subject:(Field Ionization)

Wayne State University

1. Herath, Thushani Nikeshala. Developing A Toolbox To Probe Reaction Dynamics With Strong Field Ionization And Non-Linear Attosecond Spectroscopy.

Degree: PhD, Chemistry, 2015, Wayne State University

URL: https://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/oa_dissertations/1137

► Electronic motions which happen in 10 to 100 of attoseconds are the heart of all processes in nature. Therefore monitoring and extracting details in… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Attosecond spectroscopy; Strong field ionization; Chemistry

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APA (6^th Edition):

Herath, T. N. (2015). Developing A Toolbox To Probe Reaction Dynamics With Strong Field Ionization And Non-Linear Attosecond Spectroscopy. (Doctoral Dissertation). Wayne State University. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/oa_dissertations/1137

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Herath, Thushani Nikeshala. “Developing A Toolbox To Probe Reaction Dynamics With Strong Field Ionization And Non-Linear Attosecond Spectroscopy.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, Wayne State University. Accessed December 15, 2019. https://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/oa_dissertations/1137.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Herath, Thushani Nikeshala. “Developing A Toolbox To Probe Reaction Dynamics With Strong Field Ionization And Non-Linear Attosecond Spectroscopy.” 2015. Web. 15 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Herath TN. Developing A Toolbox To Probe Reaction Dynamics With Strong Field Ionization And Non-Linear Attosecond Spectroscopy. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Wayne State University; 2015. [cited 2019 Dec 15]. Available from: https://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/oa_dissertations/1137.

Council of Science Editors:

Herath TN. Developing A Toolbox To Probe Reaction Dynamics With Strong Field Ionization And Non-Linear Attosecond Spectroscopy. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Wayne State University; 2015. Available from: https://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/oa_dissertations/1137

Penn State University

2. Sayres, Scott Grayson. The strong-field ionization mechanisms of molecules and clusters.

Degree: PhD, Chemistry, 2010, Penn State University

URL: https://etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/10983

► The interaction of light and matter is of fundamental interest to the fields of both physics and chemistry. Advances in laser technology continually push the… (more)

▼ The interaction of light and matter is of fundamental interest to the fields of both physics and chemistry. Advances in laser technology continually push the interaction of light and matter to higher energies, reaching unexplored intensities in which new science is emerging. The work detailed in this thesis pertains to the ionization mechanisms that occur in atoms, molecules, and clusters for a wide range of laser intensities. Presented in Chapter 1 is a brief introduction to ionization, discussing the mechanisms in which it proceeds in different mediums including atoms, molecules, and clusters. At low laser intensities, the responsible ionization mechanism for atoms and molecules is the sequential absorption of photons by the molecule until the energy is high enough to kick off an electron, known as multiphoton ionization. However, at higher intensities the electric field (ponderomotive energy) of the laser becomes comparable to the attractive forces of the nuclei and ionization proceeds through the phenomena known as quantum tunneling. Tunneling ionization relies on the small probability that the electron exists outside a barrier. A large enhancement in the ionization rate, in which electrons are ejected at an energy that is orders of magnitude lower than expected, is observed in clustered species at very high intensities and is not yet completely understood. The focus of this dissertation research is to investigate the influence of laser intensity on the production of highly charged ions from molecules and clusters in order to gain insight into the mechanisms involved. Chapter 2 provides an in depth explanation to the experimental apparatus and technique used to measure the ionization dynamics. The experiments conducted herein required use of a femtosecond laser system coupled to a time-of-flight mass spectrometer uniquely coupled to allow for the intensity to be selected. In the experiments conducted here, an ultra-intense femtosecond laser is focused onto a molecular/cluster beam, instantly heating the electrons to roughly a million kelvin causing ionization. The intensity dependence on the extent of ionization is measured in a vacuum chamber via a time-of-flight mass spectrometry. A variety of theoretical simulations used for comparison to the experimental results are explained in Chapter 3. This involves the precise determination of the electronic wavefunction through electronic structural software. Additionally, a series of tunneling models are detailed and used for the experiments. The ionization and fragmentation dynamics of a simple molecule, silane, are discussed in Chapter 4. The ionization potential of silane is found to be in agreement with other techniques. Moreover, the appearance potentials of the fragments have been measured and are also in relatively good agreement with literature results, as well as calculated adiabatic values. The branching ratio is determined to proceed to SiH3+ to a larger extent than with chemical vapor deposition, which could help in the production of defect free thin film…

Subjects/Keywords: high charge states; mass spectrometry; Coulomb explosion; strong-field ionization; multiphoton ionization

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APA (6^th Edition):

Sayres, S. G. (2010). The strong-field ionization mechanisms of molecules and clusters. (Doctoral Dissertation). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/10983

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Sayres, Scott Grayson. “The strong-field ionization mechanisms of molecules and clusters.” 2010. Doctoral Dissertation, Penn State University. Accessed December 15, 2019. https://etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/10983.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Sayres, Scott Grayson. “The strong-field ionization mechanisms of molecules and clusters.” 2010. Web. 15 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Sayres SG. The strong-field ionization mechanisms of molecules and clusters. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Penn State University; 2010. [cited 2019 Dec 15]. Available from: https://etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/10983.

Council of Science Editors:

Sayres SG. The strong-field ionization mechanisms of molecules and clusters. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Penn State University; 2010. Available from: https://etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/10983

University of Waterloo

3. Bondar, Denys. Applications of Adiabatic Approximation to One- and Two-electron Phenomena in Strong Laser Fields.

Degree: 2010, University of Waterloo

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10012/5677

► The adiabatic approximation is a natural approach for the description of phenomena induced by low frequency laser radiation because the ratio of the laser frequency… (more)

▼ The adiabatic approximation is a natural approach for the description of phenomena induced by low frequency laser radiation because the ratio of the laser frequency to the characteristic frequency of an atom or a molecule is a small parameter. Since the main aim of this work is the study of ionization phenomena, the version of the adiabatic approximation that can account for the transition from a bound state to the continuum must be employed. Despite much work in this topic, a universally accepted adiabatic approach of bound-free transitions is lacking. Hence, based on Savichev's modified adiabatic approximation [Sov. Phys. JETP 73, 803 (1991)], we first of all derive the most convenient form of the adiabatic approximation for the problems at hand. Connections of the obtained result with the quasiclassical approximation and other previous investigations are discussed. Then, such an adiabatic approximation is applied to single-electron ionization and non-sequential double ionization of atoms in a strong low frequency laser field. The momentum distribution of photoelectrons induced by single-electron ionization is obtained analytically without any assumptions on the momentum of the electrons. Previous known results are derived as special cases of this general momentum distribution. The correlated momentum distribution of two-electrons due to non-sequential double ionization of atoms is calculated semi-analytically. We focus on the deeply quantum regime – the below intensity threshold regime, where the energy of the active electron driven by the laser field is insufficient to collisionally ionize the parent ion, and the assistance of the laser field is required to create a doubly charged ion. A special attention is paid to the role of Coulomb interactions in the process. The signatures of electron-electron repulsion, electron-core attraction, and electron-laser interaction are identified. The results are compared with available experimental data. Two-electron correlated spectra of non-sequential double ionization below intensity threshold are known to exhibit back-to-back scattering of the electrons, viz., the anticorrelation of the electrons. Currently, the widely accepted interpretation of the anticorrelation is recollision-induced excitation of the ion plus subsequent field ionization of the second electron. We argue that there exists another mechanism, namely simultaneous electron emission, when the time of return of the rescattered electron is equal to the time of liberation of the bounded electron (the ion has no time for excitation), that can also explain the anticorrelation of the electrons in the deep below intensity threshold regime. Finally, we study single-electron molecular ionization. Based on the geometrical approach to tunnelling by P. D. Hislop and I. M. Sigal [Memoir. AMS 78, No. 399 (1989)], we introduce the concept of a leading tunnelling trajectory. It is then proven that leading tunnelling trajectories for single active electron models of molecular tunnelling ionization (i.e.,…

Subjects/Keywords: Adiabatic Approximation; Strong Field Physics; Nonsequential Double Ionization; Single electron ionization; Many-dimensional Tunnelling

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APA (6^th Edition):

Bondar, D. (2010). Applications of Adiabatic Approximation to One- and Two-electron Phenomena in Strong Laser Fields. (Thesis). University of Waterloo. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10012/5677

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Bondar, Denys. “Applications of Adiabatic Approximation to One- and Two-electron Phenomena in Strong Laser Fields.” 2010. Thesis, University of Waterloo. Accessed December 15, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/5677.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Bondar, Denys. “Applications of Adiabatic Approximation to One- and Two-electron Phenomena in Strong Laser Fields.” 2010. Web. 15 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Bondar D. Applications of Adiabatic Approximation to One- and Two-electron Phenomena in Strong Laser Fields. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Waterloo; 2010. [cited 2019 Dec 15]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10012/5677.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Bondar D. Applications of Adiabatic Approximation to One- and Two-electron Phenomena in Strong Laser Fields. [Thesis]. University of Waterloo; 2010. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10012/5677

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Rochester

4. Wang, Xu (1985 - ). Theory of strong-field atomic ionization for elliptical or circular polarization.

Degree: PhD, 2013, University of Rochester

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1802/27176

► Interaction between intense laser fields (with intensities on the order of 1 PW/cm²) and gas-phase atoms or molecules has led to many new physical phenomena,… (more)

▼ Interaction between intense laser fields (with intensities on the order of 1 PW/cm²) and gas-phase atoms or molecules has led to many new physical phenomena, such as multiphoton ionization, above-threshold ionization, nonsequential double ionization, high harmonic generation, attosecond pulse generation, coherent X-ray generation, etc. These phenomena have been of interest from the perspectives of both fundamental physics and potential applications. The first step of all these strong-field phenomena is atomic ionization. Therefore understanding atomic ionization is the basis of understanding all strong-field phenomena. Extensive work has been done on atomic ionization, but mainly with linearly polarized laser fields. Little attention has been paid to elliptical or circular polarization, for two reasons. First, many of the above-mentioned strong-field processes can only be generated or maximized with linear polarization. Second, elliptical or circular polarization is very difficult to deal with, especially theoretically. In this dissertation, we will be focusing on atomic ionization with elliptical or circular polarization. The first question: why would one bother to study elliptical or circular polarization? The answer is that elliptical or circular polarization is able to reveal important ionization information that is not accessible with linear polarization. For example, at what time during a pulse was an electron emitted? Surprisingly, this obvious question cannot be answered with linear polarization, but it can be answered with elliptical or circular polarization. Atomic ionization with elliptical or circular polarization will be studied systematically, mainly using a classical ensemble method. Our study covers a range of ionization channels, including single ionization, double ionization, and triple ionization. We will explain how to decode new ionization information from experimentally measurable ion momentum distributions. We will also resolve a couple of interesting puzzles with elliptical or circular polarization. For example, is recollision, which has been accepted as playing a central role in initiating many strong-field phenomena with linear polarization, possible under elliptical or circular polarization? For another example, can the two electrons emitted sequentially in a double ionization event be viewed as independent?

Subjects/Keywords: Circular polarization; Electron correlation; Elliptical polarization; Ionization time; Recollision; Strong-field ionization

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APA (6^th Edition):

Wang, X. (. -. ). (2013). Theory of strong-field atomic ionization for elliptical or circular polarization. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Rochester. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1802/27176

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Wang, Xu (1985 - ). “Theory of strong-field atomic ionization for elliptical or circular polarization.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Rochester. Accessed December 15, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1802/27176.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Wang, Xu (1985 - ). “Theory of strong-field atomic ionization for elliptical or circular polarization.” 2013. Web. 15 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Wang X(-). Theory of strong-field atomic ionization for elliptical or circular polarization. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Rochester; 2013. [cited 2019 Dec 15]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1802/27176.

Council of Science Editors:

Wang X(-). Theory of strong-field atomic ionization for elliptical or circular polarization. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Rochester; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1802/27176

The Ohio State University

5. Walker, Mark Allen. Single-Electron Structure and Dynamics in the Strong-Field Photoionization of Noble Gas Atoms and Diatomic Molecules.

Degree: PhD, Physics, 2002, The Ohio State University

URL: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1039125206

► We present high-resolution photoelectron kinetic energy spectra of xenon, argon, krypton, and molecular oxygen and nitrogen ionized by intense ultrashort (120fs) linearly-polarized laser pulses… (more)

▼ We present high-resolution photoelectron kinetic energy spectra of xenon, argon, krypton, and molecular oxygen and nitrogen ionized by intense ultrashort (120fs) linearly-polarized laser pulses in the range 10¹³ -10¹⁴ W/cm² of peak intensities at 800nmwavelength. At these intensities, excited atomic states and the ionization threshold are ac Stark shifted by several times the photon energy. This brings the ground state into multiphoton resonance with them multiple times during the pulse, at which point enhancements are observed in the kinetic energy peak amplitudes on both large and small energy scales. It has been shown recently by comparison of experiment to simulations in argon that the large-scale effects are well-explained in the single active electron approximation. However there are several features which although reproduced by the simulations remain unexplained or unassigned. We show evidence of a relationship between narrow peaks observed within high and low ATI orders and attempt to explain the connection between large and small-scale enhancements in terms of the motion of electron wavepackets which pass through a series of stages on their way to being observed at either high or low kinetic energy. Also we report what seems to be the common origin for the broad unexplained peaks which occur in the spectra of all three atoms, and which were not easily identified in the simulations. In addition we have performed the first high-resolution measurements on the photoelectron spectra produced by ionization of diatomic nitrogen and oxygen with 800nm pulses. The measurement of ion yields of nitrogen using 800nm light have been reported to be similar to those of argon, which has the same ionization potential. Oxygen however has been reported to exhibit a rate an order of magnitude lower than its “companion” atom xenon. We have measured electron spectra of these gases around the intensities where these effects were observed, since they provide a more careful probe of the ionization mechanism in many cases. We present the electron spectra and compare them to the spectra of the companion atoms for similar intensities. Advisors/Committee Members: Van Woerkom, Linn (Advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: femtosecond ionization; above threshold ionization; strong field ionization

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APA (6^th Edition):

Walker, M. A. (2002). Single-Electron Structure and Dynamics in the Strong-Field Photoionization of Noble Gas Atoms and Diatomic Molecules. (Doctoral Dissertation). The Ohio State University. Retrieved from http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1039125206

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Walker, Mark Allen. “Single-Electron Structure and Dynamics in the Strong-Field Photoionization of Noble Gas Atoms and Diatomic Molecules.” 2002. Doctoral Dissertation, The Ohio State University. Accessed December 15, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1039125206.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Walker, Mark Allen. “Single-Electron Structure and Dynamics in the Strong-Field Photoionization of Noble Gas Atoms and Diatomic Molecules.” 2002. Web. 15 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Walker MA. Single-Electron Structure and Dynamics in the Strong-Field Photoionization of Noble Gas Atoms and Diatomic Molecules. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. The Ohio State University; 2002. [cited 2019 Dec 15]. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1039125206.

Council of Science Editors:

Walker MA. Single-Electron Structure and Dynamics in the Strong-Field Photoionization of Noble Gas Atoms and Diatomic Molecules. [Doctoral Dissertation]. The Ohio State University; 2002. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1039125206

Kansas State University

6. Zigo, Stefan John. Photoionization of isomeric molecules: from the weak-field to the strong-field limit.

Degree: PhD, Department of Physics, 2017, Kansas State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/35440

► Ultra-fast spectroscopy has become a common tool for understanding the structure and dynamics of atoms and molecules, as evidenced by the award of the 1999… (more)

▼ Ultra-fast spectroscopy has become a common tool for understanding the structure and dynamics of atoms and molecules, as evidenced by the award of the 1999 Nobel Prize in Chemistry to Ahmed H. Zewail for his pioneering work in femtochemistry. The use of shorter and more energetic laser pulses have given rise to high intensity table-top light sources in the visible and infrared which have pushed spectroscopic measurements of atomic and molecular systems into the strong-field limit. Within this limit, there are unique phenomena that are still not well understood. Many of such phenomena involve a photoionization step. For three decades, there has been a steady investigation of the single ionization of atomic systems in the strong-field regime both experimentally and theoretically. The investigation of the ionization of more complex molecular systems is of great interest presently and will help with the understanding of ultra-fast spectroscopy as a whole. In this thesis, we explore the single ionization of molecules in the presence of a strong electric field. In particular, we study molecular isomer pairs, molecules that are the same elementally, but different structurally. The main goal of this work is to compare the ionization yields of these similar molecular pairs as a function of intensity and gain some insight into what differences caused by their structure contribute to how they ionize in the strong-field limit. Through our studies we explore a wavelength dependence of the photoionization yield in order to move from the multi-photon regime of ionization to the tunneling regime with increasing wavelength. Also, in contrast to our strong-field studies, we investigate isomeric molecules in the weak-field limit through single photon absorption by measuring the total ionization yield as a function of photon energy. Our findings shed light on the complexities of photoionization in both the strong- and weak-field limits and will serve as examples for the continued understanding of single ionization both experimentally and theoretically. Advisors/Committee Members: Carlos A. Trallero.

Subjects/Keywords: Strong-field ionization; Ultrafast spectroscopy; Isomers; Weak-field ionization; Femtosecond lasers; Time-of-flight mass spectroscopy

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APA (6^th Edition):

Zigo, S. J. (2017). Photoionization of isomeric molecules: from the weak-field to the strong-field limit. (Doctoral Dissertation). Kansas State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2097/35440

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Zigo, Stefan John. “Photoionization of isomeric molecules: from the weak-field to the strong-field limit.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, Kansas State University. Accessed December 15, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/35440.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Zigo, Stefan John. “Photoionization of isomeric molecules: from the weak-field to the strong-field limit.” 2017. Web. 15 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Zigo SJ. Photoionization of isomeric molecules: from the weak-field to the strong-field limit. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Kansas State University; 2017. [cited 2019 Dec 15]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/35440.

Council of Science Editors:

Zigo SJ. Photoionization of isomeric molecules: from the weak-field to the strong-field limit. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Kansas State University; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/35440

University of California – Irvine

7. Ricchiuti, Valentina L. A. OpenFOAM simulations of impinging coflow flames, including chemi-ionization and electric field.

Degree: Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, 2016, University of California – Irvine

URL: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/9bc396vc

► Electric fields can have several effects on the behavior of hydrocarbon flames: they may affect flame shape, burning velocity, temperature profile, speed of propagation, lift-off… (more)

▼ Electric fields can have several effects on the behavior of hydrocarbon flames: they may affect flame shape, burning velocity, temperature profile, speed of propagation, lift-off distance, species diffusion, stabilization, and extinction. The reason is that combustion of hydrocarbon fuels involves a chemi-ionization process, which generates electrically charged species, namely ions and electrons; external manipulation of these chemi-ions can potentially produce two major effects on the flame: (1) alteration of the chemical kinetics and (2) generation of a body force. The former arises because the chemistry of the system is affected by the redistribution of charges due to their mobility and to the direction of the applied electric field; the latter includes physical effects: ion wind and Ohmic heating.The applied electric field makes charged species acquire momentum, which is then lost during collisions with neutral molecules; these multiple collisions have two consequences. Chemi-ions gain a drift velocity, which depends on their mobility, that is what makes them travel toward the respective oppositely charged electrode; while neutral molecules gain a small net velocity in the same direction (known as ion wind effect), which produces a net force whose contribution is included in the momentum equation.The Ohmic heating represents the work done by electrostatic forces; it includes both the work done by the electric field on the charged species (by pushing them toward the electrode of opposite charge) and the work done by the chemi-ions themselves (because they have also a diffusion velocity).The aim of this thesis is to better understand, through numerical simulations, the effects of chemi-ionization and electric fields on a non-premixed coflow flame that impinges on a metallic plate; this configuration is very useful in order to investigate both how electric fields can be used to reduce carbon monoxide emissions and how they affect the heat flux on a solid surface. In order to analyze how chemi-ionization and electric fields influence the fluid dynamics and the chemistry of a flame in this configuration, numerical simulations have been performed using OpenFOAM. The validation of the numerical model has been performed by comparing numerical results to experimental result; these comparisons show that, taking into account some simplifying assumptions (e.g., axialsymmetric geometry, absence of radiation heat losses, unitary Lewis and Schmidt number) introduced in the model, results agree well with literature findings.

Subjects/Keywords: Mechanical engineering; chemi-ionization; coflow; electric field; OpenFOAM

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APA (6^th Edition):

Ricchiuti, V. L. A. (2016). OpenFOAM simulations of impinging coflow flames, including chemi-ionization and electric field. (Thesis). University of California – Irvine. Retrieved from http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/9bc396vc

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Ricchiuti, Valentina L A. “OpenFOAM simulations of impinging coflow flames, including chemi-ionization and electric field.” 2016. Thesis, University of California – Irvine. Accessed December 15, 2019. http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/9bc396vc.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Ricchiuti, Valentina L A. “OpenFOAM simulations of impinging coflow flames, including chemi-ionization and electric field.” 2016. Web. 15 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Ricchiuti VLA. OpenFOAM simulations of impinging coflow flames, including chemi-ionization and electric field. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of California – Irvine; 2016. [cited 2019 Dec 15]. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/9bc396vc.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Ricchiuti VLA. OpenFOAM simulations of impinging coflow flames, including chemi-ionization and electric field. [Thesis]. University of California – Irvine; 2016. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/9bc396vc

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Ottawa

8. Wong, Michael C. H. High Harmonic Spectroscopy of Complex Molecules .

Degree: 2014, University of Ottawa

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31640

► Advancements in spectroscopy rely on the improvement of two fundamental characteristics: spatial and temporal resolutions. High harmonic spectroscopy (HHS) is an emerging technology that promises… (more)

▼ Advancements in spectroscopy rely on the improvement of two fundamental characteristics: spatial and temporal resolutions. High harmonic spectroscopy (HHS) is an emerging technology that promises the capability of studying the fastest processes that exist today: electronic motion with angstrom spatial and attosecond temporal resolution. HHS is based on the process of high harmonic generation (HHG) which arises from the nonlinear interaction between an intense, infrared laser pulse and an atomic or molecular gaseous medium, producing coherent, attosecond-duration bursts of extreme ultraviolet (XUV) light. In order to utilize the attosecond pulses for spectroscopic measurements, it is necessary to improve the conversion efficiency of HHG. Chapter 2 of this thesis describes the improvements we make to the HHG source in order to obtain high XUV photon flux and we report on the nonlinear ionization of atomic systems using these pulses in Chapter 6. In Chapters 3 - 5, we describe several HHG experiments in complex, polyatomic molecules in order to promote the use of HHS as a general spectroscopic tool. Amplitude modulations in high harmonic spectra of complex molecules can be attributed to several types of interference conditions that depend on a system's molecular or electronic structure such as recombination with multiple centres or dynamical interference from multi-orbital contributions to ionization. Our results demonstrate the capability of HHS to extract useful information on molecular and electronic structure from large, polyatomic molecules directly from their high harmonic spectra. Furthermore, we use HHS to investigate the suppression of ionization in complex molecules due to quantum destructive interference during ionization as well as the distinguishability of emitted harmonic spectra from molecular isomers. Chapter 6 explores the study of multi-electron dynamics in complex molecules using XUV multiphoton ionization of atoms and molecules as well as the ionization and fragmentation of C60 which has hundreds of delocalized valence electrons. This thesis also describes the author's role in the design and fabrication of a time-of- flight mass spectrometer (Section 6.1) as well as an HHG detector system (Appendix A).

Subjects/Keywords: High harmonic generation; Strong-field physics; Multi-electron dynamics; Multiphoton ionization

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APA (6^th Edition):

Wong, M. C. H. (2014). High Harmonic Spectroscopy of Complex Molecules . (Thesis). University of Ottawa. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31640

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Wong, Michael C H. “High Harmonic Spectroscopy of Complex Molecules .” 2014. Thesis, University of Ottawa. Accessed December 15, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31640.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Wong, Michael C H. “High Harmonic Spectroscopy of Complex Molecules .” 2014. Web. 15 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Wong MCH. High Harmonic Spectroscopy of Complex Molecules . [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Ottawa; 2014. [cited 2019 Dec 15]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31640.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Wong MCH. High Harmonic Spectroscopy of Complex Molecules . [Thesis]. University of Ottawa; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31640

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Wayne State University

9. Lin, Yunfei. A New Three-Dimensional (3d) Particle Coincidence Imaging System And Its Applications In Strong Field Studies Of Reaction Dynamics In Atoms And Molecules.

Degree: PhD, Chemistry, 2017, Wayne State University

URL: https://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/oa_dissertations/1721

► Electron‐electron interaction is an important and interesting research theme both in chemistry and physics. Experimental study of electron correlation is hindered by the long… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Particle imaging system; reaction dynamics; strong field ionization; Chemistry

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APA (6^th Edition):

Lin, Y. (2017). A New Three-Dimensional (3d) Particle Coincidence Imaging System And Its Applications In Strong Field Studies Of Reaction Dynamics In Atoms And Molecules. (Doctoral Dissertation). Wayne State University. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/oa_dissertations/1721

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Lin, Yunfei. “A New Three-Dimensional (3d) Particle Coincidence Imaging System And Its Applications In Strong Field Studies Of Reaction Dynamics In Atoms And Molecules.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, Wayne State University. Accessed December 15, 2019. https://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/oa_dissertations/1721.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Lin, Yunfei. “A New Three-Dimensional (3d) Particle Coincidence Imaging System And Its Applications In Strong Field Studies Of Reaction Dynamics In Atoms And Molecules.” 2017. Web. 15 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Lin Y. A New Three-Dimensional (3d) Particle Coincidence Imaging System And Its Applications In Strong Field Studies Of Reaction Dynamics In Atoms And Molecules. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Wayne State University; 2017. [cited 2019 Dec 15]. Available from: https://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/oa_dissertations/1721.

Council of Science Editors:

Lin Y. A New Three-Dimensional (3d) Particle Coincidence Imaging System And Its Applications In Strong Field Studies Of Reaction Dynamics In Atoms And Molecules. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Wayne State University; 2017. Available from: https://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/oa_dissertations/1721

Wayne State University

10. Cudry, Fadia. Strong Field Ionization Of Radicals And Reaction Intermediates.

Degree: PhD, Chemistry, 2015, Wayne State University

URL: https://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/oa_dissertations/1123

► This work presents results of adapting SFI probe for detection of radicals and their isomers. Radicals and reaction intermediates were produced using an established… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Flash pyrolysis; Isomers; Radicals; Strong Field Ionization; Analytical Chemistry

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APA (6^th Edition):

Cudry, F. (2015). Strong Field Ionization Of Radicals And Reaction Intermediates. (Doctoral Dissertation). Wayne State University. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/oa_dissertations/1123

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Cudry, Fadia. “Strong Field Ionization Of Radicals And Reaction Intermediates.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, Wayne State University. Accessed December 15, 2019. https://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/oa_dissertations/1123.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Cudry, Fadia. “Strong Field Ionization Of Radicals And Reaction Intermediates.” 2015. Web. 15 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Cudry F. Strong Field Ionization Of Radicals And Reaction Intermediates. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Wayne State University; 2015. [cited 2019 Dec 15]. Available from: https://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/oa_dissertations/1123.

Council of Science Editors:

Cudry F. Strong Field Ionization Of Radicals And Reaction Intermediates. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Wayne State University; 2015. Available from: https://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/oa_dissertations/1123

Colorado State University

11. Brophy, Patrick M. Development, characterization, and deployment of a high-resolution time-of-flight chemical ionization mass spectrometer (HR-TOF-CIMS) for the detection of carboxylic acids and trace-gas species in the troposphere.

Degree: PhD, Chemistry, 2016, Colorado State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/176732

► A historical account of the advances leading to modern high-resolution time-of-flight chemical ionization mass spectrometers (HR-TOF-CIMS) for gas-phase measurements is presented. Recent literature detailing the… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Carboxylic Acids; Field Measurements; Acetate CIMS; Mass Spectrometry; Chemical Ionization

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APA (6^th Edition):

Brophy, P. M. (2016). Development, characterization, and deployment of a high-resolution time-of-flight chemical ionization mass spectrometer (HR-TOF-CIMS) for the detection of carboxylic acids and trace-gas species in the troposphere. (Doctoral Dissertation). Colorado State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10217/176732

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Brophy, Patrick M. “Development, characterization, and deployment of a high-resolution time-of-flight chemical ionization mass spectrometer (HR-TOF-CIMS) for the detection of carboxylic acids and trace-gas species in the troposphere.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, Colorado State University. Accessed December 15, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10217/176732.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Brophy, Patrick M. “Development, characterization, and deployment of a high-resolution time-of-flight chemical ionization mass spectrometer (HR-TOF-CIMS) for the detection of carboxylic acids and trace-gas species in the troposphere.” 2016. Web. 15 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Brophy PM. Development, characterization, and deployment of a high-resolution time-of-flight chemical ionization mass spectrometer (HR-TOF-CIMS) for the detection of carboxylic acids and trace-gas species in the troposphere. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Colorado State University; 2016. [cited 2019 Dec 15]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/176732.

Council of Science Editors:

Brophy PM. Development, characterization, and deployment of a high-resolution time-of-flight chemical ionization mass spectrometer (HR-TOF-CIMS) for the detection of carboxylic acids and trace-gas species in the troposphere. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Colorado State University; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/176732

University of Colorado

12. Mancuso, Christopher Andrew. Strong Field Ionization of Atoms Irradiated with Two-Color Circularly Polarized Femtosecond Laser Fields: Rescattering in a Whole New Dimension.

Degree: PhD, Physics, 2016, University of Colorado

URL: http://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/177

► High-harmonic generation driven by two-color counter-rotating circularly polarized laser fields was recently demonstrated experimentally as a breakthrough source of bright, coherent, circularly polarized beams in… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Electron Rescattering; High Harmonic Generation; Nonsequential Double Ionization; Strong Field Ionization; Physics; Plasma and Beam Physics

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APA (6^th Edition):

Mancuso, C. A. (2016). Strong Field Ionization of Atoms Irradiated with Two-Color Circularly Polarized Femtosecond Laser Fields: Rescattering in a Whole New Dimension. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Colorado. Retrieved from http://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/177

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Mancuso, Christopher Andrew. “Strong Field Ionization of Atoms Irradiated with Two-Color Circularly Polarized Femtosecond Laser Fields: Rescattering in a Whole New Dimension.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Colorado. Accessed December 15, 2019. http://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/177.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Mancuso, Christopher Andrew. “Strong Field Ionization of Atoms Irradiated with Two-Color Circularly Polarized Femtosecond Laser Fields: Rescattering in a Whole New Dimension.” 2016. Web. 15 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Mancuso CA. Strong Field Ionization of Atoms Irradiated with Two-Color Circularly Polarized Femtosecond Laser Fields: Rescattering in a Whole New Dimension. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2016. [cited 2019 Dec 15]. Available from: http://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/177.

Council of Science Editors:

Mancuso CA. Strong Field Ionization of Atoms Irradiated with Two-Color Circularly Polarized Femtosecond Laser Fields: Rescattering in a Whole New Dimension. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2016. Available from: http://scholar.colorado.edu/phys_gradetds/177

Temple University

13. Bohinski, Timothy Blaise. STRONG FIELD MOLECULAR IONIZATION: CONTROLLED DISSOCIATION IN RADICAL CATIONS WITH DYNAMIC RESONANCES AND ADIABATICALLY PREPARED LAUNCH STATES.

Degree: PhD, 2015, Temple University

URL: http://digital.library.temple.edu/u?/p245801coll10,310686

►

Chemistry

This dissertation investigates the electronic spectroscopy of a series of alkyl phenyl ketone radical cations and the dynamics of selective launch states in the… (more)

▼

Chemistry

This dissertation investigates the electronic spectroscopy of a series of alkyl phenyl ketone radical cations and the dynamics of selective launch states in the strong field regime with tunable near infrared ultrashort laser pulses from 790 nm - 1550 nm coupled to mass spectrometric detection. Our method relies on tunable strong field laser pulses in the range from 1150 nm - 1550 nm to adiabatically ioinized gas phase molecules and prepare ions in the ground ionic state that serve as a launch state for future excitation and control. Adiabatic ionization is capable of transferring little energy to the molecule and producing a majority of a parent molecular ion in comparison to nonadiabatic ionization wherein multiple ionic states can be populated with an accompanying high degree of molecular fragmentation. We measure a dynamic resonance in the low lying electronic states of the acetopheone radical cation via preparation of a launch state with adiabatic ionization followed by a one photon transition within a single pulse duration which facilitates bond dissociation to produce the benzoyl ion. Experiments on acetophenone homologues and derivatives elucidate the structural dependence of the electronic resonance and supporting ab initio calculations identify the dynamic resonance along the molecular torsional coordinate between the ground ionic state, D0, and second excited state, D2. Post ionization excitation within the pulse duration transfers the ground state wavepacket to the D2 surface where the wavepacket encounters a three state conical intersection that facilitates the preferred bond dissociation. Time resolved photodissociation experiments measure the dynamics of the launch state, large amplitude oscillations and extended coherence times support the notion that adiabatic ionization populates a majority of the ground ionic surface. Control of the dissociation products is initiated from the launch state by varying the pump wavelength and probe intensity. Elimination of the D0 wavepacket with a 1370 nm reveals additional secondary dynamics that are attributed to wavepacket motion on the D2 surface. Finally, the effect of para substitution on the acetophenone radical cation is explored as a strategy to control the launch state wavepacket dynamics. Suppresion of the wavepacket dynamics are observed with the addition of alkoxy groups whereas extended coherence of the launch state dynamics approaching ~5 ps is observed upon trifluoromethyl substitution. A possible mechanism for the extended coherenece based on coupled torsional rotors is proposed.

Temple University – Theses

Advisors/Committee Members: Levis, Robert J.;, Matsika, Spiridoula, Borguet, Eric, Weinacht, Thomas C.;.

Subjects/Keywords: Physical education;

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APA (6^th Edition):

Bohinski, T. B. (2015). STRONG FIELD MOLECULAR IONIZATION: CONTROLLED DISSOCIATION IN RADICAL CATIONS WITH DYNAMIC RESONANCES AND ADIABATICALLY PREPARED LAUNCH STATES. (Doctoral Dissertation). Temple University. Retrieved from http://digital.library.temple.edu/u?/p245801coll10,310686

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Bohinski, Timothy Blaise. “STRONG FIELD MOLECULAR IONIZATION: CONTROLLED DISSOCIATION IN RADICAL CATIONS WITH DYNAMIC RESONANCES AND ADIABATICALLY PREPARED LAUNCH STATES.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, Temple University. Accessed December 15, 2019. http://digital.library.temple.edu/u?/p245801coll10,310686.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Bohinski, Timothy Blaise. “STRONG FIELD MOLECULAR IONIZATION: CONTROLLED DISSOCIATION IN RADICAL CATIONS WITH DYNAMIC RESONANCES AND ADIABATICALLY PREPARED LAUNCH STATES.” 2015. Web. 15 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Bohinski TB. STRONG FIELD MOLECULAR IONIZATION: CONTROLLED DISSOCIATION IN RADICAL CATIONS WITH DYNAMIC RESONANCES AND ADIABATICALLY PREPARED LAUNCH STATES. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Temple University; 2015. [cited 2019 Dec 15]. Available from: http://digital.library.temple.edu/u?/p245801coll10,310686.

Council of Science Editors:

Bohinski TB. STRONG FIELD MOLECULAR IONIZATION: CONTROLLED DISSOCIATION IN RADICAL CATIONS WITH DYNAMIC RESONANCES AND ADIABATICALLY PREPARED LAUNCH STATES. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Temple University; 2015. Available from: http://digital.library.temple.edu/u?/p245801coll10,310686

EPFL

14. Urcuyo Solorzano, Roberto. Electronic transport properties of vertical and lateral graphene-based heterostructures.

Degree: 2016, EPFL

URL: http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/223634

► Graphene has some drawbacks, like the absence of an electronic band gap which leads to only small gate switching ratios, and its fast carrier recombination… (more)

▼ Graphene has some drawbacks, like the absence of an electronic band gap which leads to only small gate switching ratios, and its fast carrier recombination that limits its use in optoelectronics. In order to overcome these issues, the aim of this thesis was to tune the properties of graphene by two different modification approaches. The first approach involved chemical functionalization to create lateral graphene heterostructures, whereas the second approach was directed toward vertical heterostructures that combine graphene with another 2D material. For the former case, two novel chemical functionalization methods were investigated. The first method relied upon hyperthermal molecular ion collisions with 4,4¿-azobis(pyridine). This enabled the covalent functionalization of graphene with a functionalization degree of up to 3%, as demonstrated by Raman in combination with XPS. AFM studies revealed that the functionalized sheets retain their topographic integrity. Thus obtained stripe-like patterns of covalently graphene within extended graphene sheets enabled enhanced on/off ratios upon gate switching. In the second functionalization, OsO4 was used to selectively introduce hydroxyl groups to graphene. Best results were obtained using UV light activation, which yielded graphene of high covalent functionalization degree, as concluded from its optical transparency and gate-induced on/off switching ratios of up to 500. Temperature dependent electrical measurements revealed 2D hopping as the dominant transport mechanism. The first type of vertical heterostructure, gr-TiOx-Ti diodes were fabricated and their electrical properties in the dark and under visible light illumination studied. In contrast to conventional MIM diodes, the performance of the graphene-based diodes was found to increase with decreasing thickness of the oxide insulator. Bias-induced modulation of the work function of graphene was identified as the key to the operation mechanism of the graphene diodes, enabling them to reach a very high asymmetry and nonlinearity (9000 and 8). The diodes compete well with state-of-the-art MIM diodes. Furthermore, the graphene-TiOx-Ti diodes could be operated as photovoltaic cell, with a maximum open-circuit voltage of 0.3 V and a short-circuit photocurrent of 14 nA under global illuminationt. This finding constitutes the first proof-of-principle of hot carrier extraction from graphene, based on the photovoltaic effect. The second type of vertical heterostructures was based on black phosphorus (BP). As a first step, thin BP sheets were combined with n-GaAs into novel pn devices. They displayed pronounced rectification behavior that, in the low bias regime, approaches that of ideal diodes. Moreover, when operated as photodiodes they reached external quantum efficiencies (EQE) above 30% under higher reverse bias. On this basis, the bP was then combined with gr into a p+/p heterojunction. Thus obtained devices achieved a maximum internal quantum efficiency (IQE) and responsivity of 13% and 10.7 mA/W, respectively. This IQE… Advisors/Committee Members: Kern, Klaus.

Subjects/Keywords: Graphene; Electrospray Ionization; Black Phosphorus; 2D materials; Photovoltaic Cells; Field Effect Transistors

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APA (6^th Edition):

Urcuyo Solorzano, R. (2016). Electronic transport properties of vertical and lateral graphene-based heterostructures. (Thesis). EPFL. Retrieved from http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/223634

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Urcuyo Solorzano, Roberto. “Electronic transport properties of vertical and lateral graphene-based heterostructures.” 2016. Thesis, EPFL. Accessed December 15, 2019. http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/223634.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Urcuyo Solorzano, Roberto. “Electronic transport properties of vertical and lateral graphene-based heterostructures.” 2016. Web. 15 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Urcuyo Solorzano R. Electronic transport properties of vertical and lateral graphene-based heterostructures. [Internet] [Thesis]. EPFL; 2016. [cited 2019 Dec 15]. Available from: http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/223634.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Urcuyo Solorzano R. Electronic transport properties of vertical and lateral graphene-based heterostructures. [Thesis]. EPFL; 2016. Available from: http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/223634

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Georgia Tech

15. Hsieh, Chi-Ti. Carrier transport in optical-emitting and photodetecting devices based on carbon-nanotube field-effect transistors.

Degree: PhD, Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2010, Georgia Tech

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/34797

► A theory of the carrier transport, optical emission, and photoconductivity from optoelectronic devices based on ambipolar long-channel carbon-nanotube (CNT) field-effect transistors (FETs) is presented in… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Gradual-channel approximation; Exciton diffusion; Exciton ionization; Field-effect transistors; Nanotubes; Electron transport; Photoconductivity

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APA (6^th Edition):

Hsieh, C. (2010). Carrier transport in optical-emitting and photodetecting devices based on carbon-nanotube field-effect transistors. (Doctoral Dissertation). Georgia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1853/34797

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Hsieh, Chi-Ti. “Carrier transport in optical-emitting and photodetecting devices based on carbon-nanotube field-effect transistors.” 2010. Doctoral Dissertation, Georgia Tech. Accessed December 15, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/34797.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Hsieh, Chi-Ti. “Carrier transport in optical-emitting and photodetecting devices based on carbon-nanotube field-effect transistors.” 2010. Web. 15 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Hsieh C. Carrier transport in optical-emitting and photodetecting devices based on carbon-nanotube field-effect transistors. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Georgia Tech; 2010. [cited 2019 Dec 15]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/34797.

Council of Science Editors:

Hsieh C. Carrier transport in optical-emitting and photodetecting devices based on carbon-nanotube field-effect transistors. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Georgia Tech; 2010. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/34797

Penn State University

16. Blumling, Daniel Edward. STRONG-FIELD IONIZATION STUDIES OF HOMO- AND HETEROGENEOUS.

Degree: PhD, Chemistry, 2009, Penn State University

URL: https://etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/9734

► The interaction of intense electric fields with clusters has been an active area of research following the observation of the first laser-induced Coulomb explosion of… (more)

▼ The interaction of intense electric fields with clusters has been an active area of research following the observation of the first laser-induced Coulomb explosion of a cluster in 1994. The research reported in this dissertation focuses on the strong-field ionization behavior of small clusters composed of early transition metals, carbon, and oxygen. Specifically, several Group IV, V, and VI transition metals have been bonded either with themselves or in combination with sufficient oxygen or carbon atoms to form a variety of small (fewer than 40 atoms) cluster species. Following the ionization of these clusters via ultrashort laser pulses, observations are made regarding the ion products, their energies, and the mechanisms which led to their creation. Time-of-flight mass spectrometry is used to obtain data on the resulting species. A general overview of laser-matter interactions and strong-field ionization is provided in Chapter 1. The experimental apparati, including a colliding-pulse, mode-locked dye laser, a laser ablation cluster source, and a reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometer, are described in Chapter 2. In Chapter 3, strong-field ionization studies of transition metal (Ti, V, Cr, Nb, or Ta) oxide clusters are presented. Trends relating the reported ionization energies of the component atoms and the observed maximum charge states of the ions are reported. Discussion is offered relating the observed ionization behavior to the most commonly considered enhanced ionization mechanisms from the literature. The results of the strong-field ionization of pure transition metal clusters are then reported in Chapter 4 and this data is compared to that obtained for the transition metal oxide species. The maximum ionization states for the metal atoms in both the homo- and heteronuclear systems were identical and the ramifications of this phenomenon with regard to ionization dynamics are discussed. Finally, Chapter 5 contains data and analysis of the strong-field ionization and subsequent Coulomb explosion of transition metal carbide clusters. Remarkably, the maximum charge states for each constituent transition metal atom in both types of heteronuclear system, as well as the pure metal clusters, were identical following ultrashort laser ionization. Studies of these systems satisfy several specific goals in laser-induced Coulomb explosion research. First, the theory regarding strong-field ionization of clusters in this size regime is somewhat lacking, and the reported ionization mechanisms are complex and not unambiguous. The additional information regarding experimental values for maximum charge states with respect to not only cluster composition but also the ionizing laser conditions should prove beneficial to the advancement of theoretical models. In that same vein, studies of heteronuclear, covalently-bound clusters have never been reported in the literature, and thus the information garnered from these experiments provides a perspective as yet unavailable. Further, by systematically controlling the elemental…

Subjects/Keywords: Coulomb exposion; strong-field ionization; transition metal clusters; time-of-flight mass spectrometry

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APA (6^th Edition):

Blumling, D. E. (2009). STRONG-FIELD IONIZATION STUDIES OF HOMO- AND HETEROGENEOUS. (Doctoral Dissertation). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/9734

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Blumling, Daniel Edward. “STRONG-FIELD IONIZATION STUDIES OF HOMO- AND HETEROGENEOUS.” 2009. Doctoral Dissertation, Penn State University. Accessed December 15, 2019. https://etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/9734.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Blumling, Daniel Edward. “STRONG-FIELD IONIZATION STUDIES OF HOMO- AND HETEROGENEOUS.” 2009. Web. 15 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Blumling DE. STRONG-FIELD IONIZATION STUDIES OF HOMO- AND HETEROGENEOUS. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Penn State University; 2009. [cited 2019 Dec 15]. Available from: https://etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/9734.

Council of Science Editors:

Blumling DE. STRONG-FIELD IONIZATION STUDIES OF HOMO- AND HETEROGENEOUS. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Penn State University; 2009. Available from: https://etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/9734

Freie Universität Berlin

17. Al-Obaidi, Ruba Taha Salim. Raumladungseffekt in der starken Feld-Ionisierung von dichten Medien.

Degree: 2017, Freie Universität Berlin

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.17169/refubium-5635

► In dieser Studie wurden mittels Photoelektronenspektroskopie die lichtinduzierten Prozesse, die durch ein intensives Laserfeld an Flüssigkeitsgrenzflächen hervorgerufen werden, untersucht. Photoelektronen, die von dem intensiven optischen… (more)

▼ In dieser Studie wurden mittels Photoelektronenspektroskopie die lichtinduzierten Prozesse, die durch ein intensives Laserfeld an Flüssigkeitsgrenzflächen hervorgerufen werden, untersucht. Photoelektronen, die von dem intensiven optischen Feld eines ultrakurzen Laserpulses in einer dichten Probe erzeugt werden, führen zu einem Raumladungseffekt RLE, der die Emissionsspektren verändert. Der RLE ist daher Begleiterscheinung anderer Prozesse, die von intensiven Lasern erzeugt werden. Insbesondere führen sie zu Änderungen in der Spektralverteilung der Photoelektronen und reduzieren damit die Energieauflösung des Photoelektronenspektroskopie-experiments. Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Untersuchung der Haupteigenschaften des RLE in Anregungs-Abfrage-Experimenten und Experimenten mit einem einzelnen Laserpuls hoher Spitzenintensität. Zuerst wurde das Auftreten des RLE für den Fall von Photoelektronenspektren von Flüssigkeiten, die mittels Anregungs-Abfrage-Experimenten durchgeführt wurden, untersucht. Die beiden Techniken Anregungs-Abfrage-Spektroskopie und die Flüssigkeitsmikrojettechnik wurden in dieser Arbeit zusammen angewandt. Im Allgemeinen ermöglicht die Verbindung dieser beiden Techniken die Untersuchung der Elektronendynamik und Struktur in Lösungen und an Grenzflächen. In diesem Fall wurde eine Kaliumhexacyanidoferrat(II)-Lösung [Fe(CN)6]4- als Modellsystem verwendet. Der Einfluss der Intensität des Anregungslasers auf den RLE wurde untersucht. Es wurde beobachtet, dass eine große Zahl von Photonen pro XUV Puls eine Verbreiterung von Peaks und eine positive Verschiebung der Energien aufgrund des RLE erzeugt. Für das Anregungs-Abfrage- Experiment wurde UV-Licht mit einer Photonenenergie von 4.65 eV verwendet, um die Elektronendynamik von [Fe(CN)6]4- auszulösen. Mit dem XUV-Strahl aus einer HHG-Quelle mit einer Photonenenergie von 32.55 eV wurde die gesamte elektronische Struktur der Valenzschalen von Cyanoferrat in einem Ein- Photonenschritt zum Kontinuum untersucht. Es wurde gezeigt, dass die Reihenfolge der Anregungs-Abfrage-Pulse (welcher Puls interagiert zuerst mit der Probe) eine wichtige Rolle in der Erscheinung des RLE spielt. Insbesondere wurde eine positive Energieverschiebung in den Photoelektronenspektren bei negativer Zeitverzögerung (der Abfrage Puls kommt vor dem Anregungspuls an) beobachtet. Bei umgekehrter Reihenfolge wurde eine große negative Verschiebung beobachtet. Die positive Verschiebung wird durch einen negativen RLE erzeugt, der mittels Elektron-Elektron-Wechselwirkung zu einer Beschleunigung der XUV- Photoelek-tronen im Fernfeld führt. Die negative Energieverschiebung wird durch einen positiven RLE hervorgerufen, der durch positive Ionen in der flüssigen Probe erzeugt wird. Die Abfuhr der während der Ionisation in der Probe erzeugten positiven Ladungen findet auf einer Zeitskala von Nanosekunden statt. Solch lange Zeiten verdeutlichen die eingeschränkte Ladungsträgermobilität in Flüssigkeiten verglichen zu der in leitfähigen Festkörpern. Ein Modell basierend auf der… Advisors/Committee Members: [email protected], [email protected] (contact), w (gender), Prof. Dr. Emad Flear Aziz (firstReferee), Prof. Dr. Ludger Wöste (furtherReferee).

Subjects/Keywords: space-charge effect; strong field ionization; pump-probe technique; 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik

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APA (6^th Edition):

Al-Obaidi, R. T. S. (2017). Raumladungseffekt in der starken Feld-Ionisierung von dichten Medien. (Thesis). Freie Universität Berlin. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.17169/refubium-5635

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Al-Obaidi, Ruba Taha Salim. “Raumladungseffekt in der starken Feld-Ionisierung von dichten Medien.” 2017. Thesis, Freie Universität Berlin. Accessed December 15, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.17169/refubium-5635.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Al-Obaidi, Ruba Taha Salim. “Raumladungseffekt in der starken Feld-Ionisierung von dichten Medien.” 2017. Web. 15 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Al-Obaidi RTS. Raumladungseffekt in der starken Feld-Ionisierung von dichten Medien. [Internet] [Thesis]. Freie Universität Berlin; 2017. [cited 2019 Dec 15]. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.17169/refubium-5635.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Al-Obaidi RTS. Raumladungseffekt in der starken Feld-Ionisierung von dichten Medien. [Thesis]. Freie Universität Berlin; 2017. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.17169/refubium-5635

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of New Mexico

18. Johnson, Benjamin. A Microfabricated Deuterium Ion Source for Compact Neutron Generators.

Degree: Physics & Astronomy, 2013, University of New Mexico

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1928/23122

► Active neutron interrogation is generally accepted as a reliable means of detecting the illicit transportation of special nuclear materials, in particular highly enriched uranium. The… (more)

▼ Active neutron interrogation is generally accepted as a reliable means of detecting the illicit transportation of special nuclear materials, in particular highly enriched uranium. The development of portable active neutron interrogation systems for field detection applications could be facilitated by the use of a new deuterium ion source which has the potential to advance many of the performance limiting aspects of exiting compact, accelerator-driven neutron generators. The ion source being investigated is a gated array of sharp metal tips that uses high electric fields to generate deuterium ion currents through the physical processes of field ionization and field desorption. The deuterium ions produced by the source are extracted and used to drive a D-D (or D-T) fusion reaction to create neutrons. The basic microstructure for the ion source array is derived from modern semiconductor microfabrication technology for field emitter arrays, though many structural modifications have been made in an attempt to reach the required operating fields of the ion generation processes. Pulsed (field desorption) and d.c. (field ionization) tests conducted with each array design type developed thus far indicate a steady improvement in array tip operating fields. Field ionization studies were conducted with arrays at source temperatures of 77 K and 293 K. Newly developed arrays have demonstrated field ionization currents upwards of ~50 nA, which is roughly 50% of the maximum ion production possible, as presently fabricated. Neutron production by field ionization was demonstrated for the first time from the microfabricated arrays. A maximum neutron yield of 95 n/s (6300 n/s/sqcm of array active area) was observed from a 1.5 sqmm array using a D-D fusion reaction at -90 kV. Field desorption studies at 77 K and 293 K were conducted in parallel with field ionization testing. To date, the arrays have consistently demonstrated the field desorption of deuterium ions from array tip surfaces. The number of deuterium ions desorbed was quantified and found to be significantly less than predicted. The low deuterium ion yields have been attributed to the presence of surface contaminants that inhibit the adsorption of deuterium. As such, thermal and hydrogen plasma cleaning methods are being investigated to condition the array tip surfaces. For both field ionization and field desorption, improved array designs that can achieve higher tip operating fields are required before predicted neutron yields (>10⁹ n/s/sqcm) can be demonstrated. Advisors/Committee Members: Schwoebel, Paul, Dunlap, David, Boyd, Stephen, Cooper, Gary.

Subjects/Keywords: Active Neutron Interrogation; Ion Source; Neutron Generator; Deuterium; Tritium; D-D D-T Fusion; Microfabrication; Field Ionization; Field Desorption

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APA (6^th Edition):

Johnson, B. (2013). A Microfabricated Deuterium Ion Source for Compact Neutron Generators. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of New Mexico. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1928/23122

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Johnson, Benjamin. “A Microfabricated Deuterium Ion Source for Compact Neutron Generators.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, University of New Mexico. Accessed December 15, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1928/23122.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Johnson, Benjamin. “A Microfabricated Deuterium Ion Source for Compact Neutron Generators.” 2013. Web. 15 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Johnson B. A Microfabricated Deuterium Ion Source for Compact Neutron Generators. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of New Mexico; 2013. [cited 2019 Dec 15]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1928/23122.

Council of Science Editors:

Johnson B. A Microfabricated Deuterium Ion Source for Compact Neutron Generators. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of New Mexico; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1928/23122

19. Καρράς, Γαβριήλ. Μελέτη της αλληλεπίδρασης μοριακών συσσωματωμάτων αλκυλο-αλογονιδίων με ισχυρά πεδία laser.

Degree: 2011, University of Ioannina; Πανεπιστήμιο Ιωαννίνων

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10442/hedi/28078

► The object of this dissertation was the study of the interaction of molecular clusters with picosecond and femtosecond laser pulses, by means of time of… (more)

▼ The object of this dissertation was the study of the interaction of molecular clusters with picosecond and femtosecond laser pulses, by means of time of flight mass spectrometry. We used laser pulses with pulse duration of 35 ps at 266, 532 and 1064 nm and of 20 fs at 400 and 800 nm. The molecular clusters were formed from alkyl-halide monomers and specifically we studied the clusters of methyl iodide, (CH3I)n, iodoethane (C2H5I)n, bromoethane (C2H5Br)n and chloroethane (C2H5Cl)n. In the case of ps experiments it was deduced that the ionization and dissociation processes are strongly dependent on the wavelength of the laser pulses. For UV (266 nm) laser irradiation especially, it was found that ionization is induced through the multi-photon absorption of the neutral clusters, while their dissociation is mediated, mainly, by the AID (above ionization dissociation) mechanism. On the contrary at 532 and 1064 nm we observed the multi-electron dissociative ionization (MEDI) for all molecular clusters studied. The interpretation of our experimental results is based on a proposed mechanism that takes into account both the laser field and the internal field created within the cluster environment after its single ionization. In both cases the internal field distorts the potential barriers of the cluster constituents and facilitates the multiple ionization of the system through field induced processes, in this case tunneling and ABI (above barrier ionization). While at 532 nm the ionization found to be mainly stepwise, i.e. different laser intensity thresholds for each multiply charged ion, and the higher charge multiplicity recorded was X5+ (though this wasn’t the case for (C2H5Cl)n), this wasn’t the case for 1064 nm. It turned out that the formation of multiply charged ions with multiplicities higher than X5+ was feasible and that the appearance laser intensity for the majority of these multiple charged ions was the same. This behavior, in which we refer to as abrupt explosion, was attributed to the optical cycle of the laser field, the geometry of the molecular clusters and the formation of a (2c-3e) bond after cluster single ionization. Moreover, it was found that abrupt explosion takes place in a critical range of intermolecular distances, independent of the peak intensity of the laser pulse. While in the case of ps laser irradiation the geometry of the cluster changes during its interaction with the laser field, this is not the case for the fs laser pulses, because of their ultra-short duration. Due to this, the intermolecular distances within the cluster were higher than in the ps experiments, which resulted to lower values of the induced internal field. The later was formed also in this case after the MPI of the neutral clusters. Even though, multi-electron dissociative ionization was also verified for fs laser pulses (for both wavelengths used), the intensity thresholds for the appearance of the multiply charged atomic ions were increased by two orders of magnitude. Furthermore the experimental results revealed…

Subjects/Keywords: Μοριακά συσσωματώματα; Αλκυλο - αλογονίδια; Διαδικασίες ιονισμού και διάσπασης; Αλληλεπίδραση ύλης και ηλεκτρομαγνητικής ακτινοβολίας; Λέιζερ χρονικής διάρκειας Femtosecond; Πολυφωτονικός ιονισμός; Διαδικασίες ιονισμού πεδίου; Πολυηλεκτρονιακός διασπαστικός ιονισμός; Molecular clusters; Alkyl-halides; Ionization and dissociation processes; Laser-matter interaction; Femtosecond laser; Multiphoton ionization; Field ionization processes; Multielectron dissociative ionization

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APA (6^th Edition):

Καρράς, . �. (2011). Μελέτη της αλληλεπίδρασης μοριακών συσσωματωμάτων αλκυλο-αλογονιδίων με ισχυρά πεδία laser. (Thesis). University of Ioannina; Πανεπιστήμιο Ιωαννίνων. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10442/hedi/28078

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Καρράς, Γαβριήλ. “Μελέτη της αλληλεπίδρασης μοριακών συσσωματωμάτων αλκυλο-αλογονιδίων με ισχυρά πεδία laser.” 2011. Thesis, University of Ioannina; Πανεπιστήμιο Ιωαννίνων. Accessed December 15, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10442/hedi/28078.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Καρράς, Γαβριήλ. “Μελέτη της αλληλεπίδρασης μοριακών συσσωματωμάτων αλκυλο-αλογονιδίων με ισχυρά πεδία laser.” 2011. Web. 15 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Καρράς �. Μελέτη της αλληλεπίδρασης μοριακών συσσωματωμάτων αλκυλο-αλογονιδίων με ισχυρά πεδία laser. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Ioannina; Πανεπιστήμιο Ιωαννίνων; 2011. [cited 2019 Dec 15]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10442/hedi/28078.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Καρράς �. Μελέτη της αλληλεπίδρασης μοριακών συσσωματωμάτων αλκυλο-αλογονιδίων με ισχυρά πεδία laser. [Thesis]. University of Ioannina; Πανεπιστήμιο Ιωαννίνων; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10442/hedi/28078

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Florida

20. Tsai, Chia-Wei. Mass Spectrometric Methods and Integrated Systems for Explosives Analysis.

Degree: PhD, Chemistry, 2015, University of Florida

URL: http://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0047664

► The threat of the illegal use of explosives around the world are concerns to intelligence and law enforcement agencies. Having accurate and rapid methods in… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Electric potential; Ethers; Explosives; Ionization; Ions; Mass spectrometers; Mass spectroscopy; Nitrates; Signals; Solvents; differential-mobility-spectrometry – explosives – high-field-asymmetric-ion-mobility-spectrometry – mass-spectrometry – paper-spray-ionization – plastic-explosives

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APA (6^th Edition):

Tsai, C. (2015). Mass Spectrometric Methods and Integrated Systems for Explosives Analysis. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Florida. Retrieved from http://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0047664

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Tsai, Chia-Wei. “Mass Spectrometric Methods and Integrated Systems for Explosives Analysis.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Florida. Accessed December 15, 2019. http://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0047664.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Tsai, Chia-Wei. “Mass Spectrometric Methods and Integrated Systems for Explosives Analysis.” 2015. Web. 15 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Tsai C. Mass Spectrometric Methods and Integrated Systems for Explosives Analysis. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Florida; 2015. [cited 2019 Dec 15]. Available from: http://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0047664.

Council of Science Editors:

Tsai C. Mass Spectrometric Methods and Integrated Systems for Explosives Analysis. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Florida; 2015. Available from: http://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0047664

The Ohio State University

21. Randerson, Patrick J. Fundamental dynamics in high intensity laser ionization.

Degree: PhD, Physics, 2005, The Ohio State University

URL: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1110219813

► The study of ionization by intense laser fields is an important component of understanding light/matter interactions in highly nonlinear regimes. Typical intensities are between… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Above Threshold Ionization; Intense Field; Freeman Resonance

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APA (6^th Edition):

Randerson, P. J. (2005). Fundamental dynamics in high intensity laser ionization. (Doctoral Dissertation). The Ohio State University. Retrieved from http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1110219813

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Randerson, Patrick J. “Fundamental dynamics in high intensity laser ionization.” 2005. Doctoral Dissertation, The Ohio State University. Accessed December 15, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1110219813.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Randerson, Patrick J. “Fundamental dynamics in high intensity laser ionization.” 2005. Web. 15 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Randerson PJ. Fundamental dynamics in high intensity laser ionization. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. The Ohio State University; 2005. [cited 2019 Dec 15]. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1110219813.

Council of Science Editors:

Randerson PJ. Fundamental dynamics in high intensity laser ionization. [Doctoral Dissertation]. The Ohio State University; 2005. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1110219813

University of California – Merced

22. Dahal, Jiba Nath. Enhancing Device-Level Models for Ignition and Sheath Characteristics of Field Emission Assisted Microdischarges.

Degree: Physics, 2018, University of California – Merced

URL: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/6cs9s0nk

► Traditional plasma systems typically operate at low pressures and centimeter scale reactors. However, during the last decade or so, there is an active interest in… (more)

▼ Traditional plasma systems typically operate at low pressures and centimeter scale reactors. However, during the last decade or so, there is an active interest in the downscaling of devices and plasmas are no exception. Because of the popular pd (pressure times gap size) scaling, such plasmas have to operate at or near atmospheric pressure and are referred to as microplasmas or microdischarges. While downscaling the plasma device, field emission of electrons and their interaction with micro discharge due to high electric fields has shown to affect both pre-and post-breakdown operation of these discharge. In this context, we present computational data for the ionization coefficient (α) at high electric fields. A zero-dimensional Monte Carlo code is used to determine the variation of α as a function of electric field for various gases to use in device-level models. Results are also presented for the dependence of alpha (α) in a spatially varying electric field. While alpha (α) represents the volume process in a discharge, the most important surface process in microdischarge is field emission which is characterized by the field enhancement factor (β). Comparison of experimental data with theoretical data for argon, hydrogen, carbon dioxide and dry air are presented to predict an inverse dependence of βeff on electric field. Finally, device-level models are also formulated for the post-breakdown operation of field emission assisted microdischarges as motivated by novel cathodes with excellent field emission properties. In this context we present a non-linear sheath model for direct current field emitted assisted microdischarges. The main focus of this work is to develop a self-consistent sheath model that includes the effects of field induced electron emission without assuming a linear electric field. The results obtained from the non-linear sheath model for various parameters including current-voltage characteristics, and current density profiles of ion/electro are validated with PIC/MCC simulation of an argon microdicharge.

Subjects/Keywords: Physics; Plasma physics; Fluid mechanics; Field Enhancement Factor; Ionization Coefficient; microdischarge; Microplasma; Non-linear Sheath Model; plasma

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APA (6^th Edition):

Dahal, J. N. (2018). Enhancing Device-Level Models for Ignition and Sheath Characteristics of Field Emission Assisted Microdischarges. (Thesis). University of California – Merced. Retrieved from http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/6cs9s0nk

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Dahal, Jiba Nath. “Enhancing Device-Level Models for Ignition and Sheath Characteristics of Field Emission Assisted Microdischarges.” 2018. Thesis, University of California – Merced. Accessed December 15, 2019. http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/6cs9s0nk.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Dahal, Jiba Nath. “Enhancing Device-Level Models for Ignition and Sheath Characteristics of Field Emission Assisted Microdischarges.” 2018. Web. 15 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Dahal JN. Enhancing Device-Level Models for Ignition and Sheath Characteristics of Field Emission Assisted Microdischarges. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of California – Merced; 2018. [cited 2019 Dec 15]. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/6cs9s0nk.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Dahal JN. Enhancing Device-Level Models for Ignition and Sheath Characteristics of Field Emission Assisted Microdischarges. [Thesis]. University of California – Merced; 2018. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/6cs9s0nk

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Wayne State University

23. Fan, Lin. 3d Momentum Imaging Spectroscopy Probing Of Strong-Field Molecular And Surface Dynamics.

Degree: PhD, Chemistry, 2018, Wayne State University

URL: https://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/oa_dissertations/2096

► Electron-ion coincidence measurements in combination with 3-dimensional (3D) momentum imaging can provide comprehensive 3D-momentum information to unravel multichannel photoionization/dissociation processes, and thus is an… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: 3D momentum imaging; Electron-ion coincidence; Molecular dynamics; Strong field ionization; Surface dynamics; Velocity mapping imaging (VMI); Chemistry; Physical Chemistry

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APA (6^th Edition):

Fan, L. (2018). 3d Momentum Imaging Spectroscopy Probing Of Strong-Field Molecular And Surface Dynamics. (Doctoral Dissertation). Wayne State University. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/oa_dissertations/2096

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Fan, Lin. “3d Momentum Imaging Spectroscopy Probing Of Strong-Field Molecular And Surface Dynamics.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, Wayne State University. Accessed December 15, 2019. https://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/oa_dissertations/2096.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Fan, Lin. “3d Momentum Imaging Spectroscopy Probing Of Strong-Field Molecular And Surface Dynamics.” 2018. Web. 15 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Fan L. 3d Momentum Imaging Spectroscopy Probing Of Strong-Field Molecular And Surface Dynamics. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Wayne State University; 2018. [cited 2019 Dec 15]. Available from: https://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/oa_dissertations/2096.

Council of Science Editors:

Fan L. 3d Momentum Imaging Spectroscopy Probing Of Strong-Field Molecular And Surface Dynamics. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Wayne State University; 2018. Available from: https://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/oa_dissertations/2096

University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign

24. Wang, Ning. Toward high-performance, low-power, carbon-based interconnects and transistors.

Degree: MS, 1200, 2013, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/45604

► As the physical limits of Moore’s law scaling are immediately apparent, industry has explored new ways of pushing technological progress. For integrated circuit applications, major… (more)

▼ As the physical limits of Moore’s law scaling are immediately apparent, industry has explored new ways of pushing technological progress. For integrated circuit applications, major limiting factors are the electrical and thermal performance of interconnects and transistors. This thesis explores two topics, the first regarding future interconnects and the second regarding nanoscale transistors, both based on low-dimensional carbon materials, which could present opportunities for extending Moore’s law. As integrated circuit performance is increasingly limited by interconnect time delays at nanoscale dimensions, graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) may serve as an effective solution. In this thesis, a comprehensive study of sub-50 nm width copper (Cu), aluminum (Al), and GNR interconnects is presented. Existing models are refined to qualitatively understand the size effect, and various interconnect geometries are simulated using finite-element solvers to study coupling capacitance. Aluminum exhibits the best performance for horizontal geometries (where the interconnect width W is greater than the height H) for 5 nm < W < 20 nm due to a superior resistivity; below 5 nm, GNRs offer better performance as coupling capacitance rapidly increases delay in Al and Cu interconnects. For vertical geometries (where H is greater than W), lower Cu resistivity yields the shortest interconnect delay until W < 8 nm; in this size regime, the width-independent GNR resistivity results in superior GNR performance over Al and Cu interconnects. For nanoscale transistors, as dimensions of traditional metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) decrease, short channel effects degrade performance and limit further scaling. New silicon-based transistors such as the tunneling field effect transistor (TFET) and the impact ionization transistor (I-MOS) use novel carrier injection techniques to improve performance, but do not extend benefits beyond a single generation. For continued scaling, one-dimensional carbon nanotubes (CNTs) appear to be ideal, as their perfect crystalline structure and inherent cylindrical symmetry yield electrical properties superior to that of Si at similar dimensions. Thus, the second part of this document examines the possibility of CNT I-MOS transistors as a way to combine high-performance and low-power operation in highly scaled devices. If successful, the CNT I-MOS may operate at drain-source voltages of only 0.2-0.4 V for a channel length of 100 nm, which represents an order of magnitude improvement in operating voltage over existing Si-based I-MOS designs. Advisors/Committee Members: Pop, Eric (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: graphene; carbon nanotube; graphene nanoribbon (GNR); interconnect; metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET); avalanche multiplication; impact ionization

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APA (6^th Edition):

Wang, N. (2013). Toward high-performance, low-power, carbon-based interconnects and transistors. (Thesis). University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2142/45604

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Wang, Ning. “Toward high-performance, low-power, carbon-based interconnects and transistors.” 2013. Thesis, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Accessed December 15, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2142/45604.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Wang, Ning. “Toward high-performance, low-power, carbon-based interconnects and transistors.” 2013. Web. 15 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Wang N. Toward high-performance, low-power, carbon-based interconnects and transistors. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2013. [cited 2019 Dec 15]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/45604.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Wang N. Toward high-performance, low-power, carbon-based interconnects and transistors. [Thesis]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/45604

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Michigan State University

25. Mayer, Helen Kathe. Electron capture negative ionization mass spectrometry of steroids and similar electrophilic compounds.

Degree: PhD, Department of Chemistry, 1991, Michigan State University

URL: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:22842

Subjects/Keywords: Field ionization mass spectrometry; Steroids; Mass spectrometry

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APA (6^th Edition):

Mayer, H. K. (1991). Electron capture negative ionization mass spectrometry of steroids and similar electrophilic compounds. (Doctoral Dissertation). Michigan State University. Retrieved from http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:22842

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Mayer, Helen Kathe. “Electron capture negative ionization mass spectrometry of steroids and similar electrophilic compounds.” 1991. Doctoral Dissertation, Michigan State University. Accessed December 15, 2019. http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:22842.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Mayer, Helen Kathe. “Electron capture negative ionization mass spectrometry of steroids and similar electrophilic compounds.” 1991. Web. 15 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Mayer HK. Electron capture negative ionization mass spectrometry of steroids and similar electrophilic compounds. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Michigan State University; 1991. [cited 2019 Dec 15]. Available from: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:22842.

Council of Science Editors:

Mayer HK. Electron capture negative ionization mass spectrometry of steroids and similar electrophilic compounds. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Michigan State University; 1991. Available from: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:22842

University of Newcastle

26. O'Donnell, Kane. Field ionization detection for atom microscopy.

Degree: PhD, 2010, University of Newcastle

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/802939

►

Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Helium has the highest ionization energy of any species and is as a consequence difficult to detect by… (more)

▼

Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Helium has the highest ionization energy of any species and is as a consequence difficult to detect by conventional means. On the other hand, it is the ideal surface probe, having no net charge or spin, a low mass and a short de Broglie wavelength. Therefore, there exists a strong incentive to develop a microscopy technique based on helium atom scattering. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate in detail how an efficient helium detector might be developed using the phenomenon of field ionization, an ionization method that relies on quantum mechanical tunneling rather than the more conventional electron impact ionization techniques. In particular, the work focusses on the potential use of a novel nanomaterial, carbon nanotubes, as the source of the high electric fields required for field ionization detection. In Chapter 1 we review the history of field ionization research and the properties and synthesis methods for carbon nanotubes. Chapter 2 describes the experimental apparatus and procedures used for the present research, and Chapter 3 introduces the theoretical framework and background for field ionization. In Chapter 4, the prototypical field ionization system is considered from a detector viewpoint. The work demonstrates that existing theory is not sufficiently quantitative for describing a field ionization detector and therefore a semi-empirical theory is advanced for that purpose. Chapter 5 considers the problem of nanotube field enhancement in detail using computational methods, leading to a complete description of the maximum field enhancement of a nanotube array based on the four fundamental array parameters. Efforts to synthesize carbon nanotubes in the Newcastle plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition system are described in Chapter 6. Several procedures are developed for reproducible growth of nanotube films and the chemical vapor deposition system is characterized with single parameter studies. Chapter 7 presents the results of electron field emission and helium field ionization experiments carried out using the grown nanotube films. We demonstrate for the first time the field ionization of helium using a planar film of carbon nanotubes. Finally, we conclude the investigation of field ionization detection in Chapter 8 with a discussion on how such a detection method integrates into a helium microscope and in particular we detail the design and initial calculations for the planned Newcastle helium microscope.

Advisors/Committee Members: University of Newcastle. Faculty of Science and Information Technology, School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences.

Subjects/Keywords: field-ionization; field-ionisation; helium-beam; carbon-nanotubes; atom-microscope; atom-microscopy; chemical-vapor-deposition; helium; helium-atom-microscopy; helium-microscopy; free-jet-expansion

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APA (6^th Edition):

O'Donnell, K. (2010). Field ionization detection for atom microscopy. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Newcastle. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/802939

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

O'Donnell, Kane. “Field ionization detection for atom microscopy.” 2010. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Newcastle. Accessed December 15, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/802939.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

O'Donnell, Kane. “Field ionization detection for atom microscopy.” 2010. Web. 15 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

O'Donnell K. Field ionization detection for atom microscopy. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Newcastle; 2010. [cited 2019 Dec 15]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/802939.

Council of Science Editors:

O'Donnell K. Field ionization detection for atom microscopy. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Newcastle; 2010. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/802939

Purdue University

27. Tholeti, Siva Sashank. Particle modeling of non-equilibrium field emission driven RF microplasmas.

Degree: PhD, Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2016, Purdue University

URL: https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/open_access_dissertations/863

► Non-equilibrium microplasmas at atmospheric pressures have been investigated for active flow control, micropropulsion and electronic display applications to name a few. The operational voltages… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Pure sciences; Applied sciences; Dielectric-barrier discharge; Field emission; Field ionization; Flow actuation; Microchannel flow; Microplasma; Aerospace Engineering; Mechanical Engineering; Plasma and Beam Physics

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Tholeti, S. S. (2016). Particle modeling of non-equilibrium field emission driven RF microplasmas. (Doctoral Dissertation). Purdue University. Retrieved from https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/open_access_dissertations/863

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Tholeti, Siva Sashank. “Particle modeling of non-equilibrium field emission driven RF microplasmas.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, Purdue University. Accessed December 15, 2019. https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/open_access_dissertations/863.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Tholeti, Siva Sashank. “Particle modeling of non-equilibrium field emission driven RF microplasmas.” 2016. Web. 15 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Tholeti SS. Particle modeling of non-equilibrium field emission driven RF microplasmas. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Purdue University; 2016. [cited 2019 Dec 15]. Available from: https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/open_access_dissertations/863.

Council of Science Editors:

Tholeti SS. Particle modeling of non-equilibrium field emission driven RF microplasmas. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Purdue University; 2016. Available from: https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/open_access_dissertations/863

Hong Kong University of Science and Technology

28. Ng, Chi Man. Investigation of drain electric field and impact ionization in SOI MOSFETs.

Degree: 1996, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology

URL: https://doi.org/10.14711/thesis-b520444 ; http://repository.ust.hk/ir/bitstream/1783.1-4421/1/th_redirect.html

► Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) CMOS technology is a potential candidate for the future main-stream technology in high-performance and lower-power logic applications. However, a device reliability problem, that… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Silicon-on-insulator technology; Metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors; Ionization

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Ng, C. M. (1996). Investigation of drain electric field and impact ionization in SOI MOSFETs. (Thesis). Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.14711/thesis-b520444 ; http://repository.ust.hk/ir/bitstream/1783.1-4421/1/th_redirect.html

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Ng, Chi Man. “Investigation of drain electric field and impact ionization in SOI MOSFETs.” 1996. Thesis, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. Accessed December 15, 2019. https://doi.org/10.14711/thesis-b520444 ; http://repository.ust.hk/ir/bitstream/1783.1-4421/1/th_redirect.html.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Ng, Chi Man. “Investigation of drain electric field and impact ionization in SOI MOSFETs.” 1996. Web. 15 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Ng CM. Investigation of drain electric field and impact ionization in SOI MOSFETs. [Internet] [Thesis]. Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; 1996. [cited 2019 Dec 15]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.14711/thesis-b520444 ; http://repository.ust.hk/ir/bitstream/1783.1-4421/1/th_redirect.html.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Ng CM. Investigation of drain electric field and impact ionization in SOI MOSFETs. [Thesis]. Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; 1996. Available from: https://doi.org/10.14711/thesis-b520444 ; http://repository.ust.hk/ir/bitstream/1783.1-4421/1/th_redirect.html

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

29. Ross, Matthew W. Strong-field Ionization Leading To Coulomb Explosion of Small Clusters.

Degree: PhD, Chemistry, 2012, Penn State University

URL: https://etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/15753

► The strong-field interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter is an important area of study for understanding the specific mechanisms of ionization. Clusters are unique in… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: strong-field; clusters; coulomb explosion; ionization enhancement; ultrafast laser; superatom

…Laser Pulses 1.2 Strong-Field Ionization Mechanisms in Atoms/Molecules 1.2.1 Multiphoton… …Coulomb Explosion 3.6 References Chapter 4 Strong-field Ionization and Coulomb Explosion of… …Conclusion 4.6 References Chapter 5 Growth and Strong-Field Ionization Properties of Small Silicon… …140 xii Chapter 8 Strong-field Ionization and Coulomb Explosion of Small Neodymium and… …Strong-field Ionization of Small Methane Clusters 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Experimental Setup…

10 more images…

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Ross, M. W. (2012). Strong-field Ionization Leading To Coulomb Explosion of Small Clusters. (Doctoral Dissertation). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/15753

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Ross, Matthew W. “Strong-field Ionization Leading To Coulomb Explosion of Small Clusters.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, Penn State University. Accessed December 15, 2019. https://etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/15753.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Ross, Matthew W. “Strong-field Ionization Leading To Coulomb Explosion of Small Clusters.” 2012. Web. 15 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Ross MW. Strong-field Ionization Leading To Coulomb Explosion of Small Clusters. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Penn State University; 2012. [cited 2019 Dec 15]. Available from: https://etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/15753.

Council of Science Editors:

Ross MW. Strong-field Ionization Leading To Coulomb Explosion of Small Clusters. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Penn State University; 2012. Available from: https://etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/15753

30. Makhija, Varun. Laser-induced rotational dynamics as a route to molecular frame measurements.

Degree: PhD, Department of Physics, 2014, Kansas State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/18522

► In general, molecules in the gas phase are free to rotate, and measurements made on such samples are averaged over a randomly oriented distribution of… (more)

▼ In general, molecules in the gas phase are free to rotate, and measurements made on such samples are averaged over a randomly oriented distribution of molecules. Any orientation dependent information is lost in such measurements. The goal of the work presented here is to a) mitigate or completely do away with orientational averaging, and b) make fully resolved orientation dependent measurements. In pursuance of similar goals, over the past 50 years chemists and physicists have developed techniques to align molecules, or to measure their orientation and tag other quantities of interest with the orientation. We focus on laser induced alignment of asymmetric top molecules. The first major contribution of our work is the development of an effective method to align all molecular axes under field-free conditions. The method employs a sequence of nonresonant, impulsive laser pulses with varied ellipticities. The efficacy of the method is first demonstrated by solution of the time dependent Schrödinger equation for iodobenzene, and then experimentally implemented to three dimensionally align 3,5 difluoroiodobenzene. Measurement from molecules aligned in this manner greatly reduces orientational averaging. The technique was developed via a thorough understanding and extensive computations of the dynamics of rotationally excited asymmetric top molecules. The second, and perhaps more important, contribution of our work is the development of a new measurement technique to extract the complete orientation dependence of a variety of molecular processes initiated by ultrashort laser pulses. The technique involves pump-probe measurements of the process of interest from a rotational wavepacket generated by impulsive excitation of asymmetric top molecules. We apply it to make the first measurement of the single ionization probability of an asymmetric top molecule in a strong field as a function of all relevant alignment angles. The measurement and associated calculations help identify the orbital from which the electron is ionized. We expect that this technique will be widely applicable to ultrafast-laser driven processes in molecules and provide unique insight into molecular physics and chemistry. Advisors/Committee Members: Vinod Kumarappan.

Subjects/Keywords: Molecular alignment; Rotational dynamics; Strong field Ionization; Molecular Physics (0609)

…5 Angle-Resolved Ionization and Fragmentation in a Strong Field 87 5.1 Alignment angle… …yield for strong field ionization of (a) 1D oriented and (b) 1D oriented… …molecular ion generated by valence ionization in an intense field 13 . As depicted in the cartoon… …resolved yield for non-dissociative, strong field ionization of ethylene. To the best of our… …asymmetric rotor in a non-resonant laser field . . . . . 21 2.2.4 Thermal and nuclear spin…

10 more images…

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Makhija, V. (2014). Laser-induced rotational dynamics as a route to molecular frame measurements. (Doctoral Dissertation). Kansas State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2097/18522

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Makhija, Varun. “Laser-induced rotational dynamics as a route to molecular frame measurements.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, Kansas State University. Accessed December 15, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/18522.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Makhija, Varun. “Laser-induced rotational dynamics as a route to molecular frame measurements.” 2014. Web. 15 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Makhija V. Laser-induced rotational dynamics as a route to molecular frame measurements. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Kansas State University; 2014. [cited 2019 Dec 15]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/18522.

Council of Science Editors:

Makhija V. Laser-induced rotational dynamics as a route to molecular frame measurements. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Kansas State University; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/18522

Open Access Theses and Dissertations