You searched for subject:(Empirical Bayes).
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University of Alberta
1.
Tao, Sile.
Convex Duality in Nonparametric Empirical Bayes Estimation
and Prediction.
Degree: MS, Department of Mathematical and Statistical
Sciences, 2014, University of Alberta
URL: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/xd07gt82k 
► The primary goal of this thesis is to implement the Kiefer-Wolfowitz nonparametric empirical Bayes method for models with multivariate response, using the idea of the…
(more)
▼ The primary goal of this thesis is to implement the
Kiefer-Wolfowitz nonparametric empirical Bayes method for models
with multivariate response, using the idea of the dual algorithm
outlined in a paragraph from Koenker and Mizera (2014). The
approach of Kiefer-Wolfowitz was numerically elaborated by Koenker
and Mizera (2014) and applied to the univariate normal means
problem. For the problems with multivariate response, their method
may be not numerically feasible. If the dual problem is considered
instead, we are able to come up with an adaptive algorithm, which
iteratively uses unequally spaced grids to approximate the prior.
In this way, we can solve the dual problem without using overly
many grid points. Another objective of the thesis is to facilitate
the multivariate data-analytic application of the developed
algorithm. To this end, we study Tweedie's formula, which can be
used to compute the posterior mean, after the estimate of the prior
is obtained. Finally, the formulation of the Koenker-Mizera dual
has been justified in the discretized setting as the Lagrange dual
of the original (discretized) formulation.
Subjects/Keywords: nonparametric empirical Bayes; duality
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APA (6th Edition):
Tao, S. (2014). Convex Duality in Nonparametric Empirical Bayes Estimation
and Prediction. (Masters Thesis). University of Alberta. Retrieved from https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/xd07gt82k
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Tao, Sile. “Convex Duality in Nonparametric Empirical Bayes Estimation
and Prediction.” 2014. Masters Thesis, University of Alberta. Accessed January 27, 2021.
https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/xd07gt82k.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Tao, Sile. “Convex Duality in Nonparametric Empirical Bayes Estimation
and Prediction.” 2014. Web. 27 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Tao S. Convex Duality in Nonparametric Empirical Bayes Estimation
and Prediction. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Alberta; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 27].
Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/xd07gt82k.
Council of Science Editors:
Tao S. Convex Duality in Nonparametric Empirical Bayes Estimation
and Prediction. [Masters Thesis]. University of Alberta; 2014. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/xd07gt82k
University of Minnesota
2.
Cao, Xiting.
Statistical methods for multi-class differential gene expression detection.
Degree: PhD, Biostatistics, 2011, University of Minnesota
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119323
► One of the major goals of microarray data analysis is to identify differentially expressed genes. In cancer studies, RNA is extracted from the tissue samples…
(more)
▼ One of the major goals of microarray data analysis is to identify differentially expressed genes. In cancer studies, RNA is extracted from the tissue samples of cancer patients (case class) and healthy people (control class) to obtain the gene expression data and genes that are dierentially expressed between case and control are identied to be candidate biomarkers which could undergo further studies. More often, we encounter situations where gene expression between more than two classes are being compared instead of the traditional case/control setup, e.g., multiple disease stages or dierent experimental conditions. In this dissertation, the problem of identifying dierentially expressed genes in a multi-class comparison setting will be addressed.
To identify the dierentially expressed genes, it is important to select a test statistic to rank the genes, and common approaches usually summarize each gene expression into a univariate test statistic and nd a critical value for the ranking statistics to claim which gene is dierentially expressed. In the dissertation, a univariate test statistic (the moderated F-statistics) is rst used as a summary statistic and its distribution is empirically estimated using maximum likelihood. After that, A multivariate test statistic is proposed as a summary statistic for each gene and both parametric and non-parametric empirical Bayes approaches are adopted to rank the genes. The performances of the proposed methods are illustrated by extensive simulation studies and application to public microarray datasets. The results show that the proposed methods have better detection power than the commonly used approaches when controlling false discovery rates at the same level.
Subjects/Keywords: Differential gene detection; Empirical Bayes; Microarray; Biostatistics
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APA (6th Edition):
Cao, X. (2011). Statistical methods for multi-class differential gene expression detection. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Minnesota. Retrieved from http://purl.umn.edu/119323
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Cao, Xiting. “Statistical methods for multi-class differential gene expression detection.” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Minnesota. Accessed January 27, 2021.
http://purl.umn.edu/119323.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Cao, Xiting. “Statistical methods for multi-class differential gene expression detection.” 2011. Web. 27 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Cao X. Statistical methods for multi-class differential gene expression detection. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Minnesota; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 27].
Available from: http://purl.umn.edu/119323.
Council of Science Editors:
Cao X. Statistical methods for multi-class differential gene expression detection. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Minnesota; 2011. Available from: http://purl.umn.edu/119323
Iowa State University
3.
Foster, Robert Christian.
Topics in empirical Bayesian analysis.
Degree: 2016, Iowa State University
URL: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/15910
► While very useful in the realm of decision theory, it is widely understood that when applied to interval estimation, empirical Bayesian estimation techniques produce intervals…
(more)
▼ While very useful in the realm of decision theory, it is widely understood that when applied to interval estimation, empirical Bayesian estimation techniques produce intervals with an incorrect width due to the failure to incorporate uncertainty in the estimates of the prior parameters. Traditionally, interval widths have been seen as too short. Various methods have been proposed to address this, with most focusing on the normal model as an application and many attempting to recreate, either naturally or artificially, a hierarchical Bayesian solution. An alternative framework for analysis in the non-normal scenario is proposed and, for the beta-binomial model, it is shown that under this framework the full hierarchical method may produce interval widths that are shorter than empirical Bayesian interval widths. Furthermore, this paper will compare interval widths and frequentist coverage for different Bayesian and non-Bayesian interval correction methods and offer recommendations. This framework may also be extended to the larger natural exponential family with quadratic variance functions, of which the beta-binomial model is a member, and general properties of NEFQVF distributions are given, with a specific application of the gamma-Poisson model. A class of prior is introduced as a limiting state of the framework that, in the hierarchical setting where the shrinkage coefficient is known, extends the well-known conjugacy of NEFQVF families to the hierarchical setting in an approximate way, and intervals are constructed using a refined empirical Bayesian interval correction technique that produce an alternative comparison basis. Coverage and interval widths are shown for this technique for the beta-binomial and gamma-Poisson models. Both produce near-nominal coverage and compare favorably to the full hierarchical solution calculated using MCMC.
As a second topic, a new Bayesian and empirical Bayesian estimate of a baseball team's ``true'' winning percentage is introduced. Common methods for estimating this ``true'' winning percentage, such as the pythagorean expectation or pythagenpat system, rely on the total number of runs scored and allowed over a period of time. A new estimator is proposed that uses independent zero-inflated geometric distributions for runs scored and allowed per inning to determine a winning percentage. This estimator outperforms methods based on total runs scored and allowed in terms of mean-squared error using actual win totals. Interval estimation for this estimator is directly shown using frequentist or Bayesian techniques. Empirical Bayesian techniques are shown as an approximation to the full hierarchical solution. Selected interval widths are compared using all three methods, with slight differences in the shrinkage amount given a full season's worth of data.
Subjects/Keywords: Baseball; Bayes; Empirical Bayes; Interval Estimation; Statistics and Probability
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APA (6th Edition):
Foster, R. C. (2016). Topics in empirical Bayesian analysis. (Thesis). Iowa State University. Retrieved from https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/15910
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Foster, Robert Christian. “Topics in empirical Bayesian analysis.” 2016. Thesis, Iowa State University. Accessed January 27, 2021.
https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/15910.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Foster, Robert Christian. “Topics in empirical Bayesian analysis.” 2016. Web. 27 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Foster RC. Topics in empirical Bayesian analysis. [Internet] [Thesis]. Iowa State University; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 27].
Available from: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/15910.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Foster RC. Topics in empirical Bayesian analysis. [Thesis]. Iowa State University; 2016. Available from: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/15910
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
The Ohio State University
4.
Wang, Xiaomu.
Robust Bayes in Hierarchical Modeling and Empirical
BayesAnalysis in Multivariate Estimation.
Degree: PhD, Statistics, 2015, The Ohio State University
URL: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1449069220
► With the modern development of statistical data analysis, the data volume increasesand the data dimension increases correspondingly. This thesis investigatestwo classic Bayes problems: robust Bayes…
(more)
▼ With the modern development of statistical data
analysis, the data volume increasesand the data dimension increases
correspondingly. This thesis investigatestwo classic
Bayes
problems: robust
Bayes analysis in hierarchical modeling and
empiricalBayes analysis in multivariate estimation. Our goals are
to provide approachesin high-dimensional settings.In Bayesian
analysis, it is difficult to develop a single prior to completely
andfully quantify our prior information. Thereby, o-contamination
classes have becomepopular models of the uncertainty in prior
distributions. For the first part of the thesis,I focus on
investigating the posterior ranges for different o-contamination
classesfor hyper-parameters in the context of hierarchical Bayesian
modeling. We deriveposterior ranges under various interesting
settings and examples.When a class of priors is assumed in Bayesian
analysis, it is vital to consider adecision rule corresponding to
this class. In a multivariate estimation setting, for thesecond
part of this thesis, I focus on research to find a compromise
between singleJames-Stein (JS) estimator and separated JS
estimators. Then we investigate therisk of such estimators with
different numerical simulations and compare the resultswith JS
rules.
Advisors/Committee Members: L. Mark, Berliner (Advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Statistics; robust Bayes, multivariate estimation, empirical Bayes,
James-Stein, hierarchical model
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APA ·
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Wang, X. (2015). Robust Bayes in Hierarchical Modeling and Empirical
BayesAnalysis in Multivariate Estimation. (Doctoral Dissertation). The Ohio State University. Retrieved from http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1449069220
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Wang, Xiaomu. “Robust Bayes in Hierarchical Modeling and Empirical
BayesAnalysis in Multivariate Estimation.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, The Ohio State University. Accessed January 27, 2021.
http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1449069220.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Wang, Xiaomu. “Robust Bayes in Hierarchical Modeling and Empirical
BayesAnalysis in Multivariate Estimation.” 2015. Web. 27 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Wang X. Robust Bayes in Hierarchical Modeling and Empirical
BayesAnalysis in Multivariate Estimation. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. The Ohio State University; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 27].
Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1449069220.
Council of Science Editors:
Wang X. Robust Bayes in Hierarchical Modeling and Empirical
BayesAnalysis in Multivariate Estimation. [Doctoral Dissertation]. The Ohio State University; 2015. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1449069220
University of Alberta
5.
Li, Ran.
Safety Effects of Automated Mobile Photo Enforcement.
Degree: MS, Department of Civil and Environmental
Engineering, 2014, University of Alberta
URL: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/mg74qm51p
► This thesis evaluated the safety effects of automated mobile enforcement at both the segment-based level and city-wide level over a period of eight years. For…
(more)
▼ This thesis evaluated the safety effects of automated
mobile enforcement at both the segment-based level and city-wide
level over a period of eight years. For the segment-based
evaluation, the before-and-after Empirical Bayes (EB) method was
used to account for the regression-to-the-mean effect and other
confounding factors. Locally developed safety performance functions
and yearly calibration factors for different collision
severities/types were developed by using a group of reference urban
arterial roads. The results showed consistent reductions in
different collision severities/types ranging from 14% to 20%, with
the highest reductions observed for severe (i.e. injury and fatal)
collisions. The comparison between continuous and discontinuous
enforcement strategies on different arterials revealed that
continuous enforcement was far more effective in reducing all
collision severities and types. Moreover, the thesis also validated
the spillover effects on nearby segments. For the city-wide
evaluation, generalized linear regression models were adopted to
investigate the relationship between the enforcement variables and
the monthly number of collisions. It was found that both the
deployment hours and the number of issued tickets had an inverse
relationship with the collision frequency. The analysis results
also suggested that 1,500 hours of deployment should be the
threshold to guarantee significant impacts on collision
reduction.
Subjects/Keywords: Empirical Bayes; photo enforcement; before-and-after evaluation; traffic safety
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APA ·
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Li, R. (2014). Safety Effects of Automated Mobile Photo Enforcement. (Masters Thesis). University of Alberta. Retrieved from https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/mg74qm51p
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Li, Ran. “Safety Effects of Automated Mobile Photo Enforcement.” 2014. Masters Thesis, University of Alberta. Accessed January 27, 2021.
https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/mg74qm51p.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Li, Ran. “Safety Effects of Automated Mobile Photo Enforcement.” 2014. Web. 27 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Li R. Safety Effects of Automated Mobile Photo Enforcement. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Alberta; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 27].
Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/mg74qm51p.
Council of Science Editors:
Li R. Safety Effects of Automated Mobile Photo Enforcement. [Masters Thesis]. University of Alberta; 2014. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/mg74qm51p
Vanderbilt University
6.
Smith, Derek Kyle.
Empirical Bayes Methods for Everyday Statistical Problems.
Degree: PhD, Biostatistics, 2017, Vanderbilt University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1803/15344
► This work develops an empirical Bayes approach to statistical difficulties that arise in real-world applications. Empirical Bayes methods use Bayesian machinery to obtain statistical estimates,…
(more)
▼ This work develops an
empirical Bayes approach to statistical difficulties that arise in real-world applications.
Empirical Bayes methods use Bayesian machinery to obtain statistical estimates, but rather than having a prior distribution for model parameters that is assumed, the prior is estimated from the observed data. Misuse of these methods as though the resulting “posterior distributions” were true
Bayes posteriors has lead to limited adoption, but careful application can result in improved point estimation in a wide variety of circumstances.
The first problem solved via an
empirical Bayes approach deals with surrogate outcome measures. Theory for using surrogate outcomes for inference in clinical trials has been developed over the last 30 years starting with the development of the Prentice criteria for surrogate outcomes in 1989. Theory for using surrogates outside of the clinical trials arena or to develop risk score models is lacking. In this work we propose criteria similar to the Prentice criteria for using surrogates to develop risk scores. We then identify a particular type of surrogate which violates the proposed criteria in a particular way, which we deem a partial surrogate. The behavior of partial surrogates is investigated through a series of simulation studies and an
empirical Bayes weighting scheme is developed which alleviates their pathologic behavior. It is then hypothesized that a common clinical measure, change in perioperative serum creatinine level from baseline, is actually a partial surrogate. It is demonstrated that it displays the same sort of pathologic behaviors seen in the simulation study and that they are similarly rectified using the proposed method. The result is a more acurate predictive model for both short and long-term measure of kidney function.
The second problem solved deals with likelihood support intervals. Likelihood intervals are a way to quantify statistical uncertainty. Unlike other, more common methods for interval estimation, every value that is included in a support interval must be supported by the data at a specified level. Support intervals have not seen wide usage in practice due to a philosophic belief amongst many in the field that frequency-based or probabilistic inference is somehow stronger than inference based soley on the likelihood. In this work we develop a novel procedure based on the bootstrap for estimating the frequency characteristics of likelihood intervals. The resulting intervals have both the frequency properties of the set prized by frequentists as well as each individual member of the set attaining a specified support level. An R package, supportInt, was developed to calculate these intervals and published on the Comprehensive R Archive Network.
The third problem addressed deals with the design of clinical trials when the potential protocols for the intervention are highly variable. A meta-analysis is presented in which the difficulties this situation presents becomes apparent. The results of this analysis of randomized trials of…
Advisors/Committee Members: Jeffrey Blume (committee member), Sonya Sterba (committee member), Robert Greevy (committee member), William Dupont (Committee Chair).
Subjects/Keywords: empirical bayes; shrinkage; probabilistic calibration; clinical trial design; acute kidney injury
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APA (6th Edition):
Smith, D. K. (2017). Empirical Bayes Methods for Everyday Statistical Problems. (Doctoral Dissertation). Vanderbilt University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1803/15344
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Smith, Derek Kyle. “Empirical Bayes Methods for Everyday Statistical Problems.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, Vanderbilt University. Accessed January 27, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1803/15344.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Smith, Derek Kyle. “Empirical Bayes Methods for Everyday Statistical Problems.” 2017. Web. 27 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Smith DK. Empirical Bayes Methods for Everyday Statistical Problems. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Vanderbilt University; 2017. [cited 2021 Jan 27].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1803/15344.
Council of Science Editors:
Smith DK. Empirical Bayes Methods for Everyday Statistical Problems. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Vanderbilt University; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1803/15344
University of Saskatchewan
7.
Takyi, Emmanuel Ali 1987-.
Macro-Level Collision and Crime Analysis: Case Study for the City of Regina.
Degree: 2017, University of Saskatchewan
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10388/7804
► Traffic collisions and crimes are issues of concern in most neighbourhoods and cities and they are certainly a concern for the City of Regina. The…
(more)
▼ Traffic collisions and crimes are issues of concern in most neighbourhoods and cities and they are certainly a concern for the City of Regina. The traditional approach to either preventing or reducing the severity of collisions and crimes has been a reactive one: identifying locations as problematic based on historical data before taking action. An advanced and recently introduced approach for dealing with the issues of collision and crime is the Data-Driven Approaches to Crime and Traffic Safety (DDACTS). DDACTS is a proactive, place-based approach that identifies problematic locations that require interventions. Results from a macro-level analysis are used for planning purposes.
Traffic Analysis Zones for the City of Regina were considered in this research. Traffic Analysis Zones are a spatial aggregation of census blocks and are, in part, a function of population, used by city planners, for planning new neighbourhoods and resource allocation, as well as by transportation officials for tabulating traffic-related data. Traffic Analysis Zones level collision and crime prediction models have been developed to estimate safety and security effects of neighbourhood level land use, socio-economic factors, road network characteristics, and demographic variables on collisions and crimes. Furthermore, the
Empirical Bayes technique are adopted to estimate expected frequencies of collisions and crimes. The expected frequencies are used in determining hotspots that require enforcement and countermeasures.
The Negative Binomial modeling technique was adopted in this study to predict numbers of collisions and crimes. Models were calibrated and validated using multiple goodness-of-fit tests. Results from the goodness-of-fit tests were used as basis to determine the best model for predicting each type of collision and crime. Maps were then created to display both spatial patterns and spatio-temporal trends of collisions and crimes. Traffic Analysis Zones with significant frequencies of collisions and crimes, both separately and in unison, were then identified.
Some of the conclusions drawn from the collision prediction models include: both intersection density and intersection road density had positive associations with collisions; and when comparing 3-leg and 4-leg intersections, 3-leg intersections had fewer safety concerns. Also, low density residential areas have collision reduction effects. Results from collision prediction models developed in this study can help transportation engineering officials, and city planners in traffic safety decision. At the planning stage of new neighbourhoods, the safety effects of individual predictors or sets of predictors can be determined by creating multiple scenarios that involve interested sets of variables.
The developed crime models provided information about how land use type, socio-demographics, and residential land use type influence different crime types. Some conclusion drawn include the following: commercial areas and retail spaces were target areas for high numbers of violent…
Advisors/Committee Members: Park, Peter Y, Mazurek, Kerry, Elshorbagy, Amin, Akkerman, Avi.
Subjects/Keywords: Collision
Crimes
Prediction
Analysis
Empirical Bayes
Data-Driven
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Takyi, E. A. 1. (2017). Macro-Level Collision and Crime Analysis: Case Study for the City of Regina. (Thesis). University of Saskatchewan. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10388/7804
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Takyi, Emmanuel Ali 1987-. “Macro-Level Collision and Crime Analysis: Case Study for the City of Regina.” 2017. Thesis, University of Saskatchewan. Accessed January 27, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10388/7804.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Takyi, Emmanuel Ali 1987-. “Macro-Level Collision and Crime Analysis: Case Study for the City of Regina.” 2017. Web. 27 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Takyi EA1. Macro-Level Collision and Crime Analysis: Case Study for the City of Regina. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Saskatchewan; 2017. [cited 2021 Jan 27].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10388/7804.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Takyi EA1. Macro-Level Collision and Crime Analysis: Case Study for the City of Regina. [Thesis]. University of Saskatchewan; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10388/7804
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of Guelph
8.
Ramadan, Anas.
EMPIRICAL BAYES NONPARAMETRIC DENSITY ESTIMATION OF CROP YIELD DENSITIES: RATING CROP INSURANCE CONTRACTS.
Degree: MS, Department of Food, Agricultural and Resource Economics, 2011, University of Guelph
URL: https://atrium.lib.uoguelph.ca/xmlui/handle/10214/3020
► This thesis examines a newly proposed density estimator in order to evaluate its usefulness for government crop insurance programs confronted by the problem of adverse…
(more)
▼ This thesis examines a newly proposed density estimator in order to evaluate its usefulness for government crop insurance programs confronted by the problem of adverse selection. While the Federal Crop Insurance Corporation (FCIC) offers multiple insurance programs including Group Risk Plan (GRP), what is needed is a more accurate method of estimating actuarially fair premium rates in order to eliminate adverse selection. The
Empirical Bayes Nonparametric Kernel Density Estimator (EBNKDE) showed a substantial efficiency gain in estimating crop yield densities. The objective of this research was to apply EBNKDE empirically by means of a simulated game wherein I assumed the role of a private insurance company in order to test for profit gains from the greater efficiency and accuracy promised by using EBNKDE. Employing EBNKDE as well as parametric and nonparametric methods, premium insurance rates for 97 Illinois counties for the years 1991 to 2010 were estimated using corn yield data from 1955 to 2010 taken from the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS). The results of this research revealed substantial efficiency gain from using EBNKDE as opposed to other estimators such as Normal, Weibull, and Kernel Density Estimator (KDE). Still, further research using other crops yield data from other states will provide greater insight into EBNKDE and its performance in other situations.
Advisors/Committee Members: Ker, Alan (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Empirical Bayes Nonparametric Kernel Density Estimation; crop yield; insurance
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APA (6th Edition):
Ramadan, A. (2011). EMPIRICAL BAYES NONPARAMETRIC DENSITY ESTIMATION OF CROP YIELD DENSITIES: RATING CROP INSURANCE CONTRACTS. (Masters Thesis). University of Guelph. Retrieved from https://atrium.lib.uoguelph.ca/xmlui/handle/10214/3020
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Ramadan, Anas. “EMPIRICAL BAYES NONPARAMETRIC DENSITY ESTIMATION OF CROP YIELD DENSITIES: RATING CROP INSURANCE CONTRACTS.” 2011. Masters Thesis, University of Guelph. Accessed January 27, 2021.
https://atrium.lib.uoguelph.ca/xmlui/handle/10214/3020.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Ramadan, Anas. “EMPIRICAL BAYES NONPARAMETRIC DENSITY ESTIMATION OF CROP YIELD DENSITIES: RATING CROP INSURANCE CONTRACTS.” 2011. Web. 27 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Ramadan A. EMPIRICAL BAYES NONPARAMETRIC DENSITY ESTIMATION OF CROP YIELD DENSITIES: RATING CROP INSURANCE CONTRACTS. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Guelph; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 27].
Available from: https://atrium.lib.uoguelph.ca/xmlui/handle/10214/3020.
Council of Science Editors:
Ramadan A. EMPIRICAL BAYES NONPARAMETRIC DENSITY ESTIMATION OF CROP YIELD DENSITIES: RATING CROP INSURANCE CONTRACTS. [Masters Thesis]. University of Guelph; 2011. Available from: https://atrium.lib.uoguelph.ca/xmlui/handle/10214/3020
Boston University
9.
Bruhn, Jesse.
Essays on crime and education.
Degree: PhD, Economics, 2019, Boston University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2144/39488
► This dissertation consists of three chapters exploring education and crime in the modern economy. The first two chapters focus on inter-district school choice and teacher…
(more)
▼ This dissertation consists of three chapters exploring education and crime in the modern economy. The first two chapters focus on inter-district school choice and teacher labor markets in Massachusetts. The third chapter examines the demolition of public housing in Chicago and its interaction with the geospatial distribution of gang territory.
In the first chapter, I study the sorting of students to school districts using new lottery data from an inter-district school choice program. I find that moving to a more preferred school district generates benefits to student test scores, coursework quality, high-school graduation, and college attendance. Motivated by these findings, I develop a rich model of treatment effect heterogeneity and estimate it using a new
empirical-
Bayes-type procedure that leverages non-experimental data to increase precision in quasi-experimental designs. I use the heterogeneous effects to show that nearly all the test score gains from the choice program emerge from Roy selection.
In the second chapter (joint with Scott Imberman and Marcus Winters), we describe the relationship between school quality, teacher value-added, and teacher attrition across the public and charter sectors. We begin by documenting important differences in the sources of variation that explain attrition across sectors. Next we demonstrate that while charters are in fact more likely to remove their worst teachers, they are also more likely to lose their best. We conclude by exploring the type and quality of destination schools among teachers who move.
In the third chapter, I study the demolition of 22,000 units of public housing on crime in Chicago. Point estimates that incorporate both the direct and spillover effects indicate that in the short run, the average demolition increased city-wide crime by 0.5% per month relative to baseline, with no evidence of offsetting long run reductions. I also provide evidence that spillovers are mediated by demolition-induced migration across gang territorial boundaries. I reconcile my findings with contradictory results from the existing literature by proposing and applying a test for control group contamination. I find that existing results are likely biased by previously unaccounted for spillovers.
Advisors/Committee Members: Lang, Kevin (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Labor economics; Bayesian; Crime; Economics; Education; Empirical Bayes; Labor
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APA (6th Edition):
Bruhn, J. (2019). Essays on crime and education. (Doctoral Dissertation). Boston University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2144/39488
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Bruhn, Jesse. “Essays on crime and education.” 2019. Doctoral Dissertation, Boston University. Accessed January 27, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2144/39488.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Bruhn, Jesse. “Essays on crime and education.” 2019. Web. 27 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Bruhn J. Essays on crime and education. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Boston University; 2019. [cited 2021 Jan 27].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2144/39488.
Council of Science Editors:
Bruhn J. Essays on crime and education. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Boston University; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2144/39488
Univerzitet u Beogradu
10.
Savićević, Milan I., 1988-.
Ефективност замене раскрсница са директним укрштањем
токова кружним раскрсницама са аспекта безбедности
саобраћаја.
Degree: Saobraćajni fakultet, 2018, Univerzitet u Beogradu
URL: https://fedorabg.bg.ac.rs/fedora/get/o:18263/bdef:Content/get
► Безбедност саобраћаја-Превентива и безбедност у саобраћају / Traffic Safety- Preventive and Traffic Safety
Раскрснице представљају велики безбедносни проблем у саобраћају с обзиром да је на…
(more)
▼ Безбедност саобраћаја-Превентива и безбедност у
саобраћају / Traffic Safety- Preventive and Traffic
Safety
Раскрснице представљају велики безбедносни проблем
у саобраћају с обзиром да је на њима због конфликата токова који се
укрштају повећан ризик од настанка саобраћајних незгода. Различите
спроведене студије у свету указују на чињеницу да се на кружним
раскрсницама бележи мањи број саобраћајних незгода у односу на
раскрснице са директним укрштањем токова. Међутим, у свим овим
студијама примећено је да приликом истраживања у обзир нису узимани
ефекти других мера или околности које би такође могле имати утицај
на безбедност саобраћаја. У овој докторској дисертацији су најпре
размотрене све безбедносне карактеристике кружних раскрсница, да би
након тога био представљен нови модел за рачунање ефеката
конверзије раскрсница са директним укрштањем токова у кружне, којим
се могу израчунати ефекти саме конверзије, не рачунајући споредне
ефекте. Поред тога, применом новог модела израчунати су ефекти
различитих група кружних раскрсница на основу којих је могуће
утврдити код којих раскрсница се постиже најбоља ефективност у
погледу смањења броја саобраћајних незгода и настрадалих лица.
Поред научног, ова докторска дисертација има и практичан значај јер
резултати њеног истраживања могу помоћи досносиоцима одлука у
саобраћају како да правилно усмере расположива средства за
унапређење безбедности у саобраћају.
Advisors/Committee Members: Vujanić, Milan P., 1948-.
Subjects/Keywords: Traffic safety; roundabouts; conversion; effectiveness;
traffic accidents; Empirical Bayes method
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Chicago ·
MLA ·
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CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
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APA (6th Edition):
Savićević, Milan I., 1. (2018). Ефективност замене раскрсница са директним укрштањем
токова кружним раскрсницама са аспекта безбедности
саобраћаја. (Thesis). Univerzitet u Beogradu. Retrieved from https://fedorabg.bg.ac.rs/fedora/get/o:18263/bdef:Content/get
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Savićević, Milan I., 1988-. “Ефективност замене раскрсница са директним укрштањем
токова кружним раскрсницама са аспекта безбедности
саобраћаја.” 2018. Thesis, Univerzitet u Beogradu. Accessed January 27, 2021.
https://fedorabg.bg.ac.rs/fedora/get/o:18263/bdef:Content/get.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Savićević, Milan I., 1988-. “Ефективност замене раскрсница са директним укрштањем
токова кружним раскрсницама са аспекта безбедности
саобраћаја.” 2018. Web. 27 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Savićević, Milan I. 1. Ефективност замене раскрсница са директним укрштањем
токова кружним раскрсницама са аспекта безбедности
саобраћаја. [Internet] [Thesis]. Univerzitet u Beogradu; 2018. [cited 2021 Jan 27].
Available from: https://fedorabg.bg.ac.rs/fedora/get/o:18263/bdef:Content/get.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Savićević, Milan I. 1. Ефективност замене раскрсница са директним укрштањем
токова кружним раскрсницама са аспекта безбедности
саобраћаја. [Thesis]. Univerzitet u Beogradu; 2018. Available from: https://fedorabg.bg.ac.rs/fedora/get/o:18263/bdef:Content/get
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Florida International University
11.
Llau, Anthoni.
The Impact of Red Light Cameras on Injury Crashes within Miami-Dade County, Florida.
Degree: PhD, Public Health, 2015, Florida International University
URL: https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2240
;
10.25148/etd.FIDC000059
;
FIDC000059
► Previous red light camera (RLC) studies have shown reductions in violations and overall and right angle collisions, however, they may also result in increases…
(more)
▼ Previous red light camera (RLC) studies have shown reductions in violations and overall and right angle collisions, however, they may also result in increases in rear-end crashes (Retting & Kyrychenko, 2002; Retting & Ferguson, 2003). Despite their apparent effectiveness, many RLC studies have produced imprecise findings due to inappropriate study designs and/or statistical techniques to control for biases (Retting & Kyrychenko, 2002), therefore, a more comprehensive approach is needed to accurately assess whether they reduce motor vehicle injury collisions. The objective of this proposal is to assess whether RLC’s improve safety at signalized intersections within Miami-Dade County, Florida. Twenty signalized intersections with RLC’s initiating enforcement on January 1st, 2011 were matched to two comparison sites located at least two miles from camera sites to minimize spillover effect. An
Empirical Bayes analysis was used to account for regression to the mean. Incidences of all injury, red light running related injury, right-angle/turning, and rear-end collisions were examined. An index of effectiveness along with 95% CI’s were calculated.
During the first year of camera enforcement, RLC sites experienced a marginal decrease in right-angle/turn collisions, a significant increase in rear-end collisions, and significant decreases in all-injury and red light running-related injury collisions. An increase in right-angle/turning and rear-end collisions at the RLC sites was observed after two years despite camera enforcement. A significant reduction in red light running-related injury crashes, however, was still observed after two years. A non-significant decline in all injury collisions was also noted.
Findings of this research indicate RLC’s reduced red light running-related injury collisions at camera sites, yet its tradeoff was a large increase in rear-end collisions. Further, there was inconclusive evidence whether RLC’s affected right-angle/turning and all injury collisions. Statutory changes in crash reporting during the second year of camera enforcement affected the incidence of right-angle and rear-end collisions, nevertheless, a novelty effect could not be ruled out. A limitation of this study was the small number of injury crashes at each site. In conclusion, future research should consider events such as low frequencies of severe injury/fatal collisions and changes in crash reporting requirements when conducting RLC analyses.
Advisors/Committee Members: Nasar U Ahmed, Hafiz MR Khan, Vukosava Pekovic, Fabian G Cevallos.
Subjects/Keywords: injuries; crashes; empirical bayes; red light cameras; motor vehicle; Epidemiology
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APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
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CSE |
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APA (6th Edition):
Llau, A. (2015). The Impact of Red Light Cameras on Injury Crashes within Miami-Dade County, Florida. (Doctoral Dissertation). Florida International University. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2240 ; 10.25148/etd.FIDC000059 ; FIDC000059
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Llau, Anthoni. “The Impact of Red Light Cameras on Injury Crashes within Miami-Dade County, Florida.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, Florida International University. Accessed January 27, 2021.
https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2240 ; 10.25148/etd.FIDC000059 ; FIDC000059.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Llau, Anthoni. “The Impact of Red Light Cameras on Injury Crashes within Miami-Dade County, Florida.” 2015. Web. 27 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Llau A. The Impact of Red Light Cameras on Injury Crashes within Miami-Dade County, Florida. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Florida International University; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 27].
Available from: https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2240 ; 10.25148/etd.FIDC000059 ; FIDC000059.
Council of Science Editors:
Llau A. The Impact of Red Light Cameras on Injury Crashes within Miami-Dade County, Florida. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Florida International University; 2015. Available from: https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2240 ; 10.25148/etd.FIDC000059 ; FIDC000059
University of Melbourne
12.
PHIPSON, BELINDA.
Empirical bayes modelling of expression profiles and their associations.
Degree: 2013, University of Melbourne
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11343/38162
► New biotechnology developments such as the microarray, and more recently, next generation sequencing, have necessitated the need for new statistical methodologies to be developed. These…
(more)
▼ New biotechnology developments such as the microarray, and more recently, next generation sequencing, have necessitated the need for new statistical methodologies to be developed. These methods are designed to combat unique issues present in the data generated by these technologies. They provide the perfect environment for information sharing strategies, such as empirical Bayes methods, due to the large numbers of simulataneous tests performed.
We explore different estimators of the proportion of true null hypotheses and develop a fast and accurate estimator which is valid for any number of p-values. This estimator is based on local false discovery rates and is used in several of the proceeding sections.
Another interest is in developing robust hyper-parameter estimators in an empirical Bayes hierarchical model setting. An estimator for the prior degrees of freedom which is robust to outliers is developed using two different approaches. This has the effect that highly variable genes are unlikely to be significantly differentially expressed, as well as increasing power to detect differential expression.
The second half of the thesis focuses on gaining more information from the log fold changes obtained from microarray and sequencing experiments. More accurate log fold changes are developed for microarrays and RNA sequencing data, which provide additional information for ranking top differentially expressed genes. The new measure, called predictive log fold change, arises from the posterior distribution of the log fold changes.
The relationship between two gene expression profiles is quantified when the p-values obtained from testing two hypotheses are not independent. This arises when two genotypes are compared to a common control group. The method is based on separating the true biological correlation from the technical correlation of the log fold changes. The hyperparameters of the prior distribution for the log fold changes need to be estimated in order to get an estimate of the biological correlation. This is possible since we show that the two dependent moderated t statistics have a scaled multivariate t distribution.
The methods developed in this thesis are tested using simulations and applied to data sets collected in collaboration with biologists at The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research.
Subjects/Keywords: empirical bayes; bayesian analysis; gene expression; sequencing; microarrays; bioinformatics
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APA ·
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
PHIPSON, B. (2013). Empirical bayes modelling of expression profiles and their associations. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Melbourne. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11343/38162
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
PHIPSON, BELINDA. “Empirical bayes modelling of expression profiles and their associations.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Melbourne. Accessed January 27, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/11343/38162.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
PHIPSON, BELINDA. “Empirical bayes modelling of expression profiles and their associations.” 2013. Web. 27 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
PHIPSON B. Empirical bayes modelling of expression profiles and their associations. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Melbourne; 2013. [cited 2021 Jan 27].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11343/38162.
Council of Science Editors:
PHIPSON B. Empirical bayes modelling of expression profiles and their associations. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Melbourne; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11343/38162
University of Southern California
13.
Daley, Timothy Patrick.
Non-parametric models for large capture-recapture
experiments with applications to DNA sequencing.
Degree: PhD, Applied Mathematics, 2014, University of Southern California
URL: http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15799coll3/id/509434/rec/4441
► Consider an experiment where observations are sampled or arrive from an unknown population made up of a finite but unknown number of classes. The class…
(more)
▼ Consider an experiment where observations are sampled
or arrive from an unknown population made up of a finite but
unknown number of classes. The class membership of an observation
can be determined upon sampling but the unobserved classes are
completely unknown. For example when capturing butterflies to
assess the species diversity, it is not difficult to distinguish a
new species of butterfly but hard to know beforehand what an unseen
species of butterfly will look like. This is commonly known as a
capture-recapture experiment. The classical application is to
estimate the diversity of species, i.e. the total number of
distinct species, without exhaustive sampling. Additional questions
that can be posed are evaluation of the cost versus benefit of
additional sampling or continuing the experiment, where benefit is
measured in number of distinct classes observed, or to estimate the
relative abundance of classes, including the unobserved classes. ❧
The generality of the capture-recapture model results in a wide
range of applications, a large number of which can be found in
Bunge & Fitzpatrick (1993). A few more recent examples of
applications include estimating immunological repertoire,
estimating genomic diversity, natural language modeling, and
estimating bacterial diversity. ❧ Our interest in capture-recapture
arises in the context of high-throughput next-generation sequencing
experiments. In these experiments a sequencing library is generated
by first obtaining genomic material, then possibly subjecting it to
processing steps such as poly(A) selection for mRNA-seq or
chromatin immunoprecipitation for ChIP-seq. The genomic material is
amplified so that thousands or millions of copies of each original
genomic molecule is contained in the library. Finally the library
is sequenced by capturing or sampling molecules and identifying
portions of their genomic sequence. The obtained sequences have
errors arising from miscalled bases or misincorporated nucleotides
or mutations in the amplification process. This means that mapping
to a reference genome or sequence correction is necessary to
identify duplicate reads or molecules. ❧ The model we assume
throughout is that the number of sequenced reads mapping to each
position in the genome follows a Poisson process, with the
possibility that some positions are not present in the library. If
all positions are uniformly represented in the library then the
number of sequenced reads from each position follows a Poisson
distribution. This is commonly referred to as the Lander-Waterman
model of sequencing, originally derived to enable planning of
fingerprinting schemes for genome assembly. In such cases the
genome was built by overlapping long genomic segments sequenced by
Sanger technology. With a reference genome the need for overlap
analysis is gone so that the distribution of the number of reads
covering each position is a Poisson. In the context of
high-throughput sequencing, the uniformity assumption is lost due
to a myriad of biases, requiring more complicated models that can…
Advisors/Committee Members: Waterman, Michael S.Smith, Andrew D. (Committee Chair), Lototsky, Sergey V. (Committee Member).
Subjects/Keywords: non-parametric; empirical Bayes; DNA sequencing; capture-recapture
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APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
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Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Daley, T. P. (2014). Non-parametric models for large capture-recapture
experiments with applications to DNA sequencing. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Southern California. Retrieved from http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15799coll3/id/509434/rec/4441
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Daley, Timothy Patrick. “Non-parametric models for large capture-recapture
experiments with applications to DNA sequencing.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Southern California. Accessed January 27, 2021.
http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15799coll3/id/509434/rec/4441.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Daley, Timothy Patrick. “Non-parametric models for large capture-recapture
experiments with applications to DNA sequencing.” 2014. Web. 27 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Daley TP. Non-parametric models for large capture-recapture
experiments with applications to DNA sequencing. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Southern California; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 27].
Available from: http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15799coll3/id/509434/rec/4441.
Council of Science Editors:
Daley TP. Non-parametric models for large capture-recapture
experiments with applications to DNA sequencing. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Southern California; 2014. Available from: http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15799coll3/id/509434/rec/4441
University of Louisville
14.
Yang, Dake.
Consistency of differentially expressed gene rankings based on subsets of microarray data.
Degree: MS, 2011, University of Louisville
URL: 10.18297/etd/1615
;
https://ir.library.louisville.edu/etd/1615
► Data derived from gene expression microarrays are frequently used to identify candidate genes which can characterize and distinguish between two biological phenotypes. A key…
(more)
▼ Data derived from gene expression microarrays are frequently used to identify candidate genes which can characterize and distinguish between two biological phenotypes. A key step in this process is the selection of an appropriate test statistic to identify which genes are differentially expressed between the two tissues. Although many methods have been explicitly developed for this purpose, the traditional (-test still remains a popular choice. In this study, we evaluate the
empirical impact of choice of test-statistic on the resulting list of differentially expressed genes, in particular when the available sample size is small. We evaluated several different methods for detecting differentially expressed genes (t-test,
empirical Bayes, and SAM) using ten different publicly available data sets. First, we obtained gene lists based on the full data using the different methods. Then, we selected subsamples from the full data, and obtained gene lists based on these subsamples. The consistency was quantified using several scores. Factors evaluated in the
empirical study included the size of the subset and the length of the differentially expressed gene list. We found that when the sample size of the subset is small, the resulting gene list based on the t-test has a very low consistency, while
empirical Bayes and SAM have much higher consistencies. This result is particularly evident when considering only the top ranked genes. When sample sizes are larger, all three methods have the same performance. We recommend that investigators use these moderated versions in lieu of the t-test when the sample size is small.
Advisors/Committee Members: Brock, Guy.
Subjects/Keywords: Microarray; Empirical Bayes; Differentially expressed; Consistency; T-test; SAM
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APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
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CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Yang, D. (2011). Consistency of differentially expressed gene rankings based on subsets of microarray data. (Masters Thesis). University of Louisville. Retrieved from 10.18297/etd/1615 ; https://ir.library.louisville.edu/etd/1615
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Yang, Dake. “Consistency of differentially expressed gene rankings based on subsets of microarray data.” 2011. Masters Thesis, University of Louisville. Accessed January 27, 2021.
10.18297/etd/1615 ; https://ir.library.louisville.edu/etd/1615.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Yang, Dake. “Consistency of differentially expressed gene rankings based on subsets of microarray data.” 2011. Web. 27 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Yang D. Consistency of differentially expressed gene rankings based on subsets of microarray data. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Louisville; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 27].
Available from: 10.18297/etd/1615 ; https://ir.library.louisville.edu/etd/1615.
Council of Science Editors:
Yang D. Consistency of differentially expressed gene rankings based on subsets of microarray data. [Masters Thesis]. University of Louisville; 2011. Available from: 10.18297/etd/1615 ; https://ir.library.louisville.edu/etd/1615
Georgia State University
15.
Sarkar, Sunanda.
Spatial Analysis of County Level Drug Overdose Deaths and Associated Factors, Over Two Time Periods in the United States.
Degree: MPH, Public Health, 2019, Georgia State University
URL: https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/iph_theses/642
► ABSTRACT Spatial Analysis of County Level Drug Overdose Deaths and Associated Factors, Over Two Time Periods in the United States By SUNANDA SARKAR April…
(more)
▼ ABSTRACT
Spatial Analysis of County Level Drug Overdose Deaths and Associated Factors, Over Two Time Periods in the United States
By
SUNANDA SARKAR
April 18, 2019
INTRODUCTION: Recently, drug overdose is being considered as an important public health issue, the magnitude of which is yet to be adequately explored. The United States is experiencing a wide range of drug overdose problems over the past decades, where fatal overdoses have tripled from 1999 to 2016. Geographic approaches to drug overdose death research have emerged in recent years. Studies demonstrated that overdose mortalities are not equally distributed across different geographic areas. Therefore, it is important to consider geographic variations to inform effective prevention and treatment of drug overdoses and prevent premature deaths.
AIM: The aim is to explore spatial distribution of county level drug overdose death rates in the contiguous U.S. over two 5-year time intervals (2007-2011 and 2012-2016); identify and evaluate the extent to which the county level socio-economic and socio-demographic factors are associated with the spatial patterning and explain it.
METHODS: Exploratory spatial cluster analysis was performed to determine whether patterns of observed drug overdose mortality are spatially random or not over two time periods. Both traditional and
Empirical Bayes standardization methods were used for spatial autocorrelation test. To determine any change over time, observations in the data are stacked based on time. Time stacked spatial regression analysis was performed to determine the associations between several county level socio-economic and socio-demographic factors and drug overdose death rates in the U.S.
RESULTS: Mean drug overdose death rate increased from early to late time period. Results indicates the presence of significant (at 5% significance level) spatial autocorrelation among the adjacent counties in the drug overdose death rates, and this spatial pattern differs in two time periods. Finally, spatial regression indicates that the effect of different contextual factors are heterogenous over time and across different population.
CONCLUSION: Findings may help inform efforts to prevent, diagnose or treat drug overdoses ahead of time, thus prevent premature deaths by understanding the geographic variations and identifying the areas with growing burdens. Studies focusing on similar associations across different age-groups and insured group may provide better insight.
Advisors/Committee Members: Lee Rivers Mobley, PhD, Ruiyan Luo, PhD.
Subjects/Keywords: Drug overdose; Spatial autocorrelation; Spatial regression; Empirical Bayes method
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APA ·
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MLA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Sarkar, S. (2019). Spatial Analysis of County Level Drug Overdose Deaths and Associated Factors, Over Two Time Periods in the United States. (Thesis). Georgia State University. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/iph_theses/642
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Sarkar, Sunanda. “Spatial Analysis of County Level Drug Overdose Deaths and Associated Factors, Over Two Time Periods in the United States.” 2019. Thesis, Georgia State University. Accessed January 27, 2021.
https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/iph_theses/642.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Sarkar, Sunanda. “Spatial Analysis of County Level Drug Overdose Deaths and Associated Factors, Over Two Time Periods in the United States.” 2019. Web. 27 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Sarkar S. Spatial Analysis of County Level Drug Overdose Deaths and Associated Factors, Over Two Time Periods in the United States. [Internet] [Thesis]. Georgia State University; 2019. [cited 2021 Jan 27].
Available from: https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/iph_theses/642.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Sarkar S. Spatial Analysis of County Level Drug Overdose Deaths and Associated Factors, Over Two Time Periods in the United States. [Thesis]. Georgia State University; 2019. Available from: https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/iph_theses/642
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Utah State University
16.
Lloyd, Holly.
A Comprehensive Safety Analysis of Diverging Diamond Interchanges.
Degree: MS, Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2016, Utah State University
URL: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/5073
► As the population grows and the travel demands increase, alternative interchange designs are becoming increasingly popular. The diverging diamond interchange is one alternative design…
(more)
▼ As the population grows and the travel demands increase, alternative interchange designs are becoming increasingly popular. The diverging diamond interchange is one alternative design that has been implemented in the United States. This design can accommodate higher flow and unbalanced flow as well as improve safety at the interchange. As the diverging diamond interchange is increasingly considered as a possible solution to problematic interchange locations, it is imperative to investigate the safety effects of this interchange configuration. This report describes the selection of a comparison group of urban diamond interchanges, crash data collection, calibration of functions used to estimate the predicted crash rate in the before and after periods and the
Empirical Bayes before and after analysis technique used to determine the safety effectiveness of the diverging diamond interchanges in Utah. A discussion of pedestrian and cyclist safety is also included. The analysis results demonstrated statistically significant decreases in crashes at most of the locations studied. This analysis can be used by UDOT and other transportation agencies as they consider the implementation of the diverging diamond interchanges in the future.
Advisors/Committee Members: Ziqi Song, ;.
Subjects/Keywords: diverging diamond interchange; safety; empirical bayes; before-after; Civil Engineering
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APA (6th Edition):
Lloyd, H. (2016). A Comprehensive Safety Analysis of Diverging Diamond Interchanges. (Masters Thesis). Utah State University. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/5073
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Lloyd, Holly. “A Comprehensive Safety Analysis of Diverging Diamond Interchanges.” 2016. Masters Thesis, Utah State University. Accessed January 27, 2021.
https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/5073.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Lloyd, Holly. “A Comprehensive Safety Analysis of Diverging Diamond Interchanges.” 2016. Web. 27 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Lloyd H. A Comprehensive Safety Analysis of Diverging Diamond Interchanges. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Utah State University; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 27].
Available from: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/5073.
Council of Science Editors:
Lloyd H. A Comprehensive Safety Analysis of Diverging Diamond Interchanges. [Masters Thesis]. Utah State University; 2016. Available from: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/5073
17.
Zerbeto, Ana Paula.
Melhor preditor empírico aplicado aos modelos beta mistos.
Degree: Mestrado, Estatística, 2014, University of São Paulo
URL: http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/45/45133/tde-09042014-132109/
;
► Os modelos beta mistos são amplamente utilizados na análise de dados que apresentam uma estrutura hierárquica e que assumem valores em um intervalo restrito conhecido.…
(more)
▼ Os modelos beta mistos são amplamente utilizados na análise de dados que apresentam uma estrutura hierárquica e que assumem valores em um intervalo restrito conhecido. Com o objetivo de propor um método de predição dos componentes aleatórios destes, os resultados previamente obtidos na literatura para o preditor de Bayes empírico foram estendidos aos modelos de regressão beta com intercepto aleatório normalmente distribuído. O denominado melhor preditor empírico (MPE) proposto tem aplicação em duas situações diferentes: quando se deseja fazer predição sobre os efeitos individuais de novos elementos de grupos que já fizeram parte da base de ajuste e quando os grupos não pertenceram à tal base. Estudos de simulação foram delineados e seus resultados indicaram que o desempenho do MPE foi eficiente e satisfatório em diversos cenários. Ao utilizar-se da proposta na análise de dois bancos de dados da área da saúde, observou-se os mesmos resultados obtidos nas simulações nos dois casos abordados. Tanto nas simulações, quanto nas análises de dados reais, foram observados bons desempenhos. Assim, a metodologia proposta se mostrou promissora para o uso em modelos beta mistos, nos quais se deseja fazer predições.
The mixed beta regression models are extensively used to analyse data with hierarquical structure and that take values in a restricted and known interval. In order to propose a prediction method for their random components, the results previously obtained in the literature for the empirical Bayes predictor were extended to beta regression models with random intercept normally distributed. The proposed predictor, called empirical best predictor (EBP), can be applied in two situations: when the interest is predict individuals effects for new elements of groups that were already analysed by the fitted model and, also, for elements of new groups. Simulation studies were designed and their results indicated that the performance of EBP was efficient and satisfatory in most of scenarios. Using the propose to analyse two health databases, the same results of simulations were observed in both two cases of application, and good performances were observed. So, the proposed method is promissing for the use in predictions for mixed beta regression models.
Advisors/Committee Members: Giampaoli, Viviana.
Subjects/Keywords: efeitos aleatórios; empirical Bayes predictor; mixed beta regression model; modelo beta misto; predição; prediction; preditor de Bayes empírico; random effects
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APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
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CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Zerbeto, A. P. (2014). Melhor preditor empírico aplicado aos modelos beta mistos. (Masters Thesis). University of São Paulo. Retrieved from http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/45/45133/tde-09042014-132109/ ;
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Zerbeto, Ana Paula. “Melhor preditor empírico aplicado aos modelos beta mistos.” 2014. Masters Thesis, University of São Paulo. Accessed January 27, 2021.
http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/45/45133/tde-09042014-132109/ ;.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Zerbeto, Ana Paula. “Melhor preditor empírico aplicado aos modelos beta mistos.” 2014. Web. 27 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Zerbeto AP. Melhor preditor empírico aplicado aos modelos beta mistos. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of São Paulo; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 27].
Available from: http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/45/45133/tde-09042014-132109/ ;.
Council of Science Editors:
Zerbeto AP. Melhor preditor empírico aplicado aos modelos beta mistos. [Masters Thesis]. University of São Paulo; 2014. Available from: http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/45/45133/tde-09042014-132109/ ;
Brigham Young University
18.
Brimley, Bradford Keith.
Calibration of the Highway Safety Manual Safety Performance Function and Development of Jurisdiction-Specific Models for Rural Two-Lane Two-Way Roads in Utah.
Degree: MS, 2011, Brigham Young University
URL: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3610&context=etd
► This thesis documents the results of the calibration of the Highway Safety Manual (HSM) safety performance function (SPF) for rural two-lane two-way roadway segments in…
(more)
▼ This thesis documents the results of the calibration of the Highway Safety Manual (HSM) safety performance function (SPF) for rural two-lane two-way roadway segments in Utah and the development of new SPFs using negative binomial and hierarchical Bayesian modeling techniques. SPFs estimate the safety of a roadway entity, such as a segment or intersection, in terms of number of crashes. The new SPFs were developed for comparison to the calibrated HSM SPF. This research was performed for the Utah Department of Transportation (UDOT).The study area was the state of Utah. Crash data from 2005-2007 on 157 selected study segments provided a 3-year observed crash frequency to obtain a calibration factor for the HSM SPF and develop new SPFs. The calibration factor for the HSM SPF for rural two-lane two-way roads in Utah is 1.16. This indicates that the HSM underpredicts the number of crashes on rural two-lane two-way roads in Utah by sixteen percent. The new SPFs were developed from the same data that were collected for the HSM calibration, with the addition of new data variables that were hypothesized to have a significant effect on crash frequencies. Negative binomial regression was used to develop four new SPFs, and one additional SPF was developed using hierarchical (or full) Bayesian techniques. The empirical Bayes (EB) method can be applied with each negative binomial SPF because the models include an overdispersion parameter used with the EB method. The hierarchical Bayesian technique is a newer, more mathematically-intense method that accounts for high levels of uncertainty often present in crash modeling. Because the hierarchical Bayesian SPF produces a density function of a predicted crash frequency, a comparison of this density function with an observed crash frequency can help identify segments with significant safety concerns. Each SPF has its own strengths and weaknesses, which include its data requirements and predicting capability. This thesis recommends that UDOT use Equation 5-11 (a new negative binomial SPF) for predicting crashes, because it predicts crashes with reasonable accuracy while requiring much less data than other models. The hierarchical Bayesian process should be used for evaluating observed crash frequencies to identify segments that may benefit from roadway safety improvements.
Subjects/Keywords: safety performance functions; Highway Safety Manual; crash modification factors; negative binomial; empirical Bayes; hierarchical Bayes; safety; Civil and Environmental Engineering
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APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
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CSE |
Export
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Brimley, B. K. (2011). Calibration of the Highway Safety Manual Safety Performance Function and Development of Jurisdiction-Specific Models for Rural Two-Lane Two-Way Roads in Utah. (Masters Thesis). Brigham Young University. Retrieved from https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3610&context=etd
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Brimley, Bradford Keith. “Calibration of the Highway Safety Manual Safety Performance Function and Development of Jurisdiction-Specific Models for Rural Two-Lane Two-Way Roads in Utah.” 2011. Masters Thesis, Brigham Young University. Accessed January 27, 2021.
https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3610&context=etd.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Brimley, Bradford Keith. “Calibration of the Highway Safety Manual Safety Performance Function and Development of Jurisdiction-Specific Models for Rural Two-Lane Two-Way Roads in Utah.” 2011. Web. 27 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Brimley BK. Calibration of the Highway Safety Manual Safety Performance Function and Development of Jurisdiction-Specific Models for Rural Two-Lane Two-Way Roads in Utah. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Brigham Young University; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 27].
Available from: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3610&context=etd.
Council of Science Editors:
Brimley BK. Calibration of the Highway Safety Manual Safety Performance Function and Development of Jurisdiction-Specific Models for Rural Two-Lane Two-Way Roads in Utah. [Masters Thesis]. Brigham Young University; 2011. Available from: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3610&context=etd
University of California – Berkeley
19.
Ruddy, Sean.
Shrinkage of dispersion parameters in the double exponential family of distributions, with applications to genomic sequencing.
Degree: Statistics, 2014, University of California – Berkeley
URL: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/3rv7g03q
► The prevalence of sequencing experiments in genomics has led to an increased use of methods for count data in analyzing high-throughput genomic data to perform…
(more)
▼ The prevalence of sequencing experiments in genomics has led to an increased use of methods for count data in analyzing high-throughput genomic data to perform analyses. The importance of shrinkage methods in improving the performance of statistical methods remains. A common example is that of gene expression data, where the counts per gene are often modeled as some form of an overdispersed Poisson. In this case, shrinkage estimates of the per-gene dispersion parameter have lead to improved estimation of dispersion in the case of a small number of samples. We address a different count setting introduced by the use of sequencing data: comparing differential proportional usage via an overdispersed binomial model. Such a model can be useful for testing differential exon inclusion in mRNA-Seq experiments in addition to the typical differential gene expression analysis. In this setting, there are fewer such shrinkage methods for the dispersion parameter. We introduce a novel method that is developed by modeling the dispersion based on the double exponential family of distributions proposed by Efron (1986), also known as the exponential dispersion model (Jorgensen, 1987). Our methods (WEB-Seq and DEB-Seq) are empirical bayes strategies for producing a shrunken estimate of dispersion that can be applied to any double exponential dispersion family, though we focus on the binomial and poisson. These methods effectively detect differential proportional usage, and have close ties to the weighted likelihood strategy of edgeR developed for gene expression data (Robinson and Smyth, 2007; Robinson et al., 2010). We analyze their behavior on simulated data sets as well as real data for both differential exon usage and differential gene expression. In the exon usage case, we will demonstrate our methods' superior ability to control the FDR and detect truly different features compared to existing methods. In the gene expression setting, our methods fail to control the FDR; however, the rankings of the genes by p-value is among the top performers and proves to be robust to both changes in the probability distribution used to generate the counts and in low sample size situations. We provide implementation of our methods in the R package DoubleExpSeq available from the Comprehensive R Archive Network (CRAN).
Subjects/Keywords: Statistics; Genetics; Biology; Differential Expression; Empirical Bayes; Exon Usage; Overdispersion; RNA-Seq; Shrinkage
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APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
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CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Ruddy, S. (2014). Shrinkage of dispersion parameters in the double exponential family of distributions, with applications to genomic sequencing. (Thesis). University of California – Berkeley. Retrieved from http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/3rv7g03q
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Ruddy, Sean. “Shrinkage of dispersion parameters in the double exponential family of distributions, with applications to genomic sequencing.” 2014. Thesis, University of California – Berkeley. Accessed January 27, 2021.
http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/3rv7g03q.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Ruddy, Sean. “Shrinkage of dispersion parameters in the double exponential family of distributions, with applications to genomic sequencing.” 2014. Web. 27 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Ruddy S. Shrinkage of dispersion parameters in the double exponential family of distributions, with applications to genomic sequencing. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of California – Berkeley; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 27].
Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/3rv7g03q.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Ruddy S. Shrinkage of dispersion parameters in the double exponential family of distributions, with applications to genomic sequencing. [Thesis]. University of California – Berkeley; 2014. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/3rv7g03q
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Penn State University
20.
Wood, Jonathan Sayre.
Causal inference in traffic safety research: comparison of the empirical Bayes and propensity scores-potential outcomes methods.
Degree: 2016, Penn State University
URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/28774
► Accurate estimation of safety treatment effectiveness is an important part of the transportation engineering and research profession. Transportation engineering practitioners use safety treatment effect estimates…
(more)
▼ Accurate estimation of safety treatment effectiveness is an important part of the transportation engineering and research profession. Transportation engineering practitioners use safety treatment effect estimates to identify countermeasures that will mitigate crashes on the highway and street network. Traffic safety researchers develop countermeasure safety effect estimates, so precision and accuracy are both paramount when evaluating treatments. Due to ethical and cost constraints, traffic safety research is limited to observational studies. The current state-of-the-practice to estimate countermeasure safety effectiveness is the
empirical Bayes before-after method. This method has been used in a significant number of research evaluations. An alternative method that has been suggested in recent years is the propensity scores-potential outcomes framework. Both the
empirical Bayes before-after and propensity scores-potential outcomes methods can be conceptualized using the counterfactual framework.
In this thesis, the counterfactuals framework is applied to the
empirical Bayes before-after and propensity scores-potential outcomes methods to describe how to generalize the results of both methods to the population of potential entities that could receive the treatment. The findings indicated that:
1. When the
empirical Bayes method is used, the reference group should be selected using genetic matching;
2. The
empirical Bayes before-after method is accurate for estimating treatment effects when estimating the average treatment effect (ATE) for treatments when the treatment group is selected based on the number of crashes in the before period; and
3. The genetic matching method can be used to accurately estimate treatment effects (ATE) using cross-sectional data when the treatment group is not based on the crash counts in the before period.
Finally, based on these findings, guidelines for developing crash modification factors are provided. Based on these guidelines, a flowchart for determining which analysis method to use is developed.
Advisors/Committee Members: Eric Todd Donnell, Dissertation Advisor/Co-Advisor, Eric Todd Donnell, Committee Chair/Co-Chair, Sukran Ilgin Guler, Committee Member, Martin T Pietrucha, Committee Member, Luke John Keele, Special Member, Glenn A Firebaugh, Special Member.
Subjects/Keywords: Causal inference; empirical Bayes; transportation safety; genetic matching; propensity scores; crash modification factor
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APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Wood, J. S. (2016). Causal inference in traffic safety research: comparison of the empirical Bayes and propensity scores-potential outcomes methods. (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/28774
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Wood, Jonathan Sayre. “Causal inference in traffic safety research: comparison of the empirical Bayes and propensity scores-potential outcomes methods.” 2016. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed January 27, 2021.
https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/28774.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Wood, Jonathan Sayre. “Causal inference in traffic safety research: comparison of the empirical Bayes and propensity scores-potential outcomes methods.” 2016. Web. 27 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Wood JS. Causal inference in traffic safety research: comparison of the empirical Bayes and propensity scores-potential outcomes methods. [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 27].
Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/28774.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Wood JS. Causal inference in traffic safety research: comparison of the empirical Bayes and propensity scores-potential outcomes methods. [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2016. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/28774
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Vilnius University
21.
Jakimauskas, Gintautas.
Duomenų tyrybos empirinių Bajeso metodų tyrimas ir
taikymas.
Degree: Dissertation, Informatics, 2014, Vilnius University
URL: http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140423_090834-67696
;
► Darbo tyrimų objektas yra duomenų tyrybos empiriniai Bajeso metodai ir algoritmai, taikomi didelio matavimų skaičiaus didelių populiacijų duomenų analizei. Darbo tyrimų tikslas yra sudaryti metodus…
(more)
▼ Darbo tyrimų objektas yra duomenų tyrybos
empiriniai Bajeso metodai ir algoritmai, taikomi didelio matavimų
skaičiaus didelių populiacijų duomenų analizei. Darbo tyrimų
tikslas yra sudaryti metodus ir algoritmus didelių populiacijų
neparametrinių hipotezių tikrinimui ir duomenų modelių parametrų
vertinimui. Šiam tikslui pasiekti yra sprendžiami tokie uždaviniai:
1. Sudaryti didelio matavimo duomenų skaidymo algoritmą. 2.
Pritaikyti didelio matavimo duomenų skaidymo algoritmą
neparametrinėms hipotezėms tikrinti. 3. Pritaikyti empirinį Bajeso
metodą daugiamačių duomenų komponenčių nepriklausomumo hipotezei
tikrinti su skirtingais matematiniais modeliais, nustatant optimalų
modelį ir atitinkamą empirinį Bajeso įvertinį. 4. Sudaryti didelių
populiacijų retų įvykių dažnių vertinimo algoritmą panaudojant
empirinį Bajeso metodą palyginant Puasono-gama ir Puasono-Gauso
matematinius modelius. 5. Sudaryti retų įvykių logistinės
regresijos algoritmą panaudojant empirinį Bajeso metodą. Darbo metu
gauti nauji rezultatai įgalina atlikti didelio matavimo duomenų
skaidymą; atlikti didelio matavimo nekoreliuotų duomenų pasirinktų
komponenčių nepriklausomumo tikrinimą; parinkti didelių populiacijų
retų įvykių optimalų modelį ir atitinkamą empirinį Bajeso įvertinį.
Pateikta nesinguliarumo sąlyga Puasono-gama modelio
atveju.
The research object is data mining empirical
Bayes methods and algorithms applied in the analysis of large
populations of large dimensions. The aim and objectives of the
research are to create methods and algorithms for testing
nonparametric hypotheses for large populations and for estimating
the parameters of data models. The following problems are solved to
reach these objectives: 1. To create an efficient data partitioning
algorithm of large dimensional data. 2. To apply the data
partitioning algorithm of large dimensional data in testing
nonparametric hypotheses. 3. To apply the empirical Bayes method in
testing the independence of components of large dimensional data
vectors. 4. To develop an algorithm for estimating probabilities of
rare events in large populations, using the empirical Bayes method
and comparing Poisson-gamma and Poisson-Gaussian mathematical
models, by selecting an optimal model and a respective empirical
Bayes estimator. 5. To create an algorithm for logistic regression
of rare events using the empirical Bayes method. The results
obtained enables us to perform very fast and efficient partitioning
of large dimensional data; testing the independence of selected
components of large dimensional data; selecting the optimal model
in the estimation of probabilities of rare events, using the
Poisson-gamma and Poisson-Gaussian mathematical models and
empirical Bayes estimators. The nonsingularity condition in the
case of the Poisson-gamma model is
presented.
Advisors/Committee Members: ŽILINSKAS, ANTANAS (Doctoral dissertation committee chair), KAZLAUSKAS, KAZYS (Doctoral dissertation committee member), KLIUKAS, ROMUALDAS (Doctoral dissertation committee member), RUDZKIS, RIMANTAS (Doctoral dissertation committee member), WEBER, GERHARD-WILHELM (Doctoral dissertation committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Empiriniai Bajeso
metodai; Duomenų
tyryba; Didelės
populiacijos; Empirical Bayes
methods; Data mining; Large
populations
Record Details
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Record Details
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« Share
❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Jakimauskas, G. (2014). Duomenų tyrybos empirinių Bajeso metodų tyrimas ir
taikymas. (Doctoral Dissertation). Vilnius University. Retrieved from http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140423_090834-67696 ;
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Jakimauskas, Gintautas. “Duomenų tyrybos empirinių Bajeso metodų tyrimas ir
taikymas.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, Vilnius University. Accessed January 27, 2021.
http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140423_090834-67696 ;.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Jakimauskas, Gintautas. “Duomenų tyrybos empirinių Bajeso metodų tyrimas ir
taikymas.” 2014. Web. 27 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Jakimauskas G. Duomenų tyrybos empirinių Bajeso metodų tyrimas ir
taikymas. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Vilnius University; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 27].
Available from: http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140423_090834-67696 ;.
Council of Science Editors:
Jakimauskas G. Duomenų tyrybos empirinių Bajeso metodų tyrimas ir
taikymas. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Vilnius University; 2014. Available from: http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140423_090834-67696 ;
Vilnius University
22.
Jakimauskas, Gintautas.
Analysis and application of empirical Bayes
methods in data mining.
Degree: PhD, Informatics, 2014, Vilnius University
URL: http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140423_090853-72998
;
► The research object is data mining empirical Bayes methods and algorithms applied in the analysis of large populations of large dimensions. The aim and objectives…
(more)
▼ The research object is data mining empirical
Bayes methods and algorithms applied in the analysis of large
populations of large dimensions. The aim and objectives of the
research are to create methods and algorithms for testing
nonparametric hypotheses for large populations and for estimating
the parameters of data models. The following problems are solved to
reach these objectives: 1. To create an efficient data partitioning
algorithm of large dimensional data. 2. To apply the data
partitioning algorithm of large dimensional data in testing
nonparametric hypotheses. 3. To apply the empirical Bayes method in
testing the independence of components of large dimensional data
vectors. 4. To develop an algorithm for estimating probabilities of
rare events in large populations, using the empirical Bayes method
and comparing Poisson-gamma and Poisson-Gaussian mathematical
models, by selecting an optimal model and a respective empirical
Bayes estimator. 5. To create an algorithm for logistic regression
of rare events using the empirical Bayes method. The results
obtained enables us to perform very fast and efficient partitioning
of large dimensional data; testing the independence of selected
components of large dimensional data; selecting the optimal model
in the estimation of probabilities of rare events, using the
Poisson-gamma and Poisson-Gaussian mathematical models and
empirical Bayes estimators. The nonsingularity condition in the
case of the Poisson-gamma model is
presented.
Darbo tyrimų objektas yra duomenų tyrybos
empiriniai Bajeso metodai ir algoritmai, taikomi didelio matavimų
skaičiaus didelių populiacijų duomenų analizei. Darbo tyrimų
tikslas yra sudaryti metodus ir algoritmus didelių populiacijų
neparametrinių hipotezių tikrinimui ir duomenų modelių parametrų
vertinimui. Šiam tikslui pasiekti yra sprendžiami tokie uždaviniai:
1. Sudaryti didelio matavimo duomenų skaidymo algoritmą. 2.
Pritaikyti didelio matavimo duomenų skaidymo algoritmą
neparametrinėms hipotezėms tikrinti. 3. Pritaikyti empirinį Bajeso
metodą daugiamačių duomenų komponenčių nepriklausomumo hipotezei
tikrinti su skirtingais matematiniais modeliais, nustatant optimalų
modelį ir atitinkamą empirinį Bajeso įvertinį. 4. Sudaryti didelių
populiacijų retų įvykių dažnių vertinimo algoritmą panaudojant
empirinį Bajeso metodą palyginant Puasono-gama ir Puasono-Gauso
matematinius modelius. 5. Sudaryti retų įvykių logistinės
regresijos algoritmą panaudojant empirinį Bajeso metodą. Darbo metu
gauti nauji rezultatai įgalina atlikti didelio matavimo duomenų
skaidymą; atlikti didelio matavimo nekoreliuotų duomenų pasirinktų
komponenčių nepriklausomumo tikrinimą; parinkti didelių populiacijų
retų įvykių optimalų modelį ir atitinkamą empirinį Bajeso įvertinį.
Pateikta nesinguliarumo sąlyga Puasono-gama modelio
atveju.
Advisors/Committee Members: ŽILINSKAS, ANTANAS (Doctoral dissertation committee chair), KAZLAUSKAS, KAZYS (Doctoral dissertation committee member), KLIUKAS, ROMUALDAS (Doctoral dissertation committee member), RUDZKIS, RIMANTAS (Doctoral dissertation committee member), WEBER, GERHARD-WILHELM (Doctoral dissertation committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Empirical Bayes
methods; Data mining; Large
populations; Empiriniai Bajeso
metodai; Duomenų
tyryba; Didelės
populiacijos
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APA (6th Edition):
Jakimauskas, G. (2014). Analysis and application of empirical Bayes
methods in data mining. (Doctoral Dissertation). Vilnius University. Retrieved from http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140423_090853-72998 ;
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Jakimauskas, Gintautas. “Analysis and application of empirical Bayes
methods in data mining.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, Vilnius University. Accessed January 27, 2021.
http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140423_090853-72998 ;.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Jakimauskas, Gintautas. “Analysis and application of empirical Bayes
methods in data mining.” 2014. Web. 27 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Jakimauskas G. Analysis and application of empirical Bayes
methods in data mining. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Vilnius University; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 27].
Available from: http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140423_090853-72998 ;.
Council of Science Editors:
Jakimauskas G. Analysis and application of empirical Bayes
methods in data mining. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Vilnius University; 2014. Available from: http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140423_090853-72998 ;
University of California – San Diego
23.
Ojeda, Alejandro.
Towards electromagnetic source imaging methods for developing brain-computer interface neurotherapeutics.
Degree: Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2019, University of California – San Diego
URL: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/2g47n9jk
► Despite several decades of research, most mental health treatments are based on pharmacological manipulations that globally affect the nervous system. Such treatments often lead to…
(more)
▼ Despite several decades of research, most mental health treatments are based on pharmacological manipulations that globally affect the nervous system. Such treatments often lead to undesired side effects and short term symptomatic relief. The difficulty of diagnosing and treating mental health illnesses stems from the overwhelming complexity of the brain and is exacerbated by the fact that our ability to probe, simultaneously, the activity of dynamic and distributed brain networks is limited. In this dissertation, I propose an alternative way to tackle the mental health problem by using high-resolution imaging-based brain-computer interface (BCI) neurotechnology. I focus on new neuroimaging technology that allows us to monitor the electrical activity of cortical networks at low-cost and high spatiotemporal resolution using noninvasive electroencephalographic (EEG) measurements. This technology will serve as the ``neural decoder'' component of yet to come imaging-based closed-loop systems that can effectively restore impaired cognition. The decoder allows a BCIs to dynamically probe specific cognitive abilities of the subject in search for signatures of circuit dysfunctions. Then, various types of feedback can be designed to induce the engagement of neural populations that can compensate for the detected aberrant neuronal activity.In this dissertation, first, I develop the mathematical framework to efficiently map scalp EEG responses back into the cortical space, and by doing so, I show that the biological mechanisms responsible for the neurocognitive processes of interest are easy to study. Of theoretical and practical relevance, I demonstrate that this framework successfully unifies three of the most common problems in EEG analysis: data cleaning, source separation, and imaging. Then, I develop the algorithmic and software machinery necessary to implement high-resolution imaging-based BCIs. Finally, I analyze data from healthy adults performing a self-paced unconstrained schoolwork-like computerized task and show that within the proposed framework, I can identify brain network correlates of attention switches at a millisecond time scale. Since attention-related dysfunctions are linked to several psychiatric disorders, these results represent a step forward towards developing BCI interventions to treat several mental health illnesses.
Subjects/Keywords: Neurosciences; Bioengineering; Statistics; Brain-Computer Interface; Electroencephalogram; EEG; Empirical Bayes; Mental Health; Simulink; Source Imaging
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APA (6th Edition):
Ojeda, A. (2019). Towards electromagnetic source imaging methods for developing brain-computer interface neurotherapeutics. (Thesis). University of California – San Diego. Retrieved from http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/2g47n9jk
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Ojeda, Alejandro. “Towards electromagnetic source imaging methods for developing brain-computer interface neurotherapeutics.” 2019. Thesis, University of California – San Diego. Accessed January 27, 2021.
http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/2g47n9jk.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Ojeda, Alejandro. “Towards electromagnetic source imaging methods for developing brain-computer interface neurotherapeutics.” 2019. Web. 27 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Ojeda A. Towards electromagnetic source imaging methods for developing brain-computer interface neurotherapeutics. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of California – San Diego; 2019. [cited 2021 Jan 27].
Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/2g47n9jk.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Ojeda A. Towards electromagnetic source imaging methods for developing brain-computer interface neurotherapeutics. [Thesis]. University of California – San Diego; 2019. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/2g47n9jk
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Iowa State University
24.
Isebrands, Hillary.
Quantifying safety and speed data for rural roundabouts with high-speed approaches.
Degree: 2011, Iowa State University
URL: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/10378
► If transportation agencies are going to move Towards Zero Deaths on their roadways, it will be essential to address the thousands of fatal and injury…
(more)
▼ If transportation agencies are going to move Towards Zero Deaths on their roadways, it will be essential to address the thousands of fatal and injury crashes occurring at intersections. With nearly 3,000 fatalities at rural intersections annually, better intersection designs are critical. Roundabouts are a proven safety countermeasure, but until this point the safety data for rural roundabouts on high speed roadways has been limited. This research conducted an in depth safety and approach speed data analysis for rural roundabouts on high speed roadways and provides the first published planning level crash prediction model available for rural roundabouts.
Crash analysis results showed that rural roundabouts with high speed approaches significantly reduced total crashes by 62 to 68 % and injury crashes by 85 to 88 % at nineteen rural roundabouts. Moreover, the number of angle crashes, which tend to have a higher likelihood of causing injuries at high speeds, were reduced by 83%, also a statistically significant reduction. Approach speed data proved that drivers are able to slow down in advance of roundabouts on rural roadways and the mean speeds at 100 ft from the yield line were 2.5 mph lower than mean speeds at 100 ft from the stop bar at stop controlled approaches. Additionally, a comparison between roundabout approaches with and without rumble strips showed mean speeds 4.3 mph and 3.3 mph lower at 100 ft and 250 ft from the yield line, respectively, for the approaches with rumble strips; however, the variation in speeds increased with the introduction of rumble strips.
The results of this research support decision-making to invest in an intersection alternative that lowers speeds and significantly reduces the risk of injury crashes. Roundabouts eradicate the risk of drivers running stop signs and red lights. Roundabouts save lives.
Subjects/Keywords: empirical Bayes; negative binomial; roundabout; rural; safety; speed; Civil and Environmental Engineering
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CSE |
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APA (6th Edition):
Isebrands, H. (2011). Quantifying safety and speed data for rural roundabouts with high-speed approaches. (Thesis). Iowa State University. Retrieved from https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/10378
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Isebrands, Hillary. “Quantifying safety and speed data for rural roundabouts with high-speed approaches.” 2011. Thesis, Iowa State University. Accessed January 27, 2021.
https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/10378.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Isebrands, Hillary. “Quantifying safety and speed data for rural roundabouts with high-speed approaches.” 2011. Web. 27 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Isebrands H. Quantifying safety and speed data for rural roundabouts with high-speed approaches. [Internet] [Thesis]. Iowa State University; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 27].
Available from: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/10378.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Isebrands H. Quantifying safety and speed data for rural roundabouts with high-speed approaches. [Thesis]. Iowa State University; 2011. Available from: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/10378
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of Washington
25.
Griffin, Maryclare Carney.
Model-Based Penalized Regression.
Degree: PhD, 2018, University of Washington
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1773/43160
► This thesis contains three chapters that consider penalized regression from a model-based perspective, interpreting penalties as assumed prior distributions for unknown regression coefficients. In the…
(more)
▼ This thesis contains three chapters that consider penalized regression from a model-based perspective, interpreting penalties as assumed prior distributions for unknown regression coefficients. In the first chapter, we show that treating a lasso penalty as a prior can facilitate the choice of tuning parameters when standard methods for choosing the tuning parameters are not available, and when it is necessary to choose multiple tuning parameters simultaneously. In the second chapter, we consider a possible drawback of treating penalties as models, specifically possible misspecification. We introduce an easy-to-compute moment-based misspecification test for the Laplace prior, argue that the risk of misspecification calls for consideration of a larger class of penalties and corresponding prior distributions, and define easy-to-compute moment-based unknown prior parameters that yield improved estimation of the unknown regression coefficients in simulations. In the third chapter, we introduce structured shrinkage priors for dependent regression coefficients which generalize popular independent shrinkage priors. These can be useful in various applied settings where many regression coefficients are not only expected to be nearly or exactly equal to zero, but also structured.
Advisors/Committee Members: Hoff, Peter D (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: adaptive inference; empirical Bayes; method of moments; penalized regression; shrinkage priors; structured data; Statistics; Statistics
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APA (6th Edition):
Griffin, M. C. (2018). Model-Based Penalized Regression. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Washington. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1773/43160
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Griffin, Maryclare Carney. “Model-Based Penalized Regression.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Washington. Accessed January 27, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1773/43160.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Griffin, Maryclare Carney. “Model-Based Penalized Regression.” 2018. Web. 27 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Griffin MC. Model-Based Penalized Regression. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Washington; 2018. [cited 2021 Jan 27].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1773/43160.
Council of Science Editors:
Griffin MC. Model-Based Penalized Regression. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Washington; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1773/43160
University of Pennsylvania
26.
Fuki, Igar.
Bayesian Aspects of Classification Procedures.
Degree: 2013, University of Pennsylvania
URL: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/863
► We consider several statistical approaches to binary classification and multiple hypothesis testing problems. Situations in which a binary choice must be made are common in…
(more)
▼ We consider several statistical approaches to binary classification and multiple hypothesis testing problems. Situations in which a binary choice must be made are common in science. Usually, there is uncertainty involved in making the choice and a great number of statistical techniques have been put forth to help researchers deal with this uncertainty in separating signal from noise in reasonable ways. For example, in genetic studies, one may want to identify genes that affect a certain biological process from among a larger set of genes. In such examples, costs are attached to making incorrect choices and many choices must be made at the same time. Reasonable ways of modeling the cost structure and choosing the appropriate criteria for evaluating the performance of statistical techniques are needed. The following three chapters have proposals of some Bayesian methods for these issues.
In the first chapter, we focus on an empirical Bayes approach to a popular binary classification problem formulation. In this framework, observations are treated as independent draws from a hierarchical model with a mixture prior distribution. The mixture prior combines prior distributions for the ``noise'' and for the ``signal'' observations. In the literature, parametric assumptions are usually made about the prior distribution from which the ``signal'' observations come. We suggest a Bayes classification rule which minimizes the expectation of a flexible and easily interpretable mixture loss function which brings together constant penalties for false positive misclassifications and L2 penalties for false negative misclassifications. Due in part to the form of the loss function, empirical Bayes techniques can then be used to construct the Bayes classification rule without specifying the ``signal'' part of the mixture prior distribution. The proposed classification technique builds directly on the nonparametric mixture prior approach proposed by Raykar and Zhao (2010, 2011).
Many different criteria can be used to judge the success of a classification procedure. A very useful criterion called the False Discovery Rate (FDR) was introduced by Benjamini and Hochberg in a 1995 paper. For many applications, the FDR, which is defined as the expected proportion of false positive results among the observations declared to be ``signal'', is a reasonable criterion to target. Bayesian versions of the false discovery rate, the so-called positive false discovery rate (pFDR) and local false discovery rate, were proposed by Storey (2002, 2003) and Efron and coauthors (2001), respectively. There is an interesting connection between the local false discovery rate and the nonparametric mixture prior approach for binary classification problems. The second part of the dissertation is focused on this link and provides a comparison of various approaches for estimating Bayesian false discovery rates.
The third chapter is an account of a connection between the celebrated Neyman-Pearson lemma and the area (AUC) under the receiver operating characteristic…
Subjects/Keywords: Classification procedures; empirical Bayes; False discovery rate; nonparametric mixture prior; Statistics and Probability
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APA ·
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MLA ·
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CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Fuki, I. (2013). Bayesian Aspects of Classification Procedures. (Thesis). University of Pennsylvania. Retrieved from https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/863
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Fuki, Igar. “Bayesian Aspects of Classification Procedures.” 2013. Thesis, University of Pennsylvania. Accessed January 27, 2021.
https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/863.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Fuki, Igar. “Bayesian Aspects of Classification Procedures.” 2013. Web. 27 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Fuki I. Bayesian Aspects of Classification Procedures. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Pennsylvania; 2013. [cited 2021 Jan 27].
Available from: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/863.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Fuki I. Bayesian Aspects of Classification Procedures. [Thesis]. University of Pennsylvania; 2013. Available from: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/863
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of Florida
27.
Xia, Wei.
Scalable Hyperparameter Selection for Latent Dirichlet Allocation.
Degree: PhD, Statistics, 2018, University of Florida
URL: https://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0052447
Subjects/Keywords: bayes; carlo; chain; empirical; markov; monte
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APA (6th Edition):
Xia, W. (2018). Scalable Hyperparameter Selection for Latent Dirichlet Allocation. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Florida. Retrieved from https://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0052447
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Xia, Wei. “Scalable Hyperparameter Selection for Latent Dirichlet Allocation.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Florida. Accessed January 27, 2021.
https://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0052447.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Xia, Wei. “Scalable Hyperparameter Selection for Latent Dirichlet Allocation.” 2018. Web. 27 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Xia W. Scalable Hyperparameter Selection for Latent Dirichlet Allocation. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Florida; 2018. [cited 2021 Jan 27].
Available from: https://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0052447.
Council of Science Editors:
Xia W. Scalable Hyperparameter Selection for Latent Dirichlet Allocation. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Florida; 2018. Available from: https://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0052447
University of Toronto
28.
Chan, Kelvin Kar-Wing.
Addressing Uncertainties in Health Utilities.
Degree: PhD, 2017, University of Toronto
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1807/80137
► Uncertainties in health utilities have received little attention in the literature. Health utility is a preference-based quality of life measure. It is commonly used to…
(more)
▼ Uncertainties in health utilities have received little attention in the literature. Health utility is a preference-based quality of life measure. It is commonly used to calculate quality-adjusted life years and to conduct cost-utility analysis. Under-estimation of the uncertainty of health utilities will lead to under-estimation of the uncertainty of the results of any economic evaluation that requires the use of health utilities. This thesis focuses on addressing uncertainty in health utilities in three areas: (1) the underestimation of uncertainties of health utilities derived from mapping algorithms and the derivation of methods to address it, (2) the challenge with prediction error in multi-attribute utility instrument valuation studies with small sample size and an emphasis of the use of shrinkage estimators as a potential solution, and (3) the underestimation of uncertainties of health utilities derived from multi-attribute utility instruments with an emphasis of the use of multiple imputation as a potential solution. For each issue, theoretical statistical explanations are provided and then followed by the proposed methods to address those issues. Simulation methods are also used to explore the usefulness of the proposed methods.
Advisors/Committee Members: Pullenayegum, Eleanor M, Willan, Andrew R, Dalla Lana School of Public Health.
Subjects/Keywords: Empirical Bayes; Health Utilities; Mapping Algorithms; Multiple Imputation; Shrikage Estimator; Uncertainties; 0308
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APA (6th Edition):
Chan, K. K. (2017). Addressing Uncertainties in Health Utilities. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Toronto. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1807/80137
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Chan, Kelvin Kar-Wing. “Addressing Uncertainties in Health Utilities.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Toronto. Accessed January 27, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1807/80137.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Chan, Kelvin Kar-Wing. “Addressing Uncertainties in Health Utilities.” 2017. Web. 27 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Chan KK. Addressing Uncertainties in Health Utilities. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Toronto; 2017. [cited 2021 Jan 27].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1807/80137.
Council of Science Editors:
Chan KK. Addressing Uncertainties in Health Utilities. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Toronto; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1807/80137
University of Central Florida
29.
Benhaddou, Rida.
Nonparametric And Empirical Bayes Estimation Methods.
Degree: 2013, University of Central Florida
URL: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd/2602
► In the present dissertation, we investigate two different nonparametric models; empirical Bayes model and functional deconvolution model. In the case of the nonparametric empirical Bayes…
(more)
▼ In the present dissertation, we investigate two different nonparametric models;
empirical Bayes model and functional deconvolution model. In the case of the nonparametric
empirical Bayes estimation, we carried out a complete minimax study. In particular, we derive minimax lower bounds for the risk of the nonparametric
empirical Bayes estimator for a general conditional distribution. This result has never been obtained previously. In order to attain optimal convergence rates, we use a wavelet series based
empirical Bayes estimator constructed in Pensky and Alotaibi (2005). We propose an adaptive version of this estimator using Lepski’s method and show that the estimator attains optimal convergence rates. The theory is supplemented by numerous examples. Our study of the functional deconvolution model expands results of Pensky and Sapatinas (2009, 2010, 2011) to the case of estimating an (r + 1)-dimensional function or dependent errors. In both cases, we derive minimax lower bounds for the integrated square risk over a wide set of Besov balls and construct adaptive wavelet estimators that attain those optimal convergence rates. In particular, in the case of estimating a periodic (r + 1)-dimensional function, we show that by choosing Besov balls of mixed smoothness, we can avoid the ”curse of dimensionality” and, hence, obtain higher than usual convergence rates when r is large. The study of deconvolution of a multivariate function is motivated by seismic inversion which can be reduced to solution of noisy two-dimensional convolution equations that allow to draw inference on underground layer structures along the chosen profiles. The common practice in seismology is to recover layer structures separately for each profile and then to combine the derived estimates into a two-dimensional function. By studying the two-dimensional version of the model, we demonstrate that this strategy usually leads to estimators which are less accurate than the ones obtained as two-dimensional functional deconvolutions. Finally, we consider a multichannel deconvolution model with long-range dependent Gaussian errors. We do not limit our consideration to a specific type of long-range dependence, rather we assume that the eigenvalues of the covariance matrix of the errors are bounded above and below. We show that convergence rates of the estimators depend on a balance between the smoothness parameters of the response function, the iii smoothness of the blurring function, the long memory parameters of the errors, and how the total number of observations is distributed among the channels.
Advisors/Committee Members: Pensky, Marianna.
Subjects/Keywords: Empirical bayes; functional deconvolution; minimax convergence rate; wavelets; Mathematics; Dissertations, Academic – Sciences, Sciences – Dissertations, Academic
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Benhaddou, R. (2013). Nonparametric And Empirical Bayes Estimation Methods. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Central Florida. Retrieved from https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd/2602
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Benhaddou, Rida. “Nonparametric And Empirical Bayes Estimation Methods.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Central Florida. Accessed January 27, 2021.
https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd/2602.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Benhaddou, Rida. “Nonparametric And Empirical Bayes Estimation Methods.” 2013. Web. 27 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Benhaddou R. Nonparametric And Empirical Bayes Estimation Methods. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Central Florida; 2013. [cited 2021 Jan 27].
Available from: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd/2602.
Council of Science Editors:
Benhaddou R. Nonparametric And Empirical Bayes Estimation Methods. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Central Florida; 2013. Available from: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd/2602
Virginia Tech
30.
McCarthy, Ross James.
Performing Network Level Crash Evaluation Using Skid Resistance.
Degree: MS, Civil Engineering, 2015, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/56576
► Evaluation of crash count data as a function of roadway characteristics allows Departments of Transportation to predict expected average crash risks in order to assist…
(more)
▼ Evaluation of crash count data as a function of roadway characteristics allows Departments of Transportation to predict expected average crash risks in order to assist in identifying segments that could benefit from various treatments. Currently, the evaluation is performed using negative binomial regression, as a function of average annual daily traffic (AADT) and other variables.
For this thesis, a crash study was carried out for the interstate, primary and secondary routes, in the Salem District of Virginia. The data used in the study included the following information obtained from Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) records: 2010 to 2012 crash data, 2010 to 2012 AADT, and horizontal radius of curvature (CV). Additionally, tire-pavement friction or skid resistance was measured using a continuous friction measurement, fixed-slip device called a Grip Tester. In keeping with the current practice, negative binomial regression was used to relate the crash data to the AADT, skid resistance and CV. To determine which of the variables to include in the final models, the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and Log-Likelihood Ratio Tests were performed.
By mathematically combining the information acquired from the negative binomial regression models and the information contained in the crash counts, the parameters of each network's true average crash risks were empirically estimated using the
Empirical Bayes (EB) approach. The new estimated average crash risks were then used to rank segments according to their empirically estimated crash risk and to prioritize segments according to their expected crash reduction if a friction treatment were applied.
Advisors/Committee Members: Flintsch, Gerardo W. (committeechair), McGhee, Kevin K. (committee member), de Leon Izeppi, Edgar D. (committee member), Parry, Tony (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: skid resistance; Poisson; Poisson-Gamma; Negative Binomial; Safety Performance Function; Empirical Bayes
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APA (6th Edition):
McCarthy, R. J. (2015). Performing Network Level Crash Evaluation Using Skid Resistance. (Masters Thesis). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/56576
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
McCarthy, Ross James. “Performing Network Level Crash Evaluation Using Skid Resistance.” 2015. Masters Thesis, Virginia Tech. Accessed January 27, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/56576.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
McCarthy, Ross James. “Performing Network Level Crash Evaluation Using Skid Resistance.” 2015. Web. 27 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
McCarthy RJ. Performing Network Level Crash Evaluation Using Skid Resistance. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 27].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/56576.
Council of Science Editors:
McCarthy RJ. Performing Network Level Crash Evaluation Using Skid Resistance. [Masters Thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/56576
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Open Access Theses and Dissertations