subject:(Birds)

University of Georgia

1. Goijman, Andrea Paula. Conservation and management of birds in agroecosystems in east-central Argentina.

Degree: PhD, Forest Resources, 2014, University of Georgia

URL: http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga_etd/goijman_andrea_p_201405_phd

► Bird conservation, and associated ecosystem services, is challenged by agricultural intensification and expansion. In Pampas grassland and Espinal forest ecoregions of east-central Argentina these processes… (more)

▼ Bird conservation, and associated ecosystem services, is challenged by agricultural intensification and expansion. In Pampas grassland and Espinal forest ecoregions of east-central Argentina these processes have been ongoing and rapid, requiring the assessment of their impact on biodiversity so as to recommend management alternatives. The objective of this study was to gather evidence to inform decision-making for bird conservation in agroecosystems, focusing on foraging guilds and potential ecosystem services provided. I evaluated the effects of land use on birds at a regional scale in the Pampas and Espinal, using 10 years of a regional bird monitoring program, modeling occupancy with hierarchical multi-species dynamic models using a Bayesian approach. At a local scale, I evaluated factors influencing the use of soybean fields and borders by birds, using bird surveys and arthropod sampling in 78 borders and 20 soybean fields, in four crop stages for two years. I analyzed bird occupancy using multiple-groups single-season models, separating field interior and edges, and fitting Poisson mixed models for counts of the orders of arthropods consumed by birds. I used structured decision making (SDM) to find optimal management strategies to integrate bird conservation with soybean agriculture. I demonstrated how the regional scale results can be used as a tool for decision-making, mapping species-based spatial distributions over time. Although potential ecosystem services offered by birds were distributed throughout the study area, few species could provide them in crop dominated areas. Most raptors, unlike other guilds, were associated with soybean. Most insectivore gleaners seemed unaffected by crops, suggesting their perception of landscape at smaller scales. Birds in soybean fields are mainly those common in agroecosystems, some likely providing pest control service, while most guilds benefited from native trees in borders. Counts of arthropods preyed by birds remained mostly constant throughout the soybean cycle. Finally, I identified the objectives of the SDM process: maximizing insectivorous birds and farmers’ well-being, while minimizing management costs. Reducing insecticide applications in soybean, and either planting trees in borders or no management, were the best decisions dependent on constraints of cost allocation and percent of managed border. Advisors/Committee Members: Michael Conroy.

Subjects/Keywords: Birds

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APA (6^th Edition):

Goijman, A. P. (2014). Conservation and management of birds in agroecosystems in east-central Argentina. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Georgia. Retrieved from http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga_etd/goijman_andrea_p_201405_phd

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Goijman, Andrea Paula. “Conservation and management of birds in agroecosystems in east-central Argentina.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Georgia. Accessed February 23, 2020. http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga_etd/goijman_andrea_p_201405_phd.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Goijman, Andrea Paula. “Conservation and management of birds in agroecosystems in east-central Argentina.” 2014. Web. 23 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

Goijman AP. Conservation and management of birds in agroecosystems in east-central Argentina. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Georgia; 2014. [cited 2020 Feb 23]. Available from: http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga_etd/goijman_andrea_p_201405_phd.

Council of Science Editors:

Goijman AP. Conservation and management of birds in agroecosystems in east-central Argentina. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Georgia; 2014. Available from: http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga_etd/goijman_andrea_p_201405_phd

Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University

2. [No author]. Seasonal physiological and behavioural responses of a small bird in a hot, arid habitat.

Degree: Faculty of Science, 2017, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/19728

► The role that climate plays in the ecology of organisms is perhaps the most pronounced where the earth’s environments are most extreme. In arid-zones, organisms… (more)

▼ The role that climate plays in the ecology of organisms is perhaps the most pronounced where the earth’s environments are most extreme. In arid-zones, organisms have to deal with large seasonal shifts and/or extremes in temperature and/or moisture levels. As a result, arid-zone species are sensitive to climatic changes. I assessed the physiological and behavioural adjustments of an arid-zone endemic passerine, the rufous-eared warbler (Malcorus pectoralis), to seasonal changes in the Karoo semi-desert of South Africa. Respirometry measurements in the field showed that the warblers’ basal metabolic rate was lower and set point body temperature (Tb) was higher in summer compared to winter. At high air temperatures (Ta) evaporative water loss (EWL) rate was significantly lower in summer compared to winter, while Tb showed a clear pattern of heterothermy that was similar in both seasons. Compared to winter, the warblers in summer were able to remain calm, and tolerate higher Ta’s, before their Tb’s increased to potentially detrimental levels. Behavioural observations showed that free-living warblers exhibited significant temperature-dependence in their behaviour; they increased panting behaviour, and reduced activity levels, time spent preening, and foraging effort at high Ta’s in summer. The warblers also displayed a considerable decrease in foraging success, and a shift in microsite use, at high Ta’s in summer. I hypothesise that the flexible responses the rufous-eared warblers show are aimed at increasing their heat tolerance in summer, and help them balance their energy and water demands in an arid environment that exhibits wide seasonality in Ta, in addition to high summer Ta. My findings emphasise the importance of identifying, as well as understanding, the associated costs of physiological and behavioural responses to environmental variables. This information is valuable in terms of predicting biologically meaningful responses (and hence, vulnerability) of arid-zone avian communities to climactic shifts.

Subjects/Keywords: Birds – Behavior; Birds – Physiology; Birds – Ecophysiology

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APA (6^th Edition):

author], [. (2017). Seasonal physiological and behavioural responses of a small bird in a hot, arid habitat. (Thesis). Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10948/19728

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

author], [No. “Seasonal physiological and behavioural responses of a small bird in a hot, arid habitat.” 2017. Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University. Accessed February 23, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/19728.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

author], [No. “Seasonal physiological and behavioural responses of a small bird in a hot, arid habitat.” 2017. Web. 23 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

author] [. Seasonal physiological and behavioural responses of a small bird in a hot, arid habitat. [Internet] [Thesis]. Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University; 2017. [cited 2020 Feb 23]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/19728.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

author] [. Seasonal physiological and behavioural responses of a small bird in a hot, arid habitat. [Thesis]. Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/19728

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Hawaii

3. Navvab Gojrati, Hassan Ali. Epizootiological survey of avian malaria in the Hawaiian Islands.

Degree: PhD, 2009, University of Hawaii

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10125/11448

►

Typescript.

Bibliography: leaves [60]-65.

vi, 65 l tables

Avian malaria is believed to be one of the main factors in the extinction of the native… (more)

▼

Typescript.

Bibliography: leaves [60]-65.

vi, 65 l tables

Avian malaria is believed to be one of the main factors in the extinction of the native Hawaiian avifauna. An epizoological investigation of the disease was conducted in the Hawaiian Islands primarily to determine whether avian malaria was present in Hawaii. The birds were collected from the islands of Oahu, Maui, Kauai, and Hawaii, at different elevations for a period of three years. Blood samples were taken either from the main wing vein, or from the toe nail. Blood smears were prepared and stained with Giemsa's stain. Histological preparations for the study of the exoerythrocytic stage of the parasites were also made. A total of 4,988 blood smears from 2,604 birds representing 38 species of native and introduced birds was examined. Plasmodium circumflexum Kikuth, P. gallinaceum Brumpt, P. cathemerium Hartman, and probably P. matutinum (Huff), were found in six species of native and introduced birds. Significantly, these records are the first authenticated reports of these parasites from the Pacific Islands, and this is the first time that P. circumflexum has been reported from this part of the world. The presence of P. gallinaceum indicates that this parasite has accompanied its host to many parts of the tropics. Blood smears taken from pigeons and doves indicated that some of these birds were infected with Haemoproteus and Leucocytozoon. It was found that 65 percent of the pigeons were infected with Haemoproteus. The doves, however, did not seem to be infected by this pathogen. Although both pigeons and doves were infected by the Leucocytozoon, the incidence was relatively low. Only four percent of the two species of birds were infected. This is the first record for Leucocytozoon from the Hawaiian Islands. The presence of the larvae of the potential vector of avian malaria, Culex pipiens quinguefasciatus Say, in a water container at 6511 feet elevation indicates that probably one of the limiting factors in the vertical distribution of Culex is the availability of suitable habitats.

Subjects/Keywords: Birds – Hawaii; Birds – Diseases

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APA (6^th Edition):

Navvab Gojrati, H. A. (2009). Epizootiological survey of avian malaria in the Hawaiian Islands. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Hawaii. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10125/11448

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Navvab Gojrati, Hassan Ali. “Epizootiological survey of avian malaria in the Hawaiian Islands.” 2009. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Hawaii. Accessed February 23, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/11448.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Navvab Gojrati, Hassan Ali. “Epizootiological survey of avian malaria in the Hawaiian Islands.” 2009. Web. 23 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

Navvab Gojrati HA. Epizootiological survey of avian malaria in the Hawaiian Islands. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Hawaii; 2009. [cited 2020 Feb 23]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10125/11448.

Council of Science Editors:

Navvab Gojrati HA. Epizootiological survey of avian malaria in the Hawaiian Islands. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Hawaii; 2009. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10125/11448

University of Aberdeen

4. Furness, Lindsay Jayne. Energetics, oxidative damage and ageing in birds.

Degree: School of Biological Sciences., 2009, University of Aberdeen

URL: http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=25473 ; http://digitool2.abdn.ac.uk:1801/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=25473&custom_att_2=simple_viewer

Subjects/Keywords: Birds.; Birds

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APA (6^th Edition):

Furness, L. J. (2009). Energetics, oxidative damage and ageing in birds. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Aberdeen. Retrieved from http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=25473 ; http://digitool2.abdn.ac.uk:1801/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=25473&custom_att_2=simple_viewer

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Furness, Lindsay Jayne. “Energetics, oxidative damage and ageing in birds.” 2009. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Aberdeen. Accessed February 23, 2020. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=25473 ; http://digitool2.abdn.ac.uk:1801/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=25473&custom_att_2=simple_viewer.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Furness, Lindsay Jayne. “Energetics, oxidative damage and ageing in birds.” 2009. Web. 23 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

Furness LJ. Energetics, oxidative damage and ageing in birds. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Aberdeen; 2009. [cited 2020 Feb 23]. Available from: http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=25473 ; http://digitool2.abdn.ac.uk:1801/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=25473&custom_att_2=simple_viewer.

Council of Science Editors:

Furness LJ. Energetics, oxidative damage and ageing in birds. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Aberdeen; 2009. Available from: http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=25473 ; http://digitool2.abdn.ac.uk:1801/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=25473&custom_att_2=simple_viewer

University of Georgia

5. Cederbaum, Sandra Bloomfield. The effects of alternative and conventional management systems in cotton agriculture on avian and arthropod populations in the Upper Coastal Plain of Georgia.

Degree: MS, Forest Resources, 2002, University of Georgia

URL: http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga_etd/cederbaum_sandra_b_200205_ms

► Significant agricultural advancements over the past 50 years have altered the landscape and negatively affected the avian populations associated with early successional habitat. Among the… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Birds

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APA (6^th Edition):

Cederbaum, S. B. (2002). The effects of alternative and conventional management systems in cotton agriculture on avian and arthropod populations in the Upper Coastal Plain of Georgia. (Masters Thesis). University of Georgia. Retrieved from http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga_etd/cederbaum_sandra_b_200205_ms

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Cederbaum, Sandra Bloomfield. “The effects of alternative and conventional management systems in cotton agriculture on avian and arthropod populations in the Upper Coastal Plain of Georgia.” 2002. Masters Thesis, University of Georgia. Accessed February 23, 2020. http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga_etd/cederbaum_sandra_b_200205_ms.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Cederbaum, Sandra Bloomfield. “The effects of alternative and conventional management systems in cotton agriculture on avian and arthropod populations in the Upper Coastal Plain of Georgia.” 2002. Web. 23 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

Cederbaum SB. The effects of alternative and conventional management systems in cotton agriculture on avian and arthropod populations in the Upper Coastal Plain of Georgia. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Georgia; 2002. [cited 2020 Feb 23]. Available from: http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga_etd/cederbaum_sandra_b_200205_ms.

Council of Science Editors:

Cederbaum SB. The effects of alternative and conventional management systems in cotton agriculture on avian and arthropod populations in the Upper Coastal Plain of Georgia. [Masters Thesis]. University of Georgia; 2002. Available from: http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga_etd/cederbaum_sandra_b_200205_ms

University of Georgia

6. Nuse, Bryan Lee. Assessments of the influence of flooding and sea level upon wetland bird and plant distributions in Georgia, USA.

Degree: PhD, Forest Resources, 2014, University of Georgia

URL: http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga_etd/nuse_bryan_l_201405_phd

► Organisms that inhabit wetlands experience inundation both as a stress and disturbance, and as beneficial resource subsidy, mode of habitat connectivity, or protection from predation… (more)

▼ Organisms that inhabit wetlands experience inundation both as a stress and disturbance, and as beneficial resource subsidy, mode of habitat connectivity, or protection from predation or competition. Birds and plants in floodplains and coastal marshes in Georgia, USA experience some common kinds of risks and benefits by residing in habitats subject to inundation. With this work, I examine some of the primary effects of fluctuating water level on avian and plant communities in these wetlands. Drawing upon surveys of birds in coastal wetlands, I first assess the ability of a commonly used sea level rise (SLR) landscape change model (LCM) to predict current bird distributions. The predictive ability of models built from the SLR LCM habitat classifications performed well for some species, and poorly for others. I discuss the implications of this discrepancy for making reasonable predictions of species-level SLR, and identify general habitat niche types apparent in our set of species. In Chapters 3 and 4 I combine results of surveys of bird and plant communities along six Georgia river floodplains, with flooding models based upon a type of radar satellite imagery (Synthetic Aperture Radar, SAR). I derive flood metrics expressing several components of the flood regime at a given site, on both a yearly basis and in the growing or breeding season: total time flooded, variability in time flooded, duration of flood events, and flood return interval. In Chapter 3 I use these metrics to build models of occurrence probability for both Prothonotary Warbler (Protonotaria citrea) and Swainson's Warbler (Limnothlypis swainsonii), and find that the two species occupy fairly distinct regions of a multivariate hydrologic gradient. In Chapter 4, I choose among the metrics to find the one that is best able to discriminate plant assemblages at survey sites. I find that duration of flood events is apparently the most important factor in structuring these communities, and discuss the implications for the applicability of the Flood Pulse Concept in southeastern rivers. Advisors/Committee Members: Robert J. Cooper.

Subjects/Keywords: Wetland Birds

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APA (6^th Edition):

Nuse, B. L. (2014). Assessments of the influence of flooding and sea level upon wetland bird and plant distributions in Georgia, USA. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Georgia. Retrieved from http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga_etd/nuse_bryan_l_201405_phd

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Nuse, Bryan Lee. “Assessments of the influence of flooding and sea level upon wetland bird and plant distributions in Georgia, USA.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Georgia. Accessed February 23, 2020. http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga_etd/nuse_bryan_l_201405_phd.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Nuse, Bryan Lee. “Assessments of the influence of flooding and sea level upon wetland bird and plant distributions in Georgia, USA.” 2014. Web. 23 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

Nuse BL. Assessments of the influence of flooding and sea level upon wetland bird and plant distributions in Georgia, USA. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Georgia; 2014. [cited 2020 Feb 23]. Available from: http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga_etd/nuse_bryan_l_201405_phd.

Council of Science Editors:

Nuse BL. Assessments of the influence of flooding and sea level upon wetland bird and plant distributions in Georgia, USA. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Georgia; 2014. Available from: http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga_etd/nuse_bryan_l_201405_phd

University of Aberdeen

7. Furness, Lindsay Jayne. Energetics, oxidative damage and ageing in birds.

Degree: 2009, University of Aberdeen

URL: http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=25473 ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.499113

► Many theories have emerged to explain how ageing and longevity are mediated. Two theories are the ‘Rate of Living’ (ROL) theory (the live fast, die… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: 571.1; Birds

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Furness, L. J. (2009). Energetics, oxidative damage and ageing in birds. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Aberdeen. Retrieved from http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=25473 ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.499113

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Furness, Lindsay Jayne. “Energetics, oxidative damage and ageing in birds.” 2009. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Aberdeen. Accessed February 23, 2020. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=25473 ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.499113.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Furness, Lindsay Jayne. “Energetics, oxidative damage and ageing in birds.” 2009. Web. 23 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

Furness LJ. Energetics, oxidative damage and ageing in birds. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Aberdeen; 2009. [cited 2020 Feb 23]. Available from: http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=25473 ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.499113.

Council of Science Editors:

Furness LJ. Energetics, oxidative damage and ageing in birds. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Aberdeen; 2009. Available from: http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=25473 ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.499113

Montana State University

8. DuBois, Kristi. An inventory of the avifauna in the Long Pines of southeastern Montana.

Degree: College of Letters & Science, 1979, Montana State University

URL: https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/6345

Subjects/Keywords: Birds.

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APA (6^th Edition):

DuBois, K. (1979). An inventory of the avifauna in the Long Pines of southeastern Montana. (Thesis). Montana State University. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/6345

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

DuBois, Kristi. “An inventory of the avifauna in the Long Pines of southeastern Montana.” 1979. Thesis, Montana State University. Accessed February 23, 2020. https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/6345.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

DuBois, Kristi. “An inventory of the avifauna in the Long Pines of southeastern Montana.” 1979. Web. 23 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

DuBois K. An inventory of the avifauna in the Long Pines of southeastern Montana. [Internet] [Thesis]. Montana State University; 1979. [cited 2020 Feb 23]. Available from: https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/6345.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

DuBois K. An inventory of the avifauna in the Long Pines of southeastern Montana. [Thesis]. Montana State University; 1979. Available from: https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/6345

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Montana State University

9. Jones, Danielle Ann. Patterns of distribution and factors influencing riparian breeding birds along the Yellowstone River in Montana.

Degree: College of Letters & Science, 2009, Montana State University

URL: https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/1579

► Riparian zones harbor some of the most diverse bird communities. However, most riparian zones have been significantly modified by human activities. It is important to… (more)

▼ Riparian zones harbor some of the most diverse bird communities. However, most riparian zones have been significantly modified by human activities. It is important to identify relationships between riparian birds and characteristics of the environment to understand the potential influences of floodplain management on birds. I examined patterns of riparian bird species distribution, as well as the factors affecting occurrence and abundance of species along the Yellowstone River in Montana. Point counts were conducted and vegetation data collected at 234 locations along 725 kilometers of the river. Occupancy or linear regression models were used to estimate occurrence or abundance of 14 bird species. First, I examined patterns in the distribution of bird species and their habitats. A gradient exists along most rivers that represents downstream changes in environmental conditions; I expected the distribution of vegetation to reflect this gradient, and birds to respond to these changing habitat conditions. Mature cottonwood habitat types were identified using cluster analysis, and habitat was an important driver of bird occurrence and abundance. However, there was little evidence that habitats were organized along a downstream gradient. River location was very important to birds, even after accounting for the influence of habitat, suggesting that the distributions of bird species are related to gradients that are not always reflected by habitat. Second, I used model selection methods to investigate the influences of local habitat, forest cover, land use, and river location on the occurrence or abundance of bird species. There was strong evidence that these factors were important drivers of bird distribution, and the relative influences of each factor depended upon life history characteristics of each species. The effect of river location on the occurrence or abundance of species suggests that broad-scale influences are important predictors of bird distribution along rivers. River location may reflect unmeasured environmental resources (e.g. food) that are important to birds, or variation in a species' distribution within its range boundaries. The Yellowstone River may serve as a reference for understanding the factors influencing the distribution of birds along a river, and provide valuable information for the management of riparian species. Advisors/Committee Members: Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Andrew J. Hansen. (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Birds.; Breeding.

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APA (6^th Edition):

Jones, D. A. (2009). Patterns of distribution and factors influencing riparian breeding birds along the Yellowstone River in Montana. (Thesis). Montana State University. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/1579

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Jones, Danielle Ann. “Patterns of distribution and factors influencing riparian breeding birds along the Yellowstone River in Montana.” 2009. Thesis, Montana State University. Accessed February 23, 2020. https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/1579.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Jones, Danielle Ann. “Patterns of distribution and factors influencing riparian breeding birds along the Yellowstone River in Montana.” 2009. Web. 23 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

Jones DA. Patterns of distribution and factors influencing riparian breeding birds along the Yellowstone River in Montana. [Internet] [Thesis]. Montana State University; 2009. [cited 2020 Feb 23]. Available from: https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/1579.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Jones DA. Patterns of distribution and factors influencing riparian breeding birds along the Yellowstone River in Montana. [Thesis]. Montana State University; 2009. Available from: https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/1579

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Montana Tech

10. Newlon, Elizabeth Anne. Flightless.

Degree: MFA, 2010, Montana Tech

URL: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/457

None

Subjects/Keywords: Birds

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APA (6^th Edition):

Newlon, E. A. (2010). Flightless. (Thesis). Montana Tech. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/457

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Newlon, Elizabeth Anne. “Flightless.” 2010. Thesis, Montana Tech. Accessed February 23, 2020. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/457.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Newlon, Elizabeth Anne. “Flightless.” 2010. Web. 23 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

Newlon EA. Flightless. [Internet] [Thesis]. Montana Tech; 2010. [cited 2020 Feb 23]. Available from: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/457.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Newlon EA. Flightless. [Thesis]. Montana Tech; 2010. Available from: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/457

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Rutgers University

11. Mathys, Blake, 1980-. Morphological evolution of birds recently introduced to islands: patterns of diversification.

Degree: PhD, Ecology and Evolution, 2010, Rutgers University

URL: http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.2/rucore10001600001.ETD.000052136

►

Evolution was originally considered to be observable only over geological time scales. It has recently become apparent that evolutionary changes can be detected over contemporary… (more)

▼

Evolution was originally considered to be observable only over geological time scales. It has recently become apparent that evolutionary changes can be detected over contemporary time periods. Exotic species often experience intense selection, making them good model systems for investigating evolutionary changes over contemporary time. We often know details of the introductions, such as exact time, location of the source population, founding propagule size, and establishment history. These details allow us to formulate hypotheses concerning the evolutionary changes expected in these species' exotic ranges. I examined contemporary morphological evolution of passerine birds introduced to islands. Passerine birds have been introduced to many islands world-wide, making them conducive for examining patterns of insular evolution. In chapters one and two, I evaluated whether these species conform to the Island Rule, an ecogeographic rule based on the study of native insular species. It states that, on islands, small species should increase in body size while large species should decrease body size. All of the species I studied are small, therefore they were expected to increase in body size. I found equivocal results concerning the Island Rule. In chapter one, I found that the great kiskadee (Pitangus sulphuratus) follows the Island Rule, as it is larger in its exotic island range than in the native source range. However, in chapter two, I found no clear Island Rule pattern examining 39 insular populations. However, I did find a clear pattern of decrease in wing length and increase in tail length. Although these populations may not be following an overall Island Rule pattern, they are still adapting to their exotic environments. In chapter three, I evaluated among-island diversification of six passerine species introduced to the Hawaiian archipelago. Five of these six species show some morphological differentiation between islands, and at least some of this differentiation cannot be accounted for by genetic drift. The results of this dissertation provide further support for the idea that evolutionary divergence can happen over contemporary time scales. The passerine bird populations examined in these chapters have adapted to local conditions, giving us insights into the genesis of evolutionary diversity.

Advisors/Committee Members: Mathys, Blake, 1980- (author), Lockwood, Julie (chair), Smouse, Peter (internal member), Jordan, Rebecca (internal member), Sax, Dov (outside member).

Subjects/Keywords: Birds – Morphology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Mathys, Blake, 1. (2010). Morphological evolution of birds recently introduced to islands: patterns of diversification. (Doctoral Dissertation). Rutgers University. Retrieved from http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.2/rucore10001600001.ETD.000052136

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Mathys, Blake, 1980-. “Morphological evolution of birds recently introduced to islands: patterns of diversification.” 2010. Doctoral Dissertation, Rutgers University. Accessed February 23, 2020. http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.2/rucore10001600001.ETD.000052136.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Mathys, Blake, 1980-. “Morphological evolution of birds recently introduced to islands: patterns of diversification.” 2010. Web. 23 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

Mathys, Blake 1. Morphological evolution of birds recently introduced to islands: patterns of diversification. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Rutgers University; 2010. [cited 2020 Feb 23]. Available from: http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.2/rucore10001600001.ETD.000052136.

Council of Science Editors:

Mathys, Blake 1. Morphological evolution of birds recently introduced to islands: patterns of diversification. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Rutgers University; 2010. Available from: http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.2/rucore10001600001.ETD.000052136

Michigan State University

12. Huggett, Floyd Charles. The summer flocking and nesting of common birds in the vicinity of the W.K. Kellogg bird sanctuary.

Degree: MS, 1942, Michigan State University

URL: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:7127

Subjects/Keywords: Birds

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APA (6^th Edition):

Huggett, F. C. (1942). The summer flocking and nesting of common birds in the vicinity of the W.K. Kellogg bird sanctuary. (Masters Thesis). Michigan State University. Retrieved from http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:7127

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Huggett, Floyd Charles. “The summer flocking and nesting of common birds in the vicinity of the W.K. Kellogg bird sanctuary.” 1942. Masters Thesis, Michigan State University. Accessed February 23, 2020. http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:7127.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Huggett, Floyd Charles. “The summer flocking and nesting of common birds in the vicinity of the W.K. Kellogg bird sanctuary.” 1942. Web. 23 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

Huggett FC. The summer flocking and nesting of common birds in the vicinity of the W.K. Kellogg bird sanctuary. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Michigan State University; 1942. [cited 2020 Feb 23]. Available from: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:7127.

Council of Science Editors:

Huggett FC. The summer flocking and nesting of common birds in the vicinity of the W.K. Kellogg bird sanctuary. [Masters Thesis]. Michigan State University; 1942. Available from: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:7127

13. Marsh, Laura. Relationship of human intrusion on avian body mass: Do recreationists hinder birds’ abilities to acquire fat during migration?.

Degree: 2015, University of Tennessee – Chattanooga

URL: https://scholar.utc.edu/theses/430

► Many North American landbirds undergo biannual migration, which is energetically costly. Quality stopover sites are crucial to avian survival, as they provide opportunities to quickly… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Birds – Migration; Migratory birds; Birds – Ecology; Birds – Conservation

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APA (6^th Edition):

Marsh, L. (2015). Relationship of human intrusion on avian body mass: Do recreationists hinder birds’ abilities to acquire fat during migration?. (Thesis). University of Tennessee – Chattanooga. Retrieved from https://scholar.utc.edu/theses/430

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Marsh, Laura. “Relationship of human intrusion on avian body mass: Do recreationists hinder birds’ abilities to acquire fat during migration?.” 2015. Thesis, University of Tennessee – Chattanooga. Accessed February 23, 2020. https://scholar.utc.edu/theses/430.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Marsh, Laura. “Relationship of human intrusion on avian body mass: Do recreationists hinder birds’ abilities to acquire fat during migration?.” 2015. Web. 23 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

Marsh L. Relationship of human intrusion on avian body mass: Do recreationists hinder birds’ abilities to acquire fat during migration?. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Tennessee – Chattanooga; 2015. [cited 2020 Feb 23]. Available from: https://scholar.utc.edu/theses/430.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Marsh L. Relationship of human intrusion on avian body mass: Do recreationists hinder birds’ abilities to acquire fat during migration?. [Thesis]. University of Tennessee – Chattanooga; 2015. Available from: https://scholar.utc.edu/theses/430

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

The Ohio State University

14. Slack, Richard Douglas. Breeding biology and behavior of the catbird, (Dumetella carolinensis).

Degree: PhD, Graduate School, 1973, The Ohio State University

URL: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1486740835722906

Subjects/Keywords: Biology; Birds; Birds

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APA (6^th Edition):

Slack, R. D. (1973). Breeding biology and behavior of the catbird, (Dumetella carolinensis). (Doctoral Dissertation). The Ohio State University. Retrieved from http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1486740835722906

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Slack, Richard Douglas. “Breeding biology and behavior of the catbird, (Dumetella carolinensis).” 1973. Doctoral Dissertation, The Ohio State University. Accessed February 23, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1486740835722906.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Slack, Richard Douglas. “Breeding biology and behavior of the catbird, (Dumetella carolinensis).” 1973. Web. 23 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

Slack RD. Breeding biology and behavior of the catbird, (Dumetella carolinensis). [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. The Ohio State University; 1973. [cited 2020 Feb 23]. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1486740835722906.

Council of Science Editors:

Slack RD. Breeding biology and behavior of the catbird, (Dumetella carolinensis). [Doctoral Dissertation]. The Ohio State University; 1973. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1486740835722906

University of Oklahoma

15. Dugas, Matthew Brian. Ornamental nestling mouth coloration and parental care in house sparrows.

Degree: PhD, 2010, University of Oklahoma

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11244/320301

► Dependent offspring across taxonomically-diverse lineages use behavioral, vocal, chemical, and morphological traits to attract parental care. Such offspring solicitations are often hypothesized to evolve as… (more)

▼ Dependent offspring across taxonomically-diverse lineages use behavioral, vocal, chemical, and morphological traits to attract parental care. Such offspring solicitations are often hypothesized to evolve as a means of offspring-parent communication, where offspring traits furnish information about aspects of offspring phenotype of potential interest to parents (e.g., hunger, body size, immune status), and parents use these offspring traits to make adaptive decisions about the level and/or division of investment they provide. While offspring solicitations are widely interpreted as indicative of offspring "need" (more formally, the contribution that a unit of parental investment will make to an offspring's personal fitness), this interpretation seems at odds with the observation that dependent offspring solicit parental care with traits that, when found in adult animals, are typically interpreted as signals of high quality. For example, while soliciting food from provisioning parents, altricial nestling birds commonly reveal elaborately colored mouth parts, including colorful rictal flanges that border the gape. Several lines of evidence suggest that the mouth coloration of nestling birds may be a trait reflecting selective pressures imposed by reliance upon parental care. For example, flanges are present only during the nestling period, and their coloration is restricted to the portion of tissue revealed to parents during begging. I addressed the possibility that the yellow flange coloration of nestling house sparrows may serve in offspring-parent communication by examining i) the potential information content of this trait and ii) parental response to variation. I measured tissue color using reflectance spectrometry and, most often, quantified three features of flange reflectance: i) overall brightness (total reflected light), ii) relative intensity of ultraviolet reflectance (UV peak / an estimate of pigment-free reflectance), and iii) chroma, an estimate of the saturation of yellow coloration. With biochemical extractions, I demonstrated that the yellow flange coloration of nestling house sparrows is carotenoid-based, and that chroma positively reflects the amount of carotenoids present. While the maximum brightness and UV intensity of flange coloration is likely structural in origin, carotenoids limit the expression of these traits through their absorptive properties (i.e., all else being equal, carotenoid-richness is negatively associated with brightness and UV intensity). To account for this effect, I typically analyzed structural features of color with chroma included as a covariate. At days three and six post-hatching, both the carotenoid-richness and brightness (controlling for the effects of carotenoids) of flange tissue have the potential to provide parents with information about their offspring. These features of reflectance were positively associated with nestling mass, tarsus length and circulating carotenoid levels. Carotenoid-richness increased with nestling age, although brightness did not change… Advisors/Committee Members: Mock, Douglas W (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: House sparrow; Birds – Infancy; Birds – Color

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APA (6^th Edition):

Dugas, M. B. (2010). Ornamental nestling mouth coloration and parental care in house sparrows. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Oklahoma. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11244/320301

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Dugas, Matthew Brian. “Ornamental nestling mouth coloration and parental care in house sparrows.” 2010. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Oklahoma. Accessed February 23, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11244/320301.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Dugas, Matthew Brian. “Ornamental nestling mouth coloration and parental care in house sparrows.” 2010. Web. 23 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

Dugas MB. Ornamental nestling mouth coloration and parental care in house sparrows. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Oklahoma; 2010. [cited 2020 Feb 23]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11244/320301.

Council of Science Editors:

Dugas MB. Ornamental nestling mouth coloration and parental care in house sparrows. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Oklahoma; 2010. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11244/320301

Georgia Tech

16. Fowler, John Daniel. A survey and comparison of bird species inhabiting adjoining developed and undeveloped coastal habitat.

Degree: MS, Public policy, 1997, Georgia Tech

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29896

Subjects/Keywords: Birds; Birds Nests

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APA (6^th Edition):

Fowler, J. D. (1997). A survey and comparison of bird species inhabiting adjoining developed and undeveloped coastal habitat. (Masters Thesis). Georgia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29896

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Fowler, John Daniel. “A survey and comparison of bird species inhabiting adjoining developed and undeveloped coastal habitat.” 1997. Masters Thesis, Georgia Tech. Accessed February 23, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29896.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Fowler, John Daniel. “A survey and comparison of bird species inhabiting adjoining developed and undeveloped coastal habitat.” 1997. Web. 23 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

Fowler JD. A survey and comparison of bird species inhabiting adjoining developed and undeveloped coastal habitat. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Georgia Tech; 1997. [cited 2020 Feb 23]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29896.

Council of Science Editors:

Fowler JD. A survey and comparison of bird species inhabiting adjoining developed and undeveloped coastal habitat. [Masters Thesis]. Georgia Tech; 1997. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29896

University of Missouri – Columbia

17. Burke, Alicia D. Mature forest-breeding bird use of early-successional habitat.

Degree: 2013, University of Missouri – Columbia

URL: https://doi.org/10.32469/10355/43051

► Some late-successional birds shift habitat-use from mature forestbreeding habitat to early-successional habitat. Management efforts have primarily focused on breeding habitat for migratory songbirds, but the… (more)

▼ Some late-successional birds shift habitat-use from mature forestbreeding habitat to early-successional habitat. Management efforts have primarily focused on breeding habitat for migratory songbirds, but the post-breeding period could be equally important given that birds can spend an equal or greater amount of time in this stage. More information is needed to determine how widespread this habitat shift is for mature forest-breeding birds. In species such as the Wood Thrush (Hylocichla mustelina), Ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapilla), and Worm-Eating Warbler (Helmitheros vermivorum) all hatchyear birds appear to disperse to early-successional vegetation. Netting studies have captured other species of forest-breeding birds in regeneration cuts and report higher captures of mature forest species than early-successional species in this habitat in the post-breeding season. The presence of mature forest birds in early-successional habitat does not mean that it is a requirement during their annual cycle. Radio telemetry studies suggest that adult Scarlet Tanager are using more than one type of habitat during the post-breeding period. My Thesis research investigates to what extent mature forest-breeding birds utilize early-successional habitat, focusing on the postxii breeding season. Specifically, I (1) identify habitat selection by stand treatment and tree size for three species of independent juvenile mature forest-breeding birds (Ovenbird, Worm-eating Warbler, and Red-eyed Vireo (Vireo olivaceus)); (2) explore variation in abundance of mature forest-breeding bird species in early-successional habitat during the post breeding season, (3) examine species' abundances between age classes of mature forest-breeding birds between the breeding and post-breeding season, (4) identify species for further study that appear to require early-successional habitat. Our study was located in the Ozarks of southeastern Missouri in the Current River and Logan Creek Conservation Areas. We used constant effort mist netting to capture mature f Advisors/Committee Members: Faaborg, John, 1949- (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Forest birds – Behavior; Forest birds – Habitat

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APA (6^th Edition):

Burke, A. D. (2013). Mature forest-breeding bird use of early-successional habitat. (Thesis). University of Missouri – Columbia. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.32469/10355/43051

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Burke, Alicia D. “Mature forest-breeding bird use of early-successional habitat.” 2013. Thesis, University of Missouri – Columbia. Accessed February 23, 2020. https://doi.org/10.32469/10355/43051.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Burke, Alicia D. “Mature forest-breeding bird use of early-successional habitat.” 2013. Web. 23 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

Burke AD. Mature forest-breeding bird use of early-successional habitat. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Missouri – Columbia; 2013. [cited 2020 Feb 23]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.32469/10355/43051.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Burke AD. Mature forest-breeding bird use of early-successional habitat. [Thesis]. University of Missouri – Columbia; 2013. Available from: https://doi.org/10.32469/10355/43051

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Michigan State University

18. Becker, Bruce Wilber. Site selection and nesting success of oldfield songbirds.

Degree: PhD, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, 1981, Michigan State University

URL: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:45175

Subjects/Keywords: Birds; Birds – Behavior

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APA (6^th Edition):

Becker, B. W. (1981). Site selection and nesting success of oldfield songbirds. (Doctoral Dissertation). Michigan State University. Retrieved from http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:45175

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Becker, Bruce Wilber. “Site selection and nesting success of oldfield songbirds.” 1981. Doctoral Dissertation, Michigan State University. Accessed February 23, 2020. http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:45175.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Becker, Bruce Wilber. “Site selection and nesting success of oldfield songbirds.” 1981. Web. 23 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

Becker BW. Site selection and nesting success of oldfield songbirds. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Michigan State University; 1981. [cited 2020 Feb 23]. Available from: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:45175.

Council of Science Editors:

Becker BW. Site selection and nesting success of oldfield songbirds. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Michigan State University; 1981. Available from: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:45175

University of KwaZulu-Natal

19. [No author]. Warning vocalisations and predator information transfer in social birds.

Degree: Zoology, 2008, University of KwaZulu-Natal

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10413/365

► Alarm or warning vocalizations are produced by many animals when they detect a potential predator. However little is known about the information contained in these… (more)

▼ Alarm or warning vocalizations are produced by many animals when they detect a potential predator. However little is known about the information contained in these vocalizations. This study investigated the warning vocalisations of three passerine species, viz. the Buff-streaked Chat Oenanthe bifasciata, the Stonechat Saxicola torquata and the Bronze Mannikin Spermestes cucullatus. The study investigated whether the alarm calls for terrestrial predators differ in their acoustic structure from alarm calls emitted for aerial predators. Birds were exposed to latex terrestrial snakes and mounted aerial raptors, while changes in six acoustic parameters of alarm calls were measured. Bronze Mannikins were investigated for differences in intra-specific alarm calls between familiar and unfamiliar group members by capturing wild groups of mannikins and randomly mixing these to form assorted groups. Bronze Mannikins emitting warning calls were able to discriminate differences in predator size, and increased their calling rate and decreased the end frequency of the alarm call in response to larger predators. This may be the caller’s response to increased threat or variation in frequency may obscure cues to the caller’s whereabouts. Assorted group members were less aggressive to predator models than original members and panicked more during confrontations. Hence the unfamiliarity of the caller may have disrupted group cohesion. The alarm call acoustics of the social Buff-streaked Chats and the solitary Stonechat were compared to examine the effect of group-living on alarm behaviour. Snakes elicited louder calls from both the chat species than raptors. Louder and collectively more vocal social groups might be more successful in discouraging attacks than an asocial species. Variation in amplitude and call frequencies by the Stonechat provided some evidence that they are equally adapted to identifying predator type. Although Buff-streaked Chats increased their call rate in response to nearby predator models, Stonechats produced shorter calls in response to terrestrial predation particularly when the predators were in close proximity. Knowledge gained through direct encounters with predators or the ease with which raptors and snakes can gain access to nests may have played a part in discrimination of predator threat. Overall this study indicated strong correlations between some alarm acoustic parameters and predator size as well as the degree of threat. Advisors/Committee Members: Malan, Gerard (advisor), Slotow, Robert H (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Birds – Vocalization.; Zoology.

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APA (6^th Edition):

author], [. (2008). Warning vocalisations and predator information transfer in social birds. (Thesis). University of KwaZulu-Natal. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10413/365

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

author], [No. “Warning vocalisations and predator information transfer in social birds. ” 2008. Thesis, University of KwaZulu-Natal. Accessed February 23, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/365.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

author], [No. “Warning vocalisations and predator information transfer in social birds. ” 2008. Web. 23 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

author] [. Warning vocalisations and predator information transfer in social birds. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of KwaZulu-Natal; 2008. [cited 2020 Feb 23]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10413/365.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

author] [. Warning vocalisations and predator information transfer in social birds. [Thesis]. University of KwaZulu-Natal; 2008. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10413/365

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Leiden University

20. Spruit, Fatima. The avifauna of the Palaeolithic locality Schöningen, Germany.

Degree: 2013, Leiden University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1887/21361

► The rescue-excavation at the open-cast mine in Schöningen started in 1982. Circa 25.000 faunal remains have been excavated since that moment. These remains have been… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Avifauna; Schöningen; Birds

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APA (6^th Edition):

Spruit, F. (2013). The avifauna of the Palaeolithic locality Schöningen, Germany. (Masters Thesis). Leiden University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1887/21361

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Spruit, Fatima. “The avifauna of the Palaeolithic locality Schöningen, Germany.” 2013. Masters Thesis, Leiden University. Accessed February 23, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1887/21361.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Spruit, Fatima. “The avifauna of the Palaeolithic locality Schöningen, Germany.” 2013. Web. 23 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

Spruit F. The avifauna of the Palaeolithic locality Schöningen, Germany. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Leiden University; 2013. [cited 2020 Feb 23]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1887/21361.

Council of Science Editors:

Spruit F. The avifauna of the Palaeolithic locality Schöningen, Germany. [Masters Thesis]. Leiden University; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1887/21361

University of Aberdeen

21. Owen, Ellie. The use of fatty acid signature analysis to investigate diets of North Sea seabirds.

Degree: 2009, University of Aberdeen

URL: http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=33428 ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.509208

► The aim of this thesis was to advance our understanding of the foraging needs of three North Sea seabirds by using fatty acids analysis, a… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: 591.7; Sea birds

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APA (6^th Edition):

Owen, E. (2009). The use of fatty acid signature analysis to investigate diets of North Sea seabirds. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Aberdeen. Retrieved from http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=33428 ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.509208

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Owen, Ellie. “The use of fatty acid signature analysis to investigate diets of North Sea seabirds.” 2009. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Aberdeen. Accessed February 23, 2020. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=33428 ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.509208.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Owen, Ellie. “The use of fatty acid signature analysis to investigate diets of North Sea seabirds.” 2009. Web. 23 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

Owen E. The use of fatty acid signature analysis to investigate diets of North Sea seabirds. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Aberdeen; 2009. [cited 2020 Feb 23]. Available from: http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=33428 ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.509208.

Council of Science Editors:

Owen E. The use of fatty acid signature analysis to investigate diets of North Sea seabirds. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Aberdeen; 2009. Available from: http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=33428 ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.509208

Louisiana State University

22. Mittermeier, John C. Avian Biogeography and Conservation in Eastern Indonesia.

Degree: MS, 2014, Louisiana State University

URL: etd-09042014-133832 ; https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/2367

► Evaluating the conservation status of threatened species requires a sequential process of 1) taxonomic classification, 2) distributional mapping, and 3) evaluation of species according to… (more)

▼ Evaluating the conservation status of threatened species requires a sequential process of 1) taxonomic classification, 2) distributional mapping, and 3) evaluation of species according to criteria established by the IUCN Red List. Knowledge gaps in the first two phases of this process have been termed the Linnaean and Wallacean Shortfalls, respectively. The Indonesian archipelago is one of the most biologically diverse areas of the planet, as well as one of the most threatened and poorly studied, and the Linnaean and Wallacean Shortfalls pose substantial challenges for conservation in the region. Here I address each of the three stages of categorizing threatened species through a series of case studies on birds in two regions of Indonesia: Java and the Northern Moluccas. The first chapter addresses an example of the Linnaean Shortfall; using behavioural and vocal data, I provide insight on the taxonomic status of woodcock (genus: Scolopax) on Java. The display and vocalizations of these birds confirm that they are a distinct biological species and should be evaluated separately from woodcock in New Guinea. The second chapter focuses on the Wallacean Shortfall, and clarifies avian distributions in three Javan montane areas and on the North Moluccan island of Obi. On Obi, in particular, previous knowledge of bird distribution is woefully incomplete; I report nine species of resident birds previously unknown on the island. In the third and final section, I incorporate criteria from the IUCN Red List to re-evaluate the conservation status of two species on Obi, Chattering Lory Lorius garrulus and Moluccan Woodcock Scolopax rochussenii. One case results in good news for conservation; the Moluccan Woodcock is more common than previously believed, tolerates human habitat modification, and should be ‘down-listed’ from Endangered to Vulnerable. The other is not; Chattering Lory is heavily trapped for the parrot trade and without conservation action, may likely become locally extinct. As such, it is more endangered than currently appreciated and should be considered Endangered rather than Vulnerable.

Subjects/Keywords: Indonesia; birds; conservation

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Mittermeier, J. C. (2014). Avian Biogeography and Conservation in Eastern Indonesia. (Masters Thesis). Louisiana State University. Retrieved from etd-09042014-133832 ; https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/2367

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Mittermeier, John C. “Avian Biogeography and Conservation in Eastern Indonesia.” 2014. Masters Thesis, Louisiana State University. Accessed February 23, 2020. etd-09042014-133832 ; https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/2367.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Mittermeier, John C. “Avian Biogeography and Conservation in Eastern Indonesia.” 2014. Web. 23 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

Mittermeier JC. Avian Biogeography and Conservation in Eastern Indonesia. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Louisiana State University; 2014. [cited 2020 Feb 23]. Available from: etd-09042014-133832 ; https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/2367.

Council of Science Editors:

Mittermeier JC. Avian Biogeography and Conservation in Eastern Indonesia. [Masters Thesis]. Louisiana State University; 2014. Available from: etd-09042014-133832 ; https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/2367

University of Otago

23. Meadows, Sarah. Birds as indicators of agroecosystem resilience and sentinels of market accreditation: A case study of New Zealand South Island sheep/beef farms .

Degree: 2011, University of Otago

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/658

► New Zealand is unique among industrialized countries in that, in the absence of farming subsidies, farm management is governed largely by consumers in Europe, the… (more)

▼ New Zealand is unique among industrialized countries in that, in the absence of farming subsidies, farm management is governed largely by consumers in Europe, the United States and Japan, where the majority of agricultural products are exported. The neoliberal context in which New Zealand agriculture is presently situated may provide the most likely vehicle through which biodiversity care on production lands may be introduced. As consumers in key niche markets abroad express increased preference for “green” commodities produced using sustainable and biodiversity-friendly farming practices, New Zealand farmers may be required to alter their farm management to include provisions for biodiversity care, or risk losing access to international markets. There is presenty a great need to identify ecologically relevant indicators of farm environment health and biodiversity that are simultaneously able to guide farm management and resonate with farmers and consumers alike. Chapter 1 describes a conceptual model that proposes the establishment of a ‘Market Flagship Species,’ an innovative surrogate based on ecological and social science research that signals biodiversity-friendly farming practice. Using birds as proxies for wider agroecosystem diversity as well as farmer attitudes and actions toward biodiversity on their farms, Chapters 3-6 take a transdisciplinary approach in testing the efficacy of the model to select appropriate Market Flagship Species. A principal aim of the ecological component of this study was to examine the role of woody vegetation or ‘refuge’ habitat patches embedded within the production land matrix of sheep/beef farms in supporting bird diversity. Accordingly, bird community composition was measured by conducting five-minute point counts exclusively within woody vegetation patches on 12 South Island sheep/beef farms ranging in geographic distribution from Banks Peninsula (Canterbury) to the Catlins (Southland). 9,050 birds were recorded during 1,086 point counts conducted within 246 different patches over the course of 8 field circuits conducted between 2007-2010. Data were collected according to distance sampling methods, but the extrapolation of diversity estimates within individual patches presented a unique methodological problem: Namely, what is the best method to mitigate bias associated with data collected within a series of discrete patches of varying sizes? Chapter 2 describes a methodology for generating unbiased indices of bird species richness based on the exclusion of data beyond a radial truncation distance of 10m. With an assumed detection probability of 1 within a 10m radius, densities of 12 common species occurring within two key habitats were generated. 10m truncation densities closely corresponded to densities generated using distance methods. Although the developed method reduces available data for analysis, it largely mitigates bias associated with detection while ensuring that sampling effort within small versus large patches remains equivalent. This method was therefore… Advisors/Committee Members: Moller, Henrik (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: farmland birds; resilience

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APA (6^th Edition):

Meadows, S. (2011). Birds as indicators of agroecosystem resilience and sentinels of market accreditation: A case study of New Zealand South Island sheep/beef farms . (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Otago. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10523/658

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Meadows, Sarah. “Birds as indicators of agroecosystem resilience and sentinels of market accreditation: A case study of New Zealand South Island sheep/beef farms .” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Otago. Accessed February 23, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10523/658.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Meadows, Sarah. “Birds as indicators of agroecosystem resilience and sentinels of market accreditation: A case study of New Zealand South Island sheep/beef farms .” 2011. Web. 23 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

Meadows S. Birds as indicators of agroecosystem resilience and sentinels of market accreditation: A case study of New Zealand South Island sheep/beef farms . [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Otago; 2011. [cited 2020 Feb 23]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/658.

Council of Science Editors:

Meadows S. Birds as indicators of agroecosystem resilience and sentinels of market accreditation: A case study of New Zealand South Island sheep/beef farms . [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Otago; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/658

24. Swithine, Hameenda Kabilika. Isolation of Bacterial pathogens from dead- in- shell Chicken embryos from local Hatcheries.

Degree: 2012, University of Zimbabwe

URL: http://dspace.unza.zm/handle/123456789/1732

► Commercial hatcheries in Zambia have been experiencing losses due to dead-in-shell embryos for quite sometime. Numerous Salmonella serotypes have been frequently recorded in poultry population… (more)

▼ Commercial hatcheries in Zambia have been experiencing losses due to dead-in-shell embryos for quite sometime. Numerous Salmonella serotypes have been frequently recorded in poultry population in Zambia, but no information is available on bacterial association with dead-in-shell mortality in hatcheries. Hence investigation into three commercial hatcheries of Zambia was made to find out the role of bacterial pathogens in embryonic mortality and hatchability. These hatcheries had an average dead -in-shell losses between 15.2% and 31.1%. One thousand dead-in-shell chicken embryos from each hatchery formed samples. Ten pooled yolk sac contents or whole egg contents formed one sample. The homogenised samples were cultured on suitable media. Isolation and identification of bacteria was done according to standard bacteriological methods. Three hundred and eighty three (383) cultures were isolated. More than half (208) were isolated firom hatchery A, the other two hatcheries B and C had 118 and 57 cultures isolated respectively. Majority of the isolates were enteric group of bacteria. Out of all the isolates Escherichia coli was predominant with 18.28% (70) followed by Staphylococcus species 14.10% (54) and Pseudomonas species 11.75% (45/ Klebsiella species recorded 9.40% (36). Salmonella species, Enterobacter and Citrobacter species recorded 8.87% (34) each. Acinetobacter recorded 6.79% (26), Proteus species had 6.26% (24), Enterococcus species recorded 2.87% (11) and Streptococcus sp. had 1.04% (4). Alcaligenes faecalis and Aeromonas hydrophila both recorded 0.78% (3). Neisseria dentrificans recorded 0.52% (2) and Edwardsiella species., Micrococcus and Providencia recorded 0.26% (1) each. Out of the fifty four (54) Staphylococcus species, forty three (43)were Staphylococcus aureus. Serotyping of Escherichia coli revealed that six (6) cultures were serotype 08:k47, five (5) were serotype 09:k28, two (2) belonged to serotype 032/33:k- and one (1) each were serotype 088:k-, 016:k- and 0101 :k-. Out of seventy cultures of Escherichia coli isolated, fifty four (54) were rough untypable. All these cultures were found to be less or more pathogenic to thirteen (13) day old chicken embryos and white mice. It was also interesting to note that all of the thirty four (34) Salmonella cultures isolated were Salmonella enteritidis. However on phage typing twenty (20) belonged to phage type 4 (PT4), four (4) were phage type 1 (PTl), two (2) were phage type lb (PTlb) and another two (2) were phage type 7(PT7). One was phage type 7a (PT7a) and five were not typed. The isolation of Salmonella enteritidis, especially most invasive phage type 4, in breeding flocks for the first time in Zambia may open a new page in the epidemiology of Salmonella and a need for effective control measures in this country. A few cultures of Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis and Staphylococcus aureus were subjected to antimicrobial senshivity. The results of the antimicrobial sensitivity test showed high levels of antimicrobial resistance. Antimicrobial…

Subjects/Keywords: Embryology – Birds; Bacteriology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Swithine, H. K. (2012). Isolation of Bacterial pathogens from dead- in- shell Chicken embryos from local Hatcheries. (Thesis). University of Zimbabwe. Retrieved from http://dspace.unza.zm/handle/123456789/1732

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Swithine, Hameenda Kabilika. “Isolation of Bacterial pathogens from dead- in- shell Chicken embryos from local Hatcheries.” 2012. Thesis, University of Zimbabwe. Accessed February 23, 2020. http://dspace.unza.zm/handle/123456789/1732.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Swithine, Hameenda Kabilika. “Isolation of Bacterial pathogens from dead- in- shell Chicken embryos from local Hatcheries.” 2012. Web. 23 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

Swithine HK. Isolation of Bacterial pathogens from dead- in- shell Chicken embryos from local Hatcheries. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Zimbabwe; 2012. [cited 2020 Feb 23]. Available from: http://dspace.unza.zm/handle/123456789/1732.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Swithine HK. Isolation of Bacterial pathogens from dead- in- shell Chicken embryos from local Hatcheries. [Thesis]. University of Zimbabwe; 2012. Available from: http://dspace.unza.zm/handle/123456789/1732

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of St Andrews

25. Blackburn, Emma. The wintering and migration ecology of the whinchat Saxicola rubetra, a declining Palearctic migrant.

Degree: PhD, 2014, University of St Andrews

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10023/11859

► For migrant birds, the non-breeding season can greatly influence survival and future reproductive success. Knowledge of annual and overwinter survival, the degree of site fidelity… (more)

▼ For migrant birds, the non-breeding season can greatly influence survival and future reproductive success. Knowledge of annual and overwinter survival, the degree of site fidelity and habitat use in the non-breeding season, migration ecology, routes and stopovers, and whether these differ with age or sex is fundamental to understanding population dynamics, vulnerability to anthropogenic habitat degradation, and consequently for understanding the severe widespread declines of migrant bird species. The degree to which a migrant is a winter specialist or generalist is likely to be central to understanding population dynamics. I studied survival rates and the wintering and migration ecology of a declining Palearctic migrant, the whinchat Saxicola rubetra, wintering in West Africa, to establish how the non-breeding season may influence migrant population dynamics. Whinchats were extremely site faithful to both within and between years, holding distinct winter territories and returning to those territories in subsequent winters, despite the opportunity to relocate. Overwinter survival was very high and annual survival was comparable to or higher than that reported on the breeding grounds. Because our power to detect resident and dispersing birds was high, survival rates likely estimated true survival well. Habitat characteristics varied widely across territories and territories were smaller if more perching shrubs and maize were present. Most individuals showed a tolerance or even preference for human modified habitats. Some individuals may have multiple wintering sites. There was no evidence of dominance-based habitat occupancy or any differences in winter ecology, site fidelity, survival and most aspects of migratory behaviour between age and sex classes. Migratory connectivity occurred only on a large-scale and individual migratory behaviour was also varied. Fundamentally, the results suggest a generalist strategy in the non-breeding season within their wintering habitat of open savannah, most likely as an adaption to stochastic site selection within the wintering range for juveniles undertaking their first migration plus changing and unpredictable conditions both within and between years. Consequently, wintering conditions may not significantly limit whinchat populations and mortality is probably highest during active migration. Notably, non-specialist migrants such as whinchats may have some resilience at the population-level to the increasing anthropogenic habitat modification occurring in Africa, suggesting that conditions during migration and in Europe may be driving declines; yet establishing the currently unknown thresholds of any resilience is likely to be fundamental for the future conservation migrants.

Subjects/Keywords: 598; QL698.9B62; Birds – Migration; Birds – Ecology; Migratory birds – Conservation; Bird declines

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APA (6^th Edition):

Blackburn, E. (2014). The wintering and migration ecology of the whinchat Saxicola rubetra, a declining Palearctic migrant. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of St Andrews. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10023/11859

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Blackburn, Emma. “The wintering and migration ecology of the whinchat Saxicola rubetra, a declining Palearctic migrant.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, University of St Andrews. Accessed February 23, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/11859.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Blackburn, Emma. “The wintering and migration ecology of the whinchat Saxicola rubetra, a declining Palearctic migrant.” 2014. Web. 23 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

Blackburn E. The wintering and migration ecology of the whinchat Saxicola rubetra, a declining Palearctic migrant. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of St Andrews; 2014. [cited 2020 Feb 23]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10023/11859.

Council of Science Editors:

Blackburn E. The wintering and migration ecology of the whinchat Saxicola rubetra, a declining Palearctic migrant. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of St Andrews; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10023/11859

Macquarie University

26. Chan, Nicholas. Constraints on body mass and ecomorphological evolution in birds.

Degree: 2015, Macquarie University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/1074476

►

Thesis by publication.

1. Does size variation in Genyornis newtoni encompass eggshell safety limits? – 2. Phylogenetic variation in hindlimb bone scaling of flightless therapods… (more)

▼

Thesis by publication.

1. Does size variation in Genyornis newtoni encompass eggshell safety limits? – 2. Phylogenetic variation in hindlimb bone scaling of flightless therapods – 3. Complex evolution of leg bones in the transition to flightlessness in birds – 4. A comparison of pterosaur and Mesozoic avian morphospaces constructed using functionally analogous traits.

A number of constraints have been hypothesised to have affected avian evolutionary history. Testing these hypotheses is key to understanding the causal processes behind observed patterns of diversity and disparity. Four topics on this theme are examined here. The first is that egg shell strength relative to incubator body mass limits body mass. Size variation in the giant, extinct flightless bird Genyornis newtoni is used to determine whether sexual dimorphism may have compensated for any mismatch between mass and eggshell strength in this species. Secondly, limits to leg bone scaling are tested for using quadratic regressions of leg bone measurements from 58 species of flightless birds. Comparisons with non-avian theropods are made to see whether patterns of scaling seen in birds demonstrate limits to leg bone allometry in birds. Thirdly, the evolution of leg bone proportions in 38 species of flightless birds is explored. Factor analyses are used to quantify changes in proportions from ancestral morphologies modelled on volant relatives. Multiple regressions are used to see if these changes are related to shifts in body size, the amount of time since loss of flight, and the size of the land area upon which each lineage evolved. In Chapter 4, the hypothesis of competition between Mesozoic birds and pterosaurs during the Mesozoic is investigated using multivariate analysis of functionally analogous traits. The results of these studies provide support to hypotheses of constrained leg bone allometry, with increases in femur length relative to girth being restricted, related to posture in birds and of ecological separation rather than competition between Mesozoic birds and pterosaurs. It is also shown that the evolution of the leg bones after the loss of flight is not limited by any universal selection pressures, with changes in the proportions of these bones showing no consistent patterns through avian phylogeny. Together, these studies provide new insights into the potential constraints that have affected avian evolution for the past 160 million years.

1 online resource (xiv, 169 pages) colour illustrations

Advisors/Committee Members: Macquarie University. Department of Biological Sciences.

Subjects/Keywords: Birds – Evolution; Birds – Flight; Birds – Ecolog; Birds – Physiology; Ratites – Physiology; birds; body mass; flight; theropods; ecomorphology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Chan, N. (2015). Constraints on body mass and ecomorphological evolution in birds. (Doctoral Dissertation). Macquarie University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/1074476

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Chan, Nicholas. “Constraints on body mass and ecomorphological evolution in birds.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, Macquarie University. Accessed February 23, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/1074476.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Chan, Nicholas. “Constraints on body mass and ecomorphological evolution in birds.” 2015. Web. 23 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

Chan N. Constraints on body mass and ecomorphological evolution in birds. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Macquarie University; 2015. [cited 2020 Feb 23]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/1074476.

Council of Science Editors:

Chan N. Constraints on body mass and ecomorphological evolution in birds. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Macquarie University; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/1074476

University of KwaZulu-Natal

27. [No author]. Aspects of fruit digestion and selection in selected Southern African avain frugivores.

Degree: 2014, University of KwaZulu-Natal

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10413/12254

► Fruit-frugivore interactions play a central in maintaining the structure and diversity of ecosystems through their effects on seed dispersal. Because fruit selection and thus fruit… (more)

▼ Fruit-frugivore interactions play a central in maintaining the structure and diversity of ecosystems through their effects on seed dispersal. Because fruit selection and thus fruit removal represents the first stage in the seed dispersal process, understanding factors affecting fruit selection can play an important role in the formulation of sound conservation efforts especially light of the on-going habitat change. However, to date, the research is inconclusive as to factors affecting fruit selection as results have revealed inconsistent and controversial with a huge variation in fruit selection patterns between species and within individuals of the same species. The huge inter- and intra-specific variation in fruit selection patterns precludes any generalizations on fruit selection notwithstanding the research effort addressing the issue. One factor that could be attributed to this pattern is that most studies on fruit selection patterns in frugivorous birds have studied fruit attributes or physiological adaptations of frugivores to fruits in isolation. Because fruit profitability is affected by both pre- and post-ingestional factors, studying these factors in isolation deprives us of fresh insights into the fruit-frugivore interaction. Therefore by relating the physiological aspects of frugivores to fruit characteristics, this study aims to provide a link between the physiology of birds and their feeding ecology. Cape white-eyes (Zosterops virens), red-winged starlings (Onychognathus morio) and speckled mousebirds (Colius striatus) were used for this study. In the first part of this thesis, transit times and digestive efficiencies of birds fed equicaloric glucose and sucrose artificial fruit diets of varying concentrations were determined. Three concentrations were used: low (6.6%), medium (12.4%) and high (22%). Digesta transit times of birds increased with an increase in concentration for all diets but were generally higher on glucose diets. This finding has been widely reported in other similar studies. The increase in digesta transit times with an increase in sugar concentration may be due to high nutrient density on high concentration diets which require a longer processing time. Intake rates, on the other hand, decreased with an increase in sugar concentration. The inverse relationship between food intake and nutrient levels has often been attributed to compensatory feeding which posits that birds respond to nutrient dilution by increasing intake to allow a constant flux of assimilated energy. Indeed, speckled mousebirds and Cape white-eyes maintained a constant assimilated energy intake on sucrose diets by modulating food intake rates. The apparent assimilation efficiencies of glucose diets for all species were comparable and typical of those found in other frugivorous birds. However, red-winged starlings displayed low assimilation efficiencies for sucrose diets and lost significant body mass on all sucrose diets. The lack of significant sucrase activity in this species was attributed to this finding.… Advisors/Committee Members: Downs, Colleen Thelma (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Birds – Physiology.; Birds – Feeding and feeds.; Birds – Digestive organs.; Frugivores – Physiology.; Frugivores – Digestive organs.; Ecology.

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APA (6^th Edition):

author], [. (2014). Aspects of fruit digestion and selection in selected Southern African avain frugivores. (Thesis). University of KwaZulu-Natal. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10413/12254

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

author], [No. “Aspects of fruit digestion and selection in selected Southern African avain frugivores. ” 2014. Thesis, University of KwaZulu-Natal. Accessed February 23, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/12254.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

author], [No. “Aspects of fruit digestion and selection in selected Southern African avain frugivores. ” 2014. Web. 23 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

author] [. Aspects of fruit digestion and selection in selected Southern African avain frugivores. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of KwaZulu-Natal; 2014. [cited 2020 Feb 23]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10413/12254.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

author] [. Aspects of fruit digestion and selection in selected Southern African avain frugivores. [Thesis]. University of KwaZulu-Natal; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10413/12254

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Aberdeen

28. Owen, Ellie. The use of fatty acid signature analysis to investigate diets of North Sea seabirds.

Degree: School of Biological Sciences., 2009, University of Aberdeen

URL: http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=33428 ; http://digitool2.abdn.ac.uk:1801/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=33428&custom_att_2=simple_viewer

Subjects/Keywords: Sea birds; Sea birds; Sea birds

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APA (6^th Edition):

Owen, E. (2009). The use of fatty acid signature analysis to investigate diets of North Sea seabirds. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Aberdeen. Retrieved from http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=33428 ; http://digitool2.abdn.ac.uk:1801/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=33428&custom_att_2=simple_viewer

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Owen, Ellie. “The use of fatty acid signature analysis to investigate diets of North Sea seabirds.” 2009. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Aberdeen. Accessed February 23, 2020. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=33428 ; http://digitool2.abdn.ac.uk:1801/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=33428&custom_att_2=simple_viewer.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Owen, Ellie. “The use of fatty acid signature analysis to investigate diets of North Sea seabirds.” 2009. Web. 23 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

Owen E. The use of fatty acid signature analysis to investigate diets of North Sea seabirds. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Aberdeen; 2009. [cited 2020 Feb 23]. Available from: http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=33428 ; http://digitool2.abdn.ac.uk:1801/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=33428&custom_att_2=simple_viewer.

Council of Science Editors:

Owen E. The use of fatty acid signature analysis to investigate diets of North Sea seabirds. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Aberdeen; 2009. Available from: http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=33428 ; http://digitool2.abdn.ac.uk:1801/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=33428&custom_att_2=simple_viewer

29. Birn-Jeffrey, Aleksandra Victoria. Scaling of running stability and limb posture with body size in galliform birds.

Degree: PhD, 2012, Royal Veterinary College (University of London)

URL: https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.572447

► This is the first study of the scaling of stability and the consequences of body size for negotiating uneven terrain. Animals must maintain stability to… (more)

▼ This is the first study of the scaling of stability and the consequences of body size for negotiating uneven terrain. Animals must maintain stability to successfully negotiate these complex environments, but the field lacks established metrics for stability that are appropriate in a biological context. Understanding the neural control, behaviour and mechanical strategies that animals use in uneven terrain locomotion will provide insights into trade-offs and help design better legged robots. In this thesis, I investigate the neuro-mechanical strategies used by birds in uneven terrain, exploring possible trade-offs between stability, robustness to terrain height, and avoidance of injury due to high peak forces. The experimental data is from a runway with a single obstacle, varied in height between 0.1-0.5 relative to leg length. I examine whether ground-dwelling birds (galliforms and ostrich) spanning a 400 fold range of body size employ different strategies for obstacle negotiation. I expected heavier animals to avoid high peak forces to maintain constant muscle and bone stresses. In the process of this investigation, I have also explored possible metrics for stability and robustness. Surprisingly, all birds employ the same strategy for negotiating an obstacle, across species and obstacle heights. Unexpectedly, strategy did not change with body mass and limb posture. Across the 400-fold size range, leg function during obstacle negotiation is consistent with a reductionist leg model including a damper and a linear leg actuator, with work output determined by landing conditions. Robust stability relies on the interplay of swing and stance control; birds adjust the swing leg trajectory to control landing conditions, which combined with intrinsic mechanics explains the variation in stance leg work, allowing birds to negotiate the obstacle while maintaining relatively constant velocity. The findings suggest a universal control policy across a 400-fold size range that shows promise for the control of legged robots.

Subjects/Keywords: 598; Birds - Anatomy and physiology, Birds – Locomotion, Galliform birds, Turkeys, Poultry – Behavior, Chickens - Behaviour

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APA (6^th Edition):

Birn-Jeffrey, A. V. (2012). Scaling of running stability and limb posture with body size in galliform birds. (Doctoral Dissertation). Royal Veterinary College (University of London). Retrieved from https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.572447

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Birn-Jeffrey, Aleksandra Victoria. “Scaling of running stability and limb posture with body size in galliform birds.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, Royal Veterinary College (University of London). Accessed February 23, 2020. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.572447.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Birn-Jeffrey, Aleksandra Victoria. “Scaling of running stability and limb posture with body size in galliform birds.” 2012. Web. 23 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

Birn-Jeffrey AV. Scaling of running stability and limb posture with body size in galliform birds. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Royal Veterinary College (University of London); 2012. [cited 2020 Feb 23]. Available from: https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.572447.

Council of Science Editors:

Birn-Jeffrey AV. Scaling of running stability and limb posture with body size in galliform birds. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Royal Veterinary College (University of London); 2012. Available from: https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.572447

Michigan State University

30. Shalaway, Scott Dee. Breeding bird abundance and distribution in fence row habitat.

Degree: PhD, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, 1979, Michigan State University

URL: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:42110

Subjects/Keywords: Birds – Eggs; Birds – Nests; Birds – Michigan

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Shalaway, S. D. (1979). Breeding bird abundance and distribution in fence row habitat. (Doctoral Dissertation). Michigan State University. Retrieved from http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:42110

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Shalaway, Scott Dee. “Breeding bird abundance and distribution in fence row habitat.” 1979. Doctoral Dissertation, Michigan State University. Accessed February 23, 2020. http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:42110.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Shalaway, Scott Dee. “Breeding bird abundance and distribution in fence row habitat.” 1979. Web. 23 Feb 2020.

Vancouver:

Shalaway SD. Breeding bird abundance and distribution in fence row habitat. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Michigan State University; 1979. [cited 2020 Feb 23]. Available from: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:42110.

Council of Science Editors:

Shalaway SD. Breeding bird abundance and distribution in fence row habitat. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Michigan State University; 1979. Available from: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:42110

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