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1.
Gustavo Pereira Zago.
Estudo da co-cristalização em sistema ternário NaCI-CaSO4-H2O para dessalinização de água.
Degree: 2017, University of São Paulo
URL: http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3137/tde-15012018-132007/ 
► O crescimento acelerado da população mundial e o consequente aumento da produção de bens de consumo tem impulsionado uma crise na disponibilidade de recursos naturais,…
(more)
▼ O crescimento acelerado da população mundial e o consequente aumento da produção de bens de consumo tem impulsionado uma crise na disponibilidade de recursos naturais, principalmente os hídricos. Diante da escassez de recursos hídricos, processos de tratamento de efluentes industriais e domésticos que visam o descarte zero de líquido (ZLD - Zero Liquid Discharge) vêm sendo cada vez mais estudados. Atualmente, diversos processos têm sido empregados com este propósito. No entanto, ainda há a geração, juntamente com a água recuperada, de uma corrente composta por uma solução salina concentrada, cuja composição normalmente é constituída por diferentes tipos de sais inorgânicos. Uma das formas de alcançar o descarte zero de líquidos é por meio da implementação de um processo adicional de separação, sendo a cristalização evaporativa considerada viável para essa finalidade. O emprego deste processo é limitado ao controle das características morfológicas
das partículas obtidas, visto que estas influenciam diretamente na efetividade de separação dos processos subsequentes à cristalização (filtração, centrifugação). Além disso, efluentes industriais são soluções complexas, e a utilização da cristalização envolve a presença de mais de um sal em solução (co-cristalização). Este processo é pouco investigado na literatura científica, logo, a determinação de condições de processos visando controlar a características destas partículas não é trivial. Neste trabalho, foram estudados o efeito da taxa de evaporação e da presença de sementes na morfologia, composição, tamanho e hábito de partículas de cloreto de sódio e sulfato de cálcio obtidas por co-cristalização evaporativa em bateladas. Os resultados serviram para a determinação de parâmetros de operação para a co-cristalização visando a obtenção de partículas com elevado tamanho médio e baixa dispersão de tamanhos. Taxas de evaporação elevadas favoreceram a obtenção de aglomerados de
partículas. A presença de sulfato de cálcio em solução resultou em partículas maiores, menos polidispersas e com menor grau de aglomeração. Tal resultado foi considerado positivo, visto que, estas características são desejáveis para a separação dos cristais da solução mãe. Foi também observado que as sementes de hemihidrato atuam inibindo a aglomeração dos cristais de NaCl. O aumento da quantidade de sementes destes sais culminou na obtenção de partículas menos aglomeradas, porém houve um alargamento das distribuições de tamanho de partículas. Nos experimentos em que foram utilizadas sementes de ambos os sais, o mesmo efeito na aglomeração foi observado. Em todos os experimentos com semeadura de hemihidrato, foi observada a aglomeração deste sal com o NaCl, que foi intensificada com o aumento da taxa de evaporação e com o aumento da concentração de sementes. Foi identificada a possibilidade de recuperação de ambos os sais e obtenção - em determinadas condições - de mais de 90% do
NaCl com até 99,50% de pureza.
The accelerated growth of the world population and the consequent increase in the…
Advisors/Committee Members: Marcelo Martins Seckler, Rodrigo Condotta, Sônia Denise Ferreira Rocha.
Subjects/Keywords: Cristalização industrial; Dessalinização; Operações unitárias; Processos de separação; Cocrystallization; Desalination; Evaporative batch crystallization; Multicomponent systems; Separation processes
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APA (6th Edition):
Zago, G. P. (2017). Estudo da co-cristalização em sistema ternário NaCI-CaSO4-H2O para dessalinização de água. (Masters Thesis). University of São Paulo. Retrieved from http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3137/tde-15012018-132007/
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Zago, Gustavo Pereira. “Estudo da co-cristalização em sistema ternário NaCI-CaSO4-H2O para dessalinização de água.” 2017. Masters Thesis, University of São Paulo. Accessed April 14, 2021.
http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3137/tde-15012018-132007/.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Zago, Gustavo Pereira. “Estudo da co-cristalização em sistema ternário NaCI-CaSO4-H2O para dessalinização de água.” 2017. Web. 14 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Zago GP. Estudo da co-cristalização em sistema ternário NaCI-CaSO4-H2O para dessalinização de água. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of São Paulo; 2017. [cited 2021 Apr 14].
Available from: http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3137/tde-15012018-132007/.
Council of Science Editors:
Zago GP. Estudo da co-cristalização em sistema ternário NaCI-CaSO4-H2O para dessalinização de água. [Masters Thesis]. University of São Paulo; 2017. Available from: http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3137/tde-15012018-132007/
Georgia Tech
2.
Dumont, George Pierre, Jr.
The use of carbonation and fractional evaporative crystallization in the pretreatment of Hanford nuclear wastes.
Degree: MS, Chemical Engineering, 2007, Georgia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/24716
► The purpose of this work was to explore the use of fractional evaporative crystallization as a technology that can be used to separate medium-curie waste…
(more)
▼ The purpose of this work was to explore the use of fractional
evaporative crystallization as a technology that can be used to separate medium-curie waste from the Hanford Site tank farms into a high-curie waste stream, which can be sent to a Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP), and a low-curie waste stream, which can be sent to Bulk Vitrification. Experimental semi-batch crystallizations of sodium salts from simulant solutions of double-shell tank (DST) feed demonstrated that the recovered crystalline product met the purity requirement for exclusion of cesium and nearly met the requirement on sodium recovery.
Batch fractional
evaporative crystallization involves the removal of multiple solutes from a feed solution by the progressive achievement of supersaturation (through evaporation) and concomitant nucleation and growth of each species. The slurry collected from each of these
crystallization stages was collected and introduced to filtration and washing steps. The product crystals obtained after washing were sampled for analysis by polarized light microscopy (PLM), dried, and sieved. The PLM results aided in identification of species crystallized in each stage.
Carbonation was used as a supplemental method to
evaporative crystallization in order to increase the sodium recovery in DST experiments. Carbonation was necessary due to the high aluminum ion concentration in the solution, which leads to formation of a viscous gel during evaporation. This gel was avoided by reacting carbon dioxide with hydroxyl ions, which modified the system behavior. Through two stages of carbonation, each followed by evaporation, the effect of carbonation on sodium recovery was demonstrated.
Advisors/Committee Members: Dr. Ronald W. Rousseau (Committee Chair), Dr. Amyn S, Teja (Committee Member), Dr. Wm. James Frederick Jr. (Committee Member).
Subjects/Keywords: Hanford waste treatment; Polarized light microscopy; Fractional crystallization; Filtration and crystal washing techniques; Aluminum-based gels; Evaporative crystallization; Multi-salt crystallization; Hanford Site (Wash.); Crystallization; Separation (Technology); Evaporation
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APA (6th Edition):
Dumont, George Pierre, J. (2007). The use of carbonation and fractional evaporative crystallization in the pretreatment of Hanford nuclear wastes. (Masters Thesis). Georgia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1853/24716
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Dumont, George Pierre, Jr. “The use of carbonation and fractional evaporative crystallization in the pretreatment of Hanford nuclear wastes.” 2007. Masters Thesis, Georgia Tech. Accessed April 14, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1853/24716.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Dumont, George Pierre, Jr. “The use of carbonation and fractional evaporative crystallization in the pretreatment of Hanford nuclear wastes.” 2007. Web. 14 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Dumont, George Pierre J. The use of carbonation and fractional evaporative crystallization in the pretreatment of Hanford nuclear wastes. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Georgia Tech; 2007. [cited 2021 Apr 14].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/24716.
Council of Science Editors:
Dumont, George Pierre J. The use of carbonation and fractional evaporative crystallization in the pretreatment of Hanford nuclear wastes. [Masters Thesis]. Georgia Tech; 2007. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/24716
Georgia Tech
3.
Nassif, Laurent.
Use of evaporative fractional crystallization in the pretreatment process of multi-salt single shell tank Hanford nuclear wastes.
Degree: MS, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, 2007, Georgia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/22706
► The purpose of the work described in this thesis was to explore the use of fractional crystallization as a technology that can be used to…
(more)
▼ The purpose of the work described in this thesis was to explore the use of fractional
crystallization as a technology that can be used to separate medium-curie waste from the Hanford Site tank farms into a high-curie waste stream, which can be sent to a Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP), and a low-curie waste stream, which can be sent to Bulk Vitrification.
The successful semi-batch
crystallization of sodium salts from two single shell tank simulant solutions (SST Early Feed, SST Late Feed) demonstrated that the recovered crystalline product met the purity requirement for exclusion of cesium, sodium recovery in the crystalline product and the requirement on the sulfate-to-sodium molar ratio in the stream to be diverted to the WTP.
In this thesis, experimental apparatus, procedures and results are given on scaled-down experiments of SST Early Feed for hot-cell adaptation along with operating parameters and
crystallization mechanism studies on early feed multi-solute
crystallization. Moreover, guidance is given regarding future steps towards adapting the technology to multi-salt
crystallization kinetic parameter estimates and modeling.
Crystallization,
Evaporative Fractional
Crystallization, Nuclear Waste Pretreatment, Cesium Removal, Hanford, SST Early and Late feed, Multi-solute, Multi-salts, Simulant Testing
Advisors/Committee Members: Ronald W. Rousseau (Committee Chair), Amyn S. Teja (Committee Member), Daniel Tedder (Committee Member).
Subjects/Keywords: Evaporative fractional crystallization; Crystallization; Cesium removal; Nuclear waste pretreatment; SST early and late feed; Hanford; Simulant testing; Multi-salts; Multi-solute; Crystallization; Radioactive wastes – Washington (State) – Hanford Site.; Sodium salts; Cesium
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Nassif, L. (2007). Use of evaporative fractional crystallization in the pretreatment process of multi-salt single shell tank Hanford nuclear wastes. (Masters Thesis). Georgia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1853/22706
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Nassif, Laurent. “Use of evaporative fractional crystallization in the pretreatment process of multi-salt single shell tank Hanford nuclear wastes.” 2007. Masters Thesis, Georgia Tech. Accessed April 14, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1853/22706.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Nassif, Laurent. “Use of evaporative fractional crystallization in the pretreatment process of multi-salt single shell tank Hanford nuclear wastes.” 2007. Web. 14 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Nassif L. Use of evaporative fractional crystallization in the pretreatment process of multi-salt single shell tank Hanford nuclear wastes. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Georgia Tech; 2007. [cited 2021 Apr 14].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/22706.
Council of Science Editors:
Nassif L. Use of evaporative fractional crystallization in the pretreatment process of multi-salt single shell tank Hanford nuclear wastes. [Masters Thesis]. Georgia Tech; 2007. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/22706
Georgia Tech
4.
Bayuadri, Cosmas.
Stability of sodium sulfate dicarbonate (~2Na₂CO₃• Na₂SO₄) crystals.
Degree: MS, Paper Science and Engineering, 2006, Georgia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/11507
► Research on salts species formed by evaporation of aqueous solution of Na2 in the early 1930s. The thermodynamic, crystallographic and many other physical and chemical…
(more)
▼ Research on salts species formed by evaporation of aqueous solution of Na2 in the early 1930s. The thermodynamic, crystallographic and many other physical and chemical properties of most of the species formed from this solution has been known for decades. However, there was no complete information or reliable data to confirm the existence of a unique double salt that is rich in sodium carbonate, up until five years ago when a research identified the double salt (~2Na ₂ CO ₃ • Na ₂ SO ₄) from the ternary system Na₂CO ₃Na₂SO ₄ H₂O.
Crystallization of this double salt so called sodium sulfate dicarbonate (~2Na ₂ CO ₃ • Na ₂ SO ₄) is known to be a primary contributor to fouling heat transfer equipment in spent-liquor concentrators used in the pulp and paper industry. Therefore, understanding the conditions leading to formation of this double salt is crucial to the elimination or reduction of an industrial scaling problem. In this work, double salts were generated in a batch crystallizer at close to industrial process conditions. X-ray diffraction, calorimetry, and microscopic observation were used to investigate the stability of the salts to in-process aging, isolation and storage, and exposure to high temperature. The results show that care must be taken during sampling on
evaporative crystallization. Two apparent crystal habits were detected in the formation of sodium sulfate dicarbonate; the favored habit may be determined by calcium ion impurities in the system. The results also verify that sodium sulfate dicarbonate exists as a unique phase in this system and that remains stable at process conditions of 115-200℃
Advisors/Committee Members: Rousseau, Ronald W. (Committee Chair), Frederick, W. James Jr. (Committee Member), Verrill, Christopher L. (Committee Member).
Subjects/Keywords: Black liquors; Burkeite; Concentrator; Crystal; Crystal habit; Crystal shape; Crystallization; Differential scanning calorimetry; Double salts; Evaporative crystallization; Evaporators; Fouling; Hexagonal; Hydrothermal stability; Metastable limit; Na ₂ CO ₃; Na ₂ SO ₄; Polarized light microscopy; Powder x-ray diffraction; Scale; Sodium carbonate; Solid solution; Soluble scale; Spent pulping liquor; Supersaturation; Ternary system; Thermonatrite
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Bayuadri, C. (2006). Stability of sodium sulfate dicarbonate (~2Na₂CO₃• Na₂SO₄) crystals. (Masters Thesis). Georgia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1853/11507
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Bayuadri, Cosmas. “Stability of sodium sulfate dicarbonate (~2Na₂CO₃• Na₂SO₄) crystals.” 2006. Masters Thesis, Georgia Tech. Accessed April 14, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1853/11507.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Bayuadri, Cosmas. “Stability of sodium sulfate dicarbonate (~2Na₂CO₃• Na₂SO₄) crystals.” 2006. Web. 14 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Bayuadri C. Stability of sodium sulfate dicarbonate (~2Na₂CO₃• Na₂SO₄) crystals. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Georgia Tech; 2006. [cited 2021 Apr 14].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/11507.
Council of Science Editors:
Bayuadri C. Stability of sodium sulfate dicarbonate (~2Na₂CO₃• Na₂SO₄) crystals. [Masters Thesis]. Georgia Tech; 2006. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/11507
Georgia Tech
5.
Nassif, Laurent.
Accelerating treatment of radioactive waste by evaporative fractional crystallization.
Degree: PhD, Chemical Engineering, 2009, Georgia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/33868
► The purpose of the work described in this thesis was to explore the use of fractional crystallization as a technology that can be used to…
(more)
▼ The purpose of the work described in this thesis was to explore the use of fractional
crystallization as a technology that can be used to separate medium-curie waste from the Hanford Site tank farms into a high-curie waste stream, which can be sent to a Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP), and a low-curie waste stream, which can be sent to Bulk Vitrification. The successful semi-batch
crystallization of sodium salts from two single shell tank simulant solutions (SST Early Feed, SST Late Feed) demonstrated that the recovered crystalline product met the purity requirement for exclusion of cesium, sodium recovery in the crystalline product and the requirement on the sulfate-to-sodium molar ratio in the stream to be diverted to the WTP. The experimental apparatus, procedures and results obtained in this thesis on scaled-down experiments of SST Early and Late Feed simulated solutions were adapted and reproduced under hot-cell with actual wastes by our partners at Hanford. To prepare the application of the pretreatment process to pilot scale process, several varation to the feed solutions were investigated including the presence of carboxylates and amines organics compounds and solids particles. Results of the study showed that 4 organics species presented complications to the process (NTA, HEDTA, EDTA and sodium citrate) while the other species (Formate, acetate, glycolate and IDA) and solids particles did not in the conditions of the stored wastes.
In this thesis, the kinetics of the crystalline species formed at the condition of the early feed certification run (66 °C and 25 g/h evaporation) were determined along with the effect of the operating temperature and evaporation rate on these kinetics. On one hand, the study of evaporation rate values ranging from 25g/h to 75g/h showed that an increase in evaporation rate increased the specific nucleation while decreasing the specific growth rate. On the other hand, experiments on operating temperature ranging from 35 °C to 75 °C displayed that the nucleation rate of all species increased with temperature at the exception of sodium carbonate monohydrate and burkeite crystals, and that the growth rate of all species increased with temperature at the exception of sodium nitrate. Furthermore, sulfate based crystals such as trisodium fluoride sulfate were only roduced at 45 °C and 75 °C.
A simple steady state MSMPR population balance model was developed expressing the total population density function as the sum of the specific population density functions. The specific semi-batch
crystallization kinetics were implemented in this model.
Advisors/Committee Members: Ronald W Rousseau (Committee Chair), Amyn S Teja (Committee Member), Charles Liotta (Committee Member), matthew realff (Committee Member), Sankar Nair (Committee Member).
Subjects/Keywords: Multi-salts; Simulant testing; MSMPR; Nucleation and growth rates; Multi-solute; SST early and late feed; Crystallization; Evaporative fractional crystallization; Nuclear waste pretreatment; Cesium removal; Hanford; Radioactive waste disposal; Radioactive wastes Vitrification; Radioactive wastes Washington (State) Hanford Site; Cesium
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APA (6th Edition):
Nassif, L. (2009). Accelerating treatment of radioactive waste by evaporative fractional crystallization. (Doctoral Dissertation). Georgia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1853/33868
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Nassif, Laurent. “Accelerating treatment of radioactive waste by evaporative fractional crystallization.” 2009. Doctoral Dissertation, Georgia Tech. Accessed April 14, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1853/33868.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Nassif, Laurent. “Accelerating treatment of radioactive waste by evaporative fractional crystallization.” 2009. Web. 14 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Nassif L. Accelerating treatment of radioactive waste by evaporative fractional crystallization. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Georgia Tech; 2009. [cited 2021 Apr 14].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/33868.
Council of Science Editors:
Nassif L. Accelerating treatment of radioactive waste by evaporative fractional crystallization. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Georgia Tech; 2009. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/33868
. 
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