subject:(Forensic science)

University of Central Lancashire

1. Alawadhi, Ibtesam Mohammed Sharif Hashem. Methods and factors affecting digital forensic case management, allocation and completion.

Degree: PhD, 2019, University of Central Lancashire

URL: http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/30744/ ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.797879

► Modern Digital Forensic (DF) departments/sections are witnessing rapid increase in digital forensic cases through the years. The challenges of DF cases investigation are getting more… (more)

▼ Modern Digital Forensic (DF) departments/sections are witnessing rapid increase in digital forensic cases through the years. The challenges of DF cases investigation are getting more robust and they are affecting digital forensic investigation processes. Accordingly, understanding different factors affecting Person-Hours of investigation from real cases records, and recognising the context of work with different strategies and practices performed in different departments. It is necessary to create a stable ground to face all the factors affecting the investigative processes. This research detailsthe cases' trends in the D¬ubai Police. It also identifies the main challenges encountered by DF including rising volumes of data, and case complexity, using real case records from the Dubai Police, this extensive research explains the contribution of several factors to the delay in the DF investigation process. The research also elucidates the context of work of DF departments in other locations and other countries to understand a range of case allocation strategies and case management procedures. The research contributes a set of Decision Tables that could be used by DF managers and supervisors to select best proposed case allocation strategies and case management procedures. The research is accomplished through a series of three studies referred to as Study One, Study Two, and Study Three. Study One (Investigation of the Dubai Police Records) involves a quantitative analysis of secondary data in the form of case records from the Dubai Police (DP) Database and associated reports. This study addresses the first research question (RQ1): "What are the trends and challenges encountered by practitioners faced with large volume/heterogeneity DF investigations?" by measuring the growth of cases and identifying the main factors for the delay in DF investigations. Study Two (Interviews with DF managers) follows a qualitative approach using the phenomenological model, and covers the second research question (RQ2): "What are the effect of different factors behind the delay of DF investigation process?" The study identifies the common factors affecting delay in DF investigations, from the diverse experiences and backgrounds of DF decision makers around the world. Study Three (Confirmation of the Interviews) again uses the phenomenological model, and covers the third research question (RQ3): "What are the different case management procedures and workflow implementation practices currently used?" This study evaluates the efficacy of different case allocation strategies and workflow implementation practices with selected participants and results in a contribution to DF in the form of a series of Decision Tables for case allocation. The main findings of the research explain the main factors that lead to the creation of delay in DF investigation and thereafter affect the DF investigation process. Moreover, this research identifies case management strategies and workflow implementation practices. The research also suggests several Decision…

Subjects/Keywords: Forensic science

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APA (6^th Edition):

Alawadhi, I. M. S. H. (2019). Methods and factors affecting digital forensic case management, allocation and completion. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Central Lancashire. Retrieved from http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/30744/ ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.797879

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Alawadhi, Ibtesam Mohammed Sharif Hashem. “Methods and factors affecting digital forensic case management, allocation and completion.” 2019. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Central Lancashire. Accessed January 19, 2021. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/30744/ ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.797879.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Alawadhi, Ibtesam Mohammed Sharif Hashem. “Methods and factors affecting digital forensic case management, allocation and completion.” 2019. Web. 19 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Alawadhi IMSH. Methods and factors affecting digital forensic case management, allocation and completion. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Central Lancashire; 2019. [cited 2021 Jan 19]. Available from: http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/30744/ ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.797879.

Council of Science Editors:

Alawadhi IMSH. Methods and factors affecting digital forensic case management, allocation and completion. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Central Lancashire; 2019. Available from: http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/30744/ ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.797879

University of Central Lancashire

2. Baptista, Lais Vicente. Methods for improving challenging DNA profiles and molecular preservation of soft tissue samples.

Degree: PhD, 2018, University of Central Lancashire

URL: http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/23801/ ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.755049

► Degradation of DNA can lead to either poor quality, imbalanced, or even no profiles. Therefore, appropriate collection and storage methods are critical to minimize its… (more)

▼ Degradation of DNA can lead to either poor quality, imbalanced, or even no profiles. Therefore, appropriate collection and storage methods are critical to minimize its impact. If the DNA is degraded prior to sample collection, then the degradation process can only be arrested and other methods have to be employed to try to improve the quality of the DNA profile. The major aims of this thesis were to assess alternative methods for molecular preservation of muscle tissue samples and to obtain better DNA profiles from degraded samples. Assessment of DNA degradation was undertaken using an in-house PCR assay which amplifies four amplicons from 70 bp to 384 bp. DNA degradation was evaluated in whole pig carcasses exposed to hot and humid environmental conditions. A full DNA profile could be generated for 24 hours, but some full profiles were obtained from samples taken as late as 72 hours. It was determined that when collecting tissue samples from partially decomposed bodies, those should be preferentially from the surface of the body in touch with the ground, as the results show that DNA persistence is improved. In order to compare field and laboratory degradation patterns, muscle tissue samples were incubated in the laboratory at 25 °C and 37 °C. The persistence of DNA was increased when compared to field, most likely due to the lack of insect activity and of variations in temperature and humidity. Partially degraded muscle samples were preserved with 96% ethanol, cell lysis solution, or cell lysis solution with 1% sodium azide, which had been stored at room temperature for seven years. Samples were re-extracted to assess the long-term efficacy of these storage solutions. The results show that ethanol and cell lysis solution with 1% sodium azide were successful in preserving DNA for this period. Fresh muscle tissue samples were stored at 25 °C and 37 °C for up to 42 days using vodka and 37.5% ethanol as preservatives. Complete amplification profiles were obtained up to the last time point from samples that had any preservative solution, while samples left untreated had dropouts after 14 days. It is recommended that the use of drinking ethanol should be considered in situations where the stock of absolute ethanol is limited. The possibility of using vacuum for preservation was tested on fresh muscle tissue samples incubated at 25 °C and 37 °C. The results show that even if there was a limited amount of air inside the storage bag, and not complete vacuum, DNA persistence was enhanced when compared to samples incubated at the same conditions in plastic tubes. Some approaches were attempted to improve degraded DNA profiles. First, degraded DNA was selectively extracted from agarose gels to manipulate the proportion of longer and smaller DNA fragments present. Despite promising preliminary results, this technique showed no usefulness in improving DNA profiles. Purification columns were used with the same aim, but when comparing the original sample with the processed samples, the best results obtained were of equivalence. As…

Subjects/Keywords: Forensic science

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Baptista, L. V. (2018). Methods for improving challenging DNA profiles and molecular preservation of soft tissue samples. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Central Lancashire. Retrieved from http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/23801/ ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.755049

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Baptista, Lais Vicente. “Methods for improving challenging DNA profiles and molecular preservation of soft tissue samples.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Central Lancashire. Accessed January 19, 2021. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/23801/ ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.755049.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Baptista, Lais Vicente. “Methods for improving challenging DNA profiles and molecular preservation of soft tissue samples.” 2018. Web. 19 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Baptista LV. Methods for improving challenging DNA profiles and molecular preservation of soft tissue samples. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Central Lancashire; 2018. [cited 2021 Jan 19]. Available from: http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/23801/ ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.755049.

Council of Science Editors:

Baptista LV. Methods for improving challenging DNA profiles and molecular preservation of soft tissue samples. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Central Lancashire; 2018. Available from: http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/23801/ ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.755049

University of Central Lancashire

3. Alsafiah, Hussain Mohammed H. Evaluation of DNA polymorphisms for kinship testing in the population of Saudi Arabia.

Degree: PhD, 2019, University of Central Lancashire

URL: http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/34902/ ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.819267

► Short Tandem Repeats (STRs) have been the standard DNA marker employed in forensic laboratories for more than two decades. Due to the advances in the… (more)

▼ Short Tandem Repeats (STRs) have been the standard DNA marker employed in forensic laboratories for more than two decades. Due to the advances in the kit chemistries and separation technologies (capillary electrophoresis (CE) systems), the number of STRs that can be simultaneously typed has grown to 21-26; this provides sufficient confidence in the conclusions of most kinship cases. However, more complex cases (e.g. testing distant relatives, potential mutations, deficient cases or incest cases) or when the target population shows an increased level of consanguinity, the genetic evidence may prove inconclusive. This necessitates testing additional STRs included in supplementary STR kits. Another option is by using Massively Parallel Sequencing (MPS) systems that allow simultaneous sequencing of additional DNA markers. A total 500 samples from the population of Saudi Arabia were collected. Two CE-based STR kits were used: GlobalfilerTM PCR amplification kit (AB, USA) and SureID® 23 comp Human Identification kit (Health Gene Technologies, China) that together allowed 38 aSTRs to be analysed. In addition, as the SureID® 23 comp kit has not been validated either by an independent laboratory or by the manufacturer, the kit was validated following the minimum criteria of the European Network of Forensic Science Institutes (ENFSI) and the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM). Moreover, the ForenSeqTM DNA Signature Prep Kit (Verogen) was used to sequence 87 samples and to generate sequence-based data for 122 autosomal markers included in the kit. The project allowed, in total, obtaining size-based data for 136 autosomal markers (42 aSTRs and 94 iiSNPs) and sequence-based data for 122 autosomal markers (28 aSTRs including SE33 and 94 iiSNPs). The data were evaluated for human identification and kinship testing in Saudi Arabia Although GlobalfilerTM kit provided combined match probability (CMP) of 1.42E-26 that is much higher than the kit currently used in Saudi Arabia that has a CMP of 2.23E-18 (Identifiler plus kit), the availability of data for 42 aSTRs allowed other commercially available kits to be evaluated (based on the loci they contain). The study suggests adopting VeriFilerTM Plus (AB) or PowerPlex Fusion 6C system (Promega Corporation, USA) as a standard STR kit that would provide the lowest CMPs (9.26E-29 and 1.03E-29, respectively). Adopting any of the three kits would provide sufficient confidence in most parent-child cases (trio or duo). The validation of the SureID® 23 comp has shown that the kit met the criteria commonly used in forensic genetics laboratories. In addition, the kit can benefit from some developments that were identified by the validation, in particular the addition of extra alleles in the allelic ladder and also to increase the amount of input DNA that can be added to an amplification. The kit can be used if any kinship cases showed inconclusive results with GlobalFilerTM, VeriFilerTM Plus or PowerPlex Fusion 6C allowing 38-40 aSTRs to be analysed. The ForenSeqTM DNA…

Subjects/Keywords: Forensic science

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Alsafiah, H. M. H. (2019). Evaluation of DNA polymorphisms for kinship testing in the population of Saudi Arabia. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Central Lancashire. Retrieved from http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/34902/ ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.819267

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Alsafiah, Hussain Mohammed H. “Evaluation of DNA polymorphisms for kinship testing in the population of Saudi Arabia.” 2019. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Central Lancashire. Accessed January 19, 2021. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/34902/ ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.819267.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Alsafiah, Hussain Mohammed H. “Evaluation of DNA polymorphisms for kinship testing in the population of Saudi Arabia.” 2019. Web. 19 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Alsafiah HMH. Evaluation of DNA polymorphisms for kinship testing in the population of Saudi Arabia. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Central Lancashire; 2019. [cited 2021 Jan 19]. Available from: http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/34902/ ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.819267.

Council of Science Editors:

Alsafiah HMH. Evaluation of DNA polymorphisms for kinship testing in the population of Saudi Arabia. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Central Lancashire; 2019. Available from: http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/34902/ ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.819267

Boston University

4. Costa, Judy. The prevalence of synthetic cannabinoids in forensic casework based on data from the Drug Enforcement Administration's National Forensic Laboratory Information System.

Degree: MS, Biomedical Forensic Sciences, 2015, Boston University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2144/13967

► "Synthetic Cannabinoids are among newly synthetized drugs that have become widely known throughout the United States and around the world. Originally, these compounds were used… (more)

▼ "Synthetic Cannabinoids are among newly synthetized drugs that have become widely known throughout the United States and around the world. Originally, these compounds were used by researchers to isolate the medicinal effects of natural cannabis. Ultimately these compounds found their way into the illicit drug market as an alternative to marijuana. Unfortunately, the pharmacology of synthetic cannabinoids is not known in detail but it has been confirmed that they elicit stronger, more often times negative effects compared to natural cannabis. The use of these compounds have resulted in cases of overdose and even death. The National Forensic Laboratory Information System (NFLIS) collects drug report information involving narcotics, stimulants, depressants, hallucinogens, cannabis, and emerging drugs such as anabolic steroids, phenethylamines, and synthetic cannabinoids, to name a few. They receive drug reports from forensic laboratories and perform statistical analysis to establish the prevalence of these drugs through out the United States. Specifically, the use of published NFLIS data sets from 2009-2013 and unpublished data set from 2013-2014 provided prevalence information from laboratories that have received synthetic cannabinoids in their forensic casework. The use of additional surveys and databases to supplement NFLIS data sets were used to better understand which particular groups of people are most likely to consume synthetic cannabinoids and in what specific regions. Understanding how common the abuse of synthetic cannabinoids provides information on how best to control them and potentially prevent health risks associated with their use. The prevalence of synthetic cannabinoid use has demonstrated an increasing-decreasing-increasing pattern throughout the years. The specific synthetic cannabinoids that have been identified in drug cases have changed over time to bypass the drug control laws. The future prevalence of these drugs is uncertain but knowledge of current patterns may help us to understand the state of this issue and plan for the future cases our forensic drug chemistry laboratories will face."

Subjects/Keywords: Chemistry; Forensic science; Forensic toxicology

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Costa, J. (2015). The prevalence of synthetic cannabinoids in forensic casework based on data from the Drug Enforcement Administration's National Forensic Laboratory Information System. (Masters Thesis). Boston University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2144/13967

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Costa, Judy. “The prevalence of synthetic cannabinoids in forensic casework based on data from the Drug Enforcement Administration's National Forensic Laboratory Information System.” 2015. Masters Thesis, Boston University. Accessed January 19, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2144/13967.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Costa, Judy. “The prevalence of synthetic cannabinoids in forensic casework based on data from the Drug Enforcement Administration's National Forensic Laboratory Information System.” 2015. Web. 19 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Costa J. The prevalence of synthetic cannabinoids in forensic casework based on data from the Drug Enforcement Administration's National Forensic Laboratory Information System. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Boston University; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 19]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2144/13967.

Council of Science Editors:

Costa J. The prevalence of synthetic cannabinoids in forensic casework based on data from the Drug Enforcement Administration's National Forensic Laboratory Information System. [Masters Thesis]. Boston University; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2144/13967

University of Cape Town

5. Vuko, Loyiso Abongile Marvin. Post-mortem toxicogenetics: determining the suitable of blood samples collected for routine toxicological analyses for use in subsequent genetic analyses.

Degree: MPhil, Division of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, 2018, University of Cape Town

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29525

► South Africa has one of the highest prevalences of drug misuse and abuse in Africa. Salt River Mortuary (Cape Town, South Africa), along with other… (more)

▼ South Africa has one of the highest prevalences of drug misuse and abuse in Africa. Salt River Mortuary (Cape Town, South Africa), along with other national Forensic Pathology Service providers, receives many cases of suspected drug-related deaths. In some cases, the traditional autopsy – when viewed together with the decedent's history – is not able to indicate whether a drug-related death is accidental or suicidal in relation to altered drug metabolism. Literature has shown that this can be investigated by sequencing gene(s) encoding the implicated metabolising enzyme(s) in a postmortem genetic analysis. However, as such an analysis would normally be performed following the obtainment of postmortem toxicological results, it is imperative to investigate whether blood samples retrieved back from a toxicology laboratory would be sufficient for the said genetic analysis, despite the handling involved in the process of toxicological investigation. To this end, blood samples from 30 deceased individuals in which drug use/abuse may have contributed to death, were collected into two red-top tubes (plain), two grey-top tubes (containing sodium fluoride and potassium oxalate) and one EDTAcontaining purple-top tube (control). DNA was immediately extracted from one of each colour tube, while the duplicate red-top and grey-top tubes first underwent a process of toxicological analyses, and then underwent DNA extraction. The concentration, degradation, purity, contamination, and quality of DNA were assessed using real-time PCR, spectrophotometry, forensic DNA profiling, and Sanger sequencing. In contrast to the grey-top tubes, the results showed that the red-top tubes were most suitable for the aforementioned genetic analysis. Overall, the study not only demonstrated that postmortem genetic analysis using samples retrieved from a toxicology laboratory is possible in the local context, but also provided guidelines around the pre-analytical phase of the analysis. These results illustrate the opportunity to investigate these toxicogenetic avenues further, particularly in future expansion of services currently provided at Salt River Mortuary, which may provide families more information about circumstances of their relative’s death. Advisors/Committee Members: Davies, Bronwen (advisor), Heathfield, Laura (advisor), Auckloo, Kathrina (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Forensic Medicine; Biomedical Forensic Science

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APA (6^th Edition):

Vuko, L. A. M. (2018). Post-mortem toxicogenetics: determining the suitable of blood samples collected for routine toxicological analyses for use in subsequent genetic analyses. (Thesis). University of Cape Town. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29525

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Vuko, Loyiso Abongile Marvin. “Post-mortem toxicogenetics: determining the suitable of blood samples collected for routine toxicological analyses for use in subsequent genetic analyses.” 2018. Thesis, University of Cape Town. Accessed January 19, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29525.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Vuko, Loyiso Abongile Marvin. “Post-mortem toxicogenetics: determining the suitable of blood samples collected for routine toxicological analyses for use in subsequent genetic analyses.” 2018. Web. 19 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Vuko LAM. Post-mortem toxicogenetics: determining the suitable of blood samples collected for routine toxicological analyses for use in subsequent genetic analyses. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Cape Town; 2018. [cited 2021 Jan 19]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29525.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Vuko LAM. Post-mortem toxicogenetics: determining the suitable of blood samples collected for routine toxicological analyses for use in subsequent genetic analyses. [Thesis]. University of Cape Town; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29525

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Boston University

6. Tine, Emily Marion. Ninhydrin as a universal screening tool for body fluids.

Degree: MS, Biomedical Forensic Sciences, 2014, Boston University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2144/15318

► Ninhydrin is one of the most widely used chemical reagents for the enhancement of latent fingerprint impressions on porous substrates^1-22. Ninhydrin (2,2-dihydroxyindane-1,3-dione) reacts with the… (more)

▼ Ninhydrin is one of the most widely used chemical reagents for the enhancement of latent fingerprint impressions on porous substrates^1-22. Ninhydrin (2,2-dihydroxyindane-1,3-dione) reacts with the amino acids most commonly encountered in the sweat of fingerprints, producing an intense purple color¹. Since ninhydrin reacts with amino groups in organic compounds, the chemical ought to be able to positively react with biological materials collected at crime scenes that contain amino acids associated with the nucleic acids in DNA¹,21. Previous studies have investigated the use of ninhydrin as a screening tool for specific types of biological material²¹,22. Driscoll et al. has found that treating buccal swabs with ninhydrin has greatly assisted in locating the buccal cells for subsequent DNA analysis²². Bayer et al. has shown that ninhydrin can be an effective screening method of swabs containing an unknown content of biological material and can detect cellular material on handled items²¹. In addition, ninhydrin has repeatedly been shown to have minimal effect on DNA and downstream PCR processes¹⁶,21,22. Present methods for body fluid identification test for only one body fluid at a time, i.e. identifying three different body fluids would require that three different assays be employed. Pre-screening certain items with ninhydrin could assist crime scene investigators in collecting the most probative samples, rather than randomly selecting from items that may or may not contain any biological material. Ninhydrin is inexpensive, easy to use and has the potential to be an effective screening tool for various types of biological material. Additionally, a tool that encompasses various types of biological materials is beneficial to crime scene investigators by minimizing the resources needed and providing a broader situational use. In this study, the capability of ninhydrin to react with dilute blood, neat semen, neat saliva, vaginal secretions, neat urine and perspiration was determined. In addition, the efficacy of various methods for processing and developing the ninhydrin reaction as well as the effectiveness of ninhydrin as a screening tool on various substrates were explored. Furthermore, the effect of ninhydrin on subsequent presumptive and confirmatory body fluid testing was examined. The results show that ninhydrin can successfully enhance latent blood, semen, saliva, vaginal secretions, urine and perspiration. Different substrates affected the visualization of ninhydrin-processed stains, thus the type of substrate should be considered when using ninhydrin, and methods may need to be adjusted accordingly. Further, ninhydrin processing does not appear to detrimentally affect subsequent presumptive and confirmatory screening for blood, semen and urine. Saliva testing results were inconsistent and must be further studied to determine whether or not ninhydrin negatively affects the outcome of these tests. Not all stains that reacted positively with ninhydrin were body fluids. Whole milk, beer,…

Subjects/Keywords: Biology; Forensic; Science

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Tine, E. M. (2014). Ninhydrin as a universal screening tool for body fluids. (Masters Thesis). Boston University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2144/15318

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Tine, Emily Marion. “Ninhydrin as a universal screening tool for body fluids.” 2014. Masters Thesis, Boston University. Accessed January 19, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2144/15318.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Tine, Emily Marion. “Ninhydrin as a universal screening tool for body fluids.” 2014. Web. 19 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Tine EM. Ninhydrin as a universal screening tool for body fluids. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Boston University; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 19]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2144/15318.

Council of Science Editors:

Tine EM. Ninhydrin as a universal screening tool for body fluids. [Masters Thesis]. Boston University; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2144/15318

University of Otago

7. Radford, Gemma Elizabeth. Modelling Cranial Gunshot Wounds and Backspatter .

Degree: 2010, University of Otago

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/393

► Bloodspatter from gunshot wounds may be divided into two categories; forward spatter and backspatter. Forward spatter is ejected from the exit wound and travels in… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Forensic Science; Backspatter

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Radford, G. E. (2010). Modelling Cranial Gunshot Wounds and Backspatter . (Masters Thesis). University of Otago. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10523/393

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Radford, Gemma Elizabeth. “Modelling Cranial Gunshot Wounds and Backspatter .” 2010. Masters Thesis, University of Otago. Accessed January 19, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10523/393.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Radford, Gemma Elizabeth. “Modelling Cranial Gunshot Wounds and Backspatter .” 2010. Web. 19 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Radford GE. Modelling Cranial Gunshot Wounds and Backspatter . [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Otago; 2010. [cited 2021 Jan 19]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/393.

Council of Science Editors:

Radford GE. Modelling Cranial Gunshot Wounds and Backspatter . [Masters Thesis]. University of Otago; 2010. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/393

University of Central Lancashire

8. Williamson, Claire Louise. The analysis of ballpoint inks with APCI-MS after fading with light, hydrogen peroxide and sodium hypochlorite bleach.

Degree: PhD, 2015, University of Central Lancashire

URL: http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/16735/ ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.721726

► The ability to discriminate between different inks and to determine the length of time an ink has been on a substrate can provide important scientific… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: 363.25; Forensic science

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Williamson, C. L. (2015). The analysis of ballpoint inks with APCI-MS after fading with light, hydrogen peroxide and sodium hypochlorite bleach. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Central Lancashire. Retrieved from http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/16735/ ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.721726

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Williamson, Claire Louise. “The analysis of ballpoint inks with APCI-MS after fading with light, hydrogen peroxide and sodium hypochlorite bleach.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Central Lancashire. Accessed January 19, 2021. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/16735/ ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.721726.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Williamson, Claire Louise. “The analysis of ballpoint inks with APCI-MS after fading with light, hydrogen peroxide and sodium hypochlorite bleach.” 2015. Web. 19 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Williamson CL. The analysis of ballpoint inks with APCI-MS after fading with light, hydrogen peroxide and sodium hypochlorite bleach. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Central Lancashire; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 19]. Available from: http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/16735/ ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.721726.

Council of Science Editors:

Williamson CL. The analysis of ballpoint inks with APCI-MS after fading with light, hydrogen peroxide and sodium hypochlorite bleach. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Central Lancashire; 2015. Available from: http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/16735/ ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.721726

University of Central Lancashire

9. Lynch-Aird, Jeanne Elizabeth. Estimation of post-mortem interval using decomposition scales for hanging bodies.

Degree: PhD, 2016, University of Central Lancashire

URL: http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/16582/ ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.702564

► The extent of decomposition of a body can be used, in conjunction with accumulated degree days (ADD), to provide an estimate of the post-mortem interval… (more)

▼ The extent of decomposition of a body can be used, in conjunction with accumulated degree days (ADD), to provide an estimate of the post-mortem interval (PMI). PMI estimations are important in aiding police to narrow down the possible identity of a body, and to include or exclude suspects, and also to establish the order of death for inheritance purposes when two or more potential beneficiaries die at around the same time. Previous studies have shown the decomposition pattern in hanging bodies to be different from that of a body on the ground, but the sample sizes used have been small. This study presents the results of a series of decomposition studies on hanging bodies in a variety of situations; clothed and unclothed, and fully or partially suspended. The study used domestic pigs (Sus scrofa) which enabled large enough sample sizes for statistical robustness. Pigs lying on the ground were used as controls. The pattern of decomposition in hanging pigs was found to differ sufficiently from that of pigs lying on the ground to require the creation of a novel decomposition scoring scale, which was used successfully to score both clothed and unclothed fully suspended bodies, as well as the upper, suspended, part of partially suspended bodies. The presence of loose, lightweight clothing, which did not impede insect access, was found to affect both the pattern and rate of decomposition in hanging pigs, with the clothed bodies decomposing faster than the unclothed bodies (p < 0.05, F2, 477 = 1238). The variations in the start weights of the pigs used for these studies was found to have a statistically significant effect on the rate of decomposition for both the hanging bodies and those on the ground (p < 0.05, F5, 714 = 1962) but the effect was so small as to make no practical difference across the range of start weights encountered. The effect of variation in start weight may be of greater concern, however, in scoring very heavy, obese, bodies and may be exacerbated by the increased fat-to-muscle ratios encountered in such bodies. Finally a set of ADD prediction tables were produced for the hanging and surface pigs. Further work is needed to establish to what extent these tables can be used for humans and, in light of the growing obesity problems in humans, to investigate the effect of weight and increased fat-to-muscle ratios on the pattern and rate of decomposition.

Subjects/Keywords: 614.1; Forensic science

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Lynch-Aird, J. E. (2016). Estimation of post-mortem interval using decomposition scales for hanging bodies. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Central Lancashire. Retrieved from http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/16582/ ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.702564

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Lynch-Aird, Jeanne Elizabeth. “Estimation of post-mortem interval using decomposition scales for hanging bodies.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Central Lancashire. Accessed January 19, 2021. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/16582/ ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.702564.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Lynch-Aird, Jeanne Elizabeth. “Estimation of post-mortem interval using decomposition scales for hanging bodies.” 2016. Web. 19 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Lynch-Aird JE. Estimation of post-mortem interval using decomposition scales for hanging bodies. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Central Lancashire; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 19]. Available from: http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/16582/ ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.702564.

Council of Science Editors:

Lynch-Aird JE. Estimation of post-mortem interval using decomposition scales for hanging bodies. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Central Lancashire; 2016. Available from: http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/16582/ ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.702564

University of Central Lancashire

10. Birdsall, Nathan. Intimate partner violence victimology : factors affecting victim engagement with the police and criminal justice system.

Degree: PhD, 2018, University of Central Lancashire

URL: http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/23106/ ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.755040

► The thesis concerns an examination of victim engagement with the police investigation of domestic abuse. Notwithstanding the huge efforts being made in tackling the problem… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: 363.25; Forensic science

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APA (6^th Edition):

Birdsall, N. (2018). Intimate partner violence victimology : factors affecting victim engagement with the police and criminal justice system. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Central Lancashire. Retrieved from http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/23106/ ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.755040

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Birdsall, Nathan. “Intimate partner violence victimology : factors affecting victim engagement with the police and criminal justice system.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Central Lancashire. Accessed January 19, 2021. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/23106/ ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.755040.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Birdsall, Nathan. “Intimate partner violence victimology : factors affecting victim engagement with the police and criminal justice system.” 2018. Web. 19 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Birdsall N. Intimate partner violence victimology : factors affecting victim engagement with the police and criminal justice system. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Central Lancashire; 2018. [cited 2021 Jan 19]. Available from: http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/23106/ ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.755040.

Council of Science Editors:

Birdsall N. Intimate partner violence victimology : factors affecting victim engagement with the police and criminal justice system. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Central Lancashire; 2018. Available from: http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/23106/ ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.755040

University of Central Lancashire

11. Hassan, Nur Haliza Binti. Evaluation of insertion/deletion polymorphisms (INDELs) applied to forensic casework in Malaysia.

Degree: PhD, 2017, University of Central Lancashire

URL: http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/20673/ ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.727089

► In Malaysia, as well as other forensic laboratories in tropical climates many of the crime scene samples received at the forensic laboratory are less than… (more)

▼ In Malaysia, as well as other forensic laboratories in tropical climates many of the crime scene samples received at the forensic laboratory are less than ideal. They are often present low amounts and/or degraded due to environmental exposure to high temperatures, sun and humidity for days or even months. STR analysis is widely accepted by forensic community, but sometimes this technique gives unreliable results when profiling degraded samples as the amplicons size are relatively larger (100 bp to 450 bp). While, miniSTR is a reduced size of STR amplicons which enables higher recovery of information from degraded samples, but only a few loci are amplified and allele drop out still may occur, as the amplicons are up to 200 bp. The percentage of recovery DNA profile from degraded DNA using mtDNA is much higher due to its present in cells at a much higher copy number than the nuclear DNA. However, the major drawback for mtDNA is labour intensive and has a low information value (i.e. it is not highly discriminating). Insertion/deletion polymorphisms (INDELs) are relatively new class of a DNA marker used in forensic casework; used most commonly as a supplementary method to STR (Short Tandem Repeat) based typing. INDELs, like SNPs (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms), are particularly useful for the analysis of highly degraded DNA as the amplicon sizes are typically below 160 bp; they can also be valuable as an additional tool to help resolve kinship cases, with the advantage over STRs that do not have high mutation rates. INDELs have an advantage over SNPs in that they are length polymorphisms and so can be analysed by simply measuring the length of the allele(s). The Qiagen Investigator DIPplex® kit is currently one of two commercially available kits for the amplification of INDEL polymorphisms; it amplifies 30 biallellic INDEL loci and the amelogenin locus. The primers used are fluorescence labelled with 6-FAM, BTG, BTY and BTR. This technique is robust, relatively simple, and the results are analysed using the same capillary electrophoresis equipment and software as used for STR typing. The INDEL markers have simple biallelic structure and combine the advantages of STR and SNP assays. This study has established that the INDEL technique, using the Investigator® DIPplex PCR kit, is a simple, informative and sensitive approach for the typing of degraded DNA, as compared to STRs and SNPs. In this research, allele frequencies for 30 autosomal INDEL loci were studied in 500 unrelated individuals (100 each) from Malay, Malay-Chinese (M-Chinese), Malay-Indian (M-Indians), Iban and Bidayuh. The PCR amplification used the Qiagen Investigator® DIPplex kit. These population groups represent the majority of the population in Malaysia. No significant departure from Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) expectations were observed for most of the INDEL loci analyzed (p-value >0.05) on the Malaysian population samples. The exceptions were HLD101 for Malay (p = 0.0009), HLD133 for M-Indian (p=0.005), HLD125 for Iban (p=0.028) and HLD93 for…

Subjects/Keywords: 614; Forensic science

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Hassan, N. H. B. (2017). Evaluation of insertion/deletion polymorphisms (INDELs) applied to forensic casework in Malaysia. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Central Lancashire. Retrieved from http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/20673/ ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.727089

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Hassan, Nur Haliza Binti. “Evaluation of insertion/deletion polymorphisms (INDELs) applied to forensic casework in Malaysia.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Central Lancashire. Accessed January 19, 2021. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/20673/ ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.727089.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Hassan, Nur Haliza Binti. “Evaluation of insertion/deletion polymorphisms (INDELs) applied to forensic casework in Malaysia.” 2017. Web. 19 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Hassan NHB. Evaluation of insertion/deletion polymorphisms (INDELs) applied to forensic casework in Malaysia. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Central Lancashire; 2017. [cited 2021 Jan 19]. Available from: http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/20673/ ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.727089.

Council of Science Editors:

Hassan NHB. Evaluation of insertion/deletion polymorphisms (INDELs) applied to forensic casework in Malaysia. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Central Lancashire; 2017. Available from: http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/20673/ ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.727089

University of Cape Town

12. Kulenkampff, Kyle Sieghard. DNA barcoding of forensically important blow flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) within the Western Cape of South Africa.

Degree: MPhil, Pathology, 2019, University of Cape Town

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31810

► In forensic entomology, determining species identity is a crucial step towards estimating post mortem interval. DNA barcoding can aid in the identification of unknown forensically… (more)

▼ In forensic entomology, determining species identity is a crucial step towards estimating post mortem interval. DNA barcoding can aid in the identification of unknown forensically relevant species, and this requires the comparison of DNA barcodes to reference data from known species. However, there is a lack of DNA barcode reference data of forensically relevant Calliphoridae species in the Western Cape (South Africa). DNA barcodes were generated for the COI and ITS2 markers for 41 forensically relevant Calliphoridae specimens, representing seven species from six localities in the Western Cape: Chrysomya albiceps (n = 3), Chrysomya chloropyga (n = 8), Chrysomya marginalis (n = 5), Chrysomya megacephala (n = 7), Hemipyrellia fernandica (n = 1), Lucilia cuprina (n = 8) and Lucilia sericata (n = 9). This data was combined with that from Cooke et al. (2018) (n = 40), and subjected to rigorous statistical and phylogenetic analyses. Phylogenetic analysis which combined data for both COI and ITS2 barcodes returned monophyletic clades for each species with increased support when compared to using each barcode individually. This combined dataset was able to discriminate between L. cuprina and L. sericata with full support (100% pP), which was not achieved previously. DNA barcodes were evaluated for intra- and inter-specific variance as well as haplotype patterning. No haplotype patterning was observed for either barcodes across sampled localities. Lastly, a single-blinded approach was used to assess the dataset, whereby DNA barcodes from ‘unknown’ specimens were correctly identified using this reference data. These identifications were more accurate than those using GenBank® or BOLD, highlighting the importance of using locally relevant reference data. This study has contributed new data pertaining to DNA barcodes for seven Calliphoridae species, which was previously scarce for the Western Cape, and this has directly contributed to an improvement in the accuracy of local species identification. Advisors/Committee Members: Heathfield, Laura (advisor), Heyns, Marise (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Biomedical Forensic Science

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Kulenkampff, K. S. (2019). DNA barcoding of forensically important blow flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) within the Western Cape of South Africa. (Thesis). University of Cape Town. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31810

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kulenkampff, Kyle Sieghard. “DNA barcoding of forensically important blow flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) within the Western Cape of South Africa.” 2019. Thesis, University of Cape Town. Accessed January 19, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31810.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kulenkampff, Kyle Sieghard. “DNA barcoding of forensically important blow flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) within the Western Cape of South Africa.” 2019. Web. 19 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Kulenkampff KS. DNA barcoding of forensically important blow flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) within the Western Cape of South Africa. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Cape Town; 2019. [cited 2021 Jan 19]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31810.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Kulenkampff KS. DNA barcoding of forensically important blow flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) within the Western Cape of South Africa. [Thesis]. University of Cape Town; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31810

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Cape Town

13. De Jong, Jacqui Anne. Investigating the effectiveness and efficiency of forensic pathology practice in Western Cape, South Africa.

Degree: Image, Division of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, 2017, University of Cape Town

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/24882

► Introduction: In South Africa (SA), the forensic sector faces significant challenges including how to meet increasing public expectations for high quality, reliable and valid scientific… (more)

▼ Introduction: In South Africa (SA), the forensic sector faces significant challenges including how to meet increasing public expectations for high quality, reliable and valid scientific and medico legal results, whilst dealing with increasing caseloads and restricted resources in a developing country. Internationally, lean six-sigma and/or business-based frameworks have been developed to define, measure and analyse the efficiency, effectiveness and output of forensic laboratories, so as to assess performance to meet such challenges. Aim: This pilot project aimed to investigate the effectiveness and efficiency of forensic pathology practice at Salt River Mortuary (SRM) by applying lean six sigma principles (define, measure, analyse and improve) and FORESIGHT metric analyses to retrospective case and staffing data, as well as prospective observational analyses. Methods: A retrospective analysis of cases admitted to Salt River Mortuary in 2015 was conducted to define and measure a snapshot of forensic pathology practice in Cape Town. In addition, observations of autopsy processes were conducted to identify bottlenecks in the system and provide suggestions for improvement. Results: An analysis of post-mortem report turn-around for 3567 cases admitted to SRM in 2015 showed that approximately 10% of cases were closed (cause of death was determined) on the day of the post-mortem, 65% within 14 days and 80% closed within a 30 day period. Certain requested ancillary investigations delayed the finalisation of cause of death; for example, only 8.33% of carbon monoxide testing and 30.31% of histological examinations were completed within the year. A process map outlining autopsy practices at SRM was generated through observational data, which also identified key bottlenecks in the process (e.g.: equipment issues). Preliminary financial data suggested that it cost on average R16 155.03 per case. Staff data demonstrated a lack of pathologists compared to other staff categories and high case load requirements. Discussion: This pilot study investigates the utilization of metrics and strategic frameworks to assess forensic pathology processes in Cape Town. This study offers a cross-sectional insight into financial performance, efficiency and effectiveness of post-mortem investigations at SRM, highlighting bottlenecks and inefficiencies, and providing suggestions for improvement. The findings will assist in forming a basis for future work into the development of a framework for monitoring performance and progress, and developing benchmark standards for the death investigation system in South Africa Advisors/Committee Members: Davies, Bronwen (advisor), Martin, Lorna J (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Biomedical Forensic Science

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

De Jong, J. A. (2017). Investigating the effectiveness and efficiency of forensic pathology practice in Western Cape, South Africa. (Thesis). University of Cape Town. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11427/24882

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

De Jong, Jacqui Anne. “Investigating the effectiveness and efficiency of forensic pathology practice in Western Cape, South Africa.” 2017. Thesis, University of Cape Town. Accessed January 19, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/24882.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

De Jong, Jacqui Anne. “Investigating the effectiveness and efficiency of forensic pathology practice in Western Cape, South Africa.” 2017. Web. 19 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

De Jong JA. Investigating the effectiveness and efficiency of forensic pathology practice in Western Cape, South Africa. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Cape Town; 2017. [cited 2021 Jan 19]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/24882.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

De Jong JA. Investigating the effectiveness and efficiency of forensic pathology practice in Western Cape, South Africa. [Thesis]. University of Cape Town; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/24882

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

14. Patience, Meryl. Retrospective analysis of suspected pesticide-related fatalities admitted to Salt River Mortuary in the West Metropole of Cape Town, Republic of South Africa.

Degree: MPhil, Pathology, 2018, University of Cape Town

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29351

► Introduction: Pesticides offer great benefits in the agricultural sector, but exposure may pose both acute and chronic health risks to humans. In developing countries, morbidity… (more)

▼ Introduction: Pesticides offer great benefits in the agricultural sector, but exposure may pose both acute and chronic health risks to humans. In developing countries, morbidity and mortality rates related to pesticide exposure are high and in certain areas (such as in rural, lower socioeconomic and/or agricultural-dependent communities), pesticides may be stored in and around homes, which may increase the risk of accidental exposure as well as intentional poisoning. In Cape Town, South Africa, this public health issue is exacerbated by the informal selling of street pesticides. These are pesticides that usually comprise of a mixture of these chemicals, sold unregistered as liquids or granules in bottles or packages without clear identification labels, for domestic use. While cheap and widely available in informal settlements; these pesticide formulations are not regulated and extremely toxic. Data illustrating the extent and nature of fatalities related to acute and chronic pesticide exposure in Cape Town, particularly as related to street pesticides, is limited. This dissertation provides an overview of the literature associated with pesticide toxicity and related mortality, paying particular attention to available South African research. This is followed by a study investigating pesticide deaths at Salt-River Mortuary over a period of five years. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and characteristics of deaths associated with suspected acute pesticide toxicity, to broaden the spectrum of knowledge concerning pesticide-related deaths in Cape Town, South Africa. Methods: A retrospective analysis of cases admitted to Salt River Mortuary (SRM) from 2011 to 2015 (inclusive) was conducted. Demographic, autopsy, investigative and toxicological data (where available) were collected from post-mortem and other investigative reports. Results: Of the total of 16,453 cases admitted to SRM over a five-year period from January 2011 until December 2015, 104 (0.63%) were deemed to be acutely pesticide-related based on available autopsy data. There was an equal number of male (n=52; 50%) and female (n=52; 50%) victims. Most deaths (n=74; 71%) occurred at medical centres following exposure, and Terbufos was found to be the common pesticide detected analytically (n=42, 61%) in toxicology reports available (76%). Results revealed that (60%) of acute pesticide toxicity cases were suspected suicides, while (6%) of cases were suspected accidents and (3%) cases were suspected homicides, while the remainder were still undetermined pending toxicological investigations. Conclusion: A history of ingestion, autopsy findings and toxicological results (if available) assisted in identification of these cases, most of which came from lower socio-economic communities. While the number of overall cases is low, it is evident that these deaths are a public health burden, and may be preventable through improved notification and policy development. Challenges with this study involved the inability to distinguish mortality… Advisors/Committee Members: Davies, Bronwen (advisor), Rother, Andrea (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Biomedical Forensic Science

8 more images…

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Patience, M. (2018). Retrospective analysis of suspected pesticide-related fatalities admitted to Salt River Mortuary in the West Metropole of Cape Town, Republic of South Africa. (Thesis). University of Cape Town. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29351

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Patience, Meryl. “Retrospective analysis of suspected pesticide-related fatalities admitted to Salt River Mortuary in the West Metropole of Cape Town, Republic of South Africa.” 2018. Thesis, University of Cape Town. Accessed January 19, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29351.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Patience, Meryl. “Retrospective analysis of suspected pesticide-related fatalities admitted to Salt River Mortuary in the West Metropole of Cape Town, Republic of South Africa.” 2018. Web. 19 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Patience M. Retrospective analysis of suspected pesticide-related fatalities admitted to Salt River Mortuary in the West Metropole of Cape Town, Republic of South Africa. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Cape Town; 2018. [cited 2021 Jan 19]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29351.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Patience M. Retrospective analysis of suspected pesticide-related fatalities admitted to Salt River Mortuary in the West Metropole of Cape Town, Republic of South Africa. [Thesis]. University of Cape Town; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29351

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Cape Town

15. Mole, Calvin Gerald. Investigation of wound characteristics and the force associated with skull fracture due to impact by a hammer.

Degree: Image, Division of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, 2014, University of Cape Town

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13920

► Death due to cranial blunt force trauma is a major issue not just in South Africa but worldwide. The vast majority of studies conducted on… (more)

▼ Death due to cranial blunt force trauma is a major issue not just in South Africa but worldwide. The vast majority of studies conducted on cranial blunt force trauma have analysed trauma to the frontal portion of the head. This is due to the involvement of the frontal portion of the head in automotive accidents. The lateral portion of the head is however no less important and is often impacted during homicidal assault. In cases involving cranial blunt force trauma, a common question asked of experts relates to the amount of force involved with a particular trauma. The goal of forensic science in general is to provide objective, repeatable results. At present, however, answering this question relies on a subjective rating scale of mild, moderate or severe force. Determining the severity of the force is also subjective, in that it relies heavily on the experience of the expert. Forensic anthropology by its nature is often subjective; however there is a need to move away from conducting analyses based predominantly on the experience of the investigator. With this in mind, this dissertation offers background information on fracture mechanics and impact biomechanics and provides a current review of the literature surrounding lateral impact to the skull. The research conducted as part of this dissertation attempts to quantify the force and energy involved with lateral impact to the skull due to a blow by a hammer, as well as describes the wound morphology associated with such impacts. Human tissue for experimentation is becoming increasingly difficult to acquire. There is therefore a need to determine suitable models for use in such testing. In the current study whole porcine heads were impacted on the fronto-parietal portion of the cranium. Half of the specimens were impacted with an implement resembling the shape and weight of a hammer. These hammer tests were conducted primarily to determine the type of trauma associated with such impacts and determine if a correlation exists between velocity or energy of impact and the level of trauma sustained. The remaining specimens were impacted with a Hopkinson pressure bar of the same diameter as the striker in the hammer tests. The Hopkinson pressure bar apparatus allows for the determination of the force of impact. The use of the Hopkinson pressure bar to determine fracture forces in whole specimens is novel. The fracture forces obtained in the current study agree considerably with the literature previously published on lateral, cranial blunt force trauma to both human and porcine specimens. The fractures produced, however, are atypical and may indicate a need to conduct further tests on other animal models. Advisors/Committee Members: Heyns, M (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Biomedical Forensic Science

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Mole, C. G. (2014). Investigation of wound characteristics and the force associated with skull fracture due to impact by a hammer. (Thesis). University of Cape Town. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13920

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Mole, Calvin Gerald. “Investigation of wound characteristics and the force associated with skull fracture due to impact by a hammer.” 2014. Thesis, University of Cape Town. Accessed January 19, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13920.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Mole, Calvin Gerald. “Investigation of wound characteristics and the force associated with skull fracture due to impact by a hammer.” 2014. Web. 19 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Mole CG. Investigation of wound characteristics and the force associated with skull fracture due to impact by a hammer. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Cape Town; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 19]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13920.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Mole CG. Investigation of wound characteristics and the force associated with skull fracture due to impact by a hammer. [Thesis]. University of Cape Town; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13920

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Cape Town

16. Tawha, Tafadzwa Primrose Rudo. Assessing the accuracy of the zygoma for estimating ancestry using geometric morphometrics in a South African sample.

Degree: MPhil, Pathology, 2019, University of Cape Town

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31282

► The large number of unidentified, decomposed and skeletonised remains found in South Africa (SA) necessitates relevant and reliable methods to assist in victim identification. Ancestry… (more)

▼ The large number of unidentified, decomposed and skeletonised remains found in South Africa (SA) necessitates relevant and reliable methods to assist in victim identification. Ancestry estimation from unknown skeletal remains is essential when reconstructing a demographic profile of a missing person. In the SA population, estimating ancestry is problematic as standards developed internationally rarely apply to the local, biologically heterogenous population. Craniofacial morphology is known to be ancestrally distinct and studies are yet to explore shape and size variation in the zygomatic bone of the SA population. The aim of this study was to assess ancestral variation in zygomatic shape and size in a SA population using three-dimensional geometric morphometric analyses. A sample of 158 individuals were analysed from Bantu-speaking (BA), European (EA) and Mixed Ancestral (MA) South African groups. Males were larger in size than females, but no size differences were observed between ancestral groups. Significant shape differences were observed between ancestral groups, while none were observed between males and females. BA and MA individuals had narrower, shorter and more anteriorly projecting zygomas than EA individuals. The zygoma was shown to accurately distinguish EA (84%) from BA (81%), and MA (80%) from EA (68%) individuals, but unreliably distinguished BA (60%) from MA (66%) individuals. This is likely correlated to the historical peopling of SA and historical forced racial classification. Age-related changes and antemortem tooth loss did not confound the ancestral variation in size, despite minor changes in zygomatic shape being associated with these two factors. These confounders did not impact ancestry estimation accuracies, further suggesting a minor impact on overall zygomatic shape. Furthermore, the patterning of ancestral variation in the zygoma revealed the need for further research to distinguish between the biologically heterogenous ancestral groups in SA. Advisors/Committee Members: Gibbon, Victoria E (advisor), Dinkele, Elizabeth (advisor), Mole, Calvin (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Biomedical Forensic Science

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APA (6^th Edition):

Tawha, T. P. R. (2019). Assessing the accuracy of the zygoma for estimating ancestry using geometric morphometrics in a South African sample. (Thesis). University of Cape Town. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31282

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Tawha, Tafadzwa Primrose Rudo. “Assessing the accuracy of the zygoma for estimating ancestry using geometric morphometrics in a South African sample.” 2019. Thesis, University of Cape Town. Accessed January 19, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31282.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Tawha, Tafadzwa Primrose Rudo. “Assessing the accuracy of the zygoma for estimating ancestry using geometric morphometrics in a South African sample.” 2019. Web. 19 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Tawha TPR. Assessing the accuracy of the zygoma for estimating ancestry using geometric morphometrics in a South African sample. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Cape Town; 2019. [cited 2021 Jan 19]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31282.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Tawha TPR. Assessing the accuracy of the zygoma for estimating ancestry using geometric morphometrics in a South African sample. [Thesis]. University of Cape Town; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31282

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Cape Town

17. Ishimirwe, Elyse Sandrine. The contribution of respiratory pathogens to Sudden Unexpected Death in Infancy.

Degree: Image, Division of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, 2016, University of Cape Town

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20917

► Background: Sudden unexpected death in infancy (SUDI) is among the most frequent causes of mortality in infants less than one year of age. Respiratory infections… (more)

▼ Background: Sudden unexpected death in infancy (SUDI) is among the most frequent causes of mortality in infants less than one year of age. Respiratory infections have been identified as the most frequent cause of death in these infants. Yet, the broad range of respiratory pathogen that might be involved in SUDI is poorly studied. This study aimed to investigate the incidence of the respiratory pathogens in SUDI. Methods: A prospective study was carried out on SUDI cases admitted to Salt River Forensic Pathology Laboratory from February 2015 through May 2015. Cerebrospinal fluid, pericardial fluid and lung biopsy were collected from each study participant during post-mortem examination. Total nucleic acids were extracted on the automated QIAsymphony platform. The microbial diversity was investigated using a commercialized multiplex real-time PCR assay, the "FTD Respiratory pathogens 33" kit. This assay is able to detect 21 viruses, 11 bacteria and one fungus. In each real-time PCR run, a positive and non-template sterile water were included as controls. Results: Thirty SUDI cases (median age, 3 (interquartile range (IQR): 2 - 8 months) were included in the study. Twenty participants were males. Positive microbiological results from at least one of the three samples were obtained in 28 cases (93%). According to the type of sample, respiratory pathogens were detected in almost all the lung biopsies (93%), while it was only detected in 60% and 50% of the cerebrospinal and the pericardial fluids, respectively. The median cycle threshold value was lower in lung biopsies (30 (IQR: 28 ‒ 35)) compared to both cerebrospinal (34 (IQR: 30 ‒ 36)) and pericardial fluids (35 (IQR: 33 ‒ 35)) (p= 0.039). In lung biopsies, the most commonly detected bacteria were K. pneumoniae (47%, 14/30) and M. catarrhalis (20%, 6/30). H. influenza (7%, 2/30) and M. pneumoniae (7%, 2/30) were the bacteria often detected in pericardial fluid and cerebrospinal fluid, respectively. Human Metapneumovirus was the most frequently virus detected in all three sample types assessed, accounting for 33% (10/30) in cerebrospinal fluid, 37% (11 /30) in pericardial fluid and 57% (17/30) in lung biopsy samples, respectively. A single type of pathogen was detected n seven of the 28 positive cases. Conclusion: This study highlights the potential implication of respiratory infection in SUDI and it reports one of the highest incidences of respiratory pathogens in SUDI cases. In addition, it is the first to report the high incidence rate of Human Metapneumovirus in SUDI cases. The findings also showed that the majority of SUDI cases are associated with synergetic interaction of multiple respiratory infections. However, data related to histopathology and bacterial culture were not available. A broad range of respiratory pathogens should be included in the routine investigation of SUDI cases with more sensitive diagnostic methods. Advisors/Committee Members: Kaba, Mamadou (advisor), Heyns, Marise (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Biomedical Forensic Science

Record Details Similar Records Cite « Share

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Ishimirwe, E. S. (2016). The contribution of respiratory pathogens to Sudden Unexpected Death in Infancy. (Thesis). University of Cape Town. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20917

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Ishimirwe, Elyse Sandrine. “The contribution of respiratory pathogens to Sudden Unexpected Death in Infancy.” 2016. Thesis, University of Cape Town. Accessed January 19, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20917.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Ishimirwe, Elyse Sandrine. “The contribution of respiratory pathogens to Sudden Unexpected Death in Infancy.” 2016. Web. 19 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Ishimirwe ES. The contribution of respiratory pathogens to Sudden Unexpected Death in Infancy. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Cape Town; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 19]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20917.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Ishimirwe ES. The contribution of respiratory pathogens to Sudden Unexpected Death in Infancy. [Thesis]. University of Cape Town; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20917

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Cape Town

18. Burgers, Peter. An investigation into the use of a commonly available fabric dye as a routine stain for tissue samples to be used as a first line, low cost, diagnostic adjunct for the diagnosis of anaphylactic death at autopsy, in a resource-challenged environment.

Degree: Image, Division of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, 2016, University of Cape Town

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20289

► A retrospective study of deaths attributable to anaphylaxis at the Salt River Forensic Pathology Laboratory was undertaken, with a view to determine if eosinophilia was… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Biomedical Forensic Science

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Burgers, P. (2016). An investigation into the use of a commonly available fabric dye as a routine stain for tissue samples to be used as a first line, low cost, diagnostic adjunct for the diagnosis of anaphylactic death at autopsy, in a resource-challenged environment. (Thesis). University of Cape Town. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20289

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Burgers, Peter. “An investigation into the use of a commonly available fabric dye as a routine stain for tissue samples to be used as a first line, low cost, diagnostic adjunct for the diagnosis of anaphylactic death at autopsy, in a resource-challenged environment.” 2016. Thesis, University of Cape Town. Accessed January 19, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20289.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Burgers, Peter. “An investigation into the use of a commonly available fabric dye as a routine stain for tissue samples to be used as a first line, low cost, diagnostic adjunct for the diagnosis of anaphylactic death at autopsy, in a resource-challenged environment.” 2016. Web. 19 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Burgers P. An investigation into the use of a commonly available fabric dye as a routine stain for tissue samples to be used as a first line, low cost, diagnostic adjunct for the diagnosis of anaphylactic death at autopsy, in a resource-challenged environment. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Cape Town; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 19]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20289.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Burgers P. An investigation into the use of a commonly available fabric dye as a routine stain for tissue samples to be used as a first line, low cost, diagnostic adjunct for the diagnosis of anaphylactic death at autopsy, in a resource-challenged environment. [Thesis]. University of Cape Town; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20289

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Cape Town

19. Johnston, Jenna. Development of a method for the screening and quantification of methamphetamine, and its major metabolite amphetamine, in hair using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

Degree: Image, Division of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, 2015, University of Cape Town

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13784

► Hair has, over recent years, become widely recognised as an alternate or complementary matrix to blood and urine for drug analysis. Hair analysis offers a… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Biomedical Forensic Science

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Johnston, J. (2015). Development of a method for the screening and quantification of methamphetamine, and its major metabolite amphetamine, in hair using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. (Thesis). University of Cape Town. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13784

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Johnston, Jenna. “Development of a method for the screening and quantification of methamphetamine, and its major metabolite amphetamine, in hair using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.” 2015. Thesis, University of Cape Town. Accessed January 19, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13784.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Johnston, Jenna. “Development of a method for the screening and quantification of methamphetamine, and its major metabolite amphetamine, in hair using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.” 2015. Web. 19 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Johnston J. Development of a method for the screening and quantification of methamphetamine, and its major metabolite amphetamine, in hair using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Cape Town; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 19]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13784.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Johnston J. Development of a method for the screening and quantification of methamphetamine, and its major metabolite amphetamine, in hair using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. [Thesis]. University of Cape Town; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13784

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Cape Town

20. Sanyanga, Taremekedzwa. Entomological examination of the relationship between ante-mortem and post-mortem amitriptyline concentrations in insects.

Degree: Image, Division of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, 2016, University of Cape Town

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/21372

► When the death of an individual has occurred, the body of the deceased is not always discovered immediately and at times the body may be… (more)

▼ When the death of an individual has occurred, the body of the deceased is not always discovered immediately and at times the body may be discovered after a long period of time. The consequence of discovering a body after a long period of time is that the body maybe found severely decomposed or skeletonized. As a result no viable blood, urine or tissue samples may exist that can be collected and utilized in toxicological analyses. Entomotoxicology offers a supplementary method to detect and analyse the presence of drugs post-mortem, especially in cases where viable toxicological specimens such as human tissue cannot be obtained. In South Africa and globally, standardised methodology is required to perform entomological examinations accurately, however due to the large variation of experimental set-up no such standardised methods yet exist. The main aim of the research was to analyse the effect of Amitriptyline on the development and growth rate of forensically important blow flies, and to investigate the potential in using blow fly larvae of the Western Cape, South Africa in forensic entomotoxicological analyses and future implementation. To achieve this blow fly species C. chloropyga and L. sericata were reared on homogenised pig liver containing 1000 mg/kg Amitriptyline until emergence of imago. The duration of time taken by the blow fly larvae species to reach 1 st , 2 nd , 3 rd , pupae and imago growth stages in the presence and absence of Amitriptyline was noted. The presence of drugs in larvae was investigated using high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled with dual mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS-MS). Amitriptyline was detected in all experimental larvae samples and was found to delay pupation by at least 26 hours and imago emergence by at least 72 hours. Amitriptyline however showed no distinct effect on C. chloropyga length and mass but was associated with a smaller length and mass in L. sericata compared to controls. Results indicate that entomotoxicology can be of use for qualitative analysis for the presence of Amitriptyline in forensic cases. Results also highlight the unpredictability of research using biological specimens. Advisors/Committee Members: Heyns, Marise (advisor), Mole, Calvin Gerald (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Biomedical Forensic Science

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Sanyanga, T. (2016). Entomological examination of the relationship between ante-mortem and post-mortem amitriptyline concentrations in insects. (Thesis). University of Cape Town. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11427/21372

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Sanyanga, Taremekedzwa. “Entomological examination of the relationship between ante-mortem and post-mortem amitriptyline concentrations in insects.” 2016. Thesis, University of Cape Town. Accessed January 19, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/21372.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Sanyanga, Taremekedzwa. “Entomological examination of the relationship between ante-mortem and post-mortem amitriptyline concentrations in insects.” 2016. Web. 19 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Sanyanga T. Entomological examination of the relationship between ante-mortem and post-mortem amitriptyline concentrations in insects. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Cape Town; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 19]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/21372.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Sanyanga T. Entomological examination of the relationship between ante-mortem and post-mortem amitriptyline concentrations in insects. [Thesis]. University of Cape Town; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/21372

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Cape Town

21. Clark, Courtnee. Patterns of death due to blunt force trauma in the West Metropole of the City of Cape Town, South Africa.

Degree: Image, Division of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, 2015, University of Cape Town

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/16521

► There is currently a paucity of information regarding the prevalence and characteristics associated with blunt force trauma related homicides in South Africa. Information relating to… (more)

▼ There is currently a paucity of information regarding the prevalence and characteristics associated with blunt force trauma related homicides in South Africa. Information relating to the patterns of blunt force trauma could assist in the implementation of appropriate interventions targeted at specific areas or individuals. Furthermore, it can direct research toward topics in blunt force trauma which are in need of investigation. As such the primary objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of blunt force trauma related homicides in the West Metropole of the City of Cape Town, South Africa. The secondary objective was to describe the characteristics associated with blunt force trauma related homicides in the West Metropole of the City of Cape Town, South Africa. This thesis begins by defining blunt force wounds and comparing and contrasting the prevalence and documented characteristics associated with blunt force trauma nationally as well as internationally. Blunt force wounds occur when the body comes into contact with a blunt object at great force. Homicides by blunt force trauma are usually the result of assaults with fists, feet, bats or clubs, etc. Common wounds associated with blunt force assaults are contusions, lacerations and in some cases, bone fractures. In fatal blunt force assaults, these wounds tend to be located primarily on the head region. Salt River Mortuary receives cases from the West Metropole of the City of Cape Town, hence the results of this thesis are considered in the context of this area. This region is comprised of areas with diverse socio-economic status' and heterogeneous crime rates. The study was a retrospective review of autopsy reports obtained from Salt River mortuary from 1 January 2013 to 31 December 2014. The prevalence of blunt force trauma was considered for unnatural deaths with a focus on homicide. The inclusion criteria were cases where the cause of death was blunt force trauma as determined by the pathologist. Cases in which the death was not caused solely by blunt force trauma were classified as combination deaths, and cases involving deaths due to blunt force trauma as a result of falling from a height, train-related, pedestrian or motor vehicle accidents were excluded. A total of 3346 and 3461 cases of unnatural deaths occurred in the West Metropole of the City of Cape Town in 2013 and 2014 respectively. 247 (7.4%) cases in 2013 and 277 (8%) cases in 2014 involved blunt force injuries, and of these cases 183 (5.5%) in 201 3 and 201 (5.8%) in 2014 were classified as homicides. The results of the characteristics of blunt force homicide analysed in this study broadly concur with previous studies undertaken in South Africa, with some areas of divergence. Additional features that have not been extensively covered in previous studies also emerged, which could possibly form the basis for future investigations. Advisors/Committee Members: Mole, Calvin Gerald (advisor), Heyns, Marise (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Biomedical Forensic Science

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Clark, C. (2015). Patterns of death due to blunt force trauma in the West Metropole of the City of Cape Town, South Africa. (Thesis). University of Cape Town. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11427/16521

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Clark, Courtnee. “Patterns of death due to blunt force trauma in the West Metropole of the City of Cape Town, South Africa.” 2015. Thesis, University of Cape Town. Accessed January 19, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/16521.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Clark, Courtnee. “Patterns of death due to blunt force trauma in the West Metropole of the City of Cape Town, South Africa.” 2015. Web. 19 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Clark C. Patterns of death due to blunt force trauma in the West Metropole of the City of Cape Town, South Africa. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Cape Town; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 19]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/16521.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Clark C. Patterns of death due to blunt force trauma in the West Metropole of the City of Cape Town, South Africa. [Thesis]. University of Cape Town; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/16521

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Cape Town

22. Musiyandaka, Fungisai Lorraine. Assessment of the suitability of blood samples collected for toxicological analysis for subsequent genetic analysis: A follow-up study one year later.

Degree: MPhil, Pathology, 2018, University of Cape Town

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/30930

► Drug usage, both of a recreational or pharmaceutical nature, is common, however the abuse of such substances is an international problem. In the Western cape,… (more)

▼ Drug usage, both of a recreational or pharmaceutical nature, is common, however the abuse of such substances is an international problem. In the Western cape, South Africa, the burden of drug-related fatalities is high compared to the rest of the country. The provincial Forensic Pathology Service may encounter cases where drug-related fatalities are unclear whether death was accidental or suicidal, or drug toxicity is inconsistent with the medical/social history. This may be due to genetic alterations with drug metabolism and it has been suggested that genetic analyses may be the next step in these cases. However, toxicology results from the National Forensic Chemistry Laboratory in the Western Cape may be delayed by months to years, meaning that upon interpretation of toxicology results, there is no chance to obtain another blood sample from the deceased individual for genetic analysis. It was therefore important to determine the suitability of blood samples collected and handled in toxicology environments for subsequent genetic tests. Previously, blood samples from 30 post-mortem cases were collected into two red-top (no additives), two grey-top (sodium fluoride/potassium oxalate) and one purple-top (EDTA) tubes. Samples from one red-top and one grey-top tube underwent toxicological analysis, followed by DNA analysis, while the remaining tubes (controls) underwent DNA analysis immediately. All samples were then stored for approximately one year, prior to this study. The DNA analysis was repeated on all blood samples (n = 150) and results were assessed in terms of storage time and tube type. DNA was not significantly degraded in any of the samples; however, DNA from red-top tubes had significantly lower concentrations compared to that from grey-top tubes (p < 0.001), regardless of whether the sample had undergone toxicological analysis. The very low yields of DNA from red-top tubes posed substantial challenges for PCR-based analysis, resulting in poor quality Sanger sequencing results. Some DNA from grey-top tubes, passed the quality assessments and hence further work is required to provide an informed decision on which tube type is better suited for genetic analyses. Advisors/Committee Members: Heathfield, Laura (advisor), Davies, Bronwen (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Biomedical Forensic Science

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Musiyandaka, F. L. (2018). Assessment of the suitability of blood samples collected for toxicological analysis for subsequent genetic analysis: A follow-up study one year later. (Thesis). University of Cape Town. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11427/30930

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Musiyandaka, Fungisai Lorraine. “Assessment of the suitability of blood samples collected for toxicological analysis for subsequent genetic analysis: A follow-up study one year later.” 2018. Thesis, University of Cape Town. Accessed January 19, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/30930.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Musiyandaka, Fungisai Lorraine. “Assessment of the suitability of blood samples collected for toxicological analysis for subsequent genetic analysis: A follow-up study one year later.” 2018. Web. 19 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Musiyandaka FL. Assessment of the suitability of blood samples collected for toxicological analysis for subsequent genetic analysis: A follow-up study one year later. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Cape Town; 2018. [cited 2021 Jan 19]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/30930.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Musiyandaka FL. Assessment of the suitability of blood samples collected for toxicological analysis for subsequent genetic analysis: A follow-up study one year later. [Thesis]. University of Cape Town; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/30930

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Cape Town

23. Shongwe, Nondumiso Khetsiwe Ntombi. Toxicological Findings in Fatal Road Traffic Accidents in Cape Town: A Pilot Study.

Degree: MPhil, Division of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, 2019, University of Cape Town

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31238

► Introduction: Road traffic accidents (RTAs) and associated morbidity and mortality are a global public health burden. Literature reports on an association between drugs and/or alcohol… (more)

▼ Introduction: Road traffic accidents (RTAs) and associated morbidity and mortality are a global public health burden. Literature reports on an association between drugs and/or alcohol intoxication and traffic collisions. In South Africa (SA), where drug use and abuse are prevalent, annual RTAs rates are higher than the average global burden. Toxicological analyses in cases of RTA fatalities are not performed routinely in SA (apart from alcohol analysis), thus understanding the burden of other drug impairment on road traffic deaths is limited. Aim: A prospective toxicological analysis was performed in a cohort of road traffic fatality cases (drivers, passengers, pedestrians, motorcyclists and cyclists) from Salt River Mortuary in Cape Town, SA. The objectives were to perform drug screening in these cases to preliminary investigate detected substances as well as to evaluate the demographics and circumstances of death of the aforementioned cases. Methods: A systematic review was first performed to investigate the prevalence of drugs in internationally reported RTA fatalities. For the prospective study, post-mortem specimens including blood, vitreous humor, urine and bile were collected from cases in which next-of-kin consent was obtained. All samples were analysed using liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of -flight mass spectrometry (LC/QTOF-MS). Results: Thirty cases were analysed over 3 months, of which most were male, pedestrians and between the age group of 31-40 years. The most prevalent cause of death was multiple blunt force injuries to the body. Single vehicle crashes were predominant particularly among the pedestrians and motorcyclists whereas drivers were mostly involved in multiple vehicle crashes. Substances (other than ethanol) were detected in 90% (n=27) of the cases. A broad range of drug groups were detected, and the most prevalent specific legal substances were caffeine (66.7%) and nicotinamide (53.3%) and illegal substances were methaqualone (10.0%) and methamphetamine (6.67%). Multiple cases indicated the detection of impairing substances even if consumed therapeutically, such as codeine, chlorpheniramine, diphenhydramine and zopiclone. Discussion: This study was the first to the author’s knowledge to report on prospective toxicological findings in road traffic accident cases in Cape Town. Although this was a pilot study, the results were in line with findings from other international studies, together with findings of prominent abused drugs within Western Cape (e.g. methaqualone and methamphetamine). While this study made no inferences of drug intoxication to cause of death, it has set a basis for future research in this topic and the development of a standardised protocol for the routine analyses of such cases in SA. Advisors/Committee Members: Davies, Bronwen (advisor), Auckloo, Kathrina (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Biomedical Forensic Science

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Shongwe, N. K. N. (2019). Toxicological Findings in Fatal Road Traffic Accidents in Cape Town: A Pilot Study. (Thesis). University of Cape Town. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31238

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Shongwe, Nondumiso Khetsiwe Ntombi. “Toxicological Findings in Fatal Road Traffic Accidents in Cape Town: A Pilot Study.” 2019. Thesis, University of Cape Town. Accessed January 19, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31238.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Shongwe, Nondumiso Khetsiwe Ntombi. “Toxicological Findings in Fatal Road Traffic Accidents in Cape Town: A Pilot Study.” 2019. Web. 19 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Shongwe NKN. Toxicological Findings in Fatal Road Traffic Accidents in Cape Town: A Pilot Study. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Cape Town; 2019. [cited 2021 Jan 19]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31238.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Shongwe NKN. Toxicological Findings in Fatal Road Traffic Accidents in Cape Town: A Pilot Study. [Thesis]. University of Cape Town; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31238

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Cape Town

24. Louw, Ané. Post-mortem toxicological investigations in a paediatric population.

Degree: MPhil, Division of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, 2020, University of Cape Town

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32341

► In South Africa, little is known about the presence of drugs in infant cases admitted for post-mortem medico-legal examinations,as toxicological investigations are not routinely performed.… (more)

▼ In South Africa, little is known about the presence of drugs in infant cases admitted for post-mortem medico-legal examinations,as toxicological investigations are not routinely performed. It was hypothesised that drugs would be detected in sudden and unexpected death ofinfant (SUDI) cases admitted to Salt River Mortuary (SRM), as infantsform a vulnerable population. Biological samples (blood, vitreous humour, urine and hair) were collected from 30 infants who were admitted as SUDIcasesto Salt River Mortuary,Cape Town,between 28 May 2019 and 17 October 2019. Samples were screened for at least 750 common drugs using a SCIEX X500R QTOF. Demographic variables, social circumstances and clinical historywere recorded from the medico-legal case folder. Of the 30 SUDI cases, drugs were detected in 25 (83 %) cases, with acetaminophen (61 %) and caffeine (54 %) being most prevalent. Methaqualone (32 %) and methamphetamine (11 %),two commonly abused drugs in the Western Cape,werealsoidentified, with the former only present in hair. There were significantly more drugs detected in hair samples compared to the other samples (p < 0.0001). Therefore, while challenging in its interpretation, hair analyses provideda wealth of information concerningpossiblelonger-termdrug exposure in infants.This was particularly valuable inrevealingmethaqualoneexposure, which may have otherwise gone undetected, and which may indicate an environment of neglect. While the cause of death in most cases was natural (infectious causes) (63 %), next-of-kin seldom declared that their infant exhibited symptoms of illness orthat medication was administeredprior to death. Therefore, theresults of this study illustrate the valueof toxicological testing in SUDIcases at SRM, as well as the need to analyse multiple samples. This study provides empirical data to motivate for the SUDI investigation protocolatSRM toinclude routine toxicological analysis. This is anticipated toadd value to the medico-legal investigation as well as add social value to the lives of siblings who may also be at risk for neglect. Advisors/Committee Members: Davies, Bronwen B (advisor), Heathfield, Laura J (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Biomedical Forensic Science

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APA (6^th Edition):

Louw, A. (2020). Post-mortem toxicological investigations in a paediatric population. (Thesis). University of Cape Town. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32341

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Louw, Ané. “Post-mortem toxicological investigations in a paediatric population.” 2020. Thesis, University of Cape Town. Accessed January 19, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32341.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Louw, Ané. “Post-mortem toxicological investigations in a paediatric population.” 2020. Web. 19 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Louw A. Post-mortem toxicological investigations in a paediatric population. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Cape Town; 2020. [cited 2021 Jan 19]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32341.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Louw A. Post-mortem toxicological investigations in a paediatric population. [Thesis]. University of Cape Town; 2020. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32341

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Cape Town

25. Schwab, Petra. The importance of a protocol in the recovery and handling of burned human remains in a forensic context.

Degree: Image, Division of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, 2016, University of Cape Town

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20514

► Fire-related fatalities pose many investigative challenges, in part due to their fragility. This can be managed with the creation of protocols, specific to the environment… (more)

▼ Fire-related fatalities pose many investigative challenges, in part due to their fragility. This can be managed with the creation of protocols, specific to the environment in which they are implemented. Currently, no protocol for the recovery and handling of fire-related fatalities exists in Cape Town, South Africa. Additionally, the challenges, risk factors, and resources present at forensic scenes in the area have not been documented. From April to December of 2015, fire-related death scenes were attended with Salt River Forensic Pathology Laboratory, which serves the West Metropole of Cape Town. Details of the fatal fire scenes were noted, including the challenges faced, and the settings in which the fires occurred. Emphasis was placed on methodologies used to recover, handle, and transport remains, and the availability and utilisation of resources. The affect these methodologies had on the condition of the remains between scene and autopsy was assessed. In total 32 fire-related death scenes were attended, with 48 decedents recovered. Males predominated (64.6%), and the majority were young adults (75%). Accidental deaths were most prevalent (79.2%), however a fire-related suicide and homicides highlighted the importance of thorough investigation. Informal housing constituted 68.8% of the fatal fire scenes and presented unique scene constraints, including no direct road access at 50% of these scenes. Investigative limitations included: inadequate interagency communication, resulting in a lack of collateral information available at autopsy; deficient scene and contextual documentation; non-standardised recovery methodologies; insufficient availability and utilisation of resources (including safety equipment); and no specialised personnel (e.g. forensic pathologists/ anthropologists) conducting scene recovery. The majority of cases (60.4%) were further fragmented or fractured by time of autopsy, illustrating the necessity for improvement of current methodologies and the importance of the involvement of forensic anthropologists in recovery of fragmentary remains. Advisors/Committee Members: Friedling, Louise J (advisor), Maistry, Sairita (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Biomedical Forensic Science

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Schwab, P. (2016). The importance of a protocol in the recovery and handling of burned human remains in a forensic context. (Thesis). University of Cape Town. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20514

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Schwab, Petra. “The importance of a protocol in the recovery and handling of burned human remains in a forensic context.” 2016. Thesis, University of Cape Town. Accessed January 19, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20514.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Schwab, Petra. “The importance of a protocol in the recovery and handling of burned human remains in a forensic context.” 2016. Web. 19 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Schwab P. The importance of a protocol in the recovery and handling of burned human remains in a forensic context. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Cape Town; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 19]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20514.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Schwab P. The importance of a protocol in the recovery and handling of burned human remains in a forensic context. [Thesis]. University of Cape Town; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20514

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

26. Wichers, Ansie. Firearm fatalities examined at Salt River Medico-Legal Laboratory in 2009 and their investigative outcome by 2014.

Degree: Image, Division of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, 2016, University of Cape Town

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/21373

► South Africa has a very long history of gun violence, particularly politically motivated. The politically motivated gun violence did subside after 1994, however there was… (more)

▼ South Africa has a very long history of gun violence, particularly politically motivated. The politically motivated gun violence did subside after 1994, however there was an increase in criminal gun violence. In 2004 Dr Liebenberg from the University of Cape Town conducted a study on the victimology and investigative outcomes of firearm deaths of 1999 in the Salt River Medico - Legal Laboratory drainage area. There were some compelling results, including a remarkably low conviction rate of 7.21%. In 2000 new legislation was enacted, which is the Firearms Control Act (1) of 2000 and from 2001 to 2005 there was a 13.6% decrease in firearm homicides which was consistent after the introduction of the new act, likely due to the decrease in the number of firearms in circulation. Because of the changes in firearm legislation and reported crime rates, it was decided to conduct a follow - up study one decade later, looking at the investigative outcomes of firearm deaths to see whether the decreased contribution of firearms in homicides and crime made an impact on the investigative and judicial process of the Salt River Medico - Legal Laboratory cases. In 2009 there were 281 firearm deaths investigated at Salt River Medico - Legal Laboratory as opposed to 532 in 1999. In 1999, 89.29% of firearm deaths were due to homicide as opposed to 86.12% in 2009. In 1999 the majority of firearm homicide victims were Black and Coloured males between the ages of 21 and 30 years, this is similar to what is seen in 2009, however there were fewer Coloured victims in 2009. In both years homicides occurred more often on weekends, at night time. In 1999 there were peaks in May and then from October through to December. In 2009 however, the peaks were in March, May and August. One might thin k that with such a large decrease in the number of firearm deaths (not considering other crime trends), the criminal justice system might have fewer cases to investigate and prosecute and that the investigative outcomes (particularly conviction rate) of th ese cases might improve. Even though there was a significant drop in the number of firearm deaths in 2009, there has been no improvement in the conviction rate, with 2009 having a rate of 5.69%. The number of cases still being investigated was also similar at 104 cases (37.01%) for 2009 versus 182 cases (34.54%) for 1999. In 2009 only 58 (20.64%) cases completed the judicial process by 2014, which includes the 16 cases (5.69%) that ended in a guilty verdict, 18 (6.41%) cases where a suspect was acquitted (not guilty) and also 24 (8.54%) cases that were withdrawn in court. Of the 281 cases for 2009, 10 (3.56%) were still in court, which was significantly less than the 59 (11.20%) cases in 1999. From 2009 there were 87 cases that reached an impasse (30.96%) by 2014, as opposed to the 114 (21.63%) cases from 1999 by 2004, which is a statistically significant difference. Advisors/Committee Members: Liebenberg, Linda (advisor), Heyns, Marise (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Biomedical Forensic Science

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Wichers, A. (2016). Firearm fatalities examined at Salt River Medico-Legal Laboratory in 2009 and their investigative outcome by 2014. (Thesis). University of Cape Town. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11427/21373

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Wichers, Ansie. “Firearm fatalities examined at Salt River Medico-Legal Laboratory in 2009 and their investigative outcome by 2014.” 2016. Thesis, University of Cape Town. Accessed January 19, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/21373.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Wichers, Ansie. “Firearm fatalities examined at Salt River Medico-Legal Laboratory in 2009 and their investigative outcome by 2014.” 2016. Web. 19 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Wichers A. Firearm fatalities examined at Salt River Medico-Legal Laboratory in 2009 and their investigative outcome by 2014. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Cape Town; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 19]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/21373.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Wichers A. Firearm fatalities examined at Salt River Medico-Legal Laboratory in 2009 and their investigative outcome by 2014. [Thesis]. University of Cape Town; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/21373

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

27. Pharo, Gavin. Assessment of 13 Forensic Molecular Markers for skin colour in South Africa.

Degree: MPhil, Division of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, 2018, University of Cape Town

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29463

► Molecular phenotyping is the use of informative genetic variation to estimate appearance. This concept can be applied in a forensic context to predict the appearance… (more)

▼ Molecular phenotyping is the use of informative genetic variation to estimate appearance. This concept can be applied in a forensic context to predict the appearance of suspects or decayed deceased individuals, which would otherwise remain unidentifiable. This concept has importance in a local context, as approximately 300 individuals remain unidentified, after conventional identification techniques, at Salt River Mortuary, every year. Ancestry Informative Markers (AIMs) are genetic variants with DNA which have been commonly associated with pigmentation phenotypes, and thus has value in predicting skin tone, hair colour and eye colour. This research study aimed to design and optimise an assay to genotype 13 AIMs associated with pigmentation, and then demonstrate the value of this assay by applying it to a case example and qualitatively predicting appearance. Primers were designed and PCR assays optimised to amplify each region, followed by Sanger sequencing on a case example. The case was that of an abandoned neonate, with unknown sex and ancestry. A comparison of the obtained genotypes to previous literature was performed to qualitatively estimate the skin tone, eye colour and hair colour of the decedent, which was not only in agreement with the forensic pathologist’s interpretation of sex and ethnicity, but provided richer detail with regards to ancestry, skin tone, eye colour and hair colour. The PCR assays were then further optimised into four multiplex assays with the intention of genotyping these AIMs by two SNaPshot® PCR assays (Applied Biosystems) in a larger control cohort to model the relationship between these AIMs and melanin index more objectively. Unfortunately, the scope of this research project did not allow for the completion of this additional aspect. Overall, these results indicate that these 13 AIMs have potential to predict pigmentation phenotypes of South African individuals. However, genotyping and modelling of the effects of these AIMs should be performed on a large cohort to further strengthen this conclusion. Advisors/Committee Members: Heathfield, Laura (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Biomedical Forensic Science

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APA (6^th Edition):

Pharo, G. (2018). Assessment of 13 Forensic Molecular Markers for skin colour in South Africa. (Thesis). University of Cape Town. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29463

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Pharo, Gavin. “Assessment of 13 Forensic Molecular Markers for skin colour in South Africa.” 2018. Thesis, University of Cape Town. Accessed January 19, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29463.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Pharo, Gavin. “Assessment of 13 Forensic Molecular Markers for skin colour in South Africa.” 2018. Web. 19 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Pharo G. Assessment of 13 Forensic Molecular Markers for skin colour in South Africa. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Cape Town; 2018. [cited 2021 Jan 19]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29463.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Pharo G. Assessment of 13 Forensic Molecular Markers for skin colour in South Africa. [Thesis]. University of Cape Town; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29463

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Cape Town

28. Coetzé, Lisa Jane. Investigation of blunt injuries and the force associated with a skull fracture due to impact with a Hopkinson pressure bar : an animal model.

Degree: Image, Division of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, 2015, University of Cape Town

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15575

► Homicide is one of the leading causes of death in South Africa. Homicides as a result of a firearm, sharp instrument or blunt object, may… (more)

▼ Homicide is one of the leading causes of death in South Africa. Homicides as a result of a firearm, sharp instrument or blunt object, may all potentially inflict severe cranial trauma. Often the lateral aspect of the cranium is fractured in homicidal assaults, however, the focus of head injury biomechanics has been the frontal bone. This is due to automotive-related incidents. Thus it is important for researchers to broaden their knowledge on lateral head impacts. This data could ultimately act as a tool in making cranial bone trauma analysis less subjective in nature. This minor dissertation discusses human cranial bones and explores different types of cranial fractures. It further provides an in depth discussion on the different types of experimental tests and specimens used in biomechanical testing. A current review on the literature surrounding head impacts is also provided. The research conducted for this minor dissertation uses the Cape (Chacma) Baboon as a model to attempt to simulate cranial blunt trauma observed in human bone. Fifteen Cape (Chacma) Baboon head specimens were subjected to a single temporo-parietal impact. These specimens were impacted with an aluminium striker bar that resembles the dimensions of a hammer (length: 23cm, circumference: 40cm and weight: 200g). The aim of these hammer tests were to characterise soft and hard tissue wound morphology as a result of blunt cranial impacts. Resulting data was analysed to determine if a significant correlation existed between impact velocity or energy and the extent of trauma observed. The remaining twelve Cape (Chacma) Baboon specimens were all subjected to a single impact in the temporo-parietal region. These specimens were impacted with a Hopkinson pressure bar, which is manufactured from the same material as the striker bar. The aim of the Hopkinson pressure bar tests was to attempt to determine the force of impact. The use of the Hopkinson pressure bar to determine fracture forces in baboon head specimens is novel. The fracture forces obtained in the current study compare well with literature investigating lateral impacts. Furthermore, the fracture patterns obtained in the current study realistically simulate cranial trauma seen in humans. It would therefore be beneficial to advance research using the baboon model and Hopkinson pressure bar apparatus. Advisors/Committee Members: Heyns, Marise (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Biomedical Forensic Science

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Coetzé, L. J. (2015). Investigation of blunt injuries and the force associated with a skull fracture due to impact with a Hopkinson pressure bar : an animal model. (Thesis). University of Cape Town. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15575

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Coetzé, Lisa Jane. “Investigation of blunt injuries and the force associated with a skull fracture due to impact with a Hopkinson pressure bar : an animal model.” 2015. Thesis, University of Cape Town. Accessed January 19, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15575.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Coetzé, Lisa Jane. “Investigation of blunt injuries and the force associated with a skull fracture due to impact with a Hopkinson pressure bar : an animal model.” 2015. Web. 19 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Coetzé LJ. Investigation of blunt injuries and the force associated with a skull fracture due to impact with a Hopkinson pressure bar : an animal model. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Cape Town; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 19]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15575.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Coetzé LJ. Investigation of blunt injuries and the force associated with a skull fracture due to impact with a Hopkinson pressure bar : an animal model. [Thesis]. University of Cape Town; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15575

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Cape Town

29. Catterson, Sandra Lynne. Complementary and alternate medicines: a forensic analysis of the potential adulteration of over-the-counter anorectics and "lifestyle" medicines in South Africa.

Degree: Image, Division of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, 2017, University of Cape Town

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27059

► Background: Complementary and Alternate Medicines (CAMs) in South Africa are not yet subjected to the same rigorous testing required for allopathic (prescription) medication, yet they… (more)

▼ Background: Complementary and Alternate Medicines (CAMs) in South Africa are not yet subjected to the same rigorous testing required for allopathic (prescription) medication, yet they are freely available as over-the-counter medicines. Past research has shown the presence of a banned drug, sibutramine in natural anorectics and a schedule 6 prescription drug, sildenafil, found in natural erectile dysfunction preparations. Methods: Initially, 26 exhibits (18 erectile dysfunction medicines and 8 anorectics) were screened for active pharmaceutical ingredients using high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. An AB SCIEX 3200 TRAP® linear ion-trap quadrupole mass spectrometer was used to detect and subsequently quantitate these active pharmaceutical ingredients using a targeted multiple reaction monitoring mode. Samples were extracted with 50% v/v methanol in water. A method for the quantitation of sildenafil was subsequently partially validated. The intra- and inter-assay precisions were evaluated and the linearity of the method was investigated in the range of 20 ng/mL to 2000 ng/mL. The method was then successfully applied to a random selection of CAMs. A random sample (n=61) of erectile dysfunction CAMs were selected for quantitation from two different clusters. Cluster 1 comprised of supermarkets and cluster 2 of pharmacies. Results: The validation method for sildenafil showed that the limit of detection was 1.09 ng/mL and the limit of quantitation was 20 ng/mL. The correlation co-efficient and bias were less than 20%. Initial screening of the 26 exhibits indicated that sildenafil was present in 12 of the 18 samples tested and sibutramine in 6 of the 8 anorectics. Of the later 61 exhibits tested, 43 tested positive for sildenafil. The mass of sildenafil per sample ranged from 1.09 ng/mL to 123.7 mg/sample. Conclusion: The lack of label content, regulation and legislation exposes the consumer to the risk of consuming an active pharmaceutical ingredient which may very likely have an adverse effect on their health. There is a need to raise public awareness to the potential dangers of unregulated CAMs, encourage doctors to become more aware of their patients' consumption of CAMs and to motivate the Medicines Control Council to follow through with their deadlines for the regulation of CAMs. Advisors/Committee Members: Davies, Bronwen (advisor), Smith, Peter (advisor), Aukloo, Kathrina Mendoza (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Biomedical Forensic Science

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Catterson, S. L. (2017). Complementary and alternate medicines: a forensic analysis of the potential adulteration of over-the-counter anorectics and "lifestyle" medicines in South Africa. (Thesis). University of Cape Town. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27059

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Catterson, Sandra Lynne. “Complementary and alternate medicines: a forensic analysis of the potential adulteration of over-the-counter anorectics and "lifestyle" medicines in South Africa.” 2017. Thesis, University of Cape Town. Accessed January 19, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27059.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Catterson, Sandra Lynne. “Complementary and alternate medicines: a forensic analysis of the potential adulteration of over-the-counter anorectics and "lifestyle" medicines in South Africa.” 2017. Web. 19 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Catterson SL. Complementary and alternate medicines: a forensic analysis of the potential adulteration of over-the-counter anorectics and "lifestyle" medicines in South Africa. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Cape Town; 2017. [cited 2021 Jan 19]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27059.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Catterson SL. Complementary and alternate medicines: a forensic analysis of the potential adulteration of over-the-counter anorectics and "lifestyle" medicines in South Africa. [Thesis]. University of Cape Town; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27059

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Cape Town

30. Emrith, Toshika Sheshna. Understanding the mechanism of injury associated with long bone fractures through dynamic bending impact.

Degree: MPhil, Pathology, 2019, University of Cape Town

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31392

► Blunt force trauma may result from homicide and assault cases, child abuse and motor vehicle accidents. Such incidents often result in skeletal trauma. Trauma to… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Biomedical Forensic Science

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Emrith, T. S. (2019). Understanding the mechanism of injury associated with long bone fractures through dynamic bending impact. (Thesis). University of Cape Town. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31392

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Emrith, Toshika Sheshna. “Understanding the mechanism of injury associated with long bone fractures through dynamic bending impact.” 2019. Thesis, University of Cape Town. Accessed January 19, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31392.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Emrith, Toshika Sheshna. “Understanding the mechanism of injury associated with long bone fractures through dynamic bending impact.” 2019. Web. 19 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Emrith TS. Understanding the mechanism of injury associated with long bone fractures through dynamic bending impact. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Cape Town; 2019. [cited 2021 Jan 19]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31392.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Emrith TS. Understanding the mechanism of injury associated with long bone fractures through dynamic bending impact. [Thesis]. University of Cape Town; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31392

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

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Open Access Theses and Dissertations