subject:(Egg activation)

Cornell University

1. Krauchunas, Amber. Nature And Regulation Of Protein Phosphorylation Changes During Egg Activation In Drosophila Melanogaster.

Degree: PhD, Molecular and Cell Biology, 2012, Cornell University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/30979

► Mature oocytes are held in a developmentally-quiescent, arrested state. For development to occur, these oocytes must transition to a new cellular state that can support… (more)

▼ Mature oocytes are held in a developmentally-quiescent, arrested state. For development to occur, these oocytes must transition to a new cellular state that can support the processes of embryogenesis. This transition is achieved by the events of egg activation. My studies focused on protein phosphorylation changes that take place during egg activation in Drosophila. Because there is little or no transcription at this time, egg activation is directed by maternal mRNAs and proteins regulated through posttranscriptional and post-translational mechanisms. Phosphorylation is an abundant post-translational modification with a wide array of regulatory effects. In addition, phosphorylation regulators such as CaMKII and calcineurin are required for egg activation in a variety of organisms. We hypothesize that simultaneously changing the phosphorylation states of a large number of proteins is a key contributor to the cellular changes that encompass the oocyte-to-embryo transition. I applied two different proteomic methods, IMAC and 2D-gel electrophoresis, to identify the proteins that change in phosphorylation state between mature oocytes and unfertilized, activated eggs. This led to the identification of 311 proteins that are phospho-modulated during egg activation. I used RNAi to knock down the genes that encode some of these proteins, testing a total of 71 genes for effects on female fertility. I identified multiple candidates for future study including, mrityu, which is required for progression through the early rounds of embryonic mitosis. I also used the phosphorylation changes of two proteins identified from the proteomics experiments, Spindly and Vap-33-1, as "molecular markers" to examine how the egg activation genes sarah, cortex, and prage relate to the phosphorylation changes that take place at egg activation. I showed that all three genes are upstream of Spindly dephosphorylation, but only sarah and cortex are upstream of Vap-33-1 phosphorylation. These data, along with previous findings in the lab, suggest that sarah and cortex act in a common pathway. Overall, my studies have contributed to our understanding of the roles of protein phosphorylation during egg activation. My results show that phosphorylation is an important area of study if we are to discover the proteins and pathways that regulate the oocyte-to-embryo transition. Advisors/Committee Members: Wolfner, Mariana Federica (chair), Goldberg, Michael Lewis (committee member), Clark, Andrew (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Egg activation; Phosphorylation; Proteomics

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APA (6^th Edition):

Krauchunas, A. (2012). Nature And Regulation Of Protein Phosphorylation Changes During Egg Activation In Drosophila Melanogaster. (Doctoral Dissertation). Cornell University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1813/30979

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Krauchunas, Amber. “Nature And Regulation Of Protein Phosphorylation Changes During Egg Activation In Drosophila Melanogaster.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, Cornell University. Accessed January 18, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1813/30979.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Krauchunas, Amber. “Nature And Regulation Of Protein Phosphorylation Changes During Egg Activation In Drosophila Melanogaster.” 2012. Web. 18 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Krauchunas A. Nature And Regulation Of Protein Phosphorylation Changes During Egg Activation In Drosophila Melanogaster. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Cornell University; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 18]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/30979.

Council of Science Editors:

Krauchunas A. Nature And Regulation Of Protein Phosphorylation Changes During Egg Activation In Drosophila Melanogaster. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Cornell University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/30979

Cornell University

2. Lai, Yun Wei. Genetic And Molecular Analysis Of Calcium Signaling Pathways And The Prage Gene In Drosophila Egg Activation.

Degree: M.S., Genetics, Genetics, 2011, Cornell University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/29524

► Egg activation, the transition of mature oocytes into developing embryos, is initiated by different external signals in different animals. The signals include sperm entry, mechanical… (more)

▼ Egg activation, the transition of mature oocytes into developing embryos, is initiated by different external signals in different animals. The signals include sperm entry, mechanical stimuli and pH changes. Although these signals are different, one response to those signals is well conserved: an increase of intracellular calcium (Ca2+) level in the eggs. However, little is known about the molecular pathway downstream of the calcium rise that makes up egg activation. Egg activation in Drosophila requires Ca2+ signaling. Horner (2006) and Takeo et al. (2006) showed that sra, a regulator of calcineurin (CN), has many defects in Drosophila egg activation. To dissect the role of CN further, I characterized the phenotypes of eggs laid by female expressing a constitutively-active CN (CnAact) in Drosophila female germline. I have found that, both cell cycle resumption and MAPK dephosphoreylation are affected, although egg shell hardening and polyadenylation appears normal. This indicates that different events of egg activation may be controlled separately. Because CN is a major transducer of calcium signal that is known to be regulated by calmodulin (CaM), I chose to examine CaM and another major target of CaM that can be important for Drosophila egg activation: Ca2+/Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CamKII). Using transgenic expressed inhibitory peptides, I sought to inactivate functions of CaM and CamKII. However, I did not detect any effect on the hatchability of those inhibitory lines. There are several explanations. One possibility is that Ca2+ triggered egg activation events might not act through CaM-CamKII pathway or there are other regulators/molecular pathways that compensate for their functions. Alternatively, inhibitor peptides were expressed, but they may not have been present in sufficient amounts to inhibit their targets. To understand the upstream regulator genes that control Drosophila activation, I began characterizing prage (prg) gene. Prg mutant females lay eggs, but those eggs fail to destabilize maternal transcripts and never hatch (Tadros et al., 2003). These phenotypes indicate that prg may play a role in Drosophila egg activation. Thus, I examined egg activation phenotypes in oocytes and embryos from prg mutant females. I showed that VM cross-linking did not occur normally in embryos produced by both prg mutant alleles (prg16A and prg32). To find chromosome position of prg gene, Jun Cui previously conducted complementation analysis and DNA sequencing. His data suspected that CG14801, a possible exonuclease, is prg gene. In this thesis, I confirmed that CG14801 corresponds to prg. I assayed expression pattern of prg transcripts. The result shows that prg is expressed in adult of both sexes and the expression increases throughout embryogenesis. In summary, my goal of this thesis is to identify the pathways through which calcium signal is transduced into egg activation in Drosophila and to determine the molecular targets and genes that involve in the pathway. Advisors/Committee Members: Wolfner, Mariana Federica (chair), Kemphues, Kenneth J (committee member), Schimenti, John C. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: egg activation; calcium; Drosophila

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Lai, Y. W. (2011). Genetic And Molecular Analysis Of Calcium Signaling Pathways And The Prage Gene In Drosophila Egg Activation. (Masters Thesis). Cornell University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1813/29524

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Lai, Yun Wei. “Genetic And Molecular Analysis Of Calcium Signaling Pathways And The Prage Gene In Drosophila Egg Activation.” 2011. Masters Thesis, Cornell University. Accessed January 18, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1813/29524.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Lai, Yun Wei. “Genetic And Molecular Analysis Of Calcium Signaling Pathways And The Prage Gene In Drosophila Egg Activation.” 2011. Web. 18 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Lai YW. Genetic And Molecular Analysis Of Calcium Signaling Pathways And The Prage Gene In Drosophila Egg Activation. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Cornell University; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 18]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/29524.

Council of Science Editors:

Lai YW. Genetic And Molecular Analysis Of Calcium Signaling Pathways And The Prage Gene In Drosophila Egg Activation. [Masters Thesis]. Cornell University; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/29524

Cornell University

3. Sartain, Caroline. Rna Regulation During Gametogenesis And Triggers Of Egg Activation In Drosophila Melanogaster.

Degree: PhD, Genetics, 2013, Cornell University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/34218

► One of the most critical transitory periods during development occurs when an oocyte prepares to undergo embryogenesis, in a process called "egg activation". In many… (more)

▼ One of the most critical transitory periods during development occurs when an oocyte prepares to undergo embryogenesis, in a process called "egg activation". In many organisms, the oocyte has been at rest in the ovary, stored in a dormant state for a period ranging from a number of days (as in flies) to several decades (as in humans). Upon egg activation, this dormant egg must suddenly undergo several major cellular and molecular changes that prepare it for embryogenesis, including restructuring of the vitelline membrane, completion of meiosis, and changes to mRNA and protein pools. Where most organisms require a fertilizing sperm to set off these events, fruitflies are unique in that egg activation occurs prior to requirement of fertilization. I have used Drosophila melanogaster as a model system to dissect apart some key events of egg activation that are driven solely by the maternal components of the oocyte. In most animals, the initial trigger from the sperm sparks a calcium wave that traverses through the oocyte, acting as a message to kick off previously silenced biochemical pathways. For many years, it was unknown whether calcium played a role in egg activation in Drosophila. I have discovered that although Drosophila oocytes do not require a fertilizing sperm, a calcium wave does occur during egg activation. I have characterized the dynamics of this calcium influx using live imaging of Drosophila oocytes undergoing in vitro egg activation. Furthermore, I found that the calcium flux is not dependent upon internal stores but depends on extracellular calcium concentrations. Additionally, I have determined that the extracellular calcium likely enters the oocyte through mechanosensory TRP channels. Downstream of the calcium signal, there is major turnover of the maternallystored mRNAs within the oocyte. I have examined the phenotype and transcriptome changes in eggs from mothers carrying the prage mutation, an allele previously uncharacterized in egg activation. I have also performed microarray analysis of the global set of transcripts that undergo cytoplasmic polyadenylation by WISPY at egg activation. These data taken together give us a big-picture view of the global changes occurring in the mRNA pool during egg activation. Advisors/Committee Members: Wolfner, Mariana Federica (chair), Goldberg, Michael Lewis (committee member), Liu, Jun (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Drosophila; egg activation; spermatogenesis

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Sartain, C. (2013). Rna Regulation During Gametogenesis And Triggers Of Egg Activation In Drosophila Melanogaster. (Doctoral Dissertation). Cornell University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1813/34218

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Sartain, Caroline. “Rna Regulation During Gametogenesis And Triggers Of Egg Activation In Drosophila Melanogaster.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, Cornell University. Accessed January 18, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1813/34218.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Sartain, Caroline. “Rna Regulation During Gametogenesis And Triggers Of Egg Activation In Drosophila Melanogaster.” 2013. Web. 18 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Sartain C. Rna Regulation During Gametogenesis And Triggers Of Egg Activation In Drosophila Melanogaster. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Cornell University; 2013. [cited 2021 Jan 18]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/34218.

Council of Science Editors:

Sartain C. Rna Regulation During Gametogenesis And Triggers Of Egg Activation In Drosophila Melanogaster. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Cornell University; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/34218

Cornell University

4. Sackton, Katharine. PHOSPHORYLATION CHANGES DURING EGG ACTIVATION AND ON REGULATORS OF THE FIRST EMBRYONIC CELL CYCLE IN DROSOPHILA.

Degree: 2008, Cornell University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/11385

► At the transition from oocyte to embryo, a quiescent mature oocyte is transformed in a short span of time to a rapidly dividing embryo. In… (more)

▼ At the transition from oocyte to embryo, a quiescent mature oocyte is transformed in a short span of time to a rapidly dividing embryo. In the first two hours of Drosophila melanogaster embryogenesis there is very little transcription of the zygotic genome, so regulation of translation of maternally-loaded mRNAs and post-translational modifications are the primary mechanisms of controlling the events of the oocyte-to-embryo transition. Changes in protein phosphorylation occur during egg activation, and I have investigated several aspects of these phosphorylation changes by testing the activity/or and roles of MAP kinases, and PP1 and MKP3 phosphatases during this developmental transition. I also examined the relationship between these kinases/phosphatases, four genes known to be necessary for egg activation (sarah, cortex, prage, and wispy), and two proteins (YA and GNU) that are dephosphorylated upon egg activation and act to initiate or modulate embryonic mitosis. I further defined the cell-cycle arrest point of one of these latter phosphoproteins, YA. Changes in phosphorylation state are likely to be important for regulating multiple aspects of the oocyte to embryo transition. My studies have shown that MAP kinases are dephosphorylated upon egg activation. In addition, the egg activation genes cort, sra, and prg are upstream of YA dephosphorylation upon egg activation, and cort and sra are also upstream of GNU dephosphorylation. I identified the phosphorylation sites on YA from oocytes and embryos by mass spectrometry. During oocyte maturation, dmos, Ya and gnu mRNA polyadenylation and protein levels are regulated by wispy, which also regulates ERK and JNK phosphorylation in oocytes, probably through dmos. Testing the roles of phosphatases, I have shown that PP1s may have a role in egg activation, but MKP3 is primarily needed after egg activation, prior to the first mitosis. I also clarified the time of the cell cycle when YA is necessary; YA acts after egg activation to regulate the entry into mitosis after the first S phase.

Subjects/Keywords: mitosis; phosphorylation; egg activation; Drosophila

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Sackton, K. (2008). PHOSPHORYLATION CHANGES DURING EGG ACTIVATION AND ON REGULATORS OF THE FIRST EMBRYONIC CELL CYCLE IN DROSOPHILA. (Thesis). Cornell University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1813/11385

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Sackton, Katharine. “PHOSPHORYLATION CHANGES DURING EGG ACTIVATION AND ON REGULATORS OF THE FIRST EMBRYONIC CELL CYCLE IN DROSOPHILA.” 2008. Thesis, Cornell University. Accessed January 18, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1813/11385.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Sackton, Katharine. “PHOSPHORYLATION CHANGES DURING EGG ACTIVATION AND ON REGULATORS OF THE FIRST EMBRYONIC CELL CYCLE IN DROSOPHILA.” 2008. Web. 18 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Sackton K. PHOSPHORYLATION CHANGES DURING EGG ACTIVATION AND ON REGULATORS OF THE FIRST EMBRYONIC CELL CYCLE IN DROSOPHILA. [Internet] [Thesis]. Cornell University; 2008. [cited 2021 Jan 18]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/11385.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Sackton K. PHOSPHORYLATION CHANGES DURING EGG ACTIVATION AND ON REGULATORS OF THE FIRST EMBRYONIC CELL CYCLE IN DROSOPHILA. [Thesis]. Cornell University; 2008. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/11385

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Edinburgh

5. Chebotareva, Tatiana Nikolayevna. Molecular mechanisms of spontaneous activation in rat eggs.

Degree: PhD, 2012, University of Edinburgh

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1842/17283

► The aim of this research was to identify the molecular mechanisms that promote spontaneous activation in rat eggs after their recovery from the oviduct. Typically,… (more)

▼ The aim of this research was to identify the molecular mechanisms that promote spontaneous activation in rat eggs after their recovery from the oviduct. Typically, mammalian eggs await fertilisation arrested at the second metaphase II of meiosis. However, ovulated rat eggs spontaneously enter anaphase II when exposed to in vitro culture. After extrusion of the second polar body, these spontaneously activated eggs do not proceed to interphase but become arrested at metaphase III stage with chromatids scattered in the egg cytoplasm. This instability may be one factor that has made it more difficult to establish reliable protocols for somatic cell nuclear transfer in rats. The triggers of spontaneous activation and signalling pathways leading to the metaphase III progression are largely unknown. Analyses of signalling pathways that are involved in the regulation of final stages of meiosis during fertilisation revealed several anomalies that were associated with spontaneous activation and the transition from metaphase II to metaphase III. Metaphase II arrested eggs usually exhibit an increased level of maturation promoting factor (MPF) activity. Spontaneous activation in rat eggs was associated with a drop in MPF activity at the time of the second polar body extrusion. MPF is composed of a catalytic subunit, CDK1, and a regulatory subunit, cyclin B1. Interestingly, the level of cyclin B1 was stable throughout spontaneous activation. Post-translational modifications of CDK1 can influence MPF activity: whereas no inhibitory phosphorylation on Tyr15 of CDK1 was found; a decrease in activating Thr161 phosphorylation of CDK1 was associated with the time of the second polar body extrusion, and hence could contribute to the transient MPF inactivation. MAPK (p42/p44) activity has been shown to decrease during egg activation in fertilisation. By contrast, during spontaneous activation, MAPK (p42/p44) remained active and thus resembled the profile usually found between two meiotic divisions (metaphase I to metaphase II). Securin, a protein which prevents premature chromatid separation, was degraded in eggs going through spontaneous activation. Cytostatic factor (CSF) is a biochemical activity, which enables stable metaphase II arrest in ovulated eggs of vertebrates. Recently, the endogenous meiotic inhibitor 2, EMI2, was confirmed as the major component of CSF. For egg activation to occur, the CSF must be destroyed. At the beginning of egg activation, Ca2+/calmodulin kinase (CaMKII) promotes posttranslational modifications of EMI2, leading to its degradation. In the rat, inhibition of CaMKII activity stably prevented the onset of spontaneous activation in a subset of metaphase II eggs. However, no degradation of EMI2 protein was found at the start of abortive metaphase II exit. This finding revealed that one of the central elements of the CSF pathway, EMI2, could be preserved in the rat eggs going through spontaneous activation. In order to study the mechanisms regulating EMI2 stability in rat oocyte maturation and spontaneous…

Subjects/Keywords: 571.8; oocyte; egg; spontaneous activation; metaphase III; rat; metaphase II arrest

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Chebotareva, T. N. (2012). Molecular mechanisms of spontaneous activation in rat eggs. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Edinburgh. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1842/17283

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Chebotareva, Tatiana Nikolayevna. “Molecular mechanisms of spontaneous activation in rat eggs.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Edinburgh. Accessed January 18, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/17283.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Chebotareva, Tatiana Nikolayevna. “Molecular mechanisms of spontaneous activation in rat eggs.” 2012. Web. 18 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Chebotareva TN. Molecular mechanisms of spontaneous activation in rat eggs. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Edinburgh; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 18]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1842/17283.

Council of Science Editors:

Chebotareva TN. Molecular mechanisms of spontaneous activation in rat eggs. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Edinburgh; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1842/17283

Cornell University

6. Zhang, Zijing. FUNCTION AND REGULATION OF MATERNAL PROTEINS THAT ARE PHOSPHOREGULATED DURING EGG ACTIVATION.

Degree: PhD, Genetics and Development, 2018, Cornell University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/59752

► Egg activation is the essential transition through which a mature oocyte becomes a developmentally competent egg. During this transition, the oocyte completes meiosis and remodels… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: egg activation; protein phosphorylation; proteomics; Cellular biology; Developmental biology; Genetics; oocyte; Drosophila melanogaster; reproduction

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Zhang, Z. (2018). FUNCTION AND REGULATION OF MATERNAL PROTEINS THAT ARE PHOSPHOREGULATED DURING EGG ACTIVATION. (Doctoral Dissertation). Cornell University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1813/59752

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Zhang, Zijing. “FUNCTION AND REGULATION OF MATERNAL PROTEINS THAT ARE PHOSPHOREGULATED DURING EGG ACTIVATION.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, Cornell University. Accessed January 18, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1813/59752.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Zhang, Zijing. “FUNCTION AND REGULATION OF MATERNAL PROTEINS THAT ARE PHOSPHOREGULATED DURING EGG ACTIVATION.” 2018. Web. 18 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Zhang Z. FUNCTION AND REGULATION OF MATERNAL PROTEINS THAT ARE PHOSPHOREGULATED DURING EGG ACTIVATION. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Cornell University; 2018. [cited 2021 Jan 18]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/59752.

Council of Science Editors:

Zhang Z. FUNCTION AND REGULATION OF MATERNAL PROTEINS THAT ARE PHOSPHOREGULATED DURING EGG ACTIVATION. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Cornell University; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/59752

7. Ya, Ru. The Role Of Amp-Activated Protein Kinase In Mouse Oocyte Maturation And Subsequent Egg Activation.

Degree: 2013, Marquette University

URL: https://epublications.marquette.edu/dissertations_mu/287

► Mammalian oogenesis begins during fetal development. Oocytes enter meiosis and arrest at prophase I before birth. Meiosis resumes after proper hormonal signaling, the oocyte completes… (more)

▼ Mammalian oogenesis begins during fetal development. Oocytes enter meiosis and arrest at prophase I before birth. Meiosis resumes after proper hormonal signaling, the oocyte completes meiosis I, and then ovulates in metaphase II, at which stage it arrests until fertilization occurs. Egg activation occurs upon sperm fertilization, which includes various physiological processes including calcium influx, release of cortical granules, and completion of meiosis II. However, egg activation can also occur without fertilization, which compromises the later embryonic development. The developmental period from prophase I to metaphase II is referred as oocyte maturation, and involves crucial dynamic change of the cytoskeleton network. The underlying mechanisms that control meiotic regulation still remain elusive. It is well established that a high cAMP level is required to maintain prophase I arrest, whereas mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity is needed for later metaphase II arrest of the oocyte. cAMP declines during meiotic resumption by the activation of phosphodiesterase (PDE), which converts cAMP into AMP. Elevated AMP activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). It was suggested that activation of AMPK provides an additional stimulus for meiotic resumption, and consistent with this idea, activation of AMPK mediates meiotic resumption both in vivo and in vitro. However, the role of AMPK in later process remained to be determined. My research is focused on the role of AMPK after meiotic resumption. It is composed of three parts: (1) the effect of AMPK activation on completion of oocyte maturation; (2) the regulation of AMPK activity by spindle microtubules; and (3) AMPK regulation of egg activation. Results indicate that AMPK promotes anaphase onset and formation of the first polar body (PB). Meanwhile, the activity and localization of AMPK is dependent on spindle microtubule integrity. In addition, AMPK suppresses premature activation of oocytes by maintaining MAPK activity. Advisors/Committee Members: Downs, Stephen M., Waring, Gail, Yang, Pinfen.

Subjects/Keywords: AMPK, egg activation, oocyte maturation; Biology

…levels and exert a positive influence on GVB. Egg Activation Binding of sperm triggers oocyte… …second polar body and forms pronuclei. This entire process is referred to as egg activation… …arrest by inhibiting APC and keeping MPF activity high. During egg activation CSF activity… …85 Figure 3. 4 Treatment with AICAR on A23187/puromycin- and ethanol-induced activation… …87 Figure 3. 5 Effect of AMPK on activation of in vivo matured oocytes…

10 more images…

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Ya, R. (2013). The Role Of Amp-Activated Protein Kinase In Mouse Oocyte Maturation And Subsequent Egg Activation. (Thesis). Marquette University. Retrieved from https://epublications.marquette.edu/dissertations_mu/287

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Ya, Ru. “The Role Of Amp-Activated Protein Kinase In Mouse Oocyte Maturation And Subsequent Egg Activation.” 2013. Thesis, Marquette University. Accessed January 18, 2021. https://epublications.marquette.edu/dissertations_mu/287.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Ya, Ru. “The Role Of Amp-Activated Protein Kinase In Mouse Oocyte Maturation And Subsequent Egg Activation.” 2013. Web. 18 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Ya R. The Role Of Amp-Activated Protein Kinase In Mouse Oocyte Maturation And Subsequent Egg Activation. [Internet] [Thesis]. Marquette University; 2013. [cited 2021 Jan 18]. Available from: https://epublications.marquette.edu/dissertations_mu/287.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Ya R. The Role Of Amp-Activated Protein Kinase In Mouse Oocyte Maturation And Subsequent Egg Activation. [Thesis]. Marquette University; 2013. Available from: https://epublications.marquette.edu/dissertations_mu/287

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

8. Giavi, Stavroula. Επαγωγἠ ανοχής του αυγού σε παιδιά με αλλεργία στο αυγό μέσω της εισαγωγής θερμικά επεξεργασμένης πρωτεΐνης αυγού στη διατροφή τους (με τη μορφή κέικ).

Degree: 2016, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; Εθνικό και Καποδιστριακό Πανεπιστήμιο Αθηνών (ΕΚΠΑ)

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10442/hedi/38360

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A major drawback of oral immunotherapy for food allergy is the possibility of severe adverse events. We assessed both efficacy and safety of a low… (more)

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A major drawback of oral immunotherapy for food allergy is the possibility of severe adverse events. We assessed both efficacy and safety of a low allergenic hydrolysed egg preparation used in double-blind placebo-controlled randomized study in egg allergic children. Twenty-nine children recruited from 3 study sites in Europe (Greece, Switzerland and Italy) were admitted to the study. All fulfilled the inclusion criteria of being 1 – 5.5 years old, diagnosed with an IgE-mediated egg allergy based on a positive skin prick test (SPT) to egg white within the last 3 months as well as a positive oral challenge or a convincing history, defined as an immediate (<1h) reaction following isolated ingestion of egg and positive sIgE (>0.35 kU/L) for at least one of the following: egg, egg white, ovalbumin, ovomucoid, within the last 12 months. All ethics committees of the hospitals approved the study, and an informed consent was obtained from the parents of each child. The randomization to receive either double-blind oral immunotherapy with the placebo or with HydE (ratio 1:1) for 6 months was applied by using the software TrialSys (developed at Nestlé, Lausanne). Stratification was performed by gender (male or female), centre (Greece, Italy or Switzerland) and age (12-35 months or 36-66 months).All randomized subjects were included and analysed in the intention-to-treat group.HydE and placebo study products were packaged, labelled and stored at Eurofins, France. A study box containing 110 sachets of the randomized product was sent to the study site (and provided to the parents) directly after randomization of the child and a second identical box followed after 2.5 months. Each centre received at the start of the study “SPT kits“ containing each a sachet of HydE and a sachet of placebo. OFC to egg was performed after 6 months. All allergic children randomised to the HA egg tolerated the product. No statistically significant difference was observed on the final OFC (36% vs 21%) had a negative OFC in the treatment and the placebo groups respectively. Specific IgG4 increased in the active group, while both CD203+ and CD63+ basophil decreased significantly over time. More research is needed to improve effectiveness in this safe alternative for OIT to egg.

Παιδιά με αλλεργία στο αυγό που παρουσιάζουν ισχυρή ευαισθητοποίηση στο ωοβλεννοειδές (ovomucoid-Gal d 1), το οποίο είναι μία θερμοανθεκτική πρωτεΐνη, έχουν χειρότερη πρόγνωση και παρουσιάζουν πιο επίμονη πορεία. Η πλειονότητα των παιδιών με αλλεργία στο ωμό αυγό, ανέχονται τις πρωτεΐνες του όταν αυτές είναι θερμικά επεξεργασμένες. Η παρούσα μελέτη εξετάζει την επίδραση που έχει η εισαγωγή του θερμικά επεξεργασμένου αυγού στη διατροφή των παιδιών με αλλεργία στο αυγό στη φυσική πορεία της αλλεργίας.Σχεδιάστηκε πολυκεντρική τυχαιοποιημένη μελέτη ελεγχόμενη με εικονικό παρασκεύασμα. Τα παιδιά με αλλεργία στο αυγό ηλικίας 1-5,5 ετών, τυχαιοποιήθηκαν (1:1) σε δύο ομάδες, να λάβουν είτε εικονικό παρασκεύασμα είτε υποαλλεργικό αυγό (θερμικά επεξεργασμένο) εφόσον το ανέχονταν στην…

Subjects/Keywords: Αλλεργία στο αυγό; Ωοβλεννοειδές; Ανοσοθεραπεία σε τροφή; Δοκιμασία διέγερσης βασεόφιλων; Egg allergy; Ovomucoid; Food immunotherapy; Basophil activation test

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Giavi, S. (2016). Επαγωγἠ ανοχής του αυγού σε παιδιά με αλλεργία στο αυγό μέσω της εισαγωγής θερμικά επεξεργασμένης πρωτεΐνης αυγού στη διατροφή τους (με τη μορφή κέικ). (Thesis). National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; Εθνικό και Καποδιστριακό Πανεπιστήμιο Αθηνών (ΕΚΠΑ). Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10442/hedi/38360

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Giavi, Stavroula. “Επαγωγἠ ανοχής του αυγού σε παιδιά με αλλεργία στο αυγό μέσω της εισαγωγής θερμικά επεξεργασμένης πρωτεΐνης αυγού στη διατροφή τους (με τη μορφή κέικ).” 2016. Thesis, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; Εθνικό και Καποδιστριακό Πανεπιστήμιο Αθηνών (ΕΚΠΑ). Accessed January 18, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10442/hedi/38360.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Giavi, Stavroula. “Επαγωγἠ ανοχής του αυγού σε παιδιά με αλλεργία στο αυγό μέσω της εισαγωγής θερμικά επεξεργασμένης πρωτεΐνης αυγού στη διατροφή τους (με τη μορφή κέικ).” 2016. Web. 18 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Giavi S. Επαγωγἠ ανοχής του αυγού σε παιδιά με αλλεργία στο αυγό μέσω της εισαγωγής θερμικά επεξεργασμένης πρωτεΐνης αυγού στη διατροφή τους (με τη μορφή κέικ). [Internet] [Thesis]. National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; Εθνικό και Καποδιστριακό Πανεπιστήμιο Αθηνών (ΕΚΠΑ); 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 18]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10442/hedi/38360.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Giavi S. Επαγωγἠ ανοχής του αυγού σε παιδιά με αλλεργία στο αυγό μέσω της εισαγωγής θερμικά επεξεργασμένης πρωτεΐνης αυγού στη διατροφή τους (με τη μορφή κέικ). [Thesis]. National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; Εθνικό και Καποδιστριακό Πανεπιστήμιο Αθηνών (ΕΚΠΑ); 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10442/hedi/38360

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

9. Pires, Camilla Valente. Regulação gênica dos processos iniciais do desenvolvimento de embriões haploides e diploides de Apis mellifera.

Degree: PhD, Genética, 2014, University of São Paulo

URL: http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17135/tde-21052014-090558/ ;

► O desenvolvimento embrionário é o resultado de uma sequência controlada de eventos modulados por sinais ambientais e mecanismos intracelulares. Em Hymenoptera, esse processo tem um… (more)

▼ O desenvolvimento embrionário é o resultado de uma sequência controlada de eventos modulados por sinais ambientais e mecanismos intracelulares. Em Hymenoptera, esse processo tem um caráter especial devido ao sistema de determinação do sexo (Haplodiploide). Neste sistema, os ovos fecundados se desenvolvem em fêmeas (diploides) e os ovos não fecundados em machos (haploides). Assim, eventos importantes, como a ativação do ovo e transição materno-zigótica, eventos iniciais da embriogênese, são elementos-chave para compreender o desenvolvimento de ambos os tipos de embriões. Ativação do ovo é um evento complexo acionado em resposta a estímulos externos, necessários para o início da embriogênese. Em abelhas a ativação ovo ocorre independentemente da fecundação e parece ser desencadeado durante a passagem pelo trato reprodutivo da mãe. Além disso, se o ovócito não for fecundado ele irá se desenvolver em um organismo haploide. No entanto, se o ovo recebe o espermatozóide até 30 minutos depois da ativação, o ovo se desenvolve em um organismo diploide. Em Drosophila, a ativação do ovo é também idependente da fecundação. O estímulo inicial que desencadeia o desenvolvimento é devido tensões mecânicas sofridas pelo ovócito durante a ovulação pela passagem através do trato reprodutivo. Neste modelo, o primeiro sinal de ativação inclui a ativação da via dependente de cálcio. Moléculas maternas que são incorporados no ovócito durante ovogênese, atuam durante a ativação do ovo, bem como no início da embriogênese. Os eventos iniciais da embriogênese também são caracterizados pela ausência de altos níveis de transcrição zigótica. As moléculas depositadas atuam na ativação do ovo, quebrando a dormência da divisão celular permitindo a ocorrência do início do desenvolvimento embrionário. Mas, o embrião em desenvolvimento gradualmente degrada e substitui essas moléculas herdadas da mãe, em um processo conhecido como transição materno-zigótica. Nosso principal objetivo foi o entendimento da comunicação entre as moléculas herdadas e as recém produzidas durante os primeiros passos do desenvolvimento de Apis mellifera. Para alcançar nosso objetivo, 16 bibliotecas de RNAseq (mRNA e miRNA) foram construídas utilizando amostras de RNA total de embriões diploides e haploides de diferentes idades e ovócitos maduros. A análise do transcriptoma mostrou que existem genes diferencialmente expressos entre os dois tipos de embriões já em 1 h de desenvolvimento. Além disso, nossa análise permitiu a identificação de mRNAs e miRNAs maternos e zigóticos, além de processos com que estas moléculas se relacionam. As análises mostraram também que um mesmo miRNA pode atingir diferentes mRNAs em cada tipo de embrião, na mesma fase de desenvolvimento. Além disso, um mesmo gene pode ser diferentemente regulado nos dois tipos de embriões. Por exemplo, broad/GB48272, que é classificado como materno em embriões dipoides é regulado por quatro miRNAs diferentes e em embriões haploides é classificado como zigótico, regulado por apenas um miRNA. Análise das bibliotecas de… Advisors/Committee Members: Simoes, Zila Luz Paulino.

Subjects/Keywords: Activation of the zygotic genome; Apis mellifera; Apis mellifera; Ativação do genoma zigótico; Ativação do ovo; Diploid and haploid embryos; Egg activation; Embriões diploides e haploides; Regulação gênica; Transcriptional Regulation

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Pires, C. V. (2014). Regulação gênica dos processos iniciais do desenvolvimento de embriões haploides e diploides de Apis mellifera. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of São Paulo. Retrieved from http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17135/tde-21052014-090558/ ;

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Pires, Camilla Valente. “Regulação gênica dos processos iniciais do desenvolvimento de embriões haploides e diploides de Apis mellifera.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, University of São Paulo. Accessed January 18, 2021. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17135/tde-21052014-090558/ ;.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Pires, Camilla Valente. “Regulação gênica dos processos iniciais do desenvolvimento de embriões haploides e diploides de Apis mellifera.” 2014. Web. 18 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Pires CV. Regulação gênica dos processos iniciais do desenvolvimento de embriões haploides e diploides de Apis mellifera. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of São Paulo; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 18]. Available from: http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17135/tde-21052014-090558/ ;.

Council of Science Editors:

Pires CV. Regulação gênica dos processos iniciais do desenvolvimento de embriões haploides e diploides de Apis mellifera. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of São Paulo; 2014. Available from: http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17135/tde-21052014-090558/ ;

10. Li, Nanbing. Atypical Cadherin Dachsous Regulates The Cytoskeleton And Gastrulation Movements During Zebrafish Development.

Degree: PhD, Biology & Biomedical Sciences (Developmental, Regenerative, & Stem Cell Biology), 2015, Washington University in St. Louis

URL: https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/art_sci_etds/662

► Dachsous (Dchs), an evolutionarily conserved atypical cadherin, regulates planar cell polarity, tissue size, and cell adhesion in Drosophila. However, its functions in vertebrates are… (more)

▼ Dachsous (Dchs), an evolutionarily conserved atypical cadherin, regulates planar cell polarity, tissue size, and cell adhesion in Drosophila. However, its functions in vertebrates are just beginning to be elucidated. Inactivating one of two murine homologs, Dchs1, leads to multi-organ defects and postnatal lethality. Recent studies in humans suggest that mutations in DCHS1 cause pleiotropic Van Maldergem syndrome. My thesis work focuses on the functional characterization of zebrafish dchs1b and dchs2 genes. Mutations in dchs1b and dchs2 genes affect several aspects of embryogenesis, including gastrulation. Unexpectedly, dchs1b is also essential for the earliest vertebrate developmental stage, egg activation. We show that maternally contributed dchs1b coordinates cytoskeleton dependent processes including cortical granule exocytosis (GCE), cytoplasmic segregation, cell divisions, and maternal mRNA translocation in transcriptionally silent early embryos. Later, maternal zygotic (MZ) dchs1b mutants exhibit altered expression of several genes expressed in the dorsal organizer and mesendoderm, due to impaired transport of a dorsal determinant and Nodal signaling. Mechanistically, aspects of the MZdchs1b phenotype can be explained by defects in either actin and/or microtubule networks, which both appear aberrantly bundled in mutants. Accordingly, disruption of actin cytoskeleton in wild-type embryos phenocopied MZdchs1b mutant defects in cytoplasmic segregation and CGE. Whereas, interfering with microtubules in wild-type embryos impaired dorsal organizer and mesodermal gene expression without perceptible earlier phenotypes. During gastrulation, both MZdchs1b and MZdchs2 mutants manifest defects in morphogenic movements: delayed epiboly in mutants is caused in part by defects in actin and microtubule cytoskeleton and adhesion defects, which is independent of planar cell polarity pathway; and cell polarity that drives convergence and extension, which is under planar cell polarity pathway regulation. My work establishes novel roles for vertebrate Dchs in actin and microtubule cytoskeletons regulation in an unanticipated single cell context of the early zygote and conservation of function for Dchs in regulation of planar cell polarity that could contribute to the pleiotropic defects caused by mutations in mammalian Dchs homologs. Advisors/Committee Members: Lilianna Solnica-Krezel, James Skeath, Gregory Longmore, John Cooper, Kristen Kroll, Kelly Monk.

Subjects/Keywords: actin; cytoplasmic streaming; egg activation; gastrulation; mesodermal cell fate; microtubule

…vertebrate developmental stage, egg activation. We show that maternally contributed dchs1b… …by fertilization and egg activation, followed by cell cleavages resulting in an 18… …x28;Marlow, 2010). In zebrafish, egg activation upon fertilization triggers cortical… …egg activation and function to initiate asymmetric translocation of the maternal dorsal… …Minutes post activation MO Antisense morpholino…

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Li, N. (2015). Atypical Cadherin Dachsous Regulates The Cytoskeleton And Gastrulation Movements During Zebrafish Development. (Doctoral Dissertation). Washington University in St. Louis. Retrieved from https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/art_sci_etds/662

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Li, Nanbing. “Atypical Cadherin Dachsous Regulates The Cytoskeleton And Gastrulation Movements During Zebrafish Development.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, Washington University in St. Louis. Accessed January 18, 2021. https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/art_sci_etds/662.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Li, Nanbing. “Atypical Cadherin Dachsous Regulates The Cytoskeleton And Gastrulation Movements During Zebrafish Development.” 2015. Web. 18 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Li N. Atypical Cadherin Dachsous Regulates The Cytoskeleton And Gastrulation Movements During Zebrafish Development. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Washington University in St. Louis; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 18]. Available from: https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/art_sci_etds/662.

Council of Science Editors:

Li N. Atypical Cadherin Dachsous Regulates The Cytoskeleton And Gastrulation Movements During Zebrafish Development. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Washington University in St. Louis; 2015. Available from: https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/art_sci_etds/662

11. York-Andersen, Anna Henrietta. Investigating the calcium wave and actin dynamics at Drosophila egg activation.

Degree: PhD, 2019, University of Cambridge

URL: https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.36137 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.767804

► Egg activation is a series of highly coordinated processes that prepare the mature oocyte for embryogenesis. Typically associated with fertilisation, egg activation results in the… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: egg activation; calcium; drosophila; mrna; actin; actin wave; calcium wave; cytoskeleton; oocyte; oogenesis; osmolarity

…4.3.9 Cortical actin cytoskeleton is more dynamic following egg activation 90 4.4… …egg activation 99 5.1 Introduction 100 5.1.1 Overview of the chapter 100 5.1.2 Voltage… …at Drosophila egg activation 5.3.3 Possible IP3 receptor requirement at Drosophila egg… …Discussion 121 125 128 5.4.1 Calcium influx at egg activation 128 vii 5.4.1.1 The role of… …voltage-gated channels at egg activation 128 5.4.1.2 The role of TRP channels at egg…

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

York-Andersen, A. H. (2019). Investigating the calcium wave and actin dynamics at Drosophila egg activation. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Cambridge. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.36137 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.767804

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

York-Andersen, Anna Henrietta. “Investigating the calcium wave and actin dynamics at Drosophila egg activation.” 2019. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Cambridge. Accessed January 18, 2021. https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.36137 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.767804.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

York-Andersen, Anna Henrietta. “Investigating the calcium wave and actin dynamics at Drosophila egg activation.” 2019. Web. 18 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

York-Andersen AH. Investigating the calcium wave and actin dynamics at Drosophila egg activation. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Cambridge; 2019. [cited 2021 Jan 18]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.36137 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.767804.

Council of Science Editors:

York-Andersen AH. Investigating the calcium wave and actin dynamics at Drosophila egg activation. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Cambridge; 2019. Available from: https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.36137 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.767804

Open Access Theses and Dissertations