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Cornell University
1.
Plume, Olofron.
Hybridization, Genome Duplication, And Chemical Diversification In The Evolution Of Calendula L. (Compositae).
Degree: PhD, Plant Biology, 2015, Cornell University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/39395 
► Hybridization and polyploidy are common in plants. Both processes can have extensive genomic consequences, and resulting morphological, biochemical, and reproductive changes may drive speciation. The…
(more)
▼ Hybridization and polyploidy are common in plants. Both processes can have extensive genomic consequences, and resulting morphological, biochemical, and reproductive changes may drive speciation. The effects of hybridization and polyploidy on speciation and biochemical diversity were explored in Calendula, a small, circum-Mediterranean genus in Compositae. Calendula officinalis (pot marigold), the best known species, has been cultivated for centuries for ornamental and medicinal use. Calendula is remarkable for the wide range of chromosome numbers (2n=14, 18, 30, 32, 44, and ~85), likely resulting from hybridization between species with different chromosome numbers followed by genome duplication. Hypotheses of species origins were tested using evidence from three non-coding chloroplast regions (atpIatpH, petLpsbE, and ndhFrpl32), nuclear ribosomal DNA (ITS), and two putatively low-copy nuclear markers (Chs and A39). Analyses of these markers provided support for a division of the genus into annual and perennial polyploid complexes, multiple origins of most polyploid taxa, and a single origin of C. officinalis. A39 was duplicated once in Calendula. Nine or more duplications of Chs were inferred from analyses of Calendula sequences with others from Compositae. Variation of four classes of phenolic (caffeic acid derivatives and flavonoid glycosides) and isoprenoid (monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes) compounds was investigated within the context of the annual and perennial polyploid complexes. Arising from different biosynthetic pathways, and highly diverse in plants, phenolics and isoprenoids offered different perspectives on the effects of speciation, hybridization, and polyploidy on
chemical diversification. All four classes varied quantitatively and/or qualitatively across Calendula species. For three of four compound classes, proportions of compounds within each class were relatively steady within taxa or within tissue types but varied across taxa or tissue types, suggesting that particular blends of compounds may have evolutionary and ecological significance in Calendula. Neither the number of compounds detected nor bulk concentration of any compound class increased consistently with ploidy, but both were higher in floral tissue than in leaf tissue. Phenolic profiles were more consistent with hypotheses of evolutionary relationships than were isoprenoid profiles. Compound profiles in the annual polyploids showed additive compound complements or intermediate proportions of dominant compounds relative to putative progenitors.
Advisors/Committee Members: Doyle, Jeffrey J (chair), Luckow, Melissa A (committee member), Kessler, Andre (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Calendula; allopolyploid relationships; chemical evolution
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APA (6th Edition):
Plume, O. (2015). Hybridization, Genome Duplication, And Chemical Diversification In The Evolution Of Calendula L. (Compositae). (Doctoral Dissertation). Cornell University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1813/39395
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Plume, Olofron. “Hybridization, Genome Duplication, And Chemical Diversification In The Evolution Of Calendula L. (Compositae).” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, Cornell University. Accessed January 17, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1813/39395.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Plume, Olofron. “Hybridization, Genome Duplication, And Chemical Diversification In The Evolution Of Calendula L. (Compositae).” 2015. Web. 17 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Plume O. Hybridization, Genome Duplication, And Chemical Diversification In The Evolution Of Calendula L. (Compositae). [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Cornell University; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 17].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/39395.
Council of Science Editors:
Plume O. Hybridization, Genome Duplication, And Chemical Diversification In The Evolution Of Calendula L. (Compositae). [Doctoral Dissertation]. Cornell University; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/39395
Colorado State University
2.
Alba, Christina.
Evolutionary and chemical ecology of Verbascum thapsus reveal potential mechanisms of invasion.
Degree: PhD, Ecology, 2011, Colorado State University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/48216
► Biological invasions, which occur when introduced species achieve pest status due to dramatic increases in performance, cause substantial environmental and economic damage. Invasion dynamics are…
(more)
▼ Biological invasions, which occur when introduced species achieve pest status due to dramatic increases in performance, cause substantial environmental and economic damage. Invasion dynamics are extremely complex, varying in space and time, and as a function of the associations that form between introduced species and the biota present in the communities they invade. For plants, herbivores play a central role in shaping the outcome of introduction events. In particular, when plants are introduced to novel ranges, they often leave behind coevolved specialist herbivores (typically insects) that act to suppress populations in the native range. This can lead to increases in plant performance, for example when introduced plants evolving in communities devoid of enemies reallocate resources from defenses to growth and reproduction. Because of the important biological associations that exist between plants and insect herbivores, as well as the dramatic shifts in these associations that characterize biological invasions, this research places a particular emphasis on the evolutionary and
chemical ecology of plant-insect interactions. More broadly, this research quantifies several aspects of the invasion dynamics of the introduced weed Verbascum Thapsus L. (Scrophulariaceae, common mullein). I first present data from a biogeographic comparison in which a survey of more than 50 native (European) and introduced (United States) mullein populations confirms a marked increase in population- and plant-level performance in the introduced range. I also document several ecological differences between ranges, including shifts in the abundance, identity, and degree of damage caused by insect herbivores, as well as differences in the abundance and identity of plant competitors and precipitation availability. A greenhouse experiment revealed that the increased performance observed in the field is maintained when native and introduced plants are grown from seed in a common environment; thus, a component of the performance phenotype is genetically based, or evolved. However, this increase in performance is not associated with an evolved decrease in defense investment as predicted by the
evolution of increased competitive ability (EICA) hypothesis. Indeed, despite significant population-level variation in several defenses (trichomes, leaf toughness and iridoid glycosides), there is no evidence for the
evolution of range-level differences in defense investment. I further explored how mullein's investment in
chemical defense varies in natural populations and in relationship to damage by chewing herbivores. Based on this exploration, I developed new predictions for how changes to defense allocation may result in increased performance. Natural mullein populations exposed to ambient levels of herbivory in the introduced range exhibit significant population- and plant-level variation in iridoid glycosides. In particular, young (highly valuable) leaves are more than 6 better defended than old leaves, and likely because of this incur…
Advisors/Committee Members: Hufbauer, Ruth A. (advisor), Detling, James K. (committee member), Bowers, M. Deane (committee member), Knapp, Alan K. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: chemical defense; evolution; invasion; plant-insect interactions
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APA (6th Edition):
Alba, C. (2011). Evolutionary and chemical ecology of Verbascum thapsus reveal potential mechanisms of invasion. (Doctoral Dissertation). Colorado State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10217/48216
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Alba, Christina. “Evolutionary and chemical ecology of Verbascum thapsus reveal potential mechanisms of invasion.” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, Colorado State University. Accessed January 17, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10217/48216.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Alba, Christina. “Evolutionary and chemical ecology of Verbascum thapsus reveal potential mechanisms of invasion.” 2011. Web. 17 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Alba C. Evolutionary and chemical ecology of Verbascum thapsus reveal potential mechanisms of invasion. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Colorado State University; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 17].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/48216.
Council of Science Editors:
Alba C. Evolutionary and chemical ecology of Verbascum thapsus reveal potential mechanisms of invasion. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Colorado State University; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/48216
3.
Haynes, Christopher.
Understanding r-process nucleosynthesis in the Milky Way.
Degree: PhD, 2020, University of Hertfordshire
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2299/22636
► Elements heavier than Fe are formed by neutron capture processes when fusion becomes energetically unfavourable; the slow s-process and site are reasonably well understood, but…
(more)
▼ Elements heavier than Fe are formed by neutron capture processes when fusion becomes energetically unfavourable; the slow s-process and site are reasonably well understood, but the rapid r-process site is still a highly debated topic. In this thesis I will discuss the current best understanding of both the s-process and r-process, including potential sites. I also discuss the modelling of galaxies using smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations with the inclusion of nucleosynthesis models to simulate the chemical evolution of galaxies. I then present the results of such chemodynamical simulations including nucleosynthesis yields for neutron star mergers, magneto-rotational supernovae, electron capture supernovae and neutrino driven winds. Using the [Eu/(Fe, α)] - [Fe/H] relation I show the neutron star mergers are unlikely to be able to drive r-process enrichment in the early universe but that magneto-rotational supernovae, or a combination of sources including them, may be able to. I then include a metallicity dependence in the magneto-rotational supernova model, and show that a combined model with neutron star mergers and electron-capture supernovae gives an excellent match to observations of [(Eu, Nd, Dy, Er, Zr)/(Fe, α)]. Finally I discuss the effects of supernova feedback on chemical evolution. I compare four models: a thermal model, a thermal model with a kinetic component, a stochastic model and a mechanical model and show that the kinetic, stochastic and mechanical models can suppress the star formation within isolated dwarf disc galaxies when using optimal parameters and that this has little effect on the fraction of metals ejected from the galaxy.
Subjects/Keywords: r-process; Stellar Nucleosynthesis; Galactic Chemical Evolution
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APA (6th Edition):
Haynes, C. (2020). Understanding r-process nucleosynthesis in the Milky Way. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Hertfordshire. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2299/22636
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Haynes, Christopher. “Understanding r-process nucleosynthesis in the Milky Way.” 2020. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Hertfordshire. Accessed January 17, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2299/22636.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Haynes, Christopher. “Understanding r-process nucleosynthesis in the Milky Way.” 2020. Web. 17 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Haynes C. Understanding r-process nucleosynthesis in the Milky Way. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Hertfordshire; 2020. [cited 2021 Jan 17].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2299/22636.
Council of Science Editors:
Haynes C. Understanding r-process nucleosynthesis in the Milky Way. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Hertfordshire; 2020. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2299/22636
4.
Haynes, Christopher.
Understanding r-process nucleosynthesis in the Milky Way.
Degree: PhD, 2020, University of Hertfordshire
URL: https://doi.org/10.18745/th.22636
;
https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.806365
► Elements heavier than Fe are formed by neutron capture processes when fusion becomes energetically unfavourable; the slow s-process and site are reasonably well understood, but…
(more)
▼ Elements heavier than Fe are formed by neutron capture processes when fusion becomes energetically unfavourable; the slow s-process and site are reasonably well understood, but the rapid r-process site is still a highly debated topic. In this thesis I will discuss the current best understanding of both the s-process and r-process, including potential sites. I also discuss the modelling of galaxies using smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations with the inclusion of nucleosynthesis models to simulate the chemical evolution of galaxies. I then present the results of such chemodynamical simulations including nucleosynthesis yields for neutron star mergers, magneto-rotational supernovae, electron capture supernovae and neutrino driven winds. Using the [Eu/(Fe, α)] - [Fe/H] relation I show the neutron star mergers are unlikely to be able to drive r-process enrichment in the early universe but that magneto-rotational supernovae, or a combination of sources including them, may be able to. I then include a metallicity dependence in the magneto-rotational supernova model, and show that a combined model with neutron star mergers and electron-capture supernovae gives an excellent match to observations of [(Eu, Nd, Dy, Er, Zr)/(Fe, α)]. Finally I discuss the effects of supernova feedback on chemical evolution. I compare four models: a thermal model, a thermal model with a kinetic component, a stochastic model and a mechanical model and show that the kinetic, stochastic and mechanical models can suppress the star formation within isolated dwarf disc galaxies when using optimal parameters and that this has little effect on the fraction of metals ejected from the galaxy.
Subjects/Keywords: r-process; Stellar Nucleosynthesis; Galactic Chemical Evolution
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APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Haynes, C. (2020). Understanding r-process nucleosynthesis in the Milky Way. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Hertfordshire. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.18745/th.22636 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.806365
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Haynes, Christopher. “Understanding r-process nucleosynthesis in the Milky Way.” 2020. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Hertfordshire. Accessed January 17, 2021.
https://doi.org/10.18745/th.22636 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.806365.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Haynes, Christopher. “Understanding r-process nucleosynthesis in the Milky Way.” 2020. Web. 17 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Haynes C. Understanding r-process nucleosynthesis in the Milky Way. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Hertfordshire; 2020. [cited 2021 Jan 17].
Available from: https://doi.org/10.18745/th.22636 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.806365.
Council of Science Editors:
Haynes C. Understanding r-process nucleosynthesis in the Milky Way. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Hertfordshire; 2020. Available from: https://doi.org/10.18745/th.22636 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.806365
5.
Schaeuble, Marc-Andre.
A detailed study of giants and horizontal branch stars in M68 : atmospheric parameters and chemical abundances.
Degree: MA, Astronomy, 2015, University of Texas – Austin
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/38655
► In this thesis, I present a detailed high-resolution spectroscopic study of post main sequence stars in the Globular Cluster M68. My sample, which covers a…
(more)
▼ In this thesis, I present a detailed high-resolution spectroscopic study of post main sequence stars in the Globular Cluster M68. My sample, which covers a range of 4000 K in Teff, and 3.5 dex in log(g), is comprised of members from the red giant, red horizontal, and blue horizontal branch, making this the first high-resolution globular cluster study covering such a large evolutionary and parameter space. Initially, atmospheric parameters were determined using photometric as well as spectroscopic methods, both of which resulted in unphysical and unexpected Teff, log(g), vt, and [Fe/H] combinations. I therefore developed a hybrid approach that addresses most of these problems, and yields atmospheric parameters that agree well with other measurements in the literature. Furthermore, my derived stellar metallicities are consistent across all evolutionary stages, with <[Fe/H]> = 2.42 ( sigma = 0.14) from 25 stars.
Chemical abundances obtained using my methodology also agree with previous studies and bear all the hallmarks of globular clusters, such as a Na-O anti-correlation, constant Ca abundances, and mild r-process enrichment.
Advisors/Committee Members: Sneden, Christopher (advisor), Robinson, Edward (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Stellar evolution; Chemical evolution
…will allow me to gain insight
about the chemical evolution of M68.
3
2.
OBSERVATIONS AND… …Bellazzini et al. 2012), but has thus far been subjected
to very few detailed chemical… …main sequence evolution has been
advanced as an explanation for the EHB (D’Cruz et al… …chemical compositions of stars (eg., Khalack et al. 2010, Behr
2003 and references therein…
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Schaeuble, M. (2015). A detailed study of giants and horizontal branch stars in M68 : atmospheric parameters and chemical abundances. (Masters Thesis). University of Texas – Austin. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2152/38655
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Schaeuble, Marc-Andre. “A detailed study of giants and horizontal branch stars in M68 : atmospheric parameters and chemical abundances.” 2015. Masters Thesis, University of Texas – Austin. Accessed January 17, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2152/38655.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Schaeuble, Marc-Andre. “A detailed study of giants and horizontal branch stars in M68 : atmospheric parameters and chemical abundances.” 2015. Web. 17 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Schaeuble M. A detailed study of giants and horizontal branch stars in M68 : atmospheric parameters and chemical abundances. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Texas – Austin; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 17].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/38655.
Council of Science Editors:
Schaeuble M. A detailed study of giants and horizontal branch stars in M68 : atmospheric parameters and chemical abundances. [Masters Thesis]. University of Texas – Austin; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/38655
NSYSU
6.
Wei, Chia-Hsuan.
Evolution of co-mimicry assemblage: A case study based on the Euploea mulciber mimicry complex.
Degree: PhD, Biological Sciences, 2017, NSYSU
URL: http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0704117-181709
► Evolution of phenotypic novelty is one of the core questions in mimicry biology. Diversity of mimicry complex results from complex ecological interactions between and/or within…
(more)
▼ Evolution of phenotypic novelty is one of the core questions in mimicry biology. Diversity of mimicry complex results from complex ecological interactions between and/or within species, such as predator/prey arm race or mating preference. Theoretically, a model species leading a mimicry complex has conspicuous warning coloration alone with unprofitable secondary defense to âeducateâ predator to produce aversive experience to avoid attack the prey displaying similar visual signal, hence it should evolve earlier than profitable or moderately unprofitable mimics evolutionarily. Thus, variety of mimetic pattern is also considered as a significant factor to promote speciation. This idea has been believed until recent molecular phylogenetic studies argued that evolutionary history of mimetic pattern could be incongruent with speciation. Moreover, mimetic phenotype of mimic can possibly reverse back to ancestral state or become imperfect evolutionarily when distributes allopatrically with its model. Therefore, if speciation would be not always altered with mimetic phenotype, or vise versa, the hypothesis of âmodel always evolves ealier than mimicsâ may be not tenable extensively. In the present study, I studied a mimicry complex dominated by Euploea mulciber which is distributed from northeast India, Indochina, to Sunda islands. So far, at least 10 species from 3 lepidopteran families are known involved in the mimicry complex, and show extraordinary sexually dimorphic or polymorphic wing pattern by various biogeographic regions. To test the hypothsis, the present study focused on the temporal correlation in appearance of mimetic characters between the model genus, Euploea (Danainae), and three mimic genera, Elymnias (Satyrinae), Papilio (Chilasa) (Papilioninae), and Cyclosia (Chalcosiinae). In Chapter 1, investigation of the phenotypic diversity and distribution of the mimicry complex suggests several surprisingly results. Not only the mimics but the model exhibit considerable variety of wing pattern. Interestingly, the co-mimics exhibiting the âclassic Eu. mulciberâ phenotype is constrained from India subcontinent to Sundaland. Transitions of mimetic pattern in the Philippines and lesser Sundaland are observed, and the boudanry between the classic and transited patterns is essentially in accordance with the Wallaceâs line. In Chapter 2, reconstruction of the molecular phylogeny of Cyclosia and inference of
evolution of sexual dimorphism and mimetic wing pattern reveals the underestimated species diversity, and repeatedly evolved sexual dimorphic and mimetic wing pattern. In Chapter 3, reconstruction of the molecular phylogeny of Papilio (Chilasa) and inference of
evolution of mimicry reveal existence of cryptic species. Divergence between continental and insular population occurs repeatedly in most species. The evolutionary trend of the co-mimicking taxa is from perfection to imperfection. The ecological factors what would influence the trend (e.g. predation pressure, body size,
chemical defense or forest structure) are…
Advisors/Committee Members: Shen-Horn Yen (committee member), Chung-Ping Lin (chair), Yu-Feng Hsu (chair), Si-Min Lin (chair), Man-Miao Yang (chair).
Subjects/Keywords: molecular dating; Batesian mimicry; Müllerian mimicry; chemical defense; character evolution; correlated evolution
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Wei, C. (2017). Evolution of co-mimicry assemblage: A case study based on the Euploea mulciber mimicry complex. (Doctoral Dissertation). NSYSU. Retrieved from http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0704117-181709
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Wei, Chia-Hsuan. “Evolution of co-mimicry assemblage: A case study based on the Euploea mulciber mimicry complex.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, NSYSU. Accessed January 17, 2021.
http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0704117-181709.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Wei, Chia-Hsuan. “Evolution of co-mimicry assemblage: A case study based on the Euploea mulciber mimicry complex.” 2017. Web. 17 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Wei C. Evolution of co-mimicry assemblage: A case study based on the Euploea mulciber mimicry complex. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. NSYSU; 2017. [cited 2021 Jan 17].
Available from: http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0704117-181709.
Council of Science Editors:
Wei C. Evolution of co-mimicry assemblage: A case study based on the Euploea mulciber mimicry complex. [Doctoral Dissertation]. NSYSU; 2017. Available from: http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0704117-181709
University of Washington
7.
Clifford, Marie R.
Scents and Sense Ability: The evolution and role of chemical cues in the pollination and herbivory of Passiflora.
Degree: PhD, 2017, University of Washington
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1773/39959
► Pollination and herbivory play a critical role in both wild ecosystems and agricultural ones, factoring in to their maintenance, evolution, and ecology. Insects, for whom…
(more)
▼ Pollination and herbivory play a critical role in both wild ecosystems and agricultural ones, factoring in to their maintenance,
evolution, and ecology. Insects, for whom
chemical cues are often more important than those of other modalities, are primary drivers of both of these processes. We investigated the role and
evolution of scent in the pollination and herbivory of Passiflora, a large genus of flowering plants for which relationships with pollinators and herbivores are comparatively well-documented. To understand these processes from the perspective of both plant and animal, we used integrative methods including phylogenetics, sensory electrophysiology, analytical chemistry, and machine learning to investigate. On the pollination side, we find convergent
evolution in floral morphology and floral scent, that these traits evolved in tandem to attract a given type of pollinator across Passiflora, and that these traits have the power to predict pollinator type. We further show that such floral scent changes may be biologically relevant to available pollinators using electrophysiological methods. Though future work is required to confirm the generality of this finding in additional plant and pollinator clades, this is a critical step to better understanding the role that
chemical cues play in pollinator attraction, and the evolutionary synergy they may have with morphological traits in flowering plants. In contrast, on the herbivory side, we find no relationship between herbivore and leaf scent. The
chemical make-up of leaf scent is not explained by herbivore identity in Passiflora species. Furthermore, we do not find distinct sensory responses to leaf scents from host plants versus non-host plants in herbivorous insects. However, in exploratory work we do find some other factors that may explain patterns in herbivory, such as geographic distribution, which may warrant additional investigation in this system.
Advisors/Committee Members: Riffell, Jeffrey A (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: chemical ecology; convergent evolution; herbivory; pollination; pollination syndrome; Biology; Evolution & development; Biology
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APA (6th Edition):
Clifford, M. R. (2017). Scents and Sense Ability: The evolution and role of chemical cues in the pollination and herbivory of Passiflora. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Washington. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1773/39959
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Clifford, Marie R. “Scents and Sense Ability: The evolution and role of chemical cues in the pollination and herbivory of Passiflora.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Washington. Accessed January 17, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1773/39959.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Clifford, Marie R. “Scents and Sense Ability: The evolution and role of chemical cues in the pollination and herbivory of Passiflora.” 2017. Web. 17 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Clifford MR. Scents and Sense Ability: The evolution and role of chemical cues in the pollination and herbivory of Passiflora. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Washington; 2017. [cited 2021 Jan 17].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1773/39959.
Council of Science Editors:
Clifford MR. Scents and Sense Ability: The evolution and role of chemical cues in the pollination and herbivory of Passiflora. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Washington; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1773/39959
Macquarie University
8.
Mitschang, Arik W.
Quantitative chemical tagging: empirical constraints on the identification of dispersed coeval stellar groups.
Degree: 2014, Macquarie University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/1276423
► Thesis by publication.
At foot of title: Astronomy, Astrophysics and strophonics Research Centre.
Bibliography: pages 96-101.
1. Introduction – 2. Chemical tagging – 3. Stellar…
(more)
▼ Thesis by publication.
At foot of title: Astronomy, Astrophysics and strophonics Research Centre.
Bibliography: pages 96-101.
1. Introduction – 2. Chemical tagging – 3. Stellar spectroscopy and abundance analysis – 4. Empirical chemical tagging – 5. The first blind chemical tagging experiment – 6. Summary and conclusions.
Though it has been established that open clusters have tight abundance scatter, the empirical evidence for the viability of chemical tagging has for the most part gone unstudied. With a large survey dedicated to tagging - GALAH - just on the horizon, we perform several empirical investigations of this technique. An empirical coeval probability function, which quantifies the likelihood that a pair of stars originated from the same star formation event, is developed and characterised. We then perform a real world test by conducting the first ever blind chemical tagging experiment, with several important implications.
The long term evolution and the origin of the Galactic stellar disc are the subjects of intense study. Much is surmised about the evolution of galaxies in general by studying those at cosmic scales, yet there are still significant issues in explaining phenomena in our own Galaxy. It is only a single case, but of universal importance due to our ability to resolve individual stars and stellar populations. Amongst the important open questions are the origin (or indeed the reality) of the thin and thick stellar discs, the role of intra-disc stellar migrations, the merger history, in-situ star formation history and the chemical evolution of the disc. Kinematic information, though crucial to understanding the Galactic environment, is short lived in the disc and thus astronomers are turning to stellar chemical abundances, which remain unchanged for most of a star's lifetime, to reveal history. In particular, the technique of chemical tagging may be able to use this "fossil" information to link groups of stars in the disc which have formed concurrently from the same molecular cloud, but have since dispersed. Though it has been established that open clusters have tight abundance scatter, the empirical evidence for the viability of chemical tagging has for the most part gone unstudied. With a large survey dedicated to tagging - GALAH - just on the horizon, we perform several empirical investigations of this technique. An empirical coeval probability function, which quantifies the likelihood that a pair of stars originated from the same star formation event, is developed and characterised. We then perform a real world test by conducting the first ever blind chemical tagging experiment, with several important implications.
1 online resource (vi, 101 pages) illustrations (some colour)
Advisors/Committee Members: Macquarie University. Department of Physics and Astronomy.
Subjects/Keywords: Galaxies – Evolution; Galaxies – Formation; Milky Way; galactic archaeology; galaxy evolution; Milky Way; chemical tagging
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APA (6th Edition):
Mitschang, A. W. (2014). Quantitative chemical tagging: empirical constraints on the identification of dispersed coeval stellar groups. (Doctoral Dissertation). Macquarie University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/1276423
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Mitschang, Arik W. “Quantitative chemical tagging: empirical constraints on the identification of dispersed coeval stellar groups.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, Macquarie University. Accessed January 17, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/1276423.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Mitschang, Arik W. “Quantitative chemical tagging: empirical constraints on the identification of dispersed coeval stellar groups.” 2014. Web. 17 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Mitschang AW. Quantitative chemical tagging: empirical constraints on the identification of dispersed coeval stellar groups. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Macquarie University; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 17].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/1276423.
Council of Science Editors:
Mitschang AW. Quantitative chemical tagging: empirical constraints on the identification of dispersed coeval stellar groups. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Macquarie University; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/1276423
9.
Jin, Tao.
Discovery of design strategies for enabling pyrolytic sugars tolerance and utilization by Escherichia coli.
Degree: 2016, Iowa State University
URL: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/15019
► Biorenewable biomass has been extensively utilized as an appealing source of carbon and energy for the production of biochemicals and biofuels via biological fermentation to…
(more)
▼ Biorenewable biomass has been extensively utilized as an appealing source of carbon and energy for the production of biochemicals and biofuels via biological fermentation to meet the increasing demand of petroleum-based products. A variety of biomass resources have been used such as dedicated crops and wastes including agriculture residue and forestry. Lignocellulosic biomass is consisting of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin, which is either composed of polysaccharides or phenolic compounds that cannot be metabolized by microorganisms directly. Thus, deconstruction of biomass into fermentable sugar monomers is of great importance. There are a variety of physical or chemical pretreatment methods that have been developed, including the use of acids, alkali, steam, oxidants and high pressure. Fast pyrolysis, which is a type of thermochemical processing, is used in this study. It is an attractive approach to produce pyrolytic sugar syrup due to the advantages such as the flexibility of the feedstocks and the rapidness of reactions. However, the common issue of this bioconversion platform is that a variety of co-products are formed from the pretreatment process, such as phenolic compounds, aldehydes, which have been proved inhibitory to biocatalysts. Therefore, to improve the tolerance and utilization of biocatalysts to the biomass-derived sugars is necessary for increasing the production of target compounds.
To overcome this challenge, several strategies have been performed to enable biocatalysts to survive the deterious living environment. The first approach is to reduce the toxicity of the biomass-derived sugars by removing the inhibitors. For example, detoxification of the sugars by the chemical treatments with alkali, oxidants or physical treatments with organic solvents have been developed. In this study, sodium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide were used to form precipitants in order to remove some inhibitors in the pyrolytic sugars. The detoxified sugars have been proved to be more fermentable by performing the fermentations and evaluating E. coli cell membrane integrity and fluidity. Encapsulation of microorganisms, which is aimed to protecting the cells from the inhibitors in the pyrolytic sugars by selectively enabling the nutrients to permeate the porous polymers entrapping the cells, is an alternative method to “remove” the toxic compounds. In this study, calcium alginate, which is in the form of beads, is employed to enclose the cells from the pyrolytic sugars. The ethanol production results demonstrate that the encapsulation of cells helps to improve the tolerance of E. coli KO11 to pyrolytic sugars at a concentration as high as of 1.8% (w/v).
In additional to “removal” of inhibitors, the other approach is to improve the performance of biocatalysts in the pyrolytic sugars. Since some inhibition mechanisms have already been well characterized, rational engineering of biocatalysts such as omics analysis, membrane modification can be employed to improve or produce the desired phenotypes. However, the…
Subjects/Keywords: Chemical Engineering; csrA; Directed evolution; Improving tolerance; Membrane characterization; Pyrolytic sugars; Reverse Engineering; Chemical Engineering
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APA (6th Edition):
Jin, T. (2016). Discovery of design strategies for enabling pyrolytic sugars tolerance and utilization by Escherichia coli. (Thesis). Iowa State University. Retrieved from https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/15019
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Jin, Tao. “Discovery of design strategies for enabling pyrolytic sugars tolerance and utilization by Escherichia coli.” 2016. Thesis, Iowa State University. Accessed January 17, 2021.
https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/15019.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Jin, Tao. “Discovery of design strategies for enabling pyrolytic sugars tolerance and utilization by Escherichia coli.” 2016. Web. 17 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Jin T. Discovery of design strategies for enabling pyrolytic sugars tolerance and utilization by Escherichia coli. [Internet] [Thesis]. Iowa State University; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 17].
Available from: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/15019.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Jin T. Discovery of design strategies for enabling pyrolytic sugars tolerance and utilization by Escherichia coli. [Thesis]. Iowa State University; 2016. Available from: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/15019
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of Victoria
10.
Berg, Trystyn Andrew Munro.
Metal Strong Damped Lyman Alpha Systems And Their Context With The Local Group.
Degree: Department of Physics and Astronomy, 2014, University of Victoria
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1828/5308
► Damped Lyman α systems (DLAs) are useful probes of the chemical enrichment of the universe as they provide accurate abundance measurements of many chemical species.…
(more)
▼ Damped Lyman α systems (DLAs) are useful probes of the
chemical enrichment of the universe as they provide accurate abundance measurements of many
chemical species. Using a sample of 30 DLAs (with large metal column densities) observed with the High Resolution Echelle Spectrometer on the Keck I telescope, the abundances of several elements (i.e. iron, zinc, chromium, silicon, sulphur, phosphorus, manganese, and boron) are derived and presented. A comparison is drawn between the abundances from these metal-rich DLAs with literature samples encompassing the largest compilation of high resolution observations of other DLAs, and stars from the Milky Way and its satellite galaxies to understand the astrophysical nature of DLAs.
Furthermore, the first ever extragalactic study of boron is presented. Using the sample of 30 metal-rich DLAs, two 3σ detections and one near detection 2.97σ) were found. From the comparison of [B/O] and, for the first time, [B/S], with studies in the Milky Way, there appears to be an excess of boron relative to its parent nucleus (oxygen) in these three DLA systems, suggesting that there may be a higher cosmic ray flux in DLAs than in the Milky Way.
Advisors/Committee Members: Ellison, Sara L. (supervisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Chemical Evolution; Quasar Absorption Line Systems; Chemical Abundances; High Redshift Galaxies; Stellar Abundances
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APA (6th Edition):
Berg, T. A. M. (2014). Metal Strong Damped Lyman Alpha Systems And Their Context With The Local Group. (Masters Thesis). University of Victoria. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1828/5308
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Berg, Trystyn Andrew Munro. “Metal Strong Damped Lyman Alpha Systems And Their Context With The Local Group.” 2014. Masters Thesis, University of Victoria. Accessed January 17, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1828/5308.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Berg, Trystyn Andrew Munro. “Metal Strong Damped Lyman Alpha Systems And Their Context With The Local Group.” 2014. Web. 17 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Berg TAM. Metal Strong Damped Lyman Alpha Systems And Their Context With The Local Group. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Victoria; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 17].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1828/5308.
Council of Science Editors:
Berg TAM. Metal Strong Damped Lyman Alpha Systems And Their Context With The Local Group. [Masters Thesis]. University of Victoria; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1828/5308
University of California – Berkeley
11.
Shah, Priya Shirish.
The Development of Resistance of Human Immunodeficiency Virus to RNA Interference Therapies: Understanding Mechanism and Developing Strategies to Overcome.
Degree: Chemical Engineering, 2011, University of California – Berkeley
URL: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/77v2w4c8
► Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) possesses a prolific ability to mutate and adapt to an ever-changing environment. This intrinsic capacity for mutation not only allows HIV…
(more)
▼ Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) possesses a prolific ability to mutate and adapt to an ever-changing environment. This intrinsic capacity for mutation not only allows HIV to evade the immune response, but also allows the virus to develop resistance to antiretroviral therapies. As an approach that targets RNA sequence rather than protein structure, RNA interference (RNAi) offers the potential for faster drug development and fewer side effects for treating HIV infection. However, the very sequence-specificity that gives RNAi-based therapies these advantages also makes the therapy susceptible to HIV escape, and the development of resistance to RNAi has been extensively documented. The work presented in this dissertation systematically analyzes how therapy delivery limitations, properties of RNAi targets, combinatorial approaches and existing HIV diversity can affect therapy efficacy and the development of resistance to RNAi. We have demonstrated that HIV can escape RNAi by indirect mechanisms of resistance to RNAi. When HIV was exposed to a RNAi therapy targeting the highly conserved trans-activation response (TAR) hairpin of the long terminal repeat (LTR), we failed to isolate any viral clones with mutations in the target site. Instead, we identified many mutations in the U3 region of the LTR that served to tune viral gene expression and overwhelm the RNAi pathway.One method to combat resistance is to use combinations of siRNAs in a manner similar to the existing highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Combinations inhibit the virus at multiple loci, making it highly unlikely that a variant resistant to all components of the combination will emerge. While combinatorial RNAi therapy may delay the onset of resistance, our results indicate that the distribution or compartmentalization of the combination within cellular subpopulations may not be a critical factor in determining therapy efficacy. While we isolated several viral clones with mutations with the RNAi targeted regions, extensive sequence analysis indicated that these mutations were not fixed. We again identified mutations in the U3 region of the LTR, many of which were fixed and unique to virus that was exposed to a RNAi selective pressure. When compared to HIV that was propagated in the absence of a RNAi selective pressure, a significantly higher number of mutations in the U3 region correlated with the degree of sequence conservation of the RNAi target site. Taken together, these data suggest that high degrees of sequence conservation at the RNAi target site could divert selective pressure to the U3 region of the LTR. Finally, we have explored how existing global sequence diversity of HIV can affect a sequence-specific therapy such as RNAi. We identified two regions of the HIV genome that could potentially serve as targets for a global RNAi therapy and we developed a cell culture system that could serve as the foundation of any long-term studies of the evolution of different HIV subtypes in response to a RNAi therapy. In summary, RNAi is a promising…
Subjects/Keywords: Chemical engineering; Biomedical engineering; Virology; evolution; HIV; RNA interference
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APA (6th Edition):
Shah, P. S. (2011). The Development of Resistance of Human Immunodeficiency Virus to RNA Interference Therapies: Understanding Mechanism and Developing Strategies to Overcome. (Thesis). University of California – Berkeley. Retrieved from http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/77v2w4c8
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Shah, Priya Shirish. “The Development of Resistance of Human Immunodeficiency Virus to RNA Interference Therapies: Understanding Mechanism and Developing Strategies to Overcome.” 2011. Thesis, University of California – Berkeley. Accessed January 17, 2021.
http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/77v2w4c8.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Shah, Priya Shirish. “The Development of Resistance of Human Immunodeficiency Virus to RNA Interference Therapies: Understanding Mechanism and Developing Strategies to Overcome.” 2011. Web. 17 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Shah PS. The Development of Resistance of Human Immunodeficiency Virus to RNA Interference Therapies: Understanding Mechanism and Developing Strategies to Overcome. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of California – Berkeley; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 17].
Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/77v2w4c8.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Shah PS. The Development of Resistance of Human Immunodeficiency Virus to RNA Interference Therapies: Understanding Mechanism and Developing Strategies to Overcome. [Thesis]. University of California – Berkeley; 2011. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/77v2w4c8
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of California – Berkeley
12.
Wolski, Paul William.
Engineering and Identification of Ionic Liquid-Tolerant Cellulases for Biofuels Production.
Degree: Comparative Biochemistry, 2013, University of California – Berkeley
URL: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/4m17q46c
► AbstractEngineering and Identification of Ionic Liquid-Tolerant Cellulases for Biofuels ProductionbyPaul William WolskiDoctor of Philosophy in Comparative BiochemistryUniversity of California, BerkeleyProfessor Douglas S. Clark, Chair Cellulose…
(more)
▼ AbstractEngineering and Identification of Ionic Liquid-Tolerant Cellulases for Biofuels ProductionbyPaul William WolskiDoctor of Philosophy in Comparative BiochemistryUniversity of California, BerkeleyProfessor Douglas S. Clark, Chair Cellulose for biofuels production presents both a great opportunity, in that cellulose is the world's most abundant source of organic material, but also a great challenge in that cellulosic material is highly crystalline and very recalcitrant to degradation. Cellulose is composed of glucose, and this glucose can serve as fermentation feedstock to biofuels in processes that are very well developed. This glucose could also be converted to hydrocarbons similar to diesel for easier commercial adoption.Before cellulase enzymes can degrade the cellulosic biomass, the biomass generally must be preteated to make the cellulose more accessible to the enzymes (i.e. less crystalline). Typically this involves acid or base treatment that only moderately affects the cellulose. Ionic liquids (ILs), which are organic salts that are liquid at or near room temperature, have the ability to dissolve cellulose by disrupting the hydrogen-bonding network that makes cellulose so strong. Ideally the cellulase enzymes would be active against dissolved cellulose.The theme of this research has been to combine the pretreatment step with the enzymatic hydrolysis step. The design of the research was as follows: Identify ionic liquids that can dissolve cellulose, while still supporting enzymatic activity and enzymes from nature that can withstand high ionic liquid concentrations. Then, use directed evolution to enhance the ionic liquid tolerance of cellulases and screen for variants that were indeed more IL-tolerant.Additionally, it was of interest to determine what happens to the enzymes, when inactivated by the ionic liquid. Do they unfold? Does the ionic liquid block the active site?All of these main objectives were achieved, to varying degrees, in this work. First, using GFP as a reporter protein for quickly measuring protein stability by GFP fluorescence, we identified the ionic liquid 1,3-Dimethylimidazolium dimethylphosphate (Mmim DMP) to support greater cellulase activity than other ionic liquids, including the more commonly used 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium (Emim) acetate.Then, we found cellulases from hyperthermophiles, such as Pyrococcus furiosus , to be more stable in aqueous ionic liquid than cellulases from mesophilic organisms. A cellulase from this organism was active in up to 70% (w/w) Mmim DMP.Using DNA shuffling we generated a library of chimeric cellulase (cellobiohydrolase I or Cel7A) genes from several homologous genes. After screening a library of over 1200 variants, we identified two variants that were more stable than the native enzyme from Talaromyces emersonii. However, the degree of increase in stability was much less after both the wild type and variant enzyme were treated with exogenous glutamine cyclase to convert the N terminal glutamine to…
Subjects/Keywords: Biogeochemistry; Chemical engineering; Biofuel; Cellulase; Directed Evolution; Enzyme; Ionic Liquid
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APA (6th Edition):
Wolski, P. W. (2013). Engineering and Identification of Ionic Liquid-Tolerant Cellulases for Biofuels Production. (Thesis). University of California – Berkeley. Retrieved from http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/4m17q46c
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Wolski, Paul William. “Engineering and Identification of Ionic Liquid-Tolerant Cellulases for Biofuels Production.” 2013. Thesis, University of California – Berkeley. Accessed January 17, 2021.
http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/4m17q46c.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Wolski, Paul William. “Engineering and Identification of Ionic Liquid-Tolerant Cellulases for Biofuels Production.” 2013. Web. 17 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Wolski PW. Engineering and Identification of Ionic Liquid-Tolerant Cellulases for Biofuels Production. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of California – Berkeley; 2013. [cited 2021 Jan 17].
Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/4m17q46c.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Wolski PW. Engineering and Identification of Ionic Liquid-Tolerant Cellulases for Biofuels Production. [Thesis]. University of California – Berkeley; 2013. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/4m17q46c
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
McMaster University
13.
Liu, Hanshuo.
Electron Microscopy Study of the Chemical and Structural Evolution of Lithium-Ion Battery Cathode Materials.
Degree: PhD, 2017, McMaster University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11375/22071
► Layered lithium transition metal oxides represent a major type of cathode materials that are widely used in commercial lithium-ion batteries. Nevertheless, these layered cathode materials…
(more)
▼ Layered lithium transition metal oxides represent a major type of cathode materials that are widely used in commercial lithium-ion batteries. Nevertheless, these layered cathode materials suffer structural changes during electrochemical cycling that could adversely affect the battery performance. Clear explanations of the cathode degradation process and its initiation, however, are still under debate and are not yet fully understood. In this thesis, the cycling-induced chemical and structural evolution of LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 (NMC) and high-energy Li1.2Ni0.13Mn0.54Co0.13O2 (HENMC) cathodes are investigated in details using state-of-the-art electron microscopy techniques combined with other bulk measurements to uncover the mechanisms at the source of cell deterioration.
Thesis
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Advisors/Committee Members: Botton, Gianluigi, Materials Science and Engineering.
Subjects/Keywords: lithium-ion battery; cathode materials; electron microscopy; chemical evolution; phase transformation
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APA (6th Edition):
Liu, H. (2017). Electron Microscopy Study of the Chemical and Structural Evolution of Lithium-Ion Battery Cathode Materials. (Doctoral Dissertation). McMaster University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11375/22071
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Liu, Hanshuo. “Electron Microscopy Study of the Chemical and Structural Evolution of Lithium-Ion Battery Cathode Materials.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, McMaster University. Accessed January 17, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/11375/22071.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Liu, Hanshuo. “Electron Microscopy Study of the Chemical and Structural Evolution of Lithium-Ion Battery Cathode Materials.” 2017. Web. 17 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Liu H. Electron Microscopy Study of the Chemical and Structural Evolution of Lithium-Ion Battery Cathode Materials. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. McMaster University; 2017. [cited 2021 Jan 17].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11375/22071.
Council of Science Editors:
Liu H. Electron Microscopy Study of the Chemical and Structural Evolution of Lithium-Ion Battery Cathode Materials. [Doctoral Dissertation]. McMaster University; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11375/22071
14.
Dorr, Brent Matthew.
Directed Evolution of Sortase Activity and Specificity.
Degree: PhD, Chemistry, 2014, Harvard University
URL: http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:12274116
► Nature employs complex networks of protein-tailoring enzymes to effect the post-translational modification of proteins in vivo. By comparison, modern chemical methods rely upon either nonspecific…
(more)
▼ Nature employs complex networks of protein-tailoring enzymes to effect the post-translational modification of proteins in vivo. By comparison, modern chemical methods rely upon either nonspecific labeling techniques or upon the genetic incorporation of bioorthogonal handles. To develop truly robust bioconjugates it is necessary to develop methods which possess the exquisite activity and specificity observed in biological catalysts. One attractive strategy to achieve this is the engineering of protein-tailoring enzymes possessing user-defined specificity and high catalytic efficiency.
Chemistry and Chemical Biology
Advisors/Committee Members: Liu, David Ruchien (advisor), Saghatelian, Alan (committee member), Chaikof, Elliot (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Chemistry; Molecular biology; Biochemistry; Bioconjugation; Chemical Biology; Directed Evolution; Sortase
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APA (6th Edition):
Dorr, B. M. (2014). Directed Evolution of Sortase Activity and Specificity. (Doctoral Dissertation). Harvard University. Retrieved from http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:12274116
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Dorr, Brent Matthew. “Directed Evolution of Sortase Activity and Specificity.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, Harvard University. Accessed January 17, 2021.
http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:12274116.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Dorr, Brent Matthew. “Directed Evolution of Sortase Activity and Specificity.” 2014. Web. 17 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Dorr BM. Directed Evolution of Sortase Activity and Specificity. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Harvard University; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 17].
Available from: http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:12274116.
Council of Science Editors:
Dorr BM. Directed Evolution of Sortase Activity and Specificity. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Harvard University; 2014. Available from: http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:12274116
Humboldt State University
15.
Cummings, Adam.
Evolution of an aquatic courtship pheromone in the genus Taricha.
Degree: MS, Biology, 2015, Humboldt State University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10211.3/143190
► Different loci within a multigene family often experience unique evolutionary pressures; this phenomenon is often observed in proteins involved in reproduction. Chemical communication using secreted…
(more)
▼ Different loci within a multigene family often experience unique evolutionary pressures; this phenomenon is often observed in proteins involved in reproduction.
Chemical communication using secreted proteinaceous pheromones is critical for reproductive success in salamanders. Differential recognition of these signals can create a reproductive barrier between lineages. In the newt genus Taricha, there is no discernable differentiation in courtship behavior among congeners, in spite of multiple regions of sympatry among the species. This suggests that divergence in
chemical communication may serve as a reproductive barrier. The goal of this project was to study the diversification of one such pheromone – sodefrin precursor-like factor (SPF) – expressed in male cloacal glands. My objective was to investigate its role in the diversification of Taricha and test the role of conflicting selection modes in shaping that diversification. Males of the four species of Taricha (T. granulosa (n = 4), T. torosa (n = 8), T. rivularis (n = 2), and T. sierrae (n = 7)) were collected from regions of sympatry throughout California. Reverse transcriptase-PCR of abdominal gland extracts using degenerate primers resulted in isolation of 63 unique sequences of SPF. Phylogenetic analyses show that at least two SPF genomic loci (Beta-1 & Beta-2) are expressed in Taricha, although patterns of expression vary among the species: T. granulosa and T.
sierrae exclusively express Beta-1 while T. torosa and T. rivularis exclusively express Beta-2, except in a known hybridization zone between T. torosa and T. sierrae in the Kaweah River drainage within Kern Co., California. Here, both species present express both loci, presumably due to introgression. Beta-1 and Beta-2 SPF exhibit different patterns of protein
evolution: Beta-1 showed evidence of gradual allopatric divergence with relatively few codons experiencing Darwinian selection while Beta-2 transcripts in the known hybridization zone are radically altered via alternate splicing patterns. Splicing patterns and highly concentrated codons under positive selection indicate that a key functional region for SPF binding may be in the second three-finger protein domain. The results provide insights into multi-locus signals in salamanders, specifically and the evolutionary mechanisms that shape courtship pheromones more generally.
Advisors/Committee Members: Reiss, John.
Subjects/Keywords: Molecular evolution; Chemical communication; SPF; Sodefrin precursor-like factor; Salamandridae
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APA (6th Edition):
Cummings, A. (2015). Evolution of an aquatic courtship pheromone in the genus Taricha. (Masters Thesis). Humboldt State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10211.3/143190
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Cummings, Adam. “Evolution of an aquatic courtship pheromone in the genus Taricha.” 2015. Masters Thesis, Humboldt State University. Accessed January 17, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10211.3/143190.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Cummings, Adam. “Evolution of an aquatic courtship pheromone in the genus Taricha.” 2015. Web. 17 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Cummings A. Evolution of an aquatic courtship pheromone in the genus Taricha. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Humboldt State University; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 17].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10211.3/143190.
Council of Science Editors:
Cummings A. Evolution of an aquatic courtship pheromone in the genus Taricha. [Masters Thesis]. Humboldt State University; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10211.3/143190
16.
Belfiore, Francesco M C.
Star formation, quenching and chemical enrichment in local galaxies from integral field spectroscopy.
Degree: PhD, 2017, University of Cambridge
URL: https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/266684
► Within the currently well-established ΛCDM cosmological framework we still lack a satisfactory un- derstanding of the processes that trigger, regulate and eventually quench star formation…
(more)
▼ Within the currently well-established ΛCDM cosmological framework we still lack a satisfactory un- derstanding of the processes that trigger, regulate and eventually quench star formation on galactic scales. Gas flows (including inflows from the cosmic web and supernovae-driven outflows) are con- sidered to act as self-regulatory mechanisms, generating the scaling relations between stellar mass, star formation rate and metallicity observed in the local Universe by large spectroscopic surveys. These surveys, however, have so far been limited by the availability of only one spectrum per galaxy. The aim of this dissertation is to expand the study of star formation and chemical abundances to resolved scales within galaxies by using integral field spectroscopy (IFS) data, mostly from the ongoing SDSS- IV MaNGA survey.
In the first part of this thesis I demonstrate the ubiquitous presence of extended low ionisation emission-line regions (LIERs) in both late- and early-type galaxies. By studying the Hα equivalent width and diagnostic line ratios radial profiles, together with tracers of the underlying stellar popula- tion, I show that LIERs are not due to a central point source but to hot evolved (post-asymptotic giant branch) stars. In light of this, I suggest a new classification scheme for galaxies based on their line emission. By analysing the colours, star formation rates, morphologies, gas and stellar kinematics and environmental properties of galaxies with substantial LIER emission, I identify two distinct popula- tions. Galaxies where the central regions are LIER-like, but show star formation at larger radii are late types in which star formation is slowly quenched inside-out. This transformation is associated with massive bulges. Galaxies dominated by LIER emission at all radii, on the other hand, are red-sequence galaxies harbouring a residual cold gas component, acquired mostly via external accretion. Quiescent galaxies devoid of line emission reside in denser environments, which suggests environmental effects as a likely cause for the existence of line-less galaxies on the red sequence.
In the second part of this dissertation I focus on the study of resolved chemical abundances by characterising the gas phase oxygen and nitrogen abundance gradients in a large sample of star forming galaxies. I analyse the deviations from an exponential profile at small and large radii and the dependence of the gradients on stellar mass. These findings are interpreted in the context of the inside-out paradigm of disc growth. I then demonstrate the necessity of gas flows, which are responsible for the observed flattening of the metallicity and N/O ratio gradients at large radii. Finally, I present a case study based on one nearby galaxy (NGC 628), in which I combine IFS and cold gas data to derive a spatially resolved metal budget and estimate the mass of metals lost by the galaxy throughout its life- time. By using simple physically-motivated models of chemical evolution I infer the average outflow loading factor to be of order…
Subjects/Keywords: galaxy evolution; galaxy surveys; low redshift galaxies; interstellar medium; chemical abundances
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APA (6th Edition):
Belfiore, F. M. C. (2017). Star formation, quenching and chemical enrichment in local galaxies from integral field spectroscopy. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Cambridge. Retrieved from https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/266684
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Belfiore, Francesco M C. “Star formation, quenching and chemical enrichment in local galaxies from integral field spectroscopy.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Cambridge. Accessed January 17, 2021.
https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/266684.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Belfiore, Francesco M C. “Star formation, quenching and chemical enrichment in local galaxies from integral field spectroscopy.” 2017. Web. 17 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Belfiore FMC. Star formation, quenching and chemical enrichment in local galaxies from integral field spectroscopy. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Cambridge; 2017. [cited 2021 Jan 17].
Available from: https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/266684.
Council of Science Editors:
Belfiore FMC. Star formation, quenching and chemical enrichment in local galaxies from integral field spectroscopy. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Cambridge; 2017. Available from: https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/266684
University of Colorado
17.
Glebes, Tirzah Ya'el.
Genome Engineering for Improved Furfural and Product Tolerance in Escherichia coli for Renewable Biofuel Applications.
Degree: PhD, 2014, University of Colorado
URL: https://scholar.colorado.edu/chen_gradetds/3
► As engineers, we are interested in designing controlled, predictable, and maintainable strategies for performing or improving tasks. Genome engineering aims to use these same…
(more)
▼ As engineers, we are interested in designing controlled, predictable, and maintainable strategies for performing or improving tasks. Genome engineering aims to use these same principles to design or re-design biological systems for targeted purposes. Strategies for genome engineering are no longer primarily limited by the cost of DNA synthesis or sequencing as they have been in the past. Instead, strategies are limited by not having methods to inform efficient and directed design. In these studies, we present an example of overcoming this current limitation by using various tools to identify genetic manipulations of interest, and then subsequently use these findings to motivate the directed design of cells for novel phenotypes. Initial studies are focused on elucidating genetic manipulations that confer furfural tolerance. Furfural is a key microbial inhibitor found in lignocellulosic hydrolysate, which is the proposed renewable sugar source for fermentation of sustainable biofuels that do not rely on food-based feedstocks. We transition towards engineering biofuel tolerance based upon identifications made in the furfural studies.
Using libraries of 10
3 to 10
5 unique members with defined and trackable mutations, we tested, in parallel, their effect on growth in the presence of furfural. We used two different search strategies (multiSCale Analysis of Library Enrichments and TRackable Multiplex Recombineering) to map genotype-to-phenotype relationships for furfural tolerance. Improved growth was confirmed for six novel furfural tolerance alleles:
lpcA (lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis),
groESL (chaperonin),
dicA (regulator of cell division proteins),
rna (ribonuclease),
ahpC (alkylhydroperoxide reductase subunit), and
yhjH (involved in flagellar motility regulation). The diversity of beneficial mutations found here highlights the breadth of changes that can be made to confer the same phenotype.
Building upon one of the most tolerant genes elucidated for furfural tolerance (
lpcA), we informed the directed design of mutants with altered lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis to confer tolerance to hydrophobic biofuels, like
n-butanol. Using a recursive recombineering approach to create libraries of increasingly mutated strains, we isolated clones capable of up to 50% growth improvements in
n-butanol. We also initiated use of a new method for tracking multiple mutations across the genome, which has the potential to further reduce DNA sequencing costs by an order of magnitude.
Together, these studies identify novel mutations which confer industrially relevant phenotypes that can be used in future cellulosic biofuel production efforts. We show mutations identified for furfural tolerance can be redirected to improve biofuel tolerant phenotypes, suggesting a unified approach towards engineering both feedstock and product tolerance. Our findings also discuss broader applications to genome engineering, both in…
Advisors/Committee Members: Ryan T. Gill, James W. Medlin, Theodore W. Randolph, Min Zhang, Corrella S. Detweiler.
Subjects/Keywords: biofuels; directed evolution; furfural; genome engineering; Chemical Engineering
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APA (6th Edition):
Glebes, T. Y. (2014). Genome Engineering for Improved Furfural and Product Tolerance in Escherichia coli for Renewable Biofuel Applications. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Colorado. Retrieved from https://scholar.colorado.edu/chen_gradetds/3
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Glebes, Tirzah Ya'el. “Genome Engineering for Improved Furfural and Product Tolerance in Escherichia coli for Renewable Biofuel Applications.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Colorado. Accessed January 17, 2021.
https://scholar.colorado.edu/chen_gradetds/3.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Glebes, Tirzah Ya'el. “Genome Engineering for Improved Furfural and Product Tolerance in Escherichia coli for Renewable Biofuel Applications.” 2014. Web. 17 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Glebes TY. Genome Engineering for Improved Furfural and Product Tolerance in Escherichia coli for Renewable Biofuel Applications. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 17].
Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/chen_gradetds/3.
Council of Science Editors:
Glebes TY. Genome Engineering for Improved Furfural and Product Tolerance in Escherichia coli for Renewable Biofuel Applications. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2014. Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/chen_gradetds/3
University of Colorado
18.
Frank, Elizabeth Anne.
Temporal Limits on the Habitability of Rocky Worlds.
Degree: PhD, Geological Sciences, 2014, University of Colorado
URL: https://scholar.colorado.edu/geol_gradetds/83
► The epoch of habitability on a rocky world is dictated by the suite of geological events and processes it experiences. A planet may be…
(more)
▼ The epoch of habitability on a rocky world is dictated by the suite of geological events and processes it experiences. A planet may be habitable for a long stretch of its history, but that period has limits. When is too soon for life to arise on a planet, and when is it too late for it to continue? Limits for habitability on Earth-like planets can be defined by extracting Earth's history from the geochemical record to infer that of the rocky planets lying far beyond the reaches of our solar system.
The Late Veneer was the last recorded impact event capable of melting the Earth's crust – and extinguishing any extant life. Eoarchean ultramafic schists (metakomatiites) from Greenland and Canada show highly siderophile element depletions consistent with a deep mantle that had yet to be fully contaminated by Late Veneer material. Whether it was one impactor or multiple, it is clear that the iteration of life from which we originate must have arisen no earlier than the Late Veneer.
Planetary accretion stymies the emergence of life, but geophysics might provide its eventual demise. Plate tectonics operates on Earth as a globate climate moderator, keeping Earth's surface temperate. Geological activity is maintained largely by the long-lived, heat-producing radionuclides 40K, 232Th, 235U, and 238U, whose concentrations decline as Earth ages. Eventually, these isotopes will no longer be able to provide the heat required for mantle convection, and plate tectonics will shut down, calling into question Earth's ability to maintain habitability on a global scale.
Here, the Late Veneer is proposed for the first time as a hard constraint for when life could have arisen on Earth, and age is shown to be a key player in the long-term thermal regimes of conventionally defined Earth-like exoplanets. Provided with limits on the reign of life on Earth, the habitability of rocky exoplanets can be evaluated: those that are too young will still be experiencing surface-sterilizing impact events, while those that are too old will possess cool mantles incapable of sustaining the geological activity that supports the only life we know of in the Universe.
Advisors/Committee Members: Stephen Mojzsis, William Bottke, Brian Hynek, Joseph Smyth, Shijie Zhong.
Subjects/Keywords: galactic chemical evolution; geochemistry; habitability; planets; Geochemistry; Geomorphology
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APA (6th Edition):
Frank, E. A. (2014). Temporal Limits on the Habitability of Rocky Worlds. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Colorado. Retrieved from https://scholar.colorado.edu/geol_gradetds/83
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Frank, Elizabeth Anne. “Temporal Limits on the Habitability of Rocky Worlds.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Colorado. Accessed January 17, 2021.
https://scholar.colorado.edu/geol_gradetds/83.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Frank, Elizabeth Anne. “Temporal Limits on the Habitability of Rocky Worlds.” 2014. Web. 17 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Frank EA. Temporal Limits on the Habitability of Rocky Worlds. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 17].
Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/geol_gradetds/83.
Council of Science Editors:
Frank EA. Temporal Limits on the Habitability of Rocky Worlds. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Colorado; 2014. Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/geol_gradetds/83
19.
Pressman, Abe Daniel.
Measuring Biochemical Possibility Spaces in Evolutionary Engineering.
Degree: 2019, University of California – eScholarship, University of California
URL: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/1p67z69w
► At the molecular level, artificial selection—controlling the forces of evolution to improve or design new biochemical functions— makes up one of our strongest tools for…
(more)
▼ At the molecular level, artificial selection—controlling the forces of evolution to improve or design new biochemical functions— makes up one of our strongest tools for finding better biocatalysts, pharmaceuticals, and biosensors, as well as for studying the history and process of evolution itself. But fully harnessing evolution requires knowledge of the shape and dynamics of complete evolutionary spaces. Prior to this work, very little research existed comparing the real dynamics of artificial selection to any of the theoretical work that has been written to support it. By updating the classical theory of simple selections towards an engineering focus, and combining this with direct observations of direct evolving populations, my work has shown the first mathematical descriptions of how whole populations evolve during the selection of novel biocatalysts.This work seeks to address the analysis of evolutionary fitness and chemical activity spaces at several levels. First, we offer a broad-ranging theoretical approach to mapping the distribution of fitness effects in any system under driven selection. Through both simulations and recent experimental data, we show that it is possible to estimate the initial distribution of fitness for nearly any selected population. In addition to potential applications in automated gene engineering, this theoretical solution also makes it possible to approximate the overall distribution of any selectable chemical function across random molecular space, a necessary condition for theoretical optimization of nearly any in vitro selection.Zooming in, we next develop tools to view an entire population of active catalysts and how it dynamically changes over the course of an entire selection. Working with a model selection for de novo RNA triphosphorylation catalysts, we develop a new high-throughput method to measure many active catalysts in parallel, building the first portrait of how tens of thousands of different functional molecules enrich or disappear over the course of an entire artificial selection. New heuristics for assessing the effectiveness of various activity- estimation methods allowed us to efficiently identify highly active ribozymes, as well as estimating catalytic activity without performing any additional experiments. We also present the first picture of non-ideality during a real selection, demonstrating that stochastic effects can be a powerful and quantifiable confounding factor on predicted selection dynamics. Finally, this analysis allows us to build the highest-resolution extant picture of a biocatalyst activity distribution, showing a catalytic activity that is log-normal, consistent with a mechanism for the emergence of activity as the product of many independent contributions.Finally, we design our own model selection to investigate the evolution of a theoretical aminoacylase RNA whose existence may have been crucial to the origin of the genetic code. Using this system, we have developed techniques for Sequencing to determine Catalytic Activity Paired with…
Subjects/Keywords: Chemical engineering; Bioengineering; Bioinformatics; directed evolution; in vitro selection; ribozymes
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APA ·
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MLA ·
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Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
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APA (6th Edition):
Pressman, A. D. (2019). Measuring Biochemical Possibility Spaces in Evolutionary Engineering. (Thesis). University of California – eScholarship, University of California. Retrieved from http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/1p67z69w
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Pressman, Abe Daniel. “Measuring Biochemical Possibility Spaces in Evolutionary Engineering.” 2019. Thesis, University of California – eScholarship, University of California. Accessed January 17, 2021.
http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/1p67z69w.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Pressman, Abe Daniel. “Measuring Biochemical Possibility Spaces in Evolutionary Engineering.” 2019. Web. 17 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Pressman AD. Measuring Biochemical Possibility Spaces in Evolutionary Engineering. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of California – eScholarship, University of California; 2019. [cited 2021 Jan 17].
Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/1p67z69w.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Pressman AD. Measuring Biochemical Possibility Spaces in Evolutionary Engineering. [Thesis]. University of California – eScholarship, University of California; 2019. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/1p67z69w
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of Adelaide
20.
Zaid bin Abdul Kadir.
Evolution in the genus Gossypium with supplementary observations on other genera.
Degree: 1973, University of Adelaide
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/20442
Subjects/Keywords: Chemical evolution.; Cytogenetics.; Cotton.
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APA (6th Edition):
Kadir, Z. b. A. (1973). Evolution in the genus Gossypium with supplementary observations on other genera. (Thesis). University of Adelaide. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2440/20442
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Kadir, Zaid bin Abdul. “Evolution in the genus Gossypium with supplementary observations on other genera.” 1973. Thesis, University of Adelaide. Accessed January 17, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2440/20442.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Kadir, Zaid bin Abdul. “Evolution in the genus Gossypium with supplementary observations on other genera.” 1973. Web. 17 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Kadir ZbA. Evolution in the genus Gossypium with supplementary observations on other genera. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Adelaide; 1973. [cited 2021 Jan 17].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/20442.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Kadir ZbA. Evolution in the genus Gossypium with supplementary observations on other genera. [Thesis]. University of Adelaide; 1973. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/20442
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Queen Mary, University of London
21.
Yap, Jing Wei.
Molecular and genome evolution in the Malesian slipper orchids (Paphiopedilum section Barbata).
Degree: PhD, 2016, Queen Mary, University of London
URL: http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/12968
;
https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.775291
► Paphiopedilum section Barbata (Cypripedioideae: Orchidaceae) is an evolutionarily young and charismatic group of terrestrial orchids native to the Himalayas, Indochina and Malesia. It contains several…
(more)
▼ Paphiopedilum section Barbata (Cypripedioideae: Orchidaceae) is an evolutionarily young and charismatic group of terrestrial orchids native to the Himalayas, Indochina and Malesia. It contains several interesting species complexes, variable chromosome numbers (2n=28-42) and genome sizes (2C=55-70 pg) with hybrid speciation suspected on the basis of morphological data. In Chapter 1, I introduce Paphiopedilum and review existing literature on the group. In Chapter 2, I ask: what are the evolutionary relationships within section Barbata? I answer this by sequencing four plastid (ycf1, matK, psa-ycf3ex3 and trnF(GAA)-ndhJ) and two low copy nuclear gene (Xdh and CHS) regions. Analysing the phylogenetic signals revealed patterns of gene tree incongruence and geographical groupings that suggest historical and on-going hybridisation. In Chapter 3, I ask: what biogeographical processes are driving diversification of section Barbata? To answer this I estimate the age of section Barbata from a dated BEAST phylogeny of cloned Xdh sequences and analyse it in relation to the geographical history of Southeast Asia. This revealed that section Barbata arose c. 6.3 Mya (95% HPD range=4.0-8.8 Mya) and that diversification is primarily driven by hybridisation, vicariance and dispersal facilitated by glacial-interglacial cycles of sea-level fluctuations in SE Asia, and possibly chromosomal changes. In Chapter 4, I ask: what genomic changes are occurring in section Barbata? I approach this by characterising repetitive DNA sequences in representative taxa and analyse them against new genome size estimates and published chromosome numbers. The results show that Paphiopedilum genomes are comprised of 61.1-71.5% repetitive DNA, and 28.9-39.5% single or low-copy DNA that is possibly derived from ancient repetitive elements. These findings suggest that a low-rate of repetitive DNA removal, rather than proliferation of any particular family of repetitive element, is driving genome evolution in the group. Finally in Chapter 5, I present my hypotheses on speciation processes in Paphiopedilum and outline avenues for future work.
Subjects/Keywords: Biological and Chemical Sciences; genome evolution; Orchids; evolutionary biology
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APA (6th Edition):
Yap, J. W. (2016). Molecular and genome evolution in the Malesian slipper orchids (Paphiopedilum section Barbata). (Doctoral Dissertation). Queen Mary, University of London. Retrieved from http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/12968 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.775291
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Yap, Jing Wei. “Molecular and genome evolution in the Malesian slipper orchids (Paphiopedilum section Barbata).” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, Queen Mary, University of London. Accessed January 17, 2021.
http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/12968 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.775291.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Yap, Jing Wei. “Molecular and genome evolution in the Malesian slipper orchids (Paphiopedilum section Barbata).” 2016. Web. 17 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Yap JW. Molecular and genome evolution in the Malesian slipper orchids (Paphiopedilum section Barbata). [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Queen Mary, University of London; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 17].
Available from: http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/12968 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.775291.
Council of Science Editors:
Yap JW. Molecular and genome evolution in the Malesian slipper orchids (Paphiopedilum section Barbata). [Doctoral Dissertation]. Queen Mary, University of London; 2016. Available from: http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/12968 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.775291
University of Melbourne
22.
Zemeitat, Dany Susann.
Evolution of cooperative behaviour in Australian lycaenid butterflies and ants.
Degree: 2017, University of Melbourne
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11343/212461
► Mutualistic associations between butterflies of the family Lycaenidae and ants are common, and the costs and benefits for both partners have been clearly documented. Ant…
(more)
▼ Mutualistic associations between butterflies of the family Lycaenidae and ants are common, and the costs and benefits for both partners have been clearly documented. Ant colonies and territories are well defended against intruders of all kinds, thereby providing an ‘enemy-free’ space for the vulnerable caterpillars. In return, tending ants receive a nutritious droplet of food secretions, released by the Dorsal Nectary Organ (DNO). Optimizing ant attendance may be achieved by tailoring the composition and quantity of food rewards to the needs and feeding preferences of the ant colony. Although DNO secretions play a central role in the exchange of benefits within lycaenid-ant mutualisms, cooperation also requires some degree of communication. A critical, unresolved issue in this mutualistic association is how these partners communicate, and in particular how the butterfly larvae are initially accepted by the tending ants. Nestmate recognition in ants is mediated through chemical-based signals, cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs), and CHC resemblance with the host ant facilitates ant-association across a variety of taxa. Therefore, CHCs are assumed to play a central role in associations of lycaenid butterflies and ants.
My thesis research explores the nature of the DNO secretions in three species of the Australian lycaenid genus Jalmenus, J. evagoras, J. icilius and J. ictinus, by investigating the chemical composition of the food rewards and the macronutrient preferences of the workers of ants associated with J. evagoras and J.ictinus. I further investigate how Jalmenus larvae establish ant attendance by examining the CHC composition of J. evagoras larvae and the associated Iridomyrmex mayri ants across a broad and fine geographic scale, and explore the nature and potential resemblance of CHCs between both partners.
All three species of Jalmenus provide large quantities of carbohydrates in their DNO secretions, and the tending Iridomyrmex ants show a strong preference for sugar over all single amino acids and amines, except histidine, highlighting a strong concordance between the abundance of different macronutrients synthesised by lycaenid butterfly larvae and the preference of their attendant ants. However, Iridomyrmex ants prefer amino acids other than the most abundant in the larval DNO secretions, suggesting that the larvae may optimise the costs and benefits of amino acid production. Remarkably, lycaenid DNO secretions contain an astonishing number of compounds, some of which may be key nutrients and thus play a significant role in lycaenid-ant associations.
This thesis reveals significant and unexpected compositional differences of CHCs between I. mayri colonies. Remarkably, host tree-specific CHC profiles are also found in the associated butterfly J. evagoras. Although resemblance of the overall CHC composition between the two partners was not detected, the great variation of CHC profiles suggests that CHCs serve a function other than purely physiological, possibly as communication signals. This is…
Subjects/Keywords: behavioural ecology; chemical ecology; mutualisms; species interactions; evolution
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APA ·
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Export
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Zemeitat, D. S. (2017). Evolution of cooperative behaviour in Australian lycaenid butterflies and ants. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Melbourne. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11343/212461
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Zemeitat, Dany Susann. “Evolution of cooperative behaviour in Australian lycaenid butterflies and ants.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Melbourne. Accessed January 17, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/11343/212461.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Zemeitat, Dany Susann. “Evolution of cooperative behaviour in Australian lycaenid butterflies and ants.” 2017. Web. 17 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Zemeitat DS. Evolution of cooperative behaviour in Australian lycaenid butterflies and ants. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Melbourne; 2017. [cited 2021 Jan 17].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11343/212461.
Council of Science Editors:
Zemeitat DS. Evolution of cooperative behaviour in Australian lycaenid butterflies and ants. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Melbourne; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11343/212461
University of South Carolina
23.
Fuentes, Roderick Eliel.
Bimetallic Electrocatalysts on TiO2 -Based Supports for Methanol Oxidation and Oxygen Evolution.
Degree: PhD, Chemical Engineering, 2011, University of South Carolina
URL: https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/etd/574
► Electrocatalysts are essential for the development of active and durable fuel cells and hydrogen production technologies. Generally, electrochemical processes of energy conversion and hydrogen…
(more)
▼ Electrocatalysts are essential for the development of active and durable fuel cells and hydrogen production technologies. Generally, electrochemical processes of energy conversion and hydrogen generation in a Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) utilize precious metals, such as platinum, iridium and ruthenium, as electrocatalysts. For the methanol oxidation and oxygen
evolution reaction, a bimetallic structure can be used to enhance kinetics and increase stability. It is desired to support electrocatalysts to disperse nanoparticles on the surface and promote better catalyst utilization. Traditionally, carbon has been used as an electrochemical support because it has a high surface area and high electrical conductivity. The problem with carbon is that it is not a very stable material and can corrode at voltages more than 0.9 V, affecting performance of the electrochemical reaction. Therefore, it would be useful to support electrocatalysts in a stable material with suitable conductivity
Using titanium dioxide as a support can be advantageous due to its corrosion-resistant capability. TiO
2 exhibit different crystalline structures, such as anatase and rutile, which can have an effect on catalytic activity. Unfortunately, it is not conductive; hence, it is not used in electrochemical applications. However, it can be doped with niobium to increase electronic conductivity; but, it usually come at the expense of surface area. In this work, TiO
2 and Nb-TiO
2 were studied as platinum/ruthenium and iridium/ruthenium nanoparticles supports for the electrochemical oxidation of methanol and oxygen
evolution, respectively. Even though the conductivity of our supports was very low, adding a considerable loading of nanoparticles increased conductivity of the composite material (support + catalyst) to acceptable levels. Using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and direct methanol fuel cell tests creating a membrane electrode assembly (MEA), Pt-Ru supported on Nb-TiO
2 and TiO
2 showed superior activity over similar catalysts supported on carbon. Also, the supported electrocatalysts on anatase TiO
2 were more active than supported on rutile for methanol electrooxidation. For the case of oxygen
evolution reaction (OER), supported Ir:Ru nanoparticles had higher performance than unsupported metal and corresponding metal oxide. It is known that metal oxides are more durable than bare metals for OER. Performing durability studies in CV it was demonstrated that even the metal oxide Ir
0.5Ru
0.5O
2 can degrade. However, when titanium was added to this metal oxide, the stability improved. Polarization experiments in a PEM water electrolyzer were tested for Ir
0.45Ru
0.45Ti
0.10O
2; and it was found a higher performance at current densities…
Advisors/Committee Members: John W Weidner.
Subjects/Keywords: Chemical Engineering; Engineering; electrocatalysis; methanol oxidation; oxigen evolution; titanium dioxide
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APA (6th Edition):
Fuentes, R. E. (2011). Bimetallic Electrocatalysts on TiO2 -Based Supports for Methanol Oxidation and Oxygen Evolution. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of South Carolina. Retrieved from https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/etd/574
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Fuentes, Roderick Eliel. “Bimetallic Electrocatalysts on TiO2 -Based Supports for Methanol Oxidation and Oxygen Evolution.” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, University of South Carolina. Accessed January 17, 2021.
https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/etd/574.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Fuentes, Roderick Eliel. “Bimetallic Electrocatalysts on TiO2 -Based Supports for Methanol Oxidation and Oxygen Evolution.” 2011. Web. 17 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Fuentes RE. Bimetallic Electrocatalysts on TiO2 -Based Supports for Methanol Oxidation and Oxygen Evolution. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of South Carolina; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 17].
Available from: https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/etd/574.
Council of Science Editors:
Fuentes RE. Bimetallic Electrocatalysts on TiO2 -Based Supports for Methanol Oxidation and Oxygen Evolution. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of South Carolina; 2011. Available from: https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/etd/574
University of Lund
24.
Thorsbro, Brian.
Clues to galaxy evolution from spectroscopic observations
of Galactic centre stars.
Degree: 2020, University of Lund
URL: https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/1aa647f8-bef1-46ef-9ae4-8d70206173f8
;
https://portal.research.lu.se/ws/files/82853814/ThorsbroThesisFinal.pdf
► In this work we present results from spectroscopic observations of Galactic centre stars. High resolution stellar spectroscopy can be used to determine accurate stellar metallicities…
(more)
▼ In this work we present results from spectroscopic
observations of Galactic centre stars. High resolution stellar
spectroscopy can be used to determine accurate stellar
metallicities and abundances. Observing stars in the Galactic
centre is challenging due to extreme extinction. However, observing
bright M giants in the K band is viable with 10 m telescopes, which
is what has been carried out in this work using the Keck II
telescope at W. M. Keck Observatory, Hawai'i.We provide a
metallicity distribution of a sample of stars observed in the
Galactic centre and show that the sampled stars on average have a
metallicity comparable to the Sun, with a subset of the sample
having a very high metallicity. We also investigate the silicon
abundance of the stars as an alpha tracer, and show that in general
there is a similarity between the Galactic centre stars and stars
further out. However, for the high metallicity subsample stars in
the Galactic centre, there is evidence for a possible alpha
enrichment beyond what is found elsewhere in the Galaxy.Alpha
enrichment is a powerful diagnostic as it is central to chemical
evolution models giving constraints important for the development
of galactic formation and evolution theories. We model the
determined alpha enrichment and suggest that there might have been
a recent starburst event, or maybe there was a pause in star
formation between 3 and 12 Gyr ago. We model different pause
scenarios. Further observations of a larger number of stars, and
other tracers of alpha elements, are required to verify this
result.We also investigate claims of increased scandium abundances
in the Galactic centre and find that the extremely strong scandium
lines could be explained by a better understanding of the atomic
physics properties of scandium, rather than a high scandium
abundance. We find similarly strong scandium lines in stars further
out in the Galaxy.We have thus demonstrated that the determination
of abundances of Galactic centre stars is now possible and that
future investigation of more stars and more elements will provide
necessary and strong constraints to theories of how the Galactic
centre have formed and evolved.
Subjects/Keywords: Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology; Chemical abundances; Late-type stars; Star clusters; Galactic center; Galaxy chemical evolution; Chemical enrichment
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APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
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CSE |
Export
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Thorsbro, B. (2020). Clues to galaxy evolution from spectroscopic observations
of Galactic centre stars. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Lund. Retrieved from https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/1aa647f8-bef1-46ef-9ae4-8d70206173f8 ; https://portal.research.lu.se/ws/files/82853814/ThorsbroThesisFinal.pdf
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Thorsbro, Brian. “Clues to galaxy evolution from spectroscopic observations
of Galactic centre stars.” 2020. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Lund. Accessed January 17, 2021.
https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/1aa647f8-bef1-46ef-9ae4-8d70206173f8 ; https://portal.research.lu.se/ws/files/82853814/ThorsbroThesisFinal.pdf.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Thorsbro, Brian. “Clues to galaxy evolution from spectroscopic observations
of Galactic centre stars.” 2020. Web. 17 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Thorsbro B. Clues to galaxy evolution from spectroscopic observations
of Galactic centre stars. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Lund; 2020. [cited 2021 Jan 17].
Available from: https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/1aa647f8-bef1-46ef-9ae4-8d70206173f8 ; https://portal.research.lu.se/ws/files/82853814/ThorsbroThesisFinal.pdf.
Council of Science Editors:
Thorsbro B. Clues to galaxy evolution from spectroscopic observations
of Galactic centre stars. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Lund; 2020. Available from: https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/1aa647f8-bef1-46ef-9ae4-8d70206173f8 ; https://portal.research.lu.se/ws/files/82853814/ThorsbroThesisFinal.pdf
25.
Moraes, Oscar Cavichia de.
Populações e evolução do bojo e região central da Galáxia.
Degree: PhD, Astronomia, 2012, University of São Paulo
URL: http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/14/14131/tde-30012013-113804/
;
► O presente trabalho propõe uma abordagem abrangente para descrever a evolução da região central da Via Láctea, compreendendo-se aí o bojo, a barra e as…
(more)
▼ O presente trabalho propõe uma abordagem abrangente para descrever a evolução da região central da Via Láctea, compreendendo-se aí o bojo, a barra e as interfaces dos mesmos com o limite interno do disco e com a região central do halo. Pretende-se investigar as propriedades químicas e cinemáticas destas estruturas, que são interconectadas, com o objetivo de separá-las e aplicar os resultados daí obtidos a um modelo de formação e evolução do bojo e da região interna do disco que descreva simultaneamente distintos aspectos da evolução da região central da Galáxia. Na primeira parte do trabalho, uma amostra de nebulosas planetárias (NPs) localizadas no disco interno e no bojo da Galáxia é utilizada para encontrar a distância galactocêntrica que melhor separa estas duas populações, do ponto de vista das abundâncias. Foram utilizadas escalas de distâncias estatísticas para o estudo da distribuição das abundâncias na interface bojo-disco. A aplicação do teste Kolmogorov-Smirnov mostrou que, em média, a população interna não segue o gradiente radial de abundâncias do disco na direção do centro galáctico. Baseado neste estudo, propõe-se uma distância galactocêntrica de 1.5 kpc para definir a interface bojo-disco. Na segunda parte do trabalho, foram realizadas observações espectrofotométricas de 21 NPs localizadas na direção do centro da Galáxia com o telescópio SOAR. Estes objetos estão localizados bem próximos ao plano galáctico na direção central da Via Láctea, onde não existem dados de NPs na literatura. Os resultados mostram que as NPs localizadas nesta região apresentam baixas abundâncias de oxigênio comparadas com as NPs do disco interno e de outras regiões do bojo. Os resultados indicam que o bojo apresenta uma complexa composição de populações estelares. Por um lado, a presença de nebulosas com baixas abundâncias mostra que o bojo pode ter se formado a partir de um disco galáctico antigo através de uma evolução secular. Por outro lado, existem alguns objetos do bojo para os quais as abundâncias coincidem com o limite do gradiente radial do disco nesta região. Esta é uma evidência para um bojo composto por duas ou mais populações: uma originada do disco fino, e outra originada do disco espesso. Na última parte do trabalho propõe-se a inclusão de fluxos radiais de gás em um modelo de evolução química para simular os efeitos de uma barra localizada no centro da Galáxia nas distribuições de abundâncias, densidade de gás e taxa de formação estelar (SFR). Os resultados das simulações indicam que os modelos com fluxos de gás apresentam uma SFR mais alta no bojo e que os perfis da SFR e da densidade de gás na região central são melhor reproduzidos após a inclusão dos fluxos radiais no modelo. As simulações indicam ainda que o gradiente de abundâncias do disco é mais plano para o caso da inclusão da barra. Estes resultados indicam que a barra e os fluxos de gás exercem um importante papel na formação de estrelas no centro das galáxias espirais barradas.
This project proposes a comprehensive approach to describe the…
Advisors/Committee Members: Costa, Roberto Dell' Aglio Dias da.
Subjects/Keywords: abundâncias químicas; bulge; chemical abundances; chemical evolution; disk; espectroscopia; evolução química; Milky Way; nebulosas planetárias; planetary nebulae; spectroscopy; Via Láctea
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APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Moraes, O. C. d. (2012). Populações e evolução do bojo e região central da Galáxia. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of São Paulo. Retrieved from http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/14/14131/tde-30012013-113804/ ;
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Moraes, Oscar Cavichia de. “Populações e evolução do bojo e região central da Galáxia.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, University of São Paulo. Accessed January 17, 2021.
http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/14/14131/tde-30012013-113804/ ;.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Moraes, Oscar Cavichia de. “Populações e evolução do bojo e região central da Galáxia.” 2012. Web. 17 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Moraes OCd. Populações e evolução do bojo e região central da Galáxia. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of São Paulo; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 17].
Available from: http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/14/14131/tde-30012013-113804/ ;.
Council of Science Editors:
Moraes OCd. Populações e evolução do bojo e região central da Galáxia. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of São Paulo; 2012. Available from: http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/14/14131/tde-30012013-113804/ ;
University of California – Berkeley
26.
Lobaccaro, Peter.
Electrochemical Approaches to Renewable Energy.
Degree: Chemical Engineering, 2016, University of California – Berkeley
URL: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/2mn5z7hj
► Renewable energy is becoming an increasingly important component of the world’s energy supply as the threat of global warming continues to rise. There is a…
(more)
▼ Renewable energy is becoming an increasingly important component of the world’s energy supply as the threat of global warming continues to rise. There is a need to reduce the cost of this renewable energy and a future challenge to deal with the strain intermittent power sources like renewables place on the power grid. In this dissertation, electrochemistry is harnessed to address possible solutions to both of these issues. First, it is used to develop a low cost alternative photovoltaic material. Then, it is used to investigate the production of chemical fuel stocks which can be used for energy storage.In chapter 2, advances are made in the electrochemical deposition of indium (In) on molybdenum foil which enables the deposition of electronic-grade purity, continuous films with thicknesses in the micron range. As an example application, the electrodeposited In films are phosphorized via the thin-film vapor-liquid-solid growth method. The resulting poly-crystalline InP films display excellent optoelectronic quality, comparable to films grown from more standard vacuum deposition techniques. This demonstrates the versatility of the developed electrochemical deposition procedure.In the remaining chapters, renewable fuel production is investigated. First in chapter 3, molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is examined as a catalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Typically, high-cost synthesized MoS2 is used as the catalyst because the pristine MoS2 mineral is known to be a poor catalyst. The fundamental challenge with pristine MoS2 is the inert HER activity of the predominant (0001) basal surface plane. Here, we report a general thermal process in which the basal plane is texturized to increase the density of HER-active edge sites. The process generates high HER catalytic performance in pristine MoS2 across various morphologies such as the bulk mineral, films composed of micron-scale flakes, and even films of a commercially-available spray of nanoflake MoS2.In chapters 4-6, the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2R) is investigated as this reaction can produce hydrocarbons and alcohols as opposed to just hydrogen. First in chapter 4, the electrochemical cell, which is used to test the activity of CO2R catalysts, is scrutinized. The electrochemical cell is a mini-chemical reactor and it is important to monitor the reaction conditions within the reactor to ensure that they are constant throughout the study. I show that operating cells with high catalyst surface area to electrolyte volume ratios (S/V) at high current densities can have subtle consequences during CO2R, particularly as they relate to the bulk electrolyte CO2 concentration. By using the pH in the cell to measure the CO2 concentration, significant undersaturation of CO2 is observed in the bulk electrolyte, even at modest current densities of 10 mA cm-2. Undersaturation of CO2 produces large changes in the faradaic efficiency observed on copper electrodes, with hydrogen production becoming increasingly favored. I show that the size…
Subjects/Keywords: Energy; Chemical engineering; Carbon Dioxide Reduction; Hydrogen Evolution Reaction; Photovoltaic; Renewable Fuels; Solar Energy
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APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
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CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Lobaccaro, P. (2016). Electrochemical Approaches to Renewable Energy. (Thesis). University of California – Berkeley. Retrieved from http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/2mn5z7hj
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Lobaccaro, Peter. “Electrochemical Approaches to Renewable Energy.” 2016. Thesis, University of California – Berkeley. Accessed January 17, 2021.
http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/2mn5z7hj.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Lobaccaro, Peter. “Electrochemical Approaches to Renewable Energy.” 2016. Web. 17 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Lobaccaro P. Electrochemical Approaches to Renewable Energy. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of California – Berkeley; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 17].
Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/2mn5z7hj.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Lobaccaro P. Electrochemical Approaches to Renewable Energy. [Thesis]. University of California – Berkeley; 2016. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/2mn5z7hj
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of California – Berkeley
27.
Ferrier, Ken.
Effects of climate, physical erosion, parent mineralogy, and dust on chemical erosion rates in mountainous terrain.
Degree: Earth & Planetary Science, 2009, University of California – Berkeley
URL: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/20d1v3p2
► Chemical weathering influences many components of the Earth system, from nutrient supply to landscape evolution to long-term climate. Despite considerable advances in understanding what controls…
(more)
▼ Chemical weathering influences many components of the Earth system, from nutrient supply to landscape evolution to long-term climate. Despite considerable advances in understanding what controls chemical weathering in theoretical models and laboratory experiments, there is still much uncertainty surrounding the controls of chemical weathering in nature. Here I present several studies on chemical erosion rates in steep, eroding terrain. In Chapter 2, I present a 1-D numerical model for the evolution of soil mineralogy on an eroding hillslope, to quantify how much fluctuations in physical erosion rates should affect soil composition and thus estimates of chemical erosion rates inferred from soil composition. In Chapter 3, I combine new measurements of mineral abundances in soil, saprolite, and bedrock with prior measurements of soil production rates, dust deposition rates, and chemical composition in soil, saprolite, bedrock, and dust at an intensely weathered site in Puerto Rico. These data suggest this suite of measurements can — for abundant, soluble mineral phases — produce estimates of long-term mineral-specific weathering rates with uncertainties smaller than 20% of the mean. Lastly, I discuss new measurements of soil production rates and rock and soil composition along two steep altitudinal (and hence climatic) transects in the Idaho Batholith. In Chapter 4, I show how these data may be combined with measurements of dust composition to quantify long-term dust deposition rates. Under the assumption that mafic-rich dust from the nearby Palouse loess has been mixed into the otherwise granitic Idaho soils, I calculate dust deposition rates of 3-13 t km-2 yr-1 at our field sites, consistent with modern dust deposition rates measured elsewhere in the western United States. In Chapter 5, I show that mean annual soil temperature exerts no discernible effect on chemical erosion rates or on the degree of chemical weathering across these Idaho field sites. These measurements also show that the degree of chemical weathering, but not the rate of chemical erosion, increases with (a) the annual duration of wet conditions in the soil, and (b) soil residence time. Contrary to many prior measurements in similar terrain, these measurements are consistent with kinetic-limited weathering, rather than supply-limited weathering.
Subjects/Keywords: Geomorphology; Geochemistry; Geology; chemical erosion rate; climate; landscape evolution; mineral weathering; numerical model; physical erosion
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APA ·
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CSE |
Export
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Ferrier, K. (2009). Effects of climate, physical erosion, parent mineralogy, and dust on chemical erosion rates in mountainous terrain. (Thesis). University of California – Berkeley. Retrieved from http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/20d1v3p2
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Ferrier, Ken. “Effects of climate, physical erosion, parent mineralogy, and dust on chemical erosion rates in mountainous terrain.” 2009. Thesis, University of California – Berkeley. Accessed January 17, 2021.
http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/20d1v3p2.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Ferrier, Ken. “Effects of climate, physical erosion, parent mineralogy, and dust on chemical erosion rates in mountainous terrain.” 2009. Web. 17 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Ferrier K. Effects of climate, physical erosion, parent mineralogy, and dust on chemical erosion rates in mountainous terrain. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of California – Berkeley; 2009. [cited 2021 Jan 17].
Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/20d1v3p2.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Ferrier K. Effects of climate, physical erosion, parent mineralogy, and dust on chemical erosion rates in mountainous terrain. [Thesis]. University of California – Berkeley; 2009. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/20d1v3p2
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
28.
Moraes, Oscar Cavichia de.
Abundâncias químicas de nebulosas planetárias na conexão bojo-disco.
Degree: Mestrado, Astronomia, 2008, University of São Paulo
URL: http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/14/14131/tde-13052008-144737/
;
► Este trabalho constituiu-se da análise de abundâncias químicas de nebulosas planetárias localizadas na conexão bojo-disco, onde se dá o encontro das características do bojo, tais…
(more)
▼ Este trabalho constituiu-se da análise de abundâncias químicas de nebulosas planetárias localizadas na conexão bojo-disco, onde se dá o encontro das características do bojo, tais como a diversidade de abundâncias, com as do disco, tais como o limite interno do gradiente radial de abundâncias. Em particular, o estudo de nebulosas planetárias nesta região traz informações importantes a respeito das abundâncias de elementos tais como He, O, Ne, Ar, S e de sua evolução associada à evolução das estrelas de massa intermediária. Novas abundâncias foram derivadas a partir de observações espectrofotométricas no telescópio Perkin-Elmer de 1.60 m do Laboratório Nacional de Astrofísica (LNA) em Minas Gerais, Brasil. Foram observadas nebulosas planetárias selecionadas através da localização na direção do centro da Galáxia, diâmetro angular no óptico e fluxo em rádio. A comparação entre as abundâncias obtidas neste trabalho com outros trabalhos da literatura mostrou que as distribuições das abundâncias são compatíveis. Para o estudo da distribuição das abundâncias na conexão utilizou-se as escalas de distância de Maciel & Pottasch (1980), Cahn et al. (1992) e Zhang (1995). A separação das nebulosas planetárias do bojo e do disco mostrou que em média as do bojo apresentam menores abundâncias se comparadas as disco interno, para as escalas de Cahn et al. (1992) e Zhang (1995). Contudo esta separação não é superior aos erros na obtenção das abundâncias, indicando apenas uma tendência. Através deste estudo encontrou-se uma distância de separação entre as propriedades químicas destas regiões. Para a primeira escala esta distância é de 2.9 kpc e para a segunda de 1.5 kpc. Sendo que o valor de 2.9 kpc concorda com resultados independentes. A escala de Maciel & Pottasch (1980) não apresentou resultados conclusivos a respeito da distribuição das abundâncias entre estas estruturas.
This project consisted in a spectrophotometric investigation of planetary nebulae located at the bulge-disk connection of the Milk Way, where the bulge and disk characteristics such as chemical and kinematic properties should intersect. In particular, the study of planetary nebulae in the bulge-disk connection brings important informations about the chemical abundances of elements such as He,N,O,S,Ar,Ne and the evolution of these abundances, associated with the evolution of intermediate-mass stars, as well as for the chemical evolution of the Galaxy. New abundances were derived from spectrophotometric observations at the Perkin-Elmer 1.6 m telescope of Laboratório Nacional de Astrofísica - Brazil. The objects were selected according to their location toward the Galactic center, angular diameter, and radio flux. The data show a good agreement with some other results in the literature, in the sense that the distribution of the abundances is similar to those works. Statistical distance scales from Maciel & Pottasch (1980), Cahn et al. (1992), and Zhang (1995) were used to study the distribution of chemical abundances in the bulge-disk connection. Making…
Advisors/Committee Members: Costa, Roberto Dell' Aglio Dias da.
Subjects/Keywords: nebulosas planetárias espectrofotometria galáxia evolução química; planetary nebulae spectrophotometry galaxy chemical evolution
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APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
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CSE |
Export
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Moraes, O. C. d. (2008). Abundâncias químicas de nebulosas planetárias na conexão bojo-disco. (Masters Thesis). University of São Paulo. Retrieved from http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/14/14131/tde-13052008-144737/ ;
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Moraes, Oscar Cavichia de. “Abundâncias químicas de nebulosas planetárias na conexão bojo-disco.” 2008. Masters Thesis, University of São Paulo. Accessed January 17, 2021.
http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/14/14131/tde-13052008-144737/ ;.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Moraes, Oscar Cavichia de. “Abundâncias químicas de nebulosas planetárias na conexão bojo-disco.” 2008. Web. 17 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Moraes OCd. Abundâncias químicas de nebulosas planetárias na conexão bojo-disco. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of São Paulo; 2008. [cited 2021 Jan 17].
Available from: http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/14/14131/tde-13052008-144737/ ;.
Council of Science Editors:
Moraes OCd. Abundâncias químicas de nebulosas planetárias na conexão bojo-disco. [Masters Thesis]. University of São Paulo; 2008. Available from: http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/14/14131/tde-13052008-144737/ ;
Cornell University
29.
Stamps, Glenn Francis.
CHEMICAL COMMUNICATION AND SPECIATION IN HAWAIIAN CRICKETS.
Degree: PhD, Neurobiology and Behavior, 2018, Cornell University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/59363
► The main objective of this doctoral dissertation is to explore the role chemical communication may play in the diversification of the Hawaiian swordtail crickets (genus…
(more)
▼ The main objective of this doctoral dissertation is to explore the role
chemical communication may play in the diversification of the Hawaiian swordtail crickets (genus Laupala). Laupala are known for their diversification in male acoustic signaling and associated female preferences. They also possess a complex courtship which includes extensive antennal interaction and during which the male gives nuptial gifts. Despite historically being seen as indiscriminate, males are predicted to make mating decisions under certain circumstances, such as when males are limited in the resources they are able to invest in females. Given that females are silent, males are likely using some other signaling modality, such as through contact pheromones on the antennae. Here, I tested the male use of
chemical cues in initiating mating decisions, the impact of these cues on species boundaries, and how pheromones may be evolving in relation to song. Using both gas chromatographic analysis and novel behavioral assays, I examined the hypothesis that male L. pruna are using
chemical signals to distinguish between males and females. I found that males and females differed quantitatively in their expression of shared peaks. Further, access to the antennae alone was sufficient cause aggressive behavior or courtship behavior towards males and females, respectively. I tested the hypothesis that males are using
chemical information to distinguish between species. I used L. pruna and a closely related species, L. kohalensis, and found low interspecific mating success.
Chemical analysis also determined that these species differed in their pheromone profiles. Males initiated courtship in the presence of conspecific, but not heterospecific female antennae. I explored the hypothesis that male song and CHC expression are evolving together. I found significant heterogeneity among populations in both signals. The distribution of these signals follows the nonlinear ages of the volcano, versus a simple isolation-by-distance model. Together, these experiments establish
chemical communication in male mate choice, demonstrate that differences in
chemical expression matter for species boundaries, and suggest that acoustic and
chemical signals may be coevolving early in the speciation of Laupala.
Advisors/Committee Members: Shaw, Kerry L. (chair), Seeley, Thomas Dyer (committee member), Raguso, Robert A. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: male mate choice; speciation; Behavioral sciences; Evolution & development; Biogeography; chemical communication; Entomology
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APA (6th Edition):
Stamps, G. F. (2018). CHEMICAL COMMUNICATION AND SPECIATION IN HAWAIIAN CRICKETS. (Doctoral Dissertation). Cornell University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1813/59363
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Stamps, Glenn Francis. “CHEMICAL COMMUNICATION AND SPECIATION IN HAWAIIAN CRICKETS.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, Cornell University. Accessed January 17, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1813/59363.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Stamps, Glenn Francis. “CHEMICAL COMMUNICATION AND SPECIATION IN HAWAIIAN CRICKETS.” 2018. Web. 17 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Stamps GF. CHEMICAL COMMUNICATION AND SPECIATION IN HAWAIIAN CRICKETS. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Cornell University; 2018. [cited 2021 Jan 17].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/59363.
Council of Science Editors:
Stamps GF. CHEMICAL COMMUNICATION AND SPECIATION IN HAWAIIAN CRICKETS. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Cornell University; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/59363
University of Michigan
30.
Minty, Jeremy J.
Microbial Production of Cellulosic Isobutanol: Integrating Ecology and Evolutionary Approaches with Engineering.
Degree: PhD, Chemical Engineering, 2013, University of Michigan
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/99954
► Biofuels derived from lignocellulosic feedstocks are widely considered to be among the most promising renewable fuels that can be produced at a large scale and…
(more)
▼ Biofuels derived from lignocellulosic feedstocks are widely considered to be among the most
promising renewable fuels that can be produced at a large scale and in a sustainable manner. However, many challenges exist. In this work, we aim to address two of them, which are interconnected under an overall goal of achieving efficient microbial conversion of lignocellulosic feedstocks to isobutanol, an advanced biofuel: i) enabling consolidated bioprocessing of lignocellulosic feedstocks to biofuels, through engineering synthetic microbial consortia; and ii) improving microbial stress tolerance, through genome
evolution and engineering.
Inspired by the versatility and robustness of ubiquitous natural microbial ecosystems, the
first part of our work explores engineering synthetic multispecies microbial communities for
cellulosic biofuel production. The required biochemical functions are divided between two
specialist organisms: the fungus Trichoderma reesei, which secretes cellulases to hydrolyze
lignocellulose into soluble saccharides, and the bacterium Escherichia coli, which metabolizes
soluble saccharides into isobutanol. We developed and experimentally validated a comprehensive
modeling framework, allowing us to elucidate key ecological interactions and develop mechanisms
for stabilizing and tuning population composition. To illustrate bioprocessing applications, we
demonstrate direct conversion of cellulosic feedstocks to isobutanol, achieving titers up to 1.86
g/L and 62% of theoretical yield.
In the second part, we leverage recent advances in DNA sequencing and genome engineering
technologies to decode and refactor microbial tolerance to isobutanol, a complex phenotype with a poorly understood genetic basis. We experimentally evolved isobutanol tolerant E. coli strains, and then used genome re-sequencing and functional dissection studies to reverse engineer mechanisms and genetic bases of tolerance. Next, we exploited our initial results to select genetic loci for targeted mutagenesis using Multiplex Automated Genome Engineering (MAGE), allowing us to refactor isobutanol tolerance and explore large genotype spaces for hyper-tolerant variants.
In summary, we have integrated ecology and evolutionary approaches with engineering to develop novel microbial systems for biofuel production. Our synthetic microbial consortium approach provides key advantages over the conventional paradigm of engineering a single microbe (“super-bug”); in parallel, our genome
evolution and engineering work has generated new insights
into genetic and biochemical mechanisms underlying microbial tolerance to toxic chemicals.
Advisors/Committee Members: Lin, Nina (committee member), Zhang, Jianzhi (committee member), Lenski, Richard (committee member), Mayer, Michael (committee member), Wang, Henry Yee-Neen (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Microbial Engineering; Cellulosic Biofuels; Genome Engineering; Microbial Consortia; Experimental Evolution; Synthetic Biology; Chemical Engineering; Engineering
Record Details
Similar Records
Cite
Share »
Record Details
Similar Records
Cite
« Share
❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Minty, J. J. (2013). Microbial Production of Cellulosic Isobutanol: Integrating Ecology and Evolutionary Approaches with Engineering. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Michigan. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/99954
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Minty, Jeremy J. “Microbial Production of Cellulosic Isobutanol: Integrating Ecology and Evolutionary Approaches with Engineering.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Michigan. Accessed January 17, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/99954.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Minty, Jeremy J. “Microbial Production of Cellulosic Isobutanol: Integrating Ecology and Evolutionary Approaches with Engineering.” 2013. Web. 17 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Minty JJ. Microbial Production of Cellulosic Isobutanol: Integrating Ecology and Evolutionary Approaches with Engineering. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Michigan; 2013. [cited 2021 Jan 17].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/99954.
Council of Science Editors:
Minty JJ. Microbial Production of Cellulosic Isobutanol: Integrating Ecology and Evolutionary Approaches with Engineering. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Michigan; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/99954
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