You searched for subject:(Delay Discounting).
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University of Waikato
1.
Frankish, Rosanna P.J.
The Effect of Caffeine Deprivation on Decisions about Future Events in Humans
.
Degree: 2011, University of Waikato
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/6019 
► The current study used the stimulant model, caffeine, to assess the effects of stimulant deprivation on impulsivity in humans. Previous research has found substance abusers…
(more)
▼ The current study used the stimulant model, caffeine, to assess the effects of stimulant deprivation on impulsivity in humans. Previous research has found substance abusers express greater preference for immediate outcomes and this effect is increased with deprivation from the substance. A
delay discounting method was used to examine the effects of stimulant deprivation on caffeine-dependents and non-dependents. Experiment 1 looked at the effects of 12 hour's abstinence from caffeine on High and Low caffeine consumers' decision making, using a pen-and-paper
delay discounting method. Experiment 1 produced area under the curve values which showed the largest effect in the Low caffeine consumers, Low caffeine consumers increased
discounting when under the influence of caffeine. Experiment 2 used a well supported computer-based, hypothetical monetary,
delay discounting task in hope of generating a magnitude effect. Experiment 2 was used to determine the task mode in Experiment 1 was not responsible for the unexpected pattern of results. A magnitude effect was found between the 1000 and 10,000 tasks in the
delay discounting procedure. Experiment 3 used the established computer-based, hypothetical monetary amounts,
delay discounting task from Experiment 2 to assess the effects of 24 hours abstinence from caffeine in High and Low caffeine consumers. The k values revealed a significant increase in
discounting when participants were caffeine deprived for all groups except the High caffeine group in the 10,000 condition. These mixed results were discussed in terms of weaknesses revealed about the common mathematical measures used to analyse
delay discounting data. Most importantly, the practice regularly employed by
delay discounting researchers to exclude data which does not conform to
discounting functions. The exponential, hyperbolic, extended hyperbolic models and the area under the curve measure were compared. The area under the curve was found to be the only measure to not exclude data, and sub-sequentially was preferred. Further research is required to establish if the area under the curve behaved in similar ways to other measures of
discounting data as correlations in this study are not clear.
Advisors/Committee Members: Bizo, Lewis A (advisor), Foster, T. Mary (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Delay Discounting;
Caffeine
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APA (6th Edition):
Frankish, R. P. J. (2011). The Effect of Caffeine Deprivation on Decisions about Future Events in Humans
. (Masters Thesis). University of Waikato. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10289/6019
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Frankish, Rosanna P J. “The Effect of Caffeine Deprivation on Decisions about Future Events in Humans
.” 2011. Masters Thesis, University of Waikato. Accessed December 11, 2019.
http://hdl.handle.net/10289/6019.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Frankish, Rosanna P J. “The Effect of Caffeine Deprivation on Decisions about Future Events in Humans
.” 2011. Web. 11 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Frankish RPJ. The Effect of Caffeine Deprivation on Decisions about Future Events in Humans
. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Waikato; 2011. [cited 2019 Dec 11].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/6019.
Council of Science Editors:
Frankish RPJ. The Effect of Caffeine Deprivation on Decisions about Future Events in Humans
. [Masters Thesis]. University of Waikato; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/6019
Texas A&M University
2.
Rassu, Fenan Samson.
The Impact of Tonic Pain on Impulsive Decision-Making.
Degree: MS, Psychology, 2016, Texas A&M University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/158687
► Pain impairs self-regulation and cognitive abilities related to decision-making. Additionally, clinical chronic pain patients have demonstrated impaired performance on risky decision-making tasks, often choosing immediate…
(more)
▼ Pain impairs self-regulation and cognitive abilities related to decision-making. Additionally, clinical chronic pain patients have demonstrated impaired performance on risky decision-making tasks, often choosing immediate rewards at the cost of future consequences. Based on this literature, experiencing pain may lead to an increase in impulsive decision-making by demonstrating an increased preference for immediate rewards at the cost of delayed rewards on a measure of
delay discounting (DD). Using a mixed between-group (no pain vs. pain)/within-subjects repeated measures design (DD before and during the manipulation), participants’
delay discounting rates were assessed before and while experiencing either a no pain control (n = 38) or a painful, inflammatory heat stimulus (n = 38). Contrary to the hypothesis, participants in the pain demonstrated a shift in preference towards larger, delayed rewards over time (p = .024). The no pain control group did not experience a significant shift in preference over time (p = .051).
The results indicate that those that experienced pain displayed a reduction in impulsive decision-making. This shift towards larger, delayed rewards is in accordance with literature on experimental stressors and risky decision-making. This shift in reward preference may be due to a decrease in reward sensitivity.
Advisors/Committee Members: Meagher, Mary (advisor), Fields, Sherecce (committee member), Tassinary, Louis (committee member), Worthy, Darrell (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: pain; capsaicin; impulsivity; delay discounting
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APA (6th Edition):
Rassu, F. S. (2016). The Impact of Tonic Pain on Impulsive Decision-Making. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/158687
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Rassu, Fenan Samson. “The Impact of Tonic Pain on Impulsive Decision-Making.” 2016. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed December 11, 2019.
http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/158687.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Rassu, Fenan Samson. “The Impact of Tonic Pain on Impulsive Decision-Making.” 2016. Web. 11 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Rassu FS. The Impact of Tonic Pain on Impulsive Decision-Making. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2016. [cited 2019 Dec 11].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/158687.
Council of Science Editors:
Rassu FS. The Impact of Tonic Pain on Impulsive Decision-Making. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/158687
Washington University in St. Louis
3.
Vanderveldt, Ariana.
Decision Making in Older Adults: A Comparison of Delay and Probability Discounting Across.
Degree: PhD, Psychology, 2016, Washington University in St. Louis
URL: https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/art_sci_etds/805
► The value of an outcome is affected both by the delay until its receipt (delay discounting) and by the likelihood of its receipt (probability discounting).…
(more)
▼ The value of an outcome is affected both by the
delay until its receipt (
delay discounting) and by the likelihood of its receipt (probability
discounting). The
discounting framework has greatly aided in modeling and understanding decision-making, particularly in the areas of impulsivity, but these findings have overwhelmingly been based on research with young adults. In three experiments, the current study extended the
discounting framework by examining choice by older adults. Experiments 1 and 2 found that both young and older adults discounted delayed outcomes and probabilistic outcomes and that their choices were well-described by the same hyperboloid model. Both young and older adults also showed magnitude effects with delayed rewards, reverse magnitude effects with probabilistic rewards, and no systematic effect of amount with delayed or probabilistic losses. In Experiment 3, in which choice was more complex and involved rewards that were both delayed and probabilistic, a multiplicative hyperboloid model in which
delay and probability interacted to affect the subjective value of an outcome, described choice well for both young and older adults. Across the three experiments, some differences across young and older adults emerged. Older adults in Experiment 1, for example, showed a magnitude effect for delayed gains only up to $3,000, whereas young adults continued to show a magnitude effect for much larger amounts. Experiments 1 and 2 revealed differences in the degree of
delay, but not probability
discounting, after income was controlled, such that older adults discounted delayed rewards less steeply than young adults. Finally, in Experiment 3, older adults tended to show greater risk-aversion than young adults when outcomes were both delayed and probabilistic. In spite of the age differences observed, there was remarkable consistency in
discounting across young and older adults. The results of the current study suggest that although there are quantitative age differences in decision making, choice appears qualitatively similar across age groups.</
Advisors/Committee Members: Leonard Green, Todd S. Braver, Sandra Hale, Robyn A. LeBoeuf, Joel Myerson.
Subjects/Keywords: aging, decision making, delay discounting, probability discounting; Psychology
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APA (6th Edition):
Vanderveldt, A. (2016). Decision Making in Older Adults: A Comparison of Delay and Probability Discounting Across. (Doctoral Dissertation). Washington University in St. Louis. Retrieved from https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/art_sci_etds/805
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Vanderveldt, Ariana. “Decision Making in Older Adults: A Comparison of Delay and Probability Discounting Across.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, Washington University in St. Louis. Accessed December 11, 2019.
https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/art_sci_etds/805.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Vanderveldt, Ariana. “Decision Making in Older Adults: A Comparison of Delay and Probability Discounting Across.” 2016. Web. 11 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Vanderveldt A. Decision Making in Older Adults: A Comparison of Delay and Probability Discounting Across. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Washington University in St. Louis; 2016. [cited 2019 Dec 11].
Available from: https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/art_sci_etds/805.
Council of Science Editors:
Vanderveldt A. Decision Making in Older Adults: A Comparison of Delay and Probability Discounting Across. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Washington University in St. Louis; 2016. Available from: https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/art_sci_etds/805
University of Michigan
4.
Angott, Andrea M.
What Causes Delay Discounting?.
Degree: PhD, Psychology, 2010, University of Michigan
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/78754
► Delay discounting is the devaluing of future outcomes relative to present outcomes. The work in this dissertation aimed to contribute to answering the question: What…
(more)
▼ Delay discounting is the devaluing of future outcomes relative to present outcomes. The work in this dissertation aimed to contribute to answering the question: What are the psychological drivers of
delay discounting behavior? Applicable literature was reviewed for clues to this question. Several hypotheses, previously largely empirically neglected, were examined: economic reasons, uncertainty about the future, pain of abstinence, differences in construal level, optimism, intrapersonal empathy gap, present utility, and future self as other. Additionally, a synthesis of relevant data from the literature led to the proposal of a novel hypothesis, dual-system competition. Eight empirical studies were performed to test some of the candidate causes of
delay discounting. Studies 1 and 2 had mixed results that may imply that differences in construal level play a role in
discounting behavior. Studies 3 and 4 tested the notion that self control is required to resist
discounting, but failed to support this idea. Study 5 returned mixed results that may indicate that people fail to adequately anticipate their future wants and needs (intrapersonal empathy gap hypothesis). Study 6 indicated that anticipated changes in income do not motivate
delay discounting behavior. Study 7 showed that field dependence is not related to discount rates. Finally, Study 8 suggested that
discounting behavior may depend upon the activation of the fast/automatic cognitive system relative to the slow/effortful cognitive system.
Advisors/Committee Members: Yates, J. Frank (committee member), Gonzalez, Richard D. (committee member), Joyce, James M. (committee member), Shah, Priti R. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Delay Discounting; Temporal Discounting; Decision Making; Psychology; Social Sciences
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APA (6th Edition):
Angott, A. M. (2010). What Causes Delay Discounting?. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Michigan. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/78754
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Angott, Andrea M. “What Causes Delay Discounting?.” 2010. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Michigan. Accessed December 11, 2019.
http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/78754.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Angott, Andrea M. “What Causes Delay Discounting?.” 2010. Web. 11 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Angott AM. What Causes Delay Discounting?. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Michigan; 2010. [cited 2019 Dec 11].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/78754.
Council of Science Editors:
Angott AM. What Causes Delay Discounting?. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Michigan; 2010. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/78754
Arizona State University
5.
Wongsomboon, Sineenuch.
Delay and Probability Discounting as Determinants of Sexual
Risk Behavior: The Effects of Delay, Uncertainty, and Partner’s
Characteristics.
Degree: Psychology, 2016, Arizona State University
URL: http://repository.asu.edu/items/38473
► The value of safe sex may be discounted based on contextual factors associated with an opportunity for sex. College students (n = 75) in a…
(more)
▼ The value of safe sex may be discounted based on
contextual factors associated with an opportunity for sex. College
students (n = 75) in a within-subjects study selected hypothetical
sexual partners from a set of pictures and classified them based on
attractiveness and estimated chance of having an STI. In the sexual
delay discounting (SDD) task, participants rated their likelihood
(0 – 100%) of waiting for some period of time (e.g., 3 hours) to
have protected sex with their selected partners, when they could
have immediate sex without protection. In the sexual probability
discounting (SPD) task, participants rated their likelihood of
having protected sex if the opportunity was uncertain (e.g., 50%),
when they could have unprotected sex for sure (100%). All
participants included in the final analyses were aware of and had a
positive attitude towards protection against STIs as they indicated
preference for immediate (or certain) protected sex. Results show
that participants’ willingness to have safe sex systematically
decreased as the delay to and odds against having safe sex
increased. However, these discounting patterns were observed only
in some partner conditions but not others, showing that preference
for delayed (or uncertain) safe sex was altered by perceived
attractiveness and STI risk of sexual partners. Moreover, the
hyperbolic discounting model provided good to acceptable fit to the
delay and probability discounting data in most-wanted and least-STI
conditions. Gender differences in devaluation of safe sex were also
found.
Subjects/Keywords: Psychology; Delay discounting; Probability discounting; Sexual risk behavior; STI
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APA ·
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Wongsomboon, S. (2016). Delay and Probability Discounting as Determinants of Sexual
Risk Behavior: The Effects of Delay, Uncertainty, and Partner’s
Characteristics. (Masters Thesis). Arizona State University. Retrieved from http://repository.asu.edu/items/38473
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Wongsomboon, Sineenuch. “Delay and Probability Discounting as Determinants of Sexual
Risk Behavior: The Effects of Delay, Uncertainty, and Partner’s
Characteristics.” 2016. Masters Thesis, Arizona State University. Accessed December 11, 2019.
http://repository.asu.edu/items/38473.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Wongsomboon, Sineenuch. “Delay and Probability Discounting as Determinants of Sexual
Risk Behavior: The Effects of Delay, Uncertainty, and Partner’s
Characteristics.” 2016. Web. 11 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Wongsomboon S. Delay and Probability Discounting as Determinants of Sexual
Risk Behavior: The Effects of Delay, Uncertainty, and Partner’s
Characteristics. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Arizona State University; 2016. [cited 2019 Dec 11].
Available from: http://repository.asu.edu/items/38473.
Council of Science Editors:
Wongsomboon S. Delay and Probability Discounting as Determinants of Sexual
Risk Behavior: The Effects of Delay, Uncertainty, and Partner’s
Characteristics. [Masters Thesis]. Arizona State University; 2016. Available from: http://repository.asu.edu/items/38473
Southern Illinois University
6.
Poncinie, Chad A.
An Examination of Delay Discounting in Sex Offenders with Dual Diagnoses.
Degree: MS, Behavior Analysis and Therapy, 2013, Southern Illinois University
URL: http://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1294
► AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF CHAD A. PONCINIE. For the Master of Science degree in Behavior Analysis and Therapy, presented on 21 June…
(more)
▼ AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF CHAD A. PONCINIE. For the Master of Science degree in Behavior Analysis and Therapy, presented on 21 June 2013. TITLE: AN EXAMINATION OF
DELAY DISCOUNTING IN SEX OFFENDERS WITH DUAL DIAGNOSES MAJOR PROFESSOR: Dr. Mark R. Dixon
Discounting of delayed rewards by sex offenders with dual diagnoses was compared to
discounting of delayed rewards by matched control non-offenders with dual diagnoses. All participants completed a hypothetical choice task in which they made repeated choices between 10 dollars/servings after a
delay and an equal or lesser amount available immediately. The
delay to the large reward was varied from 1 day to 2 years across conditions. Indifference points between immediate and delayed rewards were identified at each
delay condition by varying the amount of immediate money across choice trials. Overall, those identified as sex offenders discounted the delayed reward more steeply than did the control non-offenders.
Advisors/Committee Members: Dixon, Mark.
Subjects/Keywords: Delay Discounting; Dual Diagnoses; Impulsivity; Sex Offenders
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APA (6th Edition):
Poncinie, C. A. (2013). An Examination of Delay Discounting in Sex Offenders with Dual Diagnoses. (Masters Thesis). Southern Illinois University. Retrieved from http://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1294
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Poncinie, Chad A. “An Examination of Delay Discounting in Sex Offenders with Dual Diagnoses.” 2013. Masters Thesis, Southern Illinois University. Accessed December 11, 2019.
http://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1294.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Poncinie, Chad A. “An Examination of Delay Discounting in Sex Offenders with Dual Diagnoses.” 2013. Web. 11 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Poncinie CA. An Examination of Delay Discounting in Sex Offenders with Dual Diagnoses. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Southern Illinois University; 2013. [cited 2019 Dec 11].
Available from: http://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1294.
Council of Science Editors:
Poncinie CA. An Examination of Delay Discounting in Sex Offenders with Dual Diagnoses. [Masters Thesis]. Southern Illinois University; 2013. Available from: http://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1294
University of Minnesota
7.
Gu, Lidan.
Delay discounting as a measure of impulsivity.
Degree: PhD, Educational Psychology, 2012, University of Minnesota
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/137024
► Delay discounting as a behavioral measure of impulsivity has been widely used in neuroeconomy, psychopathology, clinical neuroscience, and drug addiction studies. Previous psychological studies have…
(more)
▼ Delay discounting as a behavioral measure of impulsivity has been widely used in neuroeconomy, psychopathology, clinical neuroscience, and drug addiction studies. Previous psychological studies have suggested that: 1) a hyperbolic function best describes the decision behaviors of humans and other animals; 2) drug users tend to have higher delay discounting rates than controls; and 3) the associations between delay discounting rate and personality measures of delay discounting are inconsistent across studies. However, neuroimaging studies have often observed two neural systems involved in delay discounting, and a number of neural models have been proposed to describe delay discounting. The studies reported in this dissertation investigated delay discounting as a behavioral measure of impulsivity when considering the neural models.
In Chapter 1, delay discounting and its designs, task procedures, analysis models, reliability, and validity are reviewed. Based on previous studies, the delay discounting rate is influenced by the design of delay discounting tasks such as reward magnitude; the delay discounting rate reliably differentiates drug users from controls; and its reliability is high within a normal population but is relatively lower in clinical populations. In Chapter 2, the current studies are introduced.
In Chapter 3, three neural model fitting equations are compared with the standard exponential model and hyperbolic model. The studies suggest the saturating-hyperbolic model fits better than the standard models when the reward magnitude is low (10). The superiority of the saturating-hyperbolic model is even more robust when clinical populations are involved. However, the saturating-hyperbolic model does not fit the empirical data better than the standard models when the reward magnitude is high (1000).
In Chapter 4, cocaine users are compared with matched controls and with individuals with binge eating disorder on their delay discounting rates; the parameters are analyzed by the saturating-hyperbolic function. The results show that cocaine users do not have significantly higher delay discounting rates; rather, they have significantly higher saturation indices, indicating the observed decision making bias in cocaine users is associated with the decision factor related to reward utility instead of the decision factor related to time utility. Furthermore, the findings suggest the observed decision making bias in cocaine users is not associated with binge eating disorder, indicating the decision preference is likely to be specific to drug users.
In Chapter 5, a personality measure based on the construct of time preference (the Time Preference Scale) is introduced. Its psychometric properties and its association with delay discounting and with the Barrat Impulsiveness Scale are investigated. The Time Preference Scale appears to have high reliability and validity. The latent trait of time preference is significantly associated with delay discounting rate. In addition, time preference is better than the overall…
Subjects/Keywords: Cocaine addiction; Decision making; Delay discounting; Impulsivity
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APA (6th Edition):
Gu, L. (2012). Delay discounting as a measure of impulsivity. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Minnesota. Retrieved from http://purl.umn.edu/137024
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Gu, Lidan. “Delay discounting as a measure of impulsivity.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Minnesota. Accessed December 11, 2019.
http://purl.umn.edu/137024.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Gu, Lidan. “Delay discounting as a measure of impulsivity.” 2012. Web. 11 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Gu L. Delay discounting as a measure of impulsivity. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Minnesota; 2012. [cited 2019 Dec 11].
Available from: http://purl.umn.edu/137024.
Council of Science Editors:
Gu L. Delay discounting as a measure of impulsivity. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Minnesota; 2012. Available from: http://purl.umn.edu/137024
University of Southern California
8.
Melrose, Andrew James.
Visual and audio priming of emotional stimuli and their
relationship to intertemporal preference shifts.
Degree: MA, Psychology, 2015, University of Southern California
URL: http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15799coll3/id/585820/rec/7833
► There is considerable evidence that when affect or emotions are experimentally manipulated it can lead to systematic preference shifts in intertemporal choice. Through two experiments,…
(more)
▼ There is considerable evidence that when affect or
emotions are experimentally manipulated it can lead to systematic
preference shifts in intertemporal choice. Through two experiments,
the current work sought to replicate and extend past works by
developing a new paradigm, and investigating potential mediating
variables. Experiment 1 sought to replicate and simplify a prior
study using happy, fearful and neutral face primes prior to
intertemporal choice. Results indicated that with our procedure,
both happy and fearful face primes increased impulsive choice.
Experiment 2 extended prior research by developing a novel paradigm
utilizing positively and negatively valenced auditory affective
primes prior to intertemporal choice. Results indicate that similar
to Experiment 1, both pleasant and unpleasant auditory primes
increased impulsive choice, though only unpleasant auditory primes
met significance. Results further implicate that intertemporal
preference shifts do not appear to be mediated by either
trial-by-trial variation in sympathetic nervous system activity or
fixation-based visual attention. Together, these experiments add to
the growing literature on the role of emotion and affect during
delay discounting, and also contributes to the current
understanding of underlying mechanisms by which affective primes
may be manipulating preferences.
Advisors/Committee Members: Monterosso, John R. (Committee Chair), Bechara, Antoine (Committee Member), Mather, Mara (Committee Member).
Subjects/Keywords: delay discounting; emotion; affect; eye-tracking
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APA (6th Edition):
Melrose, A. J. (2015). Visual and audio priming of emotional stimuli and their
relationship to intertemporal preference shifts. (Masters Thesis). University of Southern California. Retrieved from http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15799coll3/id/585820/rec/7833
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Melrose, Andrew James. “Visual and audio priming of emotional stimuli and their
relationship to intertemporal preference shifts.” 2015. Masters Thesis, University of Southern California. Accessed December 11, 2019.
http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15799coll3/id/585820/rec/7833.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Melrose, Andrew James. “Visual and audio priming of emotional stimuli and their
relationship to intertemporal preference shifts.” 2015. Web. 11 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Melrose AJ. Visual and audio priming of emotional stimuli and their
relationship to intertemporal preference shifts. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Southern California; 2015. [cited 2019 Dec 11].
Available from: http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15799coll3/id/585820/rec/7833.
Council of Science Editors:
Melrose AJ. Visual and audio priming of emotional stimuli and their
relationship to intertemporal preference shifts. [Masters Thesis]. University of Southern California; 2015. Available from: http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15799coll3/id/585820/rec/7833
Rutgers University
9.
Wall, Daniel, 1985-.
Extending the entanglement of risk and time: risk with multiple outcomes affects discounting.
Degree: MS, Psychology, 2017, Rutgers University
URL: https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/54035/
While many real world decisions involve both risk and delay, relatively little research has investigated the nuanced ways in which they interact. Moreover, those studies which have studied their interaction almost unanimously regard risk as binary – a 50% chance of 100 in four weeks and a 50% chance of 0 – what I term outcome risk. The general finding from these studies is that the combination of risk and time preferences is not a simple combination of each in isolation. This suggests that delay is entangled with risk. In this study, in addition to binary risk, I investigate how risk with multiple outcomes – amount risk – and risk with multiple outcomes and a chance receiving nothing – amount and outcome risk – both affect discounting. To derive predictions for amount and amount and outcome risk, I compare simulated data from a model which presumes that time and risk are entangled to a model which presumes risk and delay are independent. These predictions are tested in two studies and a within paper meta-analysis. As predicted by the simulations, both outcome and amount risk effect discounting and their effects are more pronounced when the delay to one of the options is in the present. Further, the effect of outcome risk is attenuated in the presence of amount risk. Taken together, these results show that a nuanced view of risk is required when investigating its interaction with delay.
Advisors/Committee Members: Hemmer, Pernille (chair), Chapman, Gretchen (internal member), Monga, Ashwani (internal member).Subjects/Keywords: Decision making; Delay discounting (Psychology); Risk
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Wall, Daniel, 1. (2017). Extending the entanglement of risk and time: risk with multiple outcomes affects discounting. (Masters Thesis). Rutgers University. Retrieved from https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/54035/
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Wall, Daniel, 1985-. “Extending the entanglement of risk and time: risk with multiple outcomes affects discounting.” 2017. Masters Thesis, Rutgers University. Accessed December 11, 2019.
https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/54035/.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Wall, Daniel, 1985-. “Extending the entanglement of risk and time: risk with multiple outcomes affects discounting.” 2017. Web. 11 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Wall, Daniel 1. Extending the entanglement of risk and time: risk with multiple outcomes affects discounting. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Rutgers University; 2017. [cited 2019 Dec 11].
Available from: https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/54035/.
Council of Science Editors:
Wall, Daniel 1. Extending the entanglement of risk and time: risk with multiple outcomes affects discounting. [Masters Thesis]. Rutgers University; 2017. Available from: https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/54035/
University of Kansas
10.
Yanagita, Bryan.
An Investigation into Predictors of Competitive Success in a Large-Scale Group Foraging Task.
Degree: MA, Applied Behavioral Science, 2016, University of Kansas
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1808/22380
► Ideal Free Distribution Theory (IFD) (Fretwell & Lucas, 1970) suggests that the allocation of organisms to two or more resource sites is a function of…
(more)
▼ Ideal Free Distribution Theory (IFD) (Fretwell & Lucas, 1970) suggests that the allocation of organisms to two or more resource sites is a function of the available resources at each site. Experimental arrangements involving human participants consist of a series of trials in which participants choose between two resource sites with differing resource values. Past research has investigated the relationship between
delay discounting and performance in an IFD task, noting correlations between higher
discounting and poorer individual performance. The current study sought to investigate the predictive capabilities of various psychological assessments, including an individual and group-context
delay discounting task. Results demonstrate that the allocation of participants conformed to the IFD theory. Additionally, results suggest that, while controlling for all other assessments, the individual
delay discounting assessment, competitive index score, and proportion of trials switched significantly predicted performance.
Advisors/Committee Members: Reed, Derek D (advisor), Neidert, Pamela L (cmtemember), Jarmolowicz, David P (cmtemember).
Subjects/Keywords: Behavioral sciences; Behavioral psychology; Competitive success; Delay discounting; Group context delay discounting; Ideal free distribution theory
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APA (6th Edition):
Yanagita, B. (2016). An Investigation into Predictors of Competitive Success in a Large-Scale Group Foraging Task. (Masters Thesis). University of Kansas. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1808/22380
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Yanagita, Bryan. “An Investigation into Predictors of Competitive Success in a Large-Scale Group Foraging Task.” 2016. Masters Thesis, University of Kansas. Accessed December 11, 2019.
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/22380.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Yanagita, Bryan. “An Investigation into Predictors of Competitive Success in a Large-Scale Group Foraging Task.” 2016. Web. 11 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Yanagita B. An Investigation into Predictors of Competitive Success in a Large-Scale Group Foraging Task. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Kansas; 2016. [cited 2019 Dec 11].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1808/22380.
Council of Science Editors:
Yanagita B. An Investigation into Predictors of Competitive Success in a Large-Scale Group Foraging Task. [Masters Thesis]. University of Kansas; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1808/22380
11.
Doidge, Joshua Leon.
A Meta-Analytic Review of Gender Differences on Delay of Gratification and Temporal Discounting Tasks in ADHD and Typically Developing Populations.
Degree: MA -MA, Psychology(Functional Area: Clinical-Developmental), 2018, York University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10315/34316
► Individuals with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) tend to prefer smaller immediate rewards over larger delayed rewards compared to Typically Developing (TD) individuals. Currently it is unknown…
(more)
▼ Individuals with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) tend to prefer smaller immediate rewards over larger delayed rewards compared to Typically Developing (TD) individuals. Currently it is unknown if males and females with ADHD differ in their preferences for delayed rewards, although females and males with ADHD appear to manifest differences in symptoms as well as in other cognitive and emotional domains. We used meta-analytic methods to examine gender differences on
delay of gratification and temporal
discounting tasks in both TD and ADHD samples. There were no differences between TD males and TD females, but males with ADHD were more likely to choose the larger delayed rewards than females with ADHD. These findings indicate a dissimilar pattern of gender differences for those with ADHD compared with TD samples. Implications of our findings are also discussed.
Advisors/Committee Members: Toplak, Maggie E. (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Developmental psychology; ADHD; Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; Delay of gratification; Decision-making; Gender differences; Delay discounting; Meta-analysis; Temporal discounting
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APA (6th Edition):
Doidge, J. L. (2018). A Meta-Analytic Review of Gender Differences on Delay of Gratification and Temporal Discounting Tasks in ADHD and Typically Developing Populations. (Masters Thesis). York University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10315/34316
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Doidge, Joshua Leon. “A Meta-Analytic Review of Gender Differences on Delay of Gratification and Temporal Discounting Tasks in ADHD and Typically Developing Populations.” 2018. Masters Thesis, York University. Accessed December 11, 2019.
http://hdl.handle.net/10315/34316.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Doidge, Joshua Leon. “A Meta-Analytic Review of Gender Differences on Delay of Gratification and Temporal Discounting Tasks in ADHD and Typically Developing Populations.” 2018. Web. 11 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Doidge JL. A Meta-Analytic Review of Gender Differences on Delay of Gratification and Temporal Discounting Tasks in ADHD and Typically Developing Populations. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. York University; 2018. [cited 2019 Dec 11].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10315/34316.
Council of Science Editors:
Doidge JL. A Meta-Analytic Review of Gender Differences on Delay of Gratification and Temporal Discounting Tasks in ADHD and Typically Developing Populations. [Masters Thesis]. York University; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10315/34316
University of Rochester
12.
Punekar, Imran Rafi Ahmed Abdullah.
Impulsivity in Parkinson Disease.
Degree: PhD, 2015, University of Rochester
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1802/29787
► Parkinson Disease (PD) is a degenerative neurological disease characterized by the loss of nigrostriatal dopamine neurons. Cardinal symptoms of the disease include resting tremor, rigidity,…
(more)
▼ Parkinson Disease (PD) is a degenerative
neurological disease characterized by the loss of nigrostriatal
dopamine neurons. Cardinal symptoms of the disease include resting
tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia and postural instability which can
be seen as symptoms of over-inhibition. When treated with
dopaminergic medications (MEDS) or subthalamic nucleus deep brain
stimulation (STN DBS) PD patients may develop one or more Impulse
Control Disorders (ICDs) such as pathological gambling or
hypersexuality. While the precise etiology of these disorders is
not known, they have been characterized as failures of inhibition.
We hypothesized that both forms of therapy increase impulsive
behavior even in PD subjects without clinically apparent ICD’s. We
employed three tasks designed to investigate response selection,
inhibition, and impulsive choice: a Go/No-Go task, a Stop Signal
Task (SST) and a Delay Discounting (DD) task. We further aimed to
clarify the relationships between task performance and a number of
measures including disease severity, apathy, and self-perceived
autonomy.
We report that both MEDS and STN DBS contribute to
impulsivity in PD and shift the balance towards habitual behavior
over than goal-directed behavior, although in distinct and
dissociable ways. MEDS result in the nonselective reinforcement of
frontal-subcortical and direct pathway circuits, undermining
experience and self-control, and resulting in increased discounting
and improved Reaction Times. STN DBS impairs the ability of the STN
to integrate frontal and striatal inputs and reduces STN output,
thereby improving Movement Times, impairing switching behavior and
resulting in decreased STN-induced slowing in high-conflict
situations. Our results highlight the contributions of, and
communication between, the Basal Ganglia and the Frontal Cortex in
response inhibition and impulsive choice. Furthermore, we discuss
the bioethical challenges and imperatives to treating impulsivity
in the context of PD.
Subjects/Keywords: Impulsivity; Parkinson Disease; Impulse Control; Delay Discounting; Intertemporal Delay; Bioethics; Neuroethics; Decision Making
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APA (6th Edition):
Punekar, I. R. A. A. (2015). Impulsivity in Parkinson Disease. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Rochester. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1802/29787
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Punekar, Imran Rafi Ahmed Abdullah. “Impulsivity in Parkinson Disease.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Rochester. Accessed December 11, 2019.
http://hdl.handle.net/1802/29787.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Punekar, Imran Rafi Ahmed Abdullah. “Impulsivity in Parkinson Disease.” 2015. Web. 11 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Punekar IRAA. Impulsivity in Parkinson Disease. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Rochester; 2015. [cited 2019 Dec 11].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1802/29787.
Council of Science Editors:
Punekar IRAA. Impulsivity in Parkinson Disease. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Rochester; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1802/29787
Utah State University
13.
Renda, C. Renee.
Changing Nonhuman Impulsive Choice.
Degree: PhD, Psychology, 2018, Utah State University
URL: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7014
► Preference for smaller-sooner over larger-later rewards characterizes one type of impulsivity—impulsive choice. Impulsive choice is related to a number of maladaptive behaviors including substance…
(more)
▼ Preference for smaller-sooner over larger-later rewards characterizes one type of impulsivity—impulsive choice. Impulsive choice is related to a number of maladaptive behaviors including substance abuse, pathological gambling, and poor health behaviors. As such, interventions designed to reduce impulsive choice may have therapeutic benefits. The purpose of this dissertation was to explore two methods to change nonhuman impulsive choice. In doing so, we hope to provide a baseline that future research can use to assess variables that are less amenable to human research (e.g., drug self-administration following reductions in impulsive choice). In Chapter 2, we failed to reduce nonhuman impulsive choice using working-memory training, a finding both inconsistent and consistent with the extant human literature. Chapters 3-5 sought to better understand a training regimen that generates large between-group differences in nonhuman impulsive choice—
delay- and immediacy-exposure training. The results from Chapters 3 and 4 suggest that prolonged exposure to delayed food rewards produces large and long-lasting reductions in impulsive choice. Chapter 5 showed that the
delay-exposure training effect can be obtained in fewer sessions than has previously been employed. A better understanding of the effects of
delay-exposure training on nonhuman impulsive choice may have implications for the design and implementation of a human analog.
Advisors/Committee Members: Gregory J. Madden, Timothy A. Shahan, Mona C. Buhusi, ;.
Subjects/Keywords: delay-exposure training; working-memory training; impulsive choice; delay discounting; impulsivity; Psychology
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Renda, C. R. (2018). Changing Nonhuman Impulsive Choice. (Doctoral Dissertation). Utah State University. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7014
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Renda, C Renee. “Changing Nonhuman Impulsive Choice.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, Utah State University. Accessed December 11, 2019.
https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7014.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Renda, C Renee. “Changing Nonhuman Impulsive Choice.” 2018. Web. 11 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Renda CR. Changing Nonhuman Impulsive Choice. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Utah State University; 2018. [cited 2019 Dec 11].
Available from: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7014.
Council of Science Editors:
Renda CR. Changing Nonhuman Impulsive Choice. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Utah State University; 2018. Available from: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7014
14.
Knezevic, Bojana.
Modeling the Multidimensional Nature of Impulsivity and its
Relation to Functional Outcomes.
Degree: PhD, Psychology, 2013, National Library of Canada
URL: http://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd/4948
► The present studies examined the role that impulsivity plays in personality development and emotion dysregulation both concurrently and longitudinally. The three studies utilized two…
(more)
▼ The present studies examined the
role that impulsivity plays in personality development and emotion
dysregulation both concurrently and longitudinally. The three
studies utilized two extant (secondary) datasets as well as new
data collection with a Canadian undergraduate sample. First, data
from the Block and Block dataset were used to assess the relations
between impulsivity and personality development across the life
span. Next, the lifelong relation between impulsivity and emotion
dysregulation was examined using the Simmons Longitudinal Study
dataset. Finally, 175 undergraduate students were administered
multiple measures associated with impulsivity. The aim was to use
measures across theoretical orientations to explore the
multifactorial nature of impulsivity. Results revealed the
existence of two distinct, yet related factors of impulsivity.
Cognitive and Behavioural facets of impulsivity were differentially
related to psychopathology and engagement in risky behaviour. The
integrated results of these three studies identified a link between
childhood impulsivity and subsequent personality development and
emotion dysregulation. Clinical and research implications are
discussed.
Advisors/Committee Members: Miller, Carlin J..
Subjects/Keywords: Psychology; Delay discounting; Emotion dysregulation; Impulsivity; Personality; Rewardseeking; Structural equation modeling
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APA (6th Edition):
Knezevic, B. (2013). Modeling the Multidimensional Nature of Impulsivity and its
Relation to Functional Outcomes. (Doctoral Dissertation). National Library of Canada. Retrieved from http://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd/4948
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Knezevic, Bojana. “Modeling the Multidimensional Nature of Impulsivity and its
Relation to Functional Outcomes.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, National Library of Canada. Accessed December 11, 2019.
http://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd/4948.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Knezevic, Bojana. “Modeling the Multidimensional Nature of Impulsivity and its
Relation to Functional Outcomes.” 2013. Web. 11 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Knezevic B. Modeling the Multidimensional Nature of Impulsivity and its
Relation to Functional Outcomes. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. National Library of Canada; 2013. [cited 2019 Dec 11].
Available from: http://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd/4948.
Council of Science Editors:
Knezevic B. Modeling the Multidimensional Nature of Impulsivity and its
Relation to Functional Outcomes. [Doctoral Dissertation]. National Library of Canada; 2013. Available from: http://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd/4948
Temple University
15.
Albert, William Dustin.
Neurodevelopmental Substrates of Peer Influences on Adolescents' Choice Evaluation and Decision Making.
Degree: PhD, 2011, Temple University
URL: http://digital.library.temple.edu/u?/p245801coll10,206744
► Psychology
Prior research suggests that adolescents are drawn to the temptations of immediate rewards to a greater degree than adults, particularly when making decisions in…
(more)
▼ Psychology
Prior research suggests that adolescents are drawn to the temptations of immediate rewards to a greater degree than adults, particularly when making decisions in the company of their peers. Dual-systems models of adolescent decision making posit that this immediate reward bias derives from a developmentally normative imbalance in the neural dynamics characterizing the adolescent brain. At a time when the brain's "top-down" cognitive control system is still developing the processing efficiency and functional integration thought to support mature self-regulation in adulthood, changes in "bottom-up" dopaminergic functioning imbue adolescents with heightened sensitivity to environmentally salient rewards. The resulting bias toward under-controlled, reward-driven behavior may be further accentuated by the presence of peers, who are hypothesized to prime incentive processing circuitry to respond to opportunities for immediate rewards. The present study utilized functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine age- and context-related differences between adolescents and adults in neural activity and choice behavior corresponding to the comparative evaluation of sooner-smaller and larger-later rewards in an intertemporal choice task. Half of the participants were scanned in a standard "alone" condition, and half were scanned in a "peer" condition, wherein two same-sex, same-age peers informed the participant that they would be observing task performance from the scanner control room. Although behavioral results did not support the hypothesis that peer presence would accentuate adolescents' bias toward immediate rewards, they confirm that, even when making decisions alone, adolescents are more inclined than adults to sacrifice the added value of a larger future reward in order to receive a smaller reward immediately. Furthermore, fMRI results demonstrate at least three important differences between adolescents and adults in neural activity corresponding to the comparative evaluation of rewards. First, adolescents evince stronger activation than adults in regions implicated in incentive processing (including bilateral caudate), consistent with a bias toward reward-driven behavior. Second, adolescents show stronger functional connectivity between a region in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) whose activity is correlated with impulsive choice and a region in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) shown by prior research to represent the value of decision options. This stronger OFC-vmPFC connectivity among adolescents is consistent with greater affective (OFC) influence on choice valuation and behavior (vmPFC). Finally, adolescents show stronger deactivation of regions implicated in cognitive control (including anterior cingulate and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex) when evaluating rewards with relatively longer delays, consistent with a failure to carefully consider the value of future rewards. Together, results suggest that neurodevelopmental theories of adolescent…
Advisors/Committee Members: Steinberg, Laurence D., Chein, Jason, Marshall, Peter J., Drabick, Deborah A.G., Olson, Ingrid, Byrnes, James P..
Subjects/Keywords: Developmental psychology; Neurosciences; Adolescents; Delay Discounting; fMRI; Intertemporal Choice; Peer Influence
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Albert, W. D. (2011). Neurodevelopmental Substrates of Peer Influences on Adolescents' Choice Evaluation and Decision Making. (Doctoral Dissertation). Temple University. Retrieved from http://digital.library.temple.edu/u?/p245801coll10,206744
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Albert, William Dustin. “Neurodevelopmental Substrates of Peer Influences on Adolescents' Choice Evaluation and Decision Making.” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, Temple University. Accessed December 11, 2019.
http://digital.library.temple.edu/u?/p245801coll10,206744.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Albert, William Dustin. “Neurodevelopmental Substrates of Peer Influences on Adolescents' Choice Evaluation and Decision Making.” 2011. Web. 11 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Albert WD. Neurodevelopmental Substrates of Peer Influences on Adolescents' Choice Evaluation and Decision Making. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Temple University; 2011. [cited 2019 Dec 11].
Available from: http://digital.library.temple.edu/u?/p245801coll10,206744.
Council of Science Editors:
Albert WD. Neurodevelopmental Substrates of Peer Influences on Adolescents' Choice Evaluation and Decision Making. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Temple University; 2011. Available from: http://digital.library.temple.edu/u?/p245801coll10,206744
University of Colorado
16.
Michaelson, Laura.
Delaying Gratification Depends on Social Trust.
Degree: MA, Psychology & Neuroscience, 2013, University of Colorado
URL: http://scholar.colorado.edu/psyc_gradetds/59
► Delaying gratification is hard, yet crucial to individual and societal success. Prominent theories focus on the importance of self-control, hypersensitivity to immediate rewards, and…
(more)
▼ Delaying gratification is hard, yet crucial to individual and societal success. Prominent theories focus on the importance of self-control, hypersensitivity to immediate rewards, and the subjective cost of time spent waiting. However, delaying gratification may also require trust in people delivering future rewards as promised. Four studies tested the role of social trust in delaying gratification. In Experiments 1 and 2, adult participants were presented with hypothetical character vignettes and faces that varied in trustworthiness, and then chose between smaller immediate or larger delayed rewards from those characters. In Experiment 3, children participated in the
delay of gratification task with an experimenter who behaved in either a trustworthy or an untrustworthy manner toward a confederate. Across all three experiments, participants were less willing to wait for delayed rewards from less trustworthy individuals. Experiment 4 measured individual differences in social trust and delaying gratification. Trust measures did not correlate with
delay choices. This work demonstrates that manipulating social trust influences
delay of gratification, across hypothetical and realized scenarios, in adults and children.
Advisors/Committee Members: Yuko Munakata, Eliana Colunga, Tor Wager.
Subjects/Keywords: delay of gratification; social trust; temporal discounting; Cognitive Psychology
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APA (6th Edition):
Michaelson, L. (2013). Delaying Gratification Depends on Social Trust. (Masters Thesis). University of Colorado. Retrieved from http://scholar.colorado.edu/psyc_gradetds/59
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Michaelson, Laura. “Delaying Gratification Depends on Social Trust.” 2013. Masters Thesis, University of Colorado. Accessed December 11, 2019.
http://scholar.colorado.edu/psyc_gradetds/59.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Michaelson, Laura. “Delaying Gratification Depends on Social Trust.” 2013. Web. 11 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Michaelson L. Delaying Gratification Depends on Social Trust. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Colorado; 2013. [cited 2019 Dec 11].
Available from: http://scholar.colorado.edu/psyc_gradetds/59.
Council of Science Editors:
Michaelson L. Delaying Gratification Depends on Social Trust. [Masters Thesis]. University of Colorado; 2013. Available from: http://scholar.colorado.edu/psyc_gradetds/59
University of Vermont
17.
Lopez, Alexa Ashley.
Examining Delay Discounting and Response to Incentive-Based Smoking-Cessation Treatment Among Pregnant Women.
Degree: PhD, Psychology, 2014, University of Vermont
URL: https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/272
► Delay discounting is considered by many to be a risk factor for substance use disorders and other health-related behavior problems. While these health-related behavior…
(more)
▼ Delay discounting is considered by many to be a risk factor for substance use disorders and other health-related behavior problems. While these health-related behavior problems are often treated with incentive-based interventions, little is known about whether
delay discounting (DD) moderates response to that treatment approach. The present study examined how response to incentive-based smoking-cessation treatment varied as a function of baseline DD scores among pregnant women participating in randomized controlled clinical trials examining the efficacy of financial incentives. Women were assigned to a condition wherein they earned vouchers exchangeable for retail items contingent on abstinence from recent smoking or to a control condition wherein they received vouchers of comparable value but independent of smoking status. Individual differences in DD of hypothetical monetary rewards were measured at the study intake and follow-up assessments. We examined whether individual differences in baseline scores on that instrument predict antepartum and postpartum smoking status using logistic regression, and if sustaining abstinence caused changes in DD scores from intake to 24-weeks postpartum. We did not see any significant main effects of DD or interactions of DD with treatment on antepartum or postpartum smoking status. Treatment condition, baseline smoking rate (cigs/day), a history of quit attempts pre-pregnancy, and educational attainment were all associated with increased odds of abstaining from smoking at the late-pregnancy antepartum assessment, and treatment condition was the only significant predictor of abstaining from smoking at 24-weeks postpartum, three months after the treatment formally ended. We saw no discernible evidence that sustained abstinence from smoking was associated with post-treatment decreases in DD. Overall, we saw no evidence that being a steeper discounter is associated with a lack of success in quitting smoking in either treatment condition. Being assigned to the incentives condition was the only predictor of antepartum and postpartum abstinence. The observed associations of a lower baseline smoking rate, higher educational attainment, and a history of having attempted to quit smoking previously with increased odds of success in achieving antepartum smoking abstinence is consistent with results from previous reports on predictors of response to this treatment underscoring the reliability of these relationships.
Advisors/Committee Members: Stephen T. Higgins, Kelley McLean.
Subjects/Keywords: Delay Discounting; Pregnancy; Smoking Cessation; Psychology; Social and Behavioral Sciences
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Lopez, A. A. (2014). Examining Delay Discounting and Response to Incentive-Based Smoking-Cessation Treatment Among Pregnant Women. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Vermont. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/272
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Lopez, Alexa Ashley. “Examining Delay Discounting and Response to Incentive-Based Smoking-Cessation Treatment Among Pregnant Women.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Vermont. Accessed December 11, 2019.
https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/272.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Lopez, Alexa Ashley. “Examining Delay Discounting and Response to Incentive-Based Smoking-Cessation Treatment Among Pregnant Women.” 2014. Web. 11 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Lopez AA. Examining Delay Discounting and Response to Incentive-Based Smoking-Cessation Treatment Among Pregnant Women. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Vermont; 2014. [cited 2019 Dec 11].
Available from: https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/272.
Council of Science Editors:
Lopez AA. Examining Delay Discounting and Response to Incentive-Based Smoking-Cessation Treatment Among Pregnant Women. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Vermont; 2014. Available from: https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/272
Victoria University of Wellington
18.
Thompson-Davies, Kendra.
Delay Discounting and the Cost of Waiting.
Degree: 2018, Victoria University of Wellington
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10063/7095
► If offered 50 now or 100 in a year, many of us will choose 50 now. This occurs because of delay discounting – the idea…
(more)
▼ If offered 50 now or 100 in a year, many of us will choose 50 now. This occurs because of
delay discounting – the idea that reinforcers lose value over time. Individuals tend to display shallower
discounting (self-controlled decision-making) in hypothetical
discounting tasks, and steeper
discounting (impulsive decision-making) in experiential
discounting tasks. Hypothetical
discounting tasks involve participants making a series of hypothetical monetary decisions (e.g. 50 now versus 100 in a year) over a range of delays. Experiential
discounting tasks involve participants experiencing the delays and outcomes of their choices.
A critical difference between hypothetical and experiential
discounting tasks is the type of
delay they use. Hypothetical
discounting task delays typically involve postponing. This involves participants imagining the reward is delivered to them after the
delay and that they are free to pursue other activities during the
delay. Experiential task delays involve participants waiting out each
delay before they receive their reward, (unable access any alternative reinforcement during the
delay). Individuals discount more steeply when tested experientially than hypothetically.
Experiment 1 investigated whether waiting and postponing are different
discounting constructs. We achieved this via a 2 X 2 within-subjects design where both experiential and hypothetical
discounting tasks had both Waiting and Postponing conditions. The hypothetical
discounting task involved participants being instructed to imagine waiting for a reward after a
delay (Waiting Condition), or imagine the reward would simply be delivered to them after the
delay (Postponing Condition). The experiential task involved participants playing a video game that involved having to stop playing and wait for a larger number of points after a
delay (Waiting Condition), or playing the game and getting the points delivered after the
delay (Postponing Condition). We expected steeper
discounting rates when waiting compared to postponing in both the experiential and hypothetical tasks. We found this effect only in the hypothetical task; however, this might be due to our procedure. We randomised the waiting and postponing trials in both tasks and this may have resulted in the participants being unable to discriminate between the interspersed trials.
Experiment 2 investigated whether this methodological feature affected
discounting in the experiential task, and we found that blocking the trials resulted in the anticipated effect. We found steeper
discounting in both the experiential and hypothetical tasks for waiting compared to postponing after implementing this change, suggesting that waiting and postponing are different constructs. Experiment 3 investigated what drives the difference between waiting and postponing. We found that waiting has a greater effect on reward value than postponing due to the inability to access alternative reinforcement during the
delay.
We also investigated the relationships among our
discounting measures and a…
Advisors/Committee Members: Macaskill, Anne.
Subjects/Keywords: Delay; Discounting; Decision-making; Waiting; Postponing; Experiential; Hypothetical
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APA (6th Edition):
Thompson-Davies, K. (2018). Delay Discounting and the Cost of Waiting. (Masters Thesis). Victoria University of Wellington. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10063/7095
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Thompson-Davies, Kendra. “Delay Discounting and the Cost of Waiting.” 2018. Masters Thesis, Victoria University of Wellington. Accessed December 11, 2019.
http://hdl.handle.net/10063/7095.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Thompson-Davies, Kendra. “Delay Discounting and the Cost of Waiting.” 2018. Web. 11 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Thompson-Davies K. Delay Discounting and the Cost of Waiting. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Victoria University of Wellington; 2018. [cited 2019 Dec 11].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10063/7095.
Council of Science Editors:
Thompson-Davies K. Delay Discounting and the Cost of Waiting. [Masters Thesis]. Victoria University of Wellington; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10063/7095
University of Plymouth
19.
Bradford, Jessica Claire.
Relations between impulsivity and mindfulness in adolescents with behavioural, emotional and social difficulties.
Degree: PhD, 2012, University of Plymouth
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/1178
► Impulsivity and the effectiveness of a mindfulness-based intervention were explored in relation to improving behavioural self-regulation in adolescents with behavioural, emotional and social difficulties (BESD).…
(more)
▼ Impulsivity and the effectiveness of a mindfulness-based intervention were explored in relation to improving behavioural self-regulation in adolescents with behavioural, emotional and social difficulties (BESD). A computerised choice task (CCT) was developed to measure delay discounting (a shift in choice from a larger reward to a smaller reward as the delay to the larger reward increases) in adolescents with BESD and compared it with several additional measures of impulsivity. The degree to which impulsivity and thoughts are related was explored using mindfulness measures. Effects of task type (computer versus sand-timer) and task context (school versus house) were also studied. Results suggested an effect of method but not location on discounting. Few between measure comparisons were significant, suggesting the possibility that different impulsivity measures assess different forms of impulsivity. However a significant negative correlation was found between impulsivity and mindfulness. A mindfulness-based intervention was implemented and results suggest potentially beneficial effects of applying mindfulness training to improve self-control and self-regulation in adolescents with BESD. Further research is necessary to determine the effectiveness of mindfulness training in adolescents with BESD, and explore differences between impulsivity measures to assist with effective measurement and intervention.
Subjects/Keywords: 155.25; Impulsivity, Self-regulation, Thoughts, Intervention, Mindfulness, Delay discounting, Adolescents, BESD.
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APA (6th Edition):
Bradford, J. C. (2012). Relations between impulsivity and mindfulness in adolescents with behavioural, emotional and social difficulties. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Plymouth. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/1178
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Bradford, Jessica Claire. “Relations between impulsivity and mindfulness in adolescents with behavioural, emotional and social difficulties.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Plymouth. Accessed December 11, 2019.
http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/1178.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Bradford, Jessica Claire. “Relations between impulsivity and mindfulness in adolescents with behavioural, emotional and social difficulties.” 2012. Web. 11 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Bradford JC. Relations between impulsivity and mindfulness in adolescents with behavioural, emotional and social difficulties. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Plymouth; 2012. [cited 2019 Dec 11].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/1178.
Council of Science Editors:
Bradford JC. Relations between impulsivity and mindfulness in adolescents with behavioural, emotional and social difficulties. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Plymouth; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/1178
University of Manchester
20.
Blackburn, Marianna Carmen.
Decision making under uncertainty : differentiating between 'if', 'what' and 'when' outcomes occur.
Degree: PhD, 2012, University of Manchester
URL: https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/decision-making-under-uncertainty-differentiating-between-if-what-and-when-outcomes-occur(70679727-6773-458c-9833-36ecbbc97d64).html
;
http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.553466
► Why is it difficult to save for a pension or maintain a healthy diet? Choosing between options that have future or delayed consequences presents a…
(more)
▼ Why is it difficult to save for a pension or maintain a healthy diet? Choosing between options that have future or delayed consequences presents a challenge for a decision maker. When faced with such intertemporal choices the tendency to favour choices with immediate or short term outcomes, otherwise known as delay discounting, can lead to suboptimal consequences in the long-term. However, the mechanisms underlying the devaluation of future outcomes are poorly understood. This is due to the lack of a consistent framework for the representation of delays and delayed outcomes. One perspective is to represent delays as uncertainty. However, current conceptions of uncertainty are limited, by and large, to the dimension of probability, and are therefore inadequate. This thesis adopts a delay discounting model and emphasises different types of uncertainties within choice. Unifying these components, a framework that considers intertemporal choice as decision making under uncertainty is proposed. A series of behavioural and electrophysiological studies is presented to demonstrate that: it is the perceived uncertainty about 'if' and 'when' outcomes occur that contributes to behavioural discounting (chapters 2 and 3); the perception and evaluation of 'what' is delayed is underlined by emotional processes (chapter 4); and that generally, uncertainties about 'if' and 'what' outcomes differentially characterise risky and impulsive choices (chapter 5), and can be distinguished in terms of their informational qualities (chapter 6). Collectively, these findings present a deconstruction of uncertainty into components of 'if', 'what' and 'when', that could be mapped to delayed outcomes. I discuss them within the context of judgement and decision making, individual differences, and neural aspects of reward processing. These results allow me to argue that 1) all decision making is a process of information availability; 2) behaviour is motivated to reduce uncertainty; 3) choice is the manifestation of acquired information gathered from a decision-maker's internal and/or external environment. In conclusion, this thesis demonstrates that decision making under uncertainty can be qualified beyond a single dimension of probability; and that uncertainty can be characterised as a state of incomplete information about 'if' 'what' and 'when' outcomes will occur. Accordingly, intertemporal and risky choices can be accommodated within a single framework, subject to the same cognitive and neural processes. Consequently, this framework allows for the design of behavioural interventions that specifically target reducing uncertainties of 'if', 'what' or 'when'.
Subjects/Keywords: 153.83; Decision-Making; Intertemporal Choice; Delay Discounting; Uncertainty
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APA (6th Edition):
Blackburn, M. C. (2012). Decision making under uncertainty : differentiating between 'if', 'what' and 'when' outcomes occur. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Manchester. Retrieved from https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/decision-making-under-uncertainty-differentiating-between-if-what-and-when-outcomes-occur(70679727-6773-458c-9833-36ecbbc97d64).html ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.553466
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Blackburn, Marianna Carmen. “Decision making under uncertainty : differentiating between 'if', 'what' and 'when' outcomes occur.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Manchester. Accessed December 11, 2019.
https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/decision-making-under-uncertainty-differentiating-between-if-what-and-when-outcomes-occur(70679727-6773-458c-9833-36ecbbc97d64).html ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.553466.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Blackburn, Marianna Carmen. “Decision making under uncertainty : differentiating between 'if', 'what' and 'when' outcomes occur.” 2012. Web. 11 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Blackburn MC. Decision making under uncertainty : differentiating between 'if', 'what' and 'when' outcomes occur. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2012. [cited 2019 Dec 11].
Available from: https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/decision-making-under-uncertainty-differentiating-between-if-what-and-when-outcomes-occur(70679727-6773-458c-9833-36ecbbc97d64).html ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.553466.
Council of Science Editors:
Blackburn MC. Decision making under uncertainty : differentiating between 'if', 'what' and 'when' outcomes occur. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2012. Available from: https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/decision-making-under-uncertainty-differentiating-between-if-what-and-when-outcomes-occur(70679727-6773-458c-9833-36ecbbc97d64).html ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.553466
Virginia Tech
21.
Banes, Kelsey E.
The Effect of Episodic Future Thought on Delay Discounting, Outcome Expectancies, and Alcohol Use among Risky College Drinkers.
Degree: PhD, Psychology, 2016, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/82919
► Positive, but distal consequences of reducing alcohol use among at-risk users may have little impact on behavior due to temporal discounting (Mazur, 1987), in which…
(more)
▼ Positive, but distal consequences of reducing alcohol use among at-risk users may have little impact on behavior due to temporal
discounting (Mazur, 1987), in which delayed rewards are devalued relative to more proximal rewards, even if such distal rewards actually provide considerably more value.
Delay discounting may be manipulated using a variety of means, one of which involves utilizing prospective thinking about future autobiographical events and is termed Episodic Future Thinking (Atance and ONeill, 2001). Episodic future thinking (EFT) has been demonstrated in previous studies to be effective in reducing
delay discounting relative to a variety of control conditions (Benoit, Gilbert, and Burgess, 2011; Daniel, Stanton, and Epstein, 2013a, 2013b; Lin and Epstein, 2014; Peters and Büchel, 2010) and recently among substance-abusing populations (Snider, LaConte, and Bickel, 2016; Stein et al., 2016). The present study examined EFT in a novel sample of at-risk alcohol users. Participants were randomized to EFT, episodic past thinking (EPT), or a control condition in which non-autobiographical events were recalled (CET). Immediately following intervention, results demonstrated significantly less
discounting in EFT and EPT, relative to CET. At follow-up, EFT demonstrated significantly less temporal
discounting and alcohol use, when compared to both EPT and CET. No differences among conditions in alcohol demand or alcohol use intentions were observed. The present study contributes a number of novel findings to the literature, most notably that engaging in EFT predicts reductions in alcohol use prospectively and that reductions in
delay discounting associated with EFT persist at least a week later, without any additional intervention. Such findings suggest that EFT manipulations influence the valuation of future rewards. Additionally, findings support EFT as a useful supplement to existing empirically-supported treatments or a component of novel substance use disorder treatments.
Advisors/Committee Members: Stephens, Robert S. (committeechair), Axsom, Danny K. (committee member), Clum, George A. (committee member), Bickel, Warren K. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Alcohol; Substance Use Disorders; Delay Discounting; Episodic Future Thinking
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Banes, K. E. (2016). The Effect of Episodic Future Thought on Delay Discounting, Outcome Expectancies, and Alcohol Use among Risky College Drinkers. (Doctoral Dissertation). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/82919
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Banes, Kelsey E. “The Effect of Episodic Future Thought on Delay Discounting, Outcome Expectancies, and Alcohol Use among Risky College Drinkers.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, Virginia Tech. Accessed December 11, 2019.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/82919.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Banes, Kelsey E. “The Effect of Episodic Future Thought on Delay Discounting, Outcome Expectancies, and Alcohol Use among Risky College Drinkers.” 2016. Web. 11 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Banes KE. The Effect of Episodic Future Thought on Delay Discounting, Outcome Expectancies, and Alcohol Use among Risky College Drinkers. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 2016. [cited 2019 Dec 11].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/82919.
Council of Science Editors:
Banes KE. The Effect of Episodic Future Thought on Delay Discounting, Outcome Expectancies, and Alcohol Use among Risky College Drinkers. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/82919
Virginia Tech
22.
Peviani, Kristin M.
Longitudinal Associations among Adolescent Socioeconomic Status, Delay Discounting, and Substance Use.
Degree: MS, Psychology, 2018, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/82446
► Adolescence is a period of heightened risk for substance use and heightened vulnerability to the effects of substances. Yet, little is known about how socioeconomic…
(more)
▼ Adolescence is a period of heightened risk for substance use and heightened vulnerability to the effects of substances. Yet, little is known about how socioeconomic status (SES) influences adolescent decision making and behavior to add to these risks. This study used latent growth curve modeling (GCM) to examine the role of SES on adolescent decision making and substance use in a sample of 167 adolescents (52% male). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to compute SES factor scores across three time points using an average of parent and spouse education years and income. Adolescent
delay discounting and substance use were measured annually across three time points. The main goal of this study is to examine how SES may explain individual differences in
delay discounting and substance use across adolescence. We used parallel process growth curve modeling with SES as a time-varying and time-invariant covariate to examine the links between adolescent SES,
delay discounting, and substance use age of onset and frequency. These results reveal that
delay discounting shows linear decreases in growth across adolescence whereas cigarette, alcohol, marijuana, and polysubstance use show increasing linear growth across adolescence. Additionally, low SES may lead to earlier onset adolescent alcohol and polysubstance use by way of heightened levels of
delay discounting. These findings suggest that
delay discounting interventions may help reduce socioeconomic differences in early onset alcohol and polysubstance use, while
delay discounting development is still in progress.
Advisors/Committee Members: Kim-Spoon, Jungmeen (committeechair), Bickel, Warren K. (committee member), King-Casas, Brooks (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: socioeconomic status; substance use; delay discounting; adolescence; growth curve modeling
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APA (6th Edition):
Peviani, K. M. (2018). Longitudinal Associations among Adolescent Socioeconomic Status, Delay Discounting, and Substance Use. (Masters Thesis). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/82446
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Peviani, Kristin M. “Longitudinal Associations among Adolescent Socioeconomic Status, Delay Discounting, and Substance Use.” 2018. Masters Thesis, Virginia Tech. Accessed December 11, 2019.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/82446.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Peviani, Kristin M. “Longitudinal Associations among Adolescent Socioeconomic Status, Delay Discounting, and Substance Use.” 2018. Web. 11 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Peviani KM. Longitudinal Associations among Adolescent Socioeconomic Status, Delay Discounting, and Substance Use. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2018. [cited 2019 Dec 11].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/82446.
Council of Science Editors:
Peviani KM. Longitudinal Associations among Adolescent Socioeconomic Status, Delay Discounting, and Substance Use. [Masters Thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/82446
SUNY College at Brockport
23.
Button, Alyssa.
Dieting Restraint and Food Deprivation Effects on Delay Discounting for Food.
Degree: MA, Psychology, 2017, SUNY College at Brockport
URL: https://digitalcommons.brockport.edu/psh_theses/14
► Previous literature has found alternative results for how deprivation affects self-control and delay discounting. Self-control is defined as the choice of waiting a longer…
(more)
▼ Previous literature has found alternative results for how deprivation affects self-control and
delay discounting. Self-control is defined as the choice of waiting a longer time for a larger reward, versus impulsivity, or, waiting a shorter time for a smaller reward. The current study manipulated deprivation using soup preload and no soup preload conditions. These conditions were analyzed to determine their effects on measures of hypothetical
delay discounting for food and measures of inhibition and suppression. Other variables that were measured and analyzed include: participant’s dieting status (which can also be defined as caloric restriction, or dietary restraint), and body mass index (BMI). It was hypothesized that dieting status will interact with deprivation levels and therefore affect performance on
delay discounting food tasks and a parametric go no/go task. Results from the study found significant effects of deprivation status, but no significant effects of dieting status or interactions between the two. An additional exploratory hypothesis was to determine how BMI and other eating behaviors are related to these results. BMI and other eating behaviors yielded no significant effects on
delay discounting k values or suppression and mean reaction times. Implications of the proposed research could increase the scientific knowledge in how food choices are made, and how these choices contribute to unhealthy weight conditions and how we can improve methods and treatment for these maladaptive eating behaviors.
Advisors/Committee Members: Dr. Lori-Ann Forzano, Dr. James Witnauer, Dr. Melissa Brown.
Subjects/Keywords: Restraint; Deprivation; Delay Discounting; Self Control; Inhibition; Dieting; Psychology
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APA (6th Edition):
Button, A. (2017). Dieting Restraint and Food Deprivation Effects on Delay Discounting for Food. (Thesis). SUNY College at Brockport. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.brockport.edu/psh_theses/14
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Button, Alyssa. “Dieting Restraint and Food Deprivation Effects on Delay Discounting for Food.” 2017. Thesis, SUNY College at Brockport. Accessed December 11, 2019.
https://digitalcommons.brockport.edu/psh_theses/14.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Button, Alyssa. “Dieting Restraint and Food Deprivation Effects on Delay Discounting for Food.” 2017. Web. 11 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Button A. Dieting Restraint and Food Deprivation Effects on Delay Discounting for Food. [Internet] [Thesis]. SUNY College at Brockport; 2017. [cited 2019 Dec 11].
Available from: https://digitalcommons.brockport.edu/psh_theses/14.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Button A. Dieting Restraint and Food Deprivation Effects on Delay Discounting for Food. [Thesis]. SUNY College at Brockport; 2017. Available from: https://digitalcommons.brockport.edu/psh_theses/14
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Southern Illinois University
24.
Wilson, Courtney.
EVALUATING THE COMPOUNDING EFFECTS OF WEIGHT LOSS AND WEIGHT GAIN IN CHOOSING TO EXERCISE.
Degree: MS, Behavior Analysis and Therapy, 2017, Southern Illinois University
URL: http://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2271
► The present study used healthy questionnaires to evaluate the compounding effects of weight loss and weight gain in choosing to exercise. The questionnaire was…
(more)
▼ The present study used healthy questionnaires to evaluate the compounding effects of weight loss and weight gain in choosing to exercise. The questionnaire was distributed to 31 participants via social media outlets. Demographic information was also recorded such as height, weight, ethnicity, and income. The height and weight recorded was used to correlate the BMI with the AUC values. This data did not show a strong correlation between body mass index with high or low AUC values, these values were evenly distributed between underweight, normal/average weight, and overweight participants. . The questionnaires designed to assess how people view exercise and to determine if there is a pattern with sequencing delays with the calculated switch point and AUC. Statistical and visual analyses were conducted at the group and participant level. The switch points, were documented from each
delay and was calculated to determine the compounding sequence that was preferred from each participant. The results from the study indicated that participants chose to exercise immediately within the first day, when the consequence was to lose weight. The results for the gain condition indicated that participants would gain weight instead of exercise, to a certain limit (100 days), when they chose to then engage in exercise behavior regularly. The conclusion of this study shows that the longer the
delay the less valued the outcome is. This is important when understanding the obesity epidemic within the United States.
Advisors/Committee Members: Dixon, Mark.
Subjects/Keywords: compounding effects; delay discounting; weight gain; weight loss
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APA (6th Edition):
Wilson, C. (2017). EVALUATING THE COMPOUNDING EFFECTS OF WEIGHT LOSS AND WEIGHT GAIN IN CHOOSING TO EXERCISE. (Masters Thesis). Southern Illinois University. Retrieved from http://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2271
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Wilson, Courtney. “EVALUATING THE COMPOUNDING EFFECTS OF WEIGHT LOSS AND WEIGHT GAIN IN CHOOSING TO EXERCISE.” 2017. Masters Thesis, Southern Illinois University. Accessed December 11, 2019.
http://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2271.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Wilson, Courtney. “EVALUATING THE COMPOUNDING EFFECTS OF WEIGHT LOSS AND WEIGHT GAIN IN CHOOSING TO EXERCISE.” 2017. Web. 11 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Wilson C. EVALUATING THE COMPOUNDING EFFECTS OF WEIGHT LOSS AND WEIGHT GAIN IN CHOOSING TO EXERCISE. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Southern Illinois University; 2017. [cited 2019 Dec 11].
Available from: http://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2271.
Council of Science Editors:
Wilson C. EVALUATING THE COMPOUNDING EFFECTS OF WEIGHT LOSS AND WEIGHT GAIN IN CHOOSING TO EXERCISE. [Masters Thesis]. Southern Illinois University; 2017. Available from: http://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2271
University of Waikato
25.
Yuan, Chengan.
Preference in Asynchronous Presentation of Stimuli
.
Degree: 2009, University of Waikato
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2795
► A self-control procedure that involved a later onset of a stimulus signalling a small reinforcer within the waiting time for a larger reinforcer was investigated…
(more)
▼ A self-control procedure that involved a later onset of a stimulus signalling a
small reinforcer within the waiting time for a larger reinforcer was investigated to
determine a point of shifting preference and a discounting function as the delay
varied. The results from Experiment 1 to Experiment 3 showed exclusive
impulsive choices regardless of the delay. In order to examine if the results were
due to the procedure and the parameters, or the species used, Experiment 4
attempted to obtain shifts in preference using simultaneous onset of stimuli with
the same species. The results demonstrated no changes in preference but an
increase in proportion of self-control choices was shown. Due to the limited
information from the replicated studies, the accounts for the results could not be
concluded. The explanations derived from choice models seemed most plausible,
but limitations of the choice models were discussed.
Subjects/Keywords: Self-Control;
Temporal Discounting;
Matching Law;
Preference;
Delay
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Export
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Yuan, C. (2009). Preference in Asynchronous Presentation of Stimuli
. (Masters Thesis). University of Waikato. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2795
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Yuan, Chengan. “Preference in Asynchronous Presentation of Stimuli
.” 2009. Masters Thesis, University of Waikato. Accessed December 11, 2019.
http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2795.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Yuan, Chengan. “Preference in Asynchronous Presentation of Stimuli
.” 2009. Web. 11 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Yuan C. Preference in Asynchronous Presentation of Stimuli
. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Waikato; 2009. [cited 2019 Dec 11].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2795.
Council of Science Editors:
Yuan C. Preference in Asynchronous Presentation of Stimuli
. [Masters Thesis]. University of Waikato; 2009. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2795
Oklahoma State University
26.
Swift, Joshua Keith.
Client Preferences and the Specific versus Common Factors Debate.
Degree: Department of Psychology, 2010, Oklahoma State University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11244/6978
► Client preferences for psychological treatments have been found to play an important role in therapy outcomes. The present study was designed to examine client preferences…
(more)
▼ Client preferences for psychological treatments have been found to play an important role in therapy outcomes. The present study was designed to examine client preferences for treatment using a
delay-
discounting model. In this study adult clients presenting for therapy services were asked to indicate their preferences on four
delay-
discounting choices concerning treatments with altering levels of effectiveness and another therapy-related variable. Findings and Conclusions: Data from 66 adult participants indicated that clients would desire a treatment that was 48% less effective in order to ensure that they received a therapist who was warm, empathetic, and accepting; a 38% less effective treatment in order to ensure that they received a therapist with whom they could develop a relationship with; a 34% less effective treatment in order to ensure that they would do more of the talking in session; and a 25% less effective treatment in order to ensure that their therapist was high in expertise. Further, clients were found to cluster into four groups depending on their expressed preferences: those who preferred the common factors over treatment effectiveness, those who preferred treatment effectiveness above any common factor, those who desired most an empathetic therapist, and those who desire most to develop a therapeutic relationship with an empathetic therapist. Given that comparative trials often find small differences in effectiveness levels between treatments and the findings from this study indicating that clients desire less effective treatments if some other therapy-related factor is involved, client preferences should be included in the treatment decision-making process.
Advisors/Committee Members: Callahan, Jennifer L. (advisor), Grice, James (committee member), Leffingwell, Thad (committee member), Gardner, Brandt (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: common factors; delay-discounting; treatment efficacy; treatment preferences
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Swift, J. K. (2010). Client Preferences and the Specific versus Common Factors Debate. (Thesis). Oklahoma State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11244/6978
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Swift, Joshua Keith. “Client Preferences and the Specific versus Common Factors Debate.” 2010. Thesis, Oklahoma State University. Accessed December 11, 2019.
http://hdl.handle.net/11244/6978.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Swift, Joshua Keith. “Client Preferences and the Specific versus Common Factors Debate.” 2010. Web. 11 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Swift JK. Client Preferences and the Specific versus Common Factors Debate. [Internet] [Thesis]. Oklahoma State University; 2010. [cited 2019 Dec 11].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11244/6978.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Swift JK. Client Preferences and the Specific versus Common Factors Debate. [Thesis]. Oklahoma State University; 2010. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11244/6978
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
IUPUI
27.
Beckwith, Steven Wesley.
The role of the medial prefrontal cortex in delay discounting.
Degree: 2017, IUPUI
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1805/13333
► Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)
Increased delay discounting (DD) has been associated with and is theorized to contribute to alcoholism and substance abuse. It is…
(more)
▼ Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)
Increased delay discounting (DD) has been associated with and is theorized to contribute to alcoholism and substance abuse. It is also been associated with numerous other mental disorders and is believed to be a trans-disease process (i.e., a process that occurs in and contributes to multiple different pathologies). Consequently insights gained from studying DD are likely to apply to many different diseases. Studies on the neurobiological underpinnings of DD have two main interpretations. The first interpretation is that two different neurobehavioral systems exist, one favoring delayed rewards (executive system) and one favoring immediate rewards (impulsive system), and the system with the greater relative activation determines choice made by an individual. Alternatively, a single valuation system may exist. This system integrates different information about outcomes and generates a value signal that then guides decision making. Preclinical investigations have steered clear of these two different interpretations and rather focused on the role of individual structures in DD. One such structure, the rat mPFC, may generate an outcome representation of delayed rewards that is critically involved in attributing value to delayed rewards. Moreover, there is evidence indicating the rat mPFC may correspond to the primate dlPFC, an executive system structure.
The current body of work set about testing the hypotheses that the mPFC is necessary for attributing value to delayed rewards and that decreasing the activity in an executive system area, and thus the executive system, shifts inter-temporal preference towards immediate rewards. To this end the rat mPFC was inactivated using an hM4Di inhibitory designer receptor exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADD; experiment 1) or microinjections of tetrodotoxin (TTX; experiment 2) while animals completed an adjusting amount DD task. Activation of the hM4Di inhibitory DREADD receptor caused a decrease in DD, opposite of what was predicted. Electrophysiological recordings revealed a subpopulation of neurons actually increased their firing in response to hM4Di receptor activation, potentially explaining the unpredicted results. Microinjections of TTX to completely silence neural activity in the mPFC failed to produce a change in DD. Together both results indicate that mPFC activity is capable of manipulating but is not necessary for DD and the attribution of value to the delayed reward. Consequently, a secondary role for the rat mPFC in DD is proposed in line with single valuation system accounts of DD. Further investigations determining the primary structures responsible for sustaining delayed reward valuation and how manipulating the mPFC may be a means to decrease DD are warranted, and continued investigation that delineates the neurobiological processes of delayed reward valuation may provide valuable insight to both addiction and psychopathology.
Advisors/Committee Members: Czachowski, Cristine.
Subjects/Keywords: Prefrontal Cortex; Rat; Delay Discounting; Inter-temporal Choice; DREADDs; Tetrodotoxin; Impulsivity
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APA (6th Edition):
Beckwith, S. W. (2017). The role of the medial prefrontal cortex in delay discounting. (Thesis). IUPUI. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1805/13333
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Beckwith, Steven Wesley. “The role of the medial prefrontal cortex in delay discounting.” 2017. Thesis, IUPUI. Accessed December 11, 2019.
http://hdl.handle.net/1805/13333.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Beckwith, Steven Wesley. “The role of the medial prefrontal cortex in delay discounting.” 2017. Web. 11 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Beckwith SW. The role of the medial prefrontal cortex in delay discounting. [Internet] [Thesis]. IUPUI; 2017. [cited 2019 Dec 11].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1805/13333.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Beckwith SW. The role of the medial prefrontal cortex in delay discounting. [Thesis]. IUPUI; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1805/13333
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Kansas State University
28.
Canale, Anthony.
The
association between time preference and net worth: incentivized
choice and scaled approach using the NLSY79.
Degree: PhD, Department of Human
Ecology-Personal Financial Planning, 2018, Kansas State University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/38805
► Americans seem to be financially vulnerable and lack sufficient net worth to overcome financial obstacles such as unforeseen medical issues, temporary job loss, or changing…
(more)
▼ Americans seem to be financially vulnerable and lack
sufficient net worth to overcome financial obstacles such as
unforeseen medical issues, temporary job loss, or changing economic
conditions. Americans aren’t saving enough, have too much debt, and
tend to have a short-sighted view on their finances. Wealth is a
primary indicator of financial and economic security and
maintaining and improving standard of living are two important
financial goals. Aggregate net worth can be used to gauge the
financial well-being of Americans because it includes both assets
and liabilities.
It is hypothesized that part of the instability
which results in the lack of accumulating adequate wealth, is time
preference. Time preference is an important psychological construct
which examines the ability to defer gratification. Time preference
represents the intertemporal choice between immediate versus
delayed utility. A low rate of time preference implies a low rate
of intertemporal
discounting. Individuals with low
discounting do
not heavily discount the future and are able to defer
gratification. A high rate of time preference or a high rate of
intertemporal
discounting, suggests that individuals are more
present oriented, heavily discount the future, prefer immediate
gratification.
This research study takes a unique approach to
examining time preference since the experimental community lacks a
clear consensus on how to best measure this construct. Standard
risk and time preferences measures are typically achieved through
responses to financially incentivized choice questions. Researchers
have argued that incentivized choice questions may be common but
they lack precision. Therefore, combining behaviors that involve
intertemporal tradeoffs into a scale to measure time preference is
believed to be a more accurate indicator of time preference.
However, there is little research that has reliably developed and
tested its use. This research examines time preference by comparing
incentive choice questions as a proxy for time preference as well
as an additive scale of intertemporal behaviors using a national
representative sample.
Regression analysis revealed that that
time preference measured using an additive scale of intertemporal
behaviors was significantly associated with net worth. The
incentive choice questions as a measure of time preference were not
significantly associated with net worth. The respondents with a
high rate of intertemporal
discounting as measured by the time
preference scale accumulated less net-worth than respondents with a
lower rate of intertemporal
discounting. In addition, in the
regression model when individual behaviors involving intertemporal
tradeoffs such as smoking, drinking, and not taking physical exams
were added as individual behaviors, the model was the preferred
predictor of net worth.
Advisors/Committee Members: Maurice MacDonald
Clifford Robb.
Subjects/Keywords: Time
preference; Net
worth; Delay
discounting; Time
preference scale; Incentive
choice
Record Details
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APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Canale, A. (2018). The
association between time preference and net worth: incentivized
choice and scaled approach using the NLSY79. (Doctoral Dissertation). Kansas State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2097/38805
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Canale, Anthony. “The
association between time preference and net worth: incentivized
choice and scaled approach using the NLSY79.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, Kansas State University. Accessed December 11, 2019.
http://hdl.handle.net/2097/38805.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Canale, Anthony. “The
association between time preference and net worth: incentivized
choice and scaled approach using the NLSY79.” 2018. Web. 11 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Canale A. The
association between time preference and net worth: incentivized
choice and scaled approach using the NLSY79. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Kansas State University; 2018. [cited 2019 Dec 11].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/38805.
Council of Science Editors:
Canale A. The
association between time preference and net worth: incentivized
choice and scaled approach using the NLSY79. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Kansas State University; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/38805
Utah State University
29.
DeHart, W. Brady.
Identifying the Underlying Components of Delay Discounting Using Latent Factor Modeling.
Degree: PhD, Psychology, 2017, Utah State University
URL: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6339
► Many problematic behaviors can be conceptualized as choosing a smaller, immediate outcome over a larger, delayed outcome. For example, drug abuse involves choosing between…
(more)
▼ Many problematic behaviors can be conceptualized as choosing a smaller, immediate outcome over a larger, delayed outcome. For example, drug abuse involves choosing between the immediate euphoric effects of the drug and the delayed health and legal consequences of drug abuse. Individuals that consistently choose the smaller outcome are said to behavior “impulsively.” The goal of this dissertation was to understand how to change impulsive choice. Chapters 2 and 3 successfully demonstrate that impulsive choice can be altered by reframing how the choice is presented. For example, framing a delayed outcome using a specific date instead of a duration of time (e.g., 1 year) reduced impulsive choice. However, these findings do not explain why impulsive choice changed. The goal of Chapter 4 was to identify the underlying processes that result in impulsive choice with the hopes that by understanding these processes, impulsive choice can be reduced. Latent factor modeling was used to understand the role if three proposed processes in impulsive choice: marginal utility, cardinal utility, and nonlinear time perception. The results of the latent factor model indicated that nonlinear time perception does relate to how delayed outcomes are valued but not marginal utility and cardinal utility.
Advisors/Committee Members: Amy L. Odum, Gregory J. Madden, Christian Geiser, ;.
Subjects/Keywords: Delay Discounting; Behavioral Economics; Structural Equation Modeling; Impulsivity; Psychology
Record Details
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
DeHart, W. B. (2017). Identifying the Underlying Components of Delay Discounting Using Latent Factor Modeling. (Doctoral Dissertation). Utah State University. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6339
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
DeHart, W Brady. “Identifying the Underlying Components of Delay Discounting Using Latent Factor Modeling.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, Utah State University. Accessed December 11, 2019.
https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6339.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
DeHart, W Brady. “Identifying the Underlying Components of Delay Discounting Using Latent Factor Modeling.” 2017. Web. 11 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
DeHart WB. Identifying the Underlying Components of Delay Discounting Using Latent Factor Modeling. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Utah State University; 2017. [cited 2019 Dec 11].
Available from: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6339.
Council of Science Editors:
DeHart WB. Identifying the Underlying Components of Delay Discounting Using Latent Factor Modeling. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Utah State University; 2017. Available from: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6339
University of Windsor
30.
Knezevic, Bojana.
Modeling the Multidimensional Nature of Impulsivity and its Relation to Functional Outcomes.
Degree: PhD, Psychology, 2013, University of Windsor
URL: https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd/4948
► The present studies examined the role that impulsivity plays in personality development and emotion dysregulation both concurrently and longitudinally. The three studies utilized two…
(more)
▼ The present studies examined the role that impulsivity plays in personality development and emotion dysregulation both concurrently and longitudinally. The three studies utilized two extant (secondary) datasets as well as new data collection with a Canadian undergraduate sample. First, data from the Block and Block dataset were used to assess the relations between impulsivity and personality development across the life span. Next, the lifelong relation between impulsivity and emotion dysregulation was examined using the Simmons Longitudinal Study dataset. Finally, 175 undergraduate students were administered multiple measures associated with impulsivity. The aim was to use measures across theoretical orientations to explore the multifactorial nature of impulsivity. Results revealed the existence of two distinct, yet related factors of impulsivity. Cognitive and Behavioural facets of impulsivity were differentially related to psychopathology and engagement in risky behaviour. The integrated results of these three studies identified a link between childhood impulsivity and subsequent personality development and emotion dysregulation. Clinical and research implications are discussed.
Advisors/Committee Members: Miller, Carlin J..
Subjects/Keywords: Psychology; Delay discounting; Emotion dysregulation; Impulsivity; Personality; Rewardseeking; Structural equation modeling
Record Details
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Record Details
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Knezevic, B. (2013). Modeling the Multidimensional Nature of Impulsivity and its Relation to Functional Outcomes. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Windsor. Retrieved from https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd/4948
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Knezevic, Bojana. “Modeling the Multidimensional Nature of Impulsivity and its Relation to Functional Outcomes.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Windsor. Accessed December 11, 2019.
https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd/4948.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Knezevic, Bojana. “Modeling the Multidimensional Nature of Impulsivity and its Relation to Functional Outcomes.” 2013. Web. 11 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Knezevic B. Modeling the Multidimensional Nature of Impulsivity and its Relation to Functional Outcomes. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Windsor; 2013. [cited 2019 Dec 11].
Available from: https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd/4948.
Council of Science Editors:
Knezevic B. Modeling the Multidimensional Nature of Impulsivity and its Relation to Functional Outcomes. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Windsor; 2013. Available from: https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd/4948
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Open Access Theses and Dissertations