fuels in electrical power. However, processing at high temperatures to obtain a gas-tight electrolyte is prohibited due to formation of interfacial secondary phases between the electrolyte and the cathode support. Various deposition techniques such as electrochemical vapor deposition have been successfully employed to deposit thin electrolytes, but with a high cost. Therefore, a fabrication method that can meet the requirements of an industrial application at lower cost is the key for commercialization of this type of SOFCs. The aim of this study was to optimize air-pressurized spray pyrolysis technique for preparation of ultra-thin and dense electrolytes at low temperatures, for cathode-supported SOFCs. This process is cost-effective and easy scalable, suitable for deposition of thin films over large areas. Cathode-supported SOFCs were developed with thin 3.5-5.5μm yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolytes of columnar structure, at deposition temperatures as low as 170°C and deposition rates ≥10 μm h⁻¹. The surface of the composite LSM-YSZ cathode support was modified by spraying a LSM interlayer to reduce the roughness of the substrate and thus, secure a uniform thickness of the post-deposited electrolyte layer. To complete the cell with an anode electrode, cobalt ceria Co-CeO₂ with mixed ionic-electronic conductivity (MIEC) was also deposited by spray pyrolysis. Optimization of spray pyrolysis process parameters revealed the precursor concentration in conjunction with deposition time as the most important parameters to shift the morphology of the film from dense to porous depended on the target film structure. Sintering, from 750°C up to 950°C, proved to suppress the formation of zirconate phases at the interface of the YSZ/LSM that would severely degrade the performance of the cell. The cathode-supported SOFCs were electrochemically tested using 5%H₂/Ar as fuel and air as oxidant within a temperature range of 700-850°C. The measured open circuit voltage values were close to the theoretical ones with a maximum of 1.002 V at 850°C, indicating a gas-tight electrolyte. A power density of 127 mW/cm² at 850°C for a cathode-supported SOFC with a 3.5 μm thick YSZ electrolyte, was achieved. The activation energy of the whole cell was 0.15 eV corroborating the actual ohmic resistance values correspond to the cathode support which is the limiting factor of the cell's performance. Long-term stability test of five days showed a performance degradation to 83 mW/cm² at 850°C due to particle agglomeration of the cobalt metal in the anode electrode and reduction of the catalytic active area. The above indicate spray pyrolysis is an established technique for preparation of thin films for use in cathode-supported SOFCs. Advisors/Committee Members: Irvine, John T. S (advisor), Connor, Paul (Paul Alexander) (advisor), Savaniu, Cristian Daniel (advisor), Kiratzis, Nikolas (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Solid oxide fuel cell; Thin films; YSZ; Spray pyrolysis

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APA (6^th Edition):

Tsimekas, G. (2019). Optimization of spray pyrolysis for cathode-supported solid oxide fuel cells . (Thesis). University of St. Andrews. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10023/17385

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Tsimekas, Georgios. “Optimization of spray pyrolysis for cathode-supported solid oxide fuel cells .” 2019. Thesis, University of St. Andrews. Accessed March 04, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/17385.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Tsimekas, Georgios. “Optimization of spray pyrolysis for cathode-supported solid oxide fuel cells .” 2019. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Tsimekas G. Optimization of spray pyrolysis for cathode-supported solid oxide fuel cells . [Internet] [Thesis]. University of St. Andrews; 2019. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10023/17385.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Tsimekas G. Optimization of spray pyrolysis for cathode-supported solid oxide fuel cells . [Thesis]. University of St. Andrews; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10023/17385

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

10. Bayraktar, Tuba. Investigation of Port Fuel Injector Spray Mass Distribution by Laser Induced Fluorescence.

Degree: PhD, Mechanical Engineering, 2002, Old Dominion University

URL: 9780493883106 ; https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/mae_etds/111

► Modern internal combustion engines have stringent requirements for performance and reduced toxic emissions. The fuel delivery system, and particularly the fuel injectors, have a… (more)

▼ Modern internal combustion engines have stringent requirements for performance and reduced toxic emissions. The fuel delivery system, and particularly the fuel injectors, have a vital role in reducing unburned hydrocarbons (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) in exhaust emission. The main goal of this study is to map the spatial and temporal distribution of the spray from a low-pressure gasoline fuel injector. To attain this goal, three tasks were performed: (1) the experimental investigation of the spray oscillation as functions of operating pressure and injector timing, (2) the determination of the appropriate dye/fuel combinations for one particular experimental technique, and (3) the demonstration of the capabilities of a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code, Fluent, in the dispersed two-phase flow solutions. An experimental technique, planar laser induced fluorescence (PLIF), was employed to investigate the spatial and temporal distribution of the spray mass from a set of four-hole, split-stream port fuel injectors. The spatial and temporal spray evolution in a horizontal cross-section was imaged instantaneously via detection of fluorescence intensities. The lateral displacement of the spray mass is clearly displayed in time sequence via the PLIF images, and the spray instability is shown to be sensitively dependent upon small geometric differences along the internal flow paths. In the course of a study to develop a quantitative PLIF diagnostic for the mass distribution emanating from a liquid fuel injector, spectroscopic results were assembled for certain dye/fuel solutions. Experiments were performed with combinations of hydrocarbon solvents and organic dyes. Results are presented in the form of absorption and emission spectra, including extinction coefficients with error analysis, comparisons with data in the literature, and Stokes shift estimates. A Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code, Fluent, was employed to demonstrate its capabilities in the solution of dispersed two-phase flows. The dispersed two-phase flow consists of discrete elements surrounded by a continuous phase. The continuous phase equations were solved in an Eulerian reference frame. The Lagrangian approach was used to track packets of discrete phase elements. Inputs of the numerical dispersed two-phase flow model were obtained from the conditions of the PLIF experiments. Two cases were solved with the same input and boundary conditions. In the first case the spray consists of droplets with 100 μm diameter. A linear droplet diameter distribution between 40 and 100 μm was specified in the second case. Results indicate the existence of a core region with higher velocity values for both cases. The core region appears at the spray center close to the injection tip. The increase in the spray temperature towards the outlet boundary is larger for the constant droplet diameter case than the linear droplet diameter distribution case. Negligible evaporation is observed in the solution domain for both cases. Advisors/Committee Members: A. Sidney Roberts, Jr., Surendra N. Tiwari, Arthur C. Taylor, III, Amin N. Dharamsi.

Subjects/Keywords: Fuel injector; Fuel sprays; Mass distribution; Spray; Mechanical Engineering

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APA (6^th Edition):

Bayraktar, T. (2002). Investigation of Port Fuel Injector Spray Mass Distribution by Laser Induced Fluorescence. (Doctoral Dissertation). Old Dominion University. Retrieved from 9780493883106 ; https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/mae_etds/111

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Bayraktar, Tuba. “Investigation of Port Fuel Injector Spray Mass Distribution by Laser Induced Fluorescence.” 2002. Doctoral Dissertation, Old Dominion University. Accessed March 04, 2021. 9780493883106 ; https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/mae_etds/111.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Bayraktar, Tuba. “Investigation of Port Fuel Injector Spray Mass Distribution by Laser Induced Fluorescence.” 2002. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Bayraktar T. Investigation of Port Fuel Injector Spray Mass Distribution by Laser Induced Fluorescence. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Old Dominion University; 2002. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: 9780493883106 ; https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/mae_etds/111.

Council of Science Editors:

Bayraktar T. Investigation of Port Fuel Injector Spray Mass Distribution by Laser Induced Fluorescence. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Old Dominion University; 2002. Available from: 9780493883106 ; https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/mae_etds/111

Rochester Institute of Technology

11. Thistle, Andrew G. Measurement of Flow Velocities in a To-Scale Simplex Atomizer Using Particle Image Velocimetry.

Degree: MS, Mechanical Engineering, 2016, Rochester Institute of Technology

URL: https://scholarworks.rit.edu/theses/9254

► To better understand atomization in a commercial aviation gas turbine combustion environment, we present experimental measurements of the internal fuel flow of a simplex… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: atomization; gas turbine fuel injection; particle image velocimetry; PIV; pressure swirl atomizer; spray

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APA (6^th Edition):

Thistle, A. G. (2016). Measurement of Flow Velocities in a To-Scale Simplex Atomizer Using Particle Image Velocimetry. (Masters Thesis). Rochester Institute of Technology. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.rit.edu/theses/9254

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Thistle, Andrew G. “Measurement of Flow Velocities in a To-Scale Simplex Atomizer Using Particle Image Velocimetry.” 2016. Masters Thesis, Rochester Institute of Technology. Accessed March 04, 2021. https://scholarworks.rit.edu/theses/9254.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Thistle, Andrew G. “Measurement of Flow Velocities in a To-Scale Simplex Atomizer Using Particle Image Velocimetry.” 2016. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Thistle AG. Measurement of Flow Velocities in a To-Scale Simplex Atomizer Using Particle Image Velocimetry. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Rochester Institute of Technology; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: https://scholarworks.rit.edu/theses/9254.

Council of Science Editors:

Thistle AG. Measurement of Flow Velocities in a To-Scale Simplex Atomizer Using Particle Image Velocimetry. [Masters Thesis]. Rochester Institute of Technology; 2016. Available from: https://scholarworks.rit.edu/theses/9254

Wayne State University

12. Wang, Fengkun. Simulations And Measurements Of Fuel Film Using Refractive Index Matching Method.

Degree: MS, Mechanical Engineering, 2014, Wayne State University

URL: https://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/oa_theses/320

► ABSTRACT SIMULATIONS AND MEASUREMENTS OF FUEL FILM USING REFRACTIVE INDEX MATCHING METHOD by FENGKUN WANG APRIL 2014 Advisor: Dr. Ming-Chia Lai Major: Mechanical Engineering… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: CFD; Combustion; Engine; Fuel Film; Spray; Engineering; Mechanical Engineering; Other Mechanical Engineering

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APA (6^th Edition):

Wang, F. (2014). Simulations And Measurements Of Fuel Film Using Refractive Index Matching Method. (Masters Thesis). Wayne State University. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/oa_theses/320

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Wang, Fengkun. “Simulations And Measurements Of Fuel Film Using Refractive Index Matching Method.” 2014. Masters Thesis, Wayne State University. Accessed March 04, 2021. https://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/oa_theses/320.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Wang, Fengkun. “Simulations And Measurements Of Fuel Film Using Refractive Index Matching Method.” 2014. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Wang F. Simulations And Measurements Of Fuel Film Using Refractive Index Matching Method. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Wayne State University; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: https://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/oa_theses/320.

Council of Science Editors:

Wang F. Simulations And Measurements Of Fuel Film Using Refractive Index Matching Method. [Masters Thesis]. Wayne State University; 2014. Available from: https://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/oa_theses/320

13. Yates, P. W. An investigation into the effect of the piston-liner interface upon the particulate emissions from a turbo charged diesel engine.

Degree: PhD, 1999, Sheffield Hallam University

URL: http://shura.shu.ac.uk/20586/ ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324686

► The continuing tightening of emission regulations has encouraged extensive research into fuel spray vaporising and combustion. This thesis is an investigation into the effect that… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: 621.43; Emission regulations; Fuel spray vaporising

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APA (6^th Edition):

Yates, P. W. (1999). An investigation into the effect of the piston-liner interface upon the particulate emissions from a turbo charged diesel engine. (Doctoral Dissertation). Sheffield Hallam University. Retrieved from http://shura.shu.ac.uk/20586/ ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324686

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Yates, P W. “An investigation into the effect of the piston-liner interface upon the particulate emissions from a turbo charged diesel engine.” 1999. Doctoral Dissertation, Sheffield Hallam University. Accessed March 04, 2021. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/20586/ ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324686.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Yates, P W. “An investigation into the effect of the piston-liner interface upon the particulate emissions from a turbo charged diesel engine.” 1999. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Yates PW. An investigation into the effect of the piston-liner interface upon the particulate emissions from a turbo charged diesel engine. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Sheffield Hallam University; 1999. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: http://shura.shu.ac.uk/20586/ ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324686.

Council of Science Editors:

Yates PW. An investigation into the effect of the piston-liner interface upon the particulate emissions from a turbo charged diesel engine. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Sheffield Hallam University; 1999. Available from: http://shura.shu.ac.uk/20586/ ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324686

Iowa State University

14. Liu, Lin. Solid oxide fuel cell reliability and performance modeling and fabrication by spray pyrolysis.

Degree: 2011, Iowa State University

URL: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/10422

► SOFCs have the potential to meet the critical energy needs of our modern civilization and minimize the adverse environmental impacts from excessive energy consumption. They… (more)

▼ SOFCs have the potential to meet the critical energy needs of our modern civilization and minimize the adverse environmental impacts from excessive energy consumption. They are highly efficient, clean and can run on a variety of fuel gases. However, wide adoption of SOFCs is currently hindered by cell durability, manufacturing cost, and lack of fundamental understanding on electrochemical performance of the cell. In order to evaluate the durability of SOFCs, a mathematical thermo-mechanical model was developed to provide the distribution of thermal stresses during thermal cycling, and predict the lifetime of a cell. In addition, an ultrasonic spray pyrolysis prototype fabrication setup, which has the ability to tailor the microstructure of the deposited film, was established as an economically practical fabrication method to deposit the electrode of SOFC. Then, the electrochemical performances of deposited cells with tailored microstructures were investigated in order to better understand the impact of fabrication process parameters on cell electrochemical performance using AC electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Furthermore, a complete electrode polarization model of SOFCs has been developed and utilized to analyze the performance of homogenous and functionally graded anode with different particle size and porosity profiles. The thermo-mechanical model study showed thermal stresses were more concentrated near the free edge. As the porosity and the thickness of anode increased, the lifetime of the cell decreased. The precursor solution concentration and deposition temperature were found to be the most critical parameters that influenced the microstructure. By manipulating deposited microstructures, the Area Specific Resistance (ASR) of the deposited anode improved and the activation energy decreased. The developed thermo-mechanical model is one of the first attempts to understand cyclic failure behavior of multilayer SOFC through theoretical approach. Low polarization and activation energy makes the developed prototype fabrication setup a promising candidate for the fabrication of high performance SOFC electrode with tailored microstructure. The study of developing electrode polarization model experimentally and numerically demonstrated the potential of controlling the electrode microstructure of a SOFC to improve the cell's electrochemical performance. The work contributes to the understanding of cell performance in relation to graded microstructures.

Subjects/Keywords: Electrochemcial Performance; Experiment; Modeling; Reliability; Solid Oxide Fuel Cell; Spray Pyrolysis; Mechanical Engineering

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APA (6^th Edition):

Liu, L. (2011). Solid oxide fuel cell reliability and performance modeling and fabrication by spray pyrolysis. (Thesis). Iowa State University. Retrieved from https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/10422

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Liu, Lin. “Solid oxide fuel cell reliability and performance modeling and fabrication by spray pyrolysis.” 2011. Thesis, Iowa State University. Accessed March 04, 2021. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/10422.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Liu, Lin. “Solid oxide fuel cell reliability and performance modeling and fabrication by spray pyrolysis.” 2011. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Liu L. Solid oxide fuel cell reliability and performance modeling and fabrication by spray pyrolysis. [Internet] [Thesis]. Iowa State University; 2011. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/10422.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Liu L. Solid oxide fuel cell reliability and performance modeling and fabrication by spray pyrolysis. [Thesis]. Iowa State University; 2011. Available from: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/10422

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Michigan Technological University

15. Gong, Yejun. Large Eddy Simulation of dispersed multiphase flow.

Degree: PhD, Department of Mathematical Sciences, 2012, Michigan Technological University

URL: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds/729

► This thesis covers two main topics. The first is the comparison between the Reynoldsaveraged Navier-Stokes (RANS) simulation and the Large Eddy Simulation (LES) of… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: computational fluid dynamics; hydrotreated vegetable fuel; large eddy simulation; spray; Applied Mathematics; Mechanical Engineering

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APA (6^th Edition):

Gong, Y. (2012). Large Eddy Simulation of dispersed multiphase flow. (Doctoral Dissertation). Michigan Technological University. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds/729

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Gong, Yejun. “Large Eddy Simulation of dispersed multiphase flow.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, Michigan Technological University. Accessed March 04, 2021. https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds/729.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Gong, Yejun. “Large Eddy Simulation of dispersed multiphase flow.” 2012. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Gong Y. Large Eddy Simulation of dispersed multiphase flow. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Michigan Technological University; 2012. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds/729.

Council of Science Editors:

Gong Y. Large Eddy Simulation of dispersed multiphase flow. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Michigan Technological University; 2012. Available from: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds/729

University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign

16. Motily, Austen. Evaluation of hot surface ignition device performance with high-pressure kerosene fuel sprays.

Degree: MS, Mechanical Engineering, 2020, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/107927

► Among the range of commercially feasible propulsion systems, compression ignition (CI) engines present many advantages for light-duty vehicle operation. In particular, CI engines remain an… (more)

▼ Among the range of commercially feasible propulsion systems, compression ignition (CI) engines present many advantages for light-duty vehicle operation. In particular, CI engines remain an optimal choice for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) designed to operate at moderate flight speeds. However, one of the primary limitations of CI engines is that they require well-characterized, highly-reactive diesel fuel to operate properly. As the United States Department of Defense implements the single fuel concept and with global efforts to develop alternatively derived fuels, it is paramount that modern CI engines have the capability to perform with a diverse variety of fuel types. At its core, this challenge can be framed as an ignition problem, where low reactivity fuels and extreme operating conditions result in long ignition delays, engine misfires, and power loss. It is for this reason that novel ignition devices be developed to support reliable CI engine operation. Hot surface energy addition devices are a promising technology to improve ignition behavior, but the mechanisms by which the heating element supports the ignition process are not well understood. This study evaluates the performance and limitations of commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) heating elements in functioning as continuous-use ignition devices for kerosene-fueled CI engines. Furthermore, it examines the interaction between a single high-pressure fuel spray with a hot surface device in order to identify the most important parameters for optimizing ignition behavior. Results of these experiments demonstrate that existing heating elements can accelerate the ignition process for fuels with a wide range of reactivities, assuming a sufficient surface temperature can be achieved. Reaching these temperatures in an engine environment and maintaining these temperatures for long periods of operation, with acceptable heating element durability, will be the primary challenges in developing next-generation ignition systems. Advisors/Committee Members: Lee, Tonghun (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Hot surface ignition; Rapid compression machine; Fuel spray ignition; Energy assisted ignition; High-pressure fuel spray; Ignition modes; Ignition device; Fuel spray heat release; Low-reactivity fuels; High-speed chemiluminescence imaging

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APA (6^th Edition):

Motily, A. (2020). Evaluation of hot surface ignition device performance with high-pressure kerosene fuel sprays. (Thesis). University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2142/107927

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Motily, Austen. “Evaluation of hot surface ignition device performance with high-pressure kerosene fuel sprays.” 2020. Thesis, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Accessed March 04, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2142/107927.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Motily, Austen. “Evaluation of hot surface ignition device performance with high-pressure kerosene fuel sprays.” 2020. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Motily A. Evaluation of hot surface ignition device performance with high-pressure kerosene fuel sprays. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2020. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/107927.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Motily A. Evaluation of hot surface ignition device performance with high-pressure kerosene fuel sprays. [Thesis]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2020. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/107927

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Indian Institute of Science

17. Sinha, Anubhav. Experimental and Numerical Studies on Spray in Crossflow.

Degree: PhD, Faculty of Engineering, 2018, Indian Institute of Science

URL: http://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/3058

► The phenomenon of spray in crossflow is of relevance in gas turbine combustor development. The current work focuses on spray in crossflow rather than liquid… (more)

▼ The phenomenon of spray in crossflow is of relevance in gas turbine combustor development. The current work focuses on spray in crossflow rather than liquid jet in crossflow from the standpoint of enhancing fuel dispersion and mixing. Specifically, the first part of the work involves study of spray structure, droplet sizing, and velocimetry for sprays of water and ethanol in a crossflow under ambient conditions. Laser-based diagnostic techniques such as Particle/Droplet Image Analysis (PDIA) and Particle Tracking Velocimetry (PTV) are utilized. Using spray structure images, trajectory equations are derived by multi-variable regression. It is found that the spray trajectory depends only on the two-phase momentum ratio and is independent of other flow parameters. A generalized correlation for the spray trajectory is proposed incorporating the liquid surface tension, which is found to be effective for our data, with water and ethanol, as well as data on Jet-A from the literature for a wide variety of operating conditions. An interesting phenomenon of spatial bifurcation of the spray is observed at low Gas-to-Liquid ratios (GLRs). The reason for this phenomenon is attributed to the co-existence of large and highly deformed ligaments along with much smaller droplets at low GLR conditions. The smaller droplets lose their vertical momentum rapidly leading to lower penetration, whereas the larger ligaments/droplets penetrate much more due to their larger momentum leading to a spatial separation of the two streams. The second part of the study focuses on evaporating sprays in preheated crossflow. Experiments are conducted using ethanol, decane, Jet-A1 fuel, and a two-component surrogate for Jet-A1 fuel. The crossflow air is heated up to 418 K and the effect of evaporation is studied on spray trajectory and droplet sizes. Measured droplet sizes and velocities at two successive locations are used to estimate droplet evaporation lifetimes. Evaporation constant for the d2 law derived from the droplet lifetimes represents the first-ever data for the above-mentioned liquids under forced convective conditions. This data can be used to validate multi-component droplet evaporation models. The last part of the study focuses on Large Eddy Simulations (LES) of the spray in crossflow. The near-nozzle spray structure is investigated experimentally to obtain droplet size and velocity distributions that are used as inputs to the computational model. For the spray in crossflow under ambient conditions, trajectory and droplet sizes at different locations are compared with experimental results. While the predicted trajectory is found to be in good agreement with data, the predicted droplet sizes are larger than the measured values. This is attributed to the implicit assumption in the secondary breakup model that the droplets are spherical, whereas the experimental data in the near-nozzle region clearly shows presence of mostly ligaments and non-spherical droplets, especially for the low GLR cases. A modified breakup model is found to lead to… Advisors/Committee Members: Ravikrishna, R V (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Crossflow Spray; Fuel Injection; Gar Turbine Combustors; Spray Injection; Spray Trajectory; Airblast Sprays; Spray Droplet Sizing; Crossflow Spray Simulation; Droplet Distortion; Large Eddy Simulations (LES); Particle/Droplet Image Analysis (PDIA); Particle Tracking Velocimetry (PTV); Mechanical Engineering

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APA (6^th Edition):

Sinha, A. (2018). Experimental and Numerical Studies on Spray in Crossflow. (Doctoral Dissertation). Indian Institute of Science. Retrieved from http://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/3058

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Sinha, Anubhav. “Experimental and Numerical Studies on Spray in Crossflow.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, Indian Institute of Science. Accessed March 04, 2021. http://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/3058.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Sinha, Anubhav. “Experimental and Numerical Studies on Spray in Crossflow.” 2018. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Sinha A. Experimental and Numerical Studies on Spray in Crossflow. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Indian Institute of Science; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: http://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/3058.

Council of Science Editors:

Sinha A. Experimental and Numerical Studies on Spray in Crossflow. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Indian Institute of Science; 2018. Available from: http://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/3058

18. Tinprabath, Padipan. L'Influence des propriétés physiques et chimiques du biodiesel, Diesel et de leur mélange sur l’injection et le spray : The influence of physical properties of biodiesel, Diesel and their blended fuels on injection and spray.

Degree: Docteur es, Energétique, 2015, Université d'Orléans

URL: http://www.theses.fr/2015ORLE2019

►

Le biodiesel est un carburant très intéressant car du fait de son caractère renouvelable il augmente la sécurité énergétique et est plus respectueux de l'environnement.… (more)

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Le biodiesel est un carburant très intéressant car du fait de son caractère renouvelable il augmente la sécurité énergétique et est plus respectueux de l'environnement. De plus il a un indice de cétane plus élevé et une plus faible teneur en soufre et en aromatique que le Diesel pur. Les principaux inconvénients de biodiesel sont sa viscosité élevée, sa faible teneur en énergie, un point trouble et le point d'écoulement plus élevé, une émission d'oxyde d'azote (NOx) plus élevée lors de sa combustion et un coût élevé. Cependant, de nombreux pays peuvent produire leur propre biodiesel et assurer des mélanges d’une teneur entre 2 et 20% de biodiesel avec du carburant diesel. Les nouvelles normes Euro VI impliquent des problèmes liés au démarrage à froid. Pour approfondir notre compréhension de ces mélanges, il est nécessaire de tester un plus large éventail de carburants de 10 à 50% de biodiesel jusqu’à -8°C pour pallier le manque d’information dans la littérature. La présente thèse porte sur une étude expérimentale sur l'influence des propriétés physiques et chimiques des mélanges de carburants Biodiesel/Diesel sur l'injection : taux et répartition des sprays dans des conditions de non évaporation. L'originalité de l'approche concerne la définition d'une matrice de carburant (un total de neuf combustibles) dont les propriétés sont modifiées via le pourcentage de biodiesel ou la température. En outre tous les stades de l'injection diesel sont considérés. Des expériences ont été menées en enceinte contrôlée en température. L'analyse se concentre principalement sur la phase quasi-stationnaire de l'événement d'injection et les résultats expérimentaux sont disponibles pour calibrer des modèles physiques et de nouvelles corrélations empiriques sont proposées.

Biodiesel is a very interesting fuel because it is renewable, thus increasing energy security, it is environmentally friendly, and it has a higher cetane number and a lower sulfur and aromatic content than pure Diesel. The main disadvantages of biodiesel are its higher viscosity, lower energy content, higher cloud point and pour point, higher nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions, lower power and high cost. However, many countries can produce their own biodiesel and blends with diesel fuel of 2–20%. The new Euro VI standards involve problems related to cold-start. To further our understanding of these mixtures, it is necessary to test a larger range of fuels with a biodiesel fraction of 10 to 50%, and under cold temperatures, no information is available in the literature, however, on the injection rate and spray penetration of Diesel–Biodiesel blends in cold conditions. The present thesis focuses on an experimental study of the Influence of physical and chemical properties of biodiesel, Diesel and their blended fuels on injection and spray for Diesel engine application. The originality of the approach concerns the definition of a fuel matrix (a total of 9 fuels) for which properties are varied by varying the percentage of biodiesel and the temperature. Moreover all the…

Advisors/Committee Members: Foucher, Fabrice (thesis director), Chanchaona, Somchai (thesis director).

Subjects/Keywords: Mélange entre diesel et biodiesel; Propriétés des carburants; Taux d’introduction; Comportement du spray; Biodiesel Bend; Fuel Properties; Injection Rate; Spray Behavior; 665.538 4

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Tinprabath, P. (2015). L'Influence des propriétés physiques et chimiques du biodiesel, Diesel et de leur mélange sur l’injection et le spray : The influence of physical properties of biodiesel, Diesel and their blended fuels on injection and spray. (Doctoral Dissertation). Université d'Orléans. Retrieved from http://www.theses.fr/2015ORLE2019

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Tinprabath, Padipan. “L'Influence des propriétés physiques et chimiques du biodiesel, Diesel et de leur mélange sur l’injection et le spray : The influence of physical properties of biodiesel, Diesel and their blended fuels on injection and spray.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, Université d'Orléans. Accessed March 04, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2015ORLE2019.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Tinprabath, Padipan. “L'Influence des propriétés physiques et chimiques du biodiesel, Diesel et de leur mélange sur l’injection et le spray : The influence of physical properties of biodiesel, Diesel and their blended fuels on injection and spray.” 2015. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Tinprabath P. L'Influence des propriétés physiques et chimiques du biodiesel, Diesel et de leur mélange sur l’injection et le spray : The influence of physical properties of biodiesel, Diesel and their blended fuels on injection and spray. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Université d'Orléans; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: http://www.theses.fr/2015ORLE2019.

Council of Science Editors:

Tinprabath P. L'Influence des propriétés physiques et chimiques du biodiesel, Diesel et de leur mélange sur l’injection et le spray : The influence of physical properties of biodiesel, Diesel and their blended fuels on injection and spray. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Université d'Orléans; 2015. Available from: http://www.theses.fr/2015ORLE2019

INP Toulouse

19. Lamiel, Quentin. Analysis of spray-wall impingement, fuel film spreading and vaporisation for reciprocating engine applications : Analyse du mouillage, du développement et de l’évaporation d’un film liquide pour des applications moteurs automobiles.

Degree: Docteur es, Energétique et Transferts, 2019, INP Toulouse

URL: http://www.theses.fr/2019INPT0092

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Le transport routier est responsable d’une partie des émissions de polluants sur la planète. Conscient de ce problème, des lois sur les émissions des véhicules… (more)

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Le transport routier est responsable d’une partie des émissions de polluants sur la planète. Conscient de ce problème, des lois sur les émissions des véhicules sont régulièrement votées afin de réduire l’impact environnemental du transport automobile. Ces lois de plus en plus restrictives ont poussé les fabricants automobiles à réduire la taille des moteurs essence et à utiliser des procédés d’injection directe afin d’augmenter le ratio puissance/volume des moteurs et réduire la consommation. Cependant avec l’utilisation de l’injection directe, de nouveaux problèmes apparaissent, notamment la production de particules fines, elles-mêmes réglementées. Cette thèse s’inscrit dans ce cadre. En effet, les films liquides engendrés par l’injection de carburant sont identifiés comme principaux responsables de la production de particules. Dans ce contexte, les films liquides sont étudiés expérimentalement à l’aide d’un injecteur haute pression disposant de 3 trous. Les aspects dynamiques de création et d’étalement du film liquides sont étudiés et modélisés. S’en suit une étude thermique de l’interaction entre le spray et la paroi. Afin de caractériser les pertes de chaleur observées lors de l’impact, ces pertes thermiques étant responsables d’un délai dans la vaporisation du carburant et donc d’inhomogénéités du mélange au moment de la combustion, une modélisation de ces pertes et du transfert thermique associé est aussi proposée. Enfin une étude des taux d’évaporation de plusieurs alcanes purs puis de mélanges est proposée. Ces mesures ont servi à la calibration d’un modèle numérique d’évaporation de films fins de carburants sur des parois chaudes. Autour de ces différentes études, une campagne d’essais moteurs a été effectuée. L’objectif est de confirmer que les études expérimentales faites en laboratoires sont bien transposables (moyennant la prise de certaines précautions) aux moteurs automobiles. Les conclusions des différentes études sont finalementproposées

The road transport is responsible of a considerable amount of pollutants emissions at the worldwide scale. To tackle this issue, many laws are trying to give a framework to reduce the emissions at the global scale. The law are always more restrictive, and they oriented the car manufacturers to the reduction of their gasoline engine size. This phenomenon, called downsizing, lead to the use of direct injection in order to improve the power/volume ratio of the engine. However, with direct injection the problem of particle emissions arose. Indeed, the liquid film generated during the injection process are responsible of inhomogeneities in the combustion chamber which lead to particles formation. In this context, the study of the fuel films in the combustion chamber is a major concern. To perform this study several experimental apparatus are designed in this thesis. A high-pressure 3-hole solenoid injector is used in order to generate liquid films. The generation and the spreading of the liquid films is observed and modelled. Then the thermal aspects of the spray…

Advisors/Committee Members: Legendre, Dominique (thesis director).

Subjects/Keywords: Injection; Haute Pression; Spray; Transfert thermiques; Automobile; Étalement; Multicomposant; Modélisation; Carburant, Expérimental, Moteur; Injection; High-pressure; Spray; Heat transfer; Automotive; Spreading; Multi-component; Modelling; Fuel; Experimental - Engine

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Lamiel, Q. (2019). Analysis of spray-wall impingement, fuel film spreading and vaporisation for reciprocating engine applications : Analyse du mouillage, du développement et de l’évaporation d’un film liquide pour des applications moteurs automobiles. (Doctoral Dissertation). INP Toulouse. Retrieved from http://www.theses.fr/2019INPT0092

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Lamiel, Quentin. “Analysis of spray-wall impingement, fuel film spreading and vaporisation for reciprocating engine applications : Analyse du mouillage, du développement et de l’évaporation d’un film liquide pour des applications moteurs automobiles.” 2019. Doctoral Dissertation, INP Toulouse. Accessed March 04, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2019INPT0092.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Lamiel, Quentin. “Analysis of spray-wall impingement, fuel film spreading and vaporisation for reciprocating engine applications : Analyse du mouillage, du développement et de l’évaporation d’un film liquide pour des applications moteurs automobiles.” 2019. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Lamiel Q. Analysis of spray-wall impingement, fuel film spreading and vaporisation for reciprocating engine applications : Analyse du mouillage, du développement et de l’évaporation d’un film liquide pour des applications moteurs automobiles. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. INP Toulouse; 2019. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: http://www.theses.fr/2019INPT0092.

Council of Science Editors:

Lamiel Q. Analysis of spray-wall impingement, fuel film spreading and vaporisation for reciprocating engine applications : Analyse du mouillage, du développement et de l’évaporation d’un film liquide pour des applications moteurs automobiles. [Doctoral Dissertation]. INP Toulouse; 2019. Available from: http://www.theses.fr/2019INPT0092

20. Williams, Aimee. The role of droplets in the autoignition of a polydisperse Jet-A spray in vitiated co-flow.

Degree: PhD, Aerospace Engineering, 2019, Georgia Tech

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/61748

► The objective of this study is to understand the underlying mechanisms of autoignition of a polydisperse fuel spray. Understanding and predicting autoignition of fuel sprays… (more)

▼ The objective of this study is to understand the underlying mechanisms of autoignition of a polydisperse fuel spray. Understanding and predicting autoignition of fuel sprays is important to the design of modern gas turbine engines, especially in the interest of developing a flame-holder-less afterburner concept. In this system, liquid fuel is injected into a high temperature, flowing, vitiated air flow. Previous studies of fuel spray autoignition have suggested multiple mechanisms for a fuel spray to autoignite, including single droplet and droplet cloud ignition behavior. The majority of liquid-fueled autoignition studies have been parametric in nature and describe the overall effect of droplet size, equivalence ratio, turbulence intensity, etc. on ignition delay time but do not investigate the phenomena controlling the local behavior of autoignition kernel formation and growth. Autoignition studies of cold gaseous fuel jets in hot oxidizer cross flows have shown the importance of local mixture fraction. A test facility was developed that is capable of reproducing flow conditions in an aero-engine reheat combustor. Fuel is injected using a reproduction of a commercially available spray nozzle installed on an aerodynamically shaped body centered in the flow by three aerodynamic pylons. High speed chemiluminescence and UV PLIF were used to determine the dependence of the locations where autoignition kernels form, upon the flow temperature and velocity. Analysis of the scatter in the time-resolved ignition locations revealed the importance of temperature fluctuations in the vitiated flow. Specifically, the most upstream ignition locations likely correspond to the hottest and, therefore, most reactive fluid packets. The distribution of the fuel spray was found to affect the appearance of most upstream autoignition kernels. A near stationary (on average) flame was found to exist at high co-flow temperatures, being stabilized by autoignition as distinct kernels were formed upstream of the main flame region. Advisors/Committee Members: Seitzman, Jerry (advisor), Zinn, Ben T. (advisor), Jagoda, Jechiel (committee member), Oefelein, Joseph (committee member), Lovett, Jeffrey (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Autoignition; Fuel spray; PLIF; High-speed chemiluminscence; Jet-A spray

…Co-Flow Uniformity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Fuel Spray… …91 5.1 Comparison of Fuel Spray with Autoignition Kernel Initiation Locations . . 91 5.2… …55 3.12 Calculated flow field of fuel spray at T = 1065K, u = 43.3m/s . . . . . . . 56 3.13… …dense fuel spray region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 5.9 Autoignition kernel… …dense fuel spray region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 5.10 Definition of…

10 more images…

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Williams, A. (2019). The role of droplets in the autoignition of a polydisperse Jet-A spray in vitiated co-flow. (Doctoral Dissertation). Georgia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1853/61748

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Williams, Aimee. “The role of droplets in the autoignition of a polydisperse Jet-A spray in vitiated co-flow.” 2019. Doctoral Dissertation, Georgia Tech. Accessed March 04, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/61748.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Williams, Aimee. “The role of droplets in the autoignition of a polydisperse Jet-A spray in vitiated co-flow.” 2019. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Williams A. The role of droplets in the autoignition of a polydisperse Jet-A spray in vitiated co-flow. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Georgia Tech; 2019. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/61748.

Council of Science Editors:

Williams A. The role of droplets in the autoignition of a polydisperse Jet-A spray in vitiated co-flow. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Georgia Tech; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/61748

21. Kaario, Ossi. The Influence of Certain Submodels on Diesel Engine Modeling Results.

Degree: 2007, Helsinki University of Technology

URL: http://lib.tkk.fi/Diss/2007/isbn9789512286645/

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This thesis considers several aspects of the application of CFD to the study of diesel engines. In this work, certain submodels used in diesel engine… (more)

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This thesis considers several aspects of the application of CFD to the study of diesel engines. In this work, certain submodels used in diesel engine modeling have been compared and analyzed. The submodels studied are related to the modeling of turbulence, drop breakup, ignition, chemistry, combustion, and emissions. Most of the submodels have been used extensively in different engines and with different engine loads. Many of the models have been implemented by the author and some of the models have been modified for better predictive capabilities. The results from the comparison of turbulence models showed that the best pressure trend predictive capabilities were with a modified version of the RNG k-ε turbulence model. The tests using a LES model for turbulence showed, however, that more research is needed before it can be applied completely. Considering droplet breakup modeling, good results were obtained in terms of spray penetration and drop sizes with different models. It was also observed that even more important than the chosen drop breakup model is the proper tuning of the chosen model according to the experimental conditions. Comparison of two different ignition treatments revealed that, especially under low-load conditions, accurate modeling of the ignition process becomes important. The results from different descriptions of the main chemistry, as well as from the comparison of two very different mixing models of combustion, suggest that the mixing-limited assumption in the modeling of the heat release rate in diesel engines is a good approximation. Soot emissions have been predicted with the Hiroyasu-Magnussen soot model, as well as with a proposed soot model that is based on available soot Phi-T maps. The developed soot model was compared with the Hiroyasu-Magnussen model with different engine loads and to the measured soot emissions, and it was observed to yield promising results.

Tässä väitöskirjassa tarkastellaan dieselmoottorien kehitystyössä käytettävien numeeristen osamallien vaikutuksia simulointituloksiin ja vaikutusten merkitystä simulointitulosten kannalta. Eri osamalleja ja niiden vaikutuksia on analysoitu ja vertailtu useissa eri moottoreissa ja käyttötilanteissa. Osamallit liittyvät turbulenssin, pisaroiden hajoamisen, polttoainehöyryn syttymisen, kemiallisten reaktioiden, palamisen kuvauksen ja päästöjen syntymisen mallintamiseen. Monet osamalleista on liitetty virtauslaskentaohjelmistoon kirjoittajan toimesta ja joitakin malleja on modifioitu niiden ennustusominaisuuksien parantamiseksi. Turbulenssimallien vertailu osoitti, että parhaan sylinterin painekäyrän ennustekyvyn antoi modifioitu RNG k-ε malli. LES-mallinnus sopii moottoreille hyvin mutta työssä huomattiin, että LES-mallinnusta tulee vielä kehittää, jotta siitä saadaan varteenotettava työkalu. Pisaroiden hajoamisen mallinnuksessa suihkujen tunkeumat ja pisarakoot vastasivat hyvin mitattuja tuloksia. Työssä havaittiin myös, että vielä tärkeämpää kuin sopivan pisaroiden hajoamismallin valinta, on valitun mallin säätäminen…

Advisors/Committee Members: Helsinki University of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory.

Subjects/Keywords: diesel combustion modeling; computational fluid dynamics; turbulence; fuel spray; emissions; dieselmoottorin palamisen simulointi; virtauslaskenta; turbulenssi; polttoainesuihku; päästöt

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APA (6^th Edition):

Kaario, O. (2007). The Influence of Certain Submodels on Diesel Engine Modeling Results. (Thesis). Helsinki University of Technology. Retrieved from http://lib.tkk.fi/Diss/2007/isbn9789512286645/

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kaario, Ossi. “The Influence of Certain Submodels on Diesel Engine Modeling Results.” 2007. Thesis, Helsinki University of Technology. Accessed March 04, 2021. http://lib.tkk.fi/Diss/2007/isbn9789512286645/.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kaario, Ossi. “The Influence of Certain Submodels on Diesel Engine Modeling Results.” 2007. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Kaario O. The Influence of Certain Submodels on Diesel Engine Modeling Results. [Internet] [Thesis]. Helsinki University of Technology; 2007. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: http://lib.tkk.fi/Diss/2007/isbn9789512286645/.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Kaario O. The Influence of Certain Submodels on Diesel Engine Modeling Results. [Thesis]. Helsinki University of Technology; 2007. Available from: http://lib.tkk.fi/Diss/2007/isbn9789512286645/

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Michigan

22. Chryssakis, Christos. A unified fuel spray breakup model for internal combustion engine applications.

Degree: PhD, Mechanical engineering, 2005, University of Michigan

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/125326

► A unified approach towards modeling fuel sprays for internal combustion engines has been developed in this work. Based on a Lagrangian approach, the fuel injection… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Applications; Breakup; Fuel Spray; Internal Combustion Engine; Model; Unified

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Chryssakis, C. (2005). A unified fuel spray breakup model for internal combustion engine applications. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Michigan. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/125326

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Chryssakis, Christos. “A unified fuel spray breakup model for internal combustion engine applications.” 2005. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Michigan. Accessed March 04, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/125326.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Chryssakis, Christos. “A unified fuel spray breakup model for internal combustion engine applications.” 2005. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Chryssakis C. A unified fuel spray breakup model for internal combustion engine applications. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Michigan; 2005. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/125326.

Council of Science Editors:

Chryssakis C. A unified fuel spray breakup model for internal combustion engine applications. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Michigan; 2005. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/125326

Texas A&M University

23. Zhang, Xiaohua. Small Engine Flash Vapor JP-8 Fuel Injector Testing, Simulation and Development.

Degree: PhD, Mechanical Engineering, 2014, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/174186

► Following U.S. Army’s single fuel initiative, Wankel rotary engines used in U.S. Army’s shadow unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) need to be retrofitted from running on… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: fuel injector; flash heating; JP-8; Wankel rotary engine; multi-physics modeling; spray measurement; ignition test

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APA (6^th Edition):

Zhang, X. (2014). Small Engine Flash Vapor JP-8 Fuel Injector Testing, Simulation and Development. (Doctoral Dissertation). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/174186

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Zhang, Xiaohua. “Small Engine Flash Vapor JP-8 Fuel Injector Testing, Simulation and Development.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, Texas A&M University. Accessed March 04, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/174186.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Zhang, Xiaohua. “Small Engine Flash Vapor JP-8 Fuel Injector Testing, Simulation and Development.” 2014. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Zhang X. Small Engine Flash Vapor JP-8 Fuel Injector Testing, Simulation and Development. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/174186.

Council of Science Editors:

Zhang X. Small Engine Flash Vapor JP-8 Fuel Injector Testing, Simulation and Development. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/174186

Universitat Politècnica de València

24. Vera-Tudela Fajardo, Walter Martin. An experimental study of the effects of fuel properties on diesel spray processes using blends of single-component fuels .

Degree: 2015, Universitat Politècnica de València

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10251/58865

► [EN] This last few years, the trend in diesel engines has been to use different kinds of fuels to identify their influence and behaviour on… (more)

▼ [EN] This last few years, the trend in diesel engines has been to use different kinds of fuels to identify their influence and behaviour on the emissions and performance. Among the wide variety of fuels employed are the so called Primary Reference Fuels (PRFs), which represent the behaviour of diesel and gasoline in terms of ignition properties, as they are located at both ends of the octane rating scale and also have very different cetane numbers. One of the disadvantages of using pure gasoline or diesel-gasoline blends in diesel engines is the time needed for the mixture to ignite and to completely burn the fuel. This generally requires working with partial loads or with premixed charges. In order to isolate the fuel effects on the spray processes and to be able to study the characteristic parameters of ignition delay time, lift-off length, vapour and liquid penetration, among others; different experiments under parametric variations of diesel like conditions have been performed. The tests were performed under inert and reactive conditions in a 2-stroke optical engine and a constant-pressure flow (CPF) high-pressure high-temperature vessel using single-hole nozzles, while diverse optical techniques were being employed. To study the influence of the fuel properties, different single-component fuels were employed as well as binary blends and a six-component diesel surrogate, which was also compared to conventional diesel. Additionally, the results have been contrasted with a one-dimensional model in order to further explain the values and trends found. The results presented a strong dependency on the fuel properties for the tests performed under inert and reactive conditions. The difference in physical properties of n-decane and n-hexadecane showed an almost linear reduction of the stabilized liquid penetration down to approximately 60% under some conditions. Additionally, due to the composition of the surrogate fuel, pure n-hexadecane was demonstrated to have almost identical evaporation characteristics, hence proving itself as a good candidate for a single-component surrogate of diesel fuel. In a similar way, the chemical properties of the PRFs n-heptane and iso-octane also proved to be influential on the spray development and radiation emitted. Ignition delay values up to one order of magnitude larger where obtained for both extremes of the blend range, as well as lift-off lengths up to three times longer. The radiation emitted by the soot incandescence presented the highest variations, as some conditions showed a reduction of almost four orders of magnitude among the blend range. Moreover, some cases did not present any radiation corresponding to the soot, and increasing the sensitivity of the camera only caused the chemiluminescence of the OH* radical to be captured. On a different way, the stabilized flame length determined also by the soot radiation did not present much variation as the fuel properties or the air temperature were changed; in fact, the only noticeable differences were caused by the changes… Advisors/Committee Members: Desantes Fernández, José Mª (advisor), García Oliver, José María (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Primary Reference Fuel; Diesel spray; Combustion; Lift-off length; Evaporation model; Liquid-vapor equilibrium; Fugacity coefficient; Peng-Robinson EoS; Liquid length

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Vera-Tudela Fajardo, W. M. (2015). An experimental study of the effects of fuel properties on diesel spray processes using blends of single-component fuels . (Doctoral Dissertation). Universitat Politècnica de València. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10251/58865

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Vera-Tudela Fajardo, Walter Martin. “An experimental study of the effects of fuel properties on diesel spray processes using blends of single-component fuels .” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, Universitat Politècnica de València. Accessed March 04, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/58865.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Vera-Tudela Fajardo, Walter Martin. “An experimental study of the effects of fuel properties on diesel spray processes using blends of single-component fuels .” 2015. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Vera-Tudela Fajardo WM. An experimental study of the effects of fuel properties on diesel spray processes using blends of single-component fuels . [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Universitat Politècnica de València; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10251/58865.

Council of Science Editors:

Vera-Tudela Fajardo WM. An experimental study of the effects of fuel properties on diesel spray processes using blends of single-component fuels . [Doctoral Dissertation]. Universitat Politècnica de València; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10251/58865

25. Kontoulis, Panagiotis. Computational study and optimization of flow and combustion processes in marine engines operating with heavy fuel oil.

Degree: 2019, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA); Εθνικό Μετσόβιο Πολυτεχνείο (ΕΜΠ)

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10442/hedi/46372

► Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) is the predominant marine fuel. Its future use will be affected by the global 0.50% sulfur cap entering into force in… (more)

▼ Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) is the predominant marine fuel. Its future use will be affected by the global 0.50% sulfur cap entering into force in 2020. It is widely accepted nowadays that Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) studies can substantially contribute to understanding and optimizing engine aerothermochemistry, provided that the key in-cylinder processes, namely, spray break-up, evaporation, fuel-air mixing, ignition and combustion, are properly accounted for in the frame of CFD modeling. The present thesis constitutes an extensive computational CFD study of non-reactive and reactive HFO spray physics in the context of marine engines, including applications of optimizing HFO injection in large two-stroke marine engines. The study is supported by experiments. In this frame, a new integrated model for calculating the thermophysical properties of marine HFO has been developed in the present work. The model considers HFO as an equivalent one-component heavy petroleum fraction with undefined composition, and requires as input four values of fuel bulk properties, commonly measured at fuel bunkering. Thus, the model accounts for any HFO quality stored onboard a vessel. The model predicts a large set of fuel properties relevant for engine CFD studies, including temperature dependence. Further, model validation is performed by means of measurements of a number of properties of different HFO qualities. Next, the new model is applied to calculate the thermophysical properties of seven widely used marine heavy fuel grades as prescribed by ISO 8217:2010. Also, the model is tested with CFD simulations of non-reactive HFO spray flow in a large constant volume chamber, and the results are compared against recent experiments. Here, spray modeling is based on a proper adaptation of the cascade atomization and drop break-up (CAB) model. All computational results are in very good agreement with experiments. Moreover, the new detailed model of HFO thermophysical properties is utilized for extensive CFD studies of HFO ignition and combustion in a large spray combustion chamber (SCC) and in a large marine engine; results are compared against existing and recent experiments, for two HFO qualities. A new kinetic model accounting for HFO aromaticity is developed and used for ignition modeling. Computational results are reported for reactive spray flow in the SCC, and are in good agreement with experimental data. The effects of HFO preheating on spray development are demonstrated. Finally, simulation results in a large marine engine are in good agreement with experiments in terms of pressure, heat release rate and pollutant emissions. Overall, the present modeling is shown to be appropriate for detailed CFD studies of HFO spray flow and combustion in marine engines.In a final step, multi-objective optimization is deployed to investigate the effects of a three-pulse HFO injection strategy (pilot-, main- and post-injection) on Specific Fuel Oil Consumption (SFOC) and the final concentration of nitric oxides (NOX) and soot of a large two-stroke…

Subjects/Keywords: Βαρύ καύσιμο; Υπολογιστική ρευστοδυναμική; Θερμοφυσικές ιδιότητες; Έναυση; Ναυτικοί κινητήρες; Heavy fuel oil; CFD; Spray combustion chamber; Thermophysical properties; Ignition; Marine engines

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APA (6^th Edition):

Kontoulis, P. (2019). Computational study and optimization of flow and combustion processes in marine engines operating with heavy fuel oil. (Thesis). National Technical University of Athens (NTUA); Εθνικό Μετσόβιο Πολυτεχνείο (ΕΜΠ). Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10442/hedi/46372

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kontoulis, Panagiotis. “Computational study and optimization of flow and combustion processes in marine engines operating with heavy fuel oil.” 2019. Thesis, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA); Εθνικό Μετσόβιο Πολυτεχνείο (ΕΜΠ). Accessed March 04, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10442/hedi/46372.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kontoulis, Panagiotis. “Computational study and optimization of flow and combustion processes in marine engines operating with heavy fuel oil.” 2019. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Kontoulis P. Computational study and optimization of flow and combustion processes in marine engines operating with heavy fuel oil. [Internet] [Thesis]. National Technical University of Athens (NTUA); Εθνικό Μετσόβιο Πολυτεχνείο (ΕΜΠ); 2019. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10442/hedi/46372.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Kontoulis P. Computational study and optimization of flow and combustion processes in marine engines operating with heavy fuel oil. [Thesis]. National Technical University of Athens (NTUA); Εθνικό Μετσόβιο Πολυτεχνείο (ΕΜΠ); 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10442/hedi/46372

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Georgia Tech

26. De La Camara Castillo, Carlos. Reconstruction of Planar Fuel Concentration in a Diesel Spray from Line-Of-Sight Diffuse Back Illumination Imaging.

Degree: MS, Mechanical Engineering, 2020, Georgia Tech

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/64203

► The main topic of this thesis is to evaluate the use of Abel inversion methods to reconstruct the planar fuel concentration field of a diesel… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Diesel spray; Reconstruction; Planar measurement; Line-of-sight measurements; Fuel concentration; Inverse Abel transform; UV-Vis DBI

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APA (6^th Edition):

De La Camara Castillo, C. (2020). Reconstruction of Planar Fuel Concentration in a Diesel Spray from Line-Of-Sight Diffuse Back Illumination Imaging. (Masters Thesis). Georgia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1853/64203

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

De La Camara Castillo, Carlos. “Reconstruction of Planar Fuel Concentration in a Diesel Spray from Line-Of-Sight Diffuse Back Illumination Imaging.” 2020. Masters Thesis, Georgia Tech. Accessed March 04, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/64203.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

De La Camara Castillo, Carlos. “Reconstruction of Planar Fuel Concentration in a Diesel Spray from Line-Of-Sight Diffuse Back Illumination Imaging.” 2020. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

De La Camara Castillo C. Reconstruction of Planar Fuel Concentration in a Diesel Spray from Line-Of-Sight Diffuse Back Illumination Imaging. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Georgia Tech; 2020. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/64203.

Council of Science Editors:

De La Camara Castillo C. Reconstruction of Planar Fuel Concentration in a Diesel Spray from Line-Of-Sight Diffuse Back Illumination Imaging. [Masters Thesis]. Georgia Tech; 2020. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/64203

Michigan Technological University

27. Zhao, Le. AN EXPERIMENTAL AND COMPUTATIONAL STUDY OF FUEL SPRAY INTERACTION: FUNDAMENTALS AND ENGINE APPLICATIONS.

Degree: PhD, Department of Mechanical Engineering-Engineering Mechanics, 2018, Michigan Technological University

URL: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etdr/636

► An efficient spray injection results in better vaporization and air-fuel mixing, leading to combustion stability and reduction of emissions in the internal combustion (IC)… (more)

▼ An efficient spray injection results in better vaporization and air-fuel mixing, leading to combustion stability and reduction of emissions in the internal combustion (IC) engines. The impingement of liquid fuels on chamber wall or piston surface in IC engines is a common phenomenon and fuel film formed in the spray-piston or cylinder wall impingement plays a critical role in engine performance and emissions. Therefore, the study of the spray impingement on the chamber wall or position surface is necessary. To understand the spray-wall interaction, a single droplet impingement on a solid surface with different conditions was first examined. The droplet-wall interaction outcomes, in particular focusing on the splashing criteria, were inspected and post-impingement characterizations including spreading factor, height ratio, contact line velocity, and dynamic contact angle was further analyzed based on the experimental data. The non-evaporation volume of fluid (VOF) model based on Eulerian approach was used to characterize single droplet impinging on the wall and provide a better understanding of the dynamic impact process. In addition, the study of droplet-to-droplet collision and multi-droplet impingement on a solid surface are performed, which is essential to aid in the spray-wall impingement investigation. As well, due to the evaporation drawing more attention during the engine combustion process, an evaporation VOF sub-model was developed and applied to multi-droplet impingement on a hot surface to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze the vaporizing process as droplets impacting onto the hot surface. After that, the non-vaporizing and vaporizing spray characteristics of spray-wall impingement at various operating conditions relevant to diesel engines were undertaken, with spray characterized using schlieren and Mie scattering diagnostics, as well as Refractive Index Matching (RIM) technique. Free and impinged spray structures and deposited wall-film formation and evaporation were qualitatively analyzed, spray properties and wall-film properties were quantified, and surface temperature and heat flux were measured. An Eulerian-Lagrangian modeling approach was employed to characterize the spray-wall interactions by means of a Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) formulation. The local spray characteristics in the vicinity of the wall and the local spray morphology near the impingement location were studied. Furthermore, multiple spray-to-spray collision derived from droplet-to-droplet collision, considering as one of the advanced injection strategies to enhance the engine performance, was studied at various gasoline engine conditions to explore the effect of colliding spray on spray related phenomena like atomization, vaporization, and mixing. Spray characteristics were obtained by the schlieren diagnostics and the experimental validated Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) simulations were based on Eulerian-Lagrangian approach to understand the mechanism behind the collisions of sprays and… Advisors/Committee Members: SEONG-YOUNG LEE.

Subjects/Keywords: fuel injection; droplet-wall impingement; spray-wall impingement; internal combustion engine; experiment; CFD; Heat Transfer, Combustion

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Zhao, L. (2018). AN EXPERIMENTAL AND COMPUTATIONAL STUDY OF FUEL SPRAY INTERACTION: FUNDAMENTALS AND ENGINE APPLICATIONS. (Doctoral Dissertation). Michigan Technological University. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etdr/636

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Zhao, Le. “AN EXPERIMENTAL AND COMPUTATIONAL STUDY OF FUEL SPRAY INTERACTION: FUNDAMENTALS AND ENGINE APPLICATIONS.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, Michigan Technological University. Accessed March 04, 2021. https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etdr/636.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Zhao, Le. “AN EXPERIMENTAL AND COMPUTATIONAL STUDY OF FUEL SPRAY INTERACTION: FUNDAMENTALS AND ENGINE APPLICATIONS.” 2018. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Zhao L. AN EXPERIMENTAL AND COMPUTATIONAL STUDY OF FUEL SPRAY INTERACTION: FUNDAMENTALS AND ENGINE APPLICATIONS. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Michigan Technological University; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etdr/636.

Council of Science Editors:

Zhao L. AN EXPERIMENTAL AND COMPUTATIONAL STUDY OF FUEL SPRAY INTERACTION: FUNDAMENTALS AND ENGINE APPLICATIONS. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Michigan Technological University; 2018. Available from: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etdr/636

University of Illinois – Chicago

28. Fu, Xiao. Partially Premixed Combustion in Counterflow Flame and Dual Fuel Compression Ignition Engine.

Degree: 2016, University of Illinois – Chicago

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10027/20168

► The overall objective of this research is to examine strategies for reducing NOx and soot emissions in diesel engine. The thesis has two parts. In… (more)

▼ The overall objective of this research is to examine strategies for reducing NOx and soot emissions in diesel engine. The thesis has two parts. In the first part, the effect of unsaturation or the presence of a double bond in the fuel molecular structure on NOx and soot formation is investigated. Simulations have been performed for partially premixed flames burning n-heptane and 1-heptene fuels in a counterflow configuration and a constant volume diesel combustion vessel to examine the effect of unsaturation at different level of partial premixing and strain rate. A validated detailed kinetic model with 198 species and 4932 reactions has been used in the counterflow flame simulations. Results indicate that the presence of unsaturated bond leads to increased formation of acetylene and propargyl through  scission reactions, resulting in higher prompt NO, PAH and soot in 1-heptene flames than in n-heptane flames. Since these results are obtained in laminar flames, the study is extended to examine the effect of double bond in spray flames at diesel engine conditions. 3-D simulations are performed using CFD code (CONVERGE) to examine the structure and emission characteristics of n-heptane and 1-heptene spray flames in a constant-volume combustion vessel. The directed relation graph methodology is used to develop a reduced mechanism (207 species and 4094 reactions) starting from the detailed mechanism (482 species and 19072 reactions). Results indicate that the combustion under diesel engine conditions is characterized by a double-flame structure with a rich premixed reaction zone (RPZ) near the flame stabilization region and a non-premixed reaction zone (NPZ) further downstream. Most of NOx is formed via thermal NO route in the NPZ, while PAH species are mainly formed in the RPZ. The presence of a double bond results in  scission reactions, leading to higher temperature and consequently higher NO in 1-heptene flame than that in n-heptane flame. It also leads to a significantly higher PAH species, implying increased soot emission in 1-heptene flame than that in n-heptane flame. Reaction path analysis indicated that this is due to significantly higher amounts of 1,3-butadiene and allene formed from  scission reactions due to the presence of double bond. In the second part of this research, a dual-fuel strategy for reducing emissions in a diesel engine has been examined. N-heptane and methane have been used as surrogates for diesel (pilot fuel) and natural gas (main fuel), respectively. The physical and chemical processes of dual-fuel combustion are simulated using CONVERGE and a reduced reaction mechanism (42 species, 168 reactions). The mechanism is validated against the experimental data for ignition and flame speed at engine relevant conditions. In engine simulations, methane is premixed with air during the intake, and then ignited by the n-heptane pilot injection. The heat release for the single-fuel case involves a hybrid combustion mode, characterized by rich premixed combustion and diffusion combustion,… Advisors/Committee Members: Aggarwal, Suresh K. (advisor), Brezinsky, Kenneth (committee member), Mashayek, Farzad (committee member), Som, Sibendu (committee member), Senecal, Peter K. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Fuel unsaturation; NOx and PAH emissions; counterflow partially premixed flame; n-heptane; 1-heptene; spray combustion; two stage ignition; dual fuel; diesel engine; NTC phenomenon

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APA (6^th Edition):

Fu, X. (2016). Partially Premixed Combustion in Counterflow Flame and Dual Fuel Compression Ignition Engine. (Thesis). University of Illinois – Chicago. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10027/20168

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Fu, Xiao. “Partially Premixed Combustion in Counterflow Flame and Dual Fuel Compression Ignition Engine.” 2016. Thesis, University of Illinois – Chicago. Accessed March 04, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10027/20168.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Fu, Xiao. “Partially Premixed Combustion in Counterflow Flame and Dual Fuel Compression Ignition Engine.” 2016. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Fu X. Partially Premixed Combustion in Counterflow Flame and Dual Fuel Compression Ignition Engine. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Illinois – Chicago; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10027/20168.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Fu X. Partially Premixed Combustion in Counterflow Flame and Dual Fuel Compression Ignition Engine. [Thesis]. University of Illinois – Chicago; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10027/20168

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

29. Twarog, Kyle. Investigation of a Non-Premixed Liquid Fuel Injector and Swirler Using a Purpose-Built Combustion Test Rig.

Degree: MS, Mechanical Engineering, 2018, University of Connecticut

URL: https://opencommons.uconn.edu/gs_theses/1322

► This effort presents a combustion test stand capable of conducting fundamental study of the flame region of a practical liquid fuel single element as… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: PIV PLIF Fuel Injector Spray Malvern Swirler Combustion Jet Fuel

…air flow, combustion, and spray diagnostics on a practical non-premixed liquid fuel single… …so as to record the spray pattern of each trial. The same syringe fuel pump described in… …Schematic Spray testing of the fuel injector was conducted using Jet-A and the Malvern analysis… …volume to surface area ratio as the spray itself, decreases as the fuel flow rate increases… …6: Spray Testing Results Volumetric Fuel Supply SMD Flow Rate Pressure (MPa)…

10 more images…

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APA (6^th Edition):

Twarog, K. (2018). Investigation of a Non-Premixed Liquid Fuel Injector and Swirler Using a Purpose-Built Combustion Test Rig. (Masters Thesis). University of Connecticut. Retrieved from https://opencommons.uconn.edu/gs_theses/1322

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Twarog, Kyle. “Investigation of a Non-Premixed Liquid Fuel Injector and Swirler Using a Purpose-Built Combustion Test Rig.” 2018. Masters Thesis, University of Connecticut. Accessed March 04, 2021. https://opencommons.uconn.edu/gs_theses/1322.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Twarog, Kyle. “Investigation of a Non-Premixed Liquid Fuel Injector and Swirler Using a Purpose-Built Combustion Test Rig.” 2018. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Twarog K. Investigation of a Non-Premixed Liquid Fuel Injector and Swirler Using a Purpose-Built Combustion Test Rig. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Connecticut; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: https://opencommons.uconn.edu/gs_theses/1322.

Council of Science Editors:

Twarog K. Investigation of a Non-Premixed Liquid Fuel Injector and Swirler Using a Purpose-Built Combustion Test Rig. [Masters Thesis]. University of Connecticut; 2018. Available from: https://opencommons.uconn.edu/gs_theses/1322

Georgia Tech

30. Reichel, Jonathan R. Parametric study of liquid fuel jet in crossflow at conditions typical of aerospace applications.

Degree: MS, Aerospace Engineering, 2008, Georgia Tech

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/22590

► Due to the fact that cross flow fuel injection is widely used in gas turbine engines combustors, it is important to understand the mechanisms that… (more)

▼ Due to the fact that cross flow fuel injection is widely used in gas turbine engines combustors, it is important to understand the mechanisms that control the spray breakup within the cross flow. In spite of a lot of work done in this field, very few studies have been carried out under conditions typical of aerospace applications. This thesis describes a series of experiments carried out to simulate these conditions in order to characterize the formation of spray within a high speed, high pressure and high temperature cross flow close to conditions typical of aerospace applications. Fuel spray characteristics were studied for Jet-A fuel injected into a crossflow (M=0.2 and M=0.35) of preheated (T=555K) air at a chamber pressure of 4 atm. It was seen that larger droplets could be found in the periphery of the spray while smaller droplets could be found closer to the injection plate. In most cases, the droplet velocities were seen to lag the incoming air flow velocity by 20-40% and a spray hat structure was created by the jet in crossflow near the injection wall most likely caused by vortex flow created around the liquid column (jet). The influence of Weber number was then studied. It was seen that shear breakup mechanism dominates at We greater than about 100. Droplets diameters were found to be in the range of 15-30 microns for higher values of We, while larger droplets (100-200 microns) were observed at Weber number of 33. The initial sharp-edged injector was then replaced by a smooth-edged injector having. Spray characteristics from the two injectors were compared. The spray produced by the smooth countersunk injector penetrated further into the test section away from the injector orifice by approximately 2mm. This injector also produced droplets with a significantly smaller mean diameter (D10). The average droplet velocities in the vertical direction deviated from the incoming air flow velocity to a lesser degree using the countersunk injector. Meanwhile, droplets from this injector had a higher average velocity in the direction of fuel injection between the core of the spray and the orifice wall. Advisors/Committee Members: Ben Zinn (Committee Chair), Eugene Lubarsky (Committee Member), Jerry Seitzman (Committee Member).

Subjects/Keywords: Fuel spray characteristics diameter velocity cross; Fuel pumps; Jet engines; Spraying

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Reichel, J. R. (2008). Parametric study of liquid fuel jet in crossflow at conditions typical of aerospace applications. (Masters Thesis). Georgia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1853/22590

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Reichel, Jonathan R. “Parametric study of liquid fuel jet in crossflow at conditions typical of aerospace applications.” 2008. Masters Thesis, Georgia Tech. Accessed March 04, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/22590.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Reichel, Jonathan R. “Parametric study of liquid fuel jet in crossflow at conditions typical of aerospace applications.” 2008. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Reichel JR. Parametric study of liquid fuel jet in crossflow at conditions typical of aerospace applications. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Georgia Tech; 2008. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/22590.

Council of Science Editors:

Reichel JR. Parametric study of liquid fuel jet in crossflow at conditions typical of aerospace applications. [Masters Thesis]. Georgia Tech; 2008. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/22590

Open Access Theses and Dissertations