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Texas A&M University

1. Dickey, Aaron. Host-Associated Differentiation in an Insect Community.

Degree: PhD, Entomology, 2011, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2010-12-8695 

Host-Associated Differentiation (HAD) is the formation of genetically divergent hostassociated lineages maintained by ecological isolation. HAD is potentially an important route to ecological speciation in parasites including many insects. While HAD case studies are accumulating, there is a dearth of negative results in the literature making it difficult to know how common the phenomenon really is or whether there are specific traits of parasites which promote HAD. To address these two problems, studies are needed which both publish negative results (i.e., parasites not showing HAD) and test for HAD in multiple parasite species on the same pair of host species (i.e., control for host plant effects). In this study, HAD was tested in three species of herbivorous insects and one parasitoid species on the same two host tree species: pecan and water hickory. The insects were selected based on the presence or absence of two traits, parthenogenesis and endophagy. A test for HAD was considered “positive” when population substructure was explained by host-association. To test for the presence of HAD, insects were sampled sympatrically to eliminate geographical isolation as a confounding factor, sampling was replicated spatially to assure that HAD persisted, and multiple loci were sampled from each individual. Genetic data was analyzed using cluster analyses. HAD was found in both pecan leaf phylloxera and yellow pecan aphid but not in pecan bud moth or in the parasitoid of the yellow pecan aphid, Aphelinus perpallidus. Interestingly, both taxa showing HAD are parthenogenetic and both taxa not showing HAD reproduce sexually. Species showing HAD were tested for the presence of a pre-mating reproductive isolating mechanism (RIM) which could be maintaining HAD despite the potential for gene flow. Selection against migrants to the alternative host was tested in yellow pecan aphid using a no-choice fitness experiment. The overall contribution of this RIM to total isolation was positive and ranged from 0.614 to 0.850. The RIM of “habitat preference” was tested in pecan leaf phylloxera using a dual-choice preference experiment. In this species, preference was only detected for phylloxera originating from water hickory suggesting that host discrimination ability may be a less important factor promoting differentiation in phylloxera. Advisors/Committee Members: Medina, Raul F. (advisor), Eubanks, Micky D. (committee member), Harris, Marvin K. (committee member), DeWitt, Thomas J. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Parthenogenesis; Endophagy; Aphids; Carya, Solidago, Genetic Differentiation; Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms; Host-Parasite Interactions; Reciprocal Transplant; Host Plant Discrimination; Sequential Radiation

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6th Edition):

Dickey, A. (2011). Host-Associated Differentiation in an Insect Community. (Doctoral Dissertation). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2010-12-8695

Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):

Dickey, Aaron. “Host-Associated Differentiation in an Insect Community.” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, Texas A&M University. Accessed April 17, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2010-12-8695.

MLA Handbook (7th Edition):

Dickey, Aaron. “Host-Associated Differentiation in an Insect Community.” 2011. Web. 17 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Dickey A. Host-Associated Differentiation in an Insect Community. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2011. [cited 2021 Apr 17]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2010-12-8695.

Council of Science Editors:

Dickey A. Host-Associated Differentiation in an Insect Community. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2010-12-8695


Universidade Estadual de Campinas

2. Braun, Marina Reiter, 1977-. Agromizídeos neotropicais : diversidade e uso de hospedeiras.

Degree: Instituto de Biologia; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, 2011, Universidade Estadual de Campinas

URL: BRAUN, Marina Reiter. Agromizídeos neotropicais: diversidade e uso de hospedeiras. 2011. 70 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia, Campinas, SP. Disponível em: <http://www.repositorio.unicamp.br/handle/REPOSIP/315771>. Acesso em: 11 set. 2018. ; http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/315771 

Orientadores: Angelo Pires do Prado, Thomas Michael Lewinsohn

Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia

Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-11T21:19:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Braun_MarinaReiter_D.pdf: 4685052 bytes, checksum: 6fca81032502f6931c9f8333e10b544b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011

Resumo: Na presente tese foram descritas dez novas espécies de Agromyzidae endófagos de capítulos de Asteraceae. Essas espécies estão distribuídas nas duas subfamílias representadas nos gêneros Melanagromyza, Ophyomyia (Agromyzinae), Calycomyza e Liriomyza (Phytomyzinae). No gênero Melanagromyza, segundo maior da família, foram descritas sete novas espécies. Pela primeira vez foi encontrada nos gêneros Calycomyza, Liriomyza e Ophyomyia a herbivoria de capítulos de asteráceas. Além de aumentar o conhecimento sobre a diversidade do grupo, outra contribuição desta tese é a avaliação da especialização alimentar do grupo, que mantém o padrão da família com uma baixa proporção de generalistas. A partir dos dados de interação desses endófagos construímos uma rede de interações entre quinze espécies de Melanagromyza e suas plantas hospedeiras com o objetivo de avaliar sua estrutura de interações. Esta rede foi testada para investigar a existência de aninhamento e compartimentalização dessas interações. Outras questões investigadas foram a relação entre afinidade morfológica dos herbívoros e sua utilização de recursos, além do parentesco das plantas hospedeiras utilizadas pelas espécies de herbívoros. A estrutura de interações dessa rede possui um padrão bastante compartimentalizado, o que era esperado em interações de herbivoria entre insetos que apresentam alta especialização alimentar. Quanto aos efeitos do parentesco na estruturação da rede de interações, verificamos resultados diferentes para os insetos e as plantas. A classificação das espécies de Melanagromyza conforme sua morfologia genital não teve relação com o grupamento dos herbívoros análise de agrupamento bidirecional. Por outro lado, para as plantas, observamos grande concordância entre a classificação taxonômica das espécies e os grupos formados a partir da análise de agrupamento bidirecional

This study describes ten new species of endophagous Agromyzidae of Asteraceae flower-heads. Those species belong to genera of the two subfamilies, respectively Melanagromyza, Ophyomyia (Agromyzinae), Calycomyza and Liriomyza (Phytomyzinae). In Melanagromyza, the second largest genus in the family, seven new species were described. Herbivory of Asteraceae flower-heads was recorded for the first time in Calycomyza, Liriomyza and Ophyomyia. Besides increasing the knowledge of agromyzid diversity, this study contributes to the evaluation of host range patterns in the family, which confirms that most agromyzids are specialized on a plant genus or tribe, with a small percentage of generalistic species. From the feeding records between endophages and their host plants we built an interaction matrix, in order to evaluate their interaction…

Advisors/Committee Members: UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS, Lewinsohn, Thomas Michael, 1952-, Prado, Angelo Pires do, 1942-2013, Almeida, Adriana Monteiro de, Neto, Mario Almeida, Freitas, André Victor Lucci, Vasconcellos-Neto, João.

Subjects/Keywords: Asteraceae; Capítulo floral (Botânica); Endofagia; Relação inseto-planta; Agromyzidae; Asteraceae; Flower head (Botany); Endophagy; Insect-plant relationship; Agromyzidae

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6th Edition):

Braun, Marina Reiter, 1. (2011). Agromizídeos neotropicais : diversidade e uso de hospedeiras. (Doctoral Dissertation). Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Retrieved from BRAUN, Marina Reiter. Agromizídeos neotropicais: diversidade e uso de hospedeiras. 2011. 70 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia, Campinas, SP. Disponível em: <http://www.repositorio.unicamp.br/handle/REPOSIP/315771>. Acesso em: 11 set. 2018. ; http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/315771

Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):

Braun, Marina Reiter, 1977-. “Agromizídeos neotropicais : diversidade e uso de hospedeiras.” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Accessed April 17, 2021. BRAUN, Marina Reiter. Agromizídeos neotropicais: diversidade e uso de hospedeiras. 2011. 70 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia, Campinas, SP. Disponível em: <http://www.repositorio.unicamp.br/handle/REPOSIP/315771>. Acesso em: 11 set. 2018. ; http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/315771.

MLA Handbook (7th Edition):

Braun, Marina Reiter, 1977-. “Agromizídeos neotropicais : diversidade e uso de hospedeiras.” 2011. Web. 17 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Braun, Marina Reiter 1. Agromizídeos neotropicais : diversidade e uso de hospedeiras. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Universidade Estadual de Campinas; 2011. [cited 2021 Apr 17]. Available from: BRAUN, Marina Reiter. Agromizídeos neotropicais: diversidade e uso de hospedeiras. 2011. 70 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia, Campinas, SP. Disponível em: <http://www.repositorio.unicamp.br/handle/REPOSIP/315771>. Acesso em: 11 set. 2018. ; http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/315771.

Council of Science Editors:

Braun, Marina Reiter 1. Agromizídeos neotropicais : diversidade e uso de hospedeiras. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Universidade Estadual de Campinas; 2011. Available from: BRAUN, Marina Reiter. Agromizídeos neotropicais: diversidade e uso de hospedeiras. 2011. 70 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia, Campinas, SP. Disponível em: <http://www.repositorio.unicamp.br/handle/REPOSIP/315771>. Acesso em: 11 set. 2018. ; http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/315771

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