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NSYSU
1.
Liao, You-Fen.
Using polymer dispersed liquid crystals to improve photoreflectance spectroscopy measurement technology.
Degree: Master, Physics, 2012, NSYSU
URL: http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0719112-164318 
Photoreflectance (PR) is a sensitive technique to measure semiconductor properties at room temperature due to its derivative nature. The normalized
Advisors/Committee Members: Dong-Po Wang (committee member), Chi-Huang Lin (chair), Bae-heng Tseng (chair).Subjects/Keywords: CIGS; Photoreflectance; PDLC
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APA (6th Edition):
Liao, Y. (2012). Using polymer dispersed liquid crystals to improve photoreflectance spectroscopy measurement technology. (Thesis). NSYSU. Retrieved from http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0719112-164318
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Liao, You-Fen. “Using polymer dispersed liquid crystals to improve photoreflectance spectroscopy measurement technology.” 2012. Thesis, NSYSU. Accessed December 08, 2019.
http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0719112-164318.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Liao, You-Fen. “Using polymer dispersed liquid crystals to improve photoreflectance spectroscopy measurement technology.” 2012. Web. 08 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Liao Y. Using polymer dispersed liquid crystals to improve photoreflectance spectroscopy measurement technology. [Internet] [Thesis]. NSYSU; 2012. [cited 2019 Dec 08].
Available from: http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0719112-164318.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Liao Y. Using polymer dispersed liquid crystals to improve photoreflectance spectroscopy measurement technology. [Thesis]. NSYSU; 2012. Available from: http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0719112-164318
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of Hawaii – Manoa
2.
DeAngelis, Alexander Daniel.
A comparison of photovoltaic device performance between copper indium gallium diselenide thin film solar cells with indium tin oxide and indium molybdenum oxide top contacts.
Degree: 2016, University of Hawaii – Manoa
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10125/101654
► M.S. University of Hawaii at Manoa 2010.
The following work is a study involving two sets of copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS) thin film solar…
(more)
▼ M.S. University of Hawaii at Manoa 2010.
The following work is a study involving two sets of copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS) thin film solar cells (TFSC) with each set utilizing a different type of transparent conductive oxide (TCO) top contact. One of the sets utilized a conventional TCO such as Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) where the other used a more cutting-edge high mobility TCO (HMTCO) such as Indium Molybdenum Oxide (IMO). Based off reduced free-carrier absorption that has been observed in IMO thin films over the past decade, the CIGS TFSC sample set utilizing IMO as a top contact is expected to have larger photocurrents and thus higher efficiencies than ITO devices.
Before exploring this application to solar cells, the optical and electrical properties of IMO thin films deposited on soda-lime glass (SLG) substrates were studied independently. A process was developed that optimized both optical transmission and electrical resistivity of IMO films. Optimized IMO films showed resistivities on the order of 10-3 Ω-cm, where as ITO films deposited on SLG substrates using the optimized Hawaii Natural Energy Institute (HNEI) process exhibited resistivities on the order of 10-4 Ω-cm. However, IMO films showed superior transmittance in the infrared compared to ITO films, which is attributed to the lower carrier concentrations and higher mobilities found in IMO films. More details on this can be found in chapter 4.
Once an optimized process was discovered for fabricating IMO films, the comparison of device performance between the two previously mentioned CIGS TFSC sample sets was investigated. It was observed that, with use of an anti-reflective (AR) coating, both sample sets achieved the same average short-circuit current (Jsc). However, the average open-circuit voltage (Voc) of the IMO sample set was observed to be 60 mV lower, leading to a corresponding lower average efficiency than the ITO devices. More details on this can be found in chapter 6.
Subjects/Keywords: CIGS; Photovoltaics; ITO; IMO
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APA (6th Edition):
DeAngelis, A. D. (2016). A comparison of photovoltaic device performance between copper indium gallium diselenide thin film solar cells with indium tin oxide and indium molybdenum oxide top contacts. (Thesis). University of Hawaii – Manoa. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10125/101654
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
DeAngelis, Alexander Daniel. “A comparison of photovoltaic device performance between copper indium gallium diselenide thin film solar cells with indium tin oxide and indium molybdenum oxide top contacts.” 2016. Thesis, University of Hawaii – Manoa. Accessed December 08, 2019.
http://hdl.handle.net/10125/101654.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
DeAngelis, Alexander Daniel. “A comparison of photovoltaic device performance between copper indium gallium diselenide thin film solar cells with indium tin oxide and indium molybdenum oxide top contacts.” 2016. Web. 08 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
DeAngelis AD. A comparison of photovoltaic device performance between copper indium gallium diselenide thin film solar cells with indium tin oxide and indium molybdenum oxide top contacts. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Hawaii – Manoa; 2016. [cited 2019 Dec 08].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10125/101654.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
DeAngelis AD. A comparison of photovoltaic device performance between copper indium gallium diselenide thin film solar cells with indium tin oxide and indium molybdenum oxide top contacts. [Thesis]. University of Hawaii – Manoa; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10125/101654
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Uppsala University
3.
Söderström, Wilhelm.
Alternative back contact for CIGS solar cells built on sodium-free substrates.
Degree: Solid State Electronics, 2011, Uppsala University
URL: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-154004
► It is widely known that the element sodium plays a vital role in providing highefficiency CIGS solar cells and that when cells are built…
(more)
▼ It is widely known that the element sodium plays a vital role in providing highefficiency CIGS solar cells and that when cells are built on sodium free substrates theyneed an alternative (a substitute) sodium source. In this study a molybdenum-sodiumcompound has been deposited, investigated and evaluated as an alternative backcontact layer containing sodium. The compound had a 5 at % sodium concentrationand it was manufactured by an Austrian company called Plansee. The aim of the studywas to create an equivalent back contact in the sense of sodium delivery, conductivityand adhesion compared to a normal molybdenum back contact on a soda lime glass. The experimental part of the study started with the construction of complete cells,which were fabricated and measured. This work took place at the ÅngströmLaboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden. The characteristics of the layer and the cellswere analyzed by current voltage measurements, quantum efficiency measurementsand secondary ion mass spectrometry analysis. Cell manufacturing involved sputtering,co evaporation and chemical deposition processes. Results show that the molybdenum-sodium compound increases the efficiency of acell built on a sodium-free substrate. Efficiencies reached 8 % for cells without sodiumin the molybdenum and these cells produced 67 % efficiency and 80 % open circuitvoltage of the reference value. Cells with sodium in the back contact layer produced90 % of the efficiency and 95% of the open circuit voltage relative to the references.The best cell with the molybdenum-sodium compound reached an efficiency of 13.3%. This implies that the new back contact layer acts as a sodium source but the cellshave 1-2 % lower efficiency than the reference cells built on soda lime glass. Othercharacteristics of the layer as conductivity and adhesion show no significant differenceto an ordinary molybdenum back contact. Measurements also indicate that the sodium is probably located inside themolybdenum grains and just a small amount is found at the boundaries and in betweenthe grains. Sodium inside the molybdenum grains is difficult to extract and thereforenot enough sodium will diffuse into the CIGS layer. The conclusions drawn from this study are that the molybdenum-sodium compoundhelps to increase the efficiency of a CIGS solar cell built on a sodium-free substrate,but it does not deliver enough sodium to constitute a substitute sodium source.
Subjects/Keywords: CIGS solar cells; solar power
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APA (6th Edition):
Söderström, W. (2011). Alternative back contact for CIGS solar cells built on sodium-free substrates. (Thesis). Uppsala University. Retrieved from http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-154004
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Söderström, Wilhelm. “Alternative back contact for CIGS solar cells built on sodium-free substrates.” 2011. Thesis, Uppsala University. Accessed December 08, 2019.
http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-154004.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Söderström, Wilhelm. “Alternative back contact for CIGS solar cells built on sodium-free substrates.” 2011. Web. 08 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Söderström W. Alternative back contact for CIGS solar cells built on sodium-free substrates. [Internet] [Thesis]. Uppsala University; 2011. [cited 2019 Dec 08].
Available from: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-154004.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Söderström W. Alternative back contact for CIGS solar cells built on sodium-free substrates. [Thesis]. Uppsala University; 2011. Available from: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-154004
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Uppsala University
4.
Rostvall, Fredrik.
Potential Induced Degradation of CIGS Solar Cells.
Degree: Solid State Electronics, 2014, Uppsala University
URL: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-227745
► This thesis studies the effects of Na diffusion in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) solar cells,caused by electrical Potential Induced Degradation (PID) and how to prevent it.…
(more)
▼ This thesis studies the effects of Na diffusion in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) solar cells,caused by electrical Potential Induced Degradation (PID) and how to prevent it. Thiswas done by subjecting CIGS solar cells a temperature of 850C and an electrical biasfrom the backside of the glass substrate to the Mo back contact of the CIGS cell.When the bias was negative at the back contact the Na diffused in to the CIGS(degradation) and when it was positive the ions diffused out again (recovery). TheCIGS samples were electrically characterized with IV- and EQE-measurements duringthese conditions and compositional depth profiling was used to track the Nadistribution.This study showed that during degradation Na seemed to accumulate in the interfacesbetween the different layers in the CIGS cell. The buffer and window layers arestrongly affected by Na diffusion. Zn(O,S) buffer layer showed a clear difference inrecovery behavior compared to CdS buffer layer. The introduction of an Al2O3barrier layer between the CIGS and Mo back contact increased the degradation timefrom 50 h to 160 h. During this study it was also found that in some cases the CIGSsolar cells efficiency could be improved by degrading the cells and then recoveringthem, in the best case from 13% average energy efficiency to 15% efficiency.
Subjects/Keywords: CIGS; Solar Cells; Sodium
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APA (6th Edition):
Rostvall, F. (2014). Potential Induced Degradation of CIGS Solar Cells. (Thesis). Uppsala University. Retrieved from http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-227745
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Rostvall, Fredrik. “Potential Induced Degradation of CIGS Solar Cells.” 2014. Thesis, Uppsala University. Accessed December 08, 2019.
http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-227745.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Rostvall, Fredrik. “Potential Induced Degradation of CIGS Solar Cells.” 2014. Web. 08 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Rostvall F. Potential Induced Degradation of CIGS Solar Cells. [Internet] [Thesis]. Uppsala University; 2014. [cited 2019 Dec 08].
Available from: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-227745.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Rostvall F. Potential Induced Degradation of CIGS Solar Cells. [Thesis]. Uppsala University; 2014. Available from: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-227745
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
5.
El Hajje, Gilbert.
Développement de nouvelles méthodes de caractérisation optoélectroniques des cellules solaires photovoltaïques par imagerie de luminescence : Development of characterization methods for thin film solar photovoltaics using time-resolved and hyperspectral luminescence imaging.
Degree: Docteur es, Physique des Matériaux, 2016, Université Pierre et Marie Curie – Paris VI
URL: http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066604
► La connaissance approfondie sur la luminescence des dispositifs photovoltaïques (PV) en a fait un outil de caractérisation puissant qui capte l'intérêt de la recherche et…
(more)
▼ La connaissance approfondie sur la luminescence des dispositifs photovoltaïques (PV) en a fait un outil de caractérisation puissant qui capte l'intérêt de la recherche et des industries du PV. Dans cette thèse, nous nous concentrons sur la luminescence des cellules solaires photovoltaïques à base de Cu(In,Ga)Se2. En particulier, nous explorons et revisitons ses dépendances temporelles, spectrales et spatiales. Cela a abouti dans un premier temps à la mise au point de nouvelles méthodes de caractérisation basée sur la luminescence de cette technologie PV en particulier. Nous montrons d’abord que par l’intermédiaire d'une méthode sans contact toute optique, nous sommes en mesure de détecter et de localiser les métastabilités de cette technologie. En utilisant une approche numérique basée sur des résultats expérimentaux de photoluminescence résolue en temps (TRPL) nous avions réussi à quantifier la densité des défauts de piégeage qui sont derrière ces métastabilités. Une fois quantifiée, nous traduisons cette densité en pertes absolues de performance PV de la cellule solaire. Ensuite, en explorant la dépendance spatiale de la luminescence des cellules solaires à base de Cu(In,Ga)Se2, nous avions corrélé avec succès, ses aspects temporels et spectrales en se basant sur la microscopie confocale à balayage et l’imagerie hyperspectrale. Cela nous a permis de généraliser nos résultats précédents à l'échelle globale des cellules solaires. Cette partie de la thèse nous a aidés à mieux comprendre une des origines fondamentales derrière l’inhomogénéité spatiale de la luminescence de ce type de dispositifs photovoltaïques.La dernière partie de la thèse était essentiellement technique et exploratoire. En particulier, nous introduisons une nouvelle technique optique dans le domaine de la caractérisation des dispositifs PV. Cette technique est dédiée à l’imagerie résolue en temps du temps de vie de fluorescence (TR-FLIM). Le principe de cette technique consiste essentiellement en acquisition d'images de luminescence du dispositif PV qui sont résolues temporellement. Avec ce nouveau dispositif expérimental, nous sommes maintenant en mesure de résoudre spatialement, et en temps réel la dynamique des porteurs de charge d'une technologie photovoltaïque donnée et accéder à ses propriétés électroniques clés. Une première démonstration a été faite sur une cellule solaire à base de GaAs, et pour laquelle nous avions extrait optiquement, la longueur de diffusion, la mobilité et le temps de vie de ses porteurs. De plus, nous avions pu estimer le coefficient de diffusion du matériau et son taux de dopage.
The extensive knowledge on the luminescence of photovoltaic (PV) devices has made it a powerful characterization tool that captures the interest of both research and industrial PV communities. In this thesis, we focus on the luminescence of Cu(In,Ga)Se2-based solar PV. In particular, we explore and revisit the luminescence temporal, spectral and spatial dependencies. This resulted in the development of new luminescence-based…
Advisors/Committee Members: Guillemoles, Jean-François (thesis director), Lombez, Laurent (thesis director).
Subjects/Keywords: Luminescence; Photovoltaïque; Cigs; Trflim; Caractérisation; Trpl; Luminescence; CIGS; Photovoltaic; 535
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APA (6th Edition):
El Hajje, G. (2016). Développement de nouvelles méthodes de caractérisation optoélectroniques des cellules solaires photovoltaïques par imagerie de luminescence : Development of characterization methods for thin film solar photovoltaics using time-resolved and hyperspectral luminescence imaging. (Doctoral Dissertation). Université Pierre et Marie Curie – Paris VI. Retrieved from http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066604
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
El Hajje, Gilbert. “Développement de nouvelles méthodes de caractérisation optoélectroniques des cellules solaires photovoltaïques par imagerie de luminescence : Development of characterization methods for thin film solar photovoltaics using time-resolved and hyperspectral luminescence imaging.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, Université Pierre et Marie Curie – Paris VI. Accessed December 08, 2019.
http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066604.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
El Hajje, Gilbert. “Développement de nouvelles méthodes de caractérisation optoélectroniques des cellules solaires photovoltaïques par imagerie de luminescence : Development of characterization methods for thin film solar photovoltaics using time-resolved and hyperspectral luminescence imaging.” 2016. Web. 08 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
El Hajje G. Développement de nouvelles méthodes de caractérisation optoélectroniques des cellules solaires photovoltaïques par imagerie de luminescence : Development of characterization methods for thin film solar photovoltaics using time-resolved and hyperspectral luminescence imaging. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Université Pierre et Marie Curie – Paris VI; 2016. [cited 2019 Dec 08].
Available from: http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066604.
Council of Science Editors:
El Hajje G. Développement de nouvelles méthodes de caractérisation optoélectroniques des cellules solaires photovoltaïques par imagerie de luminescence : Development of characterization methods for thin film solar photovoltaics using time-resolved and hyperspectral luminescence imaging. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Université Pierre et Marie Curie – Paris VI; 2016. Available from: http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066604
Universitat Politècnica de València
6.
Ullah, Shafi.
THIN FILM SOLAR CELLS BASED ON COPPER-INDIUMGALIUM SELENIDE (CIGS) MATERIALS DEPOSITED BY ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNIQUES.
Degree: 2017, Universitat Politècnica de València
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10251/86290
► The improvement of low cost, efficient photovoltaic devices is a leading technological challenge in the recent decade. There is a need to develop scalable and…
(more)
▼ The improvement of low cost, efficient photovoltaic devices is a leading technological challenge in the recent decade. There is a need to develop scalable and high-throughput manufacturing techniques that could reduce costs and improve manufacturing of chalcogenide solar cells. Copper, indium, gallium, and selenium (
CIGS) Thin films polycrystalline heterojunction solar cells appear to be most appropriate with to cost and ease of manufacture. Currently Cu (In,Ga) (Se, S)2 materials hold the highest record cell efficiency of 22.3% in laboratory scale for thin films solar cells and the efficiency still be boosted by improving the different layers of the photovoltaic devices.
CIGS chalcogenide absorber layers has been a leading candidate material in photovoltaic devices for thin films solar cells and space applications due to its unique optical-electronic properties as well as its radiation resistance. In the present work, thin films of Cu (In, Ga) (Se, S)2 were deposited at room temperature on glass substrates coated with ITO and Mo by electrodeposition techniques. The obtained polycrystalline thin films were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis. Thin films of Cu (In, Ga) (Se, S)2 grown by electrodeposition were subsequently processed into several sets of conditions including vacuum heat treatment, heat treatment in the presence of selenium or sulfur, heat treatment in nitrous gas atmosphere (N2H2) at different temperature and processing times. To improve the composition and the crystalline structure of the thin layers and to optimize the electro-optical properties a heat treatment of the thin films was developed in two stages after the electrodeposition. It was observed that the first annealing step (heating treatment at 450 °C in a selenium atmosphere 40 minutes) produced an appreciable improvement in the crystalline structure in the thin layer composition. In a second stage a sulfurization of the CuGaSe2 films was performed at 400 °C for 10 min in the presence of molecular sulfur and under the forming gas atmosphere. The effect of sulfurization was the complete conversion of selenium to sulfur and, therefore, the transformation of CuGaSe2 into CuGaS2. The formation of CuGaS2 thin films was evidenced by the by the displacement of the diffraction peaks of the CuGaSe2 towards higher angles to which makes the X-Ray diffraction 18 pattern which makes it coincide with the diffraction pattern of the CuGaSe2 films, and by the shift towards the blue (higher energies) of the optical gap. The optical gap found for the CuGaSe2 layer was 1.66 eV, while the optical gap for the CuGaS2 was raised up to 2.2 eV. CdS thin films have been widely used as buffer layer in
CIGS solar cells. However, when alloyed with Zn, ZnCdS can still improve its performance as buffer layer. ZnCdS can be used as buffer and as window material in photoconductive devices and in…
Advisors/Committee Members: Marí Soucase, Bernabé (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Semiconductores;
CIGS;
CIGS-Cr;
Electrodeposición;
ZnCdS;
CBD;
células solares;
analisis numérico.
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Ullah, S. (2017). THIN FILM SOLAR CELLS BASED ON COPPER-INDIUMGALIUM SELENIDE (CIGS) MATERIALS DEPOSITED BY ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNIQUES.
(Doctoral Dissertation). Universitat Politècnica de València. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10251/86290
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Ullah, Shafi. “THIN FILM SOLAR CELLS BASED ON COPPER-INDIUMGALIUM SELENIDE (CIGS) MATERIALS DEPOSITED BY ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNIQUES.
” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, Universitat Politècnica de València. Accessed December 08, 2019.
http://hdl.handle.net/10251/86290.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Ullah, Shafi. “THIN FILM SOLAR CELLS BASED ON COPPER-INDIUMGALIUM SELENIDE (CIGS) MATERIALS DEPOSITED BY ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNIQUES.
” 2017. Web. 08 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Ullah S. THIN FILM SOLAR CELLS BASED ON COPPER-INDIUMGALIUM SELENIDE (CIGS) MATERIALS DEPOSITED BY ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNIQUES.
[Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Universitat Politècnica de València; 2017. [cited 2019 Dec 08].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10251/86290.
Council of Science Editors:
Ullah S. THIN FILM SOLAR CELLS BASED ON COPPER-INDIUMGALIUM SELENIDE (CIGS) MATERIALS DEPOSITED BY ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNIQUES.
[Doctoral Dissertation]. Universitat Politècnica de València; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10251/86290
NSYSU
7.
Li, Kuan-Hsien.
Characterization of Selenized CIGS Thin Films.
Degree: Master, Electrical Engineering, 2012, NSYSU
URL: http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0725112-151422
► Low-cost and high-efficiency are of continuous interest for the fabrication of solar cells. I-III-VI compound semiconductors Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) are the most important absorber materials in…
(more)
▼ Low-cost and high-efficiency are of continuous interest for the fabrication of solar cells. I-III-VI compound semiconductors Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (
CIGS) are the most important absorber materials in developing thin film solar cells. The bandgap of
CIGS varies from about 1.1 to 1.7 eV, which is within the maximum solar absorption region. This is very important for the optimum conversion efficiency. The extraordinarily high absorption coefficient from direct bandgap leads to thinner thickness and lower fabrication cost for its use in thin film solar cells. In this experiment, we deposit CuInGa alloy layer on Mo-coated soda-lime glass by RF sputtering and then use selenization process to form Cu(In,Ga)Se2. We study the characterization of sputtered CIG alloy layer and selenized
CIGS thin film.
Advisors/Committee Members: Ming-Kwei Lee (committee member), Kuo-Mei Chen (chair), Min-Yen Yeh (chair), Su-Hua Yang (chair).
Subjects/Keywords: thin film; selenization; CIGS; solar cell
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APA (6th Edition):
Li, K. (2012). Characterization of Selenized CIGS Thin Films. (Thesis). NSYSU. Retrieved from http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0725112-151422
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Li, Kuan-Hsien. “Characterization of Selenized CIGS Thin Films.” 2012. Thesis, NSYSU. Accessed December 08, 2019.
http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0725112-151422.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Li, Kuan-Hsien. “Characterization of Selenized CIGS Thin Films.” 2012. Web. 08 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Li K. Characterization of Selenized CIGS Thin Films. [Internet] [Thesis]. NSYSU; 2012. [cited 2019 Dec 08].
Available from: http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0725112-151422.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Li K. Characterization of Selenized CIGS Thin Films. [Thesis]. NSYSU; 2012. Available from: http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0725112-151422
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
NSYSU
8.
Hsieh, Yi-hsun.
The study of preparation of CIGS thin films by selenides.
Degree: Master, Materials and Optoelectronic Science, 2012, NSYSU
URL: http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0827112-111910
► In this experiment, selenides are used as the precursor and CIGS thin films are synthesized through selenization. At the first stage, the precursor with the…
(more)
▼ In this experiment, selenides are used as the precursor and
CIGS thin films are synthesized through selenization. At the first stage, the precursor with the layers of In-Se/Ga-Se/Cu-Se failed to produce
CIGS thin films when the temperature is going up 10â per minute to the target temperature during selenization and the change of the composition of the precursor, the temperature duration and the temperature of selenization is tried. Later, the reaction is successfully done when the layers are changed into In-Ga-Se/Cu-Se with the temperature going up 10â per minute to 550â, lasting for 5 minutes. With various Ga containments, I analyize the optical and electronic properties.
In order to see the composition of
CIGS thin films in different propotion of Cu/In+Ga and Ga/In+Ga, I use EPMA and the properties of XRD peak shift with the containment of Ga to estimate the proportion of the containment of Ga. I found the conclusions by EPMA and XRD are very similar.
At 150â, the precursors Cu-Se, In-Se and Ga-Se are fabricated and XPS, Raman, XRD or else are used to speculate the bonding of them. In addition, using XRD and Raman to analyze In-Ga-Se/Cu-Se selenides, I found, between 150â and 300â, Cu2-xSe bonding is the main; at 350â, InSe bonding intensifies obviously; at 400â,
CIGS is formed.
Advisors/Committee Members: Mau-Phon Houng (chair), Tsung-ming Tsai (chair), Bae-heng Tseng (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: thin film; selenides; selenization; CIGS; CIS
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APA (6th Edition):
Hsieh, Y. (2012). The study of preparation of CIGS thin films by selenides. (Thesis). NSYSU. Retrieved from http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0827112-111910
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Hsieh, Yi-hsun. “The study of preparation of CIGS thin films by selenides.” 2012. Thesis, NSYSU. Accessed December 08, 2019.
http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0827112-111910.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Hsieh, Yi-hsun. “The study of preparation of CIGS thin films by selenides.” 2012. Web. 08 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Hsieh Y. The study of preparation of CIGS thin films by selenides. [Internet] [Thesis]. NSYSU; 2012. [cited 2019 Dec 08].
Available from: http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0827112-111910.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Hsieh Y. The study of preparation of CIGS thin films by selenides. [Thesis]. NSYSU; 2012. Available from: http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0827112-111910
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
9.
Hedlund, Daniel.
Ammonia free CdS buffer layerfor Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells by chemical bath deposition.
Degree: Solid State Electronics, 2013, Uppsala University
URL: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-206786
► The buffer layer in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells can improve cell performance. In this work we make CdS buffer layer by chemical bath deposition (CBD)…
(more)
▼ The buffer layer in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells can improve cell performance. In this work we make CdS buffer layer by chemical bath deposition (CBD) without ammonia. CBD without ammonia were sought out since ammonia is a volatile compound. Different recipes for making CdS were tested; only one of the tested recipes actually produced something that is worth further investigating. This recipe used sodium citrate, an innocuous compound instead of ammonia. The best performance was 0.15 % off from the reference.This is almost as good as the used baseline process. However the worst almost completely killed the solar cells. Cell performance dropped by more than absolute 10 %. This demonstrates that chemical bath deposition can have profound effects on the solar cell performance. When trying to improve the best cells only detrimental effects showed up. This might show that, a part in the recipe used, NaOH has detrimental effects on solar cells. Ammonia free chemical bath deposition is possible, however so far it has not produced as good results as the reference. The difference is however very small, which makes it worth further investigating with moreand better solar cell material.
Subjects/Keywords: CIGS; CBD; Ammonia free; solar cell
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APA (6th Edition):
Hedlund, D. (2013). Ammonia free CdS buffer layerfor Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells by chemical bath deposition. (Thesis). Uppsala University. Retrieved from http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-206786
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Hedlund, Daniel. “Ammonia free CdS buffer layerfor Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells by chemical bath deposition.” 2013. Thesis, Uppsala University. Accessed December 08, 2019.
http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-206786.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Hedlund, Daniel. “Ammonia free CdS buffer layerfor Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells by chemical bath deposition.” 2013. Web. 08 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Hedlund D. Ammonia free CdS buffer layerfor Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells by chemical bath deposition. [Internet] [Thesis]. Uppsala University; 2013. [cited 2019 Dec 08].
Available from: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-206786.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Hedlund D. Ammonia free CdS buffer layerfor Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells by chemical bath deposition. [Thesis]. Uppsala University; 2013. Available from: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-206786
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of Minnesota
10.
Song, Sang.
Device Modeling and Characterization for CIGS Solar Cells.
Degree: PhD, Electrical Engineering, 2013, University of Minnesota
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11299/175340
► We studied the way to achieve high efficiency and low cost of CuIn1-xGaxSe2 (CIGS) solar cells. The Fowler-Nordheim (F-N) tunneling currents at low bias decreased…
(more)
▼ We studied the way to achieve high efficiency and low cost of CuIn1-xGaxSe2 (CIGS) solar cells. The Fowler-Nordheim (F-N) tunneling currents at low bias decreased the shunt resistances and degraded the fill factor and efficiency. The activation energies of majority traps were directly related with F-N tunneling currents by the energy barriers. Air anneals decreased the efficiency from 7.74% to 5.18% after a 150�C, 1000 hour anneal. The decrease of shunt resistance due to F-N tunneling and the increase of series resistance degrade the efficiencies of solar cells. Air anneal reduces the free carrier densities by the newly generated Cu interstitial defects (Cui). Mobile Cui defects induce the metastability in CIGS solar cell. Since oxygen atoms are preferred to passivate the Se vacancies thus Cu interstitial defects explains well metastability of CIGS solar cells. Lattice mismatch and misfit stress between layers in CIGS solar cells can explain the particular effects of CIGS solar cells. The misfits of 35.08o rotated (220/204) CIGS to r-plane (102) MoSe2 layers are 1% ~ -4% lower than other orientation and the lattice constants of two layers in short direction are matched at Ga composition x=0.35. This explains well the preferred orientation and the maximum efficiency of Ga composition effects. Misfit between CIGS and CdS generated the dislocations in CdS layer as the interface traps. Thermionic emission currents due to interface traps limit the open circuit voltage at high Ga composition. The trap densities were calculated by critical thickness and dislocation spacing and the numerical device simulation results were well matched with the experimental results. A metal oxide broken-gap p-n heterojunction is suggested for tunnel junction for multi-junction polycrystalline solar cells and we examined the characteristics of broken-gap tunnel junction by numerical simulation. Ballistic transport mechanism explains well I-V characteristics of broken-gap junction. P-type Cu2O and n-type In2O3 broken-gap heterojunction is effective with the CIGS tandem solar cells. The junction has linear I-V characteristics with moderate carrier concentration (2�1017 cm-3) and the resistance is lower than GaAs tunnel junction. The efficiency of a CGS/CIS tandem solar cells was 24.1% with buffer layers. And no significant degradations are expected due to broken gap junction.
Subjects/Keywords: characterization; CIGS; Numerical simulation; Solar cell
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Song, S. (2013). Device Modeling and Characterization for CIGS Solar Cells. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Minnesota. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11299/175340
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Song, Sang. “Device Modeling and Characterization for CIGS Solar Cells.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Minnesota. Accessed December 08, 2019.
http://hdl.handle.net/11299/175340.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Song, Sang. “Device Modeling and Characterization for CIGS Solar Cells.” 2013. Web. 08 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Song S. Device Modeling and Characterization for CIGS Solar Cells. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Minnesota; 2013. [cited 2019 Dec 08].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11299/175340.
Council of Science Editors:
Song S. Device Modeling and Characterization for CIGS Solar Cells. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Minnesota; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11299/175340
University of Minnesota
11.
Bontrager, Timothy.
Buffer and Barrier Layers for CIGS Based Tandem Photovoltaics.
Degree: PhD, Electrical Engineering, 2019, University of Minnesota
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11299/202428
► As the world’s energy consumption increases, a technology for energy production that does not release greenhouse gases has become desirable. Of these technologies, solar devices…
(more)
▼ As the world’s energy consumption increases, a technology for energy production that does not release greenhouse gases has become desirable. Of these technologies, solar devices with an absorber composed of copper, indium, gallium, and selenium (CIGS) have become industrially viable. It is possible to increase the efficiency of a CIGS based device by implementing a so-called “tandem” configuration consisting of a wide bandgap device stacked on top of a narrow bandgap device, but actual demonstration of these devices remains elusive. This work seeks to address two concerns that arise during fabrication of this device. The first of these is the diffusion of cadmium from the buffer layer into the narrow bandgap absorber during top cell deposition. In this work, a diffusion barrier has been shown to be a partially effective mechanism for limiting the damages caused by this diffusion. The procedure for depositing the diffusion barrier and the electrical and chemical effects of the diffusion barrier are discussed. The second limitation to a tandem configuration discussed in this work is the optimization of the band structure between the top-cell wide bandgap absorber and the top-cell buffer layer. This interaction is measured directly, and the effect of varying the buffer layer on device efficiency is examined.
Subjects/Keywords: CIGS; Diffusion; Photovoltaics; Zn(O; S)
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APA (6th Edition):
Bontrager, T. (2019). Buffer and Barrier Layers for CIGS Based Tandem Photovoltaics. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Minnesota. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11299/202428
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Bontrager, Timothy. “Buffer and Barrier Layers for CIGS Based Tandem Photovoltaics.” 2019. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Minnesota. Accessed December 08, 2019.
http://hdl.handle.net/11299/202428.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Bontrager, Timothy. “Buffer and Barrier Layers for CIGS Based Tandem Photovoltaics.” 2019. Web. 08 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Bontrager T. Buffer and Barrier Layers for CIGS Based Tandem Photovoltaics. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Minnesota; 2019. [cited 2019 Dec 08].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11299/202428.
Council of Science Editors:
Bontrager T. Buffer and Barrier Layers for CIGS Based Tandem Photovoltaics. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Minnesota; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11299/202428
12.
Aryal, Krishna Prasad.
High Efficiency Ultrathin CIGS Solar Cells.
Degree: PhD, Electrical/Computer Engineering, 2015, Old Dominion University
URL: 9781339126418
;
https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/ece_etds/48
► The global demand for renewable energy is growing rapidly. Increasing the global share of alternative sources of energy would not only bring environmental benefits,…
(more)
▼ The global demand for renewable energy is growing rapidly. Increasing the global share of alternative sources of energy would not only bring environmental benefits, but also enhance overall energy security by diversifying energy supply. Many technology options exist nowadays to harvest the power of the sun, a sustainable energy source, and generate electricity directly from this source via the photovoltaic effect. Among them, Cu(In,Ga)Se
2 (
CIGS) has gained significant momentum as a possible high efficiency and low cost thin film solar cell material. The capacity to scale up any photovoltaic technology is one of the criteria that will determine its long term viability. In the case of
CIGS, many manufacturers are showing the way for GW-scale production capacity. However, as
CIGS technology continues to increase its share of the market, the scarcity and high price of indium will potentially affect its ability to compete with other technologies. One way to avoid this bottleneck is to reduce the importance of indium in the fabrication of the cell simply by reducing its thickness without significant efficiency loss. Reducing the thickness of
CIGS thin film will not only save the material but will also lower the production time and the power needed to produce the cell.
The material properties of Cu(In,Ga)Se
2 thin films are different with deposition process. Many different methods to deposit Cu(In,Ga)Se
2 thin film have been tried until now but Cu(In,Ga)Se
2 thin films prepared by co-evaporation of elemental sources are the most successful due to the control over the sequence of evaporation of individual material. However, the co-evaporation process is a complex process and, depending on the individual sources and substrate temperature, the thin films are grown with different characteristics. The characteristics of these thin films changes with the change in the atomic percentage (at.%) of Cu, In, Ga and Se, which depends on the evaporation conditions. Among different co-evaporation techniques to grow Cu(In,Ga)Se
2, 1-stage, 2-stage and 3-stage co-evaporation processes are the most successful processes.
Co-evaporation process is the best technique for highly efficient
CIGS solar cell but this process needs a precise control of the elemental composition in the vapor flux in order to achieve high quality material, which is not easy to obtain due to the low sticking coefficient of Selenium. One of the major concerns in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin film solar cell fabrication that affect significantly the cell performance during deposition is stoichiometry.
CIGS with low Se samples exhibited very low Cu content, additional chalcopyrite phases, very small grain size, and poor solar cell performance. So it is very important to find the minimal selenium flux to obtain high quality Cu(In,Ga)Se
2 thin film.
During the deposition of ultrathin Cu(In,Ga)Se
2 film with 1-stage, 2-stage and 3-stage co-evaporation processes, real time spectroscopic…
Advisors/Committee Members: Sylvain Marsillac, Hani E. Elsayed-Ali, Gon Namkoong, Gene Hou.
Subjects/Keywords: CIGS solar cell; Electrical and Computer Engineering
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APA (6th Edition):
Aryal, K. P. (2015). High Efficiency Ultrathin CIGS Solar Cells. (Doctoral Dissertation). Old Dominion University. Retrieved from 9781339126418 ; https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/ece_etds/48
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Aryal, Krishna Prasad. “High Efficiency Ultrathin CIGS Solar Cells.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, Old Dominion University. Accessed December 08, 2019.
9781339126418 ; https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/ece_etds/48.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Aryal, Krishna Prasad. “High Efficiency Ultrathin CIGS Solar Cells.” 2015. Web. 08 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Aryal KP. High Efficiency Ultrathin CIGS Solar Cells. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Old Dominion University; 2015. [cited 2019 Dec 08].
Available from: 9781339126418 ; https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/ece_etds/48.
Council of Science Editors:
Aryal KP. High Efficiency Ultrathin CIGS Solar Cells. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Old Dominion University; 2015. Available from: 9781339126418 ; https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/ece_etds/48
13.
Gerthoffer, Arnaud.
Propriétés mécaniques des cellules photovoltaïques à base de CIGS sur substrats en verre ultra-fin : Mechanical properties of CIGS solar cells on ultra-thin glass substrates.
Degree: Docteur es, Mécanique des fluides Energétique, Procédés, 2016, Grenoble Alpes
URL: http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAI077
► L’objectif de ces travaux est d’étudier et de développer des cellules solaires à base de couches minces de CIGS élaborées sur un substrat innovant :…
(more)
▼ L’objectif de ces travaux est d’étudier et de développer des cellules solaires à base de couches minces de CIGS élaborées sur un substrat innovant : le verre ultra-fin. Ce matériau possède des propriétés avantageuses, liées notamment à sa résistance aux températures élevées, à sa légèreté, à son aptitude à bloquer l’humidité, à sa transparence et à une certaine flexibilité mécanique. Nous avons ici cherché à exploiter ces propriétés pour la fabrication de cellules CIGS légères et conformables. D’abord, nous montrons la faisabilité de cellules CIGS sur des substrats en verre ultra-fin de 100 mm d’épaisseur. Nous obtenons un rendement de 12,1 % en utilisant une électrode arrière en bicouche composée d’une couche de Mo pure et d’une couche contenant du sodium, ce qui constitue le record actuel pour la technologie CIGS sur verre ultra-fin. Nous montrons ensuite que les performances des cellules peuvent se détériorer sous l’effet de flexions mécaniques répétées avec un rayon de courbure de 5 cm, en partie en raison de la formation de fissures dans les cellules. Nous présentons ensuite une étude sur les propriétés mécaniques du Mo et du CIGS, réalisée à partir d’essais de nanoindentation. La dureté et le module de Young de ces deux couches sont reportés ainsi que, pour la première fois, la ténacité et les contraintes résiduelles du CIGS. Ces résultats sont ensuite utilisés pour calculer les contraintes générées dans le CIGS lors de la flexion des cellules. Enfin, nous proposons une structure bi-verre optimisée pour limiter les contraintes dans le CIGS en flexion.
The goal of this work is to study and to develop CIGS thin-film solar cells on an innovative substrate: the ultra-thin glass. This material has advantageous properties, mainly attributed to its high temperature resistance, its lightweight, its barrier property against moisture, its transparency and its mechanical flexibility. Here we tried to use these properties for the fabrication of lightweight and conformable CIGS solar cells. First, we demonstrate the feasibility of CIGS solar cells on 100 mm-thick ultra-thin glass substrates. We reached 12.1 % efficiency by using a bilayer back contact consisting of a pure Mo layer and a sodium doped Mo layer, which is up to now the record efficiency for CIGS solar cells on ultra-thin glass substrate. Then we show that solar cell performances can deteriorate under cyclic bending fatigue conditions with a radius of curvature of 5 cm. This is partially explained by the formation of cracks in the cells. Then, we report on the mechanical properties of the Mo and the CIGS layers measured by nanoindentation. The hardness and the Young’s modulus of each layer is given and, for the first time, the toughness and the residual stresses of the CIGS. These results are then used to calculate the CIGS internal stresses when the cells are bent. Finaly, we propose a glass-glass structure optimized to lower the CIGS internal stresses under bending.
Advisors/Committee Members: Perraud, Simon (thesis director).
Subjects/Keywords: Photovoltaïque; Couche mince; Cigs; Verre ultra-Fin; Substrat flexible; Nanoindentation; Photovoltaic; Thin film; Cigs; Ultra-Thin glass; Flexible substrate; Nanoindentation; 620
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APA ·
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Export
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Gerthoffer, A. (2016). Propriétés mécaniques des cellules photovoltaïques à base de CIGS sur substrats en verre ultra-fin : Mechanical properties of CIGS solar cells on ultra-thin glass substrates. (Doctoral Dissertation). Grenoble Alpes. Retrieved from http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAI077
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Gerthoffer, Arnaud. “Propriétés mécaniques des cellules photovoltaïques à base de CIGS sur substrats en verre ultra-fin : Mechanical properties of CIGS solar cells on ultra-thin glass substrates.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, Grenoble Alpes. Accessed December 08, 2019.
http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAI077.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Gerthoffer, Arnaud. “Propriétés mécaniques des cellules photovoltaïques à base de CIGS sur substrats en verre ultra-fin : Mechanical properties of CIGS solar cells on ultra-thin glass substrates.” 2016. Web. 08 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Gerthoffer A. Propriétés mécaniques des cellules photovoltaïques à base de CIGS sur substrats en verre ultra-fin : Mechanical properties of CIGS solar cells on ultra-thin glass substrates. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Grenoble Alpes; 2016. [cited 2019 Dec 08].
Available from: http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAI077.
Council of Science Editors:
Gerthoffer A. Propriétés mécaniques des cellules photovoltaïques à base de CIGS sur substrats en verre ultra-fin : Mechanical properties of CIGS solar cells on ultra-thin glass substrates. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Grenoble Alpes; 2016. Available from: http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAI077
Université de Grenoble
14.
Roger, Charles.
Developpement de cellules photovoltaïques à base de CIGS sur substrats métalliques. : Development of CIGS photovoltaic solar cells on metallic substrates.
Degree: Docteur es, Génie civil, 2013, Université de Grenoble
URL: http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENI050
► Ces travaux de thèse ont pour but de développer des cellules photovoltaïques à base de Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) sur des substrats métalliques. L'objectif principal consiste à…
(more)
▼ Ces travaux de thèse ont pour but de développer des cellules photovoltaïques à base de Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) sur des substrats métalliques. L'objectif principal consiste à résoudre les différentes problématiques liées à l'utilisation de ces substrats (Ti et acier inoxydable) en s'appuyant sur une adaptation de l'électrode arrière. L'étude est focalisée sur l'élaboration de contacts arrière en Mo par pulvérisation cathodique. Dans un premier temps, des contacts arrières en monocouches et en bicouches sont comparés, démontrant les intérêts des structures en bicouches. Ces dernières sont obtenues en utilisant successivement deux pressions différentes pendant le dépôt du contact arrière. Nous montrons que la pression utilisée pendant le dépôt de la couche inférieure influe sur la morphologie de la couche supérieure. Il en résulte des modifications de l'orientation cristalline du CIGS et des performances photovoltaïques. Dans une seconde étude, la couche inférieure est déposée à partir d'une cible de molybdène contenant du sodium (Mo:Na) afin d'apporter du Na dans le CIGS. Les différences entre le Mo et le Mo:Na sont d'abord étudiées. Nous montrons ensuite que la diffusion du sodium vers le CIGS dépend de la pression de dépôt de la couche de Mo:Na. Dans le cas de substrats en Ti, des rendements équivalents aux substrats en verre sodo-calcique sont obtenus en utilisant le molybdène dopé au sodium. Nous montrons aussi qu'en présence de sodium, l'effet de la pression de dépôt de la couche inférieure sur les performances est minimisé.
This PhD work is focused on the development of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) solar cells on metallic substrates. The main goal is to fix various issues related to the replacement of the standard soda-lime glass substrates by metallic substrates (Ti and stainless steel foils), through optimizing and functionalizing of the back contact. Thus, the study is focused on the development of DC-sputtered Mo back contacts. First, monolayer-based and bilayer-based back contacts are compared, demonstrating the interests of the bilayers. The latter are obtained by successively using two different deposition pressures during the DC-sputtering of the back contact. We show that the deposition pressure of the bottom layer of the back contact influences the morphology of the top layer. This leads to changes in the cristallographic properties of the CIGS and in the global device performance. In a second study, the bottom layer is deposited using a Na-doped Mo sputtering target (Mo:Na), in order to use the back contact as a sodium precursor for the CIGS. The differences between the sputtered Mo and Mo:Na layers are first studied. Then, we show that sodium diffusion depends on the deposition pressure of the Mo:Na layer. On Ti substrates, conversion efficiencies as high as on the glass substrates were reached using the Mo:Na layers. It is also shown that when sodium is present, the effect of the deposition pressure of the bottom layer on the device performance is reduced.
Advisors/Committee Members: Brioude, Arnaud (thesis director).
Subjects/Keywords: CIGS; Photovoltaïque; Barrière de diffusion; Couche mince; Pulvérisation cathodique; Évaporation; CIGS; Photovoltaic; Diffusion barrier; Thin film; Sputtering; Evaporation
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APA (6th Edition):
Roger, C. (2013). Developpement de cellules photovoltaïques à base de CIGS sur substrats métalliques. : Development of CIGS photovoltaic solar cells on metallic substrates. (Doctoral Dissertation). Université de Grenoble. Retrieved from http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENI050
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Roger, Charles. “Developpement de cellules photovoltaïques à base de CIGS sur substrats métalliques. : Development of CIGS photovoltaic solar cells on metallic substrates.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, Université de Grenoble. Accessed December 08, 2019.
http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENI050.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Roger, Charles. “Developpement de cellules photovoltaïques à base de CIGS sur substrats métalliques. : Development of CIGS photovoltaic solar cells on metallic substrates.” 2013. Web. 08 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Roger C. Developpement de cellules photovoltaïques à base de CIGS sur substrats métalliques. : Development of CIGS photovoltaic solar cells on metallic substrates. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Université de Grenoble; 2013. [cited 2019 Dec 08].
Available from: http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENI050.
Council of Science Editors:
Roger C. Developpement de cellules photovoltaïques à base de CIGS sur substrats métalliques. : Development of CIGS photovoltaic solar cells on metallic substrates. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Université de Grenoble; 2013. Available from: http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENI050
15.
Mollica, Fabien.
Optimization of ultra-thin Cu(In,Ga)Se2 based solar cells with alternative back-contacts : Optimisation de cellules solaires ultra-minces à base de Cu(In,Ga)Se2 avec contact arrière alternatif.
Degree: Docteur es, Physique et Chimie des Matériaux, 2016, Université Pierre et Marie Curie – Paris VI
URL: http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066556
► En quelques années, l'efficacité des cellules solaires à base de Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) est passée de 20% à 22.6%. La rapidité de ce développement montre que…
(more)
▼ En quelques années, l'efficacité des cellules solaires à base de Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) est passée de 20% à 22.6%. La rapidité de ce développement montre que le CIGS est un matériaux idéal pour les technologies solaires en couches minces. Pourtant, le coût de production cette technologie doit encore être abaissé pour une meilleure compétitivité. La fabrication d'un module avec une couche CIGS plus fine permettrait d'augmenter la production d'une usine et de réduire sa consommation en métaux. Ce travail de thèse vise à réduire l'épaisseur du CIGS d'un standard de 2.0-2.5 µm à une épaisseur inférieure à 500 nm sans altérer les performances des cellules. Cependant, comme rapporté dans la littérature, nous avons observé une diminution des rendements, ce que nous avons analysé en détail en comparant simulations et caractérisations d'échantillons. Celle-ci est causée à la fois par une faible absorption de la lumière dans la couche de CIGS et par un impact important du contact arrière (fortes recombinaisons et faible réflectivité). Pour dépasser ces limites, nous démontrons à la fois théoriquement et expérimentalement que le contact arrière en molybdène peut être remplacé par un oxyde transparent conducteur couplé à un miroir métallique. Nous obtenons de cette manière de meilleurs rendements de cellules. Pour atteindre ce résultat, une optimisation du dépôt de CIGS a été nécessaire. De plus, nous prouvons qu'une couche d'oxyde perforée, insérée entre le CIGS et le contact arrière, limite les recombinaisons des porteurs de charges et réduit l'influence des courants parallèles. Au final, nous avons fabriqué une cellule avec un rendement de 10.7% sur SnO2:F passivé par Al2O3.
In the past three years, record efficiency of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) based solar cells has improved from 20% up to 22.6%. These results show that CIGS absorber is ideal for thin-film solar cells, even if this technology could be more competitive with a lower manufacture cost. The fabrication of devices with thinner CIGS absorbers is a way to increase the throughput of a factory and to reduce material consumption. This PhD thesis aims to develop cells with a CIGS thickness below 500 nm instead of the conventional 2.0-2.5 µm. However, as reported in the literature, we observed a decrease in cell performance. We carefully analyzed this effect by the comparison between simulations and sample characterizations: it is attributed, on one hand, to a lack of light absorption in the CIGS layer and, on the other hand, to an increased impact of the back-contact (high recombination and low reflectivity). To resolve these problems, we demonstrated theoretically and experimentally that the use of an alternative back-contact, other than molybdenum, such as a transparent conducting oxide coupled with a light reflector, improves the cell efficiency. To achieve this result, an optimization of the CIGS deposition was necessary. Moreover, we proved that a porous oxide layer inserted between the CIGS and the back-contact limits the charge-carrier recombination and removes some…
Advisors/Committee Members: Jubault, Marie (thesis director), Naghavi, Negar (thesis director).
Subjects/Keywords: Photovoltaïque; Couche mince; Oxyde transparent conducteur; Ultra-Mince; Couche de passivation; CIGS; Photovoltaic; CIGS; Thin-film; 541.3
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APA (6th Edition):
Mollica, F. (2016). Optimization of ultra-thin Cu(In,Ga)Se2 based solar cells with alternative back-contacts : Optimisation de cellules solaires ultra-minces à base de Cu(In,Ga)Se2 avec contact arrière alternatif. (Doctoral Dissertation). Université Pierre et Marie Curie – Paris VI. Retrieved from http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066556
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Mollica, Fabien. “Optimization of ultra-thin Cu(In,Ga)Se2 based solar cells with alternative back-contacts : Optimisation de cellules solaires ultra-minces à base de Cu(In,Ga)Se2 avec contact arrière alternatif.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, Université Pierre et Marie Curie – Paris VI. Accessed December 08, 2019.
http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066556.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Mollica, Fabien. “Optimization of ultra-thin Cu(In,Ga)Se2 based solar cells with alternative back-contacts : Optimisation de cellules solaires ultra-minces à base de Cu(In,Ga)Se2 avec contact arrière alternatif.” 2016. Web. 08 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Mollica F. Optimization of ultra-thin Cu(In,Ga)Se2 based solar cells with alternative back-contacts : Optimisation de cellules solaires ultra-minces à base de Cu(In,Ga)Se2 avec contact arrière alternatif. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Université Pierre et Marie Curie – Paris VI; 2016. [cited 2019 Dec 08].
Available from: http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066556.
Council of Science Editors:
Mollica F. Optimization of ultra-thin Cu(In,Ga)Se2 based solar cells with alternative back-contacts : Optimisation de cellules solaires ultra-minces à base de Cu(In,Ga)Se2 avec contact arrière alternatif. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Université Pierre et Marie Curie – Paris VI; 2016. Available from: http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066556
Freie Universität Berlin
16.
Bäcker, Jan-Peter.
Echtzeit-Untersuchungen der schnellen thermischen Reaktion von Cu-In-Ga Vorläuferschichten zu Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Dünnschicht-Solarzellenabsorbern.
Degree: 2018, Freie Universität Berlin
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.17169/refubium-293
► Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) wird als Absorberschicht für die Herstellung von Dünnschicht-Solarzellen eingesetzt. Ein industriell relevanter Ansatz zur kostengünstigen und schnellen Herstellung von CIGS ist der sequentielle…
(more)
▼ Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (
CIGS) wird als Absorberschicht für die Herstellung von Dünnschicht-Solarzellen eingesetzt. Ein industriell relevanter Ansatz zur kostengünstigen und schnellen Herstellung von
CIGS ist der sequentielle Prozess. Der in dieser Arbeit angewandte sequentielle Prozess basiert auf dem Sputtern einer Cu-In-Ga-Vorläuferschicht, der dann in Se-Dampf aufgeheizt wird um innerhalb von Minuten zu einer
CIGS-Schicht zu reagieren (Selenisierung). Der sequentielle Prozess führt jedoch typischerweise zu einer Ga-Segregation am Rückkontakt. Die beobachtete Ga-Segregation verhindert das Einstellen der effektiven Bandlücke, um Solarzellen mit höherer Effizienz zu erreichen. Eine ausreichende Anpassung des Ga-Tiefenprofils bei der schnellen Selenisierung in Se-Dampf wurde bisher nicht erreicht. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, die physikalischen Ursachen von Ga-Segregation zu identifizieren und die starke Ga-Segregation innerhalb eines schnellen sequentiellen Prozesses zu verhindern.
Der Einfluss eines i) verzögerten Se-Angebots sowie ii) des Se-Partialdruckes auf die Kinetik wurden untersucht.
Die Untersuchung ergab, dass i) ein verzögertes Se-Angebot zu lateraler Phasensegregation und Entnetzung führen kann. Die Ergebnisse zeigen die Möglichkeit und das Erweitern des Parameterraums für die verzögerte Selenisierung mit einem vorherigen Aufheizen von bis zu 580 °C durch schnelle Aufheizraten oder einer zusätzlichen NaF-Schicht auf dem Vorläufer. ii) Die Steuerung des Se-Angebots wurde durch Verdampfen von Se aus einer externen Quelle erreicht. Zum besseren Verständnis des Wachstums von
CIGS wurde die Entwicklung von Phasen und deren Tiefenverteilung mit einer simultanen in situ EDXRD/EDXRF-Methode untersucht. Durch den Vergleich der gemessenen mit numerisch berechneten Fluoreszenzintensitäten wurde ein schematisches Modell für die Entwicklung der Phasentiefenverteilung während der Selenisierung ermittelt. Zwei verschiedene Wachstumspfade wurden analysiert, einer mit starker Ga-Segregation und einer mit Ga-Homogenisierung. Für Ersteren war es möglich, die Bildung und die Dauer der Anwesenheit von Cu2−xSe und die Position im oberflächennahen Teil des Films zum ersten Mal mit dieser Methode nachzuweisen.
Die Absenkung der Temperatur der Se-Quelle entspricht einem geringeren Se-Angebot und war der Schlüssel zur Verhinderung der Ga-Segregation im Absorber. Dieses Wachstum mit Ga-Homogenisierung wurde erstmals mit einer in situ-Methode beobachtet. In diesem Fall wurde eine andere Entwicklung der Phasenbildung und des Tiefenprofils beobachtet. Eine Folge des geringen Se-Angebots war eine längere Anwesenheit der Zwischenphasen InSe und γ-Cu9(In,Ga)4. Bei 500 °C bewegen sich Ga und Cu schnell in Richtung der Oberfläche und die minimale Bandlücke des resultierenden Absorbers wird vergrößert. Ein schematisches Wachstumsmodell wird vorgeschlagen. Dieser Herstellung wird eine wichtige Rolle für eine zukünftige industriell relevante Technologie zugeschrieben.
Die Nutzung der
CIGS-Herstellung mit einer höheren Ga-Konzentration nahe…
Advisors/Committee Members: male (gender), Lips, Klaus (firstReferee), Schlatmann, Rutger (furtherReferee).
Subjects/Keywords: CIGS; Photovoltaic; Rapid thermal processing; Solar cells; Photovoltaik; CIGS; Ga-Segregation; Ga-Homogenisierung; 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::530 Physik
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APA ·
Chicago ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Bäcker, J. (2018). Echtzeit-Untersuchungen der schnellen thermischen Reaktion von Cu-In-Ga Vorläuferschichten zu Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Dünnschicht-Solarzellenabsorbern. (Thesis). Freie Universität Berlin. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.17169/refubium-293
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Bäcker, Jan-Peter. “Echtzeit-Untersuchungen der schnellen thermischen Reaktion von Cu-In-Ga Vorläuferschichten zu Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Dünnschicht-Solarzellenabsorbern.” 2018. Thesis, Freie Universität Berlin. Accessed December 08, 2019.
http://dx.doi.org/10.17169/refubium-293.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Bäcker, Jan-Peter. “Echtzeit-Untersuchungen der schnellen thermischen Reaktion von Cu-In-Ga Vorläuferschichten zu Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Dünnschicht-Solarzellenabsorbern.” 2018. Web. 08 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Bäcker J. Echtzeit-Untersuchungen der schnellen thermischen Reaktion von Cu-In-Ga Vorläuferschichten zu Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Dünnschicht-Solarzellenabsorbern. [Internet] [Thesis]. Freie Universität Berlin; 2018. [cited 2019 Dec 08].
Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.17169/refubium-293.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Bäcker J. Echtzeit-Untersuchungen der schnellen thermischen Reaktion von Cu-In-Ga Vorläuferschichten zu Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Dünnschicht-Solarzellenabsorbern. [Thesis]. Freie Universität Berlin; 2018. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.17169/refubium-293
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Loughborough University
17.
Eeles, Alexander.
Performance characterisation of photovoltaic devices : managing the effects of high capacitance and metastability.
Degree: PhD, 2016, Loughborough University
URL: https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/23254
;
http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.702988
► It is essential to make performance measurements of photovoltaics modules in order to quantify the power they will produce under operational conditions. Performance measurements are…
(more)
▼ It is essential to make performance measurements of photovoltaics modules in order to quantify the power they will produce under operational conditions. Performance measurements are fundamental throughout the photovoltaic industry, from product development to quality control in manufacturing and installation in the field. Rapid and economic evaluation of photovoltaic performance requires measurements using pulsed illumination solar simulators. However some devices have characteristics which can cause difficulties making these measurements. The aim of this thesis is to overcome these measurement problems focusing particularly on two of the most prevalent and pressing of these problematic characteristics: high capacitance and metastability. A new method for measuring high capacitance modules in a pulsed simulator, based on tailor made voltage ramps, was developed. The voltage ramp is tailor made such that the measurement time is minimised while maintaining high accuracy (0.5 %), allowing the measurement of high capacitance modules in a single 10ms illumination pulse. The necessary inputs for this method are the capacitance and dark current as a function of voltage for each module. In order to make these measurements, at the high forward bias voltages required, a new system was developed. The tailored voltage ramp can be created individually for each module, since the process is rapid an automatic. This makes the method applicable to a production line or to test house measurements. In addition to their use as inputs for the voltage ramp design, the capacitance and dark current also contain other valuable information, including effective minority carrier lifetime. In several thin film technologies, such as CIGS, the efficiency is not a fixed value, rather the module is metastable and the efficiency changes depending on the previous exposure /preconditioning of the device. Preconditioning is normally applied to these devices before measurement in order to put them in a specific state that is repeatable and representative of outdoor operation. Improved preconditioning practices are vital for performance measurements in CIGS modules. Therefore the preconditioning behaviour of a variety of CIGS modules from different manufacturers was investigated. The effect of preconditioning varied for different modules, commonly the fill factor improved substantially, but often changes in open circuit voltage were also seen and in some cases also substantial changes in short circuit current. The rates of preconditioning and relaxation were found to follow stretched exponential behaviour, such that the changes occur linearly on a logarithmic timescale over several orders of magnitude in time. The total time for performance stabilisation was found to vary significantly between different types of module. Because of this stretched exponential behaviour, even though the module took days to fully relax to the dark state, there was significant relaxation within the tens of minutes that it would normally take a module to cool down after light…
Subjects/Keywords: 621.31; Photovoltaics; Solar energy; Performance characterisation; Energy yield; CIGS; Capacitance
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APA (6th Edition):
Eeles, A. (2016). Performance characterisation of photovoltaic devices : managing the effects of high capacitance and metastability. (Doctoral Dissertation). Loughborough University. Retrieved from https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/23254 ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.702988
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Eeles, Alexander. “Performance characterisation of photovoltaic devices : managing the effects of high capacitance and metastability.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, Loughborough University. Accessed December 08, 2019.
https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/23254 ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.702988.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Eeles, Alexander. “Performance characterisation of photovoltaic devices : managing the effects of high capacitance and metastability.” 2016. Web. 08 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Eeles A. Performance characterisation of photovoltaic devices : managing the effects of high capacitance and metastability. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Loughborough University; 2016. [cited 2019 Dec 08].
Available from: https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/23254 ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.702988.
Council of Science Editors:
Eeles A. Performance characterisation of photovoltaic devices : managing the effects of high capacitance and metastability. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Loughborough University; 2016. Available from: https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/23254 ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.702988
The Ohio State University
18.
Hetzer, Michael.
Chemical and Electronic Characterization of Copper Indium
Gallium Diselenide Thin Film Solar Cells and Correlation of these
Characteristics to Solar Cell Operation.
Degree: PhD, Physics, 2009, The Ohio State University
URL: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1235494047
► This dissertation embodies solid state physics research to understand the basic physical mechanisms underlying the movement of charge inside solar cells, in particular, the high…
(more)
▼ This dissertation embodies solid state physics
research to understand the basic physical mechanisms underlying the
movement of charge inside solar cells, in particular, the high
efficiency copper indium gallium diselenide (
CIGS) solar cell. The
fundamental physics of the operation of these complex
polycrystalline alloys remains incompletely understood.
CIGS based
solar cells have obtained conversion efficiencies of nearly 20%.
Solar cells based on this material have been examined in this work
using high resolution, atomic scale techniques to better understand
the fundamental operation of these solar cells as well as
correlating these basic properties to the operation of the finished
full solar cell devices. Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES)
measurements of the chemical composition taken with nanometer
resolution in an ultra high vacuum secondary electron microscope
show evidence for compositional changes at the grain boundaries of
the
CIGS layer. These findings support theoretical calculations
that predict higher solar cell performance as a result.
Additionally, measurements have been taken with cathodoluminescence
spectroscopy (CLS) studying the band structure locally within the
CIGS layers. Significant variation is present in the resulting
spectra, even within single grains indicating improved uniformity
could be a path to better solar cell operation. Attempts to
correlate the chemical composition and the energy band structure
using AES and CLS measurements have yielded some interesting
initial results but more work remains to be done to obtain a deeper
understanding of the physics involved in these solar cells.
Correlations have been observed between the energy band structure
and the performance parameters of the solar cell, such as
efficiency. These results indicate the possibility of alloying
between the different layers of the solar cell and also that this
intermixing is detrimental to the performance of the solar cell.
This work has revealed important fundamental characteristics of
these materials regarding changes in the atomic composition and
energy band structure and how these changes influence the
performance of the
CIGS layer.
Advisors/Committee Members: Brillson, Leonard (Advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Physics; Solar Cell; CIGS; Physics; Thin Film Solar Cell
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APA (6th Edition):
Hetzer, M. (2009). Chemical and Electronic Characterization of Copper Indium
Gallium Diselenide Thin Film Solar Cells and Correlation of these
Characteristics to Solar Cell Operation. (Doctoral Dissertation). The Ohio State University. Retrieved from http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1235494047
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Hetzer, Michael. “Chemical and Electronic Characterization of Copper Indium
Gallium Diselenide Thin Film Solar Cells and Correlation of these
Characteristics to Solar Cell Operation.” 2009. Doctoral Dissertation, The Ohio State University. Accessed December 08, 2019.
http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1235494047.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Hetzer, Michael. “Chemical and Electronic Characterization of Copper Indium
Gallium Diselenide Thin Film Solar Cells and Correlation of these
Characteristics to Solar Cell Operation.” 2009. Web. 08 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Hetzer M. Chemical and Electronic Characterization of Copper Indium
Gallium Diselenide Thin Film Solar Cells and Correlation of these
Characteristics to Solar Cell Operation. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. The Ohio State University; 2009. [cited 2019 Dec 08].
Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1235494047.
Council of Science Editors:
Hetzer M. Chemical and Electronic Characterization of Copper Indium
Gallium Diselenide Thin Film Solar Cells and Correlation of these
Characteristics to Solar Cell Operation. [Doctoral Dissertation]. The Ohio State University; 2009. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1235494047
University of Toledo
19.
Liu, Qiudi.
Optimization and Characterization of Transparent Oxide
Layers for CIGS solar cells fabrication.
Degree: MS, Physics, 2007, University of Toledo
URL: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1187376131
► In this thesis, we studied the structural, electrical, and optical properties of three different transparent oxides compounds in their thin film forms. These three compounds…
(more)
▼ In this thesis, we studied the structural, electrical,
and optical properties of three different transparent oxides
compounds in their thin film forms. These three compounds were
aluminum doped zinc oxide (ZnO:Al), indium tin oxide (ITO) and
intrinsic zinc oxide (ZnO). These films are a critical part of
Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells, as they play the role of the front
contact collecting the photo-generated carriers while letting the
photons penetrate into the active semiconductor layers. The films
were deposited by radio frequency (r.f.) magnetron sputtering on
soda lime glass. We investigated the change of the thin film
properties in terms of the main deposition parameters: deposition
pressure, substrate temperature, and target r.f. power. Similar
trends were found for ZnO:Al and ITO, which were correlated with
results from the literature. The optical band gap and the
conductivity tend to decrease for increased deposition pressure,
while they increase for increased substrate temperature or target
power. The crystallinity and the surface roughness tend to increase
for an increase of all three parameters, even if some parabolic
shapes are obtained for some of the properties. For the ZnO films,
the optical band gap and the conductivity do not change with the
deposition pressure, substrate temperature or target power, while
the crystallinity and the surface roughness tend to increase. These
results were correlated with references from other research
group.
Advisors/Committee Members: Marsillac, Sylvain (Advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Physics, Condensed Matter; Solar cells; CIGS; Sputtering; TCO layer
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APA (6th Edition):
Liu, Q. (2007). Optimization and Characterization of Transparent Oxide
Layers for CIGS solar cells fabrication. (Masters Thesis). University of Toledo. Retrieved from http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1187376131
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Liu, Qiudi. “Optimization and Characterization of Transparent Oxide
Layers for CIGS solar cells fabrication.” 2007. Masters Thesis, University of Toledo. Accessed December 08, 2019.
http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1187376131.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Liu, Qiudi. “Optimization and Characterization of Transparent Oxide
Layers for CIGS solar cells fabrication.” 2007. Web. 08 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Liu Q. Optimization and Characterization of Transparent Oxide
Layers for CIGS solar cells fabrication. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Toledo; 2007. [cited 2019 Dec 08].
Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1187376131.
Council of Science Editors:
Liu Q. Optimization and Characterization of Transparent Oxide
Layers for CIGS solar cells fabrication. [Masters Thesis]. University of Toledo; 2007. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1187376131
NSYSU
20.
Chiu, Pei-Ju.
A Study on the Double-Beam Laser Scribing Process for CIGS Thin Film Solar Cells.
Degree: Master, Mechanical and Electro-Mechanical Engineering, 2013, NSYSU
URL: http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0631113-162832
► The finite element method has been employed to simulate the double-beam laser scribing on the Pattern 1 process of CuInGaSe2-based thin film solar cells (CIGS).…
(more)
▼ The finite element method has been employed to simulate the double-beam laser scribing on the Pattern 1 process of CuInGaSe2-based thin film solar cells (
CIGS). The advantages of high concentrated power and manufacturing accuracy of laser beam have been used to remove the Mo thin film on the substrate. The thermal-elastic-plastic finite element models in company with temperature dependent material properties are applied to characterize the heating process during the laser scribing. The effects of laser scribing parameters, e.g. power, scribing speed, and the distance of two lasers, on the single-beam and double-beam laser scribing of Pattern 1 process are also studied in this work respectively.
Three double-beam laser scribing processes with different speed have been proposed and investigated. The temperature and thermal stress distributions around the vaporizing pools during the scribing process have been simulated and studied. The distributions of residual stress induced in this scribing process have also been studied by employed the inactive elements method in MARC software.
Advisors/Committee Members: Yung-Chuan Chen (chair), Der-Min Tsay (chair), Bo-wen Huang (chair), Ying-Chien Tsai (chair), Jao-Hwa Kuang (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Pattern 1; Double-Beam Laser Scribing; CIGS Thin Film Solar Cells
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APA (6th Edition):
Chiu, P. (2013). A Study on the Double-Beam Laser Scribing Process for CIGS Thin Film Solar Cells. (Thesis). NSYSU. Retrieved from http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0631113-162832
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Chiu, Pei-Ju. “A Study on the Double-Beam Laser Scribing Process for CIGS Thin Film Solar Cells.” 2013. Thesis, NSYSU. Accessed December 08, 2019.
http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0631113-162832.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Chiu, Pei-Ju. “A Study on the Double-Beam Laser Scribing Process for CIGS Thin Film Solar Cells.” 2013. Web. 08 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Chiu P. A Study on the Double-Beam Laser Scribing Process for CIGS Thin Film Solar Cells. [Internet] [Thesis]. NSYSU; 2013. [cited 2019 Dec 08].
Available from: http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0631113-162832.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Chiu P. A Study on the Double-Beam Laser Scribing Process for CIGS Thin Film Solar Cells. [Thesis]. NSYSU; 2013. Available from: http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0631113-162832
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
NSYSU
21.
Wang, Jian-yuan.
A Cd-free and ZnS based CIGS Solar Cell with a Wide-Bandgap InGaP Secondary Layer.
Degree: Master, Electrical Engineering, 2013, NSYSU
URL: http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0712113-102028
► In this thesis, we propose two solar cell structures. One is the Cd-free and ZnS based CIGS solar cell with a wide-bandgap InGaP secondary layer,…
(more)
▼ In this thesis, we propose two solar cell structures. One is the Cd-free and ZnS based
CIGS solar cell with a wide-bandgap InGaP secondary layer, and the other is back-to-back parallel solar cell. We add an InGaP secondary layer between the ZnS buffer layer and
CIGS absorber layer in the conventional ZnO/ZnS/
CIGS/Mo structure. According to the simulation, the voltage can be improved 2.47 times by using a wide-bandgap InGaP material. Also, the conversion efficiency has been increased about 10 %. In order to make up reduction of the current density, we use the back-to-back parallel structure to improve the current density to 33 % and the conversion efficiency can be ameliorated 34 %.
In addition, we connect the back electrodes of the same two solar cells to form back-to-back parallel solar cell. The back-to-back parallel solar cell is constituted by upper electrode/solar cell/back electrode/solar cell/upper electrode. We discuss many of materials to form back-to-back parallel solar cell, such as Si, GaP/Si, a-Si, GaAs, tandem GaAs, CdTe,
CIGS,
CIGS with InGaP. The simulation results show that the current density can be increased due to the use of back-to-back parallel form. Therefore, the conversion efficiency also can be improved.
Advisors/Committee Members: Jenn-Gwo Hwu (chair), Shui-Hsiang Su (chair), Jyi-Tsong Lin (committee member), Meiso YOKOYAMA (chair), Yao-Tsung Tsai (chair).
Subjects/Keywords: ZnS; InGaP; Back-to-Back parallel; Secondary Layer; CIGS
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APA (6th Edition):
Wang, J. (2013). A Cd-free and ZnS based CIGS Solar Cell with a Wide-Bandgap InGaP Secondary Layer. (Thesis). NSYSU. Retrieved from http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0712113-102028
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Wang, Jian-yuan. “A Cd-free and ZnS based CIGS Solar Cell with a Wide-Bandgap InGaP Secondary Layer.” 2013. Thesis, NSYSU. Accessed December 08, 2019.
http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0712113-102028.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Wang, Jian-yuan. “A Cd-free and ZnS based CIGS Solar Cell with a Wide-Bandgap InGaP Secondary Layer.” 2013. Web. 08 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Wang J. A Cd-free and ZnS based CIGS Solar Cell with a Wide-Bandgap InGaP Secondary Layer. [Internet] [Thesis]. NSYSU; 2013. [cited 2019 Dec 08].
Available from: http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0712113-102028.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Wang J. A Cd-free and ZnS based CIGS Solar Cell with a Wide-Bandgap InGaP Secondary Layer. [Thesis]. NSYSU; 2013. Available from: http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0712113-102028
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
NSYSU
22.
Ruan, Wei-Sin.
Preparation of Copper Indium Gallium Selenide Films.
Degree: Master, Electrical Engineering, 2014, NSYSU
URL: http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0727114-134025
► Low cost and high efficiency are continuous interests for the fabrication of solar cells. I-III-VI compound semiconductor Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) is the most important absorber material…
(more)
▼ Low cost and high efficiency are continuous interests for the fabrication of solar cells. I-III-VI compound semiconductor Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (
CIGS) is the most important absorber material in developing thin film solar cells. The band gap of
CIGS varies from about 1.0 to 1.7 eV, which is within the maximum solar absorption region. This is very important for the optimum conversion efficiency. The extraordinarily high absorption coefficient from direct band gap leads to thinner thickness and lower fabrication cost for its use in thin film solar cells. In this experiment, we deposited CuInGa and Cu(In,Ga)Se2 alloy layers on soda-lime glasses by RF sputtering separately and then used selenization process to form Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin films. We study the effects of selenized temperatures and processes on the qualities and characteristics of
CIGS thin film.
Advisors/Committee Members: Min-Yan Ye (chair), Ying-Chung Chen (committee member), Ming-Kwei Lee (committee member), Chih-Feng Yen (chair), Jeng Gong (chair).
Subjects/Keywords: selenization; film; two-stage; one-stage; sputtering; CIGS; CIG
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APA (6th Edition):
Ruan, W. (2014). Preparation of Copper Indium Gallium Selenide Films. (Thesis). NSYSU. Retrieved from http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0727114-134025
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Ruan, Wei-Sin. “Preparation of Copper Indium Gallium Selenide Films.” 2014. Thesis, NSYSU. Accessed December 08, 2019.
http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0727114-134025.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Ruan, Wei-Sin. “Preparation of Copper Indium Gallium Selenide Films.” 2014. Web. 08 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Ruan W. Preparation of Copper Indium Gallium Selenide Films. [Internet] [Thesis]. NSYSU; 2014. [cited 2019 Dec 08].
Available from: http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0727114-134025.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Ruan W. Preparation of Copper Indium Gallium Selenide Films. [Thesis]. NSYSU; 2014. Available from: http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0727114-134025
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
NSYSU
23.
Liao, Yung-da.
Study on co-evaporation process of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 with Sb.
Degree: Master, Materials and Optoelectronic Science, 2012, NSYSU
URL: http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0827112-103851
► The study focus on low temperature process with doping antimony to refine the quality of the CI(G)S thin film, and doping gallium to increase energy…
(more)
▼ The study focus on low temperature process with doping antimony to refine the quality of the CI(G)S thin film, and doping gallium to increase energy band gap in two-stage co-evaporation process. Furthermore, we discuss about the variety of crystal structure, and recognize the value of energy band gap in transmission spectra.
It has been achieved to increase the energy band gap of material with doping gallium. Recognizing the shift of XRD pattern and research result from papers, I estimate the content ratio of gallium in â¢A atoms is 0.28~0.29, near my establishment ratio 0.3.
By tuning the molecular beam flux of antimony effusion cell from 1.1Ã1013 atoms/cm2second to 2.2Ã1014 atoms/cm2second , to find out the property content of antimony involving of co-evaporation to optimize the quality of the CI(G)S polycrystalline thin film. We just observed that the thin film with antimony involving make effect of smoother and denser surface morphology.
In our study, we also try discontinue supplying the antimony vapor to reduce the amount of antimony which involves the reaction process, and make low content of antimony leaved in the CI(G)S thin film. Here, We found out a special effect of the grain- growth of the CI(G)S thin film supplying antimony continually or not in the process. It should be strong (112) prefer orientation when we deposit the thin film using SLG substrate. However, we found out that antimony enhance the (220/204) .
Advisors/Committee Members: Mau-phon Houng (chair), Tsung-ming Tsai (chair), Bae-heng Tseng (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: thin film; grain; antimony; co-evaporation; CIS; CIGS; low temperature process
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APA ·
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CSE |
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APA (6th Edition):
Liao, Y. (2012). Study on co-evaporation process of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 with Sb. (Thesis). NSYSU. Retrieved from http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0827112-103851
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Liao, Yung-da. “Study on co-evaporation process of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 with Sb.” 2012. Thesis, NSYSU. Accessed December 08, 2019.
http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0827112-103851.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Liao, Yung-da. “Study on co-evaporation process of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 with Sb.” 2012. Web. 08 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Liao Y. Study on co-evaporation process of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 with Sb. [Internet] [Thesis]. NSYSU; 2012. [cited 2019 Dec 08].
Available from: http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0827112-103851.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Liao Y. Study on co-evaporation process of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 with Sb. [Thesis]. NSYSU; 2012. Available from: http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0827112-103851
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
NSYSU
24.
Jian, Chong-Yao.
Fabrication of Sb-doped CIGS by selenization of stacked elemental layer and thin solar cell.
Degree: Master, Materials and Optoelectronic Science, 2012, NSYSU
URL: http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0827112-151146
► This study is using selenization of stacked elemental layers to form Cu(In,Ga)Se2(CIGS). In the process, use Cu/Sb/In/Ga/Se precursor to heat to 550 °C at Se…
(more)
▼ This study is using selenization of stacked elemental layers to form Cu(In,Ga)Se2(
CIGS). In the process, use Cu/Sb/In/Ga/Se precursor to heat to 550 °C at Se vapor in vacuum chamber. From the result of XRDãRaman and EPMA, that show of the precursor do not form to
CIGS. After that, The result of using different layers precursor to form
CIGS show that only Cu/In/GaSe/Se reach to form
CIGS, but it still has second phase. According to the literatureï¼the reason for the formation of
CIGS selenide process due to interdiffusion caused the formation of ternary solid phase, the solid phase diffusion reaction could be hampered.And then change to use rapid thermal selenization to form
CIGS with two step of heating (hold at 300 °C and 650 °C) at N2 atmosphere. The laminated follow the best results in the selenide process Cu/In/GaSe/Se precursors in Se atmosphere, the (112) preferred orientation is 26.8o-26.9o in the XRD results of the fixed process conditions. EPMA composition analysis and comparison of Ga actual amount will increase with the estimated value of the amount of increase(Estimated value 4atom% actual value 2atom%ï¼Estimated value 9.2tom% actual value 10atom%ï¼Ga/â¢=0.32), but the composition has yet to amend. Then will join Sb on
CIGS observed from the SEM results Sb does improve the
CIGS thin film flatness as well as to help grain growth in rapid thermal selenization, grain size of about 1 to 3μm.
Advisors/Committee Members: Mau-Phon Houng (chair), Bae-heng Tseng (committee member), Tsung-ming Tsai (chair).
Subjects/Keywords: CIGS; Sb; selenization; stacked elemental layers; thin film
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APA ·
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MLA ·
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CSE |
Export
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APA (6th Edition):
Jian, C. (2012). Fabrication of Sb-doped CIGS by selenization of stacked elemental layer and thin solar cell. (Thesis). NSYSU. Retrieved from http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0827112-151146
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Jian, Chong-Yao. “Fabrication of Sb-doped CIGS by selenization of stacked elemental layer and thin solar cell.” 2012. Thesis, NSYSU. Accessed December 08, 2019.
http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0827112-151146.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Jian, Chong-Yao. “Fabrication of Sb-doped CIGS by selenization of stacked elemental layer and thin solar cell.” 2012. Web. 08 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Jian C. Fabrication of Sb-doped CIGS by selenization of stacked elemental layer and thin solar cell. [Internet] [Thesis]. NSYSU; 2012. [cited 2019 Dec 08].
Available from: http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0827112-151146.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Jian C. Fabrication of Sb-doped CIGS by selenization of stacked elemental layer and thin solar cell. [Thesis]. NSYSU; 2012. Available from: http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0827112-151146
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of California – Berkeley
25.
Brown, Gregory Ferguson.
The Effects of Non-Uniform Electronic Properties on Thin Film Photovoltaics.
Degree: Materials Science & Engineering, 2011, University of California – Berkeley
URL: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/30t6135k
► Thin film polycrystalline photovoltaics, typically made with CIGS and CdTe absorber layers, are promising sources of renewable energy due to their high efficiencies (>10%) and…
(more)
▼ Thin film polycrystalline photovoltaics, typically made with CIGS and CdTe absorber layers, are promising sources of renewable energy due to their high efficiencies (>10%) and low cost. However, a fundamental understanding of their device physics is lacking. One of the primary reasons for this is the difficulty in modeling and quantifying the influence of electronic non-uniformities on device operation. Contrary to conventional silicon cells, which are typically cut from a monocrystalline ingot with relatively homogenous electronic properties, CIGS and CdTe solar cells exhibit both intentional and unintentional spatial variations in electronic properties. Therefore, in order to develop the physics of these photovoltaics, it is necessary to develop new characterization techniques and methods to probe the spatial variation in electronic properties in these material systems. CIGS solar cells grown at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory were studied using a variety of techniques to quantitatively determine the impact of both intentional and unintentional electronic non-uniformities on device performance. The method of electron beam induced current (EBIC) was extended to characterize the depth dependent electronic properties in compositionally graded absorbers. It was experimentally shown using this EBIC technique that gallium gradients along the depth of the CIGS solar cells improve carrier collection through the introduction of quasi-electric fields. Furthermore, the improvements in the EBIC technique allowed for a quantitative determination of the bulk diffusion length in compositionally graded samples. It was experimentally determined that the bulk diffusion length in CIGS solar cells has no correlation with the device open circuit voltage, in sharp contrast to silicon solar cells. This result could be due to either lateral non-uniformities in the CIGS electronic properties or different defects dominating recombination in the space charge region. Therefore, a theory of electroluminescence intensity was developed for thin film photovoltaics to quantitatively determine the influence of lateral electronic non-uniformities on device performance. Using a combination of electroluminescence and electron beam induced current, it was determined that lateral non-uniformities in the quasi-neutral bulk electronic properties do not dictate device performance. These results show the defect properties in the space charge region strongly influence device performance thereby providing a theoretical justification for the gallium depth profile observed in the highest efficiency CIGS solar cells. Furthermore, non-uniform secondary blocking barriers were experimentally detected on CIGS solar cells using electroluminescence and attributed to an unpinned Fermi-level at the CIGS/CdS interface combined with a conduction band offset. A discussion on how these results influence other characterization techniques and modeling efforts is provided.
Subjects/Keywords: Materials Science; CIGS; Photovoltaics; Solar Cells; Thin Film
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Brown, G. F. (2011). The Effects of Non-Uniform Electronic Properties on Thin Film Photovoltaics. (Thesis). University of California – Berkeley. Retrieved from http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/30t6135k
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Brown, Gregory Ferguson. “The Effects of Non-Uniform Electronic Properties on Thin Film Photovoltaics.” 2011. Thesis, University of California – Berkeley. Accessed December 08, 2019.
http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/30t6135k.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Brown, Gregory Ferguson. “The Effects of Non-Uniform Electronic Properties on Thin Film Photovoltaics.” 2011. Web. 08 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Brown GF. The Effects of Non-Uniform Electronic Properties on Thin Film Photovoltaics. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of California – Berkeley; 2011. [cited 2019 Dec 08].
Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/30t6135k.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Brown GF. The Effects of Non-Uniform Electronic Properties on Thin Film Photovoltaics. [Thesis]. University of California – Berkeley; 2011. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/30t6135k
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
26.
Amouzou, Dodji.
Electrical, Optical and Structural Properties Of Functional Multilayers On Steel Sheets For Potential Applications In Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Solar Cells.
Degree: 2014, DIAL (Belgium)
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2078.2/141802
► Cu(In,Ga)Se2, in short CIGS, solar cells have received considerable attention among photovoltaic solar cells because of their high conversion efficiency, flexibility and lightweight. The challenge…
(more)
▼ Cu(In,Ga)Se2, in short
CIGS, solar cells have received considerable attention among photovoltaic solar cells because of their high conversion efficiency, flexibility and lightweight. The challenge in
CIGS technology nowadays is not only to enhance performances but also to find low cost processing options. The use of
CIGS modules built from monolithic interconnected cells on steel sheets is a promising solution; however it requires an additional dielectric layer interposed between the substrate and the entire active stack. Thus, the focus of this thesis was to elaborate a novel dielectric systems prepared on steel substrates and to optimize molybdenum layers as contacts for the fabrication of “high temperature” flexible
CIGS solar cells. Polysilazane hybrid polymers were identified and explored to act as a dielectric layer for
CIGS solar cells. Coatings were performed on stainless steel substrates using a straightforward “bar coating” deposition method which is suitable for industrial rolling processes. The problem with polysilazane coatings is that they often suffer from thermal instability and cracking due to the high annealing temperature required for growing the
CIGS absorbing layer. Indeed, our thermal analysis reveals an important mass loss of around 25 wt. % for type of polysilazane we use. The mass reduction was assigned to chemical transformations of the polymer evidenced by volatilization of different gases and evolution of solvent. Such degradations show a severe weakening of the dielectric strength of polysilazane coatings. It was shown that polysilazanes can be stabilized after annealing at 550°C. Polysilazane single layers with a thickness below 2 µm are crack-free even after annealing but, unfortunately do not fulfill the dielectric requirements. Single layers with a thickness higher than 2 µm systematically cracked after annealing. With a subtle combination of three layers of polysilazane and a sputtered SiOxAly layer we succeeded in growing a crack-free dielectric stack with total thickness of more or less 4 µm. Constant voltage stress measurements performed on metal-insulating-metal capacitors reveal that such dielectric stacks can tolerate an applied voltage of 1000 V before annealing and 500 V after annealing at 500°C. Optimization of Mo films was then performed on dielectric stacks and a method to produce crack-free and well-adhered Mo films was established. Two solutions were found and each solution was obtained by combining two different layers. Both solutions pass adhesion testing and exhibit very low sheet resistance required for Mo back contacts. The interface between a set of Mo films and polysilazane was also studied. There seems to be a link between Mo-O-Si covalent bonds and good adhesion at the interface. Adhesion loss observed for some Mo/polysilazane samples occurred due to decohesion in polysilazane itself. The decohesion is assigned to the weakening of polysilazane due to the formation of molybdenum carbide at the interface. Finally, the analysis of steel modified by ultra-thin…
Advisors/Committee Members: FUNDP - SPHY_LPME (laboratoire de physique des matériaux électroniques), FUNDP - Ecole doctorale en sciences, Sporken, Robert, Houssiau , Laurent, Fourdrinier, Lionel, Sivananthan, Siva, Terwagne, Guy, Raskin, Jean-Pierre.
Subjects/Keywords: Photovoltaic; Thin film; CIGS; Microstructure; Dielectric; Barrier layer; Molybdenum; Conduction mechanism
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Amouzou, D. (2014). Electrical, Optical and Structural Properties Of Functional Multilayers On Steel Sheets For Potential Applications In Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Solar Cells. (Thesis). DIAL (Belgium). Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2078.2/141802
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Amouzou, Dodji. “Electrical, Optical and Structural Properties Of Functional Multilayers On Steel Sheets For Potential Applications In Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Solar Cells.” 2014. Thesis, DIAL (Belgium). Accessed December 08, 2019.
http://hdl.handle.net/2078.2/141802.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Amouzou, Dodji. “Electrical, Optical and Structural Properties Of Functional Multilayers On Steel Sheets For Potential Applications In Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Solar Cells.” 2014. Web. 08 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Amouzou D. Electrical, Optical and Structural Properties Of Functional Multilayers On Steel Sheets For Potential Applications In Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Solar Cells. [Internet] [Thesis]. DIAL (Belgium); 2014. [cited 2019 Dec 08].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2078.2/141802.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Amouzou D. Electrical, Optical and Structural Properties Of Functional Multilayers On Steel Sheets For Potential Applications In Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Solar Cells. [Thesis]. DIAL (Belgium); 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2078.2/141802
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
KTH
27.
Motahari, Sara.
Surface Passivation of CIGS Solar Cells by Atomic Layer Deposition.
Degree: Heat and Power Technology, 2013, KTH
URL: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-127430
► Thin film solar cells, such as Cu(In,Ga)Se2, have a large potential for cost reductions, due to their reduced material consumption. However, the lack in…
(more)
▼ Thin film solar cells, such as Cu(In,Ga)Se2, have a large potential for cost reductions, due to their reduced material consumption. However, the lack in commercial success of thin film solar cells can be explained by lower efficiency compared to wafer-based solar cells. In this work, we have investigated the aluminum oxide as a passivation layer to reduce recombination losses in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells to increase their efficiency. Aluminum oxides have been deposited using spatial atomic layer deposition. Blistering caused by post-deposition annealing of thick enough alumina layer was suggested to make randomly arranged point contacts to provide an electrical conduction path through the device. Techniques such as current-voltage measurement, photoluminescence and external quantum efficiency were performed to measure the effectiveness of aluminum oxide as a passivation layer. Very high photoluminescence intensity was obtained for alumina layer between Cu(In,Ga)Se2/CdS hetero-junction after a heat treatment, which shows a reduction of defects at the absorber/buffer layers of the device.
Subjects/Keywords: solar cells; CIGS; thin film; surface passivation; atomic layer deposition
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APA (6th Edition):
Motahari, S. (2013). Surface Passivation of CIGS Solar Cells by Atomic Layer Deposition. (Thesis). KTH. Retrieved from http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-127430
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Motahari, Sara. “Surface Passivation of CIGS Solar Cells by Atomic Layer Deposition.” 2013. Thesis, KTH. Accessed December 08, 2019.
http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-127430.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Motahari, Sara. “Surface Passivation of CIGS Solar Cells by Atomic Layer Deposition.” 2013. Web. 08 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Motahari S. Surface Passivation of CIGS Solar Cells by Atomic Layer Deposition. [Internet] [Thesis]. KTH; 2013. [cited 2019 Dec 08].
Available from: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-127430.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Motahari S. Surface Passivation of CIGS Solar Cells by Atomic Layer Deposition. [Thesis]. KTH; 2013. Available from: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-127430
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Uppsala University
28.
Turunen, Marcus.
Gas flow sputtering of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 with extra selenium supply.
Degree: Solid State Electronics, 2015, Uppsala University
URL: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-260684
► In this thesis CIGS absorber layers have been deposited by gas flow sputtering with an extra supply of selenium, a method that displays promise…
(more)
▼ In this thesis CIGS absorber layers have been deposited by gas flow sputtering with an extra supply of selenium, a method that displays promise for large scale production because of its one-step sputtering route which deposits low energy particles in a high deposition rate. In this thesis a method was developed where selenium was added to the sputtering process inside the sputter chamber in a controllable manner and in larger amount than done in previous projects. A total of five samples were manufactured with altered evaporation temperatures and an extra supply of selenium which then were finalized to solar cells using the standard baseline process of the Ångström solar center. The characteristics of the CIGS layer and solar cells were analyzed by XRF, IV- and QE measurements. A cell with a conversion efficiency of 11.6 %, Jsc of 27.9 mA/cm2, Voc of 0.63 V and fill factor of 66.2 % was obtained on a 0.5 cm2 cell area without an antireflective coating. All samples contained cells with obtained efficiencies above 10 %, but over the whole samples the efficiencies varied considerably. The samples that were deposited with moderately large selenium evaporation provided the highest efficiencies with a relatively good homogeneity over the substrate. Results show a deficiency of copper in the CIGS films compared to the target composition. The copper content was lower than 70 % expressed in Cu/(Ga+In), which probably resulted in a low diffusion length for electrons, leading to limited cell efficiencies. Through the duration of the thesis issues that concerned the power supply- and the controls to the substrate heaters as well as the control of the evaporation temperature during the depositions arose that required problem solving and needs to be resolved for the future progression of this work. The conclusions drawn from this thesis are that it is possible to vary the temperature of the selenium source and thereby control the amount of selenium that evaporates during the deposition process even though there is a lot of additional heating in the sputter chamber from both the substrate heaters and the sputter source which could affect the ability to control the amount of selenium being evaporated. That the most likely reason for the limited efficiencies is due to the low copper content in the CIGS films and that a larger amount of evaporated selenium compared to previous work did not result in higher obtained efficiencies.
Subjects/Keywords: Gas flow sputtering; CIGS; selenium; thin film; solar cell
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APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
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CSE |
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APA (6th Edition):
Turunen, M. (2015). Gas flow sputtering of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 with extra selenium supply. (Thesis). Uppsala University. Retrieved from http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-260684
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Turunen, Marcus. “Gas flow sputtering of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 with extra selenium supply.” 2015. Thesis, Uppsala University. Accessed December 08, 2019.
http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-260684.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Turunen, Marcus. “Gas flow sputtering of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 with extra selenium supply.” 2015. Web. 08 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Turunen M. Gas flow sputtering of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 with extra selenium supply. [Internet] [Thesis]. Uppsala University; 2015. [cited 2019 Dec 08].
Available from: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-260684.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Turunen M. Gas flow sputtering of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 with extra selenium supply. [Thesis]. Uppsala University; 2015. Available from: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-260684
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Uppsala University
29.
Larsson, Fredrik.
Study of CVD deposited i-ZnO layers in CIGS thin film solar cells.
Degree: Solid State Electronics, 2015, Uppsala University
URL: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-253685
► CIGS thin film solar cells usually include a thin layer of intrinsic zinc oxide (i-ZnO) deposited on a CdS buffer layer by sputtering. However…
(more)
▼ CIGS thin film solar cells usually include a thin layer of intrinsic zinc oxide (i-ZnO) deposited on a CdS buffer layer by sputtering. However an interest has grown in using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) instead. Hence, the aim of this thesis was to study how well CVD i-ZnO performs on a CdS buffer layer in a CIGS solar cell and how the properties of the layer can be controlled when using a hot-wall CVD reactor with diethylzinc and water as precursors. The process was characterized through depositions on glass substrates and was then successfully implemented in solar cell devices. The main influences of temperature, thickness and precursor flows on resistivity, optical band gap and film structure were mapped out. The analysis methods used included X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), four point probe resistivity measurements, mechanical profilometry and absorption spectrophotometry. In addition, the solar cell devices were characterized using external quantum efficiency (EQE) and current-voltage (IV) measurements. It was found that the CVD process was sensitive to the condition of the CdS surface, which resulted in a large distribution of shunted cells when grown on aged CdS. Unexpected trends in open-circuit voltage and fill factor were found. Both these factors increased when the growth temperature was decreased, resulting in higher conversion efficiencies. Compared to i-ZnO deposited by an in-house baseline sputtering process, the CVD process resulted in cells with higher short-circuit current due to higher EQE in the short-wavelength region. It was shown that the CVD process used is capable of producing solar cell devices whose performances contest those of cells manufactured with sputtered i-ZnO.
Subjects/Keywords: CVD; CIGS; intrinsic; ZnO; thin film; solar cell
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Larsson, F. (2015). Study of CVD deposited i-ZnO layers in CIGS thin film solar cells. (Thesis). Uppsala University. Retrieved from http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-253685
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Larsson, Fredrik. “Study of CVD deposited i-ZnO layers in CIGS thin film solar cells.” 2015. Thesis, Uppsala University. Accessed December 08, 2019.
http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-253685.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Larsson, Fredrik. “Study of CVD deposited i-ZnO layers in CIGS thin film solar cells.” 2015. Web. 08 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Larsson F. Study of CVD deposited i-ZnO layers in CIGS thin film solar cells. [Internet] [Thesis]. Uppsala University; 2015. [cited 2019 Dec 08].
Available from: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-253685.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Larsson F. Study of CVD deposited i-ZnO layers in CIGS thin film solar cells. [Thesis]. Uppsala University; 2015. Available from: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-253685
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Uppsala University
30.
Hultmar, Oscar; Paulsson, Johan.
Mechanical design and construction of solar panel experiment in stratospheric conditions.
Degree: Engineering Sciences, 2018, Uppsala University
URL: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-356131
► This project will be a part of the LODESTAR experiment. LODESTAR is one of the experiments scheduled to fly on the REXUS/BEXUS 26 high…
(more)
▼ This project will be a part of the LODESTAR experiment. LODESTAR is one of the experiments scheduled to fly on the REXUS/BEXUS 26 high altitude balloon flight. The primary objective of the experiment is to investigate the effects of cosmic radiation on CIGS solar cells. The objective of this project is to build a mechanical design that can fulfill all requirements set by the ESA user manual. The mechanical design will first be drawn in mechanical CAD, where the drawing will be constructed from the ESA requirements. Later the design will be simulated in order to choose appropriate materials and a design that can withstand all simulations. Lastly the design will be built according to the drawings and tested according to the simulations. The mechanical design withstood all the simulations and verification tests with no visual deformation, except for the simulation and verification of the drop test. Both the drop simulation and verification test resulted in deformation in one of the aluminium plates. Since this mechanical design is constructed to be used only once, small deformations is within the margin of error. The deformation resulted by the simulation and verification of the drop test matched with a high precision. This is a good confirmation of the results of the drop test. In conclusion, the executed tests gave very promising results. Therefor the design constructed fits all the requirements to travel with solar panels in stratospheric conditions.
LODESTAR -BEXUS Project
Subjects/Keywords: CIGS solar cells; cosmic radiation; stratospheric conditions; Applied Mechanics; Teknisk mekanik
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APA ·
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Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Hultmar, Oscar; Paulsson, J. (2018). Mechanical design and construction of solar panel experiment in stratospheric conditions. (Thesis). Uppsala University. Retrieved from http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-356131
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Hultmar, Oscar; Paulsson, Johan. “Mechanical design and construction of solar panel experiment in stratospheric conditions.” 2018. Thesis, Uppsala University. Accessed December 08, 2019.
http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-356131.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Hultmar, Oscar; Paulsson, Johan. “Mechanical design and construction of solar panel experiment in stratospheric conditions.” 2018. Web. 08 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Hultmar, Oscar; Paulsson J. Mechanical design and construction of solar panel experiment in stratospheric conditions. [Internet] [Thesis]. Uppsala University; 2018. [cited 2019 Dec 08].
Available from: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-356131.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Hultmar, Oscar; Paulsson J. Mechanical design and construction of solar panel experiment in stratospheric conditions. [Thesis]. Uppsala University; 2018. Available from: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-356131
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
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Open Access Theses and Dissertations
