subject:(Droplet impact on super hydrophobic surface)

Iowa State University

1. Li, Haixing. Experimental studies on the dynamics of in-flight and impacting water droplets pertinent to aircraft icing phenomena.

Degree: 2017, Iowa State University

URL: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/15564

► Aircraft icing is widely recognized as a significant hazard to aircraft operations in cold weather. When an aircraft or rotorcraft fly in a cold climate,… (more)

▼ Aircraft icing is widely recognized as a significant hazard to aircraft operations in cold weather. When an aircraft or rotorcraft fly in a cold climate, some of the super-cooled water droplets would impact and freeze on the exposed aircraft surfaces to form ice shapes, which can degrade the aerodynamic performance of an airplane significantly by decreasing lift while increasing drag, and even lead to the aircraft crash. In the present study, a series of experimental investigations were conducted to investigate dynamics and thermodynamics of in-flight and impinging water droplets in order to elucidate the underlying physics of the important microphysical process pertinent to aircraft icing phenomena. A novel lifetime-based molecular tagging thermometry technique (MTT) is developed to achieve simultaneous measurements of droplet size, flying velocity and transient temperature of in-flight water droplets to characterize the dynamic and thermodynamic behaviors of the micro-sized in-flight droplets pertinent to aircraft icing phenomena. By using high-speed imaging and infrared thermal imaging techniques, a comprehensive experimental study was conducted to quantify the unsteady heat transfer and phase changing processes as water droplets impinging onto frozen cold surfaces under different test conditions (i.e., with different Weber numbers, Reynolds numbers, and impact angles of the impinging droplets, different temperature, hydrophobicity and roughness of the test plates) to simulate the scenario of super-cooled water droplets impinging onto the frozen cold wing surfaces. A novel digital image projector (DIP) technique was also developed to achieve time-resolved film thickness measurements to quantify the dynamic impinging process of water droplets (i.e., droplet impact, rebounding, splashing and freezing process). An impact droplet maximum spreading diameter model and a damped harmonic oscillator model was proposed based on precise measurement of the impact droplet 3D shape. A better understanding of the important micro physical processes pertinent to aircraft icing phenomena would lead to better ice accretion models for more accurate prediction of ice formation and accretion on aircraft wings as well as develop more effective and robust anti-/de-icing strategies for safer and more efficient operation of aircraft in cold weather.

Subjects/Keywords: 3-D shape reconstruction of impact droplet; Aircraft icing; Droplet impact dynamics; Droplet impact on super-hydrophobic surface; In-flight droplets temperature measurement; Aerospace Engineering

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APA (6^th Edition):

Li, H. (2017). Experimental studies on the dynamics of in-flight and impacting water droplets pertinent to aircraft icing phenomena. (Thesis). Iowa State University. Retrieved from https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/15564

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Li, Haixing. “Experimental studies on the dynamics of in-flight and impacting water droplets pertinent to aircraft icing phenomena.” 2017. Thesis, Iowa State University. Accessed March 07, 2021. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/15564.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Li, Haixing. “Experimental studies on the dynamics of in-flight and impacting water droplets pertinent to aircraft icing phenomena.” 2017. Web. 07 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Li H. Experimental studies on the dynamics of in-flight and impacting water droplets pertinent to aircraft icing phenomena. [Internet] [Thesis]. Iowa State University; 2017. [cited 2021 Mar 07]. Available from: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/15564.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Li H. Experimental studies on the dynamics of in-flight and impacting water droplets pertinent to aircraft icing phenomena. [Thesis]. Iowa State University; 2017. Available from: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/15564

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Northeastern University

2. Gao, Fei. Numerical simulation of the droplet-surface impact using interFoam.

Degree: MS, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, 2016, Northeastern University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2047/D20194500

► Droplet dynamics involves multi-scale forces from inertia body force, interior viscous shear stress to surface tension. The main purpose of this thesis is to simulate… (more)

▼ Droplet dynamics involves multi-scale forces from inertia body force, interior viscous shear stress to surface tension. The main purpose of this thesis is to simulate the normal impact of a liquid droplet on a hydrophobic surface by solving for the Navier[nil]Stokes equations. The numerical results obtained is used to evaluate the effects of variable parameters on the droplet deformation evolution. The numerical simulation also works as a complimentary part of the experimental exploration, by the group members in the Droplet-Surface Impact Project in Northeastern University.; The computational tool used is OpenFOAM, an open source CFD software package licensed and distributed by the OpenFOAM Foundation. The specific solver used is interFoam for this two phase problem. Water is modeled as a representative of the Newtonian fluids, while blood is modeled to represent non-Newtonian fluids. Multiple variables of the droplet-surface impact are investigated numerically: initial velocity, droplet diameter, transport properties, all of which contributes to a variation of the Weber number.; The numerical results obtained for water droplets are supported by experimental data and also semi-empirical correlations. The spreading behavior and generation of ripples are in good agreement with that observed in the experimental tests. As the capillary effects become more dominant in the recoiling period, a discrepancy starts to show by a pre-maturely generated secondary droplet in simulation. Possible reasons are speculated for this discrepancy between numerical and experimental results.; In the numerical comparison between water and blood droplets, a resemblance of droplet behavior in the initial spreading process is observed, while the recoiling process shows differences: blood droplets rebound in an "irregular" way compared to water droplets. The difference in deformation behaviors caused by varied transport properties leads to a way of distinguishing liquids by simple droplet-surface impact tests.

Subjects/Keywords: droplet impact; hydrophobic surface; simulation; Drops; Fluid dynamics; Simulation methods; Computational fluid dynamics; Water; Fluid dynamics; Simulation methods; Blood; Fluid dynamics; Simulation methods; Hydrophobic surfaces; Shear (Mechanics)

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APA (6^th Edition):

Gao, F. (2016). Numerical simulation of the droplet-surface impact using interFoam. (Masters Thesis). Northeastern University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2047/D20194500

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Gao, Fei. “Numerical simulation of the droplet-surface impact using interFoam.” 2016. Masters Thesis, Northeastern University. Accessed March 07, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2047/D20194500.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Gao, Fei. “Numerical simulation of the droplet-surface impact using interFoam.” 2016. Web. 07 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Gao F. Numerical simulation of the droplet-surface impact using interFoam. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Northeastern University; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 07]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2047/D20194500.

Council of Science Editors:

Gao F. Numerical simulation of the droplet-surface impact using interFoam. [Masters Thesis]. Northeastern University; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2047/D20194500

King Abdullah University of Science and Technology

3. Khaled, Narimane. High-Speed Imaging of a Water Droplet Impacting a Super Cold Surface.

Degree: Physical Science and Engineering (PSE) Division, 2016, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10754/618394

► Frost formation is of a major research interest as it can affect many industrial processes. Frost appears as a thin deposit of ice crystals when… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Super Cold; Drop Impact; Dry Ice; Crack on Cold Surface; High Speed Fluid Imaging; Spere Coatings

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APA (6^th Edition):

Khaled, N. (2016). High-Speed Imaging of a Water Droplet Impacting a Super Cold Surface. (Thesis). King Abdullah University of Science and Technology. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10754/618394

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Khaled, Narimane. “High-Speed Imaging of a Water Droplet Impacting a Super Cold Surface.” 2016. Thesis, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology. Accessed March 07, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10754/618394.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Khaled, Narimane. “High-Speed Imaging of a Water Droplet Impacting a Super Cold Surface.” 2016. Web. 07 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Khaled N. High-Speed Imaging of a Water Droplet Impacting a Super Cold Surface. [Internet] [Thesis]. King Abdullah University of Science and Technology; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 07]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10754/618394.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Khaled N. High-Speed Imaging of a Water Droplet Impacting a Super Cold Surface. [Thesis]. King Abdullah University of Science and Technology; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10754/618394

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

4. Huang, Xiao. Dynamics Of Newtonian And Non-newtonian Liquid Droplet Impact On Super-hydrophobic Solid Surfaces.

Degree: PhD, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, 2019, Northeastern University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2047/D20324044

► The dynamics of liquid droplet impact on a super-hydrophobic surface was investigated experimentally and theoretically. The reactions of Newtonian droplet impact on a super-hydrophobic surface… (more)

▼ The dynamics of liquid droplet impact on a super-hydrophobic surface was investigated experimentally and theoretically. The reactions of Newtonian droplet impact on a super-hydrophobic surface at low impact velocities (0-1.7m/s) and low Weber numbers (0 - 200) were revisited. The work further extended the investigation to non-Newtonian drops such as shear-thickening cornstarch and shear-thinning blood. The spreading dynamics of pure water, milk, 15wt.% cornstarch colloidal solution and healthy rabbit blood drops were studied by experiments and compared to the previous reported theoretical models. While the Roisman's model agreed well with the Newtonian drop spreading, a large deviation was observed in the experiments with non-Newtonian drops, especially of blood. Further theoretical analysis revealed the effects of the blood shear thinning properties on the droplet spreading. With the knowledge of the experimental spreading dynamics, we developed a rim instability theory to explain the fingering behavior by modifying the classical Rayleigh-Plateau instability. Our model accurately predicted the fingering behavior of water, milk and cornstarch drops, but over-estimated the blood droplet fingering at high impact Weber numbers (greater than 105). Based on the preliminary theoretical analysis, the shear thinning of blood, caused by the red blood cells deformability, was believed as the reason for the deviations in fingering. Following the discussions of spreading and fingering, the stability of the liquid jet was investigated experimentally where the jet breakup modes as well as mode transition were introduced. The jet evolution maps were created for water, milk and cornstarch droplets based on the experiments. Similar to the spreading and fingering, the extraordinary stability of the blood droplet was observed in jetting and was coined as 'shear-thinning inertia-driven stability'. The investigations on jetting filled the vacuum in research on droplet impact. Furthermore, our work initiated the research on the dynamics of blood droplet impact. The 'shear-thinning inertia-driven stability' creates a connection between the blood dynamics and the red blood cells deformability which suggests an important potential application: early diagnosis of blood diseases.

Subjects/Keywords: Blood Drop Impact; Droplet Impact; Fingering; Non-Newtonian Liquid Drop; Shear-thinning Drop Impact; Super-Hydrophobic; Mechanical engineering

…61 4.8 Water droplet impact on a super-hydrophobic surface at different Weber numbers in… …droplet impact on a super-hydrophobic surface at different Weber numbers in horizontal view… …65 xi 4.10 Whole milk droplet impact on a super-hydrophobic surface at different Weber… …blood droplet impact on a super-hydrophobic surface at different Weber numbers in horizontal… …96 6.1 Liquid droplet impact on a rigid super-hydrophobic surface. A thin central film is…

10 more images…

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Huang, X. (2019). Dynamics Of Newtonian And Non-newtonian Liquid Droplet Impact On Super-hydrophobic Solid Surfaces. (Doctoral Dissertation). Northeastern University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2047/D20324044

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Huang, Xiao. “Dynamics Of Newtonian And Non-newtonian Liquid Droplet Impact On Super-hydrophobic Solid Surfaces.” 2019. Doctoral Dissertation, Northeastern University. Accessed March 07, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2047/D20324044.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Huang, Xiao. “Dynamics Of Newtonian And Non-newtonian Liquid Droplet Impact On Super-hydrophobic Solid Surfaces.” 2019. Web. 07 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Huang X. Dynamics Of Newtonian And Non-newtonian Liquid Droplet Impact On Super-hydrophobic Solid Surfaces. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Northeastern University; 2019. [cited 2021 Mar 07]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2047/D20324044.

Council of Science Editors:

Huang X. Dynamics Of Newtonian And Non-newtonian Liquid Droplet Impact On Super-hydrophobic Solid Surfaces. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Northeastern University; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2047/D20324044

Indian Institute of Science

5. Dilip, D. Maintaining Underwater Cassie State for Sustained Drag Reduction in Channel Flow.

Degree: PhD, Faculty of Engineering, 2018, Indian Institute of Science

URL: http://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/3157

► Water droplets tend to bead up on rough or textured hydrophobic surfaces by trapping air on the crevices underneath resulting in “Cassie” state of wetting.… (more)

▼ Water droplets tend to bead up on rough or textured hydrophobic surfaces by trapping air on the crevices underneath resulting in “Cassie” state of wetting. When a textured hydrophobic surface is immersed in water, the resulting underwater “Cassie” state can lead to significant drag reduction. The entrapped air pockets act as shear free regions and the composite interface consisting of alternate no slip and no shear regions thus formed can deliver substantial drag reduction during flow. The magnitude of drag reduction depends not only on the fractional coverage of air on the surface, but also on the size of the air pockets, with larger sized air pockets facilitating larger drag reduction. It is a common observance that Lotus leaf when kept immersed in water for a few minutes loses its water repellency due to the loss of entrapped air on the surface. Underwater Cassie state on textured hydrophobic surfaces is also not sustainable because of the depletion of air pockets caused by the diffusion of trapped air into water. This causes the drag reduction to diminish with time. Rate of diffusion of air across the water–air interface depends on the concentration gradient of air across the interface. Under flow conditions, removal of entrapped air is further enhanced by convection, leading to more rapid shrinkage of the air pockets. In order to sustain the Cassie state, it is thus necessary to continuously supply air to these air pockets. In this work, we explore the possibility of supplying air to the cavities on the textured surface inside a microchannel by controlling the solubility of air in water close to the surface. The solubility is varied by i) Controlling the absolute pressure inside the channel and ii) Localized heating of the surface To trap uniform air pockets, a textured surface containing a regular array of blind holes is used. The textured surface is generated by photo etching of brass and is rendered hydrophobic through a self-assembled monolayer. The sustainability of the underwater Cassie state of wetting on the surface is studied at various flow conditions. The air trapped on the textured surface is visualized using total internal reflection based technique, with the pressure drop (or drag) being simultaneously measured. Water which is initially saturated with air at atmospheric conditions, when subjected to sub-atmospheric pressures within the channel becomes supersaturated causing the air bubbles to grow in size. Further growth causes the bubbles to merge and eventually detach from the surface. The growth and subsequent merging of the air bubbles leads to a substantial increase in the pressure drop because as the air pockets grow in size, they project into the flow and start obstructing the flow. On the other hand, a pressure above the atmospheric pressure within the channel makes the water undersaturated with air, leading to gradual shrinkage and eventual disappearance of air bubbles. In this case, the air bubbles do cause reduction in the pressure drop with the minimum pressure drop (or maximum… Advisors/Committee Members: Govardhan, R N (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Underwater Cassie State; Wenzel State; Super-Hydrophobic Surfaces; Artificial Super-Hydrophobic Surfaces; Atmospheric Pressure; Hydrophobic Microchannels; Superhydrophobic Surface; Microchannel; Drag Reduction; Sustained Drag Reduction; Mechanical Engineering

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APA (6^th Edition):

Dilip, D. (2018). Maintaining Underwater Cassie State for Sustained Drag Reduction in Channel Flow. (Doctoral Dissertation). Indian Institute of Science. Retrieved from http://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/3157

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Dilip, D. “Maintaining Underwater Cassie State for Sustained Drag Reduction in Channel Flow.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, Indian Institute of Science. Accessed March 07, 2021. http://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/3157.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Dilip, D. “Maintaining Underwater Cassie State for Sustained Drag Reduction in Channel Flow.” 2018. Web. 07 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Dilip D. Maintaining Underwater Cassie State for Sustained Drag Reduction in Channel Flow. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Indian Institute of Science; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 07]. Available from: http://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/3157.

Council of Science Editors:

Dilip D. Maintaining Underwater Cassie State for Sustained Drag Reduction in Channel Flow. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Indian Institute of Science; 2018. Available from: http://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/3157

Georgia Tech

6. Choi, Won Tae. Modification of stainless steel surfaces for advanced functionalities.

Degree: PhD, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, 2017, Georgia Tech

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/59756

► Due to beneficial combination of corrosion resistance and mechanical strength, stainless steels are widely used in many industries ranging from marine to biomedical. Therefore, the… (more)

▼ Due to beneficial combination of corrosion resistance and mechanical strength, stainless steels are widely used in many industries ranging from marine to biomedical. Therefore, the extensive and varied applicability of stainless steels often require exposure to complex and harsh environment including water, oil, seawater, and physiological solution. We focused on modifying stainless steel surfaces to obtain advanced functionalities including hydrophobicity, corrosion resistance, and anti-bacterial properties. Stainless steel 316L (SS316L) is one of the most widely using stainless steels, and thereby modification of SS316L surface is of great practical relevance. Electrochemical etching was employed to modify SS316L surface, and a correlation between the applied anodic potential and SS316L surface topography was founded, which was served as a basis to develop advanced functionalities. A two-step electrochemical etching was performed to develop micro and nanoscale hierarchical structure on SS316L surface, and subsequent deposition of a fluoropolymer led to a super-hydrophobic SS316L surface. Improving corrosion resistance of stainless steels in seawater is significant to ensure the reliability of their maritime applications. Electrochemically modified SS316L surface displayed improved corrosion resistance in 0.6 M sodium chloride solution compared to as-received SS316L. Pathogenic bacterial adhesion on surface is problematic in many stainless steel biomedical applications. Nano-textured SS316L surface was achieved by the electrochemical etching, and the modified SS316L surface displayed reduction in bacterial adhesion on the surface. Furthermore, surface modification was performed on another metallic surface. A simple method to attain a wettability patterned copper surface was devised, and droplet manipulations on the surfaces were demonstrated. Advisors/Committee Members: Breedveld, Victor (advisor), Hess, Dennis W. (advisor), Singh, Preet M. (committee member), Fuller, Thomas F. (committee member), Meredith, Carson (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Surface modification; Electrochemical etching; Stainless steel; Super-hydrophobic; Corrosion resistance; Anti-fouling; Selective wetting

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APA (6^th Edition):

Choi, W. T. (2017). Modification of stainless steel surfaces for advanced functionalities. (Doctoral Dissertation). Georgia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1853/59756

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Choi, Won Tae. “Modification of stainless steel surfaces for advanced functionalities.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, Georgia Tech. Accessed March 07, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/59756.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Choi, Won Tae. “Modification of stainless steel surfaces for advanced functionalities.” 2017. Web. 07 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Choi WT. Modification of stainless steel surfaces for advanced functionalities. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Georgia Tech; 2017. [cited 2021 Mar 07]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/59756.

Council of Science Editors:

Choi WT. Modification of stainless steel surfaces for advanced functionalities. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Georgia Tech; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/59756

Utah State University

7. Lovett, Benjamin B. Droplet Impact Onto Super-Hydrophobic Surfaces and Determining the Response to Heat and Light of Terrestrial Cyanobacteria.

Degree: MS, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, 2018, Utah State University

URL: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7403

► This thesis examines droplets striking water repelling surfaces as well as the movement of a soil based bacteria under various light and heat conditions.… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Droplet; Hydrophobic; Cyanobacteria; Mechanical Engineering

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APA (6^th Edition):

Lovett, B. B. (2018). Droplet Impact Onto Super-Hydrophobic Surfaces and Determining the Response to Heat and Light of Terrestrial Cyanobacteria. (Masters Thesis). Utah State University. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7403

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Lovett, Benjamin B. “Droplet Impact Onto Super-Hydrophobic Surfaces and Determining the Response to Heat and Light of Terrestrial Cyanobacteria.” 2018. Masters Thesis, Utah State University. Accessed March 07, 2021. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7403.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Lovett, Benjamin B. “Droplet Impact Onto Super-Hydrophobic Surfaces and Determining the Response to Heat and Light of Terrestrial Cyanobacteria.” 2018. Web. 07 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Lovett BB. Droplet Impact Onto Super-Hydrophobic Surfaces and Determining the Response to Heat and Light of Terrestrial Cyanobacteria. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Utah State University; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 07]. Available from: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7403.

Council of Science Editors:

Lovett BB. Droplet Impact Onto Super-Hydrophobic Surfaces and Determining the Response to Heat and Light of Terrestrial Cyanobacteria. [Masters Thesis]. Utah State University; 2018. Available from: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7403

8. Torkkeli, Altti. Droplet Microfluidics on a Planar Surface.

Degree: 2004, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland

URL: http://lib.tkk.fi/Diss/2003/isbn9513862380/

►

This work reports on the modelling of, and experiments on, a method in which liquid is transported as droplets on a planar hydrophobic surface with… (more)

▼

This work reports on the modelling of, and experiments on, a method in which liquid is transported as droplets on a planar hydrophobic surface with no moving parts, merely through electrostatic forces generated by the underlying electrodes. Two-directional transportation along a straight electrode path and across a junction, fusion of two droplets and methods for importing, exporting and filtering of water droplets were demonstrated, and can be used as basic functions of a lab-on-a-chip type microfluidic system. In this work, the electrostatic droplet actuation is for the first time demonstrated on super-hydrophobic surfaces. Such surfaces are composed of air-filled pores and exhibit a very low droplet sliding resistance due to reduced contact angle hysteresis and a high water contact angle (usually > 150°). This work shows that superhydrophobic surfaces can be used to reduce the minimum voltage and to increase the maximum speed under certain conditions, but there are some harmful side-effects. First of all, the electrostatic pressure can push water into the surface pores, which hinders actuation. The phenomenon can also be treated as a vertical electrowetting effect. Another drawback is that the use of superhydrophobic surfaces makes actuation more critical to the properties of the liquid. For example, actuation of biological buffer solutions was not successful. For these reasons, it is concluded that it is more beneficial to use a smooth surface with low hysteresis than a superhydrophobic surface in droplet actuation. Electrostatic droplet actuation is a potential method for manipulating liquid on a microscopic scale, but there is still work to do. This work contains a detailed examination of the droplet actuation mechanism, and trapping of charges in the solid-liquid interface is found to be the most severe problem that needs to be solved.

VTT publications, ISSN 1455-0849; 504

Advisors/Committee Members: Helsinki University of Technology, Department of Electrical and Communications Engineering, VTT Information Technology.

Subjects/Keywords: microfluidics; lab-on-a-chip; electrostatic droplet actuation; electrowetting; superhydrophobic surface; MEMS

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APA (6^th Edition):

Torkkeli, A. (2004). Droplet Microfluidics on a Planar Surface. (Thesis). VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland. Retrieved from http://lib.tkk.fi/Diss/2003/isbn9513862380/

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Torkkeli, Altti. “Droplet Microfluidics on a Planar Surface.” 2004. Thesis, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland. Accessed March 07, 2021. http://lib.tkk.fi/Diss/2003/isbn9513862380/.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Torkkeli, Altti. “Droplet Microfluidics on a Planar Surface.” 2004. Web. 07 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Torkkeli A. Droplet Microfluidics on a Planar Surface. [Internet] [Thesis]. VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland; 2004. [cited 2021 Mar 07]. Available from: http://lib.tkk.fi/Diss/2003/isbn9513862380/.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Torkkeli A. Droplet Microfluidics on a Planar Surface. [Thesis]. VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland; 2004. Available from: http://lib.tkk.fi/Diss/2003/isbn9513862380/

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Indian Institute of Science

9. Umashankar, Viverjita. Edge Effect of Semi-Infinite Rectangular Posts on Impacting Drops.

Degree: MSc Engg, Faculty of Engineering, 2018, Indian Institute of Science

URL: http://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/3644

► The inhibiting effect of a sharp edge on liquid spreading is well observed during drop interaction with textured surfaces. On groove-textured solid surfaces comprising unidirectional… (more)

▼ The inhibiting effect of a sharp edge on liquid spreading is well observed during drop interaction with textured surfaces. On groove-textured solid surfaces comprising unidirectional parallel grooves, the edge effect of posts results in the squeezing of drop liquid in the direction perpendicular to the grooves and the stretching of drop liquid along the grooves leading to anisotropy in drop flow, popularly known as wetting anisotropy which has been employed in several engineering applications. A recent study observed that the energy loss incurring at the edges of posts via contact angle hysteresis is primarily responsible for the anisotropic spreading of impacting drops on groove-textured surfaces. The present study aims to elucidate the role of edges on the spreading and receding dynamics of water drops. The experiments of drop impact are carried out on semi-infinite rectangular post comprising a pair of parallel 90-deg edges separated by a distance (post width) comparable to the diameter of impacting drop. The equilibrium shape of drops on the semi-infinite rectangular post is analyzed using open source computational tool Surface Evolver to optimize the ratio of initial droplet diameter to post width. Quantitative measurements of drop impact dynamics on semi-infinite rectangular posts are deduced by analysing high speed videos of impact process captured under three different camera views during experiments. Based on the role of post edges on impacting drops, different regimes of the impacting drops are characterized in terms of drop Weber number and the ratio of diameter of impacting drop to post width. Characteristic features of impact dynamics in each of the regimes are identified and discussed. It is seen that edges play a pivotal role on all stages of impact dynamics regardless of Weber number. Impacts in the regime of completely pinned drops on narrow posts are further analyzed to reveal characteristics of post-spreading oscillations. Advisors/Committee Members: Sivakumar, D (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Surface Evolver; Liquid Drop Impact Phenomena; Anisotropic Spreading; Interfacial Oscillations; Droplet Impact; Liquid Drop Impact; Semi-infinite Target Surfaces; Liquid Drop Generator; Semi-infinite Rectangular Post; Impact Dynamics; Aerospace Engineering

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APA (6^th Edition):

Umashankar, V. (2018). Edge Effect of Semi-Infinite Rectangular Posts on Impacting Drops. (Masters Thesis). Indian Institute of Science. Retrieved from http://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/3644

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Umashankar, Viverjita. “Edge Effect of Semi-Infinite Rectangular Posts on Impacting Drops.” 2018. Masters Thesis, Indian Institute of Science. Accessed March 07, 2021. http://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/3644.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Umashankar, Viverjita. “Edge Effect of Semi-Infinite Rectangular Posts on Impacting Drops.” 2018. Web. 07 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Umashankar V. Edge Effect of Semi-Infinite Rectangular Posts on Impacting Drops. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Indian Institute of Science; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 07]. Available from: http://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/3644.

Council of Science Editors:

Umashankar V. Edge Effect of Semi-Infinite Rectangular Posts on Impacting Drops. [Masters Thesis]. Indian Institute of Science; 2018. Available from: http://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/3644

King Abdullah University of Science and Technology

10. Mansoor, Mohammad M. Ultimate Cavity Dynamics of Hydrophobic Spheres Impacting on Free Water Surfaces.

Degree: Physical Science and Engineering (PSE) Division, 2012, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10754/277455

► Cavity formation resulting from the water-entry of solid objects has been the subject of extensive research owing to its practical relevance in naval, military, industrial,… (more)

▼ Cavity formation resulting from the water-entry of solid objects has been the subject of extensive research owing to its practical relevance in naval, military, industrial, sports and biological applications. The cavity formed by an impacting hydrophobic sphere normally seals at two places, one below (deep seal) and the other above the water surface (surface seal). For Froude numbers , the air flow into the resulting cavity is strong enough to suck the splash crown above the surface and disrupt the cavity dynamics before it deep seals. In this research work we eliminate surface seals by means of a novel practice of using cone splash-guards and examine the undisturbed transient cavity dynamics by impact of hydrophobic spheres for Froude numbers ranging . This enabled the measurement of extremely accurate pinch-off heights, pinch-off times, radial cavity collapse rates, and jet speeds in an extended range of Froude numbers compared to the previous work of Duclaux et al. (2007). Results in the extended regime were in remarkable agreement with the theoretical prediction of scaled pinch-off depth, and experimentally derived pinch-off time for . Furthermore, we investigated the influence of confinement on cavity formation by varying the cross-sectional area of the tank of liquid. In conjunction with surface seal elimination we observed the formation of multiple pinch-off points where a maximum of four deep seals were obtained in a sequential order for the Froude number range investigated. The presence of an elongated cavity beneath the first pinch-off point 5 resulted in evident "kinks" primarily related to the greatly diminished air pressure at the necking region caused by supersonic air flows (Gekle et al. 2010). Such flows passing through second pinch-offs were also found to choke the cavities beneath the first pinch- off depths causing radial expansion and hence disappearance of downward jets. Advisors/Committee Members: Thoroddsen, Sigurdur T (advisor), El Sayed, Tamer (committee member), Marston, Jeremy (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Cavity; Hydrophobic; Impact; Water; Entry

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Mansoor, M. M. (2012). Ultimate Cavity Dynamics of Hydrophobic Spheres Impacting on Free Water Surfaces. (Thesis). King Abdullah University of Science and Technology. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10754/277455

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Mansoor, Mohammad M. “Ultimate Cavity Dynamics of Hydrophobic Spheres Impacting on Free Water Surfaces.” 2012. Thesis, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology. Accessed March 07, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10754/277455.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Mansoor, Mohammad M. “Ultimate Cavity Dynamics of Hydrophobic Spheres Impacting on Free Water Surfaces.” 2012. Web. 07 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Mansoor MM. Ultimate Cavity Dynamics of Hydrophobic Spheres Impacting on Free Water Surfaces. [Internet] [Thesis]. King Abdullah University of Science and Technology; 2012. [cited 2021 Mar 07]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10754/277455.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Mansoor MM. Ultimate Cavity Dynamics of Hydrophobic Spheres Impacting on Free Water Surfaces. [Thesis]. King Abdullah University of Science and Technology; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10754/277455

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

York University

11. Banitabaei, Sayed Abdolhossein. Droplet Impact onto a Spherical Particle in Mid-Air.

Degree: PhD, Mechanical Engineering, 2019, York University

URL: https://yorkspace.library.yorku.ca/xmlui/handle/10315/36805

► Collision between a droplet and a particle has a wide range of applications in chemical and petrochemical industries, polyethylene synthesis, and particle coating. Various studies… (more)

▼ Collision between a droplet and a particle has a wide range of applications in chemical and petrochemical industries, polyethylene synthesis, and particle coating. Various studies in the literature indicate that the collision products are very different depending on the size and velocity of the particle and droplet, particle wettability and roughness, and physical properties of the liquid and the surrounding gas. The collision outcome is a liquid film (i.e. lamella) and the objective of this thesis is to identify various impact products in different conditions and to study how each category of the above mentioned parameters or a combination of them affect the lamella formation. Investigation of the droplet impact was divided into two parts: drop impact onto a still particle, and droplet impact onto a moving particle in mid-air. Contribution of this thesis to the field can be summarized as following. First, studying the impact phenomenon in a wider range of both Weber number (0.1<We<1146) and droplet-to-particle diameter ratio (1.4<Dr<5.0) compared to what already exists in the literature. Both experimental and numerical tools were developed and used to study the head-on impact between a droplet and a particle. Second, studying the effect of impact velocity, particle wettability, and the amount that each of these parameter contributes on collision outcomes. The required conditions for a lamella to be formed was also studied, and how the lamella geometry changes in case the impact velocity is changed, or hydrophilic/hydrophobic types of particles are used. Third, investigation of the effect of liquid viscosity on lamella formation; what the dynamics of the liquid is inside the film, and how the fluid field inside the lamella is affected by the viscosity changes. Fourth, identifying the role of ambient gas in lamella formation and how each of the drag and lift forces contribute in creating the liquid film. Fifth, developing a pneumatic droplet generator capable of producing single drops with various droplet sizes. The breakup phenomenon in the nozzle and droplet velocity upon pinch-off were also investigated in detail. Advisors/Committee Members: Amirfazli, Alidad (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Mechanical engineering; Droplet impact; Droplet impact onto a particle; Droplet impingement; Droplet impact onto curved surfaces; Droplet and particle collision

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Banitabaei, S. A. (2019). Droplet Impact onto a Spherical Particle in Mid-Air. (Doctoral Dissertation). York University. Retrieved from https://yorkspace.library.yorku.ca/xmlui/handle/10315/36805

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Banitabaei, Sayed Abdolhossein. “Droplet Impact onto a Spherical Particle in Mid-Air.” 2019. Doctoral Dissertation, York University. Accessed March 07, 2021. https://yorkspace.library.yorku.ca/xmlui/handle/10315/36805.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Banitabaei, Sayed Abdolhossein. “Droplet Impact onto a Spherical Particle in Mid-Air.” 2019. Web. 07 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Banitabaei SA. Droplet Impact onto a Spherical Particle in Mid-Air. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. York University; 2019. [cited 2021 Mar 07]. Available from: https://yorkspace.library.yorku.ca/xmlui/handle/10315/36805.

Council of Science Editors:

Banitabaei SA. Droplet Impact onto a Spherical Particle in Mid-Air. [Doctoral Dissertation]. York University; 2019. Available from: https://yorkspace.library.yorku.ca/xmlui/handle/10315/36805

York University

12. Banitabaei, Sayed Abdolhossein. Droplet Impact onto a Spherical Particle in Mid-Air.

Degree: PhD, Mechanical Engineering, 2019, York University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10315/36805

► Collision between a droplet and a particle has a wide range of applications in chemical and petrochemical industries, polyethylene synthesis, and particle coating. Various studies… (more)

▼ Collision between a droplet and a particle has a wide range of applications in chemical and petrochemical industries, polyethylene synthesis, and particle coating. Various studies in the literature indicate that the collision products are very different depending on the size and velocity of the particle and droplet, particle wettability and roughness, and physical properties of the liquid and the surrounding gas. The collision outcome is a liquid film (i.e. lamella) and the objective of this thesis is to identify various impact products in different conditions and to study how each category of the above mentioned parameters or a combination of them affect the lamella formation. Investigation of the droplet impact was divided into two parts: drop impact onto a still particle, and droplet impact onto a moving particle in mid-air. Contribution of this thesis to the field can be summarized as following. First, studying the impact phenomenon in a wider range of both Weber number (0.1<We<1146) and droplet-to-particle diameter ratio (1.4<Dr<5.0) compared to what already exists in the literature. Both experimental and numerical tools were developed and used to study the head-on impact between a droplet and a particle. Second, studying the effect of impact velocity, particle wettability, and the amount that each of these parameter contributes on collision outcomes. The required conditions for a lamella to be formed was also studied, and how the lamella geometry changes in case the impact velocity is changed, or hydrophilic/hydrophobic types of particles are used. Third, investigation of the effect of liquid viscosity on lamella formation; what the dynamics of the liquid is inside the film, and how the fluid field inside the lamella is affected by the viscosity changes. Fourth, identifying the role of ambient gas in lamella formation and how each of the drag and lift forces contribute in creating the liquid film. Fifth, developing a pneumatic droplet generator capable of producing single drops with various droplet sizes. The breakup phenomenon in the nozzle and droplet velocity upon pinch-off were also investigated in detail. Advisors/Committee Members: Amirfazli, Alidad (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Mechanical engineering; Droplet impact; Droplet impact onto a particle; Droplet impingement; Droplet impact onto curved surfaces; Droplet and particle collision

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Banitabaei, S. A. (2019). Droplet Impact onto a Spherical Particle in Mid-Air. (Doctoral Dissertation). York University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10315/36805

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Banitabaei, Sayed Abdolhossein. “Droplet Impact onto a Spherical Particle in Mid-Air.” 2019. Doctoral Dissertation, York University. Accessed March 07, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10315/36805.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Banitabaei, Sayed Abdolhossein. “Droplet Impact onto a Spherical Particle in Mid-Air.” 2019. Web. 07 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Banitabaei SA. Droplet Impact onto a Spherical Particle in Mid-Air. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. York University; 2019. [cited 2021 Mar 07]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10315/36805.

Council of Science Editors:

Banitabaei SA. Droplet Impact onto a Spherical Particle in Mid-Air. [Doctoral Dissertation]. York University; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10315/36805

Harvard University

13. Kolinski, John Martin. The role of air in droplet impact on a smooth, solid surface.

Degree: PhD, Engineering and Applied Sciences, 2014, Harvard University

URL: http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:13064817

►

The impact of liquid drops on solid surfaces is a ubiquitous phenomenon in our everyday experience; nevertheless, a general understanding of the dynamics governing droplet… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Mechanics; Applied Physics; Droplet impact

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APA (6^th Edition):

Kolinski, J. M. (2014). The role of air in droplet impact on a smooth, solid surface. (Doctoral Dissertation). Harvard University. Retrieved from http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:13064817

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kolinski, John Martin. “The role of air in droplet impact on a smooth, solid surface.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, Harvard University. Accessed March 07, 2021. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:13064817.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kolinski, John Martin. “The role of air in droplet impact on a smooth, solid surface.” 2014. Web. 07 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Kolinski JM. The role of air in droplet impact on a smooth, solid surface. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Harvard University; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 07]. Available from: http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:13064817.

Council of Science Editors:

Kolinski JM. The role of air in droplet impact on a smooth, solid surface. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Harvard University; 2014. Available from: http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:13064817

Virginia Tech

14. Mastropietro, Dean J. Interfacial Phenomena and Surface Forces of Hydrophobic Solids.

Degree: PhD, Chemical Engineering, 2014, Virginia Tech

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/48966

► At the molecular level the entropic “hydrophobic effect” is responsible for high interfacial energies between hydrophobic solids and aqueous liquids, the low solubility of apolar… (more)

▼ At the molecular level the entropic “hydrophobic effect” is responsible for high interfacial energies between hydrophobic solids and aqueous liquids, the low solubility of apolar solutes in aqueous solvents, and self-assembly in biological processes, such as vesicle formation and protein folding. Although it is known that a strong attraction between apolar molecules exists at the molecular level, it is not clear how this force scales up to objects with dimensions in the range 100 nm–1 m. This work sets out to measure the forces between particles with a radius of about 10 µm. Because we can only measure the total force, which includes the van der Waals force and the electrostatic forces, it is important to isolate the effect of “hydrophobicity”. We do this by measuring for systems where the particles are very hydrophobic (water contact angle, θ ~110°) and the van der Waals and electrostatic forces are very small. Under these conditions we find that the total force is very small: it is similar to the van der Waals force at separations exceeding 5 nm. Many early works on the hydrophobic force reported surface force at over 100 nm of separation. However, many of these strong, long-ranged attractive forces are likely caused by submicron interfacial bubbles, known as nanobubbles. Nanobubbles were imaged with an atomic force microscope to better understand their stability and dependence on solution properties, such as initial concentration of dissolved gas and changes in gas concentration. We found that nanobubbles still formed in degassed solutions and that lowering the dissolved gas concentration did not reduce the bubble size, implying that nanobubbles do not form from dissolved gas in the liquid phase or do not contain gas and are instead water vapor. Furthermore, addition of an oxygen scavenger agent, sodium sulfite, to a liquid phase that had been pressured with oxygen did not reduce bubble size which could be evidence that nanobubbles are impermeable to gas diffusion across the gas liquid interface, do not form from the dissolved gas in the surrounding liquid, or do not contain gas and are instead water vapor. Advisors/Committee Members: Ducker, William A. (committeechair), Davis, Richey M. (committee member), Esker, Alan R. (committee member), Martin, Stephen Michael (committee member), Walz, John Y. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: AFM; Hydrophobic; Aqueous; Surface Forces

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APA (6^th Edition):

Mastropietro, D. J. (2014). Interfacial Phenomena and Surface Forces of Hydrophobic Solids. (Doctoral Dissertation). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/48966

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Mastropietro, Dean J. “Interfacial Phenomena and Surface Forces of Hydrophobic Solids.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, Virginia Tech. Accessed March 07, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/48966.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Mastropietro, Dean J. “Interfacial Phenomena and Surface Forces of Hydrophobic Solids.” 2014. Web. 07 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Mastropietro DJ. Interfacial Phenomena and Surface Forces of Hydrophobic Solids. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 07]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/48966.

Council of Science Editors:

Mastropietro DJ. Interfacial Phenomena and Surface Forces of Hydrophobic Solids. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/48966

University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign

15. Weisensee, Patricia Barbara. Droplet interactions with micro- and nanostructured surfaces for advanced heat transfer applications.

Degree: PhD, Mechanical Engineering, 2016, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/95580

► Droplets. Droplets are omnipresent: from rain droplets, over ink-jet printers, to advanced heat exchangers and thermal management systems. But in order to use droplets to… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Wettability; Surface Engineering; Phase Change Heat Transfer; Droplet Impact; Dropwise Condensation; Lubricant-Infused Surface (LIS); Slippery liquid-infused porous surface (SLIPS); Splashing; Contact Time

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APA (6^th Edition):

Weisensee, P. B. (2016). Droplet interactions with micro- and nanostructured surfaces for advanced heat transfer applications. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2142/95580

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Weisensee, Patricia Barbara. “Droplet interactions with micro- and nanostructured surfaces for advanced heat transfer applications.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Accessed March 07, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2142/95580.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Weisensee, Patricia Barbara. “Droplet interactions with micro- and nanostructured surfaces for advanced heat transfer applications.” 2016. Web. 07 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Weisensee PB. Droplet interactions with micro- and nanostructured surfaces for advanced heat transfer applications. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 07]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/95580.

Council of Science Editors:

Weisensee PB. Droplet interactions with micro- and nanostructured surfaces for advanced heat transfer applications. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/95580

Indian Institute of Science

16. Gupta, Rahul. Influence of Chemical Coating on Droplet Impact Dynamics.

Degree: MSc Engg, Faculty of Engineering, 2018, Indian Institute of Science

URL: http://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/3262

► Dynamic behavior of impacting water drops on superhydrophobic solid surfaces provides important details on the stability/durability of such solid surfaces. Multi-scale surface roughness combined with… (more)

▼ Dynamic behavior of impacting water drops on superhydrophobic solid surfaces provides important details on the stability/durability of such solid surfaces. Multi-scale surface roughness combined with a layer of low energy chemical is an essential surface modification process followed to create superhydrophobic capabilities on solid surfaces. The present work aims at studying the effect of low energy surface coating on droplet impact dynamics by carrying out experiments of water drop impacts on rough solid surfaces with and without chemical modification. A group of six aluminium alloy (Al6061) surfaces (three pairs) are prepared. Roughness, characterized in terms mean surface roughness, Ra, is introduced to these metallic surfaces using sand-paper polishing, electric discharge machining (EDM), and chemical based surface etching process. Low energy surface layer is laid on the rough surfaces by coating NeverWet hydrophobic solution, octadecyl-trichloro-silane (OTS), and perfluorodecyltricholorosilane (FAS-17). The impact dynamics of water drops is analyzed by capturing high speed videos for a range of drop Weber number from 1 to 570 and the salient features of drop impact process on the coated rough surfaces are compared with the corresponding uncoated rough surfaces. A one-to-one comparison on the spreading, fingering, receding, and final equilibrium of impacting drops on the coated and uncoated target surfaces is presented. Upon coating NeverWet, the original surface features of the base aluminium surface are completely covered by the hydrophobic coating material resulting in a fresh top surface layer. The outcomes as well as the bounce-off characteristics of impacting water drops on the coated surface are comparable to those observed on lotus leaf. The surface morphology features of rough aluminium surfaces coated with OTS and FAS-17 are comparable to those of the corresponding uncoated surfaces. The quantitative measurements on primary spreading and maximum spread factor of impacting drops are largely unaffected by the presence of low energy chemical coating. The dominant effect of surface coating is seen on the receding of impacting drops and hence the final drop configuration. This behavior is more prominently seen on EDM fabricated rough surface (larger Ra) combined with OTS coating than that on etching based rough surface (smaller Ra) combined with FAS-17 coating highlighting the dependence of coating effect with roughness features. Advisors/Committee Members: Sivakumar, D (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Droplet Impact Dynamics; Low Energy Surface Coating; Surface Modification; Chemical Coating; Liquid Drop Impact; Solid Surfaces - Liquid Drop Impact; Aluminium Alloy Surfaces; Water Drop Impacts - Solid Surfaces; Superhydrophobic Surface; Water Droplets Impacting; Superhydrophobic Solid Surfaces; FAS-17; Impacting Water Drops; Drop Impact Dynamics; Aerospace Engineering

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Gupta, R. (2018). Influence of Chemical Coating on Droplet Impact Dynamics. (Masters Thesis). Indian Institute of Science. Retrieved from http://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/3262

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Gupta, Rahul. “Influence of Chemical Coating on Droplet Impact Dynamics.” 2018. Masters Thesis, Indian Institute of Science. Accessed March 07, 2021. http://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/3262.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Gupta, Rahul. “Influence of Chemical Coating on Droplet Impact Dynamics.” 2018. Web. 07 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Gupta R. Influence of Chemical Coating on Droplet Impact Dynamics. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Indian Institute of Science; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 07]. Available from: http://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/3262.

Council of Science Editors:

Gupta R. Influence of Chemical Coating on Droplet Impact Dynamics. [Masters Thesis]. Indian Institute of Science; 2018. Available from: http://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/3262

California State Polytechnic University – Pomona

17. Raymundo, David. It's the economy, stupid! : Super Bowl impact on local economy of publicly subsidized NFL Stadiums.

Degree: MS, Economics, 2015, California State Polytechnic University – Pomona

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10211.3/145805

► This paper examines the economic impact on a local community based on the city hosting the grandest game in the NFL, the Super Bowl. The… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Super Bowl local economic impact

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APA (6^th Edition):

Raymundo, D. (2015). It's the economy, stupid! : Super Bowl impact on local economy of publicly subsidized NFL Stadiums. (Masters Thesis). California State Polytechnic University – Pomona. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10211.3/145805

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Raymundo, David. “It's the economy, stupid! : Super Bowl impact on local economy of publicly subsidized NFL Stadiums.” 2015. Masters Thesis, California State Polytechnic University – Pomona. Accessed March 07, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10211.3/145805.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Raymundo, David. “It's the economy, stupid! : Super Bowl impact on local economy of publicly subsidized NFL Stadiums.” 2015. Web. 07 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Raymundo D. It's the economy, stupid! : Super Bowl impact on local economy of publicly subsidized NFL Stadiums. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. California State Polytechnic University – Pomona; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 07]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10211.3/145805.

Council of Science Editors:

Raymundo D. It's the economy, stupid! : Super Bowl impact on local economy of publicly subsidized NFL Stadiums. [Masters Thesis]. California State Polytechnic University – Pomona; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10211.3/145805

Texas A&M University

18. Lai, Chen-Ling. Effects of Induced Acoustic Vibrations on Droplet Shedding on Hybrid Micro-structured Surfaces.

Degree: MS, Mechanical Engineering, 2014, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/152596

► Artificial hydrophobic and superhydrophobic surfaces have been studied in the last ten years in an effort to understand the effects of structured micro- and nano-… (more)

▼ Artificial hydrophobic and superhydrophobic surfaces have been studied in the last ten years in an effort to understand the effects of structured micro- and nano- scale features on droplet motion and self-cleaning mechanisms. Among these structured surfaces, hybrid surfaces consisting of a combination of hydrophilic and hydrophobic materials have been designed, fabricated and characterized to understand how surface properties and morphology affect enhanced droplet growth rates and droplet shedding during condensation. However, use of hybrid surfaces in condensation leads to a strong pinning effect that takes place between the condensing droplets and the hydrophobic-hydrophillic edge, leading to a significant contact angle hysteresis effect. In an effort to circumvent the pinning effect, a vibration-induced droplet shedding method has been explored to overcome contact angle hysteresis and facilitate droplet shedding at lower rolling angles. To understand the effects of hybrid surface morphology and vibration modes on droplet removal from surfaces used for condensation, this research study focuses on the effects of acoustic-induced vibrations on droplet sliding at different inclined angles on hybrid surfaces. A hydrophilic surface (silicon surface) has been used as the baseline in the study to be able to uncover the effects of vibration on pinned droplets. Firstly, the relationship between sliding angles and droplet volume was investigated experimentally for hybrid surfaces with different spacings. Then, the effects of natural resonance frequencies of droplets with different volumes on different surfaces were also studied using a resonance model and a customized experimental setup. Acoustic-induced vibrations were then applied to the surfaces to understand the effects of single or multiple resonance frequencies on droplet sliding angles. Droplet vibration and roll-off processes were experimentally characterized using a high speed imaging system. An acoustic sensor was also used to measure the induced frequencies and amplitudes. Experimental results to date show that hybrid surfaces with larger spacing leads to lower droplet sliding angles. Furthermore, droplets under the influence of acoustic waves depict different contour morphologies when vibrating at different resonance frequencies. Moreover, droplet sliding angles can be reduced through vibration when the proper combination of droplet size and surface morphology is prescribed. Future studies will consider the use of acoustic waves in actual condensers. Advisors/Committee Members: Alvarado, Jorge L. (advisor), Pate, Michael (committee member), Jeong, Hae-Kwon (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: droplet; shedding; vibration; hybrid surface

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APA (6^th Edition):

Lai, C. (2014). Effects of Induced Acoustic Vibrations on Droplet Shedding on Hybrid Micro-structured Surfaces. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/152596

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Lai, Chen-Ling. “Effects of Induced Acoustic Vibrations on Droplet Shedding on Hybrid Micro-structured Surfaces.” 2014. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed March 07, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/152596.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Lai, Chen-Ling. “Effects of Induced Acoustic Vibrations on Droplet Shedding on Hybrid Micro-structured Surfaces.” 2014. Web. 07 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Lai C. Effects of Induced Acoustic Vibrations on Droplet Shedding on Hybrid Micro-structured Surfaces. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 07]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/152596.

Council of Science Editors:

Lai C. Effects of Induced Acoustic Vibrations on Droplet Shedding on Hybrid Micro-structured Surfaces. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/152596

University of Alberta

19. Faghihnejad, Ali. Role of hydrophobic effect and hydrogen bonding in surface interactions of polymers.

Degree: PhD, Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, 2013, University of Alberta

URL: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/zs25x9085

► Polymers are widely used as coatings, adhesives, biomaterials and many other applications. These successful applications rely on the physical and chemical properties of the polymer… (more)

▼ Polymers are widely used as coatings, adhesives, biomaterials and many other applications. These successful applications rely on the physical and chemical properties of the polymer molecules and surfaces. One type of important molecular and surface interaction is hydrophobic interaction which is believed to be responsible for many interfacial and colloidal phenomena such as micelle formation, protein folding and is widely used in industrial applications such as mineral floatation. Nevertheless, direct probing of hydrophobic interaction between polymer surfaces has received only limited attention. Using polystyrene (PS) as a model polymer, the surface interactions were measured in different electrolyte solutions by a surface forces apparatus (SFA) coupled with a top-view optical microscope. A long-range attraction was observed between two PS surfaces which was found to be due to the bridging of microscopic and sub-microscopic bubbles on the PS surfaces and depended on the type and concentration of the electrolyte solutions due to ion specificity. The interaction forces in asymmetric system (PS vs. mica) were also studied and long-range repulsion was observed associated with the deformation of bubbles on PS surface. The range of the surface interactions was significantly reduced to <20 nm after degassing the solutions which indicates the important role of dissolved gases on the measured forces. Another important type of intermolecular interaction widely used for the development of new polymers is hydrogen bonding through supramolecular chemistry where the reversible interaction is used for tuning polymer properties. In this work, the surface interactions of poly(butyl acrylate) (PBA) functionalized with a quadruple hydrogen bonding group called UPy were investigated. The adhesion and mechanical properties of PBA-UPy were found to be significantly enhanced by the UPy groups and strongly depend on temperature, relative humidity in air and contact time. The PBA-UPy polymer shows self-healing capability. Interesting surface patterns (e.g. fingers, stripes) were observed associated with the separation of two PBA-UPy films. Our results provide new insights into the fundamental understanding of the molecular interaction mechanisms of polymers containing hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic groups and the development of novel functional materials.

Subjects/Keywords: hydrophobic; Polymer surface; surface interaction; hydrogen bonding

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Faghihnejad, A. (2013). Role of hydrophobic effect and hydrogen bonding in surface interactions of polymers. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Alberta. Retrieved from https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/zs25x9085

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Faghihnejad, Ali. “Role of hydrophobic effect and hydrogen bonding in surface interactions of polymers.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Alberta. Accessed March 07, 2021. https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/zs25x9085.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Faghihnejad, Ali. “Role of hydrophobic effect and hydrogen bonding in surface interactions of polymers.” 2013. Web. 07 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Faghihnejad A. Role of hydrophobic effect and hydrogen bonding in surface interactions of polymers. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Alberta; 2013. [cited 2021 Mar 07]. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/zs25x9085.

Council of Science Editors:

Faghihnejad A. Role of hydrophobic effect and hydrogen bonding in surface interactions of polymers. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Alberta; 2013. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/zs25x9085

University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign

20. Park, Ji Yong. Measurements of heat transferred and residence time of a droplet on a hot surface.

Degree: PhD, 0130, 2013, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/44481

► This dissertation focuses on experimental studies of thermal transport between solid and liquid, especially between Pt(or CFx)-coated Si and water droplet, using an ultrafast pump-probe… (more)

▼ This dissertation focuses on experimental studies of thermal transport between solid and liquid, especially between Pt(or CFx)-coated Si and water droplet, using an ultrafast pump-probe method, time-domain thermoreflectance (TDTR), combined with two-photon absorption (TPA) thermometry. I developed the technique to measure both i) the heat transfer (the amount of thermal energy transferred from hot surface to the water droplet) and ii) the residence time using the same apparatus when water droplet was in contact with a hot Si surface. I achieved a sub-msec time resolution for simultaneous measurements of the near-surface temperature (using TPA) and the effective thermal conductance (using TDTR) of the solid-liquid interface. I studied the droplet impact on both hydrophilic (Pt-coated Si) and hydrophobic (CFx-coated Si) surfaces. For the smooth hydrophilic surfaces, the amount of thermal energy transferred decreased beyond 150 °C due to droplet shattering while the residence time monotonically decreased as temperature increased. The heat flux calculated from the heat transfer and the residence time approached ~500 W cm-2 at 210 °C, which was comparable or exceeded the reported values of the critical heat flux in typical water boiling experiment. However, it only existed for a short time, on the order of 10 msec. For the patterned hydrophobic surface, I also studied the heat transfer and the kinetics of liquid-to-vapor phase transformation when the water droplet bounced off the hot surface. I found that the residence time from TDTR measurements was up to 40 times shorter than that from high-speed camera imaging; the trapped vapor at the ridge quickly moved to the center of the pattern. I also found that the contribution to heat transfer by evaporation was non-negligible at T>130 °C while the contribution to heat transfer by conduction decreased with temperature due to the short residence time. In addition, I extended the pump-probe system to the measurement of true contact area. I studied adhesion between Pt-coated Si and PDMS with pyramids array according to humidity; the humidity affects the capillary portion between Si and PDMS. Assuming that the contact area between surfaces was proportional to the effective thermal conductance of PDMS, I measured the effective thermal conductance with varying the distance between surfaces at dry (<2% RH) and humid (>50%) environments; the difference between two conditions was reported without further quantitative analysis. Advisors/Committee Members: Cahill, David G. (advisor), Cahill, David G. (Committee Chair), Granick, Steve (committee member), King, William P. (committee member), Martin, Lane W. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: boiling; heat transfer; residence time; bouncing droplet; hydrophobic; time domain thermoreflectance

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APA (6^th Edition):

Park, J. Y. (2013). Measurements of heat transferred and residence time of a droplet on a hot surface. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2142/44481

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Park, Ji Yong. “Measurements of heat transferred and residence time of a droplet on a hot surface.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Accessed March 07, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2142/44481.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Park, Ji Yong. “Measurements of heat transferred and residence time of a droplet on a hot surface.” 2013. Web. 07 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Park JY. Measurements of heat transferred and residence time of a droplet on a hot surface. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2013. [cited 2021 Mar 07]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/44481.

Council of Science Editors:

Park JY. Measurements of heat transferred and residence time of a droplet on a hot surface. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/44481

Indian Institute of Science

21. Vaikuntanathan, Visakh. Experimental and Theoretical Studies of Liquid Drop Impact on Solid Surfaces Comprising Smooth and Texture Portions.

Degree: PhD, Faculty of Engineering, 2018, Indian Institute of Science

URL: http://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/3939

► Solid surfaces featuring a spatial variation of surface wettability along particular directions on their surface, referred to as wettability gradient surfaces, are becoming increasingly important… (more)

▼ Solid surfaces featuring a spatial variation of surface wettability along particular directions on their surface, referred to as wettability gradient surfaces, are becoming increasingly important in practical applications such as enhancement of boiling and condensation heat transfer and separation of immiscible liquids in smart micro-fluidic devices. With the aid of an external energy input, such as mechanical vibration or impact kinetic energy, a liquid drop on such surfaces gets propelled towards more wettable region on the surface. A fundamental study of impact dynamics of liquid drops on such solid surfaces is relevant in understanding their effectiveness. The present thesis reports a combined experimental and theoretical study on the impact dynamics of liquid drops on solid surfaces comprising a smooth portion and a groove-textured portion separated by a junction line (dual-textured surfaces). Three different dual-textured surfaces – two made of intrinsically hydrophilic stainless steel and one of intrinsically hydrophobic poly-di-methyl-siloxane (PDMS) – are considered. Liquid drops, with Weber number (We) in the range 1–100, are impacted on the junction of the dual-textured surfaces and the entire impact dynamics across the junction is captured using a high speed video camera. Experiments of drop impact on the homogeneous surface portions of dual-textured surfaces (far away from the junction) are also conducted. The temporal variation of drop contact radius measured from the junction line on smooth and groove-textured portions of the dual-textured surfaces exhibits four distinct stages – primary spreading, primary receding, secondary spreading on more wettable surface portion, and final equilibrium – with the final outcome being the bulk movement and deposition of liquid drop away from the junction towards the more hydrophilic surface portion. Secondary parameters characterizing each of these different stages are extracted from these measurements and a one-to-one comparison between dual-textured and homogenous surfaces is presented. A significant effect of dual-texture nature is seen on the receding process of impacting drops. On the dual-textured surfaces, the receding velocity of impacting drop on the groove-textured portion is always greater than that on the smooth portion. The asymmetry in drop receding results in a drop drift velocity towards the more wettable surface portion leading to an enhanced secondary drop spreading on the more wettable smooth portion. The drop drift velocity shows a decrease with We at low We and remains almost constant at higher We after a particular value of We. Correspondingly, the ratio of the maximum drop spread factor achieved during the secondary spreading (βm2) to that during the primary spreading (βm) is seen to decrease with We at low We and remains constant at higher We. Owing to the differences in the static equilibrium wetting difference, βm2/βm is more on the stainless steel dual-textured surfaces than on the PDMS dual-textured surface. The presence of… Advisors/Committee Members: Shivakumar, D (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Combustion Engines; Aircraft Structures - Cooling; Liquid Drop - Dynamics; Dual-textured Surface - Drop Impact; Hydrophilic Stainless Steels; Hydrophobic Materials - Surface; Liquid Drop Impact; Groove-textured Surfaces - Drop Impact; Groove-textured Solid Surfaces; Aerospace Engineering

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Vaikuntanathan, V. (2018). Experimental and Theoretical Studies of Liquid Drop Impact on Solid Surfaces Comprising Smooth and Texture Portions. (Doctoral Dissertation). Indian Institute of Science. Retrieved from http://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/3939

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Vaikuntanathan, Visakh. “Experimental and Theoretical Studies of Liquid Drop Impact on Solid Surfaces Comprising Smooth and Texture Portions.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, Indian Institute of Science. Accessed March 07, 2021. http://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/3939.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Vaikuntanathan, Visakh. “Experimental and Theoretical Studies of Liquid Drop Impact on Solid Surfaces Comprising Smooth and Texture Portions.” 2018. Web. 07 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Vaikuntanathan V. Experimental and Theoretical Studies of Liquid Drop Impact on Solid Surfaces Comprising Smooth and Texture Portions. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Indian Institute of Science; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 07]. Available from: http://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/3939.

Council of Science Editors:

Vaikuntanathan V. Experimental and Theoretical Studies of Liquid Drop Impact on Solid Surfaces Comprising Smooth and Texture Portions. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Indian Institute of Science; 2018. Available from: http://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/3939

University of Illinois – Chicago

22. Russo, Antonio. Numerical Simulation of Droplet Impact on Wettability-Patterned Surfaces.

Degree: 2016, University of Illinois – Chicago

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10027/21361

► The analysis of droplet impact on micro-structured surfaces is a very challenging problem since it involves several physical phenomena interacting with one each other at… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Numerical simulations; Droplet impact; Wettability-patterned surfaces.

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APA (6^th Edition):

Russo, A. (2016). Numerical Simulation of Droplet Impact on Wettability-Patterned Surfaces. (Thesis). University of Illinois – Chicago. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10027/21361

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Russo, Antonio. “Numerical Simulation of Droplet Impact on Wettability-Patterned Surfaces.” 2016. Thesis, University of Illinois – Chicago. Accessed March 07, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10027/21361.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Russo, Antonio. “Numerical Simulation of Droplet Impact on Wettability-Patterned Surfaces.” 2016. Web. 07 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Russo A. Numerical Simulation of Droplet Impact on Wettability-Patterned Surfaces. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Illinois – Chicago; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 07]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10027/21361.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Russo A. Numerical Simulation of Droplet Impact on Wettability-Patterned Surfaces. [Thesis]. University of Illinois – Chicago; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10027/21361

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Illinois – Chicago

23. Elsharkawy, Mohamed. Study of Effects of Surface Wettability on Frosting and Droplet Manipulation.

Degree: 2018, University of Illinois – Chicago

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10027/22641

► The impact and subsequent freezing of water droplets on solid surfaces is a common mechanism for surface icing and frosting. We investigate this mechanism by… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: wettability; superhydrophobicity; droplet impact; icing; frosting

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APA (6^th Edition):

Elsharkawy, M. (2018). Study of Effects of Surface Wettability on Frosting and Droplet Manipulation. (Thesis). University of Illinois – Chicago. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10027/22641

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Elsharkawy, Mohamed. “Study of Effects of Surface Wettability on Frosting and Droplet Manipulation.” 2018. Thesis, University of Illinois – Chicago. Accessed March 07, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10027/22641.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Elsharkawy, Mohamed. “Study of Effects of Surface Wettability on Frosting and Droplet Manipulation.” 2018. Web. 07 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Elsharkawy M. Study of Effects of Surface Wettability on Frosting and Droplet Manipulation. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Illinois – Chicago; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 07]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10027/22641.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Elsharkawy M. Study of Effects of Surface Wettability on Frosting and Droplet Manipulation. [Thesis]. University of Illinois – Chicago; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10027/22641

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Toronto

24. Farrokhpanah, Amirsaman. Applying Contact Angle to a Two-dimensional Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) model on a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) Platform.

Degree: 2012, University of Toronto

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1807/33416

►

A parallel GPU compatible Lagrangian mesh free particle solver for multiphase fluid flow based on SPH scheme is developed and used to capture the interface… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: GPU; SPH; Graphic Processing Unit; Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics; Contact Angle; CFD; Droplet Spread and Impact; CUDA; continuum surface force (CSF); Multi-Phase; 0548

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APA (6^th Edition):

Farrokhpanah, A. (2012). Applying Contact Angle to a Two-dimensional Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) model on a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) Platform. (Masters Thesis). University of Toronto. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1807/33416

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Farrokhpanah, Amirsaman. “Applying Contact Angle to a Two-dimensional Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) model on a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) Platform.” 2012. Masters Thesis, University of Toronto. Accessed March 07, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/33416.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Farrokhpanah, Amirsaman. “Applying Contact Angle to a Two-dimensional Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) model on a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) Platform.” 2012. Web. 07 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Farrokhpanah A. Applying Contact Angle to a Two-dimensional Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) model on a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) Platform. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Toronto; 2012. [cited 2021 Mar 07]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1807/33416.

Council of Science Editors:

Farrokhpanah A. Applying Contact Angle to a Two-dimensional Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) model on a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) Platform. [Masters Thesis]. University of Toronto; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1807/33416

Indian Institute of Science

25. Bansal, Lalit Kumar. Evaporation and Buckling Dynamics of Sessile Droplets Resting on Hydrophobic Substrates.

Degree: PhD, Faculty of Engineering, 2018, Indian Institute of Science

URL: http://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/4027

► Droplet evaporation is ubiquitous to multitude of applications such as microfluidics, surface patterning and ink-jet printing. In many of the process like food processing tiny… (more)

▼ Droplet evaporation is ubiquitous to multitude of applications such as microfluidics, surface patterning and ink-jet printing. In many of the process like food processing tiny concentrations of suspended particles may alter the behavior of an evaporating droplet remarkably, leading to partially viscous and partially elastic dynamical characteristics. This, in turn, may lead to some striking mechanical instabilities, such as buckling and rupture. In this thesis, we provide a comprehensive physical description of the vaporization, self-assembly, agglomeration and buckling kinetics of sessile nanofluid droplet pinned on a hydrophobic substrate in various configurations. We have deciphered five distinct regimes of droplet lifecycle. Regime I-III consists of evaporation induced preferential agglomeration that leads to the formation of unique dome shaped inhomogeneous shell with stratified varying density liquid core. Regime IV involves capillary pressure initiated shell buckling and stress induced shell rupture. Regime V marks rupture induced cavity inception and growth. We provide a regime map explaining the droplet morphology and buckling characteristics for droplets evaporating on various substrates. Specifically, we find that final droplet volume and radius of curvature at buckling onset are universal functions of particle concentration. Furthermore, flow characteristics inside the heated and unheated droplets are investigated and found to be driven by the buoyancy effects. Velocity magnitudes are observed to increase by an order at higher temperatures with self-similar flow profiles. With an increase in the surface temperature, droplets exhibit buckling from multiple sites over a larger sector in the top half of the droplet. In addition, irrespective of the initial nanoparticle concentration and substrate temperature, hydrophobicity and roughness, growth of daughter cavity (subsequent to buckling) inside the droplet is found to be controlled by the solvent evaporation rate from the droplet periphery. The results are of great significance to a plethora of applications like DNA deposition and nanofabrication. In the next part of the thesis, we deploy the droplet in a rectangular channel. The rich physics governing the universality in the underlying dynamics remains grossly elusive. Here, we bring out hitherto unexplored universal features of the evaporation dynamics of a sessile droplet entrapped in a 3D confined fluidic environment. Increment in channel length delays the completion of the evaporation process and leads to unique spatio-temporal evaporation flux and internal flow. We show, through extensive set of experiments and theoretical formulations, that the evaporationtimescale for such a droplet can be represented by a unique function of the initial conditions. Moreover, using same theoretical considerations, we are able to trace and universally merge the volume evolution history of the droplets along with evaporation lifetimes, irrespective of the extent of confinement. These results are explained in the light… Advisors/Committee Members: Basu, Saptarshi (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Sessile Droplets; Aerosols in Modulating-Indian Monsoon; Hydrophobic Substrates, Sessile Droplets; Buckling Dynamics; Sessile Nanofluid Droplet; Nanocolloidal Droplet System; Nanoparticle-laden Sessile Droplet; Droplet Evaporation; Nanoparticle Laden Droplets; Mechanical Engineering

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Bansal, L. K. (2018). Evaporation and Buckling Dynamics of Sessile Droplets Resting on Hydrophobic Substrates. (Doctoral Dissertation). Indian Institute of Science. Retrieved from http://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/4027

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Bansal, Lalit Kumar. “Evaporation and Buckling Dynamics of Sessile Droplets Resting on Hydrophobic Substrates.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, Indian Institute of Science. Accessed March 07, 2021. http://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/4027.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Bansal, Lalit Kumar. “Evaporation and Buckling Dynamics of Sessile Droplets Resting on Hydrophobic Substrates.” 2018. Web. 07 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Bansal LK. Evaporation and Buckling Dynamics of Sessile Droplets Resting on Hydrophobic Substrates. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Indian Institute of Science; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 07]. Available from: http://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/4027.

Council of Science Editors:

Bansal LK. Evaporation and Buckling Dynamics of Sessile Droplets Resting on Hydrophobic Substrates. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Indian Institute of Science; 2018. Available from: http://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/4027

University of North Texas

26. Vandadi, Aref. Optimization of Superhydrophobic Surfaces to Maintain Continuous Dropwise Condensation.

Degree: 2014, University of North Texas

URL: https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500016/

► In the past decade, the condensation on superhydrophobic surfaces has been investigated abundantly to achieve dropwise condensation. There is not a specific approach in choosing… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Optimization; surface roughness; dropwise condensation; hydrophobic surfaces; Hydrophobic surfaces.; Condensation.; Surface roughness.

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APA (6^th Edition):

Vandadi, A. (2014). Optimization of Superhydrophobic Surfaces to Maintain Continuous Dropwise Condensation. (Thesis). University of North Texas. Retrieved from https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500016/

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Vandadi, Aref. “Optimization of Superhydrophobic Surfaces to Maintain Continuous Dropwise Condensation.” 2014. Thesis, University of North Texas. Accessed March 07, 2021. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500016/.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Vandadi, Aref. “Optimization of Superhydrophobic Surfaces to Maintain Continuous Dropwise Condensation.” 2014. Web. 07 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Vandadi A. Optimization of Superhydrophobic Surfaces to Maintain Continuous Dropwise Condensation. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of North Texas; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 07]. Available from: https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500016/.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Vandadi A. Optimization of Superhydrophobic Surfaces to Maintain Continuous Dropwise Condensation. [Thesis]. University of North Texas; 2014. Available from: https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500016/

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Canterbury

27. Sellier, M. Sandwiched Droplet Actuated by Marangoni Force in a Hele-Shaw Cell.

Degree: 2018, University of Canterbury

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10092/101038

Subjects/Keywords: Hele-Shaw; Droplet actuation; Surface tension; Marangoni

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APA (6^th Edition):

Sellier, M. (2018). Sandwiched Droplet Actuated by Marangoni Force in a Hele-Shaw Cell. (Thesis). University of Canterbury. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10092/101038

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Sellier, M. “Sandwiched Droplet Actuated by Marangoni Force in a Hele-Shaw Cell.” 2018. Thesis, University of Canterbury. Accessed March 07, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/101038.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Sellier, M. “Sandwiched Droplet Actuated by Marangoni Force in a Hele-Shaw Cell.” 2018. Web. 07 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Sellier M. Sandwiched Droplet Actuated by Marangoni Force in a Hele-Shaw Cell. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Canterbury; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 07]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10092/101038.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Sellier M. Sandwiched Droplet Actuated by Marangoni Force in a Hele-Shaw Cell. [Thesis]. University of Canterbury; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10092/101038

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Ontario Institute of Technology

28. Odukoya, Adedoyin. Fluid transport and entropy production in electrochemical and microchannel droplet flows.

Degree: 2012, University of Ontario Institute of Technology

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10155/236

► The growth of energy demand in the world requires addressing the increasing power requirements of industrial and residential consumers. Optimizing the design of new and… (more)

▼ The growth of energy demand in the world requires addressing the increasing power requirements of industrial and residential consumers. Optimizing the design of new and existing large power producing systems can efficiently increase energy supply to meet the growing demand. Hydrogen as an energy carrier is a promising sustainable way to meet the growing energy demand, while protecting the environment. This thesis investigates the efficient production of hydrogen from the electrolysis of copper chloride, by predicting entropy production as a result of diffusive mass transfer. Also, this thesis investigates the possibility of producing electrical energy from waste heat produced by industrial or other sources. The thermocapillary motion of fluid droplet in a closed rectangular microchannel is used to generate electrical energy from waste heat in a piezoelectric membrane by inducing mechanical deformation as a result of the droplet motion. Modeling, fabrication, and experimental measurement of a micro heat engine (MHE) are investigated in this study. Analytical and experimental results are reported for both circular and rectangular microchannels. A novel fabrication technique using lead zirconate titanate (PZT) as substrate in microfluidic application is presented in this study. This thesis develops a predictive model of the entropy production due to thermal and fluid irreversibilities in the microchannel. Thermocapillary pressure and friction forces are modelled within the droplet, as well as surface tension hysteresis during start-up of the droplet motion. A new analytical model is presented to predict the effect of transient velocity on the voltage production in the MHE. In order to predict the effect of the applied stress on voltage, the different layers of deposition are considered for thin film laminates. The highest efficiency of the system from simulated taking into iv account the electromechanical coupling factor is about 1.6% with a maximum voltage of 1.25mV for the range of displacement considered in this study. In addition, new experimental and analytical results are presented for evaporation and de-pinning of deionised water and toluene droplets in rectangular microchannels fabricated from Su-8 2025 and 2075. Advisors/Committee Members: Naterer, Greg F..

Subjects/Keywords: Entropy; Droplet; Microchannel; Thermocapillary; Evaporation; Surface tension

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APA (6^th Edition):

Odukoya, A. (2012). Fluid transport and entropy production in electrochemical and microchannel droplet flows. (Thesis). University of Ontario Institute of Technology. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10155/236

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Odukoya, Adedoyin. “Fluid transport and entropy production in electrochemical and microchannel droplet flows.” 2012. Thesis, University of Ontario Institute of Technology. Accessed March 07, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10155/236.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Odukoya, Adedoyin. “Fluid transport and entropy production in electrochemical and microchannel droplet flows.” 2012. Web. 07 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Odukoya A. Fluid transport and entropy production in electrochemical and microchannel droplet flows. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Ontario Institute of Technology; 2012. [cited 2021 Mar 07]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10155/236.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Odukoya A. Fluid transport and entropy production in electrochemical and microchannel droplet flows. [Thesis]. University of Ontario Institute of Technology; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10155/236

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of New South Wales

29. Tetuko, Anggito Pringgo. The effect of nano-structured surfaces on droplet impingement heat transfer.

Degree: Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, 2012, University of New South Wales

URL: http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/52015 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:10685/SOURCE01?view=true

► The roughness and the contact angle of a surface will affect both the impinging droplet hydrodynamics and the drag force between the droplet and the… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Heat transfer; Superhydrohobic surface; Droplet impingement

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Tetuko, A. P. (2012). The effect of nano-structured surfaces on droplet impingement heat transfer. (Masters Thesis). University of New South Wales. Retrieved from http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/52015 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:10685/SOURCE01?view=true

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Tetuko, Anggito Pringgo. “The effect of nano-structured surfaces on droplet impingement heat transfer.” 2012. Masters Thesis, University of New South Wales. Accessed March 07, 2021. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/52015 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:10685/SOURCE01?view=true.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Tetuko, Anggito Pringgo. “The effect of nano-structured surfaces on droplet impingement heat transfer.” 2012. Web. 07 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Tetuko AP. The effect of nano-structured surfaces on droplet impingement heat transfer. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of New South Wales; 2012. [cited 2021 Mar 07]. Available from: http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/52015 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:10685/SOURCE01?view=true.

Council of Science Editors:

Tetuko AP. The effect of nano-structured surfaces on droplet impingement heat transfer. [Masters Thesis]. University of New South Wales; 2012. Available from: http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/52015 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:10685/SOURCE01?view=true

University of Rochester

30. Wang, Weiqiang (1981 - ). On-chip double emulsion droplet assembly using electrowetting-on-dielectric and dielectrophoresis.

Degree: PhD, 2012, University of Rochester

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1802/25250

► Target fabrication is a major bottleneck in the development of inertial confinement fusion as an energy source. Current bulk processing methods for laser target fabrication… (more)

▼ Target fabrication is a major bottleneck in the development of inertial confinement fusion as an energy source. Current bulk processing methods for laser target fabrication suffer from low yield. This thesis reports experimental results on the application of microfluidics to form double emulsion (DE) droplets used for fabrication of cryogenic foam targets. This microfluidic assembly-line automates the production process to achieve droplet-by-droplet processing so that each DE droplet meets the specifications. Because it is electrically controlled, this scheme provides excellent flexibility and scalability. The voltage controllable electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD) and dielectrophoresis (DEP) effects make it possible to manipulate both conductive and dielectric droplets simultaneously on a microfluidic chip. We present a simple model to calculate the electric actuation forces using lumped parameter electromechanics. This model, identifying the frequency-dependent relationship between EWOD and DEP, can be used to predict the operational conditions to actuate particular liquids. We demonstrate that aqueous and nonaqueous liquid droplets can be dispensed from on-chip reservoirs by EWOD and DEP actuations, respectively. Dispensed droplet volume reproducibility is tested over a range of operational parameters, including applied voltage, cutting electrode length, and the effect of connecting traces. By optimizing the operating conditions, we obtain a reproducibility of ±3.0%, which is adequate for the laser target fabrication according to our sensitivity analysis. DEP based manipulation of oil usually requires much higher voltages than water actuation. We introduce a new method of actuating oil droplets in water medium that exploits negative DEP to reduce oil actuation voltages. Theoretical modeling and experimental demonstrations for this scheme are presented. Microfluidic operations of transporting, splitting, merging, and dispensing of oil droplets are achieved at a voltage level of ~100 V. After dispensing water and oil droplets, these droplets have to be combined to form DE droplets. We develop a Gibbs free energy model to test the likelihood of DE formation and present experimental results showing the formation of both water-in-oil and oil-in-water DE droplets in parallel-plate structure. In addition, we also investigate the form of DE droplets in open structures. The requirements to eject a droplet from a closed section are determined by force analysis. Corresponding experimental tests are done to demonstrate droplet movements from closed to an open section. While the ejection of water droplet is easily achieved by EWOD actuation, an oleophobic surface must be used to eject an oil droplet. We investigated two types of oleophobic surfaces- electrospun fiber mats and re-entrant Si structures, and used the latter one to achieve oil ejection movement.

Subjects/Keywords: Double emulsion droplet; Electrowetting-on-dielectric, Dielectrophoresis

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Wang, W. (. -. ). (2012). On-chip double emulsion droplet assembly using electrowetting-on-dielectric and dielectrophoresis. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Rochester. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1802/25250

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Wang, Weiqiang (1981 - ). “On-chip double emulsion droplet assembly using electrowetting-on-dielectric and dielectrophoresis.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Rochester. Accessed March 07, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1802/25250.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Wang, Weiqiang (1981 - ). “On-chip double emulsion droplet assembly using electrowetting-on-dielectric and dielectrophoresis.” 2012. Web. 07 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Wang W(-). On-chip double emulsion droplet assembly using electrowetting-on-dielectric and dielectrophoresis. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Rochester; 2012. [cited 2021 Mar 07]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1802/25250.

Council of Science Editors:

Wang W(-). On-chip double emulsion droplet assembly using electrowetting-on-dielectric and dielectrophoresis. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Rochester; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1802/25250

Open Access Theses and Dissertations