subject:(Fresh water)

College of William and Mary

1. Ralph, Gina M. Quantification of Nursery Habitats for Blue Crabs in Chesapeake Bay.

Degree: PhD, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, 2014, College of William and Mary

URL: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539616819

► The blue crab is an iconic species in Chesapeake Bay, supporting important commercial and recreational fisheries and functioning as a critical link in the food… (more)

▼ The blue crab is an iconic species in Chesapeake Bay, supporting important commercial and recreational fisheries and functioning as a critical link in the food web. Structurally complex habitats are often cited as nurseries for the blue crab, and other commercially important fish and crustacean species, by providing enhanced growth and survival for juveniles. I quantified the value of shallow habitats as nurseries for blue crabs through field studies and a demographic model. In Chapter 2, I utilized a two-year juvenile survey in vegetated habitats of the lower Bay to examine the effect of habitat complexity on the density of juvenile blue crabs. The functional relationship between seagrass cover and juvenile density was exponential, such that there were proportionally more crabs per unit increase in cover of vegetated habitat at high percent cover than at low percent cover. The relationship varied spatially, with higher densities on the eastern shore, and between the two years. The high spatial and annual variability led to questions about how habitat utilization varied throughout the recruitment season. I addressed the timing of recruitment and migration between habitats in Chapter 3 through the development of a survey of shallow habitats in the York River with high temporal and spatial resolution. The study provided evidence for a carrying capacity of juvenile blue crabs in vegetated habitats at 10-15 crabs m2. I found substantially higher densities of small juveniles in shallow unvegetated habitats than previously documented, which suggested that the current paradigm for blue crab recruitment requires modification to include the importance of shallow unvegetated habitats for small juveniles. In Chapter 4, I examined the effect of habitat utilization patterns as a function of age or ontogeny on the blue crab stock assessment by comparing juvenile density and abundance estimates from shallow vegetated and unvegetated habitats to estimates from deep habitats sampled by the primary survey for the stock assessment. Juvenile abundance was very high in both shallow habitats despite the relatively smaller area, thus suggesting that the winter dredge survey substantially underestimated the abundance of juvenile crabs. If this bias is inconsistent inter-annually, potentially as a function of temperature, then stock assessments may be producing biased reference points. Finally, I developed an exploratory habitat-specific demographic model to quantify the effects of habitat on population fitness in Chapter 5. Under all fishing mortality rates, including a complete fishing moratorium, the population growth rate was less than 1 when only unvegetated habitat was present; the increased survival of age-0 crabs provided by vegetated habitats led to increases in the population growth rates. The vegetated habitats provided a buffer from fishing mortality; that is, as the survival of juveniles increased in vegetated habitats, the population could sustain higher fishing mortality rates while still remaining stable or even increasing.…

Subjects/Keywords: Fresh Water Studies; Oceanography

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APA (6^th Edition):

Ralph, G. M. (2014). Quantification of Nursery Habitats for Blue Crabs in Chesapeake Bay. (Doctoral Dissertation). College of William and Mary. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539616819

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Ralph, Gina M. “Quantification of Nursery Habitats for Blue Crabs in Chesapeake Bay.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, College of William and Mary. Accessed April 11, 2021. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539616819.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Ralph, Gina M. “Quantification of Nursery Habitats for Blue Crabs in Chesapeake Bay.” 2014. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Ralph GM. Quantification of Nursery Habitats for Blue Crabs in Chesapeake Bay. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. College of William and Mary; 2014. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539616819.

Council of Science Editors:

Ralph GM. Quantification of Nursery Habitats for Blue Crabs in Chesapeake Bay. [Doctoral Dissertation]. College of William and Mary; 2014. Available from: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539616819

College of William and Mary

2. Sutter, Lori A. Effects of Saltwater Intrusion on Vegetation Dynamics and Nutrient Pools in Low-Salinity Tidal Marshes, Pamunkey River (Virginia, USA).

Degree: PhD, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, 2014, College of William and Mary

URL: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539616868

► This study investigated vegetation changes in a former tidal freshwater marsh (TFM) to determine the role that salinity intrusion plays in vegetation dynamics. Field observations… (more)

▼ This study investigated vegetation changes in a former tidal freshwater marsh (TFM) to determine the role that salinity intrusion plays in vegetation dynamics. Field observations along a narrow salinity gradient in the Pamunkey River revealed that vegetation is shifting to fewer dominants with increasing salinity. Two remaining dominants, Peltandra virginica and Zizania aquatica (hereafter Peltandra and Zizania, respectively), had variable net CO2 assimilation throughout the growing season. Peltandra net CO2 assimilation declined both over the growing season and in marshes with higher salinity; whereas, Zizania generally increased over the growing season peaking in late summer. The same species' tissue nutrients tracked similarly when compared across marshes of different salinity throughout the season, suggesting that the plants have adapted to their environment. Soils, however, contained higher carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) in a TFM relative to higher salinity marshes across years and within a single season. The soil N: phosphorus (P) ratio is relatively stable and well above 16:1 in the TFM, suggesting P-limitation. The other marshes appeared to be in transition with high fluctuations throughout the season and variability within the marsh. Soils responded to changes in salinity faster than vegetation by adsorbing or releasing nutrients. A mesocosm testing plant traits subjected to four low salinity levels found Spartina alterniflora (hereafter Spartina) unresponsive to salinity ranging from 0 to 6, although CO2 assimilation decreased between treatments fresh and 6. Two TFM species, Peltandra and Leersia oryzoides (hereafter Leersia ), responded to salinity over 2 with decreases in aboveground and belowground biomass. The same two species exhibited an improvement in biomass quality (measured by C:N and C:P) over the salinity gradient, and both held greater N and P in the vegetation pool relative to Spartina. The pool of nutrients held in vegetation may shift with salinity intrusion, and the enhanced biomass quality may lead to greater herbivory due to improved palatability. A second mesocosm study paired Spartina, a facultative halophyte, with each of three TFM species: Peltandra, Leersia, and Phragmites australis (hereafter Phragmites). Spartina outperformed Peltandra in all aspects measured – both aboveground and belowground. In the presence of Leersia, Spartina offered mixed responses, but Phragmites changed Spartina responses considerably. The results of this experiment suggest that Spartina can succeed in less benign environments in the presence of at least some species. A field manipulation excluding insect herbivory within treatments in three marshes along a salinity gradient found that overall biomass did not respond to the removal of insect herbivory, except for Peltandra in Cumberland Marsh (TFM). Peltandra biomass in TFM exclosures was approximately double that of controls, but this result was not significant in other marshes. Zizania N-content was higher in exclosures, suggesting a loss of this…

Subjects/Keywords: Fresh Water Studies; Oceanography

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APA (6^th Edition):

Sutter, L. A. (2014). Effects of Saltwater Intrusion on Vegetation Dynamics and Nutrient Pools in Low-Salinity Tidal Marshes, Pamunkey River (Virginia, USA). (Doctoral Dissertation). College of William and Mary. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539616868

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Sutter, Lori A. “Effects of Saltwater Intrusion on Vegetation Dynamics and Nutrient Pools in Low-Salinity Tidal Marshes, Pamunkey River (Virginia, USA).” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, College of William and Mary. Accessed April 11, 2021. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539616868.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Sutter, Lori A. “Effects of Saltwater Intrusion on Vegetation Dynamics and Nutrient Pools in Low-Salinity Tidal Marshes, Pamunkey River (Virginia, USA).” 2014. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Sutter LA. Effects of Saltwater Intrusion on Vegetation Dynamics and Nutrient Pools in Low-Salinity Tidal Marshes, Pamunkey River (Virginia, USA). [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. College of William and Mary; 2014. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539616868.

Council of Science Editors:

Sutter LA. Effects of Saltwater Intrusion on Vegetation Dynamics and Nutrient Pools in Low-Salinity Tidal Marshes, Pamunkey River (Virginia, USA). [Doctoral Dissertation]. College of William and Mary; 2014. Available from: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539616868

College of William and Mary

3. Mamoozadeh, Nadya. Evaluation of Population Structure and the Interspecific Relationship of Striped Marlin (Kajikia Audax) and White Marlin (K. Albida) Based on Traditional or Genome-Wide Molecular Markers.

Degree: PhD, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, 2018, College of William and Mary

URL: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1530192501

► The istiophorid billfishes (marlins, spearfishes, and sailfish) are highly migratory pelagic fishes exhibiting broad and continuous spatial distributions in the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian oceans.… (more)

▼ The istiophorid billfishes (marlins, spearfishes, and sailfish) are highly migratory pelagic fishes exhibiting broad and continuous spatial distributions in the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian oceans. These species are targeted by a number of recreational, commercial, artisanal, and subsistence fisheries worldwide, and are also caught as bycatch in pelagic longline fisheries targeting tunas and swordfish. Though stock assessments have not been conducted for all istiophorids, assessments available for some species indicate that many istiophorid stocks are overfished and/or experiencing overfishing. However, the development of stock-specific recovery efforts is often impeded by a lack of information on basic species biology, including stock structure. The species status of some istiophorids is also uncertain, further complicating management efforts as well as strategies to conserve genetic diversity characteristic of distinct evolutionary lineages. In this dissertation, a molecular approach is used to address questions currently contributing uncertainty to the conservation and management of two istiophorid billfishes, white marlin (Kajikia albida) and striped marlin (K. audax). These closely related sister species are distributed in the Atlantic and Indo-Pacific oceans, respectively. Previous assessment of genetic population structure for white marlin based on mitochondrial (mt) DNA and five nuclear microsatellite markers suggested the possibility of population structuring for this species; however, results from the evaluation of mtDNA and 24 microsatellites across a larger number of samples, including a collection of larvae, are consistent with the presence of a single genetic stock (Chapter II). This result highlights the importance of analyses based on large numbers of molecular markers and samples, as well as a biologically informed sampling design, for studies of population structure in highly migratory pelagic species. Compared to the apparent lack of genetic population structure for white marlin, analysis of nearly 4,000 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) molecular markers across collections of striped marlin from the Pacific and, for the first time, Indian oceans resolved multiple genetically distinct populations (Chapter III). These populations correspond with striped marlin sampled from the western Indian Ocean, Oceania, North Pacific Ocean, and eastern central Pacific Ocean. Results from individual-based cluster analyses also suggest the presence of a second genetically distinct population in the North Pacific Ocean. Comparisons of replicate sample collections for some regions demonstrate the stability of allele frequencies across multiple generations. Finally, the uncertain species status of striped marlin and white marlin was evaluated using over 12,000 genome-wide SNPs surveyed across large numbers of exemplars per species (white marlin: n = 75, striped marlin: n = 250; Chapter IV). Results from individual-based cluster and maximum likelihood phylogenetic analyses suggest the presence of distinct…

Subjects/Keywords: Fresh Water Studies; Oceanography

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Mamoozadeh, N. (2018). Evaluation of Population Structure and the Interspecific Relationship of Striped Marlin (Kajikia Audax) and White Marlin (K. Albida) Based on Traditional or Genome-Wide Molecular Markers. (Doctoral Dissertation). College of William and Mary. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1530192501

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Mamoozadeh, Nadya. “Evaluation of Population Structure and the Interspecific Relationship of Striped Marlin (Kajikia Audax) and White Marlin (K. Albida) Based on Traditional or Genome-Wide Molecular Markers.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, College of William and Mary. Accessed April 11, 2021. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1530192501.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Mamoozadeh, Nadya. “Evaluation of Population Structure and the Interspecific Relationship of Striped Marlin (Kajikia Audax) and White Marlin (K. Albida) Based on Traditional or Genome-Wide Molecular Markers.” 2018. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Mamoozadeh N. Evaluation of Population Structure and the Interspecific Relationship of Striped Marlin (Kajikia Audax) and White Marlin (K. Albida) Based on Traditional or Genome-Wide Molecular Markers. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. College of William and Mary; 2018. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1530192501.

Council of Science Editors:

Mamoozadeh N. Evaluation of Population Structure and the Interspecific Relationship of Striped Marlin (Kajikia Audax) and White Marlin (K. Albida) Based on Traditional or Genome-Wide Molecular Markers. [Doctoral Dissertation]. College of William and Mary; 2018. Available from: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1530192501

College of William and Mary

4. Then, Amy Y. Studies of Mortality Estimation.

Degree: PhD, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, 2014, College of William and Mary

URL: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539616875

► Instantaneous total mortality rate Z can be partitioned into two components: fishing, F, and natural mortality, M. A number of data-poor methods have been developed… (more)

▼ Instantaneous total mortality rate Z can be partitioned into two components: fishing, F, and natural mortality, M. A number of data-poor methods have been developed to estimate Z, F, and M, and these methods tend to rely on fairly restrictive assumptions as well as on data types that are easy to obtain, e.g., length or other life history information. The overarching goal of this dissertation is to contribute to the advancement of methods for estimating these important and influential stock parameters. The relevant issues and the gaps in knowledge pertaining to these data-poor methods are outlined in the Introduction chapter (Chapter 1). The research papers presented in this dissertation fall into two main categories, namely, the evaluation of existing methods and the improvement of existing methods to estimate mortality rates. In Chapter 2, Monte Carlo simulation is utilized to compare the performance of two length-based methods developed by Beverton and Holt (1957) and Ehrhardt and Ault (1992), for estimating Z. I examine the impact of (1) variability in size at age and (2) the method of handling length truncation on the performance of the estimators. Results show that the Ehrhardt-Ault method exhibits complex patterns of bias and is not unequivocally better than the Beverton-Holt method. In Chapter 3, an existing non-equilibrium, mean length-based estimator of Z is modified to use additional information on fishing effort. The Z parameters are replaced with Z = qft+ M where q is the catchability coefficient and ft is the fishing effort in year t. Thus, only q, M, and the residual error need be estimated. This methodology appears promising for estimating F (= qf) and M, based on simulation studies. Furthermore, even if the estimates of F and M are imprecise and highly correlated, the resultant estimates of Z are year-specific and may be quite precise. The method may serve to bridge the gap between data-poor and data-rich methods to estimate Z. Chapter 4 addresses a long-standing gap in knowledge with respect to the ranking and predictive performance of existing empirical estimators of natural mortality of fish stocks. to address this question, a dataset of over 200 direct M estimates and corresponding life history parameters from unique fish species was compiled. Using this dataset, we were able to definitively quantify the predictive ability and update the equations of four widely used empirical estimators and their variants. Estimators based on maximum age perform substantially better than those based on growth parameters, either with or without consideration of water temperature. Results from this research will provide useful tools and guidelines for stock assessment scientists who need to estimate M and Z for both data-poor and data-rich stocks.

Subjects/Keywords: Fresh Water Studies; Oceanography

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Then, A. Y. (2014). Studies of Mortality Estimation. (Doctoral Dissertation). College of William and Mary. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539616875

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Then, Amy Y. “Studies of Mortality Estimation.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, College of William and Mary. Accessed April 11, 2021. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539616875.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Then, Amy Y. “Studies of Mortality Estimation.” 2014. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Then AY. Studies of Mortality Estimation. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. College of William and Mary; 2014. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539616875.

Council of Science Editors:

Then AY. Studies of Mortality Estimation. [Doctoral Dissertation]. College of William and Mary; 2014. Available from: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539616875

College of William and Mary

5. Gervasi, Carissa L. The Reproductive Biology of Striped Bass (Morone saxatilis) in Chesapeake Bay.

Degree: MS, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, 2015, College of William and Mary

URL: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617959

► The Striped Bass (Morone saxatilis) is an anadromous finfish that supports a lucrative fishery along the Atlantic coast of the United States and serves… (more)

▼ The Striped Bass (Morone saxatilis) is an anadromous finfish that supports a lucrative fishery along the Atlantic coast of the United States and serves as a vital component of estuarine food webs. Once Striped Bass stocks were restored after crashing in the late 1980s, abundance skyrocketed to record levels. Over the past decade however, abundance has steadily declined, concurrent with an outbreak of mycobacteriosis. Disease prevalence is currently >50%, and previous research has demonstrated diseasepositive fish exhibit slower growth and increased natural mortality compared to diseasenegative fish. The purpose of this research was to provide a contemporary description of Chesapeake Bay Striped Bass reproductive metrics, which have not been thoroughly described since the stock crashed but before it rebounded. Additionally, the effects of mycobacteriosis on reproductive output were assessed via egg-per-recruit analysis. Female Striped Bass were collected from the York, James, and Rappahannock Rivers and the mainstem of the Chesapeake Bay from 2003-2013. Oocyte development, maturity, oocyte size, fecundity, the gonadosomatic index, and oocyte dry mass were fit to regression models against age, length, or weight in order to determine the influence of month, year, disease prevalence, and female pre-spawning condition. The best fitting models for maturity-at-age and fecundity-at-length were combined with a growth model and estimates of fishing mortality and disease progression to create egg-per-recruit models that simulated the effects of decreased growth and increased natural mortality due to disease on the lifetime reproductive output of Chesapeake Bay Striped Bass. Lower age-at-maturity was seen for disease-positive fish compared to disease-negative fish, but no other reproductive metrics were affected. The increased natural mortality caused by the disease was shown to appreciably reduce reproductive output. This study provides critical biological metrics that can be used to inform future studies and reveals the extent to which mycobacteriosis can influence Striped Bass population dynamics.

Subjects/Keywords: Fresh Water Studies; Oceanography; Zoology

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Gervasi, C. L. (2015). The Reproductive Biology of Striped Bass (Morone saxatilis) in Chesapeake Bay. (Masters Thesis). College of William and Mary. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617959

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Gervasi, Carissa L. “The Reproductive Biology of Striped Bass (Morone saxatilis) in Chesapeake Bay.” 2015. Masters Thesis, College of William and Mary. Accessed April 11, 2021. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617959.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Gervasi, Carissa L. “The Reproductive Biology of Striped Bass (Morone saxatilis) in Chesapeake Bay.” 2015. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Gervasi CL. The Reproductive Biology of Striped Bass (Morone saxatilis) in Chesapeake Bay. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. College of William and Mary; 2015. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617959.

Council of Science Editors:

Gervasi CL. The Reproductive Biology of Striped Bass (Morone saxatilis) in Chesapeake Bay. [Masters Thesis]. College of William and Mary; 2015. Available from: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617959

College of William and Mary

6. Schmitt, Erika L. Bay Scallop, Argopecten irradians, Restoration in the Virginia Coastal Bays: The Role of Predation on Spring Vs Fall Cohort Survival.

Degree: MS, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, 2015, College of William and Mary

URL: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617958

► While the importance o f predation in controlling many natural bivalve populations is well established, it is often overlooked in the restoration strategies for… (more)

▼ While the importance o f predation in controlling many natural bivalve populations is well established, it is often overlooked in the restoration strategies for depleted populations. Adult bay scallops {Argopecten irradians concentricus) along the U.S. mid-Atlantic coast spawn multiple times per year, typically once in the early summer and again in the early fall. Larvae generally settle on seagrass leaves to avoid benthic predators, but shift to the sediment surface around 20 mm in size when they become less vulnerable to predation. The objectives o f this study were to 1.) Determine proportional survival o f two distinct size classes o f A. irradians in different seasons related to the two naturally occurring cohorts found in this region, 2.) Determine the identity o f key predators o f A. irradians in the Virginia coastal bays. The goal is to incorporate this information into a restoration strategy for a Virginia seaside lagoon system where A. irradians have been absent since the disappearance o f eelgrass in the 1930s. Tethering experiments, conducted in re-established eelgrass during summer and fall o f 2013 and 2014, o f small (~10 mm SH) and large (~32 mm SH) juvenile A. irradians showed significant differences between the two years, likely due to the differences in the predator community. They also showed much higher predation rates in July than in August or October for both 2013 and 2014. Blue crabs are significant predators o f A. irradians and were present only in 2014, affecting survival, especially o f the large size class. Fish predators, such as pinfish, pigfish, striped burrfish, and sheepshead appear to have controlled the survival o f small juvenile A. irradians. Our results generally show greater survival in the fall, thus perhaps focusing on deploying small A. irradians in the fall would increase survival. However, the large differences in survival between 2013 and 2014 point to the importance o f employing an adaptive restoration approach which incorporates real-time abundances o f predators into restoration activities, allowing for the release o f A. irradians at smaller sizes dependent on the composition o f the predator assemblage.

Subjects/Keywords: Fresh Water Studies; Oceanography

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Schmitt, E. L. (2015). Bay Scallop, Argopecten irradians, Restoration in the Virginia Coastal Bays: The Role of Predation on Spring Vs Fall Cohort Survival. (Masters Thesis). College of William and Mary. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617958

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Schmitt, Erika L. “Bay Scallop, Argopecten irradians, Restoration in the Virginia Coastal Bays: The Role of Predation on Spring Vs Fall Cohort Survival.” 2015. Masters Thesis, College of William and Mary. Accessed April 11, 2021. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617958.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Schmitt, Erika L. “Bay Scallop, Argopecten irradians, Restoration in the Virginia Coastal Bays: The Role of Predation on Spring Vs Fall Cohort Survival.” 2015. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Schmitt EL. Bay Scallop, Argopecten irradians, Restoration in the Virginia Coastal Bays: The Role of Predation on Spring Vs Fall Cohort Survival. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. College of William and Mary; 2015. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617958.

Council of Science Editors:

Schmitt EL. Bay Scallop, Argopecten irradians, Restoration in the Virginia Coastal Bays: The Role of Predation on Spring Vs Fall Cohort Survival. [Masters Thesis]. College of William and Mary; 2015. Available from: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617958

College of William and Mary

7. Schlenker, Lela Sylvia. Physiological Stress and Post-Release Mortality of White Marlin (Kajikia albida) Caught in the U.S Recreational Fishery.

Degree: MS, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, 2014, College of William and Mary

URL: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617944

► White Marlin (Kajikia albida) is a highly migratory species that occurs throughout temperate and tropical regions of the Atlantic Ocean and is the basis… (more)

▼ White Marlin (Kajikia albida) is a highly migratory species that occurs throughout temperate and tropical regions of the Atlantic Ocean and is the basis of a large sport fishery along the United States Atlantic coast. The single, Atlantic-wide stock is considered to be overfished, with less than one-third the spawning biomass estimated to be necessary for maximum sustainable yield. Billfish management measures adopted by the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT) and implemented in the U.S. by the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), as well as increasing angler awareness of conservation, have resulted in the vast majority of White Marlin being released after capture. In 2003 it was estimated that more than 99% of the 4,000-8,000 White Marlin captured each year in the U.S. recreational fishery are released alive. Recent research aimed at estimating the rate of post-release mortality suggests that it may vary with hook type, hook location, angling time, air exposure, relative temperature change, and the size of the fish. Stress resulting from an angling event may also have sublethal physiological effects that negatively impact growth rates, reproductive output or investments, ability to evade predators, and disease resistance. I examined post-release mortality and post-angling physiological stress by collecting physiological data from blood samples and deploying pop-up satellite archival tags (PSATs) on recreationally angled White Marlin. Over two field seasons blood samples were collected from 68 recreationally caught White Marlin of which 22 were tagged with PSATs distributed over three stratified angling-time categories: short (0-10 min, n=8), medium (10-20 min, n=7), and long (>20 min, n=7). Plasma glucose, sodium, and cortisol increased significantly with fight time, plasma potassium decreased significantly with fight time, and plasma lactate and chloride increased significantly with fight time and water temperature. Habitat utilization following release was not affected by physiological status, angling time, lower jaw fork length (LJFL), or sea surface temperature. These results demonstrate that increased angling times and warmer water result in greater physiological stress in White Marlin. A 21% post-release mortality rate was inferred from PSAT data, and if non-reporting and early releasing tags are additionally assumed to be mortalities, post-release mortality could be as high as 32%. Post-release mortality was not related to fight time, LJFL, or sea surface temperature and was marked by elevated plasma potassium concentrations regardless of which mortality scenario was assumed. My estimates of post-release mortality rates in this study were more than an order of magnitude higher than had been previously assessed for White Marlin caught on circle hooks. This disparity in estimates may indicate that either blood sampling, removing fish from the water, or some combination of the two greatly increased post-release mortality. In order to maintain low rates of post-release…

Subjects/Keywords: Fresh Water Studies; Oceanography; Physiology

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Schlenker, L. S. (2014). Physiological Stress and Post-Release Mortality of White Marlin (Kajikia albida) Caught in the U.S Recreational Fishery. (Masters Thesis). College of William and Mary. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617944

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Schlenker, Lela Sylvia. “Physiological Stress and Post-Release Mortality of White Marlin (Kajikia albida) Caught in the U.S Recreational Fishery.” 2014. Masters Thesis, College of William and Mary. Accessed April 11, 2021. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617944.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Schlenker, Lela Sylvia. “Physiological Stress and Post-Release Mortality of White Marlin (Kajikia albida) Caught in the U.S Recreational Fishery.” 2014. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Schlenker LS. Physiological Stress and Post-Release Mortality of White Marlin (Kajikia albida) Caught in the U.S Recreational Fishery. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. College of William and Mary; 2014. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617944.

Council of Science Editors:

Schlenker LS. Physiological Stress and Post-Release Mortality of White Marlin (Kajikia albida) Caught in the U.S Recreational Fishery. [Masters Thesis]. College of William and Mary; 2014. Available from: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617944

College of William and Mary

8. Callam, Brian R. Improvements in Triploid Crassostrea virginica Production: Characterizing the Diploid Parent.

Degree: MS, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, 2013, College of William and Mary

URL: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617943

► The effect of triploidy to effect faster growth and increased survival compared to diploid oysters is called the ‘triploid advantage’ and this advantage in… (more)

▼ The effect of triploidy to effect faster growth and increased survival compared to diploid oysters is called the ‘triploid advantage’ and this advantage in the Chesapeake Bay for Crassostrea virginica is the principal reason for the value of triploid C. virginica in the Chesapeake Bay, USA. The triploid advantage is hypothesized to be the result of genetic effects, physiological changes, or a combination of both. The causative genetic mechanisms at play may include additive genetic effects and heterosis while the physiological changes obtain from triploid sterility. The triploid advantage was examined by comparing 13 diploid and 13 triploid crosses across three environments. The genotypes used in this study consisted of wild stocks from both the Virginia and Maryland portions of the Chesapeake Bay, four lines from ABC’s 2006-year class of selected lines, and four ABC Superlines. Three experimental sites, ranging in salinity and disease pressure (Choptank River – low salinity and no disease pressure; Rappahannock River – moderate salinity and occasional disease pressure; York River – higher salinity and consistent disease pressure) were chosen to investigate the influence of environment on triploid advantage. Growth metrics (shell height, whole wet weight, and wet tissue weight) and survival rates among diploid and triploid C. virginica were recorded. The triploid advantage for growth and survival ranges from positive to negative depending on environmental factors. In the low salinity environment, triploidy proved disadvantageous regardless of the genotype of the diploid parent. As salinity increased so did the triploid advantage, which was greater for the more disadvantaged (wild) groups. In the Rappahannock River, with moderate salinity and no disease pressure, selected diploids performed equivalently to their triploid counterparts showing that breeding efforts can improve diploid field performance to rival triploids. In the York River, under disease pressure, triploids offered the greatest advantage. Triploids from both wild-type and selected diploids had higher growth and survival than their diploid counterparts under disease pressure. In addition to greater survival, triploids also had lower Dermo infection prevalence than diploids indicating that there is a triploid advantage for Dermo disease resistance, perhaps as a result of triploid sterility. Variation in the effect of triploidy on field performance follows the notion that triploidy may be thought of as a tool useful in some applications but not in others. For low salinity, it appears that triploidy may not be the appropriate tool for providing benefits for oysters but for oysters grown under disease pressure, it certainly is. The triploid advantage appears to be caused by both genetic effects and physiological changes, with the environment influencing the expression of each in manifesting the triploid advantage.

Subjects/Keywords: Fresh Water Studies; Genetics; Oceanography

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APA (6^th Edition):

Callam, B. R. (2013). Improvements in Triploid Crassostrea virginica Production: Characterizing the Diploid Parent. (Masters Thesis). College of William and Mary. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617943

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Callam, Brian R. “Improvements in Triploid Crassostrea virginica Production: Characterizing the Diploid Parent.” 2013. Masters Thesis, College of William and Mary. Accessed April 11, 2021. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617943.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Callam, Brian R. “Improvements in Triploid Crassostrea virginica Production: Characterizing the Diploid Parent.” 2013. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Callam BR. Improvements in Triploid Crassostrea virginica Production: Characterizing the Diploid Parent. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. College of William and Mary; 2013. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617943.

Council of Science Editors:

Callam BR. Improvements in Triploid Crassostrea virginica Production: Characterizing the Diploid Parent. [Masters Thesis]. College of William and Mary; 2013. Available from: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617943

College of William and Mary

9. Marcek, Benjamin Jon. Post-Release Mortality of School-Size Atlantic Bluefin Tuna (Thunnus thynnus) in the U.S Recreational Troll Fishery.

Degree: MS, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, 2013, College of William and Mary

URL: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617936

► Atlantic bluefin tuna Thunnus thynnus (ABFT) support commercial and recreational fisheries throughout the North Atlantic Ocean. Due to heavy fishing pressure over the course… (more)

▼ Atlantic bluefin tuna Thunnus thynnus (ABFT) support commercial and recreational fisheries throughout the North Atlantic Ocean. Due to heavy fishing pressure over the course of several decades, the eastern and western stocks of ABFT were overfished and the current biomass of the western stock is estimated to be approximately 19% of the biomass necessary for maximum sustainable yield. Despite a variety of management measures, including the implementation of minimum sizes and reductions of the total allowable catch (TAC) and country-specific quotas, little change was observed in the status of the western stock. The U.S. commercial and recreational ABFT fisheries are managed by the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), which distributes the U.S. quota among domestic fisheries by gear type. The U.S. recreational fishery, which has historically targeted small or “school-size” (69-119cm) ABFT, is managed by open seasons, a minimum size, and bag limits (the number of ABFT allowed to be landed per vessel per day). Over the past 20 years, bag limits have been severely reduced due to decreased annual quotas, increasing the number of ABFT released each year, mostly within the school-size category. It is important, for the management of ABFT, to account for all sources of fishing mortality and the large number of releases in the recreational fishery each year could be a significant source of mortality. However, there is very little information available to assess post-release mortality of school-size ABFT in the U.S. recreational fishery. In this study, twenty pop-up satellite archival tags (PSATs) were deployed to estimate the post-release mortality of school-size ABFT captured under normal fishing conditions in the recreational fishery. PSATs recorded pressure (depth), temperature, and light data and were deployed on school-size ABFT caught using trolling methods. These tags were programmed to record data approximately every five minutes for a 31-day deployment. Nineteen tags (95%) reported to the satellites of the ARGOS system and approximately 85% (range: 34-100%) of all archived data were transmitted from each tag. Depth and temperature profiles were used to infer the survival of all 19 individuals whose tags reported (mortality=0% 95% CI=0%, 10%). Data from these tags were also used to investigate the short-term habitat utilization of school-size ABFT. During June to October, these fish spent the majority of their time in the upper 40m of the water column and at temperatures between 18 and 24 °C.Individuals were more likely to make vertical excursions to depths exceeding 30m during the day than at night.

Subjects/Keywords: Fresh Water Studies; Oceanography

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APA (6^th Edition):

Marcek, B. J. (2013). Post-Release Mortality of School-Size Atlantic Bluefin Tuna (Thunnus thynnus) in the U.S Recreational Troll Fishery. (Masters Thesis). College of William and Mary. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617936

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Marcek, Benjamin Jon. “Post-Release Mortality of School-Size Atlantic Bluefin Tuna (Thunnus thynnus) in the U.S Recreational Troll Fishery.” 2013. Masters Thesis, College of William and Mary. Accessed April 11, 2021. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617936.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Marcek, Benjamin Jon. “Post-Release Mortality of School-Size Atlantic Bluefin Tuna (Thunnus thynnus) in the U.S Recreational Troll Fishery.” 2013. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Marcek BJ. Post-Release Mortality of School-Size Atlantic Bluefin Tuna (Thunnus thynnus) in the U.S Recreational Troll Fishery. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. College of William and Mary; 2013. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617936.

Council of Science Editors:

Marcek BJ. Post-Release Mortality of School-Size Atlantic Bluefin Tuna (Thunnus thynnus) in the U.S Recreational Troll Fishery. [Masters Thesis]. College of William and Mary; 2013. Available from: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617936

College of William and Mary

10. Secrist, Richard Garrik. Food Availability and Utilization for Cultured Hard Clams.

Degree: MS, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, 2013, College of William and Mary

URL: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617932

► Aquaculture of the hard clam Mercenaria mercenaria is a valuable industry on the east coast. At high planting densities, cultured bivalves can become limited… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Fresh Water Studies; Oceanography

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APA (6^th Edition):

Secrist, R. G. (2013). Food Availability and Utilization for Cultured Hard Clams. (Masters Thesis). College of William and Mary. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617932

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Secrist, Richard Garrik. “Food Availability and Utilization for Cultured Hard Clams.” 2013. Masters Thesis, College of William and Mary. Accessed April 11, 2021. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617932.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Secrist, Richard Garrik. “Food Availability and Utilization for Cultured Hard Clams.” 2013. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Secrist RG. Food Availability and Utilization for Cultured Hard Clams. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. College of William and Mary; 2013. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617932.

Council of Science Editors:

Secrist RG. Food Availability and Utilization for Cultured Hard Clams. [Masters Thesis]. College of William and Mary; 2013. Available from: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617932

College of William and Mary

11. Kling, Lara Gates. Habitat Utilization and Trophic Interactions by Fauna in a Shallow Estuary: Comparisons between Clam Aquaculture and Natural Sites.

Degree: MS, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, 2012, College of William and Mary

URL: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617925

► Aquaculture of the hard clam, Mercenaria mercenaria, has steadily increased in the United States over the past 25 years. In some areas, including along… (more)

▼ Aquaculture of the hard clam, Mercenaria mercenaria, has steadily increased in the United States over the past 25 years. In some areas, including along Virginia’s coast, this industry has grown to such a scale that aquaculture systems now exist as agroecosystems within coastal waters. Several features of these aquaculture systems, such as high clam densities and protective mesh netting, may modify the availability of habitat, food, and nutrients and may be expected to affect benthic and nektonic community structure. Few studies, however, have evaluated these effects. We conducted seasonal (May – September) sampling in a tidal tributary of Chesapeake Bay in three shallowwater habitat types – clam aquaculture, seagrass beds, and unvegetated bottom. Multiple trophic levels were sampled, including attached macroalgae, resident epibenthos, and mobile demersal and nektonic fishes and crustaceans. We compared biomass and abundance of trophic assemblages across the three habitat types. Trophic linkages were quantified through diet analyses of top predators. Results indicate that less-mobile communities showed more differentiation across the three site types. Assemblages supported by clam aquaculture and seagrass sites tend to be more similar to each other than they are to the assemblages at the unvegetated sites. Prey assemblages demonstrate a distinct shift, however, from May/July to September; during May/July the seagrass site supports the highest biomass and abundance of prey, but in September the clam aquaculture site supports the highest biomass and abundance of prey. This shift seems to correlate with the presence of structure (natural and man-made) within each site. Highly mobile top-predators show little preference among clam aquaculture, seagrass, and unvegetated sites. Diets of top predators do not exhibit a consistent pattern based on the site in which the individual was caught, but the diets of some species do correlate to the prey communities at a specific site. The added structure and organic matter deposition associated with clam aquaculture sites appear to create functional redundancy and temporal variability within Cherrystone Creek, potentially enhancing the stability of the creek system.

Subjects/Keywords: Fresh Water Studies; Oceanography

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APA (6^th Edition):

Kling, L. G. (2012). Habitat Utilization and Trophic Interactions by Fauna in a Shallow Estuary: Comparisons between Clam Aquaculture and Natural Sites. (Masters Thesis). College of William and Mary. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617925

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kling, Lara Gates. “Habitat Utilization and Trophic Interactions by Fauna in a Shallow Estuary: Comparisons between Clam Aquaculture and Natural Sites.” 2012. Masters Thesis, College of William and Mary. Accessed April 11, 2021. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617925.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kling, Lara Gates. “Habitat Utilization and Trophic Interactions by Fauna in a Shallow Estuary: Comparisons between Clam Aquaculture and Natural Sites.” 2012. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Kling LG. Habitat Utilization and Trophic Interactions by Fauna in a Shallow Estuary: Comparisons between Clam Aquaculture and Natural Sites. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. College of William and Mary; 2012. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617925.

Council of Science Editors:

Kling LG. Habitat Utilization and Trophic Interactions by Fauna in a Shallow Estuary: Comparisons between Clam Aquaculture and Natural Sites. [Masters Thesis]. College of William and Mary; 2012. Available from: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617925

College of William and Mary

12. Reiner, Stephanie L. Evaluating the use of Flow-Through Larval Culture for the Eastern Oyster, Crassostrea virginica.

Degree: MS, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, 2011, College of William and Mary

URL: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617900

► One system used for bivalve mollusc culture is flowthrough larval culture, which provides a continuous flow of food and seawater to the tank. Flowthrough… (more)

▼ One system used for bivalve mollusc culture is flowthrough larval culture, which provides a continuous flow of food and seawater to the tank. Flowthrough culture enables larvae to be reared at stocking densities up to 100 larvae/mL, a characteristic that should recommend it as the culture system of choice for the East coast; however, Eastern oyster larvae have never been tested in flowthrough culture, discouraging implementation of the system. The thesis objectives are designed to address questions regarding the survival, growth, competent period, cell consumption, growth efficiency, and cell selection of oyster larvae reared in flowthrough culture. The objectives are: to describe larval tolerance to metabolic waste products, to determine how stocking densities influence clogging of the banjo screen and how those stocking densities coupled with exchange rate influence survival, growth, duration of the competent period, cell consumption, and cell selectivity, and to examine replication of flowthrough culture and establish data for the variables measured. To obtain a basic understanding of larval tolerance to their metabolic waste, twelve static tanks were set up at the Aquaculture Genetics and Breeding Technology Center’s hatchery at the Virginia Institute of Marine Science. Larvae were exposed to a range of concentrations of ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate and their survival and growth were monitored. Ammonia was the only metabolic waste that caused detrimental effects to larvae at a concentration of 10 mg/L. To address the remaining objectives, six 400 L conical flowthrough tanks were set up at Oyster Seed Holdings, a commercial hatchery. To determine if banjo screen clogging (the cause of tank overflow) was affected by the day and density at which larvae were introduced to flowthrough culture, larvae were introduced at two days old at three different stocking densities. The banjo screen, a circular plastic band with mesh screen on both sides, retains larvae in flowthrough culture while allowing water to exit. The banjo screen was monitored for clogging every 12 hours for 60 hours. Larvae can be introduced to flowthrough culture at two days old at densities as high as 50 larvae/mL without risking banjo clogging. To examine the effects of different flowthrough culture parameters on larval development, larvae were stocked in flowthrough cultures at 10, 20, and 50 larvae/mL and reared at five and ten exchanges of water/day. Five exchanges of water/day and a stocking density between 10 – 20 larvae/mL resulted in the highest survival, fastest growth, and greatest amount of competent larvae harvested. Variation among flowthrough cultures stocked with 10 larvae/mL and reared at five and ten exchanges of water/day was examined. Five exchanges of water/day generally had lower variation, with the smallest being survival and length. The results for survival, length, cell consumption, duration of the competent period, and growth efficiency were characterized as the established values for the thesis’s flowthrough system and…

Subjects/Keywords: Fresh Water Studies; Oceanography

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APA (6^th Edition):

Reiner, S. L. (2011). Evaluating the use of Flow-Through Larval Culture for the Eastern Oyster, Crassostrea virginica. (Masters Thesis). College of William and Mary. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617900

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Reiner, Stephanie L. “Evaluating the use of Flow-Through Larval Culture for the Eastern Oyster, Crassostrea virginica.” 2011. Masters Thesis, College of William and Mary. Accessed April 11, 2021. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617900.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Reiner, Stephanie L. “Evaluating the use of Flow-Through Larval Culture for the Eastern Oyster, Crassostrea virginica.” 2011. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Reiner SL. Evaluating the use of Flow-Through Larval Culture for the Eastern Oyster, Crassostrea virginica. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. College of William and Mary; 2011. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617900.

Council of Science Editors:

Reiner SL. Evaluating the use of Flow-Through Larval Culture for the Eastern Oyster, Crassostrea virginica. [Masters Thesis]. College of William and Mary; 2011. Available from: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617900

University of Ghana

13. Kippo, Joseph V. Drai-Ahp Vulnerability Assessment of the Quaternary Aquifer in the Keta Strip .

Degree: 2012, University of Ghana

URL: http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh/handle/123456789/23352

► The Quaternary aquifer in the Keta basin is a source of fresh water to the over 130,000 inhabitants living along the Keta Strip. Groundwater quality… (more)

▼ The Quaternary aquifer in the Keta basin is a source of fresh water to the over 130,000 inhabitants living along the Keta Strip. Groundwater quality is deteriorating due to pollution from mainly agriculture, sewage, septic tanks and solid waste University of Ghana disposal in the area. This research was undertaken to assess the intrinsic vulnerability to pollution of the aquifer. The DRASTIC methodology was applied to delineate zones vulnerable to pollution. Data was gathered on the seven DRASTIC parameters which include static water levels, soil sampling to determine soil media and aquifer media types, hydraulic conductivity, elevations and water quality. Using GIS methods the data was prepared, processed and analysed. Interpolation techniques were used to generate raster layers of the parameters. The seven raster maps were combined in a GIS environment to produce a composite vulnerability map. The map was reclassified into five classes namely, very low, low, moderate, high and very high pollution potential. The resulting map shows the relative intrinsic vulnerability of the unconfined aquifer to pollution. The map was tested by plotting on it April, 2004 nitrate concentration data. Statistical correlation between nitrate values and vulnerability class values extracted from the nitrate points yielded a low Spearman rho correlation coefficient of 36.3%. The model was calibrated using statistical correlations between each of the seven parameters and nitrate values. Soil media, topography and hydraulic conductivity parameters were found not significantly correlated to nitrate pollution and were eliminated from the model parameters leaving depth to water (D), recharge (R), aquifer media (A) and influence of the vadose media (I) to form the acronym DRAI. The weights of the parameters were revised based on the seven correlation coefficients. The rating values were also revised based on the mean nitrate values for each rating class of the original DRASTIC. The model accuracy was tested by applying correlation to the vulnerability classes and nitrate concentration data. A correlation coefficient of 62 % was obtained. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to calibrate the model by determining a different set of parameter weights. The model accuracy improved to 66% after correlation between nitrate values and intrinsic vulnerability classes. Based on the correlation coefficient the AHP model was selected for the study area. The AHP optimized intrinsic vulnerability map shows that 10.6%, 26.8%, 30.1%,22.6% and 9.9% of the study area have very low, low, moderate, high and very high vulnerability to groundwater pollution respectively. Nitrate concentration values sampled in July, 2003 was used to evaluate validation of the AHP model. The nitrate values were plotted on the AHP vulnerability map and statistical correlation tests between nitrate values and vulnerability values yielded a correlation coefficient of 75%, confirming a close agreement between model values and actual nitrate pollution on the ground. Anloga…

Subjects/Keywords: Quaternary; Fresh Water; Groundwater; Ghana

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APA (6^th Edition):

Kippo, J. V. (2012). Drai-Ahp Vulnerability Assessment of the Quaternary Aquifer in the Keta Strip . (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Ghana. Retrieved from http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh/handle/123456789/23352

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kippo, Joseph V. “Drai-Ahp Vulnerability Assessment of the Quaternary Aquifer in the Keta Strip .” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Ghana. Accessed April 11, 2021. http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh/handle/123456789/23352.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kippo, Joseph V. “Drai-Ahp Vulnerability Assessment of the Quaternary Aquifer in the Keta Strip .” 2012. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Kippo JV. Drai-Ahp Vulnerability Assessment of the Quaternary Aquifer in the Keta Strip . [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Ghana; 2012. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh/handle/123456789/23352.

Council of Science Editors:

Kippo JV. Drai-Ahp Vulnerability Assessment of the Quaternary Aquifer in the Keta Strip . [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Ghana; 2012. Available from: http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh/handle/123456789/23352

University of Nevada – Las Vegas

14. Willever, Katherine Lynn. Biogeochemistry of a Saline, Alkaline, Terminal Lake Ecosystem in Transition; Walker Lake, Nevada.

Degree: MS, Life Sciences, 2016, University of Nevada – Las Vegas

URL: https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/thesesdissertations/2817

► Walker Lake is a saline, alkaline, terminal lake ecosystem located in west-central Nevada. For over one hundred years, anthropogenic streamflow diversions within the Walker… (more)

▼ Walker Lake is a saline, alkaline, terminal lake ecosystem located in west-central Nevada. For over one hundred years, anthropogenic streamflow diversions within the Walker River Basin have ultimately led to little or no water reaching Walker Lake, the basin’s terminus for water flow. These diversions have resulted in a >46 meter decrease in the lake surface altitude and increases in salinity and dissolved salt constituents that have caused the elimination of native fish species. This study examines how the lack of freshwater inflow has altered the physical, chemical, and microbiological structure of Walker Lake during the lake’s ongoing desiccation. Between 2007 and 2015, water and sediment samples were collected from a central lake location of Walker Lake, coinciding with the historical timing of late summer thermal stratification. Physical parameters and chemical constituent measurements show Walker Lake to have shifted from a monomictic to a polymictic system sometime after 2008, with salinity increasing conservatively to values over 21 g L-1 in 2015. Illumina sequencing of the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was completed on all environmental filter and sediment samples to observe trends and changes in the microbial populations of the water column and sediment as a result of the changing lake dynamics. Over time, distinct differences in overall community composition and diversity were observed between sampling dates. The sediment communities were found to be highly dissimilar from the overlying pelagic microbial communities and showed more similarity to microbial communities from anoxic hypolimnion water samples from the 2008 sampling event when lake stratification was observed. The anthropogenic and climatic factors that Walker Lake has faced over the past century have dramatically altered the ecosystem. This study aims to contribute to the overall understanding of the Walker River Basin and to other terminal lake basins throughout the world. By examining the microbial communities of Walker Lake and documenting the limnological shift of this transitioning ecosystem, we gain insights into the physiological aspects of Walker Lake and possible ways to manage and restore this unique environment to the thriving ecosystem it once was. Advisors/Committee Members: Brian P. Hedlund, Duane P. Moser, Dennis A. Bazylinski, Elisabeth Hausrath.

Subjects/Keywords: Fresh Water Studies; Microbiology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Willever, K. L. (2016). Biogeochemistry of a Saline, Alkaline, Terminal Lake Ecosystem in Transition; Walker Lake, Nevada. (Masters Thesis). University of Nevada – Las Vegas. Retrieved from https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/thesesdissertations/2817

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Willever, Katherine Lynn. “Biogeochemistry of a Saline, Alkaline, Terminal Lake Ecosystem in Transition; Walker Lake, Nevada.” 2016. Masters Thesis, University of Nevada – Las Vegas. Accessed April 11, 2021. https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/thesesdissertations/2817.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Willever, Katherine Lynn. “Biogeochemistry of a Saline, Alkaline, Terminal Lake Ecosystem in Transition; Walker Lake, Nevada.” 2016. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Willever KL. Biogeochemistry of a Saline, Alkaline, Terminal Lake Ecosystem in Transition; Walker Lake, Nevada. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Nevada – Las Vegas; 2016. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/thesesdissertations/2817.

Council of Science Editors:

Willever KL. Biogeochemistry of a Saline, Alkaline, Terminal Lake Ecosystem in Transition; Walker Lake, Nevada. [Masters Thesis]. University of Nevada – Las Vegas; 2016. Available from: https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/thesesdissertations/2817

University of Aberdeen

15. Drysdale, Lewis A. Arctic fjords : simplified modelling and the role of freshwater.

Degree: PhD, 2017, University of Aberdeen

URL: https://abdn.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/delivery/44ABE_INST/12152704430005941 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.752644

► Defining the role of freshwater in a fjord is important to further the understanding of seasonal physical variability in fjordic systems because the variability of… (more)

▼ Defining the role of freshwater in a fjord is important to further the understanding of seasonal physical variability in fjordic systems because the variability of freshwater flux is a key control on fjord oceanography, yet information on freshwater inputs to Svalbard fjords is currently lacking. In this study, two methods of studying fjords are utilised. Firstly, seawater samples and oceanographic profiles were collected from four fjords and shelves around the high-Arctic Svalbard archipelago between September 2013 and April 2015. Analysis of the seawater samples showed that surface meteoric water in a glaciated west-Svalbard fjord was present in quantities up to four times as much (∼18%) assea-ice melt (∼5%). In comparison, a north-Svalbard fjord had more than twice as much sea-ice melt (∼5%) as meteoric water (∼2%). Four contrasting regions of freshwater infuence around the Svalbard archipelago were established, defined by their freshwater processes. Further analysis of data suggest that coastal currents act as an upstream freshwater source, and are also enhanced by freshwater along their path. Upper layer circulation, meanwhile, was seen to be an important mode of dispersal of freshwater inputs from smaller inlets. Secondly, a box model was modified by the inclusion of a sea ice model and was run to understand the leading-order processes and mechanisms observed in Arctic fjords. Model results were successfully validated against four years of oceanographic data from a mooring deployed between 2008–2013 in a restricted exchange fjord on Svalbard and represented the seasonal cycle of a high-Arctic fjord including sea-ice growth and convection. The model showed that varying the sill geometry of a high-Arctic fjord impacts the formation of sea-ice and the dominant modes of exchange. The model also showed that warming of the sub-surface temperature causes excess heat inside fjords, which impacts on sea-ice production and (although not shown) is highly likely to cause accelerated melting of tidewater glaciers.

Subjects/Keywords: 551.46; Fjords; Fresh water

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APA (6^th Edition):

Drysdale, L. A. (2017). Arctic fjords : simplified modelling and the role of freshwater. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Aberdeen. Retrieved from https://abdn.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/delivery/44ABE_INST/12152704430005941 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.752644

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Drysdale, Lewis A. “Arctic fjords : simplified modelling and the role of freshwater.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Aberdeen. Accessed April 11, 2021. https://abdn.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/delivery/44ABE_INST/12152704430005941 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.752644.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Drysdale, Lewis A. “Arctic fjords : simplified modelling and the role of freshwater.” 2017. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Drysdale LA. Arctic fjords : simplified modelling and the role of freshwater. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Aberdeen; 2017. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: https://abdn.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/delivery/44ABE_INST/12152704430005941 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.752644.

Council of Science Editors:

Drysdale LA. Arctic fjords : simplified modelling and the role of freshwater. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Aberdeen; 2017. Available from: https://abdn.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/delivery/44ABE_INST/12152704430005941 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.752644

Delft University of Technology

16. van Es, Bart (author). The influence of fresh water discharge on coastal water levels: By a combination of physical and probabilistic models.

Degree: 2018, Delft University of Technology

URL: http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:cdff0fd2-2d5d-4643-8f7b-fc112a2dbe79

►

Globally, at each river mouth freshwater is discharged to coastal waters. At each river mouth a freshwater plume is formed. These fresh water plumes are… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: ROFI; influence; fresh; water; levels

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APA (6^th Edition):

van Es, B. (. (2018). The influence of fresh water discharge on coastal water levels: By a combination of physical and probabilistic models. (Masters Thesis). Delft University of Technology. Retrieved from http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:cdff0fd2-2d5d-4643-8f7b-fc112a2dbe79

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

van Es, Bart (author). “The influence of fresh water discharge on coastal water levels: By a combination of physical and probabilistic models.” 2018. Masters Thesis, Delft University of Technology. Accessed April 11, 2021. http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:cdff0fd2-2d5d-4643-8f7b-fc112a2dbe79.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

van Es, Bart (author). “The influence of fresh water discharge on coastal water levels: By a combination of physical and probabilistic models.” 2018. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

van Es B(. The influence of fresh water discharge on coastal water levels: By a combination of physical and probabilistic models. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Delft University of Technology; 2018. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:cdff0fd2-2d5d-4643-8f7b-fc112a2dbe79.

Council of Science Editors:

van Es B(. The influence of fresh water discharge on coastal water levels: By a combination of physical and probabilistic models. [Masters Thesis]. Delft University of Technology; 2018. Available from: http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:cdff0fd2-2d5d-4643-8f7b-fc112a2dbe79

College of William and Mary

17. Charles, Sean P. The Development of Ecological Functions in Created Forested Wetlands.

Degree: MS, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, 2013, College of William and Mary

URL: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617942

► Wetland mitigation has become a 2.4 billion dollar per year industry in the U.S. and in Virginia it leads to the replacement of 77… (more)

▼ Wetland mitigation has become a 2.4 billion dollar per year industry in the U.S. and in Virginia it leads to the replacement of 77 ha of palustrine forested wetlands (PFWs) per year with mitigation wetlands, including created forested wetlands (CFWs). Mitigation hinges on the idea that compensation wetlands lead to “no net loss of wetland function” when compared to impacted wetlands. We assessed the functions of provision of habitat and biogeochemical functions associated with production of biomass, the retention and removal of nutrients and the accumulation of soil C over 8 years in seven CFWs of approximately 11 and 20 years and compared them to natural reference wetlands (NRWs). CFW plant communities were similar to NRWs in all measured parameters in the herbaceous and shrub/sapling strata and in all strata combined. However, non-native dominance showed a significant positive linear relationship with CFW age. In the tree strata, 11 year old (yo) CFWs had lower richness than NRWs and both age classes of CFWs had lower FQI than NRWs. NRWs held 10 to 20 times more carbon in woody biomass than CFWs. Tree species composition was significantly different between CFWs and NRWs, however NRW trees were similar to CFW saplings. 11 yo CFWs held lower percentages of C, N and P and had higher Db than NRWs in both the 0-10 and 10-20 cm depth. 20 yo CFWs developed similar levels of %C, %P, bulk density (Db), and nutrient ratios in the surface and displayed rapid increases in %C and %N over 8 years. However, CFWs offered 45% lower soil total soil C storage and 50% lower %N. Furthermore, all CFWs stored lower nutrient levels than NRWs in the 10-20 cm soil depth. We found that FQI correlated positively with total C accumulation rates in woody biomass and soil C, indicating that biogeochemical function and the provision of habitat can be complimentary in CFWs. Finally, 11 and 20 yo CFWs adhered to the regulatory performance standards established for Virginia in terms of stems per ha and wetland indicator status, but all wetlands (including NRWs) failed to achieve <5% non-native species cover.

Subjects/Keywords: Fresh Water Studies; Water Resource Management

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APA (6^th Edition):

Charles, S. P. (2013). The Development of Ecological Functions in Created Forested Wetlands. (Masters Thesis). College of William and Mary. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617942

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Charles, Sean P. “The Development of Ecological Functions in Created Forested Wetlands.” 2013. Masters Thesis, College of William and Mary. Accessed April 11, 2021. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617942.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Charles, Sean P. “The Development of Ecological Functions in Created Forested Wetlands.” 2013. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Charles SP. The Development of Ecological Functions in Created Forested Wetlands. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. College of William and Mary; 2013. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617942.

Council of Science Editors:

Charles SP. The Development of Ecological Functions in Created Forested Wetlands. [Masters Thesis]. College of William and Mary; 2013. Available from: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617942

College of William and Mary

18. Bradley, Cassie D. The Impacts of Shoreline Development on Shallow-Water Benthic Communities in the Patuxent River, MD.

Degree: MS, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, 2011, College of William and Mary

URL: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617905

► Natural coastal habitats throughout Chesapeake Bay are increasingly threatened with shoreline modification due to population growth and rising rates of development. The replacement of… (more)

▼ Natural coastal habitats throughout Chesapeake Bay are increasingly threatened with shoreline modification due to population growth and rising rates of development. The replacement of these natural coastlines with hardened structures such as seawalls (bulkheads) and stone revetments (riprap) not only compromises vegetation at the land-water interface, but also can influence several elements of local aquatic food webs. Effects of these alterations have been well-studied with respect to fish assemblages and intertidal communities, particularly in conjunction with larger-scale watershed development, and recently, interest has shifted toward investigation of the effects of shoreline development on subtidal benthic infaunal communities. This study evaluated the direct, local impacts of bulkhead and riprap compared to natural marsh shorelines, as well as the effects of sediment characteristics, predator abundance, and system-specific physical features on benthic infauna in the Patuxent River, Chesapeake Bay. Forty-five sites were divided among three shoreline types and distributed across three main river zones. At each site, a benthic infaunal suction sample (3-mm mesh), push-core sample (500-μm mesh), sediment samples, water-quality measurements, and trawls for predators were taken. Samples were sorted to determine density, diversity, and biomass of infaunal organisms. Data were assessed using an Information-Theoretic approach (AIC analysis) to determine the most influential variables, of those measured, on the infaunal community for two benthic data sets: 3-mm-suctions and 500-μm-cores. Results from these analyses on 3-mm samples suggested that shoreline type was the best predictor of diversity, while wave energy, sediment chlorophyll concentration, sediment type, and predator abundance best predicted density and biomass. Benthic responses within the 500-μm dataset were not strongly affected by shoreline type. Rather, responses were best predicted by sediment chlorophyll, wave energy, sediment type, predator abundance, and sediment organic carbon (TOC) content. Results indicate that, compared to other Bay tributaries, the Patuxent River is a relatively degraded system. The small range in long-term responses of Patuxent infauna from previous work provides a possible explanation as to why I was unable to see significant differences in infaunal response among shoreline types in the current study (i.e., there was little scope for change by shoreline in the system as a whole). However, I suggest that natural marsh habitats are healthier subsystems of the Patuxent River, due to the greater variety of infaunal feeding guilds and higher infaunal biomass observed at these compared to hardened sites. Higher predator abundance was associated with higher infaunal biomass at natural marsh sites in both size fractions, suggesting the bottom-up control of higher-trophic-level species in this system, as predators seek out suitable prey items. Given these observations, and the fact that influential variables such as wave…

Subjects/Keywords: Fresh Water Studies; Water Resource Management

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APA (6^th Edition):

Bradley, C. D. (2011). The Impacts of Shoreline Development on Shallow-Water Benthic Communities in the Patuxent River, MD. (Masters Thesis). College of William and Mary. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617905

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Bradley, Cassie D. “The Impacts of Shoreline Development on Shallow-Water Benthic Communities in the Patuxent River, MD.” 2011. Masters Thesis, College of William and Mary. Accessed April 11, 2021. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617905.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Bradley, Cassie D. “The Impacts of Shoreline Development on Shallow-Water Benthic Communities in the Patuxent River, MD.” 2011. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Bradley CD. The Impacts of Shoreline Development on Shallow-Water Benthic Communities in the Patuxent River, MD. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. College of William and Mary; 2011. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617905.

Council of Science Editors:

Bradley CD. The Impacts of Shoreline Development on Shallow-Water Benthic Communities in the Patuxent River, MD. [Masters Thesis]. College of William and Mary; 2011. Available from: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617905

University of Georgia

19. Qi, Hang. Efficacy of electrolyzed water in degrading and removing pesticide residues on fresh produce.

Degree: 2016, University of Georgia

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10724/35447"

► Pure solution of diazinon, cyprodinil, and phosmet were treated with electrolyzed oxidizing (EO) water and electrolyzed reduced (ER) water. Lower pH, higher available chlorine content… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Electrolyzed water; fresh produce; diazinon; cyprodinil; phosmet

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APA (6^th Edition):

Qi, H. (2016). Efficacy of electrolyzed water in degrading and removing pesticide residues on fresh produce. (Thesis). University of Georgia. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10724/35447"

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Qi, Hang. “Efficacy of electrolyzed water in degrading and removing pesticide residues on fresh produce.” 2016. Thesis, University of Georgia. Accessed April 11, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10724/35447".

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Qi, Hang. “Efficacy of electrolyzed water in degrading and removing pesticide residues on fresh produce.” 2016. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Qi H. Efficacy of electrolyzed water in degrading and removing pesticide residues on fresh produce. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Georgia; 2016. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10724/35447".

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Qi H. Efficacy of electrolyzed water in degrading and removing pesticide residues on fresh produce. [Thesis]. University of Georgia; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10724/35447"

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

College of William and Mary

20. Manzi, John Joseph. Temporal and spatial heterogeneity in diatom populations of the lower York River, Virginia.

Degree: PhD, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, 1974, College of William and Mary

URL: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539616762

Subjects/Keywords: Fresh Water Studies

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APA (6^th Edition):

Manzi, J. J. (1974). Temporal and spatial heterogeneity in diatom populations of the lower York River, Virginia. (Doctoral Dissertation). College of William and Mary. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539616762

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Manzi, John Joseph. “Temporal and spatial heterogeneity in diatom populations of the lower York River, Virginia.” 1974. Doctoral Dissertation, College of William and Mary. Accessed April 11, 2021. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539616762.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Manzi, John Joseph. “Temporal and spatial heterogeneity in diatom populations of the lower York River, Virginia.” 1974. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Manzi JJ. Temporal and spatial heterogeneity in diatom populations of the lower York River, Virginia. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. College of William and Mary; 1974. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539616762.

Council of Science Editors:

Manzi JJ. Temporal and spatial heterogeneity in diatom populations of the lower York River, Virginia. [Doctoral Dissertation]. College of William and Mary; 1974. Available from: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539616762

College of William and Mary

21. Unkulvasapaul, Yothin. Modeling of water quality in estuaries and estuarine networks (Virginia, Maryland).

Degree: PhD, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, 1983, College of William and Mary

URL: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539616887

► A one dimensional finite element model for the prediction of transient water quality in an estuary is developed. Ten water quality constituents, salinity, coliform bacteria,… (more)

▼ A one dimensional finite element model for the prediction of transient water quality in an estuary is developed. Ten water quality constituents, salinity, coliform bacteria, organic nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite-nitrate nitrogen, organic phosphorous, inorganic phosphorous, phytoplankton as measured by chlorophyll 'a', DO and CBOD are included in the model. The effects of temperature, solar radiation and zooplankton predation are incorporated into the model as external forcing functions. The concentration distributions are obtained by solving the conservation of mass equations successively. A compatible hydrodynamic model is also developed to provide the driving transport processes to the water quality model. The finite element method is chosen in the numerical formulation because of its flexibility in grid layout. Linear interpolation functions are used for the spatial discretization. The time scale of the model is tidal time. The downstream boundary condition is related to the direction of tide. On flood tide the concentration of the inflowing water is prescribed. On ebb tide the dispersive flux is determined by the concentration distribution within the estuary. Two time integration methods, trapezoidal and explicit method with split time scheme, are developed. The trapezoidal scheme is found to be very stable and the accuracy is adequate for most applications. The explicit version of the computer program is shorter and the execution time is faster, but the size of the integration time step is more restricted. Both versions are validated against known analytical solutions for a rectangular channel with constant upstream boundary concentrations and uniform velocities. The implicit model was used to simulate the water quality in the James River estuary from March to October 1971. The model has also been applied to the Potomac River in Virginia, and is being applied to the Chester River in Maryland. A network version of the water quality model is also developed. The model is capable of simulating water quality in estuaries that have interconnecting channels or estuarine networks such as the lower portion of the Appomatox River. This model was used to simulate average water quality conditions in the Appomatox River.

Subjects/Keywords: Fresh Water Studies

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APA (6^th Edition):

Unkulvasapaul, Y. (1983). Modeling of water quality in estuaries and estuarine networks (Virginia, Maryland). (Doctoral Dissertation). College of William and Mary. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539616887

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Unkulvasapaul, Yothin. “Modeling of water quality in estuaries and estuarine networks (Virginia, Maryland).” 1983. Doctoral Dissertation, College of William and Mary. Accessed April 11, 2021. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539616887.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Unkulvasapaul, Yothin. “Modeling of water quality in estuaries and estuarine networks (Virginia, Maryland).” 1983. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Unkulvasapaul Y. Modeling of water quality in estuaries and estuarine networks (Virginia, Maryland). [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. College of William and Mary; 1983. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539616887.

Council of Science Editors:

Unkulvasapaul Y. Modeling of water quality in estuaries and estuarine networks (Virginia, Maryland). [Doctoral Dissertation]. College of William and Mary; 1983. Available from: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539616887

College of William and Mary

22. Fournier, Robert Omer. Nutrient Limitation of Primary Production in the York River, Virginia.

Degree: MA, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, 1963, College of William and Mary

URL: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617383

Subjects/Keywords: Fresh Water Studies

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APA (6^th Edition):

Fournier, R. O. (1963). Nutrient Limitation of Primary Production in the York River, Virginia. (Masters Thesis). College of William and Mary. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617383

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Fournier, Robert Omer. “Nutrient Limitation of Primary Production in the York River, Virginia.” 1963. Masters Thesis, College of William and Mary. Accessed April 11, 2021. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617383.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Fournier, Robert Omer. “Nutrient Limitation of Primary Production in the York River, Virginia.” 1963. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Fournier RO. Nutrient Limitation of Primary Production in the York River, Virginia. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. College of William and Mary; 1963. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617383.

Council of Science Editors:

Fournier RO. Nutrient Limitation of Primary Production in the York River, Virginia. [Masters Thesis]. College of William and Mary; 1963. Available from: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617383

College of William and Mary

23. Mackiernan, Gail Brown. Seasonal Distribution of Dinoflagellates in the Lower York River, Virginia.

Degree: MA, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, 1968, College of William and Mary

URL: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617405

Subjects/Keywords: Fresh Water Studies

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APA (6^th Edition):

Mackiernan, G. B. (1968). Seasonal Distribution of Dinoflagellates in the Lower York River, Virginia. (Masters Thesis). College of William and Mary. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617405

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Mackiernan, Gail Brown. “Seasonal Distribution of Dinoflagellates in the Lower York River, Virginia.” 1968. Masters Thesis, College of William and Mary. Accessed April 11, 2021. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617405.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Mackiernan, Gail Brown. “Seasonal Distribution of Dinoflagellates in the Lower York River, Virginia.” 1968. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Mackiernan GB. Seasonal Distribution of Dinoflagellates in the Lower York River, Virginia. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. College of William and Mary; 1968. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617405.

Council of Science Editors:

Mackiernan GB. Seasonal Distribution of Dinoflagellates in the Lower York River, Virginia. [Masters Thesis]. College of William and Mary; 1968. Available from: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617405

College of William and Mary

24. Cones, Harold Nelson. Distribution of Chrysaora quinquecirrha in the York River.

Degree: MA, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, 1968, College of William and Mary

URL: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617411

Subjects/Keywords: Fresh Water Studies

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APA (6^th Edition):

Cones, H. N. (1968). Distribution of Chrysaora quinquecirrha in the York River. (Masters Thesis). College of William and Mary. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617411

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Cones, Harold Nelson. “Distribution of Chrysaora quinquecirrha in the York River.” 1968. Masters Thesis, College of William and Mary. Accessed April 11, 2021. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617411.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Cones, Harold Nelson. “Distribution of Chrysaora quinquecirrha in the York River.” 1968. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Cones HN. Distribution of Chrysaora quinquecirrha in the York River. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. College of William and Mary; 1968. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617411.

Council of Science Editors:

Cones HN. Distribution of Chrysaora quinquecirrha in the York River. [Masters Thesis]. College of William and Mary; 1968. Available from: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617411

College of William and Mary

25. Fredette, Thomas J. Macrobenthic colonization of muddy and sandy substrates in the York River, Virginia.

Degree: MA, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, 1980, College of William and Mary

URL: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617496

Subjects/Keywords: Fresh Water Studies

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APA (6^th Edition):

Fredette, T. J. (1980). Macrobenthic colonization of muddy and sandy substrates in the York River, Virginia. (Masters Thesis). College of William and Mary. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617496

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Fredette, Thomas J. “Macrobenthic colonization of muddy and sandy substrates in the York River, Virginia.” 1980. Masters Thesis, College of William and Mary. Accessed April 11, 2021. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617496.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Fredette, Thomas J. “Macrobenthic colonization of muddy and sandy substrates in the York River, Virginia.” 1980. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Fredette TJ. Macrobenthic colonization of muddy and sandy substrates in the York River, Virginia. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. College of William and Mary; 1980. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617496.

Council of Science Editors:

Fredette TJ. Macrobenthic colonization of muddy and sandy substrates in the York River, Virginia. [Masters Thesis]. College of William and Mary; 1980. Available from: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617496

College of William and Mary

26. Kravitz, Michael Joseph. Niche relations among polychaetes of a meso-polyhaline assemblage in the York River, Virginia.

Degree: MA, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, 1983, College of William and Mary

URL: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617540

Subjects/Keywords: Fresh Water Studies

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APA (6^th Edition):

Kravitz, M. J. (1983). Niche relations among polychaetes of a meso-polyhaline assemblage in the York River, Virginia. (Masters Thesis). College of William and Mary. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617540

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kravitz, Michael Joseph. “Niche relations among polychaetes of a meso-polyhaline assemblage in the York River, Virginia.” 1983. Masters Thesis, College of William and Mary. Accessed April 11, 2021. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617540.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kravitz, Michael Joseph. “Niche relations among polychaetes of a meso-polyhaline assemblage in the York River, Virginia.” 1983. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Kravitz MJ. Niche relations among polychaetes of a meso-polyhaline assemblage in the York River, Virginia. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. College of William and Mary; 1983. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617540.

Council of Science Editors:

Kravitz MJ. Niche relations among polychaetes of a meso-polyhaline assemblage in the York River, Virginia. [Masters Thesis]. College of William and Mary; 1983. Available from: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617540

College of William and Mary

27. Ledwin, Jane M. Sedimentation and its Role in the Nutrient Dynamics of a Tidal Freshwater Marsh.

Degree: MA, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, 1988, College of William and Mary

URL: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617586

Subjects/Keywords: Fresh Water Studies

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APA (6^th Edition):

Ledwin, J. M. (1988). Sedimentation and its Role in the Nutrient Dynamics of a Tidal Freshwater Marsh. (Masters Thesis). College of William and Mary. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617586

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Ledwin, Jane M. “Sedimentation and its Role in the Nutrient Dynamics of a Tidal Freshwater Marsh.” 1988. Masters Thesis, College of William and Mary. Accessed April 11, 2021. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617586.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Ledwin, Jane M. “Sedimentation and its Role in the Nutrient Dynamics of a Tidal Freshwater Marsh.” 1988. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Ledwin JM. Sedimentation and its Role in the Nutrient Dynamics of a Tidal Freshwater Marsh. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. College of William and Mary; 1988. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617586.

Council of Science Editors:

Ledwin JM. Sedimentation and its Role in the Nutrient Dynamics of a Tidal Freshwater Marsh. [Masters Thesis]. College of William and Mary; 1988. Available from: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617586

College of William and Mary

28. Galler, John J. Medium- and Long-Term Changes in Fluvial Discharge to the Sea: The Yellow River Case Study.

Degree: MS, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, 1999, College of William and Mary

URL: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617746

Subjects/Keywords: Fresh Water Studies

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APA (6^th Edition):

Galler, J. J. (1999). Medium- and Long-Term Changes in Fluvial Discharge to the Sea: The Yellow River Case Study. (Masters Thesis). College of William and Mary. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617746

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Galler, John J. “Medium- and Long-Term Changes in Fluvial Discharge to the Sea: The Yellow River Case Study.” 1999. Masters Thesis, College of William and Mary. Accessed April 11, 2021. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617746.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Galler, John J. “Medium- and Long-Term Changes in Fluvial Discharge to the Sea: The Yellow River Case Study.” 1999. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Galler JJ. Medium- and Long-Term Changes in Fluvial Discharge to the Sea: The Yellow River Case Study. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. College of William and Mary; 1999. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617746.

Council of Science Editors:

Galler JJ. Medium- and Long-Term Changes in Fluvial Discharge to the Sea: The Yellow River Case Study. [Masters Thesis]. College of William and Mary; 1999. Available from: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617746

College of William and Mary

29. Wooden, Eric Anthony. Tidally Driven Patterns of Nekton Distribution and Utilization of a Tidal Freshwater Marsh at Morris Creek (Chickahominy River, Virginia).

Degree: MS, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, 1999, College of William and Mary

URL: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617979

Subjects/Keywords: Fresh Water Studies

Record Details Similar Records Cite « Share

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Wooden, E. A. (1999). Tidally Driven Patterns of Nekton Distribution and Utilization of a Tidal Freshwater Marsh at Morris Creek (Chickahominy River, Virginia). (Masters Thesis). College of William and Mary. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617979

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Wooden, Eric Anthony. “Tidally Driven Patterns of Nekton Distribution and Utilization of a Tidal Freshwater Marsh at Morris Creek (Chickahominy River, Virginia).” 1999. Masters Thesis, College of William and Mary. Accessed April 11, 2021. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617979.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Wooden, Eric Anthony. “Tidally Driven Patterns of Nekton Distribution and Utilization of a Tidal Freshwater Marsh at Morris Creek (Chickahominy River, Virginia).” 1999. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Wooden EA. Tidally Driven Patterns of Nekton Distribution and Utilization of a Tidal Freshwater Marsh at Morris Creek (Chickahominy River, Virginia). [Internet] [Masters thesis]. College of William and Mary; 1999. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617979.

Council of Science Editors:

Wooden EA. Tidally Driven Patterns of Nekton Distribution and Utilization of a Tidal Freshwater Marsh at Morris Creek (Chickahominy River, Virginia). [Masters Thesis]. College of William and Mary; 1999. Available from: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617979

College of William and Mary

30. Matheson, Richard Edmond. Notes on the comparative ecology of Cottus bairdi and Cottus girardi in Naked Creek, Virginia.

Degree: MA, Biology, 1979, College of William and Mary

URL: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625052

Subjects/Keywords: Fresh Water Studies

Record Details Similar Records Cite « Share

❌

APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Matheson, R. E. (1979). Notes on the comparative ecology of Cottus bairdi and Cottus girardi in Naked Creek, Virginia. (Masters Thesis). College of William and Mary. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625052

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Matheson, Richard Edmond. “Notes on the comparative ecology of Cottus bairdi and Cottus girardi in Naked Creek, Virginia.” 1979. Masters Thesis, College of William and Mary. Accessed April 11, 2021. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625052.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Matheson, Richard Edmond. “Notes on the comparative ecology of Cottus bairdi and Cottus girardi in Naked Creek, Virginia.” 1979. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Matheson RE. Notes on the comparative ecology of Cottus bairdi and Cottus girardi in Naked Creek, Virginia. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. College of William and Mary; 1979. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625052.

Council of Science Editors:

Matheson RE. Notes on the comparative ecology of Cottus bairdi and Cottus girardi in Naked Creek, Virginia. [Masters Thesis]. College of William and Mary; 1979. Available from: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625052

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