subject:(Birds)

Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University

1. [No author]. Seasonal physiological and behavioural responses of a small bird in a hot, arid habitat.

Degree: Faculty of Science, 2017, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/19728

► The role that climate plays in the ecology of organisms is perhaps the most pronounced where the earth’s environments are most extreme. In arid-zones, organisms… (more)

▼ The role that climate plays in the ecology of organisms is perhaps the most pronounced where the earth’s environments are most extreme. In arid-zones, organisms have to deal with large seasonal shifts and/or extremes in temperature and/or moisture levels. As a result, arid-zone species are sensitive to climatic changes. I assessed the physiological and behavioural adjustments of an arid-zone endemic passerine, the rufous-eared warbler (Malcorus pectoralis), to seasonal changes in the Karoo semi-desert of South Africa. Respirometry measurements in the field showed that the warblers’ basal metabolic rate was lower and set point body temperature (Tb) was higher in summer compared to winter. At high air temperatures (Ta) evaporative water loss (EWL) rate was significantly lower in summer compared to winter, while Tb showed a clear pattern of heterothermy that was similar in both seasons. Compared to winter, the warblers in summer were able to remain calm, and tolerate higher Ta’s, before their Tb’s increased to potentially detrimental levels. Behavioural observations showed that free-living warblers exhibited significant temperature-dependence in their behaviour; they increased panting behaviour, and reduced activity levels, time spent preening, and foraging effort at high Ta’s in summer. The warblers also displayed a considerable decrease in foraging success, and a shift in microsite use, at high Ta’s in summer. I hypothesise that the flexible responses the rufous-eared warblers show are aimed at increasing their heat tolerance in summer, and help them balance their energy and water demands in an arid environment that exhibits wide seasonality in Ta, in addition to high summer Ta. My findings emphasise the importance of identifying, as well as understanding, the associated costs of physiological and behavioural responses to environmental variables. This information is valuable in terms of predicting biologically meaningful responses (and hence, vulnerability) of arid-zone avian communities to climactic shifts.

Subjects/Keywords: Birds – Behavior; Birds – Physiology; Birds – Ecophysiology

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APA (6^th Edition):

author], [. (2017). Seasonal physiological and behavioural responses of a small bird in a hot, arid habitat. (Thesis). Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10948/19728

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

author], [No. “Seasonal physiological and behavioural responses of a small bird in a hot, arid habitat.” 2017. Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University. Accessed February 26, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/19728.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

author], [No. “Seasonal physiological and behavioural responses of a small bird in a hot, arid habitat.” 2017. Web. 26 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

author] [. Seasonal physiological and behavioural responses of a small bird in a hot, arid habitat. [Internet] [Thesis]. Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University; 2017. [cited 2021 Feb 26]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/19728.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

author] [. Seasonal physiological and behavioural responses of a small bird in a hot, arid habitat. [Thesis]. Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/19728

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Aberdeen

2. Furness, Lindsay Jayne. Energetics, oxidative damage and ageing in birds.

Degree: School of Biological Sciences., 2009, University of Aberdeen

URL: http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=25473 ; http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:1801/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=25473&custom_att_2=simple_viewer

Subjects/Keywords: Birds.; Birds

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APA (6^th Edition):

Furness, L. J. (2009). Energetics, oxidative damage and ageing in birds. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Aberdeen. Retrieved from http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=25473 ; http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:1801/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=25473&custom_att_2=simple_viewer

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Furness, Lindsay Jayne. “Energetics, oxidative damage and ageing in birds.” 2009. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Aberdeen. Accessed February 26, 2021. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=25473 ; http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:1801/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=25473&custom_att_2=simple_viewer.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Furness, Lindsay Jayne. “Energetics, oxidative damage and ageing in birds.” 2009. Web. 26 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Furness LJ. Energetics, oxidative damage and ageing in birds. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Aberdeen; 2009. [cited 2021 Feb 26]. Available from: http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=25473 ; http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:1801/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=25473&custom_att_2=simple_viewer.

Council of Science Editors:

Furness LJ. Energetics, oxidative damage and ageing in birds. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Aberdeen; 2009. Available from: http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=25473 ; http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:1801/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=25473&custom_att_2=simple_viewer

3. Marsh, Laura. Relationship of human intrusion on avian body mass: Do recreationists hinder birds’ abilities to acquire fat during migration?.

Degree: 2015, University of Tennessee – Chattanooga

URL: https://scholar.utc.edu/theses/430

► Many North American landbirds undergo biannual migration, which is energetically costly. Quality stopover sites are crucial to avian survival, as they provide opportunities to quickly… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Birds – Migration; Migratory birds; Birds – Ecology; Birds – Conservation

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APA (6^th Edition):

Marsh, L. (2015). Relationship of human intrusion on avian body mass: Do recreationists hinder birds’ abilities to acquire fat during migration?. (Masters Thesis). University of Tennessee – Chattanooga. Retrieved from https://scholar.utc.edu/theses/430

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Marsh, Laura. “Relationship of human intrusion on avian body mass: Do recreationists hinder birds’ abilities to acquire fat during migration?.” 2015. Masters Thesis, University of Tennessee – Chattanooga. Accessed February 26, 2021. https://scholar.utc.edu/theses/430.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Marsh, Laura. “Relationship of human intrusion on avian body mass: Do recreationists hinder birds’ abilities to acquire fat during migration?.” 2015. Web. 26 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Marsh L. Relationship of human intrusion on avian body mass: Do recreationists hinder birds’ abilities to acquire fat during migration?. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Tennessee – Chattanooga; 2015. [cited 2021 Feb 26]. Available from: https://scholar.utc.edu/theses/430.

Council of Science Editors:

Marsh L. Relationship of human intrusion on avian body mass: Do recreationists hinder birds’ abilities to acquire fat during migration?. [Masters Thesis]. University of Tennessee – Chattanooga; 2015. Available from: https://scholar.utc.edu/theses/430

Michigan State University

4. Sees, Louis D. Our bird population.

Degree: 1896, Michigan State University

URL: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:49285

Thesis – State Agricultural College, 1896

Subjects/Keywords: Birds

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APA (6^th Edition):

Sees, L. D. (1896). Our bird population. (Thesis). Michigan State University. Retrieved from http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:49285

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Sees, Louis D. “Our bird population.” 1896. Thesis, Michigan State University. Accessed February 26, 2021. http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:49285.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Sees, Louis D. “Our bird population.” 1896. Web. 26 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Sees LD. Our bird population. [Internet] [Thesis]. Michigan State University; 1896. [cited 2021 Feb 26]. Available from: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:49285.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Sees LD. Our bird population. [Thesis]. Michigan State University; 1896. Available from: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:49285

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Michigan State University

5. Huggett, Floyd Charles. The summer flocking and nesting of common birds in the vicinity of the W.K. Kellogg bird sanctuary.

Degree: MS, 1942, Michigan State University

URL: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:7127

Subjects/Keywords: Birds

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APA (6^th Edition):

Huggett, F. C. (1942). The summer flocking and nesting of common birds in the vicinity of the W.K. Kellogg bird sanctuary. (Masters Thesis). Michigan State University. Retrieved from http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:7127

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Huggett, Floyd Charles. “The summer flocking and nesting of common birds in the vicinity of the W.K. Kellogg bird sanctuary.” 1942. Masters Thesis, Michigan State University. Accessed February 26, 2021. http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:7127.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Huggett, Floyd Charles. “The summer flocking and nesting of common birds in the vicinity of the W.K. Kellogg bird sanctuary.” 1942. Web. 26 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Huggett FC. The summer flocking and nesting of common birds in the vicinity of the W.K. Kellogg bird sanctuary. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Michigan State University; 1942. [cited 2021 Feb 26]. Available from: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:7127.

Council of Science Editors:

Huggett FC. The summer flocking and nesting of common birds in the vicinity of the W.K. Kellogg bird sanctuary. [Masters Thesis]. Michigan State University; 1942. Available from: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:7127

Montana Tech

6. Newlon, Elizabeth Anne. Flightless.

Degree: MFA, 2010, Montana Tech

URL: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/457

None

Subjects/Keywords: Birds

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APA (6^th Edition):

Newlon, E. A. (2010). Flightless. (Thesis). Montana Tech. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/457

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Newlon, Elizabeth Anne. “Flightless.” 2010. Thesis, Montana Tech. Accessed February 26, 2021. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/457.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Newlon, Elizabeth Anne. “Flightless.” 2010. Web. 26 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Newlon EA. Flightless. [Internet] [Thesis]. Montana Tech; 2010. [cited 2021 Feb 26]. Available from: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/457.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Newlon EA. Flightless. [Thesis]. Montana Tech; 2010. Available from: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/457

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Michigan State University

7. Becker, Bruce Wilber. Site selection and nesting success of oldfield songbirds.

Degree: PhD, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, 1981, Michigan State University

URL: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:45175

Subjects/Keywords: Birds; Birds – Behavior

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APA (6^th Edition):

Becker, B. W. (1981). Site selection and nesting success of oldfield songbirds. (Doctoral Dissertation). Michigan State University. Retrieved from http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:45175

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Becker, Bruce Wilber. “Site selection and nesting success of oldfield songbirds.” 1981. Doctoral Dissertation, Michigan State University. Accessed February 26, 2021. http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:45175.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Becker, Bruce Wilber. “Site selection and nesting success of oldfield songbirds.” 1981. Web. 26 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Becker BW. Site selection and nesting success of oldfield songbirds. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Michigan State University; 1981. [cited 2021 Feb 26]. Available from: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:45175.

Council of Science Editors:

Becker BW. Site selection and nesting success of oldfield songbirds. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Michigan State University; 1981. Available from: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:45175

Georgia Tech

8. Fowler, John Daniel. A survey and comparison of bird species inhabiting adjoining developed and undeveloped coastal habitat.

Degree: MS, Public policy, 1997, Georgia Tech

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29896

Subjects/Keywords: Birds; Birds Nests

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APA (6^th Edition):

Fowler, J. D. (1997). A survey and comparison of bird species inhabiting adjoining developed and undeveloped coastal habitat. (Masters Thesis). Georgia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29896

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Fowler, John Daniel. “A survey and comparison of bird species inhabiting adjoining developed and undeveloped coastal habitat.” 1997. Masters Thesis, Georgia Tech. Accessed February 26, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29896.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Fowler, John Daniel. “A survey and comparison of bird species inhabiting adjoining developed and undeveloped coastal habitat.” 1997. Web. 26 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Fowler JD. A survey and comparison of bird species inhabiting adjoining developed and undeveloped coastal habitat. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Georgia Tech; 1997. [cited 2021 Feb 26]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29896.

Council of Science Editors:

Fowler JD. A survey and comparison of bird species inhabiting adjoining developed and undeveloped coastal habitat. [Masters Thesis]. Georgia Tech; 1997. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29896

The Ohio State University

9. Slack, Richard Douglas. Breeding biology and behavior of the catbird, (Dumetella carolinensis).

Degree: PhD, Graduate School, 1973, The Ohio State University

URL: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1486740835722906

Subjects/Keywords: Biology; Birds; Birds

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APA (6^th Edition):

Slack, R. D. (1973). Breeding biology and behavior of the catbird, (Dumetella carolinensis). (Doctoral Dissertation). The Ohio State University. Retrieved from http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1486740835722906

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Slack, Richard Douglas. “Breeding biology and behavior of the catbird, (Dumetella carolinensis).” 1973. Doctoral Dissertation, The Ohio State University. Accessed February 26, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1486740835722906.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Slack, Richard Douglas. “Breeding biology and behavior of the catbird, (Dumetella carolinensis).” 1973. Web. 26 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Slack RD. Breeding biology and behavior of the catbird, (Dumetella carolinensis). [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. The Ohio State University; 1973. [cited 2021 Feb 26]. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1486740835722906.

Council of Science Editors:

Slack RD. Breeding biology and behavior of the catbird, (Dumetella carolinensis). [Doctoral Dissertation]. The Ohio State University; 1973. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1486740835722906

University of Missouri – Columbia

10. Burke, Alicia D. Mature forest-breeding bird use of early-successional habitat.

Degree: 2013, University of Missouri – Columbia

URL: https://doi.org/10.32469/10355/43051

► Some late-successional birds shift habitat-use from mature forestbreeding habitat to early-successional habitat. Management efforts have primarily focused on breeding habitat for migratory songbirds, but the… (more)

▼ Some late-successional birds shift habitat-use from mature forestbreeding habitat to early-successional habitat. Management efforts have primarily focused on breeding habitat for migratory songbirds, but the post-breeding period could be equally important given that birds can spend an equal or greater amount of time in this stage. More information is needed to determine how widespread this habitat shift is for mature forest-breeding birds. In species such as the Wood Thrush (Hylocichla mustelina), Ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapilla), and Worm-Eating Warbler (Helmitheros vermivorum) all hatchyear birds appear to disperse to early-successional vegetation. Netting studies have captured other species of forest-breeding birds in regeneration cuts and report higher captures of mature forest species than early-successional species in this habitat in the post-breeding season. The presence of mature forest birds in early-successional habitat does not mean that it is a requirement during their annual cycle. Radio telemetry studies suggest that adult Scarlet Tanager are using more than one type of habitat during the post-breeding period. My Thesis research investigates to what extent mature forest-breeding birds utilize early-successional habitat, focusing on the postxii breeding season. Specifically, I (1) identify habitat selection by stand treatment and tree size for three species of independent juvenile mature forest-breeding birds (Ovenbird, Worm-eating Warbler, and Red-eyed Vireo (Vireo olivaceus)); (2) explore variation in abundance of mature forest-breeding bird species in early-successional habitat during the post breeding season, (3) examine species' abundances between age classes of mature forest-breeding birds between the breeding and post-breeding season, (4) identify species for further study that appear to require early-successional habitat. Our study was located in the Ozarks of southeastern Missouri in the Current River and Logan Creek Conservation Areas. We used constant effort mist netting to capture mature f Advisors/Committee Members: Faaborg, John, 1949- (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Forest birds – Behavior; Forest birds – Habitat

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APA (6^th Edition):

Burke, A. D. (2013). Mature forest-breeding bird use of early-successional habitat. (Thesis). University of Missouri – Columbia. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.32469/10355/43051

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Burke, Alicia D. “Mature forest-breeding bird use of early-successional habitat.” 2013. Thesis, University of Missouri – Columbia. Accessed February 26, 2021. https://doi.org/10.32469/10355/43051.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Burke, Alicia D. “Mature forest-breeding bird use of early-successional habitat.” 2013. Web. 26 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Burke AD. Mature forest-breeding bird use of early-successional habitat. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Missouri – Columbia; 2013. [cited 2021 Feb 26]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.32469/10355/43051.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Burke AD. Mature forest-breeding bird use of early-successional habitat. [Thesis]. University of Missouri – Columbia; 2013. Available from: https://doi.org/10.32469/10355/43051

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Leiden University

11. Spruit, Fatima. The avifauna of the Palaeolithic locality Schöningen, Germany.

Degree: 2013, Leiden University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1887/21361

► The rescue-excavation at the open-cast mine in Schöningen started in 1982. Circa 25.000 faunal remains have been excavated since that moment. These remains have been… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Avifauna; Schöningen; Birds

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APA (6^th Edition):

Spruit, F. (2013). The avifauna of the Palaeolithic locality Schöningen, Germany. (Masters Thesis). Leiden University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1887/21361

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Spruit, Fatima. “The avifauna of the Palaeolithic locality Schöningen, Germany.” 2013. Masters Thesis, Leiden University. Accessed February 26, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1887/21361.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Spruit, Fatima. “The avifauna of the Palaeolithic locality Schöningen, Germany.” 2013. Web. 26 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Spruit F. The avifauna of the Palaeolithic locality Schöningen, Germany. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Leiden University; 2013. [cited 2021 Feb 26]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1887/21361.

Council of Science Editors:

Spruit F. The avifauna of the Palaeolithic locality Schöningen, Germany. [Masters Thesis]. Leiden University; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1887/21361

University of Otago

12. Meadows, Sarah. Birds as indicators of agroecosystem resilience and sentinels of market accreditation: A case study of New Zealand South Island sheep/beef farms .

Degree: 2011, University of Otago

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/658

► New Zealand is unique among industrialized countries in that, in the absence of farming subsidies, farm management is governed largely by consumers in Europe, the… (more)

▼ New Zealand is unique among industrialized countries in that, in the absence of farming subsidies, farm management is governed largely by consumers in Europe, the United States and Japan, where the majority of agricultural products are exported. The neoliberal context in which New Zealand agriculture is presently situated may provide the most likely vehicle through which biodiversity care on production lands may be introduced. As consumers in key niche markets abroad express increased preference for “green” commodities produced using sustainable and biodiversity-friendly farming practices, New Zealand farmers may be required to alter their farm management to include provisions for biodiversity care, or risk losing access to international markets. There is presenty a great need to identify ecologically relevant indicators of farm environment health and biodiversity that are simultaneously able to guide farm management and resonate with farmers and consumers alike. Chapter 1 describes a conceptual model that proposes the establishment of a ‘Market Flagship Species,’ an innovative surrogate based on ecological and social science research that signals biodiversity-friendly farming practice. Using birds as proxies for wider agroecosystem diversity as well as farmer attitudes and actions toward biodiversity on their farms, Chapters 3-6 take a transdisciplinary approach in testing the efficacy of the model to select appropriate Market Flagship Species. A principal aim of the ecological component of this study was to examine the role of woody vegetation or ‘refuge’ habitat patches embedded within the production land matrix of sheep/beef farms in supporting bird diversity. Accordingly, bird community composition was measured by conducting five-minute point counts exclusively within woody vegetation patches on 12 South Island sheep/beef farms ranging in geographic distribution from Banks Peninsula (Canterbury) to the Catlins (Southland). 9,050 birds were recorded during 1,086 point counts conducted within 246 different patches over the course of 8 field circuits conducted between 2007-2010. Data were collected according to distance sampling methods, but the extrapolation of diversity estimates within individual patches presented a unique methodological problem: Namely, what is the best method to mitigate bias associated with data collected within a series of discrete patches of varying sizes? Chapter 2 describes a methodology for generating unbiased indices of bird species richness based on the exclusion of data beyond a radial truncation distance of 10m. With an assumed detection probability of 1 within a 10m radius, densities of 12 common species occurring within two key habitats were generated. 10m truncation densities closely corresponded to densities generated using distance methods. Although the developed method reduces available data for analysis, it largely mitigates bias associated with detection while ensuring that sampling effort within small versus large patches remains equivalent. This method was therefore… Advisors/Committee Members: Moller, Henrik (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: farmland birds; resilience

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APA (6^th Edition):

Meadows, S. (2011). Birds as indicators of agroecosystem resilience and sentinels of market accreditation: A case study of New Zealand South Island sheep/beef farms . (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Otago. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10523/658

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Meadows, Sarah. “Birds as indicators of agroecosystem resilience and sentinels of market accreditation: A case study of New Zealand South Island sheep/beef farms .” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Otago. Accessed February 26, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10523/658.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Meadows, Sarah. “Birds as indicators of agroecosystem resilience and sentinels of market accreditation: A case study of New Zealand South Island sheep/beef farms .” 2011. Web. 26 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Meadows S. Birds as indicators of agroecosystem resilience and sentinels of market accreditation: A case study of New Zealand South Island sheep/beef farms . [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Otago; 2011. [cited 2021 Feb 26]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/658.

Council of Science Editors:

Meadows S. Birds as indicators of agroecosystem resilience and sentinels of market accreditation: A case study of New Zealand South Island sheep/beef farms . [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Otago; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/658

13. Swithine, Hameenda Kabilika. Isolation of Bacterial pathogens from dead- in- shell Chicken embryos from local Hatcheries.

Degree: 2012, University of Zimbabwe

URL: http://dspace.unza.zm/handle/123456789/1732

► Commercial hatcheries in Zambia have been experiencing losses due to dead-in-shell embryos for quite sometime. Numerous Salmonella serotypes have been frequently recorded in poultry population… (more)

▼ Commercial hatcheries in Zambia have been experiencing losses due to dead-in-shell embryos for quite sometime. Numerous Salmonella serotypes have been frequently recorded in poultry population in Zambia, but no information is available on bacterial association with dead-in-shell mortality in hatcheries. Hence investigation into three commercial hatcheries of Zambia was made to find out the role of bacterial pathogens in embryonic mortality and hatchability. These hatcheries had an average dead -in-shell losses between 15.2% and 31.1%. One thousand dead-in-shell chicken embryos from each hatchery formed samples. Ten pooled yolk sac contents or whole egg contents formed one sample. The homogenised samples were cultured on suitable media. Isolation and identification of bacteria was done according to standard bacteriological methods. Three hundred and eighty three (383) cultures were isolated. More than half (208) were isolated firom hatchery A, the other two hatcheries B and C had 118 and 57 cultures isolated respectively. Majority of the isolates were enteric group of bacteria. Out of all the isolates Escherichia coli was predominant with 18.28% (70) followed by Staphylococcus species 14.10% (54) and Pseudomonas species 11.75% (45/ Klebsiella species recorded 9.40% (36). Salmonella species, Enterobacter and Citrobacter species recorded 8.87% (34) each. Acinetobacter recorded 6.79% (26), Proteus species had 6.26% (24), Enterococcus species recorded 2.87% (11) and Streptococcus sp. had 1.04% (4). Alcaligenes faecalis and Aeromonas hydrophila both recorded 0.78% (3). Neisseria dentrificans recorded 0.52% (2) and Edwardsiella species., Micrococcus and Providencia recorded 0.26% (1) each. Out of the fifty four (54) Staphylococcus species, forty three (43)were Staphylococcus aureus. Serotyping of Escherichia coli revealed that six (6) cultures were serotype 08:k47, five (5) were serotype 09:k28, two (2) belonged to serotype 032/33:k- and one (1) each were serotype 088:k-, 016:k- and 0101 :k-. Out of seventy cultures of Escherichia coli isolated, fifty four (54) were rough untypable. All these cultures were found to be less or more pathogenic to thirteen (13) day old chicken embryos and white mice. It was also interesting to note that all of the thirty four (34) Salmonella cultures isolated were Salmonella enteritidis. However on phage typing twenty (20) belonged to phage type 4 (PT4), four (4) were phage type 1 (PTl), two (2) were phage type lb (PTlb) and another two (2) were phage type 7(PT7). One was phage type 7a (PT7a) and five were not typed. The isolation of Salmonella enteritidis, especially most invasive phage type 4, in breeding flocks for the first time in Zambia may open a new page in the epidemiology of Salmonella and a need for effective control measures in this country. A few cultures of Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis and Staphylococcus aureus were subjected to antimicrobial senshivity. The results of the antimicrobial sensitivity test showed high levels of antimicrobial resistance. Antimicrobial…

Subjects/Keywords: Embryology – Birds; Bacteriology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Swithine, H. K. (2012). Isolation of Bacterial pathogens from dead- in- shell Chicken embryos from local Hatcheries. (Thesis). University of Zimbabwe. Retrieved from http://dspace.unza.zm/handle/123456789/1732

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Swithine, Hameenda Kabilika. “Isolation of Bacterial pathogens from dead- in- shell Chicken embryos from local Hatcheries.” 2012. Thesis, University of Zimbabwe. Accessed February 26, 2021. http://dspace.unza.zm/handle/123456789/1732.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Swithine, Hameenda Kabilika. “Isolation of Bacterial pathogens from dead- in- shell Chicken embryos from local Hatcheries.” 2012. Web. 26 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Swithine HK. Isolation of Bacterial pathogens from dead- in- shell Chicken embryos from local Hatcheries. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Zimbabwe; 2012. [cited 2021 Feb 26]. Available from: http://dspace.unza.zm/handle/123456789/1732.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Swithine HK. Isolation of Bacterial pathogens from dead- in- shell Chicken embryos from local Hatcheries. [Thesis]. University of Zimbabwe; 2012. Available from: http://dspace.unza.zm/handle/123456789/1732

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Louisiana State University

14. Mittermeier, John C. Avian Biogeography and Conservation in Eastern Indonesia.

Degree: MS, 2014, Louisiana State University

URL: etd-09042014-133832 ; https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/2367

► Evaluating the conservation status of threatened species requires a sequential process of 1) taxonomic classification, 2) distributional mapping, and 3) evaluation of species according to… (more)

▼ Evaluating the conservation status of threatened species requires a sequential process of 1) taxonomic classification, 2) distributional mapping, and 3) evaluation of species according to criteria established by the IUCN Red List. Knowledge gaps in the first two phases of this process have been termed the Linnaean and Wallacean Shortfalls, respectively. The Indonesian archipelago is one of the most biologically diverse areas of the planet, as well as one of the most threatened and poorly studied, and the Linnaean and Wallacean Shortfalls pose substantial challenges for conservation in the region. Here I address each of the three stages of categorizing threatened species through a series of case studies on birds in two regions of Indonesia: Java and the Northern Moluccas. The first chapter addresses an example of the Linnaean Shortfall; using behavioural and vocal data, I provide insight on the taxonomic status of woodcock (genus: Scolopax) on Java. The display and vocalizations of these birds confirm that they are a distinct biological species and should be evaluated separately from woodcock in New Guinea. The second chapter focuses on the Wallacean Shortfall, and clarifies avian distributions in three Javan montane areas and on the North Moluccan island of Obi. On Obi, in particular, previous knowledge of bird distribution is woefully incomplete; I report nine species of resident birds previously unknown on the island. In the third and final section, I incorporate criteria from the IUCN Red List to re-evaluate the conservation status of two species on Obi, Chattering Lory Lorius garrulus and Moluccan Woodcock Scolopax rochussenii. One case results in good news for conservation; the Moluccan Woodcock is more common than previously believed, tolerates human habitat modification, and should be ‘down-listed’ from Endangered to Vulnerable. The other is not; Chattering Lory is heavily trapped for the parrot trade and without conservation action, may likely become locally extinct. As such, it is more endangered than currently appreciated and should be considered Endangered rather than Vulnerable.

Subjects/Keywords: Indonesia; birds; conservation

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APA (6^th Edition):

Mittermeier, J. C. (2014). Avian Biogeography and Conservation in Eastern Indonesia. (Masters Thesis). Louisiana State University. Retrieved from etd-09042014-133832 ; https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/2367

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Mittermeier, John C. “Avian Biogeography and Conservation in Eastern Indonesia.” 2014. Masters Thesis, Louisiana State University. Accessed February 26, 2021. etd-09042014-133832 ; https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/2367.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Mittermeier, John C. “Avian Biogeography and Conservation in Eastern Indonesia.” 2014. Web. 26 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Mittermeier JC. Avian Biogeography and Conservation in Eastern Indonesia. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Louisiana State University; 2014. [cited 2021 Feb 26]. Available from: etd-09042014-133832 ; https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/2367.

Council of Science Editors:

Mittermeier JC. Avian Biogeography and Conservation in Eastern Indonesia. [Masters Thesis]. Louisiana State University; 2014. Available from: etd-09042014-133832 ; https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/2367

University of Michigan

15. Madden, Natalie. How traits affect bird responses to anthropogenic noise - a meta-analysis.

Degree: MS, School for Environment and Sustainability, 2020, University of Michigan

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/163339

► Anthropogenic noise is a consequence of the expansion of humans across the globe. It has been labeled as a pollutant and threatens the health of… (more)

▼ Anthropogenic noise is a consequence of the expansion of humans across the globe. It has been labeled as a pollutant and threatens the health of not only humans, but wildlife as well. Birds are at an increased risk of being negatively affected by anthropogenic noise because of their reliance on acoustic information. Research has shown that noise can impact different aspects of bird behavior (e.g., foraging) and have negative consequences on their fitness (e.g., reproduction). Exploring how ecological and life-history traits make a species more, or less, vulnerable to anthropogenic noise is important to mitigating the negative impacts of this pollutant. We performed a meta-analysis to explore how birds varied in their responses to anthropogenic noise. We then explored how traits contribute to a variety of responses most directly related to fitness (physiology, reproduction, and growth). We found that species traits mediated the affects of noise on birds. Anthropogenic noise more negatively affected the physiology (e.g., stress hormones) and growth (e.g., body mass) of bird species with larger body sizes and that vocalized at a lower frequency. Several other traits including nesting height, nest type, foraging height, and song range were also predictive of growth responses to anthropogenic noise. Birds with open nests and with nests closer to the ground were found to have their growth more negatively affected. In addition, birds that fed mainly between 2m above the ground to canopy level and that had a wider song frequency range were found to have their growth more negatively affected. We did not find any traits to be related to reproductive responses but did see differences in responses among noise types. Industrial noises (e.g., resource extraction) had the most negative affect on reproductive responses. Our research indicates that the impacts of noise vary among responses and species. Birds are at risk of experiencing decreases in fitness due to anthropogenic noise, but more research is needed to determine how anthropogenic noise affects communities and populations. Advisors/Committee Members: Alofs, Karen (advisor), Carter, Neil (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: wildlife; noise; birds

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APA (6^th Edition):

Madden, N. (2020). How traits affect bird responses to anthropogenic noise - a meta-analysis. (Masters Thesis). University of Michigan. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/163339

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Madden, Natalie. “How traits affect bird responses to anthropogenic noise - a meta-analysis.” 2020. Masters Thesis, University of Michigan. Accessed February 26, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/163339.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Madden, Natalie. “How traits affect bird responses to anthropogenic noise - a meta-analysis.” 2020. Web. 26 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Madden N. How traits affect bird responses to anthropogenic noise - a meta-analysis. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Michigan; 2020. [cited 2021 Feb 26]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/163339.

Council of Science Editors:

Madden N. How traits affect bird responses to anthropogenic noise - a meta-analysis. [Masters Thesis]. University of Michigan; 2020. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/163339

Texas Tech University

16. Kelly, Janice. Post-breeding public information use in a ground-nesting songbird community.

Degree: Biological Sciences, 2012, Texas Tech University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2346/45192

► Organisms constantly make decisions that can strongly affect their fitness. For birds, the territory an individual chooses to breed in can have large and direct… (more)

▼ Organisms constantly make decisions that can strongly affect their fitness. For birds, the territory an individual chooses to breed in can have large and direct effects on their reproductive success. Birds can assess territory quality to make settlement decisions by using information obtained from social cues emitted by other organisms. Public information (PI) from performance-based social cues reveals territory quality by advertising the current inhabitants’ reproductive success. I studied PI use in the Veery (Catharus fuscescens) and its effect on avian community responses by conducting a playback experiment. I hypothesized that Veery fledgling vocalizations present during the post-breeding season are PI cues used by Veeries and other ground-nesting songbirds (i.e., Ovenbirds [Seiurus aurocapilla]) for territory establishment in subsequent breeding seasons. Moreover, I hypothesize that ground-nesters integrate multiple social cues sampled throughout the breeding season when selecting future breeding territories. To test this, I played Veery fledgling vocalizations and silent controls at plots during the post-breeding season in 2009 and 2010. I also played chipmunk vocalizations (nest predators, i.e., social cues indicating lower quality territory options) at half of these plots during the pre-breeding season. Response data (nest distances to nearest plot, nest counts at each plot, and nest initiation dates) were collected during the following breeding seasons as well as breeding songbird abundance for both ground- and canopy-nesters. My results show that both Veeries and Ovenbirds were more likely to settle in fledgling treatment plots compared to silent controls. Similarly, both ground- and canopy-nesters were more abundant at fledgling treatment plots relative to silent controls. Ovenbirds appeared to assess territory quality by integrating multiple social cues for territory establishment, but Veeries did not. My study demonstrates that post-breeding PI reaches heterospecifics by influencing territory establishment among both ground- and canopy-nesters. This study is the first to test if songbirds integrate social information from multiple sources throughout the breeding season for territory selection. Advisors/Committee Members: Schmidt, Kenneth A. (Committee Chair), McIntyre, Nancy E. (committee member), Boal, Clint W. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Ornithology; Habitat selection; Birds societies, etc.; Songbirds; Birds breeding; Birds conservation

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APA (6^th Edition):

Kelly, J. (2012). Post-breeding public information use in a ground-nesting songbird community. (Thesis). Texas Tech University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2346/45192

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kelly, Janice. “Post-breeding public information use in a ground-nesting songbird community.” 2012. Thesis, Texas Tech University. Accessed February 26, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2346/45192.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kelly, Janice. “Post-breeding public information use in a ground-nesting songbird community.” 2012. Web. 26 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Kelly J. Post-breeding public information use in a ground-nesting songbird community. [Internet] [Thesis]. Texas Tech University; 2012. [cited 2021 Feb 26]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2346/45192.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Kelly J. Post-breeding public information use in a ground-nesting songbird community. [Thesis]. Texas Tech University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2346/45192

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of St Andrews

17. Blackburn, Emma. The wintering and migration ecology of the whinchat Saxicola rubetra, a declining Palearctic migrant.

Degree: PhD, 2014, University of St Andrews

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10023/11859

► For migrant birds, the non-breeding season can greatly influence survival and future reproductive success. Knowledge of annual and overwinter survival, the degree of site fidelity… (more)

▼ For migrant birds, the non-breeding season can greatly influence survival and future reproductive success. Knowledge of annual and overwinter survival, the degree of site fidelity and habitat use in the non-breeding season, migration ecology, routes and stopovers, and whether these differ with age or sex is fundamental to understanding population dynamics, vulnerability to anthropogenic habitat degradation, and consequently for understanding the severe widespread declines of migrant bird species. The degree to which a migrant is a winter specialist or generalist is likely to be central to understanding population dynamics. I studied survival rates and the wintering and migration ecology of a declining Palearctic migrant, the whinchat Saxicola rubetra, wintering in West Africa, to establish how the non-breeding season may influence migrant population dynamics. Whinchats were extremely site faithful to both within and between years, holding distinct winter territories and returning to those territories in subsequent winters, despite the opportunity to relocate. Overwinter survival was very high and annual survival was comparable to or higher than that reported on the breeding grounds. Because our power to detect resident and dispersing birds was high, survival rates likely estimated true survival well. Habitat characteristics varied widely across territories and territories were smaller if more perching shrubs and maize were present. Most individuals showed a tolerance or even preference for human modified habitats. Some individuals may have multiple wintering sites. There was no evidence of dominance-based habitat occupancy or any differences in winter ecology, site fidelity, survival and most aspects of migratory behaviour between age and sex classes. Migratory connectivity occurred only on a large-scale and individual migratory behaviour was also varied. Fundamentally, the results suggest a generalist strategy in the non-breeding season within their wintering habitat of open savannah, most likely as an adaption to stochastic site selection within the wintering range for juveniles undertaking their first migration plus changing and unpredictable conditions both within and between years. Consequently, wintering conditions may not significantly limit whinchat populations and mortality is probably highest during active migration. Notably, non-specialist migrants such as whinchats may have some resilience at the population-level to the increasing anthropogenic habitat modification occurring in Africa, suggesting that conditions during migration and in Europe may be driving declines; yet establishing the currently unknown thresholds of any resilience is likely to be fundamental for the future conservation migrants.

Subjects/Keywords: 598; QL698.9B62; Birds – Migration; Birds – Ecology; Migratory birds – Conservation; Bird declines

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Blackburn, E. (2014). The wintering and migration ecology of the whinchat Saxicola rubetra, a declining Palearctic migrant. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of St Andrews. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10023/11859

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Blackburn, Emma. “The wintering and migration ecology of the whinchat Saxicola rubetra, a declining Palearctic migrant.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, University of St Andrews. Accessed February 26, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/11859.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Blackburn, Emma. “The wintering and migration ecology of the whinchat Saxicola rubetra, a declining Palearctic migrant.” 2014. Web. 26 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Blackburn E. The wintering and migration ecology of the whinchat Saxicola rubetra, a declining Palearctic migrant. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of St Andrews; 2014. [cited 2021 Feb 26]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10023/11859.

Council of Science Editors:

Blackburn E. The wintering and migration ecology of the whinchat Saxicola rubetra, a declining Palearctic migrant. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of St Andrews; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10023/11859

Macquarie University

18. Chan, Nicholas. Constraints on body mass and ecomorphological evolution in birds.

Degree: 2015, Macquarie University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/1074476

►

Thesis by publication.

1. Does size variation in Genyornis newtoni encompass eggshell safety limits? – 2. Phylogenetic variation in hindlimb bone scaling of flightless therapods… (more)

▼

Thesis by publication.

1. Does size variation in Genyornis newtoni encompass eggshell safety limits? – 2. Phylogenetic variation in hindlimb bone scaling of flightless therapods – 3. Complex evolution of leg bones in the transition to flightlessness in birds – 4. A comparison of pterosaur and Mesozoic avian morphospaces constructed using functionally analogous traits.

A number of constraints have been hypothesised to have affected avian evolutionary history. Testing these hypotheses is key to understanding the causal processes behind observed patterns of diversity and disparity. Four topics on this theme are examined here. The first is that egg shell strength relative to incubator body mass limits body mass. Size variation in the giant, extinct flightless bird Genyornis newtoni is used to determine whether sexual dimorphism may have compensated for any mismatch between mass and eggshell strength in this species. Secondly, limits to leg bone scaling are tested for using quadratic regressions of leg bone measurements from 58 species of flightless birds. Comparisons with non-avian theropods are made to see whether patterns of scaling seen in birds demonstrate limits to leg bone allometry in birds. Thirdly, the evolution of leg bone proportions in 38 species of flightless birds is explored. Factor analyses are used to quantify changes in proportions from ancestral morphologies modelled on volant relatives. Multiple regressions are used to see if these changes are related to shifts in body size, the amount of time since loss of flight, and the size of the land area upon which each lineage evolved. In Chapter 4, the hypothesis of competition between Mesozoic birds and pterosaurs during the Mesozoic is investigated using multivariate analysis of functionally analogous traits. The results of these studies provide support to hypotheses of constrained leg bone allometry, with increases in femur length relative to girth being restricted, related to posture in birds and of ecological separation rather than competition between Mesozoic birds and pterosaurs. It is also shown that the evolution of the leg bones after the loss of flight is not limited by any universal selection pressures, with changes in the proportions of these bones showing no consistent patterns through avian phylogeny. Together, these studies provide new insights into the potential constraints that have affected avian evolution for the past 160 million years.

1 online resource (xiv, 169 pages) colour illustrations

Advisors/Committee Members: Macquarie University. Department of Biological Sciences.

Subjects/Keywords: Birds – Evolution; Birds – Flight; Birds – Ecolog; Birds – Physiology; Ratites – Physiology; birds; body mass; flight; theropods; ecomorphology

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Chan, N. (2015). Constraints on body mass and ecomorphological evolution in birds. (Doctoral Dissertation). Macquarie University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/1074476

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Chan, Nicholas. “Constraints on body mass and ecomorphological evolution in birds.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, Macquarie University. Accessed February 26, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/1074476.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Chan, Nicholas. “Constraints on body mass and ecomorphological evolution in birds.” 2015. Web. 26 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Chan N. Constraints on body mass and ecomorphological evolution in birds. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Macquarie University; 2015. [cited 2021 Feb 26]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/1074476.

Council of Science Editors:

Chan N. Constraints on body mass and ecomorphological evolution in birds. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Macquarie University; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/1074476

Michigan State University

19. Wiley, Anne E. Two thousand years of foraging ecology in the endangered Hawaiian petrel : insights from stable isotope analysis.

Degree: 2011, Michigan State University

URL: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:1235

►

Thesis Ph. D. Michigan State University. Zoology / Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior 2011.

Recent evidence indicates that over the last 150 years, humans may… (more)

▼

Thesis Ph. D. Michigan State University. Zoology / Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior 2011.

Recent evidence indicates that over the last 150 years, humans may have impacted seabird populations through modification of their marine food resources. Unfortunately, the high mobility and large pelagic ranges of many seabirds has resulted in a dearth of information concerning even their basic feeding habits. Here, I use stable isotope analysis to investigate the modern and ancient foraging ecology of an endangered seabird, the Hawaiian petrel (Pterodroma sandwichensis). Stable isotopic composition of Hawaiian petrel tissues (δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N values) reflects trophic level and foraging location and can therefore be used to describe patterns of foraging segregation or long-term temporal variation within the species. Chapter 1 investigates isotopic variation within individual flight feathers, with the goal of designing minimally-invasive and ecologically informative sampling strategies. δ¹³C values increased from tip to base in all 52 feathers within the study, including 42 remiges from the Hawaiian petrel and 10 from the Newell's Shearwater (Puffinus auricularis newelli). Such a consistent trend, observable among different species and age classes, is unlikely to result from shifts in diet or foraging location during feather synthesis. Considerable variation of δ¹⁵N values was also present within feathers (average range of 1.3 / within Hawaiian petrel remiges). A sampling protocol is proposed that requires only 1.0 mg of feather and minimal preparation time. Because it leaves the feather nearly intact, this protocol will likely facilitate obtaining isotope values from remiges of live birds and museum specimens. Chapter 2 explores ecological variability among modern Hawaiian petrel populations. δ¹³C and δ ¹⁵N values of feathers demonstrate segregation in foraging location during both the breeding and non-breeding seasons for petrels nesting on Kauai and Hawaii. Genetic analyses based on the mitochondrial Cytochrome b gene also reveal strong differentiation: coalescent-based analyses estimate < 1 migration event per 1,000 generations. Finally, feathers from multiple age groups and islands show unexpected divergences in δD that cannot be related to variation in source water. Overall, these data demonstrate foraging and genetic divergence between proximately nesting seabird populations. This divergence occurs despite high species mobility and a lack of physical barriers between nesting sites.Chapter 3 investigates Hawaiian petrel foraging habits and inter-colony segregation over the course of approximately 2,000 years. The most pervasive temporal trend is a 1.4-2.6 / decrease in average δ¹⁵N values, which likely reflects declining trophic level over the past 300-1,000 years. Isotopic chronologies also document ca. 2,000 years of foraging…

Advisors/Committee Members: Ostrom, Peggy H, Lindell, Catherine, Gage, Stuart, Ostrom, Nathaniel.

Subjects/Keywords: Sea birds – Behavior – Hawaii; Sea birds – Habitat – Hawaii; Sea birds – Ecology – Hawaii; Seafood gathering; Petrels; Sea birds – Behavior; Sea birds – Ecology; Sea birds – Habitat; Zoology; Biogeochemistry; Ecology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Wiley, A. E. (2011). Two thousand years of foraging ecology in the endangered Hawaiian petrel : insights from stable isotope analysis. (Thesis). Michigan State University. Retrieved from http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:1235

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Wiley, Anne E. “Two thousand years of foraging ecology in the endangered Hawaiian petrel : insights from stable isotope analysis.” 2011. Thesis, Michigan State University. Accessed February 26, 2021. http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:1235.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Wiley, Anne E. “Two thousand years of foraging ecology in the endangered Hawaiian petrel : insights from stable isotope analysis.” 2011. Web. 26 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Wiley AE. Two thousand years of foraging ecology in the endangered Hawaiian petrel : insights from stable isotope analysis. [Internet] [Thesis]. Michigan State University; 2011. [cited 2021 Feb 26]. Available from: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:1235.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Wiley AE. Two thousand years of foraging ecology in the endangered Hawaiian petrel : insights from stable isotope analysis. [Thesis]. Michigan State University; 2011. Available from: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:1235

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Michigan State University

20. Morrison, Emily B. The behavior and ecology of birds in tropical forest restoration sites.

Degree: 2011, Michigan State University

URL: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:26

►

Thesis Ph. D. Michigan State University. Zoology Ecology; Evolutionary Biology and Behavior 2011.

Forest restoration has become an important management tool that facilitates forest regeneration.… (more)

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Thesis Ph. D. Michigan State University. Zoology Ecology; Evolutionary Biology and Behavior 2011.

Forest restoration has become an important management tool that facilitates forest regeneration. However there has been little study thus far that examines how well restored plots, and particular planting designs, function over time in providing suitable habitat for tropical animals. I examined the effects of restoration patch size on the foraging behavior of four resident tropical bird species. I also measure arthropod abundance and anti-predator vigilance behavior to assess whether variation in food availability or predation risk could explain patch size effects on foraging behavior. Prey attack rates were highest, and the effort required to find prey lowest, in larger patches for three of the four bird species. Arthropod density was approximately twice as great in larger patches compared to smaller patches. Evidence for patch size differences in predation risk was more limited but risk may be higher in smaller patches. The results indicate that food availability is the primary mechanism driving patch size effects on foraging behavior. I compared the habitat quality of the active restoration sites with passive restoration sites, by measuring vegetation structure, arthropod biomass and the foraging behavior of three resident bird species. Although vegetation measures such as amount of understory cover and tree species richness and density differed between the two restoration strategies, arthropod biomass and foraging behavioral measures were similar. Results suggest that, while active and passive restoration strategies may lead to different vegetation structure, they may support similar biomass of foliage-dwelling arthropods and be similarly used by foraging insectivorous birds. I also examined the effects of predator vocalizations (direct cues) on the vigilance behavior of birds foraging in different locations: small patches and the center and edges of large patches (indirect cues). Within feeder location, the time birds spent alert increased significantly after a predator compared to a non-predator (control) vocalization in all three locations. However, pairwise comparisons across feeder location showed that the change in time spent alert in response to the predator call was significantly greater in small patches and the edges of large patches compared to the center of large patches. Results show that birds perceive small patches and potentially, the edges of large patches as more risky habitats than the center of large patches. Birds responded more strongly to the direct cue of predation risk when foraging in these locations by increasing vigilance. I then used an exclosure experiment to examine the top-down effects of birds and bats on arthropods and herbivory. Arthropod biomass was highest on tree branches where both birds and bats were excluded and lowest on branches without exclosures where both birds and bats were present. However, birds and bats had equal impacts on arthropod populations. The size of…

Advisors/Committee Members: Lindell, Catherine, Holekamp, Kay, Millenbah, Kelly, Getty, Thomas.

Subjects/Keywords: Birds – Habitat – Costa Rica; Birds – Habitat – Tropics; Birds – Food – Costa Rica; Birds – Food – Tropics; Forest restoration – Costa Rica; Forest restoration – Tropics; Birds – Food; Birds – Habitat; Forest restoration; Biology; Ecology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Morrison, E. B. (2011). The behavior and ecology of birds in tropical forest restoration sites. (Thesis). Michigan State University. Retrieved from http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:26

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Morrison, Emily B. “The behavior and ecology of birds in tropical forest restoration sites.” 2011. Thesis, Michigan State University. Accessed February 26, 2021. http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:26.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Morrison, Emily B. “The behavior and ecology of birds in tropical forest restoration sites.” 2011. Web. 26 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Morrison EB. The behavior and ecology of birds in tropical forest restoration sites. [Internet] [Thesis]. Michigan State University; 2011. [cited 2021 Feb 26]. Available from: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:26.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Morrison EB. The behavior and ecology of birds in tropical forest restoration sites. [Thesis]. Michigan State University; 2011. Available from: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:26

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Michigan State University

21. Williams, Sean M. Behavioral ecology of Amazonian mixed-species flocks.

Degree: 2017, Michigan State University

URL: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:4674

►

Thesis Ph. D. Michigan State University. Zoology ; Ecology, Evolutionary Biology, and Behavior 2017

Amazonian mixed-species flocks of birds are remarkable by virtue of their… (more)

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Thesis Ph. D. Michigan State University. Zoology ; Ecology, Evolutionary Biology, and Behavior 2017

Amazonian mixed-species flocks of birds are remarkable by virtue of their strength of interspecific association. In these flocks, individuals of different species associate with each other for the duration of their lives, i.e. during all daylight hours, 365 days of the year across many years. These obligate relationships provide a unique opportunity to study the behavioral ecology of dependent interspecific relationships. I break my thesis into three chapters. First, I ask whether the relationship between two obligatorily flocking species (nuclear antshrike and antwren species) is symmetrical and whether transient species (non-obligate flocking species) are equally attracted to the nuclear species. Are the transient species equally attracted to the two nuclear species? And are the two nuclear species equally attracted to each other? This first question was necessary to ask before my other questions because I needed to know which species are following other species and which species are being followed. Then, I ask whether the behavior of a single species (the same antshrike species I determined was mostly being followed in the first question) can predict the space use of the whole flock and what environmental and behavioral variables explain the space use. Finally, I ask whether a particular context-dependent vocalization of the antshrike might serve as a mechanism of interspecific cohesion of the flock. After having spent hundreds of hours studying the space use of flocks in order to define the spatial distribution of flocks within their territories, this last question followed naturally since the mechanism of interspecific cohesion was central to the coordination of the movement of the flock through space. In resident Amazonian mixed-species flocks, the pattern of attraction of transient species to nuclear antshrikes and antwrens, and the pattern of heterospecific attraction between the nuclear species, are undocumented. Patterns of attraction can help elucidate the nature of interspecific relationships, i.e. whether they are mutualistic, commensal, or parasitic. We played antshrike and antwren vocalizations to flocks and observed how many transient species approached the playbacks, whether antshrikes and antwrens were attracted to each others' playbacks, and how strongly they responded to the playbacks. More transient species were attracted to antshrike vocalizations than antwren vocalizations and more transient species were attracted to antwren than control vocalizations. Antshrikes and antwrens approached each others' playback significantly more often than they approached control playbacks; antwrens responded significantly more strongly to antshrike vocalizations than antshrikes did to antwren vocalizations. The primary reason transients are attracted to antshrikes may be the reliable alarm calling of the antshrikes, and the primary reason transient species are attracted to antwrens may be that antwrens serve as…

Advisors/Committee Members: Lindell, Catherine, Ostrom, Peggy, Getty, Tom, Porter, Bill.

Subjects/Keywords: Birds – Ecology – Peru; Birds – Behavior – Peru; Birds – Ecology – Amazon River Valley; Birds – Behavior – Amazon River Valley; Birds – Ecology; Birds – Behavior; Ecology; Zoology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Williams, S. M. (2017). Behavioral ecology of Amazonian mixed-species flocks. (Thesis). Michigan State University. Retrieved from http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:4674

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Williams, Sean M. “Behavioral ecology of Amazonian mixed-species flocks.” 2017. Thesis, Michigan State University. Accessed February 26, 2021. http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:4674.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Williams, Sean M. “Behavioral ecology of Amazonian mixed-species flocks.” 2017. Web. 26 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Williams SM. Behavioral ecology of Amazonian mixed-species flocks. [Internet] [Thesis]. Michigan State University; 2017. [cited 2021 Feb 26]. Available from: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:4674.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Williams SM. Behavioral ecology of Amazonian mixed-species flocks. [Thesis]. Michigan State University; 2017. Available from: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:4674

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

22. Birn-Jeffrey, Aleksandra Victoria. Scaling of running stability and limb posture with body size in galliform birds.

Degree: PhD, 2012, Royal Veterinary College (University of London)

URL: https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.572447

► This is the first study of the scaling of stability and the consequences of body size for negotiating uneven terrain. Animals must maintain stability to… (more)

▼ This is the first study of the scaling of stability and the consequences of body size for negotiating uneven terrain. Animals must maintain stability to successfully negotiate these complex environments, but the field lacks established metrics for stability that are appropriate in a biological context. Understanding the neural control, behaviour and mechanical strategies that animals use in uneven terrain locomotion will provide insights into trade-offs and help design better legged robots. In this thesis, I investigate the neuro-mechanical strategies used by birds in uneven terrain, exploring possible trade-offs between stability, robustness to terrain height, and avoidance of injury due to high peak forces. The experimental data is from a runway with a single obstacle, varied in height between 0.1-0.5 relative to leg length. I examine whether ground-dwelling birds (galliforms and ostrich) spanning a 400 fold range of body size employ different strategies for obstacle negotiation. I expected heavier animals to avoid high peak forces to maintain constant muscle and bone stresses. In the process of this investigation, I have also explored possible metrics for stability and robustness. Surprisingly, all birds employ the same strategy for negotiating an obstacle, across species and obstacle heights. Unexpectedly, strategy did not change with body mass and limb posture. Across the 400-fold size range, leg function during obstacle negotiation is consistent with a reductionist leg model including a damper and a linear leg actuator, with work output determined by landing conditions. Robust stability relies on the interplay of swing and stance control; birds adjust the swing leg trajectory to control landing conditions, which combined with intrinsic mechanics explains the variation in stance leg work, allowing birds to negotiate the obstacle while maintaining relatively constant velocity. The findings suggest a universal control policy across a 400-fold size range that shows promise for the control of legged robots.

Subjects/Keywords: 598; Birds - Anatomy and physiology, Birds – Locomotion, Galliform birds, Turkeys, Poultry – Behavior, Chickens - Behaviour

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APA (6^th Edition):

Birn-Jeffrey, A. V. (2012). Scaling of running stability and limb posture with body size in galliform birds. (Doctoral Dissertation). Royal Veterinary College (University of London). Retrieved from https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.572447

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Birn-Jeffrey, Aleksandra Victoria. “Scaling of running stability and limb posture with body size in galliform birds.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, Royal Veterinary College (University of London). Accessed February 26, 2021. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.572447.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Birn-Jeffrey, Aleksandra Victoria. “Scaling of running stability and limb posture with body size in galliform birds.” 2012. Web. 26 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Birn-Jeffrey AV. Scaling of running stability and limb posture with body size in galliform birds. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Royal Veterinary College (University of London); 2012. [cited 2021 Feb 26]. Available from: https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.572447.

Council of Science Editors:

Birn-Jeffrey AV. Scaling of running stability and limb posture with body size in galliform birds. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Royal Veterinary College (University of London); 2012. Available from: https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.572447

Michigan State University

23. Shalaway, Scott Dee. Breeding bird abundance and distribution in fence row habitat.

Degree: PhD, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, 1979, Michigan State University

URL: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:42110

Subjects/Keywords: Birds – Eggs; Birds – Nests; Birds – Michigan

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APA (6^th Edition):

Shalaway, S. D. (1979). Breeding bird abundance and distribution in fence row habitat. (Doctoral Dissertation). Michigan State University. Retrieved from http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:42110

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Shalaway, Scott Dee. “Breeding bird abundance and distribution in fence row habitat.” 1979. Doctoral Dissertation, Michigan State University. Accessed February 26, 2021. http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:42110.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Shalaway, Scott Dee. “Breeding bird abundance and distribution in fence row habitat.” 1979. Web. 26 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Shalaway SD. Breeding bird abundance and distribution in fence row habitat. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Michigan State University; 1979. [cited 2021 Feb 26]. Available from: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:42110.

Council of Science Editors:

Shalaway SD. Breeding bird abundance and distribution in fence row habitat. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Michigan State University; 1979. Available from: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:42110

University of Aberdeen

24. Owen, Ellie. The use of fatty acid signature analysis to investigate diets of North Sea seabirds.

Degree: School of Biological Sciences., 2009, University of Aberdeen

URL: http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=33428 ; http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:1801/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=33428&custom_att_2=simple_viewer

Subjects/Keywords: Sea birds; Sea birds; Sea birds

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APA (6^th Edition):

Owen, E. (2009). The use of fatty acid signature analysis to investigate diets of North Sea seabirds. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Aberdeen. Retrieved from http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=33428 ; http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:1801/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=33428&custom_att_2=simple_viewer

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Owen, Ellie. “The use of fatty acid signature analysis to investigate diets of North Sea seabirds.” 2009. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Aberdeen. Accessed February 26, 2021. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=33428 ; http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:1801/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=33428&custom_att_2=simple_viewer.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Owen, Ellie. “The use of fatty acid signature analysis to investigate diets of North Sea seabirds.” 2009. Web. 26 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Owen E. The use of fatty acid signature analysis to investigate diets of North Sea seabirds. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Aberdeen; 2009. [cited 2021 Feb 26]. Available from: http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=33428 ; http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:1801/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=33428&custom_att_2=simple_viewer.

Council of Science Editors:

Owen E. The use of fatty acid signature analysis to investigate diets of North Sea seabirds. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Aberdeen; 2009. Available from: http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=33428 ; http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:1801/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=33428&custom_att_2=simple_viewer

Oregon State University

25. Mannan, R. William. Use of snags by birds, Douglas-fir region, western Oregon.

Degree: MS, Fisheries and Wildlife, 1977, Oregon State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/22543

Subjects/Keywords: Forest birds

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APA (6^th Edition):

Mannan, R. W. (1977). Use of snags by birds, Douglas-fir region, western Oregon. (Masters Thesis). Oregon State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1957/22543

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Mannan, R William. “Use of snags by birds, Douglas-fir region, western Oregon.” 1977. Masters Thesis, Oregon State University. Accessed February 26, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/22543.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Mannan, R William. “Use of snags by birds, Douglas-fir region, western Oregon.” 1977. Web. 26 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Mannan RW. Use of snags by birds, Douglas-fir region, western Oregon. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Oregon State University; 1977. [cited 2021 Feb 26]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/22543.

Council of Science Editors:

Mannan RW. Use of snags by birds, Douglas-fir region, western Oregon. [Masters Thesis]. Oregon State University; 1977. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/22543

Oregon State University

26. Schreiber, Barry. Diurnal bird use of snags on clearcuts in central coastal Oregon.

Degree: MS, Forest Science, 1987, Oregon State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/11108

► The effect of snag retention on clearcuts on breeding bird populations was evaluated in the Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) dominated forest in central coastal Oregon. Diurnal… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Birds – Breeding

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APA (6^th Edition):

Schreiber, B. (1987). Diurnal bird use of snags on clearcuts in central coastal Oregon. (Masters Thesis). Oregon State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1957/11108

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Schreiber, Barry. “Diurnal bird use of snags on clearcuts in central coastal Oregon.” 1987. Masters Thesis, Oregon State University. Accessed February 26, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/11108.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Schreiber, Barry. “Diurnal bird use of snags on clearcuts in central coastal Oregon.” 1987. Web. 26 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Schreiber B. Diurnal bird use of snags on clearcuts in central coastal Oregon. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Oregon State University; 1987. [cited 2021 Feb 26]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/11108.

Council of Science Editors:

Schreiber B. Diurnal bird use of snags on clearcuts in central coastal Oregon. [Masters Thesis]. Oregon State University; 1987. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/11108

Oregon State University

27. Parsons, David R. Time and energy budgets of a population of dippers (Cinclus mexicanus) during winter in the Cascade Range of Oregon.

Degree: MS, Fisheries and Wildlife, 1975, Oregon State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/22307

► A time and energy budget was constructed for a population of dippers (Cinclus Mexicanus) in the Cascade Range of Oregon during winter. A total of… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Dippers (Birds)

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APA (6^th Edition):

Parsons, D. R. (1975). Time and energy budgets of a population of dippers (Cinclus mexicanus) during winter in the Cascade Range of Oregon. (Masters Thesis). Oregon State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1957/22307

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Parsons, David R. “Time and energy budgets of a population of dippers (Cinclus mexicanus) during winter in the Cascade Range of Oregon.” 1975. Masters Thesis, Oregon State University. Accessed February 26, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/22307.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Parsons, David R. “Time and energy budgets of a population of dippers (Cinclus mexicanus) during winter in the Cascade Range of Oregon.” 1975. Web. 26 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Parsons DR. Time and energy budgets of a population of dippers (Cinclus mexicanus) during winter in the Cascade Range of Oregon. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Oregon State University; 1975. [cited 2021 Feb 26]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/22307.

Council of Science Editors:

Parsons DR. Time and energy budgets of a population of dippers (Cinclus mexicanus) during winter in the Cascade Range of Oregon. [Masters Thesis]. Oregon State University; 1975. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/22307

University of Utah

28. Kim, Dukgun. Evolution of crypsis in feather lice.

Degree: MS;, Biology;, 2008, University of Utah

URL: http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/etd2/id/639/rec/443

► Crypsis is the color resemblance of an animal to its background such that predators have difficulty in distinguishing it. Although a great deal is known… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Rock pigeon; Birds; Lice

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APA (6^th Edition):

Kim, D. (2008). Evolution of crypsis in feather lice. (Masters Thesis). University of Utah. Retrieved from http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/etd2/id/639/rec/443

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kim, Dukgun. “Evolution of crypsis in feather lice.” 2008. Masters Thesis, University of Utah. Accessed February 26, 2021. http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/etd2/id/639/rec/443.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kim, Dukgun. “Evolution of crypsis in feather lice.” 2008. Web. 26 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Kim D. Evolution of crypsis in feather lice. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Utah; 2008. [cited 2021 Feb 26]. Available from: http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/etd2/id/639/rec/443.

Council of Science Editors:

Kim D. Evolution of crypsis in feather lice. [Masters Thesis]. University of Utah; 2008. Available from: http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/etd2/id/639/rec/443

29. Pande, Suruchi. Some reflections on birds in sanskrit literature;.

Degree: Sanskrit, 2014, INFLIBNET

URL: http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/23492

newline

References p. 158-166

Advisors/Committee Members: Bahulkar Shrikant.

Subjects/Keywords: Birds; Sanskrit

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APA (6^th Edition):

Pande, S. (2014). Some reflections on birds in sanskrit literature;. (Thesis). INFLIBNET. Retrieved from http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/23492

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Pande, Suruchi. “Some reflections on birds in sanskrit literature;.” 2014. Thesis, INFLIBNET. Accessed February 26, 2021. http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/23492.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Pande, Suruchi. “Some reflections on birds in sanskrit literature;.” 2014. Web. 26 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Pande S. Some reflections on birds in sanskrit literature;. [Internet] [Thesis]. INFLIBNET; 2014. [cited 2021 Feb 26]. Available from: http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/23492.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Pande S. Some reflections on birds in sanskrit literature;. [Thesis]. INFLIBNET; 2014. Available from: http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/23492

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Alberta

30. Wilson, Matthew J. Use of Indices of Biological Integrity (IBIs) to assess wetland health in dry and wet conditions.

Degree: MS, Department of Biological Sciences, 2012, University of Alberta

URL: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/z603qz936

► Indices of Biological Integrity (IBIs) estimate the biological condition of an ecosystem by measuring biological metrics that predict underlying environmental stress. I evaluated the use… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: plants; birds; marshes; bioassessment

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APA (6^th Edition):

Wilson, M. J. (2012). Use of Indices of Biological Integrity (IBIs) to assess wetland health in dry and wet conditions. (Masters Thesis). University of Alberta. Retrieved from https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/z603qz936

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Wilson, Matthew J. “Use of Indices of Biological Integrity (IBIs) to assess wetland health in dry and wet conditions.” 2012. Masters Thesis, University of Alberta. Accessed February 26, 2021. https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/z603qz936.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Wilson, Matthew J. “Use of Indices of Biological Integrity (IBIs) to assess wetland health in dry and wet conditions.” 2012. Web. 26 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Wilson MJ. Use of Indices of Biological Integrity (IBIs) to assess wetland health in dry and wet conditions. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Alberta; 2012. [cited 2021 Feb 26]. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/z603qz936.

Council of Science Editors:

Wilson MJ. Use of Indices of Biological Integrity (IBIs) to assess wetland health in dry and wet conditions. [Masters Thesis]. University of Alberta; 2012. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/z603qz936

Open Access Theses and Dissertations