Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:12:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2001 - Rosa Maria Roldan Santa Isabel.pdf: 725603 bytes, checksum: 9f180504ca688bf5c1a11c8f75e719b0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2001-03-15

The current study deals with two proposals, which are being developed in Extractive Reserves in Acre State, aiming its sustainable development. The construction of this kind of alternatives for agro extractivist populations of this region represents a challenge. The main objective is to characterize, analyze and understand the political, economical, cultural and social meanings of the projects: The Forest Handling of the Multiple Usage of the PAE Porto Dias and High Productivity Island Rationalization of the Extraction of Gum in Extractive Areas . The study of these two proposals considers the situation of logging in the Amazon region as well as the social and political context of Acre State, particularly the opportunities arisen after the election of representatives of the popular movements for the State Government. Its analyses can be a step forward in the development of these projects, which aim at the improvement of life conditions for the extractivist workers and for the environment. We believe in the alternative of a new extractivism, defended by the IAPs project, for its characteristics of partnership, which strength the culture of rubber tappers, with a perspective of economical feasibility, recovering devastated areas and respecting forest s biodiversity. The methodology used gave a special importance to fieldwork with interviews and complementary data obtained from those involved direct or indirectly with the project. It also included a revision and analyses of a scarce existent bibliography and reports and evaluations of both.

O presente estudo trata de duas propostas-piloto que est?o sendo desenvolvidas em ?reas de reserva extrativista (RESEX), visando ao seu desenvolvimento sustent?vel. Considera-se que a constru??o desse tipo de alternativa para as popula??es agroextrativistas da regi?o representa um desafio. O objetivo principal foi caracterizar, analisar e compreender os significados pol?ticos, econ?micos, culturais e sociais de dois projetos: Manejo Florestal de Uso M?ltiplo do PAE Porto Dias e Ilhas de Alta Produtividade Racionaliza??o da Extra??o Gum?fera em ?reas Extrativistas . O estudo das duas propostas se faz a partir das an?lises da situa??o da explora??o madeireira na regi?o amaz?nica e do contexto social e pol?tico acreano, em particular o que se abre com a elei??o de representantes do movimento popular para o governo do Estado. Sua an?lise pode ser um passo adiante no desenvolvimento desses projetos, que visam ? melhoria das condi??es de vida dos trabalhadores extrativistas sem esquecer a quest?o ambiental. Acreditamos na alternativa do neoextrativismo, que o projeto IAPs defende, por ter um car?ter participativo, fortalecer a cultura do seringueiro e acenar para uma perspectiva de viabilidade econ?mica, ao mesmo tempo em que…

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Made available in DSpace on 2020-10-21T12:46:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2014 - Fernanda Silva Martinelli.pdf: 4458539 bytes, checksum: 00d336bad1c905e3bd21b846ea30c091 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-10-06

Funda??o de Apoio ? Pesquisa Cient?fica e Tecnnol?gica da UFRRJ, FAPUR, Brasil.

Biofuels are one of the energy source possibilities to reduce GHG and mitigate climate change impacts. In Brazil, palm oil crops, among rapeseeds, have been targeted as the great promise to include family farming in large scale production of biodiesel. Palm oil is produced than any other the most traded oil in the world and, despite the small expression in the world palm oil production, Brazil has followed the global trend and doubled its production area during the period 2001-2009, when the global demand increased and several government incentives for palm oil were created. While Brazilian government predicts major expansion on the next few years, increasing oil palm demand and the land conversion for those crops might lead to habitat loss and might have a large impact on biological diversity. The purpose of this study is therefore to discuss the sustainability of palm oil crops and determine their main impacts of expansion and its relation to natural ecosystems in Amazon. To understand where the land use change impacts are, the historical survey of palm land crops in 5 main producers municipalities in Belem Endemism Center was held using satellite images (Landsat/PRODES) and data of Agricultural Census (IBGE), as also to identify forested and other agricultural areas in the region. Based on our results, the expansion of palm oil in northeastern Par? is recent and has occurred mainly in the municipalities of Moju and Tail?ndia, driven by the arrival of new companies and expansion of the existing ones, especially led by the company Biopalma Vale. Between 1998-2000 palm oil crops have led removal of vegetation, but they are not currently a source of deforestation in the region anymore. However, we highlight some suggestions in order to palm oil does not become again another deforestation pressure on the Amazon rainforest: to invest in environmental regularization of properties lacking CAR, since they were responsible for the highest rates of forest converted into palm oil crops; to strengthen policies designed specifically for palm oil as the palm oil zoning regulation; and to invest in increasing productivity by agricultural technology, which might reduce the need for new lands. Other measures such as certification initiatives (eg RSPO) and large companies tracking of suppliers also have shown themselves important and potentially effective for the reduction of deforestation not only in Brazil but in all other producing countries.

Os biocombust?veis consistem em uma das fontes energ?ticas alternativas com alto potencial de…

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T14:56:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2009 - Tokitika Morokawa.pdf: 5650089 bytes, checksum: a8d1865101e3a9effdd865554b069415 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-05

A model of the growth dynamics of forests was developed applying Bertalanffy growth model (BGM) y=a[(1 e bt)c] for individual trees. Based on linearized relationship with diameter and height equation LnH=b0+LnD and volume equation V=b0Db1Hb2 mutually compatible equations for diameter, basal area, height and volume were generated, adjusting parameters a and c of BGM. Additionally, it was developed a methodology based on DBH measurements in two occasions and the estimate value of parameter a to get the values of parameter c and b of BGM. The data of the inventory of 1,061 trees over 40cm DBH of 67.5 hectares of tropical rain forest of Aquariquara Extractive Reserve, located in State of Rondonia, Brazil, were used to test the developed model. These data were grouped in nine maximum diameter (Dmax) classes. The tree survival was estimated based on the frequency of trees by relative age class. The input and output of each tree was adjusted considering a closed and stable population with replacement of a dead tree by the ingrowth of the same specie of tree with 40cm DBH. Applying the model to such data and simulating the growth dynamics of the forest in a time frame of 1500 years (T1 ? 1,500), the difference of simulated annual average, in relation to the observed values in the year T0 of the forest inventory was -2.09% in age, -0.33% in height, -0.96% in diameter, -3.41% in basal area, -3.81% in volume and +1.81% in merchantable trees value. The average values of T1?500, T501?1000 and T1001?1500 periods were equal for all variables by Kruskal-Wallis test (p=0.05). The simulation showed that one hectare of this forest maintains a total stock composed of 15.72 120-year-old trees, accumulated 4.35m2 of basal area and 37.98m3 wood volumes on average. The annual input flow of the system was 0.3457 88-year-old trees which accumulated 0.0441m2 of basal area and volume of 0.3265m3. The output of the system consists of 0.3459 132-year-old trees totaling 0,1127m2 of basal area and 0.9911m3 in volume. The annual input and output rates were, respectively, 2.20 and 2.20% in number of trees, 1.01 and 2.59% in basal area and 0.86 and 2.61% in volume. In addition, the simulation indicated that it is possible to sustain an average annual production of 0.5528m3 of merchantable timber generating R5.50 (about US1.49) annual income per hectare of forest. The simulation showed that the model developed describes growth dynamics of tropical forest. However, it needs to be properly adjusted based on real growth of each individual tree and flows of input and output of trees in the system.

Nesta tese foi desenvolvida a modelagem da din?mica de crescimento de uma floresta, aplicando-se o modelo de crescimento de Bertalanffy (MCB) y=a[(1 e bt)c] para ?rvores individuais. Baseando-se nas rela??es linearizadas entre o di?metro e altura da…

Os parasitos s?o reconhecidos pela sua grande capacidade de influenciar a evolu??o e ecologia de seus hospedeiros, tanto ao n?vel de indiv?duo quanto de comunidade. Entretanto, no Brasil, um dos pa?ses com a maior biodiversidade do planeta, estudos sobre parasitismo em popula??es silvestres ainda s?o relativamente escassos. Na regi?o amaz?nica, levantamentos anteriores constataram uma rica fauna de parasitos de sangue em lagartos e deram ind?cios sobre um elevado potencial para descoberta de novas esp?cies. Nesse contexto, a presente tese investigou a ocorr?ncia de hemoparasitos em lagartos da Amaz?nia Central, explorando ao longo de tr?s cap?tulos aspectos relacionados ? diversidade, taxonomia e suas rela??es ecol?gico-evolutivas. Para tanto, foram obtidas amostras sangu?neas de diversas esp?cies de lagartos capturadas em ?reas de floresta de terra-firme, localizadas pr?ximas aos mun?cipios de Manaus, Presidente Figueiredo e Rio Preto da Eva, no Estado do Amazonas, Brasil. No primeiro cap?tulo foram reunidos os resultados sobre a preval?ncia e a riqueza de hemoparasitos encontrados nessas localidades, apresentando tamb?m uma lista atualizada dos estudos realizados no Brasil sobre hemoparasitos em lagartos. O segundo cap?tulo traz a redescri??o taxon?mica, usando dados morfol?gicos e moleculares, de uma esp?cie de hemogregarina, Hepatozoon ameivae, detectada em lagartos Ameiva ameiva. Para o terceiro cap?tulo foi levantada a hip?tese de que a ecologia do lagarto Uranoscodon superciliosus est? moldando a diversidade dos tripanossomas que os parasitam, o que pode ser evidenciado pelas rela??es filogen?ticas de dois novos gen?tipos de tripanossomas isolados nessa esp?cie de hospedeiro. Por fim, os resultados obtidos nessa tese ampliaram o conhecimento sobre a diversidade e distribui??o dos hemoparasitos no Brasil, al?m de terem gerado informa??es in?ditas sobre o sistema parasito-hospedeiro formado pelos lagartos e seus hemoparasitos na regi?o amaz?nica.

Parasites are recognized for their great ability to influence the evolution and ecology of their hosts, at the individual and community levels. However, in Brazil, one of the countries with the greatest biodiversity on the planet, studies on parasitism in wild populations are still relatively scarce. In the Brazilian Amazonia, previous surveys found a rich fauna of blood parasites in lizards and gave indications of a high potential for the discovery of new species. In this context, the present thesis investigated the occurrence of hemoparasites in lizards from Central Amazonia, exploring over three chapters aspects related to the diversity, taxonomy and their ecological-evolutionary relationships. For this purpose, blood samples were obtained from different lizard species captured in areas of upland forests (terra-firme), located near the municipalities of Manaus, Presidente Figueiredo and Rio Preto da Eva, in the State of Amazonas, Brazil. In the first chapter, results on the prevalence and richness of hemoparasites found in these…