subject:(Carbon dioxide)

University of Georgia

1. Huang, Wei-Jen. Inorganic carbon distribution and dynamics in the Mississippi River plume on the northern Gulf of Mexico.

Degree: PhD, Marine Sciences, 2013, University of Georgia

URL: http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga_etd/huang_wei-jen_201305_phd

► The continental shelf, especially the river-dominated shelf, plays an important role in the global carbon cycle. Thirteen cruises were conducted to measure sea surface salinity,… (more)

▼ The continental shelf, especially the river-dominated shelf, plays an important role in the global carbon cycle. Thirteen cruises were conducted to measure sea surface salinity, temperature, and partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) on the Louisiana (LA) shelf, a shelf great influenced by the Mississippi and Atchafalaya River System (MARS) from 2004 to 2010. The result showed that the LA shelf was a sink of atmospheric CO2 , particularly strong on the eastern shelf, with a seasonal variation: strong in spring, weak during summer; shifting to a weak source in fall and back to near equilibrium in winter. In terms of salinity sub-divisions, the small low salinity region (S = 0 to 17) acted as a strong CO2 source to the atmosphere, the wide middle salinity region (17<S<33) acted as a CO2 sink, and middle-to-high salinity region (33<S<35) was near neutral to the atmosphere. The MARS plume was subjected to local wind forcing, thus the pCO2 spatial variation on the LA shelf was mostly dominated by this varied plume trajectory. The plume associated processes, including mixing, autotrophic and heterotrophic activities, and gas exchanges, further controlled the CO2 dynamics in the plume. A widespread plume in March 2010 induced by northerly wind forcing provided a clear example illustrating that the MARS plume was affected by wind forcing and transition from autotrophy to heterotrophy along the plume trajectory. The altered shelf circulation in July 2009 further demonstrated that not only surface water but also the bottom water conditions were affected, such as the extent of hypoxia (dissolved oxygen less than 2 mg L-1). This study also revealed that the Mississippi riverine nitrate plus nitrite fluxes were positively correlated with the magnitude of the CO2 sink in the Louisiana Bight, providing the first quantitative estimation of the relationship between the anthropogenic export nitrogen and air-sea CO2 fluxes. To sum up, this dissertation describes the CO2 dynamics under river-to-sea interaction and also air-to-sea interaction, i.e. the local wind forcing dominated the river plume trajectory while the transition from autotrophic to heterotrophic activities and the compensatory gas exchanges along the trajectory were largely responsible the CO2 variation in the plume. Advisors/Committee Members: Wei-Jun Cai.

Subjects/Keywords: carbon dioxide

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APA (6^th Edition):

Huang, W. (2013). Inorganic carbon distribution and dynamics in the Mississippi River plume on the northern Gulf of Mexico. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Georgia. Retrieved from http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga_etd/huang_wei-jen_201305_phd

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Huang, Wei-Jen. “Inorganic carbon distribution and dynamics in the Mississippi River plume on the northern Gulf of Mexico.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Georgia. Accessed February 26, 2020. http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga_etd/huang_wei-jen_201305_phd.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Huang, Wei-Jen. “Inorganic carbon distribution and dynamics in the Mississippi River plume on the northern Gulf of Mexico.” 2013. Web. 26 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

Huang W. Inorganic carbon distribution and dynamics in the Mississippi River plume on the northern Gulf of Mexico. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Georgia; 2013. [cited 2020 Feb 26]. Available from: http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga_etd/huang_wei-jen_201305_phd.

Council of Science Editors:

Huang W. Inorganic carbon distribution and dynamics in the Mississippi River plume on the northern Gulf of Mexico. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Georgia; 2013. Available from: http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga_etd/huang_wei-jen_201305_phd

University of Georgia

2. Chen, Baoshan. Responses of marine carbonate system to warming and sea-ice retreat in the pacific sector of the Arctic Ocean.

Degree: PhD, Marine Sciences, 2015, University of Georgia

URL: http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga_etd/chen_baoshan_201505_phd

► The Arctic Ocean, particularly the Pacific sector of the Arctic Ocean, plays an important role in the global carbon cycle. To evaluate temporal and spatial… (more)

▼ The Arctic Ocean, particularly the Pacific sector of the Arctic Ocean, plays an important role in the global carbon cycle. To evaluate temporal and spatial variations and controlling mechanisms of this ocean’s marine carbonate system in the responses to rapid sea ice retreat, two Chinese Arctic Research Expedition (CHINARE) cruises were conducted to measure dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), total alkalinity (TAlk), and partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) in summer 2008 and 2010. Through a direct high accuracy and precision comparison of field measurements of pCO2 to pCO2 values calculated from bottle measurements of DIC and TAlk and seven sets of dissociation constants, we concluded that calculated values agreed best with field measurements using the carbonic acid dissociation constants of Mehrbach (1.5 ± 5.7 µatm) or the constants of Lueker (2.3 ± 5.4 µatm) in a temperature range of –1.5 to 10.5 °C and a salinity range of 25.8 to 33.1. Quasi-conservative surface TAlk distribution indicated that Rivers contributed the majority of freshwater on shelves while sea-ice meltwater dominated in the Canada Basin. Low TAlk river water and ice meltwater determined the majority of the distribution pattern of the carbonate system. Biologically related pCO2 and DIC were decreased by biological production on shelves and in the partially ice-covered basin areas, particularly around the margins of sea ice cover. Both mixing model approach and field observations revealed that atmospheric CO2 invasion is the controlling mechanism which sustains high surface pCO2 in an ice-free Canada Basin. Continuously increased surface pCO2 due to air-sea gas exchange rapidly decreased the uptake capacity of CO2 from the atmosphere. Additionally, carbon cycling in the water column has latitudinal features and responded to various stages of sea ice melt, showing CO2 was fixed at the beginning of sea ice melt, then the carbon cycling was modified due to accumulation of freshwater in the surface with limited air-sea gas exchange, and finally, carbon uptake capacity was decreased due to limited nutrient supply and enhanced stratification and atmospheric CO2 invasion. Advisors/Committee Members: Wei-Jun Cai.

Subjects/Keywords: carbon dioxide

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APA (6^th Edition):

Chen, B. (2015). Responses of marine carbonate system to warming and sea-ice retreat in the pacific sector of the Arctic Ocean. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Georgia. Retrieved from http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga_etd/chen_baoshan_201505_phd

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Chen, Baoshan. “Responses of marine carbonate system to warming and sea-ice retreat in the pacific sector of the Arctic Ocean.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Georgia. Accessed February 26, 2020. http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga_etd/chen_baoshan_201505_phd.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Chen, Baoshan. “Responses of marine carbonate system to warming and sea-ice retreat in the pacific sector of the Arctic Ocean.” 2015. Web. 26 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

Chen B. Responses of marine carbonate system to warming and sea-ice retreat in the pacific sector of the Arctic Ocean. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Georgia; 2015. [cited 2020 Feb 26]. Available from: http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga_etd/chen_baoshan_201505_phd.

Council of Science Editors:

Chen B. Responses of marine carbonate system to warming and sea-ice retreat in the pacific sector of the Arctic Ocean. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Georgia; 2015. Available from: http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga_etd/chen_baoshan_201505_phd

University of Hong Kong

3. 盧旭; Lu, Xu. Electrochemical utilization of carbon dioxide : an investigation into intrinsic thermodynamics, microfluidic network and interface control.

Degree: PhD, 2016, University of Hong Kong

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10722/238865

► A microfluidic pH-differential reactor was developed in this study for multiple applications. Relying on a membraneless laminar flow-based design, co-flow fluids in the microchannel could… (more)

▼ A microfluidic pH-differential reactor was developed in this study for multiple applications. Relying on a membraneless laminar flow-based design, co-flow fluids in the microchannel could perform distinctive behaviors with high surface-to-volume ratios and super-fast mass transfer rates. pH environments in the cell were optimized independently to ensure the most favorable thermodynamics for different electrode reactions. This design addressed the major obstacles of current regenerative fuel cells, which have been limited by the high cost and poor round-trip efficiency. The cell allowed not only water electrolysis at a significantly lowered voltage, but also rendered an elevated open-circuit voltage in the fuel cell mode and high round-trip efficiency. Inspired by the highest performance to date for laminar flow-based cells, the integration of pH-differential technique onto a microfluidic platform was applied to the electrochemical conversion of CO2 to fuels, which were in need of major improvements regarding the efficiency and reactivity. Present experimental results demonstrated a promising solution to alleviate CO2 emission explosion via a pH-differential microfluidic reactor that could improve the thermodynamic property and raise the electrochemical outcome. Freed from hindrances of the membrane structure and thermodynamic limitations, electrode potentials were drawn closer to the equilibrium status at higher reactivity. During the conversion of CO2, the peak Faradaic and energetic efficiencies were monitored with noteworthy improvement, and hence, facilitating the thirst for a broader exploration. The feasibility study of the pH-differential microfluidic architecture for CO2 reduction was followed by a comprehensive parametric optimization. Experimental analysis was conducted to study the mechanisms and intrinsic correlations of key operation condition parameters. An investigation on the cell durability was also carried out in the way of repetitiveness and long period operation. A mathematical model was established to obtain an in-depth understanding of the intrinsic mechanisms, particularly with regard to the micro-level transport and the acid-base interface. Major limiting factors were considered, including mass transfer constraints, kinetic losses and overpotentials. Computational results were validated by experimental data. Based on the model, an extensive study on the slug flow formation principle was conducted to maximize the interfacial contact area between gaseous reactants and liquid electrolytes. Keeping the acid-base co-flow required continuous electrolyte flowing in the microchannel. Besides, neutralization reaction occurred within the mixing layer between the dual-pH electrolyte streams, demanding for higher flow rates to constrain the layer thickness. These led to considerable electrolyte wastage that would significantly weaken the low cost merit and electrolyte utilization efficiency. To tackle this issue, key parameters of electrolytes were tracked and monitored by mimicking different reactor…

Subjects/Keywords: Carbon dioxide

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

盧旭; Lu, X. (2016). Electrochemical utilization of carbon dioxide : an investigation into intrinsic thermodynamics, microfluidic network and interface control. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Hong Kong. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10722/238865

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

盧旭; Lu, Xu. “Electrochemical utilization of carbon dioxide : an investigation into intrinsic thermodynamics, microfluidic network and interface control.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Hong Kong. Accessed February 26, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/238865.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

盧旭; Lu, Xu. “Electrochemical utilization of carbon dioxide : an investigation into intrinsic thermodynamics, microfluidic network and interface control.” 2016. Web. 26 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

盧旭; Lu X. Electrochemical utilization of carbon dioxide : an investigation into intrinsic thermodynamics, microfluidic network and interface control. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Hong Kong; 2016. [cited 2020 Feb 26]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10722/238865.

Council of Science Editors:

盧旭; Lu X. Electrochemical utilization of carbon dioxide : an investigation into intrinsic thermodynamics, microfluidic network and interface control. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Hong Kong; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10722/238865

University of Johannesburg

4. Pera, Nicoletta. A comparative study of energy-related carbon dioxide emissions from South Africa and selected countries.

Degree: 2009, University of Johannesburg

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/1992

►

M.Sc.

Increases in carbon dioxide (CO2) and other atmospheric trace gases, such as methane (CH4), can attribute to what has been called greenhouse warming because… (more)

▼

M.Sc.

Increases in carbon dioxide (CO2) and other atmospheric trace gases, such as methane (CH4), can attribute to what has been called greenhouse warming because these compounds allow the sun’s energy to reach the surface of the earth, thereby warming it, while preventing much of that energy from being radiated to outer space. Over the past few decades, human activity has increasingly overloaded the Earth’s natural greenhouse system. Energy-related activities are the most significant contributor to greenhouse gas emissions. Emissions from fossil fuel combustion comprise the vast majority of these energy-related emissions. Carbon dioxide is the most significant greenhouse gas for South Africa. Due to the high content of coal in the energy mix, South Africa’s carbon emissions are proportionately greater in comparison with many other countries. The objective of this study is to study and analyse South Africa’s carbon emissions. This research will investigate: • South Africa’s historical trend in carbon emissions • Emissions by source and sector • The study will then deal with comparing South Africa’s energy-related carbon emissions to Argentina and Brazil which are similar middle-income developing countries and Australia and Spain which are developed countries • From here the study will focus on why South Africa’s carbon emissions differ, or are similar to, these other countries and • How South Africa’s carbon emissions impact on the total global carbon emissions. Included is a section discussing background information on the South African energy sector. Data for the South African study was calculated from the energy balances for the country for the study period. For the calculation of the carbon emissions for South Africa the IPCC top-down methodology was used. It can be seen that South Africa’s carbon emissions are still increasing. It was noted however that the values of the carbon emissions differ depending on which emission factors are used. For the International perspective information was obtained from the Internet and plotted on graphs. Information was obtained for the following countries: Argentina, Australia, Brazil, South Africa and Spain. From this study it was seen that South Africa’s carbon dioxide emissions are the highest out of all the countries in this study, while Argentina’s are the lowest. While most countries have energy conservation regulations, energy efficiency standards in South Africa are lacking. The process towards accession to the Kyoto Protocol in South Africa started in February 2000. The South African government has signed the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 1993. It has not yet ratified the Kyoto Protocol, but is currently in the process. This will however still take time and it is for this reason that the clean development mechanism holds the most promise for South Africa to participate in international greenhouse gas emission reduction projects.

Subjects/Keywords: Carbon dioxide

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APA (6^th Edition):

Pera, N. (2009). A comparative study of energy-related carbon dioxide emissions from South Africa and selected countries. (Thesis). University of Johannesburg. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10210/1992

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Pera, Nicoletta. “A comparative study of energy-related carbon dioxide emissions from South Africa and selected countries.” 2009. Thesis, University of Johannesburg. Accessed February 26, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/1992.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Pera, Nicoletta. “A comparative study of energy-related carbon dioxide emissions from South Africa and selected countries.” 2009. Web. 26 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

Pera N. A comparative study of energy-related carbon dioxide emissions from South Africa and selected countries. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Johannesburg; 2009. [cited 2020 Feb 26]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/1992.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Pera N. A comparative study of energy-related carbon dioxide emissions from South Africa and selected countries. [Thesis]. University of Johannesburg; 2009. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/1992

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

5. Rosengard, Sarah Z. Novel analytical strategies for tracing the organic carbon cycle in marine and riverine particles.

Degree: 2017, MIT and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1912/8658

► Particulate organic carbon (POC) in the ocean and mobilized by rivers on land transfers ~0.1% of global primary productivity to the deep ocean sediments. This… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Carbon; Carbon dioxide; Atmosphere

11 more images…

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APA (6^th Edition):

Rosengard, S. Z. (2017). Novel analytical strategies for tracing the organic carbon cycle in marine and riverine particles. (Thesis). MIT and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1912/8658

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Rosengard, Sarah Z. “Novel analytical strategies for tracing the organic carbon cycle in marine and riverine particles.” 2017. Thesis, MIT and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Accessed February 26, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1912/8658.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Rosengard, Sarah Z. “Novel analytical strategies for tracing the organic carbon cycle in marine and riverine particles.” 2017. Web. 26 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

Rosengard SZ. Novel analytical strategies for tracing the organic carbon cycle in marine and riverine particles. [Internet] [Thesis]. MIT and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution; 2017. [cited 2020 Feb 26]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1912/8658.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Rosengard SZ. Novel analytical strategies for tracing the organic carbon cycle in marine and riverine particles. [Thesis]. MIT and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1912/8658

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Aberdeen

6. Nowicki, Duncan Alexander. Hydroxyapatite in carbon capture and CO2 utilisation.

Degree: PhD, 2019, University of Aberdeen

URL: http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=243212 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.794120

► There is an immediate need for anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions to approach net-zero if the impacts of future climate change are to be mitigated. Whilst… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Hydroxyapatite; Carbon sequestration; Carbon dioxide

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APA (6^th Edition):

Nowicki, D. A. (2019). Hydroxyapatite in carbon capture and CO2 utilisation. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Aberdeen. Retrieved from http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=243212 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.794120

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Nowicki, Duncan Alexander. “Hydroxyapatite in carbon capture and CO2 utilisation.” 2019. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Aberdeen. Accessed February 26, 2020. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=243212 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.794120.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Nowicki, Duncan Alexander. “Hydroxyapatite in carbon capture and CO2 utilisation.” 2019. Web. 26 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

Nowicki DA. Hydroxyapatite in carbon capture and CO2 utilisation. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Aberdeen; 2019. [cited 2020 Feb 26]. Available from: http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=243212 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.794120.

Council of Science Editors:

Nowicki DA. Hydroxyapatite in carbon capture and CO2 utilisation. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Aberdeen; 2019. Available from: http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=243212 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.794120

University of Georgia

7. Kizhsevur Vijayan, Prabu Diravidan. Prolonging a high rate of succinate production in dual-phase fermentation using Escherichia coli AFP111.

Degree: MS, Biological Engineering, 2008, University of Georgia

URL: http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga_etd/kizhsevur-vijayan_prabu-diravidan_200808_ms

► The commodity chemical succinic acid (succinate) is currently produced frompetrochemicals. Succinate formed through microbial fermentation sequesters carbon dioxide andcould reduce dependence on fossil fuels. This… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Carbon dioxide sequestration

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APA (6^th Edition):

Kizhsevur Vijayan, P. D. (2008). Prolonging a high rate of succinate production in dual-phase fermentation using Escherichia coli AFP111. (Masters Thesis). University of Georgia. Retrieved from http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga_etd/kizhsevur-vijayan_prabu-diravidan_200808_ms

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kizhsevur Vijayan, Prabu Diravidan. “Prolonging a high rate of succinate production in dual-phase fermentation using Escherichia coli AFP111.” 2008. Masters Thesis, University of Georgia. Accessed February 26, 2020. http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga_etd/kizhsevur-vijayan_prabu-diravidan_200808_ms.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kizhsevur Vijayan, Prabu Diravidan. “Prolonging a high rate of succinate production in dual-phase fermentation using Escherichia coli AFP111.” 2008. Web. 26 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

Kizhsevur Vijayan PD. Prolonging a high rate of succinate production in dual-phase fermentation using Escherichia coli AFP111. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Georgia; 2008. [cited 2020 Feb 26]. Available from: http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga_etd/kizhsevur-vijayan_prabu-diravidan_200808_ms.

Council of Science Editors:

Kizhsevur Vijayan PD. Prolonging a high rate of succinate production in dual-phase fermentation using Escherichia coli AFP111. [Masters Thesis]. University of Georgia; 2008. Available from: http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga_etd/kizhsevur-vijayan_prabu-diravidan_200808_ms

8. Pidaparti, Sandeep R. A Computational Study on the Leakage of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide through Labyrinth Seals.

Degree: 2013, Texas Digital Library

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969; http://hdl.handle.net/2249.1/66777

► To meet future energy needs the use of alternative fuel sources are gaining popularity. The supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle has been proposed as a… (more)

▼ To meet future energy needs the use of alternative fuel sources are gaining popularity. The supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle has been proposed as a possible cycle for next generation nuclear and concentrated solar power generation. Large density fluctuations of carbon dioxide in the supercritical region can be exploited to maintain compressor inlet conditions close to the critical point and thereby, reducing the compressor work and the back work ratio. In order to improve the efficiency of turbomachinery equipment it is important to reduce internal leakage through seals. A computational study was performed to understand the leakage through seals subject to large pressure differential using Open source CFD software OpenFOAM. FIT (Fluid Property Interpolation Tables) program is implemented in OpenFOAM to accurately model the properties of CO_(2) required to solve the governing equations. To predict flow behavior in the two phase dome HEM (Homogeneous equilibrium model) is assumed to be valid. Effects of geometrical parameters and operating conditions are isolated from each other and a parametric study was performed in two parts to understand the effects of both geometrical parameters and operating conditions. Results of the geometrical parameter study indicated that the carryover coefficient of a seal is independent of pressure drop across the seal and is only a function of geometry. A model for carryover was developed as a function of c/s (clearance to pitch ratio) and w_(cavity)/c (cavity width to clearance). It has been identified that the major non-dimensional parameter influencing the discharge through an annular orifice is w_(tooth)/c (tooth width to clearance) and a model for Cd (discharge coefficient) can be developed based on the results we obtained. Flow through labyrinth seals can be considered as a series of annular orifices and cavities. Using this analogy, leakage rate equations can be written for each tooth and the mass flow rate can be modeled as a function of the discharge coefficient under each tooth and the carryover coefficient, which accounts for the turbulent dissipation of kinetic energy in a cavity. The discharge coefficient of first tooth in a labyrinth seal is similar to that of an annular orifice, whereas, the discharge coefficient of the rest of the tooth was found to be a function of the C_(d) of the previous tooth and the carryover coefficient. To understand the effects of operating conditions, a 1-D isentropic choking model is developed for annular orifices resulting in upper and lower limit curves on a T-s diagram which show the choking phenomenon of flow through a seal. This model was applied to simulations performed on both an annular orifice and a labyrinth seal. It has been observed that the theory is, in general, valid for any labyrinth seal, but the upper and lower limit curves on a T-s diagram depend on number of constrictions. As the number of constrictions increases these two curves move farther away from the critical point. Finally, some experimental results… Advisors/Committee Members: Reddy, J. N (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Supercritical carbon dioxide

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APA (6^th Edition):

Pidaparti, S. R. (2013). A Computational Study on the Leakage of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide through Labyrinth Seals. (Thesis). Texas Digital Library. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969; http://hdl.handle.net/2249.1/66777

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Pidaparti, Sandeep R. “A Computational Study on the Leakage of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide through Labyrinth Seals.” 2013. Thesis, Texas Digital Library. Accessed February 26, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1969; http://hdl.handle.net/2249.1/66777.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Pidaparti, Sandeep R. “A Computational Study on the Leakage of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide through Labyrinth Seals.” 2013. Web. 26 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

Pidaparti SR. A Computational Study on the Leakage of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide through Labyrinth Seals. [Internet] [Thesis]. Texas Digital Library; 2013. [cited 2020 Feb 26]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969; http://hdl.handle.net/2249.1/66777.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Pidaparti SR. A Computational Study on the Leakage of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide through Labyrinth Seals. [Thesis]. Texas Digital Library; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969; http://hdl.handle.net/2249.1/66777

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

9. Zhang, Yuanyuan. Carbon Dioxide Functionalization to Acrylate and Formate by Homogenous Mo and Fe Complexes.

Degree: PhD, Chemistry, 2015, Brown University

URL: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:674089/

► CO2 functionalization to commodity chemicals and molecular energy provide an powerful mechanism to leverage one of the world most abundant alternative sustainable carbon resources. This… (more)

▼ CO2 functionalization to commodity chemicals and molecular energy provide an powerful mechanism to leverage one of the world most abundant alternative sustainable carbon resources. This work focuses on the development of inexpensive earth abundant iron and molybdenum catalysts for the reduction CO2 toward two key commodity chemical targets: acrylate and formate. NaEt3BH reduction of (Triphos)MoCl3 afforded novel molybdenum tetrahydride species (Triphos)MoH4PPh3, which was found to promote CO2 functionalization to afford acrylate, propionate and formate species. Mechanistic study permitted control of the selective to the CO2-ethylene coupling product. Methods of acrylate elimination from the molybdenum center were also explored including the use of external bases and exogenous ligands. Strong bases and strong ligands such as CO or tBuNC, were found to induce acrylate elimination along with concomitant generation of acrylates and zero-valent molybdenum species. The reductive acrylate elimination studies may open pathways for catalytic acrylate generation. The nature of ancillary ligand flexibility on CO2-ethylene coupling at molybdenum complexes was probed by comparative reactivity of two PNP pincer ligands. The first isolable zero-valent (PhPNpyP)Mo(C2H4)2(CO2) exhibited no acrylate formation despite having the requisite components coordinate to the metal. Alternative and more flexible complexes, (PhPNagostic-CH3P)Mo0(C2H4)2 and (PhPNCH2P)Mo(H)(C2H4)2, were also studied. CO2 insertion into the Mo-H bond of (PhPNCH2P)Mo(H)(C2H4)2 produced (PhPNCH2P)Mo(C2H4)(κ2-CHO2), which proved a modest and rare catalyst for CO2 hydrogenation to formate with assistance of Lewis acid (LA). Further development of catalysts for CO2 reduction to formate pursued iron(II) carbonyl hydride complexes supported by either a bifunctional PNP ligand containing a secondary amine, or a PNP ligand with a tertiary amine that prevents metal-ligand cooperativity. Both of these species were found to promote the catalytic hydrogenation of CO2 to formate in the presence of Brønsted base. A remarkable enhancement in catalytic activity was observed upon addition of LA co-catalyst in both cases. For the secondary amine supported system, TON of approximately 9,000 for formate production was achieved, while for catalysts supported by the tertiary amine ligand, nearly 60,000 turnovers were observed; the highest activity reported for an earth abundant catalyst to date. Advisors/Committee Members: Bernskoetter, Wesley (Director), Kim, Eunsuk (Reader), Sun, Shouheng (Reader).

Subjects/Keywords: carbon dioxide functionalization

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APA (6^th Edition):

Zhang, Y. (2015). Carbon Dioxide Functionalization to Acrylate and Formate by Homogenous Mo and Fe Complexes. (Doctoral Dissertation). Brown University. Retrieved from https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:674089/

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Zhang, Yuanyuan. “Carbon Dioxide Functionalization to Acrylate and Formate by Homogenous Mo and Fe Complexes.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, Brown University. Accessed February 26, 2020. https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:674089/.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Zhang, Yuanyuan. “Carbon Dioxide Functionalization to Acrylate and Formate by Homogenous Mo and Fe Complexes.” 2015. Web. 26 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

Zhang Y. Carbon Dioxide Functionalization to Acrylate and Formate by Homogenous Mo and Fe Complexes. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Brown University; 2015. [cited 2020 Feb 26]. Available from: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:674089/.

Council of Science Editors:

Zhang Y. Carbon Dioxide Functionalization to Acrylate and Formate by Homogenous Mo and Fe Complexes. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Brown University; 2015. Available from: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:674089/

University of Manchester

10. Setterfield-Price, Briony Megan. Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide.

Degree: 2013, University of Manchester

URL: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:207603

► The work undertaken involved the exploration of CO2 electroreduction systems, focussing heavily upon electrocatalysis utilising an array of electrochemical, spectroelectrochemical and spectroscopic techniques.The identification and… (more)

▼ The work undertaken involved the exploration of CO2 electroreduction systems, focussing heavily upon electrocatalysis utilising an array of electrochemical, spectroelectrochemical and spectroscopic techniques.The identification and characterisation of a relatively inexpensive and simple electrocatalyst for CO2 reduction was achieved, with the optimisation and development undertaken in such a manner that not just the electrocatalytic species, but also the entire electrochemical system was investigated, in order to determine and better understand the roles played by the various components.The complex of interest, Mo(CO)4bpy, represents the first molybdenum based molecular electrocatalyst reported to be active toward CO2 reduction, despite the prominence of Mo in enzymes with analogous function. The electrochemical characterisation of the complex in the both the presence and absence of CO2 was undertaken, yielding valuable information on the redox behaviour of the complex within the non-aqueous system in which it was employed and highlighting previously unreported features such as a third reduction and new reoxidation attributed to the reoxidation of a tricarbonyl anionic species. Non-aqueous solvents were chosen as they provide greater CO2 solubility than water with portions of the investigation undertaken in tetrahydrofuran, THF, then moving to the less widely used N-methylpyrrolidone, NMP. NMP is significantly less volatile than THF and has a large negative electrochemical window so is ideal for looking at reduction processes and, importantly, is also used as a commercial CO2 scrubbing solvent.Upon addition of CO2 to the Mo(CO)4bpy system there was an observable lowering of the overpotential by over 300 mV, and significant increase in CO2 associated current when compared to that for ‘direct’ CO2 reduction within the same system, at the reduction potential associated with the first reduction of the tetracarbonyl bipyridyl species. The confirmation of the anionic radical as the active species was attained through DFT calculation and EPR spectroelectrochemistry. Under inert gas the spectrum rapidly generated upon application of the first reduction potential is consistent with the expected response for the radical anionic [Mo(CO)4bpy] •−. When the system is saturated with CO2 this radical is no longer detectable. This supports the idea that the unpaired electron is transferred from the [Mo(CO)4bpy]•− to the CO2 molecule and also suggests that this transfer is rapid as no adduct is detectable via EPR even at reduced temperature (240 K). This is in keeping with the rate constants calculated from the voltammetric measurements made. The stability and activity toward CO2 reduction exhibited by Mo(CO)4bpy displayed a strong dependence on working electrode material, with gold proving optimal, indicative of adsorption being significant in the process.Optimisation of both the catalyst structure and the solvent and electrolyte system were also explored, as well as the (somewhat less directly related) comparison of various sources… Advisors/Committee Members: Dryfe, Robert.

Subjects/Keywords: Electrochemistry; Carbon dioxide

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APA (6^th Edition):

Setterfield-Price, B. M. (2013). Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Manchester. Retrieved from http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:207603

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Setterfield-Price, Briony Megan. “Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Manchester. Accessed February 26, 2020. http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:207603.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Setterfield-Price, Briony Megan. “Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide.” 2013. Web. 26 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

Setterfield-Price BM. Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2013. [cited 2020 Feb 26]. Available from: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:207603.

Council of Science Editors:

Setterfield-Price BM. Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2013. Available from: http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:207603

Boston College

11. Drake, Jessica Lin. Exploration of Second Sphere Reactivity: Carbon Dioxide Hydrogenation and Applications of Bis(amidinato)-N-Heterocyclic Carbene Iron Complexes.

Degree: MS, Chemistry, 2015, Boston College

URL: http://dlib.bc.edu/islandora/object/bc-ir:104492

► Chapter 1. Overview of Carbon Dioxide Hydrogenation for the Production of Formic Acid As the world’s energy demands increase, our resources dwindle and the need… (more)

▼ Chapter 1. Overview of Carbon Dioxide Hydrogenation for the Production of Formic Acid As the world’s energy demands increase, our resources dwindle and the need for a sustainable energy source is pertinent. Our current energy infrastructure is dominated by fossil fuel use. Hydrogen, on the other hand, is potentially an ideal energy carrier as it is emissions-free when burned and can be used in fuel cells. Significant advances are still needed to develop more efficient ways to produce and store H2. The hydrogenation of CO2 to formic acid and/or methanol provides an encouraging and reversible approach for a hydrogen storage material. The first example of homogeneously catalyzed hydrogenation of carbon dioxide was in 1976. Over the past 40 years, there has been excellent progress in the development of catalysts for CO2 hydrogenation. Typically, homogenous catalysts found to be effect are 2nd and 3rd row transition metals of groups 8-10. In recent years, base-metals (common and inexpensive metals) have demonstrated promising results. This chapter is designed to highlight important discoveries throughout the history of carbon dioxide hydrogenation. Chapter 2. Development of a Transition Metal / N-Heterocyclic Carbene Cooperative System for the Hydrogenation of Carbon Dioxide to Formic Acid Over the past few decades, the conversion of small molecules such as H2, N2, O2, CH4, C2H4, CO, and CO2 have attracted considerable attention. Many of these molecules are thermodynamically or kinetically stable and their usefulness depends on overcoming significant barriers. Frustrated Lewis pairs and N-heterocyclic carbenes have become common strategies to activate unreactive small molecule likes CO2 and H2. However, a hybrid approach utilizing both a transition metal and an activator has only recently been investigated for the transformation of small molecules to more useful and complex compounds. A novel method for these transformations is the use of a bifunctional catalyst system that incorporates a Lewis basic N-heterocyclic carbene and a Lewis acidic transition metal. This chapter highlights our serendipitous discovery that small quantities of bicarbonate and other inorganic salts enhanced the productivity of formic acid in CO2 hydrogenation reactions. The phenomenon was general for many noble-metal catalysts and for one of the most efficient base-metal hydrogenation catalysts. Additionally, the synthesis of a transition metal complex bearing a pendant dihydroimidazolium salt is described. Stoichiometric and catalytic applications of the newly designed complex were explored in investigate our Lewis base / transition metal approach to small molecule activation. Chapter 3. Chemistry of Iron N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes N-heterocyclic carbenes are one of the most versatile ligands in organometallic chemistry due to their unique properties as ancillary ligands. Although NHCs are typically potent σ-donors (a) with minor contributions from π*-backdonation (b), they also have the ability to accept electron density from the metal… Advisors/Committee Members: Jeffery A. Byers (Thesis advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Carbon Dioxide Hydrogenation

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APA (6^th Edition):

Drake, J. L. (2015). Exploration of Second Sphere Reactivity: Carbon Dioxide Hydrogenation and Applications of Bis(amidinato)-N-Heterocyclic Carbene Iron Complexes. (Masters Thesis). Boston College. Retrieved from http://dlib.bc.edu/islandora/object/bc-ir:104492

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Drake, Jessica Lin. “Exploration of Second Sphere Reactivity: Carbon Dioxide Hydrogenation and Applications of Bis(amidinato)-N-Heterocyclic Carbene Iron Complexes.” 2015. Masters Thesis, Boston College. Accessed February 26, 2020. http://dlib.bc.edu/islandora/object/bc-ir:104492.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Drake, Jessica Lin. “Exploration of Second Sphere Reactivity: Carbon Dioxide Hydrogenation and Applications of Bis(amidinato)-N-Heterocyclic Carbene Iron Complexes.” 2015. Web. 26 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

Drake JL. Exploration of Second Sphere Reactivity: Carbon Dioxide Hydrogenation and Applications of Bis(amidinato)-N-Heterocyclic Carbene Iron Complexes. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Boston College; 2015. [cited 2020 Feb 26]. Available from: http://dlib.bc.edu/islandora/object/bc-ir:104492.

Council of Science Editors:

Drake JL. Exploration of Second Sphere Reactivity: Carbon Dioxide Hydrogenation and Applications of Bis(amidinato)-N-Heterocyclic Carbene Iron Complexes. [Masters Thesis]. Boston College; 2015. Available from: http://dlib.bc.edu/islandora/object/bc-ir:104492

McMaster University

12. Ren, Yiran. Poly(N,N-dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate-grafted silicon: protein resistance and response to carbon dioxide.

Degree: MASc, 2014, McMaster University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11375/16311

►

This thesis work focused on polymer modification of silicon surface to improve its resistance to protein adsorption. Surface modification was achieved through surface-initiated atom transfer… (more)

▼

This thesis work focused on polymer modification of silicon surface to improve its resistance to protein adsorption. Surface modification was achieved through surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) grafting of poly(N,N-dimethyl amino) ethyl methacrylate (PDMAEMA). Since PDMAEMA is CO2-responsive, CO2 cleaning of the modified surface was also investigated. SI-ATRP was chosen to graft PDMAEMA brushes on silicon surface for high graft densities and its good control of polymer molecular weight and polydispersity. Surface characterization of PDMAEMA-modified silicon surfaces included hydrophilicity, layer thickness and surface chemical elemental composition. Protein adsorption experiments were carried out to evaluate the protein resistance of the modified surfaces. Albumin adsorption from single protein solution, as well as from human plasma, decreased significantly after PDMAEMA grafting, and the adsorbed amount decreased with increasing polymer chain length. The maximum decrease in adsorption of 90% relative to the unmodified silicon, was reached at a graft layer thickness of 40 nm (measured in the dry state). Protein resistance in plasma showed PDMAEMA -modified silicon provided significant resistance to most of the tested proteins. Compared to the PEO-modified surface, the PDMAEMA surface showed much greater resistance to albumin adsorption, but, surprisingly, it adsorbed relatively large amounts of vitronectin and prothrombin. Vitronectin may have been degraded in contact with PDMAEMA-modified surface. Also, it was the only surface out of the four, which adsorbed significant amounts of prothrombin. These unexpected observations indicate further investigation will be required to fully assess the protein-resistant properties of these PDMAEMA surfaces. CO2-induced protein desorption was also studied. Cleaning experiments were performed by bubbling CO2 into vials containing the protein-adsorbed PDMAEMA-modified surface after 2 h protein solution exposure. Radiolabelling of albumin showed that the CO2 cleaning effectiveness was related with the PDMAEMA thickness. It was found that a surface with graft thickness 20 nm (dry) responded more strongly to CO2 than one with 15 nm thickness. Western blotting results confirmed that CO2 contributed to protein desorption from the PDMAEMA surface.

Thesis

Master of Applied Science (MASc)

Advisors/Committee Members: Brash, J.L., Zhu, Shiping, Biomedical Engineering.

Subjects/Keywords: PDMAEMA; carbon dioxide

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APA (6^th Edition):

Ren, Y. (2014). Poly(N,N-dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate-grafted silicon: protein resistance and response to carbon dioxide. (Masters Thesis). McMaster University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11375/16311

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Ren, Yiran. “Poly(N,N-dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate-grafted silicon: protein resistance and response to carbon dioxide.” 2014. Masters Thesis, McMaster University. Accessed February 26, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11375/16311.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Ren, Yiran. “Poly(N,N-dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate-grafted silicon: protein resistance and response to carbon dioxide.” 2014. Web. 26 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

Ren Y. Poly(N,N-dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate-grafted silicon: protein resistance and response to carbon dioxide. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. McMaster University; 2014. [cited 2020 Feb 26]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11375/16311.

Council of Science Editors:

Ren Y. Poly(N,N-dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate-grafted silicon: protein resistance and response to carbon dioxide. [Masters Thesis]. McMaster University; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11375/16311

13. Holcomb, Michael. Coral calcification : insights from inorganic experiments and coral responses to environmental variables.

Degree: 2010, MIT and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1912/3197

► Coral calcification is examined using a laboratory model and living corals. In the laboratory model, abiogenic aragonite formed at high saturation state (Ω>~20) had a… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Calcification; Carbon dioxide

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APA (6^th Edition):

Holcomb, M. (2010). Coral calcification : insights from inorganic experiments and coral responses to environmental variables. (Thesis). MIT and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1912/3197

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Holcomb, Michael. “Coral calcification : insights from inorganic experiments and coral responses to environmental variables.” 2010. Thesis, MIT and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Accessed February 26, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1912/3197.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Holcomb, Michael. “Coral calcification : insights from inorganic experiments and coral responses to environmental variables.” 2010. Web. 26 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

Holcomb M. Coral calcification : insights from inorganic experiments and coral responses to environmental variables. [Internet] [Thesis]. MIT and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution; 2010. [cited 2020 Feb 26]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1912/3197.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Holcomb M. Coral calcification : insights from inorganic experiments and coral responses to environmental variables. [Thesis]. MIT and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution; 2010. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1912/3197

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Colorado State University

14. Nelson, Robert R. Impact of aerosols on space-based retrievals of carbon dioxide, The.

Degree: MS(M.S.), Atmospheric Science, 2015, Colorado State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/166883

► This work describes an investigation into the impact of aerosols on space-based retrievals of the column-averaged dry-air mole fraction of carbon dioxide (XCO2). It was… (more)

▼ This work describes an investigation into the impact of aerosols on space-based retrievals of the column-averaged dry-air mole fraction of carbon dioxide (XCO2). It was initially hypothesized that a simplified non-scattering, or "clear sky", retrieval, which neglects scattering and absorption by clouds and aerosols, could potentially avoid errors and biases brought about by attempting to measure properties of clouds and aerosols when there are none present. Clear sky retrievals have the benefit of being orders of magnitude faster and potentially as accurate as "full physics" retrievals that attempt to gain information about clouds and aerosols. Real data from the Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) and simulated data from the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) were analyzed to find conditions under which a clear sky retrieval might perform as well as a full physics retrieval. It was found that for real GOSAT data the clear sky retrieval performed relatively well over land but not as well over ocean. The opposite conclusion was found for simulated OCO-2 data: it performed well over ocean but poorly over land. For both real GOSAT data and simulated OCO-2 data, high levels of filtering were needed for the clear sky retrieval to be able to perform nearly as well as or better than the full physics retrieval for both land and ocean surfaces. Spectral residuals were then examined to determine if the clear sky algorithm's performance was tied to errors in the spectral fitting. It was found that the clear sky retrievals had larger residuals than the full physics retrievals but that reducing the clear sky residuals by allowing them to fit for a customized residual pattern did little to reduce the XCO2 errors. It was also shown that even very clear scenes can result in small but detectable clear sky residual patterns. A comparison of cloud and aerosol properties measured by the XCO2 retrieval algorithm to aerosol optical depths from the AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) revealed that the algorithm is generally unable to accurately retrieve information about the amount of clouds and aerosols present. Using OCO-2 simulations, it was shown that the algorithm is also only somewhat able to retrieve the heights of the aerosol layers. Information retrieved about individual aerosol types was shown to be even less accurate. Finally, early work in this study prompted investigation into how sensitive the XCO2 retrieval algorithm is to the first guess of aerosol properties. χ² space was explored by varying the first guess of various aerosol parameters. It was revealed that the retrieved aerosol information and XCO2 values can be highly sensitive to the first guess of the state vector, indicating significant nonlinearity in the retrieval's forward model. Two main conclusions were derived from this work. The first is that an analysis of real GOSAT clear sky XCO2 retrievals and simulated OCO-2 clear sky XCO2 retrievals revealed that the clear sky algorithm is generally inferior to the full physics algorithm, except for… Advisors/Committee Members: O'Dell, Christopher W. (advisor), Denning, A. Scott (committee member), Kummerow, Christian D. (committee member), Lefsky, Michael A. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: carbon dioxide; aerosols

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APA (6^th Edition):

Nelson, R. R. (2015). Impact of aerosols on space-based retrievals of carbon dioxide, The. (Masters Thesis). Colorado State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10217/166883

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Nelson, Robert R. “Impact of aerosols on space-based retrievals of carbon dioxide, The.” 2015. Masters Thesis, Colorado State University. Accessed February 26, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10217/166883.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Nelson, Robert R. “Impact of aerosols on space-based retrievals of carbon dioxide, The.” 2015. Web. 26 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

Nelson RR. Impact of aerosols on space-based retrievals of carbon dioxide, The. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado State University; 2015. [cited 2020 Feb 26]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/166883.

Council of Science Editors:

Nelson RR. Impact of aerosols on space-based retrievals of carbon dioxide, The. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado State University; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/166883

University of KwaZulu-Natal

15. Ramanand, Sarisha. Carbon sink reforestation projects : a community perspective from KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.

Degree: MS, Geography, 2012, University of KwaZulu-Natal

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10413/9478

► Climate change has exacerbated environmental degradation processes, causing an imbalance in the natural concentrations in atmospheric greenhouse gases. This has resulted in a myriad of… (more)

▼ Climate change has exacerbated environmental degradation processes, causing an imbalance in the natural concentrations in atmospheric greenhouse gases. This has resulted in a myriad of socio–economic effects which have focused global attention on methodologies to reduce these effects, such as carbon sequestration. To achieve long term sustainability and success, community involvement in the technical and social aspects of carbon sequestration projects is necessary and must be acknowledged. One such mitigation methodology which incorporates the ideals of community proactive participation is carbon sink reforestation projects. This study is based on a community perspective of a carbon sink reforestation project, carried out in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The study provides a holistic perspective of the concept of carbon sequestration drawing together technical aspects of carbon sequestration reforestation projects and the inclusion of the role of communities. The methodology comprised of questionnaires with industry experts and a local community, following a thematic data analysis. The current perception from industry is that the South African government lacks significant technology, capacity and finance to effectively manage national forest carbon sequestration regimes. Project participants expressed the view that these types of projects provided a sense of belonging and hope and articulated their gratitude for the environmental knowledge they gained from the project experience. Technical and social aspects of such projects such as carbon calculations and participatory rural appraisal techniques enhance a country’s ability for successful implementation of such projects. Findings reveal a need for technology, capacity building and finance; and the effects participation in these projects has on individuals. This is followed by recommendations and a ‘How To Guide’ developed by the researcher. This guide intends to enhance the collaboration of the technical aspects and involvement of communities throughout the project implementation process. Carbon regimes in this century will continue to grow in size and complexity. Stakeholder participation will be a strong factor in the success or failure of carbon sequestration reforestation projects. Advisors/Committee Members: Trotter, Dayle Carey (advisor), Hill, Trevor R (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Geography.; Carbon dioxide sinks.

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APA (6^th Edition):

Ramanand, S. (2012). Carbon sink reforestation projects : a community perspective from KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. (Masters Thesis). University of KwaZulu-Natal. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10413/9478

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Ramanand, Sarisha. “Carbon sink reforestation projects : a community perspective from KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.” 2012. Masters Thesis, University of KwaZulu-Natal. Accessed February 26, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/9478.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Ramanand, Sarisha. “Carbon sink reforestation projects : a community perspective from KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.” 2012. Web. 26 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

Ramanand S. Carbon sink reforestation projects : a community perspective from KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of KwaZulu-Natal; 2012. [cited 2020 Feb 26]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10413/9478.

Council of Science Editors:

Ramanand S. Carbon sink reforestation projects : a community perspective from KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. [Masters Thesis]. University of KwaZulu-Natal; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10413/9478

University of Utah

16. Stwertka, Carolyn H. Carbon dioxide variability within the urban Salt Lake Valley: an observational and modeling study.

Degree: MS, Atmospheric Sciences, 2013, University of Utah

URL: http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/etd3/id/3469/rec/396

► A multiple-box model was designed to determine how anthropogenic, biological, and meteorologicalprocesses combine to produce diel cycles of carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations withinthe urban Salt… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Carbon dioxide; Meteorology; Model; Urban

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APA (6^th Edition):

Stwertka, C. H. (2013). Carbon dioxide variability within the urban Salt Lake Valley: an observational and modeling study. (Masters Thesis). University of Utah. Retrieved from http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/etd3/id/3469/rec/396

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Stwertka, Carolyn H. “Carbon dioxide variability within the urban Salt Lake Valley: an observational and modeling study.” 2013. Masters Thesis, University of Utah. Accessed February 26, 2020. http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/etd3/id/3469/rec/396.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Stwertka, Carolyn H. “Carbon dioxide variability within the urban Salt Lake Valley: an observational and modeling study.” 2013. Web. 26 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

Stwertka CH. Carbon dioxide variability within the urban Salt Lake Valley: an observational and modeling study. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Utah; 2013. [cited 2020 Feb 26]. Available from: http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/etd3/id/3469/rec/396.

Council of Science Editors:

Stwertka CH. Carbon dioxide variability within the urban Salt Lake Valley: an observational and modeling study. [Masters Thesis]. University of Utah; 2013. Available from: http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/etd3/id/3469/rec/396

University of Georgia

17. Paul, Michael. Effects of supercritical carbon dioxide and thermal processing conditions on phenolics, antioxidant activity, and yeast inactivation in muscadine and pomegranate juice.

Degree: MS, Food Science, 2009, University of Georgia

URL: http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga_etd/paul_michael_s_200908_ms

► Muscadine juice and pomegranate juice were processed with two pasteurization methods, supercritical and thermal processing, to determine their effects on antioxidant activity (ORAC) and total… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Supercritical carbon dioxide processing

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APA (6^th Edition):

Paul, M. (2009). Effects of supercritical carbon dioxide and thermal processing conditions on phenolics, antioxidant activity, and yeast inactivation in muscadine and pomegranate juice. (Masters Thesis). University of Georgia. Retrieved from http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga_etd/paul_michael_s_200908_ms

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Paul, Michael. “Effects of supercritical carbon dioxide and thermal processing conditions on phenolics, antioxidant activity, and yeast inactivation in muscadine and pomegranate juice.” 2009. Masters Thesis, University of Georgia. Accessed February 26, 2020. http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga_etd/paul_michael_s_200908_ms.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Paul, Michael. “Effects of supercritical carbon dioxide and thermal processing conditions on phenolics, antioxidant activity, and yeast inactivation in muscadine and pomegranate juice.” 2009. Web. 26 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

Paul M. Effects of supercritical carbon dioxide and thermal processing conditions on phenolics, antioxidant activity, and yeast inactivation in muscadine and pomegranate juice. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Georgia; 2009. [cited 2020 Feb 26]. Available from: http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga_etd/paul_michael_s_200908_ms.

Council of Science Editors:

Paul M. Effects of supercritical carbon dioxide and thermal processing conditions on phenolics, antioxidant activity, and yeast inactivation in muscadine and pomegranate juice. [Masters Thesis]. University of Georgia; 2009. Available from: http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga_etd/paul_michael_s_200908_ms

University of Alberta

18. Zhu, Ren. Role of Carbon Dioxide in Densification of Oil Sands Tailings.

Degree: MS, Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, 2011, University of Alberta

URL: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/th83m0804

► Carbon dioxide (CO2) was shown as a promising alternative for oil sands tailings treatment with economical and environmental benefits. This thesis aims to understand the… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: oil sands tailings; carbon dioxide

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Zhu, R. (2011). Role of Carbon Dioxide in Densification of Oil Sands Tailings. (Masters Thesis). University of Alberta. Retrieved from https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/th83m0804

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Zhu, Ren. “Role of Carbon Dioxide in Densification of Oil Sands Tailings.” 2011. Masters Thesis, University of Alberta. Accessed February 26, 2020. https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/th83m0804.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Zhu, Ren. “Role of Carbon Dioxide in Densification of Oil Sands Tailings.” 2011. Web. 26 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

Zhu R. Role of Carbon Dioxide in Densification of Oil Sands Tailings. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Alberta; 2011. [cited 2020 Feb 26]. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/th83m0804.

Council of Science Editors:

Zhu R. Role of Carbon Dioxide in Densification of Oil Sands Tailings. [Masters Thesis]. University of Alberta; 2011. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/th83m0804

Texas A&M University

19. Pidaparti, Sandeep R. A Computational Study on the Leakage of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide through Labyrinth Seals.

Degree: 2013, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/151884

► To meet future energy needs the use of alternative fuel sources are gaining popularity. The supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle has been proposed as a… (more)

▼ To meet future energy needs the use of alternative fuel sources are gaining popularity. The supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle has been proposed as a possible cycle for next generation nuclear and concentrated solar power generation. Large density fluctuations of carbon dioxide in the supercritical region can be exploited to maintain compressor inlet conditions close to the critical point and thereby, reducing the compressor work and the back work ratio. In order to improve the efficiency of turbomachinery equipment it is important to reduce internal leakage through seals. A computational study was performed to understand the leakage through seals subject to large pressure differential using Open source CFD software OpenFOAM. FIT (Fluid Property Interpolation Tables) program is implemented in OpenFOAM to accurately model the properties of CO_(2) required to solve the governing equations. To predict flow behavior in the two phase dome HEM (Homogeneous equilibrium model) is assumed to be valid. Effects of geometrical parameters and operating conditions are isolated from each other and a parametric study was performed in two parts to understand the effects of both geometrical parameters and operating conditions. Results of the geometrical parameter study indicated that the carryover coefficient of a seal is independent of pressure drop across the seal and is only a function of geometry. A model for carryover was developed as a function of c/s (clearance to pitch ratio) and w_(cavity)/c (cavity width to clearance). It has been identified that the major non-dimensional parameter influencing the discharge through an annular orifice is w_(tooth)/c (tooth width to clearance) and a model for Cd (discharge coefficient) can be developed based on the results we obtained. Flow through labyrinth seals can be considered as a series of annular orifices and cavities. Using this analogy, leakage rate equations can be written for each tooth and the mass flow rate can be modeled as a function of the discharge coefficient under each tooth and the carryover coefficient, which accounts for the turbulent dissipation of kinetic energy in a cavity. The discharge coefficient of first tooth in a labyrinth seal is similar to that of an annular orifice, whereas, the discharge coefficient of the rest of the tooth was found to be a function of the C_(d) of the previous tooth and the carryover coefficient. To understand the effects of operating conditions, a 1-D isentropic choking model is developed for annular orifices resulting in upper and lower limit curves on a T-s diagram which show the choking phenomenon of flow through a seal. This model was applied to simulations performed on both an annular orifice and a labyrinth seal. It has been observed that the theory is, in general, valid for any labyrinth seal, but the upper and lower limit curves on a T-s diagram depend on number of constrictions. As the number of constrictions increases these two curves move farther away from the critical point. Finally, some experimental results… Advisors/Committee Members: Reddy, J. N. (advisor), Ranjan, Devesh (advisor), Vierow, Karen (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Supercritical carbon dioxide; labyrinth seals

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APA (6^th Edition):

Pidaparti, S. R. (2013). A Computational Study on the Leakage of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide through Labyrinth Seals. (Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/151884

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Pidaparti, Sandeep R. “A Computational Study on the Leakage of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide through Labyrinth Seals.” 2013. Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed February 26, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/151884.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Pidaparti, Sandeep R. “A Computational Study on the Leakage of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide through Labyrinth Seals.” 2013. Web. 26 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

Pidaparti SR. A Computational Study on the Leakage of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide through Labyrinth Seals. [Internet] [Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2013. [cited 2020 Feb 26]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/151884.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Pidaparti SR. A Computational Study on the Leakage of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide through Labyrinth Seals. [Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/151884

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Texas A&M University

20. Tovar, Francisco. Experimental Investigation on the Use of Water Soluble Polyacrylamides as Thickeners During CO_(2) WAG EOR.

Degree: 2014, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/153449

► CO_(2) flooding often results in poor sweep efficiency due to the high mobility ratio caused by its low viscosity. To mitigate this problem, alternate injection… (more)

▼ CO_(2) flooding often results in poor sweep efficiency due to the high mobility ratio caused by its low viscosity. To mitigate this problem, alternate injection of water and CO_(2) slugs (WAG) is widely applied. Recently, numerical simulation and core flood experiments in heavy oil indicate that the use of chemicals in the water slug may improve mobility control during WAG. Therefore, stability studies of common polymers used for EOR applications in CO_(2) saturated environments becomes necessary. Also, the possibility to extrapolate the benefits observed in heavy oil to light and medium oil reservoirs needs to be assessed as they gather the majority of the existing CO_(2) applications. This thesis presents an evaluation of the use of polymers as water thickeners during CO_(2). The work has been divided into three stages: An investigation on the stability of acrylamide based polymers exposed to CO_(2) for 328 days at 122 ?F. The determination of the MMP for the system crude oil ? CO_(2) using the slim tubing technique in a fast approach that employs a short column of 20 ft in length. And the execution of 12 core flooding experiments under miscible and immiscible conditions, in homogeneous and heterogeneous rock. We conclude that polyacrylamide based polymers can resist the presence of CO_(2). HPAM was able to retain 54% of its original viscosity after 215 days at 122 ?F. PAM - ATBS increased its viscosity to 104% of its original viscosity after 328 days. A MMP of 1563 psia was calculated, which has a good correlation to previous laboratory measurements and EOS predictions for live oil. The core flooding experiments gave insights regarding the role of miscibility, frontal advance rate, heterogeneity and water viscosity on the viscous fingering of CO_(2) into the oil and suggested that thickening the water during WAG could be beneficial in highly heterogeneous formations. The limitations to scale reservoir heterogeneity prevented us to reach a fully understanding of the process. An approach combining numerical simulation with experimental work is recommended. Advisors/Committee Members: Barrufet, Maria A (advisor), Schechter, David S (advisor), Nars-El-Din, Hisham (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Carbon Dioxide; EOR; polymer

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Tovar, F. (2014). Experimental Investigation on the Use of Water Soluble Polyacrylamides as Thickeners During CO_(2) WAG EOR. (Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/153449

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Tovar, Francisco. “Experimental Investigation on the Use of Water Soluble Polyacrylamides as Thickeners During CO_(2) WAG EOR.” 2014. Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed February 26, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/153449.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Tovar, Francisco. “Experimental Investigation on the Use of Water Soluble Polyacrylamides as Thickeners During CO_(2) WAG EOR.” 2014. Web. 26 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

Tovar F. Experimental Investigation on the Use of Water Soluble Polyacrylamides as Thickeners During CO_(2) WAG EOR. [Internet] [Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2014. [cited 2020 Feb 26]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/153449.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Tovar F. Experimental Investigation on the Use of Water Soluble Polyacrylamides as Thickeners During CO_(2) WAG EOR. [Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/153449

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Aberdeen

21. Snell, Helen S. K. Using natural abundance 13C to determine the balance between plant and microbial CO2 production in soil.

Degree: PhD, 2015, University of Aberdeen

URL: http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=227607 ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.668982

► Microbial decomposition of soil organic matter (SOM) releases around 98 Pg of C (as CO2) to the atmosphere annually. Quantifying CO2 emissions from SOM is… (more)

▼ Microbial decomposition of soil organic matter (SOM) releases around 98 Pg of C (as CO2) to the atmosphere annually. Quantifying CO2 emissions from SOM is necessary to monitor and manage them but is complicated by proximate respiration of CO2 from plant roots, and by the influence of roots on SOM decomposition rate. Differences in the natural abundance of 13C in root and SOM-derived respiration (of < 10 ‰ in most temperate ecosystems) can be used to apportion their contributions to soil-surface CO2 efflux. However, this is challenging because all three δ13CO2 measurements are susceptible to significant sampling errors, which this study set out to identify and resolve, as follows. Respired CO2 sampled from excised roots is 13C-depleted by 1.8 ‰ (± 0.47) compared to intact roots due to the contribution of CO2 from root wounds. Root-respired δ13CO2 is more reliably measured using chambers around live, intact roots. These chambers also permit detection of diurnal changes in root-respired δ13CO2. Soil disturbance during sampling and root removal changes the carbon substrates available to microbes and this is reflected in a rapid (1-2 hours) decrease in δ13C of respiration of c. 4 ‰. This change can be regressed to estimate the δ13CO2 of microbial respiration from undisturbed soil. Techniques for measuring soil-surface efflux δ13CO2 induce method-specific biases of as much as 5 ‰, as measured in intact mesocosm soil and when simulated using a numerical diffusion model. Discrepancies between measurements and model predictions may be due to complexities of gas transport not currently accommodated in diffusion models, namely, near-surface advection and non-uniform soil diffusivity. Using improved techniques, this study used natural abundance 13C partitioning to assess priming effects, identify distinct environmental drivers of root-respired and SOM-derived CO2 fluxes, and detect differences in soil carbon cycling between tree species, possibly attributable to mycorrhizal type.

Subjects/Keywords: 570; Carbon dioxide; Soil microbiology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Snell, H. S. K. (2015). Using natural abundance 13C to determine the balance between plant and microbial CO2 production in soil. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Aberdeen. Retrieved from http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=227607 ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.668982

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Snell, Helen S K. “Using natural abundance 13C to determine the balance between plant and microbial CO2 production in soil.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Aberdeen. Accessed February 26, 2020. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=227607 ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.668982.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Snell, Helen S K. “Using natural abundance 13C to determine the balance between plant and microbial CO2 production in soil.” 2015. Web. 26 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

Snell HSK. Using natural abundance 13C to determine the balance between plant and microbial CO2 production in soil. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Aberdeen; 2015. [cited 2020 Feb 26]. Available from: http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=227607 ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.668982.

Council of Science Editors:

Snell HSK. Using natural abundance 13C to determine the balance between plant and microbial CO2 production in soil. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Aberdeen; 2015. Available from: http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=227607 ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.668982

22. Yang, Fengyuan. SUPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE (scCO2) PROCESSING OF DISPERSED POLYMER/CLAY NANOCOMPOSITES: STRUCTURAL AND BARRIER PROPERTIES.

Degree: 2014, Johns Hopkins University

URL: http://jhir.library.jhu.edu/handle/1774.2/37884

► Improved polymeric packaging materials have significantly economic and environmental impact on food, beverage and other industries. In this dissertation, we developed polymer/clay nanocomposites, by incorporating… (more)

▼ Improved polymeric packaging materials have significantly economic and environmental impact on food, beverage and other industries. In this dissertation, we developed polymer/clay nanocomposites, by incorporating impermeable layered silicates into polymeric matrix to enhance barrier properties. We utilized the unique properties of super critical carbon dioxide (scCO2) to exfoliate clay layers and improve polymer-clay interactions, which are two key challenges in the field of nanocomposites. Firstly, the scCO2 processing was applied to pre-disperse various commercial Cloisite® clays, the effects of scCO2 processing and chemical and physical properties of clay particles on clay pre-dispersion were investigated and the extent of clay pre-dispersion was assessed by SEM, WAXD and TGA. We found that the scCO2 processing results in pre-dispersion of organic modified clays regardless what kind of modifier on them. The degree of dispersion of different kind of clays actually is a competitive result between carbon dioxide philicity and modifiers interaction. In addition, TGA data confirm that the scCO2 processing does not remove surface modifiers from clays, which maintain good solubility of clay in organic solvent and compatibility with organic phase. Secondly, the pre-dispersed clay particles were solution blending with polystyrene (PS) to form nanocomposites, whose structural physical properties were characterized and evaluated by WAXD and TEM. The effects of scCO2 processing, clay dispersion, modification and fraction on improvements of physical properties such as rheology and barrier of nanocomposites were investigated. In addition, structure-barrier properties relationship was assessed based on several phenomenological models. In particular, we identified that 10A is the best reinforcement for improving PS barrier properties. Microstructural and barrier properties characterizations revealed that scCO2 processed clays prevent reorganization of platelets and lead to more homogenously clay dispersion with improved interfaces. As the increase of clay fraction and dispersion, gas permeation decreased continuously, in this study ~83% reduction of permeation had been achieved with 3.1 vol% of scCO2 processed clays with a calculated effective aspect ratio of 109. Finally, the concept of scCO2 processing reinforced polymer/clay nanocomposites based on PS matrix was translated to more complex melting extrusion of engineering polymers, such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and high density polyethylene (HDPE). The effects of scCO2 processing, clay dispersion, modification and fraction and temperature on improvements of structural and physical properties of matrix were investigated and discussed. 30B and 20A were identified as the best candidate for improving barrier properties of PET and HDPE respectively. Similarly, we found that scCO2 processed clays lead to more homogenously clay dispersion with improved interfaces. Nevertheless, unlike previous research, permeation of PET did not decrease continuously with increase of clay… Advisors/Committee Members: Rangaramanujam, Kannan (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Nanocomposites; Super critical carbon dioxide

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Yang, F. (2014). SUPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE (scCO2) PROCESSING OF DISPERSED POLYMER/CLAY NANOCOMPOSITES: STRUCTURAL AND BARRIER PROPERTIES. (Thesis). Johns Hopkins University. Retrieved from http://jhir.library.jhu.edu/handle/1774.2/37884

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Yang, Fengyuan. “SUPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE (scCO2) PROCESSING OF DISPERSED POLYMER/CLAY NANOCOMPOSITES: STRUCTURAL AND BARRIER PROPERTIES.” 2014. Thesis, Johns Hopkins University. Accessed February 26, 2020. http://jhir.library.jhu.edu/handle/1774.2/37884.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Yang, Fengyuan. “SUPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE (scCO2) PROCESSING OF DISPERSED POLYMER/CLAY NANOCOMPOSITES: STRUCTURAL AND BARRIER PROPERTIES.” 2014. Web. 26 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

Yang F. SUPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE (scCO2) PROCESSING OF DISPERSED POLYMER/CLAY NANOCOMPOSITES: STRUCTURAL AND BARRIER PROPERTIES. [Internet] [Thesis]. Johns Hopkins University; 2014. [cited 2020 Feb 26]. Available from: http://jhir.library.jhu.edu/handle/1774.2/37884.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Yang F. SUPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE (scCO2) PROCESSING OF DISPERSED POLYMER/CLAY NANOCOMPOSITES: STRUCTURAL AND BARRIER PROPERTIES. [Thesis]. Johns Hopkins University; 2014. Available from: http://jhir.library.jhu.edu/handle/1774.2/37884

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Oregon State University

23. Culberson, Charles Henry. Pressure dependence of the apparent dissociation constants of carbonic and boric acids in seawater.

Degree: MS, Oceanography, 1968, Oregon State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/28203

Subjects/Keywords: Carbon dioxide

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APA (6^th Edition):

Culberson, C. H. (1968). Pressure dependence of the apparent dissociation constants of carbonic and boric acids in seawater. (Masters Thesis). Oregon State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1957/28203

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Culberson, Charles Henry. “Pressure dependence of the apparent dissociation constants of carbonic and boric acids in seawater.” 1968. Masters Thesis, Oregon State University. Accessed February 26, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/28203.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Culberson, Charles Henry. “Pressure dependence of the apparent dissociation constants of carbonic and boric acids in seawater.” 1968. Web. 26 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

Culberson CH. Pressure dependence of the apparent dissociation constants of carbonic and boric acids in seawater. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Oregon State University; 1968. [cited 2020 Feb 26]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/28203.

Council of Science Editors:

Culberson CH. Pressure dependence of the apparent dissociation constants of carbonic and boric acids in seawater. [Masters Thesis]. Oregon State University; 1968. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/28203

Oregon State University

24. Kaster, Suzanne Snead Perry. Absorption of carbon dioxide in water using a multiple stage cross current packed column.

Degree: MS, Chemical Engineering, 1981, Oregon State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/42201

► A cascade crosscurrent column, packed with Pall rings, was employed for carbon dioxide absorption from a carbon dioxide-rich air phase by contacting with water. Absorption… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Carbon dioxide

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Kaster, S. S. P. (1981). Absorption of carbon dioxide in water using a multiple stage cross current packed column. (Masters Thesis). Oregon State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1957/42201

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kaster, Suzanne Snead Perry. “Absorption of carbon dioxide in water using a multiple stage cross current packed column.” 1981. Masters Thesis, Oregon State University. Accessed February 26, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/42201.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kaster, Suzanne Snead Perry. “Absorption of carbon dioxide in water using a multiple stage cross current packed column.” 1981. Web. 26 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

Kaster SSP. Absorption of carbon dioxide in water using a multiple stage cross current packed column. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Oregon State University; 1981. [cited 2020 Feb 26]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/42201.

Council of Science Editors:

Kaster SSP. Absorption of carbon dioxide in water using a multiple stage cross current packed column. [Masters Thesis]. Oregon State University; 1981. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/42201

Oregon State University

25. Jones, Mark Murrison. The solubility of carbon dioxide in waters of low alkalinity.

Degree: MS, Oceanography, 1969, Oregon State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/29013

► A graphical method, based on a set of acid-base titrations, is presented for the determination of the carbon dioxide speciation in natural solutions. The application… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Carbon dioxide

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APA (6^th Edition):

Jones, M. M. (1969). The solubility of carbon dioxide in waters of low alkalinity. (Masters Thesis). Oregon State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1957/29013

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Jones, Mark Murrison. “The solubility of carbon dioxide in waters of low alkalinity.” 1969. Masters Thesis, Oregon State University. Accessed February 26, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/29013.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Jones, Mark Murrison. “The solubility of carbon dioxide in waters of low alkalinity.” 1969. Web. 26 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

Jones MM. The solubility of carbon dioxide in waters of low alkalinity. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Oregon State University; 1969. [cited 2020 Feb 26]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/29013.

Council of Science Editors:

Jones MM. The solubility of carbon dioxide in waters of low alkalinity. [Masters Thesis]. Oregon State University; 1969. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/29013

University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign

26. Whipple, Devin T. Microfluidic platform for studying the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide.

Degree: PhD, 0300, 2011, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/26356

► Diminishing supplies of conventional energy sources and growing concern over greenhouse gas emissions present significant challenges to supplying the world???s rapidly increasing demand for energy.… (more)

▼ Diminishing supplies of conventional energy sources and growing concern over greenhouse gas emissions present significant challenges to supplying the world???s rapidly increasing demand for energy. The electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide has the potential to address many of these issues by providing a means of storing electricity in chemical form. Storing electrical energy as chemicals is beneficial for leveling the output of clean, but intermittent renewable energy sources such as wind and solar. Electrical energy stored as chemicals can also be used as carbon neutral fuels for portable applications allowing petroleum derived fuels in the transportation sector to be replaced by more environmentally friendly energy sources. However, to be a viable technology, the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide needs to have both high current densities and energetic efficiencies (Chapter 1). Although many researchers have studied the electrochemical reduction of CO2 including parameters such as catalysts, electrolytes and temperature, further investigation is needed to improve the understanding of this process and optimize the performance (Chapter 2). This dissertation reports the development and validation of a microfluidic reactor for the electrochemical reduction of CO2 (Chapter 3). The design uses a flowing liquid electrolyte instead of the typical polymer electrolyte membrane. In addition to other benefits, this flowing electrolyte gives the reactor great flexibility, allowing independent analysis of each electrode and the testing of a wide variety of conditions. In this work, the microfluidic reactor has been used in the following areas: ??? Comparison of different metal catalysts for the reduction of CO2 to formic acid and carbon monoxide (Chapter 4). ??? Investigation of the effects of the electrolyte pH on the reduction of CO2 to formic acid and carbon monoxide (Chapter 5). ??? Study of amine based electrolytes for lowering the overpotentials for CO2 reduction and suppressing undesirable hydrogen evolution (Chapter 6). ??? Investigation of the effects of reaction temperature on the Faradaic efficiency and current density for CO2 reduction on several catalysts (Chapter 7). These studies demonstrate the utility of this flexible reactor design and provide increased understanding of the electrochemical reduction of CO2 and the critical parameters for optimization of this process. Advisors/Committee Members: Kenis, Paul J. A. (advisor), Kenis, Paul J. A. (Committee Chair), Krein, Philip T. (committee member), Schroeder, Charles M. (committee member), Zhao, Huimin (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: electrochemical reduction; carbon dioxide

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APA (6^th Edition):

Whipple, D. T. (2011). Microfluidic platform for studying the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2142/26356

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Whipple, Devin T. “Microfluidic platform for studying the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide.” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign. Accessed February 26, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2142/26356.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Whipple, Devin T. “Microfluidic platform for studying the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide.” 2011. Web. 26 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

Whipple DT. Microfluidic platform for studying the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2011. [cited 2020 Feb 26]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/26356.

Council of Science Editors:

Whipple DT. Microfluidic platform for studying the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2142/26356

Loughborough University

27. Silvestre Gonzalez, Vanessa. An investigation of reaction parameters for carbon dioxide utilisation.

Degree: PhD, 2017, Loughborough University

URL: https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/24904 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.719246

► Carbon dioxide emissions per year have risen exponentially. It is widely known the contribution of CO2 to global warming phenomena, so storage/utilisation of carbon dioxide… (more)

▼ Carbon dioxide emissions per year have risen exponentially. It is widely known the contribution of CO2 to global warming phenomena, so storage/utilisation of carbon dioxide has become a topical issue and an emerging research area. Despite the fact that utilization of CO2 waste would not solve the problem of the huge quantities going to the atmosphere every year as only less than 1% of it could be reused for the industry, recycled carbon dioxide presents itself as a possible cheap and accessible chemical feedstock. The challenge on recycling CO2 is to minimize energy and cost efficiency of any suitable reaction. On previous investigations the electrochemical synthesis of 5-membered cyclic carbonate from epoxides was accomplished under mild conditions and optimized (1 atm CO2 pressure, 60 mA constant current and 50 °C heating). In order to understand the mechanism of this electrochemical process a deep investigation on the variables of the synthesis of cyclic carbonates was carried out and is presented in this thesis. The variables studied include electrochemical system conditions (application of current through Cu/Mg electrodes, electrodes connected on a closed circuit system with no current, an open circuit system where electrodes were there was no connection between them, and reactions without electrodes), temperature of reaction, solvent screening, catalysts, epoxide substituents, concentration of species and ratio of reactants. As a result of the variables optimization, a new, cheap, simple and relatively fast method (5 to 24 hours of reaction time) for cyclic carboxylation of epoxides with CO2 at atmospheric pressure in acetonitrile in the presence of ammonium salt (TBAI) at mild temperatures (50-75 °C) has been developed and improved. The concentration of the reactants, especially of the epoxide, was found to be the most important factor on the success of the reaction. The new reaction conditions also allow converting epoxides to carbonates without the help of any cocatalyst or electrochemical system obtaining excellent yields (50-100%) with the important saving on cost and energy of co-catalyst synthesis and recovery. Chlorostyrene oxide (1 M) reacted almost completely (94%) after 24 hours with TBAI (1 M), in 1 mL of acetonitrile at 75 °C and 1 atm pressure of CO2. Epoxide carboxylation under neat conditions was feasible, producing 44% of chlorostyrene carbonate from chlorostyrene oxide in the presence of TBAI at 75 °C and 1 atm pressure of CO2.

Subjects/Keywords: 546; Carbon dioxide; Recycling

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Silvestre Gonzalez, V. (2017). An investigation of reaction parameters for carbon dioxide utilisation. (Doctoral Dissertation). Loughborough University. Retrieved from https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/24904 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.719246

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Silvestre Gonzalez, Vanessa. “An investigation of reaction parameters for carbon dioxide utilisation.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, Loughborough University. Accessed February 26, 2020. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/24904 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.719246.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Silvestre Gonzalez, Vanessa. “An investigation of reaction parameters for carbon dioxide utilisation.” 2017. Web. 26 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

Silvestre Gonzalez V. An investigation of reaction parameters for carbon dioxide utilisation. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Loughborough University; 2017. [cited 2020 Feb 26]. Available from: https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/24904 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.719246.

Council of Science Editors:

Silvestre Gonzalez V. An investigation of reaction parameters for carbon dioxide utilisation. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Loughborough University; 2017. Available from: https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/24904 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.719246

University of Johannesburg

28. Barradas, Sean. CO2 activation and functionalization.

Degree: 2012, University of Johannesburg

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/5754

►

M.Sc.

An Acinetobacter sp. strain RFB1 isolated in our laboratory has been shown to have the ability to metabolise inorganic cyanide salts, CO 2, and… (more)

▼

M.Sc.

An Acinetobacter sp. strain RFB1 isolated in our laboratory has been shown to have the ability to metabolise inorganic cyanide salts, CO 2, and bicarbonate. The enzyme aggregate responsible for the conversion of these substrates, is located extra-cellularly. Resolution of the extra-cellular complex, a crude enzyme filtrate, was attempted in order to characterise the protein responsible for the reduction of CO 2. The crude enzyme filtrate was separated by means of molecular exclusion chromatography and afforded three fractions with molecular masses ranging from 76 000 to 191 000. Analysis by SDS-electrophoresis, showed that the first protein fraction contained more than ten proteins. Certain of these proteins were identified in the second fraction and other proteins in the third protein fraction. This implies that some denaturation already occurred during molecular exclusion separation. The functionali7ation of CO 2 by protein fractions 1 and 3 supports this argument, and, in addition , cyanide ions were only reduced by fractions 1 and 2. Fatty acids, ranging with chainlengths between C5 and C25, were shown to be present and certain fatty acids were unequivocally identified by GC-mass spectroscopy as the products resulting from CO2 functionali7ation and carbon-carbon bond formation. Ferrous ions, in an optimal concentration of 250 gg cm', were necessary and served as an essential ingredient of the reaction mixture. A rather unusual result was, however, that apart from an initial, relatively small uptake of Fe(II), significant amounts of Fe(III) were not formed and the Fe(II) concentration remained approximately constant during the reaction. This implies that the formed Fe(M) is rapidly reduced to Fe(II) again. Spectroscopic measurements, furthermore, strongly suggested the involvement of an iron-sulphur cluster in a cyclic redox process wherein both Fe(II) and Fe(III) are involved. Carefully conducted experiments pointed to light as the outside source of energy. Qualitative similarities with an artificial photosynthetic process, formulated earlier by J-M. Lehlliii, can be drawn and used partly to explain the experimental results.

Subjects/Keywords: Carbon dioxide; Reduction (Chemistry); Acinetobacter

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Barradas, S. (2012). CO2 activation and functionalization. (Thesis). University of Johannesburg. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10210/5754

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Barradas, Sean. “CO2 activation and functionalization.” 2012. Thesis, University of Johannesburg. Accessed February 26, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/5754.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Barradas, Sean. “CO2 activation and functionalization.” 2012. Web. 26 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

Barradas S. CO2 activation and functionalization. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Johannesburg; 2012. [cited 2020 Feb 26]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/5754.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Barradas S. CO2 activation and functionalization. [Thesis]. University of Johannesburg; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/5754

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Oregon State University

29. Gustafson, Steven Wayne. Effects of CO₂ enrichment during flowering and podfill on net photosynthesis, dry matter accumulation and yield of beans, Phaseolus vulgaris L.

Degree: PhD, Horticulture, 1983, Oregon State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/25518

Subjects/Keywords: Carbon dioxide

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Gustafson, S. W. (1983). Effects of CO₂ enrichment during flowering and podfill on net photosynthesis, dry matter accumulation and yield of beans, Phaseolus vulgaris L. (Doctoral Dissertation). Oregon State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1957/25518

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Gustafson, Steven Wayne. “Effects of CO₂ enrichment during flowering and podfill on net photosynthesis, dry matter accumulation and yield of beans, Phaseolus vulgaris L.” 1983. Doctoral Dissertation, Oregon State University. Accessed February 26, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/25518.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Gustafson, Steven Wayne. “Effects of CO₂ enrichment during flowering and podfill on net photosynthesis, dry matter accumulation and yield of beans, Phaseolus vulgaris L.” 1983. Web. 26 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

Gustafson SW. Effects of CO₂ enrichment during flowering and podfill on net photosynthesis, dry matter accumulation and yield of beans, Phaseolus vulgaris L. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Oregon State University; 1983. [cited 2020 Feb 26]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/25518.

Council of Science Editors:

Gustafson SW. Effects of CO₂ enrichment during flowering and podfill on net photosynthesis, dry matter accumulation and yield of beans, Phaseolus vulgaris L. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Oregon State University; 1983. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/25518

University of Manchester

30. Setterfield-Price, Briony Megan. Electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide.

Degree: PhD, 2013, University of Manchester

URL: https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/electrochemical-reduction-of-carbon-dioxide(ab3ef438-34b5-48ec-a573-fad658d8ff75).html ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.607382

► The work undertaken involved the exploration of CO2 electroreduction systems, focussing heavily upon electrocatalysis utilising an array of electrochemical, spectroelectrochemical and spectroscopic techniques. The identification… (more)

▼ The work undertaken involved the exploration of CO2 electroreduction systems, focussing heavily upon electrocatalysis utilising an array of electrochemical, spectroelectrochemical and spectroscopic techniques. The identification and characterisation of a relatively inexpensive and simple electrocatalyst for CO2 reduction was achieved, with the optimisation and development undertaken in such a manner that not just the electrocatalytic species, but also the entire electrochemical system was investigated, in order to determine and better understand the roles played by the various components. The complex of interest, Mo(CO)4bpy, represents the first molybdenum based molecular electrocatalyst reported to be active toward CO2 reduction, despite the prominence of Mo in enzymes with analogous function. The electrochemical characterisation of the complex in the both the presence and absence of CO2 was undertaken, yielding valuable information on the redox behaviour of the complex within the non-aqueous system in which it was employed and highlighting previously unreported features such as a third reduction and new reoxidation attributed to the reoxidation of a tricarbonyl anionic species. Non-aqueous solvents were chosen as they provide greater CO2 solubility than water with portions of the investigation undertaken in tetrahydrofuran, THF, then moving to the less widely used N-methylpyrrolidone, NMP. NMP is significantly less volatile than THF and has a large negative electrochemical window so is ideal for looking at reduction processes and, importantly, is also used as a commercial CO2 scrubbing solvent. Upon addition of CO2 to the Mo(CO)4bpy system there was an observable lowering of the overpotential by over 300 mV, and significant increase in CO2 associated current when compared to that for ‘direct’ CO2 reduction within the same system, at the reduction potential associated with the first reduction of the tetracarbonyl bipyridyl species. The confirmation of the anionic radical as the active species was attained through DFT calculation and EPR spectroelectrochemistry. Under inert gas the spectrum rapidly generated upon application of the first reduction potential is consistent with the expected response for the radical anionic [Mo(CO)4bpy] •−. When the system is saturated with CO2 this radical is no longer detectable. This supports the idea that the unpaired electron is transferred from the [Mo(CO)4bpy]•− to the CO2 molecule and also suggests that this transfer is rapid as no adduct is detectable via EPR even at reduced temperature (240 K). This is in keeping with the rate constants calculated from the voltammetric measurements made. The stability and activity toward CO2 reduction exhibited by Mo(CO)4bpy displayed a strong dependence on working electrode material, with gold proving optimal, indicative of adsorption being significant in the process. Optimisation of both the catalyst structure and the solvent and electrolyte system were also explored, as well as the (somewhat less directly related) comparison of various…

Subjects/Keywords: 541; Electrochemistry; Carbon dioxide

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Setterfield-Price, B. M. (2013). Electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Manchester. Retrieved from https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/electrochemical-reduction-of-carbon-dioxide(ab3ef438-34b5-48ec-a573-fad658d8ff75).html ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.607382

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Setterfield-Price, Briony Megan. “Electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Manchester. Accessed February 26, 2020. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/electrochemical-reduction-of-carbon-dioxide(ab3ef438-34b5-48ec-a573-fad658d8ff75).html ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.607382.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Setterfield-Price, Briony Megan. “Electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide.” 2013. Web. 26 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

Setterfield-Price BM. Electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2013. [cited 2020 Feb 26]. Available from: https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/electrochemical-reduction-of-carbon-dioxide(ab3ef438-34b5-48ec-a573-fad658d8ff75).html ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.607382.

Council of Science Editors:

Setterfield-Price BM. Electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2013. Available from: https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/electrochemical-reduction-of-carbon-dioxide(ab3ef438-34b5-48ec-a573-fad658d8ff75).html ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.607382

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