subject:(Fuel Economy Modeling)

The Ohio State University

1. Chen, Pingen. Modeling, Estimation and Control of Integrated Diesel Engine and Aftertreatment Systems.

Degree: PhD, Mechanical Engineering, 2014, The Ohio State University

URL: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1416323165

► The application of modern Diesel engines in automotive industry has been widely recognized for reasons of their distinguished performances on fuel economy, durability, and reliability.… (more)

▼ The application of modern Diesel engines in automotive industry has been widely recognized for reasons of their distinguished performances on fuel economy, durability, and reliability. Meanwhile, NOx and particulate matters (PM) emissions have been the main concerns in the evolution of Diesel engines as more and more stringent emission standards have been legislated against Diesel engine emissions worldwide. In addition, as the Greenhouse gas emissions are receiving more and more concerns due to global warming issues, the demand of fuel economy improvement is increasing significantly. The objective of this research is to develop systematic control methodologies, based on fundamental insight into the system characteristics, to improve the overall fuel economy and emission performance of integrated Diesel engine and aftertreatment systems. The test platform of this research is a medium-duty Diesel engine equipped with high-pressure common-rail fuel injection system, dual-loop exhaust gas recirculation systems, variable geometry turbocharger system, and an integrated aftertreatment system including a Diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC), Diesel particulate filter (DPF), and two-catalyst selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system. The topics of this research fall into two groups. The first group focuses on the modeling, estimation, and control of integrated aftertreatment systems based on the interactions between the subsystems with the objective of maintaining low tailpipe emissions at low cost. Topics covered in this group include the modeling and observer-based estimations for oxygen concentration and thermal behaviors across the DOC and DPF, state estimator design for SCR system using production NOx sensor measurements, and the active NO/NO2 ratio controller design for DOC and DPF to improve the SCR performance. The second group mainly concentrates on the modeling, estimation, and control of integrated engine-aftertreatment systems grounded on the interactions between engine and aftertreatment systems to simultaneously maintain high fuel efficiency and low tailpipe emissions. Topics contained in this group include the air-fraction modeling and estimation for Diesel engines coupled with aftertreatment systems during normal operations and active DPF regenerations, control-oriented thermal model for integrated Diesel engine and aftertreatment system active thermal management, and integrated Diesel engine and aftertreatment active NOx emissions control for fuel economy improvement. The control-oriented models, observers, and controllers of integrated Diesel engine and aftertreatment systems proposed in this research, when applied in automotive fields, have potentials of improving the engine fuel efficiency, reliability, and reducing tailpipe emissions in systematic, real-time, and cost-effective manners. Advisors/Committee Members: Wang, Junmin (Advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Mechanical Engineering; Diesel Engine; Aftertreatment Systems; Modeling; Estimation; Control; Fuel Economy; Emissions

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APA (6^th Edition):

Chen, P. (2014). Modeling, Estimation and Control of Integrated Diesel Engine and Aftertreatment Systems. (Doctoral Dissertation). The Ohio State University. Retrieved from http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1416323165

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Chen, Pingen. “Modeling, Estimation and Control of Integrated Diesel Engine and Aftertreatment Systems.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, The Ohio State University. Accessed January 22, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1416323165.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Chen, Pingen. “Modeling, Estimation and Control of Integrated Diesel Engine and Aftertreatment Systems.” 2014. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Chen P. Modeling, Estimation and Control of Integrated Diesel Engine and Aftertreatment Systems. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. The Ohio State University; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1416323165.

Council of Science Editors:

Chen P. Modeling, Estimation and Control of Integrated Diesel Engine and Aftertreatment Systems. [Doctoral Dissertation]. The Ohio State University; 2014. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1416323165

University of Michigan

2. Wu, Wei. Modeling of hybrid vehicle fuel economy and fuel engine efficiency.

Degree: PhD, Mechanical engineering, 1998, University of Michigan

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/131135

► Near-CV (i.e., near-conventional vehicle) hybrid vehicles, with an internal combustion engine, and a supplementary storage with low-weight, low-energy but high-power capacity, are analyzed. This design… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Economy; Efficiency; Engine; Fuel; Hybrid; Modeling; Vehicle

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APA (6^th Edition):

Wu, W. (1998). Modeling of hybrid vehicle fuel economy and fuel engine efficiency. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Michigan. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/131135

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Wu, Wei. “Modeling of hybrid vehicle fuel economy and fuel engine efficiency.” 1998. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Michigan. Accessed January 22, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/131135.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Wu, Wei. “Modeling of hybrid vehicle fuel economy and fuel engine efficiency.” 1998. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Wu W. Modeling of hybrid vehicle fuel economy and fuel engine efficiency. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Michigan; 1998. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/131135.

Council of Science Editors:

Wu W. Modeling of hybrid vehicle fuel economy and fuel engine efficiency. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Michigan; 1998. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/131135

Virginia Tech

3. Alley, Robert Jesse. VTool: A Method for Predicting and Understanding the Energy Flow and Losses in Advanced Vehicle Powertrains.

Degree: MS, Mechanical Engineering, 2012, Virginia Tech

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33697

► As the global demand for energy increases, the people of the United States are increasingly subject to high and ever-rising oil prices. Additionally, the U.S.… (more)

▼ As the global demand for energy increases, the people of the United States are increasingly subject to high and ever-rising oil prices. Additionally, the U.S. transportation sector accounts for 27% of total nationwide Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions. In the U.S. transportation sector, light-duty passenger vehicles account for about 58% of energy use. Therefore incremental improvements in light-duty vehicle efficiency and energy use will significantly impact the overall landscape of energy use in America. A crucial step to designing and building more efficient vehicles is modeling powertrain energy consumption. While accurate modeling is indeed key to effective and efficient design, a fundamental understanding of the powertrain and auxiliary systems that contribute to energy consumption for a vehicle is equally as important if not more important. This thesis presents a methodology that has been packaged into a tool, called VTool, that can be used to estimate the energy consumption of a vehicle powertrain. The method is intrinsically designed to foster understanding of the vehicle powertrain as it relates to energy consumption while still providing reasonably accurate results. VTool explicitly calculates the energy required at the wheels of the vehicle to complete a prescribed drive cycle and then explicitly applies component efficiencies to find component losses and the overall energy consumption for the drive cycle. In calculating component efficiencies and losses, VTool offers several tunable parameters that can be used to calibrate the tool for a particular vehicle, compare powertrain architectures, or simply explore the tradeoffs and sensitivities of certain parameters. In this paper, the method is fully and explicitly developed to model Electric Vehicles (EVs), Series Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) and Parallel HEVs for various different drive cycles. VTool has also been validated for use in UDDS and HwFET cycles using on-road test results from the 2011 EcoCAR competition. By extension, the method could easily be extended for use in other cycles. The end result is a tool that can predict fuel consumption to a reasonable degree of accuracy for a variety of powertrains, calculate J1711 Utility Factor weighted energy consumption for Extended Range Electric Vehicles (EREVs) and determine the Well-to-Wheel impact of a given powertrain or fuel. VTool does all of this while performing all calculations explicitly and calculating all component losses to allow the user maximum access which promotes understanding and comprehension of the fundamental dynamics of automotive fuel economy and the powertrain as a system. Advisors/Committee Members: Nelson, Douglas J. (committeechair), West, Robert L. Jr. (committee member), Huxtable, Scott T. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: petroleum; fuel economy; powertrain modeling; hybrid electric vehicle; plug-in hybrid electric vehicle; electric vehicle; environment; greenhouse gases

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APA (6^th Edition):

Alley, R. J. (2012). VTool: A Method for Predicting and Understanding the Energy Flow and Losses in Advanced Vehicle Powertrains. (Masters Thesis). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33697

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Alley, Robert Jesse. “VTool: A Method for Predicting and Understanding the Energy Flow and Losses in Advanced Vehicle Powertrains.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Virginia Tech. Accessed January 22, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33697.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Alley, Robert Jesse. “VTool: A Method for Predicting and Understanding the Energy Flow and Losses in Advanced Vehicle Powertrains.” 2012. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Alley RJ. VTool: A Method for Predicting and Understanding the Energy Flow and Losses in Advanced Vehicle Powertrains. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33697.

Council of Science Editors:

Alley RJ. VTool: A Method for Predicting and Understanding the Energy Flow and Losses in Advanced Vehicle Powertrains. [Masters Thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33697

Virginia Tech

4. White, Eli Hampton. An Illustrative Look at Energy Flow through Hybrid Powertrains for Design and Analysis.

Degree: MS, Mechanical Engineering, 2014, Virginia Tech

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/49433

► Throughout the past several years, a major push has been made for the automotive industry to provide vehicles with lower environmental impacts while maintaining safety,… (more)

▼ Throughout the past several years, a major push has been made for the automotive industry to provide vehicles with lower environmental impacts while maintaining safety, performance, and overall appeal. Various legislation has been put into place to establish guidelines for these improvements and serve as a challenge for automakers all over the world. In light of these changes, hybrid technologies have been growing immensely on the market today as customers are seeing the benefits with lower fuel consumption and higher efficiency vehicles. With the need for hybrids rising, it is vital for the engineers of this age to understand the importance of advanced vehicle technologies and learn how and why these vehicles can change the world as we know it. To help in the education process, this thesis seeks to define a powertrain model created and developed to help users understand the basics behind hybrid vehicles and the effects of these advanced technologies. One of the main goals of this research is to maintain a simplified approach to model development. There are very complex vehicle simulation models in the market today, however these can be hard to manipulate and even more difficult to understand. The 1 Hz model described within this work aims to allow energy to be simply and understandable traced through a hybrid powertrain. Through the use of a 'backwards' energy tracking method, demand for a drive cycle is found using a drive cycle and vehicle parameters. This demand is then used to determine what amount of energy would be required at each component within the powertrain all the way from the wheels to the fuel source, taking into account component losses and accessory loads on the vehicle. Various energy management strategies are developed and explained including controls for regenerative braking, Battery Electric Vehicles, and Thermostatic and Load-following Series Hybrid Electric Vehicles. These strategies can be easily compared and manipulated to understand the tradeoffs and limitations of each. After validating this model, several studies are completed. First, an example of using this model to design a hybrid powertrain is conducted. This study moves from defining system requirements to component selection, and then finding the best powertrain to accomplish the given constraints. Next, a parameter known as Power Split Fraction is studied to provide insight on how it affects overall powertrain efficiency. Since the goal with advanced vehicle powertrains is to increase overall system efficiency and reduce overall energy consumption, it is important to understand how all of the factors involved affect the system as a whole. After completing these studies, this thesis moves on to discussing future work which will continue refining this model and making it more applicable for design. Overall, this work seeks to provide an educational tool and aid in the development of the automotive engineers of tomorrow. Advisors/Committee Members: Nelson, Douglas J. (committeechair), Huxtable, Scott T. (committee member), West, Robert L. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: hybrid electric vehicle; plug-in hybrid electric vehicle; electric vehicle; environment; greenhouse gases; fuel economy; powertrain modeling; power split fraction

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

White, E. H. (2014). An Illustrative Look at Energy Flow through Hybrid Powertrains for Design and Analysis. (Masters Thesis). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/49433

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

White, Eli Hampton. “An Illustrative Look at Energy Flow through Hybrid Powertrains for Design and Analysis.” 2014. Masters Thesis, Virginia Tech. Accessed January 22, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/49433.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

White, Eli Hampton. “An Illustrative Look at Energy Flow through Hybrid Powertrains for Design and Analysis.” 2014. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

White EH. An Illustrative Look at Energy Flow through Hybrid Powertrains for Design and Analysis. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/49433.

Council of Science Editors:

White EH. An Illustrative Look at Energy Flow through Hybrid Powertrains for Design and Analysis. [Masters Thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/49433

University of Texas – Austin

5. -1322-3556. Fuel economy predictions for heavy‐duty vehicles and quasi‐dimensional DI diesel engine numerical modeling.

Degree: PhD, Mechanical Engineering, 2018, University of Texas – Austin

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/68397

► A research team developed the University of Texas Fuel Economy Model to estimate the fuel consumption of both light-duty and heavy-duty vehicles operated on Texas… (more)

▼ A research team developed the University of Texas Fuel Economy Model to estimate the fuel consumption of both light-duty and heavy-duty vehicles operated on Texas roads. One of the objectives of the model was to be as flexible as possible in order to be capable of simulating a variety of vehicles, payloads, and traffic conditions. For heavy-duty vehicles, there are no prescribed driving cycles, there are no coastdown coefficients available from the EPA, and we relied on experimental brake specific fuel consumption maps for a few heavy-duty diesel engines. Heavy-duty vehicle drive cycles highly depend upon the vehicle load, the grade of the road, the engine size, and the traffic conditions. In order to capture real driving conditions 54 drive cycles with three different Class 8 trucks, three weight configurations, three traffic congestion levels, and two drivers are collected. Drive cycles obtained in this research include road grade and vehicle speed data with time. Due to the lack of data from EPA for calculating the road load force for heavy-duty vehicles, coastdown tests were performed. To generate generic fuel maps for the fuel economy model, a direct injection quasi-dimensional diesel engine model was developed based on in-cylinder images available in the literature. Sandia National Laboratory researchers obtained various images describing diesel spray evolution, spray mixing, premixed combustion, mixing controlled combustion, soot formation, and NOx formation via imaging technologies. Dec combined all of the available images to develop a conceptual diesel combustion model to describe diesel combustion from the start of injection up to the quasi-steady form of the jet. The end of injection behavior was left undescribed in this conceptual model because no clear image was available due to the chaotic behavior of diesel combustion. A conceptual end-of-injection diesel combustion behavior model was proposed to capture diesel combustion in its life span. A full-cycle quasi-dimensional direct injection diesel engine model was developed that represents the physical models, utilizing the conceptual model developed from imaging experiments and available experiment-based spray models, of the in-cylinder processes. The compression, expansion, and gas exchange stages are modeled via zero-dimensional single zone calculations. A full cycle simulation is necessary in order to capture the initial conditions of the closed section of the cycle and predict the brake specific fuel consumption accurately. Advisors/Committee Members: Matthews, Ronald D. (advisor), Hall, Matthew John (advisor), Ellzey, Janet L. (committee member), Ezekoye, Ofodike A. (committee member), Biros, George (committee member), Roberts, Charles E. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Quasi-dimensional; Diesel; Engine; Heavy-duty; Direct injection; Numerical; Modeling; Combustion; Coastdown; Drive cycle; Fuel economy; Mathematical; Vehicle; Simulation; Class 8

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APA (6^th Edition):

-1322-3556. (2018). Fuel economy predictions for heavy‐duty vehicles and quasi‐dimensional DI diesel engine numerical modeling. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Texas – Austin. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2152/68397

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

-1322-3556. “Fuel economy predictions for heavy‐duty vehicles and quasi‐dimensional DI diesel engine numerical modeling.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Texas – Austin. Accessed January 22, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/68397.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

-1322-3556. “Fuel economy predictions for heavy‐duty vehicles and quasi‐dimensional DI diesel engine numerical modeling.” 2018. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete

Vancouver:

-1322-3556. Fuel economy predictions for heavy‐duty vehicles and quasi‐dimensional DI diesel engine numerical modeling. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Texas – Austin; 2018. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/68397.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete

Council of Science Editors:

-1322-3556. Fuel economy predictions for heavy‐duty vehicles and quasi‐dimensional DI diesel engine numerical modeling. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Texas – Austin; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/68397

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete

University of Texas – Austin

6. Ates, Murat, 1982-. Fuel economy modeling of light-duty and heavy-duty vehicles, and coastdown study.

Degree: MSin Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, 2009, University of Texas – Austin

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2009-05-80

► Development of a fuel economy model for light-duty and heavy-duty vehicles is part of the Texas Department of Transportation’s “Estimating Texas Motor Vehicle Operating Costs”… (more)

▼ Development of a fuel economy model for light-duty and heavy-duty vehicles is part of the Texas Department of Transportation’s “Estimating Texas Motor Vehicle Operating Costs” project. A literature review for models that could be used to predict the fuel economy of light-duty and heavy-duty vehicles resulted in selection of coastdown coefficients to simulate the combined effects of aerodynamic drag and tire rolling resistance. For light-duty vehicles, advantage can be taken of the modeling data provided by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for adjusting chassis dynamometers to allow accurate determination of emissions and fuel economy so that compliance with emissions standards and Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) regulations can be assessed. Initially, EPA provided vehicle-specific data that were relevant to a physics-based model of the forces at the tire-road interface. Due to some limitations of these model parameters, EPA now provides three vehicle-specific coefficients obtained from vehicle coastdown data. These coefficients can be related back to the original physics-based model of the forces at the tire-road interface, but not in a manner that allows the original modeling parameters to be extracted from the coastdown coefficients. Nevertheless, as long as the operation of a light-duty vehicle does not involve extreme acceleration or deceleration transients, the coefficients available from the EPA can be used to accurately predict fuel economy. Manufacturers of heavy-duty vehicles are not required to meet any sort of CAFE standards, and the engines used in heavy-duty vehicles, rather than the vehicles themselves, are tested (using an engine dynamometer) to determine compliance with emissions standards. Therefore, EPA provides no data that could be useful for predicting the fuel economy of heavy-duty vehicles. Therefore, it is necessary to perform heavyduty coastdown tests in order to predict fuel economy, and use these tests to develop vehicle-specific coefficients for the force at the tire-road interface. Given these coefficients, the fuel economy of a heavy-duty vehicle can be calculated for any driving schedule. The heavy-duty vehicle model developed for this project is limited to pre-2007 calendar year heavy-duty vehicles due to the adverse effects of emissions components that were necessary to comply with emissions standards that went into effect January 2007. Advisors/Committee Members: Matthews, Ronald D. (advisor), Hall, Matthew J. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Fuel Economy; Fuel Economy Modeling; Light-Duty; Heavy-Duty; Automotive; Vehicle; Coastdown; Coast-down; AVL ADVISOR; AVL CRUISE; AVL BOOST

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APA (6^th Edition):

Ates, Murat, 1. (2009). Fuel economy modeling of light-duty and heavy-duty vehicles, and coastdown study. (Masters Thesis). University of Texas – Austin. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2009-05-80

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Ates, Murat, 1982-. “Fuel economy modeling of light-duty and heavy-duty vehicles, and coastdown study.” 2009. Masters Thesis, University of Texas – Austin. Accessed January 22, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2009-05-80.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Ates, Murat, 1982-. “Fuel economy modeling of light-duty and heavy-duty vehicles, and coastdown study.” 2009. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Ates, Murat 1. Fuel economy modeling of light-duty and heavy-duty vehicles, and coastdown study. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Texas – Austin; 2009. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2009-05-80.

Council of Science Editors:

Ates, Murat 1. Fuel economy modeling of light-duty and heavy-duty vehicles, and coastdown study. [Masters Thesis]. University of Texas – Austin; 2009. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2009-05-80

University of Michigan

7. Vanzieleghem, Bruno P. Combustion modeling for gasoline direct injection engines using KIVA-3V.

Degree: PhD, Mechanical engineering, 2004, University of Michigan

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/124201

► An extended coherent flamelet model was implemented in the computational fluid dynamics code KIVA-3V to achieve high fidelity simulation of gasoline direct injection (GDI) combustion.… (more)

▼ An extended coherent flamelet model was implemented in the computational fluid dynamics code KIVA-3V to achieve high fidelity simulation of gasoline direct injection (GDI) combustion. The model allows for the identification of fuel economy improvements and emissions implications for this technology, in addition to the investigation of new operating strategies. An extensive validation of all aspects of the simulation with experimental results was performed. In the coherent flame model, the flame is represented by a transport equation for flame density, with modeled terms for the production and destruction. Stratification of the engine charge is incorporated by diagnostic equations for the unburned fuel, oxygen, and enthalpy. This allows the characterization of the gas properties on a conditionally-averaged basis, by separately averaging over the burned or unburned fraction in a computational cell. The conditionally-averaged burned gas temperature can then be used to calculate the emissions formation rates, leading to more accurate predictions. The coherent flame model was extended, to capture the effects of exhaust gas recirculation stratification on combustion and pollutant formation, by adding a new diagnostics equation for CO₂ originating from exhaust gas recirculation. A near-wall flame treatment was also implemented to represent the realistic behavior of the flame near the walls more accurately. Since the literature lacks integrated studies thoroughly validating models developed specifically for GDI engines, the combustion model was integrated with updated models for spray breakup and spray wall impingement. This complete model was then used to simulate the engine cycle of an optical 4-valve GDI engine, corresponding to an experimental GDI engine. Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) experiments, in combination with traditional engine diagnostics, allowed us to validate the simulation by comparing air motion, mixture formation, and combustion data over a range of speed and load conditions, in a realistic engine geometry, including moving valves. The thorough validation of all aspects of the model for the complete engine cycle demonstrates how the model was able to capture the important characteristics of the GDI engine, and pointed to areas that require further improvements. Advisors/Committee Members: Assanis, Dennis N. (advisor), Im, Hong G. (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: 3v; Combustion; Direct-injection; Engines; Fuel Economy; Gasoline; Kiva; Modeling; Using

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APA (6^th Edition):

Vanzieleghem, B. P. (2004). Combustion modeling for gasoline direct injection engines using KIVA-3V. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Michigan. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/124201

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Vanzieleghem, Bruno P. “Combustion modeling for gasoline direct injection engines using KIVA-3V.” 2004. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Michigan. Accessed January 22, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/124201.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Vanzieleghem, Bruno P. “Combustion modeling for gasoline direct injection engines using KIVA-3V.” 2004. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Vanzieleghem BP. Combustion modeling for gasoline direct injection engines using KIVA-3V. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Michigan; 2004. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/124201.

Council of Science Editors:

Vanzieleghem BP. Combustion modeling for gasoline direct injection engines using KIVA-3V. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Michigan; 2004. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/124201

Virginia Tech

8. Tamaro, Courtney Alex. Vehicle powertrain model to predict energy consumption for ecorouting purposes.

Degree: MS, Mechanical Engineering, 2016, Virginia Tech

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/71635

► The automotive industry is facing some of the most difficult design challenges in industry history. Developing innovative methods to reduce fossil fuel dependence is imperative… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: powertrain modeling; ecorouting; scalable powertrain components; fuel economy; energy consumption; hybrid electric vehicle; plug-in; battery electric vehicle; environment; greenhouse gases; petroleum

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APA (6^th Edition):

Tamaro, C. A. (2016). Vehicle powertrain model to predict energy consumption for ecorouting purposes. (Masters Thesis). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/71635

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Tamaro, Courtney Alex. “Vehicle powertrain model to predict energy consumption for ecorouting purposes.” 2016. Masters Thesis, Virginia Tech. Accessed January 22, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/71635.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Tamaro, Courtney Alex. “Vehicle powertrain model to predict energy consumption for ecorouting purposes.” 2016. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Tamaro CA. Vehicle powertrain model to predict energy consumption for ecorouting purposes. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/71635.

Council of Science Editors:

Tamaro CA. Vehicle powertrain model to predict energy consumption for ecorouting purposes. [Masters Thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/71635

University of Michigan

9. Ortiz-Soto, Elliott Alexander. Combustion Modeling of Spark Assisted Compression Ignition for Experimental Analysis and Engine System Simulations.

Degree: PhD, Mechanical Engineering, 2013, University of Michigan

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/102314

► Advanced combustion strategies provide significant efficiency and emissions benefits compared to conventional spark ignited (SI) combustion, but challenges related to combustion control and load limits… (more)

▼ Advanced combustion strategies provide significant efficiency and emissions benefits compared to conventional spark ignited (SI) combustion, but challenges related to combustion control and load limits have made these technologies difficult to implement in practical systems. Until now, low cost reduced order models necessary for large parametric and multi-cycle studies capable of accurately capturing the full range of combustion modes from homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) and spark-assisted compression ignition (SACI) to SI have not been available. This important computational gap for advanced combustion engine research was the primary motivation for this doctoral work. The outcomes of this study include powerful new tools to evaluate advanced combustion strategies as well as novel methods to incorporate important advanced combustion characteristics into reduced order models. A reduced order thermodynamic model of advanced SACI combustion was first proposed. The model was used with available experimental data and previous high fidelity simulation results to develop a new empirical auto-ignition burn rate model that captures the effects of ignition timing, composition, temperature, pressure, engine speed, stratification and flame propagation. A complete engine model was then developed and incorporated into the commercial simulation software GT-Power. The model included chemical kinetics for low temperature heat release and auto-ignition detection and the empirical burn rate model for post-ignition heat release, as well as a new flame propagation model with improved physical groundings. The calibrated engine model showed good agreement with experimental trends of HCCI, SACI and SI combustion modes. The engine model was then used to assess practical strategies for accessing the advanced combustion regime and improving engine efficiency. The results showed HCCI and SACI provide a pathway for significant efficiency benefits compared to throttled SI, with efficiency improvements between 15-25% across a range of loads from 1-7 bar BMEP. Further efficiency gains appear possible beyond the experimentally observed SACI limit. As a further exercise, the load extension potential of boosted SACI combustion was conceptually investigated using a simple thermodynamic framework incorporating the empirical burn rate model and practical operating constraints. The results indicate boosted SACI can nearly double the maximum engine load compared to naturally aspirated operation. Advisors/Committee Members: Wooldridge, Margaret S. (committee member), Assanis, Dionissios N. (committee member), Fidkowski, Krzysztof J. (committee member), Martz, Jason Brian (committee member), Lavoie, George A. (committee member), Babajimopoulos, Aristotelis (committee member), Borgnakke, Claus (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Spark Assisted Compression Ignition, Saci; Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition, Hcci, Spark Ignition, Si, Knock; Advanced Combustion Engines; Combustion Modeling; Engine Simulation; Efficiency, Fuel Economy, Load Extension, Load Expansion; Mechanical Engineering; Engineering

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APA (6^th Edition):

Ortiz-Soto, E. A. (2013). Combustion Modeling of Spark Assisted Compression Ignition for Experimental Analysis and Engine System Simulations. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Michigan. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/102314

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Ortiz-Soto, Elliott Alexander. “Combustion Modeling of Spark Assisted Compression Ignition for Experimental Analysis and Engine System Simulations.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Michigan. Accessed January 22, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/102314.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Ortiz-Soto, Elliott Alexander. “Combustion Modeling of Spark Assisted Compression Ignition for Experimental Analysis and Engine System Simulations.” 2013. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Ortiz-Soto EA. Combustion Modeling of Spark Assisted Compression Ignition for Experimental Analysis and Engine System Simulations. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Michigan; 2013. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/102314.

Council of Science Editors:

Ortiz-Soto EA. Combustion Modeling of Spark Assisted Compression Ignition for Experimental Analysis and Engine System Simulations. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Michigan; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/102314

University of Akron

10. Picot, Nathan M. A STRATEGY TO BLEND SERIES AND PARALLEL MODES OF OPERATION IN A SERIES-PARALLEL 2-BY-2 HYBRID DIESEL/ELECTRIC VEHICLE.

Degree: MS, Electrical Engineering, 2007, University of Akron

URL: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1189750096

► The results of implementing a series-parallel control strategy for a heavily-hybridized parallel hybrid-electric vehicle are investigated. Simulation was used to estimate the effects of changing… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: hybrid vehicle control; series-parallel hybrid vehicle; vehicle modeling and simulation; real-time; drivability; fuel economy; emissions

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APA (6^th Edition):

Picot, N. M. (2007). A STRATEGY TO BLEND SERIES AND PARALLEL MODES OF OPERATION IN A SERIES-PARALLEL 2-BY-2 HYBRID DIESEL/ELECTRIC VEHICLE. (Masters Thesis). University of Akron. Retrieved from http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1189750096

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Picot, Nathan M. “A STRATEGY TO BLEND SERIES AND PARALLEL MODES OF OPERATION IN A SERIES-PARALLEL 2-BY-2 HYBRID DIESEL/ELECTRIC VEHICLE.” 2007. Masters Thesis, University of Akron. Accessed January 22, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1189750096.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Picot, Nathan M. “A STRATEGY TO BLEND SERIES AND PARALLEL MODES OF OPERATION IN A SERIES-PARALLEL 2-BY-2 HYBRID DIESEL/ELECTRIC VEHICLE.” 2007. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Picot NM. A STRATEGY TO BLEND SERIES AND PARALLEL MODES OF OPERATION IN A SERIES-PARALLEL 2-BY-2 HYBRID DIESEL/ELECTRIC VEHICLE. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Akron; 2007. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1189750096.

Council of Science Editors:

Picot NM. A STRATEGY TO BLEND SERIES AND PARALLEL MODES OF OPERATION IN A SERIES-PARALLEL 2-BY-2 HYBRID DIESEL/ELECTRIC VEHICLE. [Masters Thesis]. University of Akron; 2007. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1189750096

11. Koch, Alexander Karl. Hybrid Controls Development and Optimization of a Fuel Cell Hybrid Powertrain.

Degree: 2012, University of Waterloo

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10012/7115

► The University of Waterloo Alternative Fuels Team’s participation in EcoCAR: The Next Challenge provided an unparalleled opportunity to execute advanced vehicle technology research with hands… (more)

▼ The University of Waterloo Alternative Fuels Team’s participation in EcoCAR: The Next Challenge provided an unparalleled opportunity to execute advanced vehicle technology research with hands on learning and industry leading mentoring from practicing engineers in the automotive industry. This thesis investigates the optimization of the hybrid operating strategy on board the EcoCAR development vehicle. This investigation provides the framework to investigate the pros and cons of different hybrid control strategies, develop the model based design process for controls development in a student team environment and take the learning of this research and apply them to a mule development vehicle. A primary controls development model was created to simulate software controls before releasing to the vehicle level and served as a tool to evaluate and compare control strategies. The optimization routine was not directly compatible with this model and so a compromise was made to develop a simplified vehicle model in the MATLAB environment that would be useful for observing trends but realizing that the accuracy of the results may not be totally consistent with the real world vehicle. These optimization results were then used to create a new control strategy that was simulated in the original vehicle development model. This new control strategy exhibited a 15% gain in fuel economy over the best case from the literature during an Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule (UDDS) drive cycle. Recommendations for future work include adding charge depletion operation to the simulation test cases and improving the accuracy of the optimization model by removing the simplifications that contributed to faster simulation time. This research has also illustrated the wide variability of drive cycles from the mildly aggressive UDDS cycle having 5 kilowatts average propulsion power to the very aggressive US06 cycle having 19 kilowatts average propulsion power and their impact on the efficiency of a particular control strategy. Understanding how to adapt or tune software for particular drive cycle or driver behaviour may lead to an interesting area of research.

Subjects/Keywords: Hydrogen; Fuel Economy; Fuel Consumption; PHEV; HEV; EV; Batteries; Lithium Ion; Fuel Cells; Powertrain; Controls; Software; Vehicle; Optimization; Modeling; Simulations; Electric Motors; DCDC Converters

…29 2.6 Fuel Economy Considerations for Plug-In Vehicles… …cars performance and fuel economy. In the same sense one may not care how new hybrid… …14 2.3 Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicle Architectures… …14 2.3.1 Fuel Cell Vehicle Topologies… …29 2.6.2 Fuel Consumptions Calculations Based on SAE J1711…

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APA (6^th Edition):

Koch, A. K. (2012). Hybrid Controls Development and Optimization of a Fuel Cell Hybrid Powertrain. (Thesis). University of Waterloo. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10012/7115

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Koch, Alexander Karl. “Hybrid Controls Development and Optimization of a Fuel Cell Hybrid Powertrain.” 2012. Thesis, University of Waterloo. Accessed January 22, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/7115.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Koch, Alexander Karl. “Hybrid Controls Development and Optimization of a Fuel Cell Hybrid Powertrain.” 2012. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Koch AK. Hybrid Controls Development and Optimization of a Fuel Cell Hybrid Powertrain. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Waterloo; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10012/7115.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Koch AK. Hybrid Controls Development and Optimization of a Fuel Cell Hybrid Powertrain. [Thesis]. University of Waterloo; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10012/7115

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

12. HUANG, YANJUN. Anti-Idling Systems for Service Vehicles with A/C-R Units: Modeling, Holistic Control, and Experiments.

Degree: 2016, University of Waterloo

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10012/10879

► As people have begun to pay more attention to energy conservation and emission reduction in recent years, anti-idling has become a growing concern for automobile… (more)

▼ As people have begun to pay more attention to energy conservation and emission reduction in recent years, anti-idling has become a growing concern for automobile engineers due to the low efficiency and high emissions caused by engine idling, i.e., the engine is running when the vehicle is not moving. Currently, different technologies and products have emerged in an effort to minimize engine idling. By studying and comparing most of these methods, the conclusion can be drawn that there is still much room to improve existing anti-idling technologies and products. As a result, the optimized Regenerative Auxiliary Power System (RAPS) is proposed. Service vehicles usually refer to a class of vehicles that are used for special purposes, such as public buses, delivery trucks, and long-haul trucks. Among them, there are vehicles with auxiliary devices such as air conditioning or refrigeration (A/C-R) systems that are essential to be kept running regardless of the vehicle motion. In addition, such auxiliary systems usually account for a large portion of fuel from the tank. Food delivery trucks, tourist buses, and cement trucks are examples of such service vehicles. As a leading contributor to greenhouse gas emissions, these vehicles sometimes have to frequently idle to for example keep people comfortable, and keep food fresh on loading and unloading stops. This research is intended to develop and implement a novel RAPS for such service vehicles with the A/C-R system as the main auxiliary device. The proposed RAPS can not only electrify the auxiliary systems to achieve anti-idling but also use regenerative braking energy to power them. As the main power consuming device, the A/C-R system should be treated carefully in terms of its efficiency and performance. Thus, the developments of an advanced controller for A/C-R system to minimize energy consumption and an optimum power management system to maximize the overall efficiency of the RAPS are the primary objectives of this thesis. In this thesis, a model predictive controller (MPC) is designed based on a new A/C-R simplified model to minimize the power consumption while meeting the temperature requirements. The controller is extensively validated under both common and frosting conditions. Meanwhile, after integrating the RAPS into a service vehicle, its powertrain turns into a parallel hybrid system due to the addition of an energy storage system (ESS). For the sake of maximizing the overall efficiency, RAPS requires a power management controller to determine the power flow between different energy sources. As a result, a predictive power management controller is developed to achieve this objective, where a regenerative iv braking control strategy is developed to meet the driver’s braking demand while recovering the maximum braking energy when vehicles brake. For the implementation of the above controllers, a holistic controller of the RAPS is designed to deal with the auxiliary power minimization and power management simultaneously so as to…

Subjects/Keywords: Anti-idling system; Automobile air-conditioning/refrigeration system modeling; Automobile air-conditioning/refrigeration system controller; Power management control; Holistic control for vehicle fuel economy

…continuously increasing demands on lower emission levels and better fuel economy have driven… …Due to the urgent demand for high fuel economy and low emissions in the automotive industry… …30 3.3 Modeling of A/C-R Systems… …104 7.1 Holistic Controller Configuration and Modeling… …Coefficient of performance DAQ Data Acquisition DP Dynamic programming ECMS Equivalent fuel…

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APA (6^th Edition):

HUANG, Y. (2016). Anti-Idling Systems for Service Vehicles with A/C-R Units: Modeling, Holistic Control, and Experiments. (Thesis). University of Waterloo. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10012/10879

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

HUANG, YANJUN. “Anti-Idling Systems for Service Vehicles with A/C-R Units: Modeling, Holistic Control, and Experiments.” 2016. Thesis, University of Waterloo. Accessed January 22, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/10879.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

HUANG, YANJUN. “Anti-Idling Systems for Service Vehicles with A/C-R Units: Modeling, Holistic Control, and Experiments.” 2016. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

HUANG Y. Anti-Idling Systems for Service Vehicles with A/C-R Units: Modeling, Holistic Control, and Experiments. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Waterloo; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10012/10879.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

HUANG Y. Anti-Idling Systems for Service Vehicles with A/C-R Units: Modeling, Holistic Control, and Experiments. [Thesis]. University of Waterloo; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10012/10879

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

ETH Zürich

13. Baltensperger, Tobias. Market power in natural gas markets.

Degree: 2016, ETH Zürich

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11850/115203

Subjects/Keywords: ENERGIEHANDEL + ENERGIEMARKT (ENERGIEWIRTSCHAFT); REGION OF THE EUROPEAN UNION; ENERGY TRADE + ENERGY MARKET (ENERGY INDUSTRY); ERDGAS (BRENNSTOFFTECHNOLOGIE); MODELING OF SPECIFIC ASPECTS OF THE ECONOMY (OPERATIONS RESEARCH); REGION DER EUROPÄISCHEN UNION; MODELLIERUNG SPEZIFISCHER PROBLEME DER WIRTSCHAFT (OPERATIONS RESEARCH); NATURAL GAS (FUEL TECHNOLOGY); info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/330; info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/510; Economics; Mathematics

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Baltensperger, T. (2016). Market power in natural gas markets. (Doctoral Dissertation). ETH Zürich. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11850/115203

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Baltensperger, Tobias. “Market power in natural gas markets.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, ETH Zürich. Accessed January 22, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11850/115203.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Baltensperger, Tobias. “Market power in natural gas markets.” 2016. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Baltensperger T. Market power in natural gas markets. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. ETH Zürich; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11850/115203.

Council of Science Editors:

Baltensperger T. Market power in natural gas markets. [Doctoral Dissertation]. ETH Zürich; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11850/115203

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Open Access Theses and Dissertations