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1.
Wellington Ferreira de Jesus.
Despesa sagrada: um estudo sobre a vinculação constitucional de verbas para a educação nas constituições brasileiras.
Degree: 2007, Universidade Católica de Brasilia
URL: http://www.bdtd.ucb.br/tede/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=587
► No presente trabalho busca-se analisar as raízes e os fundamentos dos processos de vinculação constitucional de verbas para a educação no Brasil, a partir da…
(more)
▼ No presente trabalho busca-se analisar as raízes e os fundamentos dos processos de vinculação constitucional de verbas para a educação no Brasil, a partir da Constituição de 1934, e da sua retomada na Constituição de 1946. No desenvolvimento do trabalho empreendeu-se a pesquisa e a análise dos Anais e Diários das Assembléias Constituintes de 1933-34 e 1946, bem como o levantamento do contexto histórico e social, e as correspondentes necessidades do financiamento à educação no país, além do estudo da literatura pertinente. Os resultados revelaram que, tanto em 1933-34 quanto em 1946, as propostas que fundamentavam a necessidade de vinculação de recursos eram o combate ao analfabetismo, a perspectiva de início da solução o Problema Nacional e da definição constitucional de verbas e do papel dos entes federativos na administração e financiamento da educação. O aspecto singular reside no fato de que a vinculação era parte integrante do processo de desenvolvimento e efetivação da educação como direito pleno da sociedade, cabendo ao Estado o papel de promovê-lo de forma completa. Tais elementos demonstram que as origens da vinculação constitucional de verbas para a educação se encontram na década de 1930, sendo o processo concretizado em 1934. O seu porta-voz foi Miguel Couto, integrante do grupo dos Pioneiros da Educação Nova. Suprimida durante a ditadura do Estado Novo (1937-1945), a vinculação foi restaurada pela Carta de 1946 com o apoio das forças políticas da situação (PSD e PTB) e da oposição, liderada pela UDN.
This research project analyzes the roots and fundamentals of resources constitutional earmarking in favor of education to Brazils constitution, from their origins in the 1934 Constitution to their in the 1946 Constitution. In order to develop this piece of work the Annals and Journals of the Constitutional Assemblies of 1933-34 and 1946 were researched and analyzed, as well as a survey of the historical records related to the strengthening of capitalism, the corresponding need to finance education in the country and other relevant documentation. These results reveal that just as in 1933-34 so also in 1946, the main argument for the resources earmarking was to combat illiteracy from the perspective of both initiating the resolution of a national problem and of defining in constitutional terms the function of federal agencies in the administration and financing of education. The most remarkable aspect lay in the fact that resources earmarking was an integral part of the development process of effectively making education the absolute right of society, giving to the State full responsibility for promoting it. Such elements demonstrate that the origins of the resources constitutional earmarking in favor of education lay in the 1930s, being fulfilled in the 1934 Constitution with Miguel Couto, a member of the New Education Pioneers Group, as its spokesman. After the New State Dictatorship (1937-1945) and the return to Democracy, earmarking resources for education were restored by the 1946 Constitution, with…
Advisors/Committee Members: Candido Alberto da Costa Gomes, Clélia de Freitas Capanema, Ines Garbuio Peralta.
Subjects/Keywords: pioneiros da educação nova; história da educação; assembléias constituintes; financiamento da educação; vinculação de recursos; EDUCACAO; education financing; resources earmarking; constitutional assemblies; brazilian education history; new education pioneers; brazilian education after 1930; EDUCACAO
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APA (6th Edition):
Jesus, W. F. d. (2007). Despesa sagrada: um estudo sobre a vinculação constitucional de verbas para a educação nas constituições brasileiras. (Masters Thesis). Universidade Católica de Brasilia. Retrieved from http://www.bdtd.ucb.br/tede/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=587
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Jesus, Wellington Ferreira de. “Despesa sagrada: um estudo sobre a vinculação constitucional de verbas para a educação nas constituições brasileiras.” 2007. Masters Thesis, Universidade Católica de Brasilia. Accessed January 26, 2021.
http://www.bdtd.ucb.br/tede/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=587.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Jesus, Wellington Ferreira de. “Despesa sagrada: um estudo sobre a vinculação constitucional de verbas para a educação nas constituições brasileiras.” 2007. Web. 26 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Jesus WFd. Despesa sagrada: um estudo sobre a vinculação constitucional de verbas para a educação nas constituições brasileiras. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Universidade Católica de Brasilia; 2007. [cited 2021 Jan 26].
Available from: http://www.bdtd.ucb.br/tede/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=587.
Council of Science Editors:
Jesus WFd. Despesa sagrada: um estudo sobre a vinculação constitucional de verbas para a educação nas constituições brasileiras. [Masters Thesis]. Universidade Católica de Brasilia; 2007. Available from: http://www.bdtd.ucb.br/tede/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=587

Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
2.
Gabriel Demetrio Domingues.
Uma contribuição à teoria das contribuições.
Degree: Master, 2014, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
URL: http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=7569
;
► A insuficiente definição conceitual das contribuições, seja a nível constitucional, seja a nível do Código Tributário Nacional, tem possibilitado a instituição de contribuições especiais pela…
(more)
▼ A insuficiente definição conceitual das contribuições, seja a nível constitucional, seja a nível do Código Tributário Nacional, tem possibilitado a instituição de contribuições especiais pela União Federal sem quase nenhum parâmetro de controle, exceto pelas exigências de afetação do produto da arrecadação a uma finalidade específica (social, econômica ou
profissional) e de referibilidade dos benefícios ao grupo de contribuintes. Ocorre que o primeiro requisito (da afetação) é de dificílimo controle e tem sido pouco observado, enquanto que o segundo (da referibilidade) é um conceito ainda muito aberto e sujeito a uma interpretação elástica pelos tribunais, que tem reconhecido a sua existência mesmo nos casos em que a atuação estatal não se refere direta e imediatamente ao grupo de contribuintes. Isso, na prática, abriu à União Federal um campo de incidência quase ilimitado a explorar por meio da criação de contribuições que muitas vezes não passam de meros impostos com destinação especial, agravando os problemas de escalada da carga tributária, concentração das receitas tributárias na União Federal, crescente dependência de Estados e Municípios de transferências federais e perda da racionalidade do já precário Sistema Tributário Nacional. Em vista disso, o presente trabalho visa contribuir para o desenvolvimento da teoria das contribuições, identificando novos parâmetros jurídicos para a sua classificação, estruturação e controle. Por meio desses aportes teóricos, busca-se também conferir maior racionalidade e coerência ao
Sistema Tributário Nacional, o que de maneira indireta também tende a contribuir para o desenvolvimento institucional do País.
The insufficient conceptual definition of contributions, both in the Constitution and in the National Tax Code, has enabled the establishment of special contributions by the Federal Government without almost any control parameter, except for the requirements of earmarking of the proceeds from the collection for a particular purpose (social, economic or professional) and linkage of the benefits to the group of taxpayers. However, the first requirement (earmarking) is very difficult to control and is rarely observed, while the second (linkage) is still a too open concept, subject to an elastic interpretation by the courts, which have recognized its existence even in cases where the state action does not directly refer to the group of taxpayers. This, in effect, ppened to the Federal Government an almost unlimited
field of taxation to explore through the creation of contributions that often are nothing more than simple "taxes with preestablished allocation", making even worse the problems of escalating tax burden, concentration of tax revenues on the Federal Government, growing dependence of states and municipalities on federal transfers and loss of rationality of the already precarious National Tax System. In view of this, the present work aims to contribute to the development of the theory of contributions, identifying new legal standards for its classification, structure…
Advisors/Committee Members: Ricardo Lodi Ribeiro, Sergio André Rocha Gomes da Silva, Aurélio Pitanga Seixas Filho.
Subjects/Keywords: Classificação dos Tributos; Espécies Tributárias; Contribuições;
Solidariedade; Parafiscalidade; Vinculação de Receita; Tredestinação; Tax Classification; Types of Tax; Contributions; Solidarity; Parallel Fiscal Budget; Earmarking of Revenues; Deviation of Earmarked Revenues; DIREITO TRIBUTARIO
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APA (6th Edition):
Domingues, G. D. (2014). Uma contribuição à teoria das contribuições. (Masters Thesis). Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Retrieved from http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=7569 ;
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Domingues, Gabriel Demetrio. “Uma contribuição à teoria das contribuições.” 2014. Masters Thesis, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Accessed January 26, 2021.
http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=7569 ;.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Domingues, Gabriel Demetrio. “Uma contribuição à teoria das contribuições.” 2014. Web. 26 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Domingues GD. Uma contribuição à teoria das contribuições. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 26].
Available from: http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=7569 ;.
Council of Science Editors:
Domingues GD. Uma contribuição à teoria das contribuições. [Masters Thesis]. Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro; 2014. Available from: http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=7569 ;
3.
Kuhn, Brian M.
The End of the Earmark Era: The New Politicization of
Federal Agency Spending.
Degree: MPA, Public Administration, 2017, Bowling Green State University
URL: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1510834473511441
► Political concerns have long played a determinative role in the distributive spending decisions of federal agencies. There exists a robust literature on mechanisms of distributive…
(more)
▼ Political concerns have long played a determinative
role in the distributive spending decisions of federal agencies.
There exists a robust literature on mechanisms of distributive
influence, exercised by both members of congress and the president;
each is motivated to secure forms of particularistic spending to
gain an electoral advantage. But recent research indicates that the
ban on Congressional earmarks has resulted in federal agencies
having more control over the allocation of distributive benefits
(Mills et al 2015). How has the ban on legislative earmarks shifted
the balance of competing influences over the distributive
landscape? Using data on federal spending from the Federal
Assistance Awards Data System (FAADS), I assess the impact of the
earmark ban by examining the relationship between indicators of
congressional and executive influence and distributive spending. My
findings suggest the ban on congressional earmarks weakens some
means of party-centric congressional influence, particularly the
distributive advantage enjoyed by the majority, while leaving those
of the president unaffected. I also find no relationship between an
agency’s level of independence and distributive outcomes as a
result of the ban on earmarks.
Advisors/Committee Members: Kalaf-Hughes, Nicole (Advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Public Administration; Political Science; public administration; distributive politics; earmarks; earmarking; distributive spending; FAADS
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APA ·
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MLA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Kuhn, B. M. (2017). The End of the Earmark Era: The New Politicization of
Federal Agency Spending. (Masters Thesis). Bowling Green State University. Retrieved from http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1510834473511441
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Kuhn, Brian M. “The End of the Earmark Era: The New Politicization of
Federal Agency Spending.” 2017. Masters Thesis, Bowling Green State University. Accessed January 26, 2021.
http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1510834473511441.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Kuhn, Brian M. “The End of the Earmark Era: The New Politicization of
Federal Agency Spending.” 2017. Web. 26 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Kuhn BM. The End of the Earmark Era: The New Politicization of
Federal Agency Spending. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Bowling Green State University; 2017. [cited 2021 Jan 26].
Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1510834473511441.
Council of Science Editors:
Kuhn BM. The End of the Earmark Era: The New Politicization of
Federal Agency Spending. [Masters Thesis]. Bowling Green State University; 2017. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1510834473511441

Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore
4.
FRISONI, ROBERTA.
Come affrontare il problema del traffico nelle città: road pricing versus charge subsidy.
Degree: 2007, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10280/195
► Da diversi anni la letteratura economica raccomanda l'utilizzo del road pricing come strumento efficiente per internalizzare le esternalità (ambientali e di congestione) prodotte dalla circolazione…
(more)
▼ Da diversi anni la letteratura economica raccomanda l'utilizzo del road pricing come strumento efficiente per internalizzare le esternalità (ambientali e di congestione) prodotte dalla circolazione dei veicoli sulle strade. Tuttavia, l'accettabilità di questo strumento è in genere molto bassa. Pertanto, il lavoro di ricerca svolto è stato indirizzato allo studio di uno schema di road pricing più accettabile, giungendo alla elaborazione di una politica innovativa, il charge-subsidy road pricing (CSRP). Il CSRP prevede che gli automobilisti ricevano gratuitamente un certo numero di permessi che consente loro di guidare in un'area soggetta a pricing nelle ore in cui è in richiesto il pagamento. Inoltre, il CSRP consente a coloro che hanno bisogno di un numero maggiore di permessi di comprarne di aggiuntivi dentro pagamento di una charge; allo stesso tempo lo schema prevede che coloro che riescono a risparmiare parte dei permessi ricevuti possano restituirli e ottenere in cambio un beneficio (monetario/fiscale o in natura ) dall'amministrazione incaricata di gestire il sistema. L'idea di fondo che sta dietro il CSRP è il fatto che la distribuzione gratuita di un certo numero di permessi dovrebbe rendere il CSRP più accettabile di altre politiche di road pricing più tradizionali: il lavoro svolto testa questa ipotesi sia da un punto di vista teorico che empirico.
Economists tend to support road pricing for its efficiency properties in tackling road usage externalities (in particular, congestion and environmental impacts), but usually the acceptability of this instrument is really low both among the general public and politicians. Thus, this PhD research is an attempt to design and analyse a more acceptable road pricing scheme, i.e. a charge-subsidy road pricing scheme (CSRP) where car owners are allotted an amount of free units they can use in place of money to pay for the kind of road pricing scheme implemented. Under the CSRP those who want to drive more than the allowance provided are required to pay a charge, while a (monetary/fiscal or in kind) subsidy might be given to those who manage to spare some of the initially distributed rights. The presence of an initial amount of free units should make the CSRP more acceptable than other traditional road pricing schemes: indeed this work investigates this hypothesis by means of a theoretical and an empirical analysis.
Advisors/Committee Members: BORDIGNON, MASSIMO, BOITANI, ANDREA.
Subjects/Keywords: SECS-P/03: SCIENZA DELLE FINANZE; politica dei trasporti, esternalità dei trasporti, Road pricing ,Charge-subsidy road pricing (CSRP), tassa di scopo, efficienza, accettabilità, transport policy, transport externalities, earmarking, efficiency, acceptability
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
FRISONI, R. (2007). Come affrontare il problema del traffico nelle città: road pricing versus charge subsidy. (Doctoral Dissertation). Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10280/195
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
FRISONI, ROBERTA. “Come affrontare il problema del traffico nelle città: road pricing versus charge subsidy.” 2007. Doctoral Dissertation, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore. Accessed January 26, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10280/195.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
FRISONI, ROBERTA. “Come affrontare il problema del traffico nelle città: road pricing versus charge subsidy.” 2007. Web. 26 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
FRISONI R. Come affrontare il problema del traffico nelle città: road pricing versus charge subsidy. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore; 2007. [cited 2021 Jan 26].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10280/195.
Council of Science Editors:
FRISONI R. Come affrontare il problema del traffico nelle città: road pricing versus charge subsidy. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore; 2007. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10280/195

University of Georgia
5.
Zhao, Zhirong.
Property tax relief, additional revenue, or tax mimicking?.
Degree: 2014, University of Georgia
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10724/22856
► Since the 1970s, local governments in Georgia have been authorized, upon voter approval, to levy a one-percent general-purpose Local Option Sales Tax (LOST), which is…
(more)
▼ Since the 1970s, local governments in Georgia have been authorized, upon voter approval, to levy a one-percent general-purpose Local Option Sales Tax (LOST), which is earmarked for property tax relief. Using socioeconomic and fiscal data
during the period 1975-2002, this dissertation examines the adoption and budgetary effects of the LOST in Georgia counties. The adoption of the LOST is studies with a discrete-time event history analysis. The results suggest that the probability that an
eligible county will adopt the LOST is determined by a set of motivations, obstacles, and resources. The motivations are related to the perceived property tax level, the existence of fiscal pressure, and the potential of sales tax exportation. The
obstacles are related to existing sales tax rates and the level of tax competition. The resources for overcoming these obstacles are related to the tax mimicking behavior in the process of policy diffusion. Budgetary effects of the LOST are examined with
pooled time-series regressions. The results suggest that (1) the rollback of property tax millage rates by the LOST is gradually offset by a faster growth of the rates in the post-LOST period; (2) the LOST proceeds are fungible, as they lead to higher
levels of revenue and expenditure in the counties; and (3) the levels of fungibility vary across counties in accordance with their fiscal and socioeconomic conditions.
Subjects/Keywords: ABSTRACT Since the 1970s; local governments in Georgia have been authorized; upon voter approval; to levy a one-percent general-purpose Local Option Sales Tax (LOST); which is earmarked for property tax relief. Using socioeconomic and fiscal data during the period 1975-2002; this dissertation examines the adoption and budgetary effects of the LOST in Georgia counties. The adoption of the LOST is studies with a discrete-time event history analysis. The results suggest that the probability that an eligible county will
adopt the LOST is determined by a set of motivations; obstacles; and resources. The motivations are related to the perceived property tax level; the existence of fiscal pressure; and the potential of sales tax exportation. The obstacles are related to existing sales tax rates and the level of tax competition. The resources for overcoming these obstacles are related to the tax mimicking behavior in the process of policy
diffusion. Budgetary effects of the LOST are examined with pooled time-series regressions. The results suggest that (1) the rollback of property tax millage rates by the LOST is gradually offset by a faster growth of the rates in the post-LOST
period; (2) the LOST proceeds are fungible; as they lead to higher levels of revenue and expenditure in the counties; and (3) the levels of fungibility vary across counties in accordance with their fiscal and socioeconomic conditions. INDEX WORDS: Local option sales tax; Property tax relief; Policy innovation; Policy diffusion; Earmarking; Tax mimicking
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Zhao, Z. (2014). Property tax relief, additional revenue, or tax mimicking?. (Thesis). University of Georgia. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10724/22856
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Zhao, Zhirong. “Property tax relief, additional revenue, or tax mimicking?.” 2014. Thesis, University of Georgia. Accessed January 26, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10724/22856.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Zhao, Zhirong. “Property tax relief, additional revenue, or tax mimicking?.” 2014. Web. 26 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Zhao Z. Property tax relief, additional revenue, or tax mimicking?. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Georgia; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 26].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10724/22856.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Zhao Z. Property tax relief, additional revenue, or tax mimicking?. [Thesis]. University of Georgia; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10724/22856
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
.