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University of Cambridge
1.
Morters, Michelle.
Improving rabies control in free-roaming dogs.
Degree: PhD, 2014, University of Cambridge
URL: https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/252882https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/252882/2/license.txt 
;
https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/252882/3/Morters%20doctoral%20thesis%202014.pdf.txt
;
https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/252882/6/Morters-2014-PhD.pdf.txt
;
https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/252882/8/Morters-2014-PhD_corrigendum.pdf.txt
;
https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/252882/4/Morters%20doctoral%20thesis%202014.pdf.jpg
;
https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/252882/7/Morters-2014-PhD.pdf.jpg
;
https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/252882/9/Morters-2014-PhD_corrigendum.pdf.jpg
► Canine-mediated rabies is a serious zoonosis responsible for at least 55,000 human deaths every year, primarily in less developed communities in Asia and Africa where…
(more)
▼ Canine-mediated rabies is a serious zoonosis responsible for at least 55,000 human deaths every year, primarily in less developed communities in Asia and Africa where domestic dogs are free-roaming. The disease can be effectively controlled through vaccinating at least 45% of the dogs in a population; however the impact of vaccinations on disease incidence may be affected by dynamic demographic and immunological processes. Specifically, the contribution of these processes, and their regulatory factors, to vaccination coverage and rabies transmission has not been comprehensively estimated. To improve rabies control, through field interventions and epidemiological modelling, more information regarding the effect of these processes, and their regulatory factors, on population and disease dynamics and vaccinal responses was needed. This required a multifaceted approach, using techniques from the fields of population ecology, vaccine-immunology, social science and epidemiological modelling. Demographic data were collected from four populations of free-roaming domestic dogs, two in South Africa and two in Indonesia where rabies is endemic. Longitudinal, individual-level data were obtained by direct observation and surveys, and community-level data by participatory methods. Longitudinal, serological data were collected from three cohorts within the populations. Epidemiological models were based on epidemic theory and empirical data from this current study and previous studies.
A wide array of data were generated relevant to planning rabies control programmes, however of particular importance was evidence regarding positive and negative the impacts of human factors on population and disease dynamics. Nearly all of the dogs were owned, despite being free-roaming, and were accessible for vaccination through their owners; and population size was regulated through human demand for dogs and a substantial fraction of dogs was acquired from outside the communities. These translocated dogs may contribute to the spread of rabies, necessitating widespread and sustained vaccination programmes. Considerable differences in the handleability of dogs between locations and, thus ease of vaccine delivery, may also be attributable to differences in human-dog interactions. Finally, a critical review of the literature, and evaluation of epidemiological models, suggests that human interference in the transmission processes may reduce the incidence of rabies and vaccination threshold.
This study has provided specific evidence that human behaviours are likely to be critically important in relation to the transmission and control of canine-mediated rabies – and is the first to properly identify this. Further detailed studies are required to explore these behaviours and how they vary culturally and geographically. In addition, the results highlight the critical role that demographic processes more generally, as well as immunological decay, play in influencing the long term success of rabies vaccination programmes. Overall, this research…
Subjects/Keywords: Rabies control; Dog; Canine
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APA (6th Edition):
Morters, M. (2014). Improving rabies control in free-roaming dogs. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Cambridge. Retrieved from https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/252882https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/252882/2/license.txt ; https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/252882/3/Morters%20doctoral%20thesis%202014.pdf.txt ; https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/252882/6/Morters-2014-PhD.pdf.txt ; https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/252882/8/Morters-2014-PhD_corrigendum.pdf.txt ; https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/252882/4/Morters%20doctoral%20thesis%202014.pdf.jpg ; https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/252882/7/Morters-2014-PhD.pdf.jpg ; https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/252882/9/Morters-2014-PhD_corrigendum.pdf.jpg
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Morters, Michelle. “Improving rabies control in free-roaming dogs.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Cambridge. Accessed February 25, 2021.
https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/252882https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/252882/2/license.txt ; https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/252882/3/Morters%20doctoral%20thesis%202014.pdf.txt ; https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/252882/6/Morters-2014-PhD.pdf.txt ; https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/252882/8/Morters-2014-PhD_corrigendum.pdf.txt ; https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/252882/4/Morters%20doctoral%20thesis%202014.pdf.jpg ; https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/252882/7/Morters-2014-PhD.pdf.jpg ; https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/252882/9/Morters-2014-PhD_corrigendum.pdf.jpg.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Morters, Michelle. “Improving rabies control in free-roaming dogs.” 2014. Web. 25 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Morters M. Improving rabies control in free-roaming dogs. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Cambridge; 2014. [cited 2021 Feb 25].
Available from: https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/252882https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/252882/2/license.txt ; https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/252882/3/Morters%20doctoral%20thesis%202014.pdf.txt ; https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/252882/6/Morters-2014-PhD.pdf.txt ; https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/252882/8/Morters-2014-PhD_corrigendum.pdf.txt ; https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/252882/4/Morters%20doctoral%20thesis%202014.pdf.jpg ; https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/252882/7/Morters-2014-PhD.pdf.jpg ; https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/252882/9/Morters-2014-PhD_corrigendum.pdf.jpg.
Council of Science Editors:
Morters M. Improving rabies control in free-roaming dogs. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Cambridge; 2014. Available from: https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/252882https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/252882/2/license.txt ; https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/252882/3/Morters%20doctoral%20thesis%202014.pdf.txt ; https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/252882/6/Morters-2014-PhD.pdf.txt ; https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/252882/8/Morters-2014-PhD_corrigendum.pdf.txt ; https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/252882/4/Morters%20doctoral%20thesis%202014.pdf.jpg ; https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/252882/7/Morters-2014-PhD.pdf.jpg ; https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/252882/9/Morters-2014-PhD_corrigendum.pdf.jpg
University of Cambridge
2.
Morters, Michelle.
Improving rabies control in free-roaming dogs.
Degree: PhD, 2014, University of Cambridge
URL: https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.16361
;
https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.675895
► Canine-mediated rabies is a serious zoonosis responsible for at least 55,000 human deaths every year, primarily in less developed communities in Asia and Africa where…
(more)
▼ Canine-mediated rabies is a serious zoonosis responsible for at least 55,000 human deaths every year, primarily in less developed communities in Asia and Africa where domestic dogs are free-roaming. The disease can be effectively controlled through vaccinating at least 45% of the dogs in a population; however the impact of vaccinations on disease incidence may be affected by dynamic demographic and immunological processes. Specifically, the contribution of these processes, and their regulatory factors, to vaccination coverage and rabies transmission has not been comprehensively estimated. To improve rabies control, through field interventions and epidemiological modelling, more information regarding the effect of these processes, and their regulatory factors, on population and disease dynamics and vaccinal responses was needed. This required a multifaceted approach, using techniques from the fields of population ecology, vaccine-immunology, social science and epidemiological modelling. Demographic data were collected from four populations of free-roaming domestic dogs, two in South Africa and two in Indonesia where rabies is endemic. Longitudinal, individual-level data were obtained by direct observation and surveys, and community-level data by participatory methods. Longitudinal, serological data were collected from three cohorts within the populations. Epidemiological models were based on epidemic theory and empirical data from this current study and previous studies. A wide array of data were generated relevant to planning rabies control programmes, however of particular importance was evidence regarding positive and negative the impacts of human factors on population and disease dynamics. Nearly all of the dogs were owned, despite being free-roaming, and were accessible for vaccination through their owners; and population size was regulated through human demand for dogs and a substantial fraction of dogs was acquired from outside the communities. These translocated dogs may contribute to the spread of rabies, necessitating widespread and sustained vaccination programmes. Considerable differences in the handleability of dogs between locations and, thus ease of vaccine delivery, may also be attributable to differences in human-dog interactions. Finally, a critical review of the literature, and evaluation of epidemiological models, suggests that human interference in the transmission processes may reduce the incidence of rabies and vaccination threshold. This study has provided specific evidence that human behaviours are likely to be critically important in relation to the transmission and control of canine-mediated rabies ? and is the first to properly identify this. Further detailed studies are required to explore these behaviours and how they vary culturally and geographically. In addition, the results highlight the critical role that demographic processes more generally, as well as immunological decay, play in influencing the long term success of rabies vaccination programmes. Overall, this research has provided…
Subjects/Keywords: 636.089; Rabies control; Dog; Canine
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Record Details
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Morters, M. (2014). Improving rabies control in free-roaming dogs. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Cambridge. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.16361 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.675895
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Morters, Michelle. “Improving rabies control in free-roaming dogs.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Cambridge. Accessed February 25, 2021.
https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.16361 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.675895.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Morters, Michelle. “Improving rabies control in free-roaming dogs.” 2014. Web. 25 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Morters M. Improving rabies control in free-roaming dogs. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Cambridge; 2014. [cited 2021 Feb 25].
Available from: https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.16361 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.675895.
Council of Science Editors:
Morters M. Improving rabies control in free-roaming dogs. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Cambridge; 2014. Available from: https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.16361 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.675895
University of Pretoria
3.
Ngoepe, Chuene Ernest.
Molecular epidemiological study of canine rabies in the
Free State province (South Africa) and Lesotho
.
Degree: 2011, University of Pretoria
URL: http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-11182008-153717/
► There are two rabies virus biotypes recognized in southern Africa namely; the canid and mongoose rabies virus biotypes. The host vectors of canid rabies biotype…
(more)
▼ There are two
rabies virus biotypes recognized in
southern Africa namely; the canid and mongoose
rabies virus
biotypes. The host vectors of canid
rabies biotype in South Africa
are domestic dogs, black-backed jackals and bat-eared foxes,
whereas the mongoose
rabies biotype is maintained by the yellow
mongoose. The canid
rabies virus was introduced into southern
Africa from Angola (1940s) and spread within the subcontinent,
firmly establishing itself in the domestic dog population in
Zimbabwe (1950s) and South Africa (1960s).
Canine rabies became
established in the coastal regions of South Africa (KwaZulu Natal)
in 1976 where it has been problematic ever since. Historical data
demonstrate that
canine rabies has spread from KwaZulu Natal into
the north-eastern corner of Lesotho in 1982, spreading throughout
the country and reaching the western border of Lesotho and South
Africa (FS province) in the mid-1980s without penetrating into this
region of South Africa. In contrast, the historical evidence
suggests that mongoose
rabies virus existed in southern Africa in
the early 1800s. Mongoose
rabies was confirmed in 1928 in South
Africa and since then was consistently diagnosed in the yellow
mongoose with apparent spill over into domestic animals on the
central plateau of South Africa. The FS province was mainly
associated with mongoose
rabies; however, recent studies utilizing
antigenic characterization have suggested an increase of the canid
rabies biotype of RABV since the late 1990s, peaking in 2002. The
aim of this investigation was to better understand the molecular
epidemiology of
canine rabies in the FS province by establishing
genetic relationships between
rabies viruses obtained from FS
province and Lesotho, with the purpose of determining the origin of
canine rabies into the province and the radiation of mongoose
rabies biotype of RABV into dog host. The coding region of
cytoplasmic domain of glycoprotein gene and G-L intergenic region
of 113
rabies viruses from FS province and Lesotho was amplified
and sequenced. It was found that canid
rabies virus isolates from
the FS province and those from Lesotho were very closely related
demonstrating a mean nucleotide sequence homology of 99%. This
result indicated a single overlapping epidemiological
rabies cycle
between the two regions. The results also confirmed that the spill
over of mongoose
rabies virus into dog host does not establish dog
to dog transmission and therefore leads to dead end infection.
Therefore parenteral vaccination of domestic dogs and cats remains
an important priority in any effort to control
rabies in these
regions.
Advisors/Committee Members: Nel, Louis Hendrik (advisor), Sabeta, Claude Taurai (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: South africa;
Free state;
Canine rabies;
Lesotho;
UCTD
Record Details
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Share »
Record Details
Similar Records
Cite
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Ngoepe, C. E. (2011). Molecular epidemiological study of canine rabies in the
Free State province (South Africa) and Lesotho
. (Masters Thesis). University of Pretoria. Retrieved from http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-11182008-153717/
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Ngoepe, Chuene Ernest. “Molecular epidemiological study of canine rabies in the
Free State province (South Africa) and Lesotho
.” 2011. Masters Thesis, University of Pretoria. Accessed February 25, 2021.
http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-11182008-153717/.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Ngoepe, Chuene Ernest. “Molecular epidemiological study of canine rabies in the
Free State province (South Africa) and Lesotho
.” 2011. Web. 25 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Ngoepe CE. Molecular epidemiological study of canine rabies in the
Free State province (South Africa) and Lesotho
. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2011. [cited 2021 Feb 25].
Available from: http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-11182008-153717/.
Council of Science Editors:
Ngoepe CE. Molecular epidemiological study of canine rabies in the
Free State province (South Africa) and Lesotho
. [Masters Thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2011. Available from: http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-11182008-153717/
University of Pretoria
4.
Ngoepe, Chuene Ernest.
Molecular
epidemiological study of canine rabies in the Free State province
(South Africa) and Lesotho.
Degree: Microbiology and Plant
Pathology, 2011, University of Pretoria
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/29551
► There are two rabies virus biotypes recognized in southern Africa namely; the canid and mongoose rabies virus biotypes. The host vectors of canid rabies biotype…
(more)
▼ There are two
rabies virus biotypes recognized in
southern Africa namely; the canid and mongoose
rabies virus
biotypes. The host vectors of canid
rabies biotype in South Africa
are domestic dogs, black-backed jackals and bat-eared foxes,
whereas the mongoose
rabies biotype is maintained by the yellow
mongoose. The canid
rabies virus was introduced into southern
Africa from Angola (1940s) and spread within the subcontinent,
firmly establishing itself in the domestic dog population in
Zimbabwe (1950s) and South Africa (1960s).
Canine rabies became
established in the coastal regions of South Africa (KwaZulu Natal)
in 1976 where it has been problematic ever since. Historical data
demonstrate that
canine rabies has spread from KwaZulu Natal into
the north-eastern corner of Lesotho in 1982, spreading throughout
the country and reaching the western border of Lesotho and South
Africa (FS province) in the mid-1980s without penetrating into this
region of South Africa. In contrast, the historical evidence
suggests that mongoose
rabies virus existed in southern Africa in
the early 1800s. Mongoose
rabies was confirmed in 1928 in South
Africa and since then was consistently diagnosed in the yellow
mongoose with apparent spill over into domestic animals on the
central plateau of South Africa. The FS province was mainly
associated with mongoose
rabies; however, recent studies utilizing
antigenic characterization have suggested an increase of the canid
rabies biotype of RABV since the late 1990s, peaking in 2002. The
aim of this investigation was to better understand the molecular
epidemiology of
canine rabies in the FS province by establishing
genetic relationships between
rabies viruses obtained from FS
province and Lesotho, with the purpose of determining the origin of
canine rabies into the province and the radiation of mongoose
rabies biotype of RABV into dog host. The coding region of
cytoplasmic domain of glycoprotein gene and G-L intergenic region
of 113
rabies viruses from FS province and Lesotho was amplified
and sequenced. It was found that canid
rabies virus isolates from
the FS province and those from Lesotho were very closely related
demonstrating a mean nucleotide sequence homology of 99%. This
result indicated a single overlapping epidemiological
rabies cycle
between the two regions. The results also confirmed that the spill
over of mongoose
rabies virus into dog host does not establish dog
to dog transmission and therefore leads to dead end infection.
Therefore parenteral vaccination of domestic dogs and cats remains
an important priority in any effort to control
rabies in these
regions.
Advisors/Committee Members: Nel, Louis Hendrik (advisor), Sabeta, Claude Taurai (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: South
africa; Free
state; Canine
rabies;
Lesotho;
UCTD
Record Details
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Share »
Record Details
Similar Records
Cite
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Ngoepe, C. E. (2011). Molecular
epidemiological study of canine rabies in the Free State province
(South Africa) and Lesotho. (Masters Thesis). University of Pretoria. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2263/29551
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Ngoepe, Chuene Ernest. “Molecular
epidemiological study of canine rabies in the Free State province
(South Africa) and Lesotho.” 2011. Masters Thesis, University of Pretoria. Accessed February 25, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2263/29551.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Ngoepe, Chuene Ernest. “Molecular
epidemiological study of canine rabies in the Free State province
(South Africa) and Lesotho.” 2011. Web. 25 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Ngoepe CE. Molecular
epidemiological study of canine rabies in the Free State province
(South Africa) and Lesotho. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2011. [cited 2021 Feb 25].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/29551.
Council of Science Editors:
Ngoepe CE. Molecular
epidemiological study of canine rabies in the Free State province
(South Africa) and Lesotho. [Masters Thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/29551
5.
Bellan, Steven Edward.
Applications of Data-driven Modeling to Infectious Diseases in Africa: Anthrax in Wildlife and HIV in Humans.
Degree: Environmental Science, Policy, & Management, 2012, University of California – Berkeley
URL: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/4xx9c4f0
► The goal of epidemiology is to identify the biological, behavioral, and environmental causes of health outcomes or diseases and apply this knowledge to the development…
(more)
▼ The goal of epidemiology is to identify the biological, behavioral, and environmental causes of health outcomes or diseases and apply this knowledge to the development of effective disease interventions. Diseases are complex phenomena that arise from various interacting processes, challenging epidemiologists and disease ecologists to extract important causal relationships from observational and experimental data. While data from properly designed experimental studies are the gold standard for assessing the existence of a causal relationship, such studies may be logistically or morally infeasible in many situations. Observational data has the advantage of generally being less invasive, cheaper, and more readily available. However, such data are often plagued by a variety of biases, challenging our understanding of the underlying dynamical processes. However, by explicitly modeling the observation and sampling processes in addition to the underlying biological and behavioral processes of interest it is often possible to understand the latter more rigorously. In this dissertation, I develop empirical and analytical methods to understand the dynamics of rabies virus, canine distemper virus, Bacillus anthracis, and the human immunodeficiency virus using observational surveillance data. Importantly, models are built from the data up with the focus being on what is known about the system from the data rather than other mechanistic processes for which we know little.
Subjects/Keywords: Biology; Health sciences; Animal diseases; anthrax; canine distemper virus; HIV; jackal; rabies; zebra
Record Details
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Record Details
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Bellan, S. E. (2012). Applications of Data-driven Modeling to Infectious Diseases in Africa: Anthrax in Wildlife and HIV in Humans. (Thesis). University of California – Berkeley. Retrieved from http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/4xx9c4f0
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Bellan, Steven Edward. “Applications of Data-driven Modeling to Infectious Diseases in Africa: Anthrax in Wildlife and HIV in Humans.” 2012. Thesis, University of California – Berkeley. Accessed February 25, 2021.
http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/4xx9c4f0.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Bellan, Steven Edward. “Applications of Data-driven Modeling to Infectious Diseases in Africa: Anthrax in Wildlife and HIV in Humans.” 2012. Web. 25 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Bellan SE. Applications of Data-driven Modeling to Infectious Diseases in Africa: Anthrax in Wildlife and HIV in Humans. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of California – Berkeley; 2012. [cited 2021 Feb 25].
Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/4xx9c4f0.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Bellan SE. Applications of Data-driven Modeling to Infectious Diseases in Africa: Anthrax in Wildlife and HIV in Humans. [Thesis]. University of California – Berkeley; 2012. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/4xx9c4f0
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Universiteit Utrecht
6.
Geerdes, J.A.C.
Dog population characteristics and rabies vaccination coverage at the wildlife interface in the Mpumalanga Province of South Africa.
Degree: 2014, Universiteit Utrecht
URL: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/292997
► Rabies is a zoonotic, rapidly progressive, fatal virus which targets the central nervous system and is mainly transmitted by bites and scratches from domestic dogs…
(more)
▼ Rabies is a zoonotic, rapidly progressive, fatal virus which targets the central nervous system and is mainly transmitted by bites and scratches from domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) acting as the main reservoir of disease. Not only dogs and humans play a role in the dynamics of
rabies, it is also known as a disease that is of conservation interest. Wild carnivore populations have been affected by
rabies virus over the past 20 years. The design and success of long-term
rabies control programs aimed at domestic dogs in developing countries may be affected by many factors such as high density populations and high turnover rates.
The objective of this study was to collect data through a household-level census in three rural communities in the sub-district of Bushbuckridge, Mpumalanga Province of South Africa, bordering a large privately-owned conservation area. With this data we aim to assess
rabies-vaccination coverage and other factors that might influence the success of the on-going vaccination campaign in the study areas. A descriptive analysis of household characteristics, dog demographics, and contraception demand was performed.
A total of 1086 households were interviewed representing a total of 5115 persons and 413 dogs. Dog densities were found to be 169 dogs/km2, 128 dogs/km2, and 133 dogs/km2. We found that the dog:human ratio is 1:11 and 1:15 in the three studied communities. Of all the households included in this study 227 (21%) were DOHH and 863 (79%) of them NOHH.
More than 60% of the dogs were found to be free roaming in all three communities. The dog populations were comprised principally of adults (>1 year of age) which made up 52 - 69% of the dog populations in the three communities. The sex ratio of the dog population in all three communities is skewed towards males. The average number of litters in the past twelve months ranged from 1,0-1,3 litter(s), the mean size of the litter was 5,0-5,2 pups and the mortality in the first week after birth 0-45,9%. Neutered dogs (<12%) are not a common finding in any of the three communities. Owners were willing to pay an average of $8 for the 2-year contraception injection.
The vaccination coverage range in each of the three communities was 48.6%-57.3%, 68.7%-77.4% and 53.3%-77.8%. We did not detect any significance between confinement characteristics and the vaccination status of dogs in the three communities. Our results show that over 85% of dogs in all three communities were vaccinated during a vaccination campaign where house-to-house visits were carried out.
Veterinarians, medical practitioners, and health authorities have the responsibility to apply intersectoral collaboration under the motto of ‘One Health’. We need to strive for a high level of risk perception among dog owners and an increased belief in the benefits of vaccination through public education activities. Proactive and sustainable vaccination programs in the Western World have proven their efficacy in the eradication of domestic dog
rabies; this should provide a motivation and a…
Advisors/Committee Members: Jongejan, F., Knobel, D..
Subjects/Keywords: Canine; rabies; South Africa; dog demographics; population characteristics; vaccination coverage; wildlife interface
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APA (6th Edition):
Geerdes, J. A. C. (2014). Dog population characteristics and rabies vaccination coverage at the wildlife interface in the Mpumalanga Province of South Africa. (Masters Thesis). Universiteit Utrecht. Retrieved from http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/292997
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Geerdes, J A C. “Dog population characteristics and rabies vaccination coverage at the wildlife interface in the Mpumalanga Province of South Africa.” 2014. Masters Thesis, Universiteit Utrecht. Accessed February 25, 2021.
http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/292997.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Geerdes, J A C. “Dog population characteristics and rabies vaccination coverage at the wildlife interface in the Mpumalanga Province of South Africa.” 2014. Web. 25 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Geerdes JAC. Dog population characteristics and rabies vaccination coverage at the wildlife interface in the Mpumalanga Province of South Africa. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Universiteit Utrecht; 2014. [cited 2021 Feb 25].
Available from: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/292997.
Council of Science Editors:
Geerdes JAC. Dog population characteristics and rabies vaccination coverage at the wildlife interface in the Mpumalanga Province of South Africa. [Masters Thesis]. Universiteit Utrecht; 2014. Available from: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/292997
Humboldt State University
7.
Sanchez, Jessica N.
Spatial ecology of disease spread in the island fox.
Degree: 2012, Humboldt State University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2148/1045
► Diseases are potential threats to wildlife populations worldwide, and recent epidemics have demonstrated their far-reaching impacts. The spread of directly transmitted pathogens is influenced by…
(more)
▼ Diseases are potential threats to wildlife populations worldwide, and recent epidemics have demonstrated their far-reaching impacts. The spread of directly transmitted pathogens is influenced by host contact rates, and host density can alter these contact rates by changing the spatial distribution of host home ranges. I explored how host density might affect the spread of directly transmitted pathogens in Channel Island foxes (Urocyon littoralis) through changes in contact rates, home range size and overlap. I tracked 40 radio-collared foxes at four sites on San Clemente Island, which ranged in density from 2.8??1.28 to 42.8??9.43 foxes/km2. Thirty foxes wore collars that also contained proximity loggers. More overlap correlated with higher rates of contact between neighbors. Foxes at high densities had more neighbors with overlapping home ranges but not an increase in the amount of pair-wise overlap or contact between individual neighbors. I used these home range and contact data to parameterize a spatially explicit model of
rabies and
canine distemper spread in island foxes. Modeled fox densities, home range sizes and degree of overlap, and contact rates approximated those measured on San Clemente Island. I examined how host density at the point of disease introduction and different vaccination strategies (i.e., no vaccination, random vaccination, or firewall/core area vaccination) might affect disease dynamics. In model simulations,
canine distemper spread quicker, infected more animals, and caused a greater reduction in the fox population than
rabies due to differences in the length of the prepatent and infectious periods. The introduction of either pathogen to areas of high fox density resulted in more rapid transmission than if the pathogen was introduced at lower densities. Random vaccination was generally the more successful strategy for reducing the number of infected or dead animals from both diseases, and may be the preferable strategy for San Clemente Island. The model parameters with the greatest proportional effect on output were fox contact rates, virus transmissibility, background transmission rate, and the length of the prepatent and infectious periods. This study was the first time island fox contact rates were directly measured and compared to density and home range overlap, and it confirms that overlap is a reliable index of the amount of direct contact between island foxes. Model results can be used to advise conservation efforts aimed at preventing and responding to disease outbreaks in island foxes.
Advisors/Committee Members: Hudgens, Brian.
Subjects/Keywords: Channel Islands; Urocyon littoralis; Modeling; Rabies; Canine distemper; Contact rates; Home range; Disease spread; Population density; Island fox
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APA ·
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MLA ·
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CSE |
Export
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APA (6th Edition):
Sanchez, J. N. (2012). Spatial ecology of disease spread in the island fox. (Thesis). Humboldt State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2148/1045
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Sanchez, Jessica N. “Spatial ecology of disease spread in the island fox.” 2012. Thesis, Humboldt State University. Accessed February 25, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2148/1045.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Sanchez, Jessica N. “Spatial ecology of disease spread in the island fox.” 2012. Web. 25 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Sanchez JN. Spatial ecology of disease spread in the island fox. [Internet] [Thesis]. Humboldt State University; 2012. [cited 2021 Feb 25].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2148/1045.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Sanchez JN. Spatial ecology of disease spread in the island fox. [Thesis]. Humboldt State University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2148/1045
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Universidade do Rio Grande do Sul
8.
Budaszewski, Renata da Fontoura.
Estudos sobre vacinologia e evolução do vírus da cinomose canina.
Degree: 2017, Universidade do Rio Grande do Sul
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10183/163434
► O vírus da cinomose canina (CDV) é um importante patógeno de cães domésticos e carnívoros selvagens. A infecção pelo CDV é relevante a nível mundial…
(more)
▼ O vírus da cinomose canina (CDV) é um importante patógeno de cães domésticos e carnívoros selvagens. A infecção pelo CDV é relevante a nível mundial e está associada com alta morbidade e mortalidade. Em diversos países a cinomose é considerada controlada pelo uso de vacinas, no entanto, no Brasil ainda é endêmica, principalmente devido ao grande número de animais não domiciliados. Além disso, surtos em cães e várias espécies de animais silvestres ocorrem com frequência, dizimando populações ameaçadas. As vacinas vivas atenuadas são seguras para cães, mas seu uso não é aconselhado em espécies altamente suscetíveis à infecção pelo CDV. Também os relatos de surtos de cinomose em cães supostamente vacinados levantam a hipótese de que as vacinas disponíveis no mercado podem não ser eficientes frente a algumas cepas de campo. Com o objetivo de gerar dados acerca dos mecanismos de evolução do CDV e desenvolver e testar a eficácia de uma vacina bivalente inativada contra o vírus da raiva (RABV) e CDV a presente tese será apresentada na forma de dois artigos científicos. Ainda, um artigo de revisão sobre os modelos animais utilizados para obtenção de informações sobre o vírus do sarampo utilizando a infecção de CDV em furões e cães foi publicada e será apresentada na presente tese. No primeiro artigo, foi analisada a ocorrência de recombinação homóloga em genomas de CDV e detectou-se oito possíveis vírus recombinantes, incluindo um evento de recombinação entre uma cepa de campo e uma cepa vacinal atenuada, sugerindo que o uso de vacinação com vírus vivo atenuado pode influenciar a evolução do CDV. No segundo trabalho, uma vacina recombinante bivalente inativada baseada em RABV expressando as glicoproteínas do envelope do CDV, hemaglutinina e proteína de fusão, mostrou-se eficiente na proteção contra infecção por CDV em furões quando utilizado um protocolo prime/boost. Finalmente, foi publicada uma revisão de literatura sobre os modelos animais utilizados para obtenção de informações sobre a patogênese do vírus do sarampo utilizando a infecção com o vírus da cinomose.
Canine distemper virus (CDV) is an important pathogen of domestic dogs and wild carnivores. CDV infection is globally relevant and it is associated with high morbidity and mortality. In several countries, distemper is considered controlled by vaccination, however, in Brazil it is still endemic, mainly due to the large number of non-domiciliated animals. In addition, outbreaks in dogs and various species of wild animals occur frequently, decimating threatened populations. Live attenuated vaccines are safe for dogs, but their use is not advised in species that are highly susceptible to CDV infection. Also, reports of canine distemper in supposedly vaccinated dogs raise the hypothesis that commercially available vaccines may not be effective against some wild type strains. In order to investigate the mechanisms of CDV evolution and to develop and assess the efficacy of an inactivated bivalent vaccine against rabies virus and CDV, this thesis will be presented in…
Advisors/Committee Members: Canal, Cláudio Wageck.
Subjects/Keywords: Virologia veterinaria; Canine distemper virus; Vírus da cinomose canina; Homologous recombination; Virus da raiva; Vaccine; Rabies virus; Recombinação homóloga; Vacinas; Animal models; Modelos animais
Record Details
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Record Details
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APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
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CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
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APA (6th Edition):
Budaszewski, R. d. F. (2017). Estudos sobre vacinologia e evolução do vírus da cinomose canina. (Thesis). Universidade do Rio Grande do Sul. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10183/163434
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Budaszewski, Renata da Fontoura. “Estudos sobre vacinologia e evolução do vírus da cinomose canina.” 2017. Thesis, Universidade do Rio Grande do Sul. Accessed February 25, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10183/163434.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Budaszewski, Renata da Fontoura. “Estudos sobre vacinologia e evolução do vírus da cinomose canina.” 2017. Web. 25 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Budaszewski RdF. Estudos sobre vacinologia e evolução do vírus da cinomose canina. [Internet] [Thesis]. Universidade do Rio Grande do Sul; 2017. [cited 2021 Feb 25].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10183/163434.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Budaszewski RdF. Estudos sobre vacinologia e evolução do vírus da cinomose canina. [Thesis]. Universidade do Rio Grande do Sul; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10183/163434
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
RMIT University
9.
Johnstone-Robertson, S.
Disease emergence and dynamics on biologically motivated contact networks.
Degree: 2017, RMIT University
URL: http://researchbank.rmit.edu.au/view/rmit:162413
► Infectious disease transmission requires that epidemiologically relevant contact occurs between infectious and susceptible individuals. Thus, for mathematical models to accurately predict disease emergence and dynamics…
(more)
▼ Infectious disease transmission requires that epidemiologically relevant contact occurs between infectious and susceptible individuals. Thus, for mathematical models to accurately predict disease emergence and dynamics they must incorporate the contact patterns responsible for transmission. In this context, this thesis investigates how the level of contact detail included in an infectious disease model influences its predictions. Three models are considered. The first investigates infections spreading through territorial populations, with potential canine rabies spread in Australian wild dogs a case study. Two factors governing wild dog contacts are considered: geographic distance and heterogeneous wild dog behaviour. Not including spatial constraints results in a model that overestimates the probability of an epidemic and that fails to generate the outcome 'rate of spread'. Conversely, not incorporating heterogeneous dog behaviour results in a model that underestimates the probability an epidemic will occur. The second model investigates tick-borne pathogen spread between ticks and vertebrate hosts. Key features of tick feeding behaviour include: tick aggregation on hosts, co-aggregation of larval and nymphal ticks on the same hosts, and co-feeding. Co-aggregation increases R0. Models failing to incorporate tick co-aggregation will therefore underestimate the likelihood of pathogen emergence, especially in geographic regions and seasons where larval burden is high and for pathogens mainly transmitted during co-feeding. The third model investigates the effect of clustering (triangle and square contact patterns) on the spread of infection through social networks. Clustering reduces R0 and the magnitude of the reduction increases with higher transmission probabilities. Models that fail to incorporate clustering will overestimate the likelihood of disease establishment, especially for highly transmissible diseases. In conclusion, the three disease models collectively reveal model predictions are improved and additional outcomes are generated by the inclusion of realistic host contact patterns. These findings reinforce the value of incorporating biologically-faithful contact patterns into infectious disease models.
Subjects/Keywords: Fields of Research; contact patterns; infectious disease model; basic reproduction number; R0; canine rabies; Australian wild dogs; dingos; dingoes; spatial model; heterogeneity; tick-borne pathogens; aggregation; co-aggregation; co-feeding; clustering; social networks
Record Details
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Share »
Record Details
Similar Records
Cite
« Share
❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Johnstone-Robertson, S. (2017). Disease emergence and dynamics on biologically motivated contact networks. (Thesis). RMIT University. Retrieved from http://researchbank.rmit.edu.au/view/rmit:162413
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Johnstone-Robertson, S. “Disease emergence and dynamics on biologically motivated contact networks.” 2017. Thesis, RMIT University. Accessed February 25, 2021.
http://researchbank.rmit.edu.au/view/rmit:162413.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Johnstone-Robertson, S. “Disease emergence and dynamics on biologically motivated contact networks.” 2017. Web. 25 Feb 2021.
Vancouver:
Johnstone-Robertson S. Disease emergence and dynamics on biologically motivated contact networks. [Internet] [Thesis]. RMIT University; 2017. [cited 2021 Feb 25].
Available from: http://researchbank.rmit.edu.au/view/rmit:162413.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Johnstone-Robertson S. Disease emergence and dynamics on biologically motivated contact networks. [Thesis]. RMIT University; 2017. Available from: http://researchbank.rmit.edu.au/view/rmit:162413
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
. 
Open Access Theses and Dissertations
