subject:(Biologische bestrijding van plagen)

1. Ardeh, M.J. Whitefly control potential of Eretmocerus parasitoids with different reproductive modes.

Degree: 2005, NARCIS

URL: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/343860 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-343860 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-343860 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/343860

► Whiteflies (Homoptera; Aleyrodidae) are amongst the key pests of vegetable, ornamental, and agronomic crops throughout the world. Because of failing and expensive chemical control, much… (more)

▼ Whiteflies (Homoptera; Aleyrodidae) are amongst the key pests of vegetable, ornamental, and agronomic crops throughout the world. Because of failing and expensive chemical control, much research has been directed at developing biological control by searching for efficient natural enemies of whiteflies. Among different categories of natural enemies, parasitoids have been efficient control agents and cost effective. The aim of the work described in this thesis was to find an efficient parasitoid to control Bemisia tabaci . <o:p></o:p>As a first step I collected data that were available in the literature to give an overview of the importance of the damage, the biology, and the management of whiteflies. I explained (1) why we have to use biological control agents, particularly parasitoids, to control whiteflies, and (2) why we chose the genus Eretmocerus as a potential candidate to control B. tabaci.<o:p></o:p>I concluded from available literature data that the two populations of E. mundus might be good candidates for control of B. tabaci : the sexual population from the<st1:place>Mediterranean</st1:place>, which is commercially available, and an asexual population, which has been found in<st1:country-region><st1:place>Australia</st1:place></st1:country-region>. In theory, whenever a parasitoid produces more females, it potentially can achieve better pest control if other aspects of its biology are similar to that of the population that produces fewer females. Therefore, asexuality (i.e. females that produce only female progeny) might boost the effectiveness of a parasitoid as a biological control agent. Therefore, I evaluated the biology of an arrhenotokous (sexual) population versus a thelytokous (asexual) population. <o:p></o:p>The two populations have already shown compliance with essential qualitative criteria as a biocontrol of B. tabaci (chapter 1). I conducted experiments to further compare their characteristics and studied several new elements of their biology. In chapter 2, Icompared the impact of the mode of reproduction (sexual and asexual)<span… Advisors/Committee Members: Wageningen University, Joop van Lenteren, Peter de Jong.

Subjects/Keywords: insectenplagen; bemisia tabaci; biologische bestrijding; eretmocerus; voortplanting; wolbachia; Biologische bestrijding van plagen; insect pests; bemisia tabaci; biological control; eretmocerus; reproduction; wolbachia; Biological Control of Pests

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Ardeh, M. J. (2005). Whitefly control potential of Eretmocerus parasitoids with different reproductive modes. (Doctoral Dissertation). NARCIS. Retrieved from http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/343860 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-343860 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-343860 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/343860

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Ardeh, M J. “Whitefly control potential of Eretmocerus parasitoids with different reproductive modes.” 2005. Doctoral Dissertation, NARCIS. Accessed December 10, 2019. http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/343860 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-343860 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-343860 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/343860.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Ardeh, M J. “Whitefly control potential of Eretmocerus parasitoids with different reproductive modes.” 2005. Web. 10 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Ardeh MJ. Whitefly control potential of Eretmocerus parasitoids with different reproductive modes. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. NARCIS; 2005. [cited 2019 Dec 10]. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/343860 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-343860 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-343860 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/343860.

Council of Science Editors:

Ardeh MJ. Whitefly control potential of Eretmocerus parasitoids with different reproductive modes. [Doctoral Dissertation]. NARCIS; 2005. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/343860 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-343860 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-343860 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/343860

2. Silva, e, I.M.M.S. Identification and evaluation of Trichogramma parasitoids for biological pest control.

Degree: 1999, Agricultural University

URL: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/63073 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-63073 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-63073 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/63073

► Egg parasitoids of the genus Trichogramma are used as biological control agents against lepidopterous pests. From the 180 species described world-wide, only 5 have… (more)

▼ Egg parasitoids of the genus Trichogramma are used as biological control agents against lepidopterous pests. From the 180 species described world-wide, only 5 have large scale application. The development of better methods to select other Trichogramma species/strains is necessary for a more effective use of these wasps against target pests. The main aim of this thesis is to investigate criteria and methods for identification and selection of Trichogramma species/strains for biological control. In chapter 1, I give a short review on biology, research and use of Trichogramma , state the research aims and present the outline of the thesis. One of the first problems researchers are confronted with when working on Trichogramma is their identity. Along with the classical methods, simple and practical methodologies of species identification are needed. The use of molecular methods to characterise and identify five Portuguese Trichogramma species is described in chapter 2 . These methods are: 1) electrophoresis of PCR amplified DNA internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS-2), followed by digestions by means of restriction enzymes and 2) esterase electrophoresis. Five Trichogramma species occurring in Portugal, T. bourarachae, T. cordubensis, T. evanescens, T. pintoi and T. turkestanica can be easily distinguished from each other by means of dichotomous keys that were constructed based on the two methods. The two methods may be used together with other identification methods for field specimens or be used on its own for detection of possible laboratory contaminations. The specificity of mating attempts was investigated as an additional tool to quickly distinguish between Trichogramma species ( chapter 3 ). Although mating attempts occurred more often between conspecifics, they were not always species-specific. Two compounds that might be involved in mate-specific recognition in Trichogramma were characterised. These two compounds are produced by virgin females and were not found in mixed groups of males and presumably mated females or in groups of males only. We concluded that the specificity of mating attempts cannot be used as a general taxonomic tool for Trichogramma . From the point of view of biological control only the females are useful, because they kill the host eggs. We know of several Trichogramma species in which virgin females produce female offspring (thelytoky). In most of these cases thelytoky is related to the presence of Wolbachia , an endosymbiotic bacterium. In some cases all female wasps in a population are infected with the bacteria (fixed population), while in other cases infected and uninfected females coexist (mixed population). The hypothesis that in fixed populations the effect of the bacteria on Trichogramma female fitness is less negative than in mixed populations was tested in chapter… Advisors/Committee Members: J.C. van Lenteren, R. Stouthamer.

Subjects/Keywords: trichogramma; parasitoïden; thelytoky; identificatie; biologische bestrijding; insectenplagen; lepidoptera; Biologische bestrijding van plagen; trichogramma; parasitoids; thelytoky; identification; biological control; insect pests; lepidoptera; Biological Control of Pests

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Silva, e, I. M. M. S. (1999). Identification and evaluation of Trichogramma parasitoids for biological pest control. (Doctoral Dissertation). Agricultural University. Retrieved from http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/63073 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-63073 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-63073 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/63073

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Silva, e, I M M S. “Identification and evaluation of Trichogramma parasitoids for biological pest control.” 1999. Doctoral Dissertation, Agricultural University. Accessed December 10, 2019. http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/63073 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-63073 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-63073 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/63073.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Silva, e, I M M S. “Identification and evaluation of Trichogramma parasitoids for biological pest control.” 1999. Web. 10 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Silva, e IMMS. Identification and evaluation of Trichogramma parasitoids for biological pest control. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Agricultural University; 1999. [cited 2019 Dec 10]. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/63073 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-63073 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-63073 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/63073.

Council of Science Editors:

Silva, e IMMS. Identification and evaluation of Trichogramma parasitoids for biological pest control. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Agricultural University; 1999. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/63073 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-63073 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-63073 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/63073

3. Bianchi, F.J.J.A. Process-based modeling of the control of beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, with baculoviruses in greenhouse chrysanthemum.

Degree: 2001, NARCIS

URL: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/107000 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-107000 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-107000 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/107000

► This thesis describes the development of a process-based simulation model for the population dynamics of beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua , and baculoviruses in greenhouse… (more)

▼ This thesis describes the development of a process-based simulation model for the population dynamics of beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua , and baculoviruses in greenhouse chrysanthemum. The model (BACSIM) has been validated for two baculoviruses with clear differences in biological characteristics, Autographa californica multicapsid nucleopolyhedro-virus (AcMNPV) and Spodoptera exigua MNPV (SeMNPV). The validated model has been used to generate scenario studies, which are used for the evaluation of the potential of baculoviruses as biological control agents. The first requirement for the construction of BACSIM is quantitative understanding of the processes that determine the chrysanthemum- S. exigua -baculovirus system, such as insect behavior and population dynamics, the baculovirus infection cycle and virus transmission routes. These processes have been studied and described in chapters 2 to 5. S. exigua parameters : The developmental rate and background mortality of populations of S. exigua larvae have been quantified on chrysanthemum in a greenhouse situation (chapter 4). In addition, the preference of feeding sites and leaf visit rate of S. exigua larvae have been studied on chrysanthemum plants under controlled conditions (chapter 4). Baculovirus parameters : The infectivity and speed of action of AcMNPV and SeMNPV has been determined for various stages of S. exigua larvae that were reared on artificial diet (chapter 2). To study the effect of the host plant on the baculovirus infection cycle the infectivity and speed of action of SeMNPV has also been determined for S. exigua larvae reared on chrysanthemum (chapter 4). S. exigua larvae reared on chrysanthemum appeared to be more susceptible to SeMNPV than larvae reared on artificial diet. The polyhedron inactivation rate of AcMNPV and SeMNPV on greenhouse chrysanthemum has been quantified in chapter 3 and 7, respectively. Wild-type AcMNPV and SeMNPV have marked differences in infectivity and speed of action, but the relative inactivation rates of AcMNPV and SeMNPV polyhedra were not significantly different. The deletion of the egt , pp34 or p10 genes from AcMNPV had no or only a marginal impact on the infectivity, speed of action or inactivation rate of this virus (chapter 2). In other virus-host combinations such deletions had a major effect on these parameters. As the AcMNPV recombinants behaved biologically in a similar way as wild-type AcMNPV, wild-type AcMNPV and SeMNPV were chosen as viruses for the model system. Baculovirus transmission : Horizontal transmission of SeMNPV in S. exigua populations with varying densities of primarily SeMNPV-infected larvae has been studied in chrysanthemum under greenhouse conditions (chapter 5). The distribution of polyhedra released from SeMNPV-killed larvae over chrysanthemum plants has been quantified in detail under controlled conditions (chapter… Advisors/Committee Members: Wageningen University, R. Rabbinge, J.M. Vlak, W. van der Werf.

Subjects/Keywords: chrysanthemum; biologische bestrijding; organismen ingezet bij biologische bestrijding; baculovirus; spodoptera exigua; epidemiologie; systeemanalyse; simulatiemodellen; Biologische bestrijding van plagen; chrysanthemum; biological control; biological control agents; baculovirus; spodoptera exigua; epidemiology; systems analysis; simulation models; Biological Control of Pests

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Bianchi, F. J. J. A. (2001). Process-based modeling of the control of beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, with baculoviruses in greenhouse chrysanthemum. (Doctoral Dissertation). NARCIS. Retrieved from http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/107000 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-107000 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-107000 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/107000

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Bianchi, F J J A. “Process-based modeling of the control of beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, with baculoviruses in greenhouse chrysanthemum.” 2001. Doctoral Dissertation, NARCIS. Accessed December 10, 2019. http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/107000 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-107000 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-107000 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/107000.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Bianchi, F J J A. “Process-based modeling of the control of beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, with baculoviruses in greenhouse chrysanthemum.” 2001. Web. 10 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Bianchi FJJA. Process-based modeling of the control of beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, with baculoviruses in greenhouse chrysanthemum. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. NARCIS; 2001. [cited 2019 Dec 10]. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/107000 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-107000 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-107000 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/107000.

Council of Science Editors:

Bianchi FJJA. Process-based modeling of the control of beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, with baculoviruses in greenhouse chrysanthemum. [Doctoral Dissertation]. NARCIS; 2001. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/107000 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-107000 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-107000 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/107000

4. Tommasini, M.G. Evaluation of Orius species for biological control of Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae).

Degree: 2003, NARCIS

URL: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/321640 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-321640 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-321640 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/321640

► Key words: Thysanoptera, Frankliniella occidentalis, Heteroptera, Orius leavigatu, Orius majusculu, Orius niger, Orius insidiosus, Biology, Diapause, Biological control.The overall aim of this research was to… (more)

▼ Key words: Thysanoptera, Frankliniella occidentalis, Heteroptera, Orius leavigatu, Orius majusculu, Orius niger, Orius insidiosus, Biology, Diapause, Biological control.The overall aim of this research was to develop a biological control programme for F. occidentalis through the selection of an efficient beneficial arthropod. First, a general review of the literature about thrips pest species in Europe and in particular of Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Western Flower Thrips) was made. Information regarding the biology, distribution, host plants of thrips and damage induced by this pest species were discussed and summarized. The main candidates as natural enemies for control of thrips emerging from this literature study and from an evaluation of all present data, were Anthocoridae, and, thus, further research was directed towards Anthocorid predators of the genus Orius (Rhyncota: Heteroptera) ( chapter 1 ).Next, of the genus Orius , the most common species of the Mediterranean regions of Europe were chosen as candidates for biological control of F. occidentalis . Orius predators were collected in several areas in Italy on 36 plant species infested by thrips. The most common species were O. niger Wolff, O. laevigatus (Fieber) and O. majusculus (Reuter). No clear host-plant preferences of these Orius species were recorded ( chapter 2 ).Consequently, biological characteristics and predation activity of four Orius species (the palaeartic O. majusculus , O. laevigatus and O. niger and the neartic O. insidiosus , an exotic species that was earlier released in Italy) were determined by laboratory experiments using two prey species: Ephestia kuehniella (Zell.) eggs and Frankliniella occidentalis adults. Preimaginal mortality, development time, sex-ratio, pre-oviposition period, longevity, fecundity, and predation during the instar stages and the adult stage were measured. The intrinsic rates of natural increase (r m) and the kill rates (k m= ln k 0/t k) for all four Orius species was determined. The k mwas 0.23 for O. laevigatus , 0.21 for O. majusculus , 0.25 for O. insidiosus , 0.19 for O. niger , respectively. In all species, the females that fed on E. kuehniella showed greater longevity and higher reproduction than those fed on F. occidentalis . Most data for the neartic O. insidiosus were similar to those of O. laevigatus and O. majusculus . Mass rearings of O. insidiosus , O. laevigatus and O. majusculus were successfully developed, while O. niger appeared difficult to rear. Based on these data, it was concluded that O. laevigatus might be the best candidate for control of thrips ( chapter 3 ).No data were available about the occurrence of diapause in O. laevigatus . As thrips pest occur early in the season, it is important to use natural enemies that do not go into… Advisors/Committee Members: Wageningen University, Joop van Lenteren.

Subjects/Keywords: frankliniella occidentalis; thysanoptera; insectenplagen; orius; heteroptera; anthocoridae; biologische bestrijding; diapauze; organismen ingezet bij biologische bestrijding; Biologische bestrijding van plagen; frankliniella occidentalis; thysanoptera; insect pests; orius; heteroptera; anthocoridae; biological control; biological control agents; diapause; Biological Control of Pests

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Tommasini, M. G. (2003). Evaluation of Orius species for biological control of Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). (Doctoral Dissertation). NARCIS. Retrieved from http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/321640 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-321640 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-321640 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/321640

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Tommasini, M G. “Evaluation of Orius species for biological control of Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae).” 2003. Doctoral Dissertation, NARCIS. Accessed December 10, 2019. http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/321640 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-321640 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-321640 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/321640.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Tommasini, M G. “Evaluation of Orius species for biological control of Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae).” 2003. Web. 10 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Tommasini MG. Evaluation of Orius species for biological control of Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. NARCIS; 2003. [cited 2019 Dec 10]. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/321640 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-321640 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-321640 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/321640.

Council of Science Editors:

Tommasini MG. Evaluation of Orius species for biological control of Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). [Doctoral Dissertation]. NARCIS; 2003. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/321640 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-321640 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-321640 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/321640

5. Fransen, J.J. Aschersonia aleyrodis as a microbial control agent of greenhouse whitefly.

Degree: 1987, Agricultural University

URL: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/3854 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-3854 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-3854 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/3854

► Various aspects of the development of the entomopathogenic fungus Aschersoniaaleyrodis as a control agent of greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodesvaporariorum , were investigated. For control of greenhouse… (more)

▼ Various aspects of the development of the entomopathogenic fungus Aschersoniaaleyrodis as a control agent of greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodesvaporariorum , were investigated. For control of greenhouse whitefly in tomato crops the parasitoid Encarsiaformosa has been successful, but in cucumber crops a successful suppression of the whitefly population is often not achieved. Therefore, an additional selective control method is needed. The attention was focused on the fungal pathogen Aschersoniaaleyrodis (Chapter 1). The spores of A. aleyrodis germinated on the integument of whitefly larvae. Penetration of the cuticle took place after formation of an appressorium. The haemolymph and insect tissues were colonized by the fungus and the insect changed in colour from transparent yellow green to clear or opaque orange. Under favourable conditions the mycelium protruded from the insect and orange-coloured spore masses were produced in a mucilaginous layer (Chapter 2). Information on the susceptibility of greenhouse whitefly at the various life stages is of importance for application of A. aleyrodis . Eggs of the host did not become infected. First instar, second instar and third instar larvae were highly susceptible to infection. Fourth instar larvae were susceptible to a lesser extent. When these larvae developed into the so-called prepupal and pupal stage the cuticle changed and the whitefly became more resistant. Generally, adults did not become infected (Chapter 3). Dose-mortality responses were determined for the first, second, third and fourth instar larvae. Several experiments over time were carried out which gave consistent results. The dosage of spores on leaves needed to obtain 50% mortality (LC50) of first, second and third instar larvae was 19.53 spores/mm ², 21.03 spores/mm2 and 33.81 spores/mm ², respectively. This represents a dose of about 0.77 spores per first instar larva, 1.44 per second instar larva and 4.39 spores per third instar larvae. The LC95 values, expressed as number of spores per amount sprayed, were 1.98 X 10 ⁷spores/2ml for first instar larvae, 2.34 x 10 ⁷spores/2ml for second instar larvae and 3.27 X 10 ⁷spores/2ml for third instar larvae. The LC95 for fourth instar larvae was outside the dosage range tested. The LC50 varied with the age of the fourth instar larvae, from 6.0 x 10 ⁶spores/2ml to 2.6 x 10 ⁸spores/2ml in two different bioassays. The period before 50% of the larvae showed signs of infection (orange colouration) (LT50) at 20°C, was 11.8 days for first instar larvae, 9.5 days for second instar larvae and 7.0 days for third instar larvae, after application of 5.0 x 107 spores in 2 ml. The LT25 for fourth instar larvae was 5.6 days (Chapter 4). Another bioassay method was tested using cucumber leaf discs (6.5 cm, diameter). The presence of free water on the leaf surface enhanced the infection to such a degree that 77 to 90% of the… Advisors/Committee Members: J.C. van Lenteren, J. Dekker.

Subjects/Keywords: aleyrodidae; insecten; plantenplagen; biologische bestrijding; schimmels; organismen ingezet bij biologische bestrijding; deuteromycotina; coelomycetes; glastuinbouw; Biologische bestrijding van plagen; aleyrodidae; insects; plant pests; biological control; fungi; biological control agents; deuteromycotina; coelomycetes; greenhouse horticulture; Biological Control of Pests

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Fransen, J. J. (1987). Aschersonia aleyrodis as a microbial control agent of greenhouse whitefly. (Doctoral Dissertation). Agricultural University. Retrieved from http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/3854 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-3854 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-3854 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/3854

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Fransen, J J. “Aschersonia aleyrodis as a microbial control agent of greenhouse whitefly.” 1987. Doctoral Dissertation, Agricultural University. Accessed December 10, 2019. http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/3854 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-3854 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-3854 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/3854.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Fransen, J J. “Aschersonia aleyrodis as a microbial control agent of greenhouse whitefly.” 1987. Web. 10 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Fransen JJ. Aschersonia aleyrodis as a microbial control agent of greenhouse whitefly. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Agricultural University; 1987. [cited 2019 Dec 10]. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/3854 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-3854 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-3854 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/3854.

Council of Science Editors:

Fransen JJ. Aschersonia aleyrodis as a microbial control agent of greenhouse whitefly. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Agricultural University; 1987. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/3854 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-3854 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-3854 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/3854

6. Gebregiorgis, Firehun Yirefu. Management of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes [Mart.] Solms) using bioagents in the Rift Valley of Ethiopia.

Degree: 2017, Wageningen University

URL: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/516594 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-516594 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-516594 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/516594

► This thesis presents a study on management of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes [Mart.] Solms) using insects and fungal pathogens as bioagents. The main goal… (more)

▼ This thesis presents a study on management of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes [Mart.] Solms) using insects and fungal pathogens as bioagents. The main goal was to develop an effective biocontrol strategy for water hyacinth in the Rift Valley of Ethiopia. To this end, a field survey was conducted to assess the agro-ecological distribution of water hyacinth and of native fungal pathogens found in association with water hyacinth. We also performed laboratory and lath house experiments on (i) pathogenicity and host specificity of the fungal pathogens; (ii) adaptability, life table, efficacy and host specificity of the two Neochetina weevils; and (iii) the synergetic effects of integrated use of Neochetina weevils and fungal pathogen as bioagents. Survey results indicated that the weed is distributed in the Rift Valley water bodies located in low, mid and high altitude. The survey results also identified 25 fungal species found in association with water hyacinth that belonged to nine genera. Among the isolates, Alternaria alternata, A. tenuissima, and Alternaria spp. hold promise as possible bioagents of water hyacinth. Laboratory study on life cycle and development of Neochetina weevils indicated the two weevils took shorter generation time in Ethiopia than in Argentina but relatively similar to Kenya and Uganda. In Ethiopia, the two weevils produced four generations per year indicating their successful establishment. Feeding by adult weevils and tunneling by larvae significantly impacted the vigour and reproduction of water hyacinth plants. A herbivory loads of three pairs of N. bruchi and two pairs of N. eichhorniae showed the highest level of leaf damage and defoliated petioles. The study also reinforced that the two weevils are sufficiently host-specific. Finally, a study on integrated use of Neochetina weevils and an indigenous plant pathogen revealed that the two Neochetina weevils and the fungus A. alternata were together able to reduce the vegetative growth and fresh weight of water hyacinth plants considerably. This study recommends integrated use of fungal species and the two weevils to control water hyacinth. Implications of the findings are also discussed in the context of integrated water hyacinth management using the native fungal pathogens and the two weevils. Advisors/Committee Members: Wageningen University, Paul Struik, Egbert Lantinga, Taye Tessema.

Subjects/Keywords: eichhornia crassipes; organismen ingezet bij biologische bestrijding; biologische bestrijding; neochetina; curculionidae; mycoherbiciden; ethiopië; Biologische bestrijding van plagen; eichhornia crassipes; biological control agents; biological control; neochetina; curculionidae; mycoherbicides; ethiopia; Biological Control of Pests

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APA (6^th Edition):

Gebregiorgis, F. Y. (2017). Management of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes [Mart.] Solms) using bioagents in the Rift Valley of Ethiopia. (Doctoral Dissertation). Wageningen University. Retrieved from http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/516594 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-516594 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-516594 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/516594

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Gebregiorgis, Firehun Yirefu. “Management of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes [Mart.] Solms) using bioagents in the Rift Valley of Ethiopia.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, Wageningen University. Accessed December 10, 2019. http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/516594 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-516594 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-516594 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/516594.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Gebregiorgis, Firehun Yirefu. “Management of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes [Mart.] Solms) using bioagents in the Rift Valley of Ethiopia.” 2017. Web. 10 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Gebregiorgis FY. Management of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes [Mart.] Solms) using bioagents in the Rift Valley of Ethiopia. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Wageningen University; 2017. [cited 2019 Dec 10]. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/516594 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-516594 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-516594 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/516594.

Council of Science Editors:

Gebregiorgis FY. Management of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes [Mart.] Solms) using bioagents in the Rift Valley of Ethiopia. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Wageningen University; 2017. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/516594 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-516594 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-516594 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/516594

7. Georgievska, L. On the competitive fitness of baculoviruses in insects.

Degree: 2009, NARCIS

URL: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/383378 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-383378 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-383378 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/383378

► Mixed infections of baculoviruses in insect hosts are quite common in nature. This leads to ‘within-host’ and ‘between-host’ competition between virus variants. Because both levels… (more)

▼ Mixed infections of baculoviruses in insect hosts are quite common in nature. This leads to ‘within-host’ and ‘between-host’ competition between virus variants. Because both levels of selection will contribute to overall biological fitness, both must be included in assessments of the fitness of fast-acting recombinant baculoviruses. We investigated baculovirus fitness parameters in single and mixed infection of insect larvae, in single and serial passage experiments in lepidopteran hosts (Helicoverpa armigera, Spodoptera exiqua and Trichoplusia ni) in laboratory, greenhouse and field settings. Median time to death in third instar larvae of H. armigera (Hübner) was lower in insects challenged with a mixture of wild type (HaSNPV-wt) and mutant (_egt, HaSNPV-LM2) Helicoverpa armigera SNPV, than in larvae infected with only HaSNPV-wt. The results from a behavioral study on cotton (glasshouse, field) indicated that the transmission of HaSNPV-LM2 is not modified by the absence of the egt gene, whereas in the case of the HaSNPV-AaIT (_egt, + AaIT) lower virus yield as well as altered caterpillar behavior could compromise virus fitness. Virus transmission in greenhouse and field was not reduced, when HaSNPV-LM2 was used in mixed infections with HaSNPV-wt. However, a reduction of ‘between host’ transmission was recorded when H. armigera larvae were co-infected with HaSNPV-wt and HaSNPVAaIT. Serial passage experiments with S. exigua and T. ni showed positive selection for wild type SeMNPV and AcMNPV over genetically modified variants (_egt, + AaIT in the case of SeMNPV, and _egt in the case of AcMNPV) over passages. These findings can help to understand long-term dynamics of virus genotypes in virus-insect-host plant systems. They can also help foresee potential consequences of the introduction of genetically-modified or exotic baculoviruses in agro-ecosystems. Advisors/Committee Members: Wageningen University, Just Vlak, Wopke van der Werf.

Subjects/Keywords: insectenplagen; baculoviridae; gemengde infecties; biologische mededinging; transmissie; biologische bestrijding; Virussen van ongewervelden; Biologische bestrijding van plagen; insect pests; baculoviridae; mixed infections; biological competition; transmission; biological control; Viruses of Invertebrates; Biological Control of Pests

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Georgievska, L. (2009). On the competitive fitness of baculoviruses in insects. (Doctoral Dissertation). NARCIS. Retrieved from http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/383378 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-383378 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-383378 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/383378

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Georgievska, L. “On the competitive fitness of baculoviruses in insects.” 2009. Doctoral Dissertation, NARCIS. Accessed December 10, 2019. http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/383378 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-383378 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-383378 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/383378.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Georgievska, L. “On the competitive fitness of baculoviruses in insects.” 2009. Web. 10 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Georgievska L. On the competitive fitness of baculoviruses in insects. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. NARCIS; 2009. [cited 2019 Dec 10]. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/383378 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-383378 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-383378 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/383378.

Council of Science Editors:

Georgievska L. On the competitive fitness of baculoviruses in insects. [Doctoral Dissertation]. NARCIS; 2009. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/383378 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-383378 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-383378 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/383378

8. Manzano Martinez, M.R. Evaluation of Amitus fuscipennis as biological control agent of Trialeurodes vaporariorum on bean in Colombia.

Degree: 2000, Agricultural University

URL: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/65481 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-65481 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-65481 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/65481

► The research described in this thesis concerns the study of a natural enemy of whiteflies, Amitus fuscipennis MacGown & Nebeker under Colombian field and… (more)

▼ The research described in this thesis concerns the study of a natural enemy of whiteflies, Amitus fuscipennis MacGown & Nebeker under Colombian field and laboratory conditions. The general aim of the project was to study whether biological control of Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) with A. fuscipennis can be included into the guided control program for pests and diseases in bean. In Chapter 1 , natural enemies of whiteflies are reviewed (especially the biology and use of some species of Amitus ), the whitefly problem in Colombian bean crops is described and the aims of the study are given. When the present research project started, few biological data about A. fuscipennis were known. In Chapter 2 data about longevity, sex ratio and developmental time of A. fuscipennis are presented. The immature developmental time and longevity of fed and unfed adult parasitoids were compared under different temperature and relative humidity combinations. Combinations of moderate temperature and low relative humidity negatively affected parasitoid longevity. Results suggest that A. fuscipennis could be a potentially good biological control agent of T. vaporariorum in environments that are not overly dry or warm. Sex ratios of populations collected in the field and reared in the laboratory were strongly female-biased. Reproduction of the parasitoid is through thelytokous parthenogenesis. The species carries Wolbachia; the rickettsia that induces thelytoky but it was not tested if it induces thelytoky in A. fuscipennis . Because of the presence of the Andes mountain range in Colombia, cropping of dry and snap beans is possible at different altitudes as tropical highlands (altitudes above 1000 m) and inter-Andean valleys (altitudes around 1000 m). This range implies as well that there are large climatic variations, going from warm, dry areas to cooler, more humid ones. Therefore, it is important to determine how certain climatic conditions influence the biology and performance of A. fuscipennis . In Chapters 3 and 4 , the reproductive capacity of the pest insect T. vaporariorum and the parasitoid A. fuscipennis were measured as the intrinsic rate of population increase r _m . These parameters were measured on bean cultivars 'Chocho' and 'ICA-Pijao', under climatic conditions that simulated those of highland and midland areas. The r _m values of A. fuscipennis were higher than those of T. vaporariorum for both kinds of simulated conditions. This result permits us to conclude that A. fuscipennis may therefore be a suitable candidate for use in biological control programs against T. vaporariorum in Colombia. An interesting additional result was the finding that the r _m of T. vaporariorum was much lower on bean cv. Chocho than on cv. 'ICA-Pijao'. Cv. 'Chocho'… Advisors/Committee Members: J.C. van Lenteren.

Subjects/Keywords: bonen; phaseolus vulgaris; insectenplagen; trialeurodes vaporariorum; organismen ingezet bij biologische bestrijding; amitus; colombia; Biologische bestrijding van plagen; beans; phaseolus vulgaris; insect pests; trialeurodes vaporariorum; biological control agents; amitus; colombia; Biological Control of Pests

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Manzano Martinez, M. R. (2000). Evaluation of Amitus fuscipennis as biological control agent of Trialeurodes vaporariorum on bean in Colombia. (Doctoral Dissertation). Agricultural University. Retrieved from http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/65481 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-65481 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-65481 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/65481

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Manzano Martinez, M R. “Evaluation of Amitus fuscipennis as biological control agent of Trialeurodes vaporariorum on bean in Colombia.” 2000. Doctoral Dissertation, Agricultural University. Accessed December 10, 2019. http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/65481 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-65481 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-65481 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/65481.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Manzano Martinez, M R. “Evaluation of Amitus fuscipennis as biological control agent of Trialeurodes vaporariorum on bean in Colombia.” 2000. Web. 10 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Manzano Martinez MR. Evaluation of Amitus fuscipennis as biological control agent of Trialeurodes vaporariorum on bean in Colombia. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Agricultural University; 2000. [cited 2019 Dec 10]. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/65481 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-65481 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-65481 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/65481.

Council of Science Editors:

Manzano Martinez MR. Evaluation of Amitus fuscipennis as biological control agent of Trialeurodes vaporariorum on bean in Colombia. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Agricultural University; 2000. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/65481 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-65481 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-65481 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/65481

9. Schütte, C. A novel bacterial disease of the predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis: disease syndrome, disease transmission and pathogen isolation.

Degree: 2006, NARCIS

URL: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/348532 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-348532 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-348532 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/348532

► The predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot (Acari, Phytoseiidae) is a specialist predator of spider mites. Since more than three decades P. persimilis has been successfully… (more)

▼ The predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot (Acari, Phytoseiidae) is a specialist predator of spider mites. Since more than three decades P. persimilis has been successfully applied worldwide in biological control of the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari, Tetranychidae) in several greenhouse and field crops. The importance of P. persimilis and other predatory mites in integrated pest control has stimulated research, particularly on predator-prey interactions and foraging behaviour.<o:p></o:p>During the past two decades studies by different research groups have consistently demonstrated that adult female predatory mites are attracted to volatiles emanating from Lima bean plants infested with their prey T. urticae . These so-called herbivore-induced plant volatiles (=HIPV) are produced by the plant after herbivore attack. However, in mid-1992 a sudden and permanent change in behavioural response to HIPV was recorded in our laboratory: adult female P. persimilis of our laboratorypopulation,subsequently designated non-responding (=NR-) population , showed a lower degree of attraction to HIPV than adult females of other P. persimilis populations designated responding (=R-) populations.<o:p></o:p>Moreover, adult female predators of the NR-population show a characteristic set of symptoms, subsequently designated non-responding (=NR-) syndrome . Predators shrink aftermating,cease oviposition immediately after shrinkage and die several days later. Other characteristics of the syndrome are a tendency to leave a prey patch with ample food, moving fast between places, ceasing predation altogether, having a low excretion rate and carrying excretory crystals in the legs. The NR-syndrome was induced in non-symptomatic adult female predators after exposure to symptomatic predators and faeces and debris released by such predators. Moreover, it was shown that bacteria present in faeces and debris play a role in this process. <o:p></o:p>Several bacterial species were isolated from symptomatic adult female predators, their faeces and debris. For one of these isolates the Koch's postulates were satisfied, which constitutes the final proof that the isolate in question is the causative agent of the novel disease. The isolate represents a new bacterial species in a new bacterial genus, described as… Advisors/Committee Members: Wageningen University, Marcel Dicke, Joop van Lenteren.

Subjects/Keywords: phytoseiulus persimilis; organismen ingezet bij biologische bestrijding; dierziekten; bacterieziekten; ziekteoverdracht; Biologische bestrijding van plagen; phytoseiulus persimilis; biological control agents; animal diseases; bacterial diseases; disease transmission; Biological Control of Pests

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Schütte, C. (2006). A novel bacterial disease of the predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis: disease syndrome, disease transmission and pathogen isolation. (Doctoral Dissertation). NARCIS. Retrieved from http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/348532 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-348532 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-348532 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/348532

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Schütte, C. “A novel bacterial disease of the predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis: disease syndrome, disease transmission and pathogen isolation.” 2006. Doctoral Dissertation, NARCIS. Accessed December 10, 2019. http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/348532 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-348532 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-348532 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/348532.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Schütte, C. “A novel bacterial disease of the predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis: disease syndrome, disease transmission and pathogen isolation.” 2006. Web. 10 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Schütte C. A novel bacterial disease of the predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis: disease syndrome, disease transmission and pathogen isolation. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. NARCIS; 2006. [cited 2019 Dec 10]. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/348532 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-348532 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-348532 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/348532.

Council of Science Editors:

Schütte C. A novel bacterial disease of the predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis: disease syndrome, disease transmission and pathogen isolation. [Doctoral Dissertation]. NARCIS; 2006. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/348532 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-348532 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-348532 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/348532

10. Scholte, E.J. The entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae for mosquito control. Impact on the adult stage of the African malaria vector Anopheles gambiae and filariasis vector Culex quinquefasciatus.

Degree: 2004, NARCIS

URL: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/334851 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-334851 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-334851 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/334851

► Insect-pathogenie fungi for mosquito control (Chapters 1-3)Malaria and lymphatic tilariasis impose serious human health burdens in the tropics. Up to 500 million cases of malaria… (more)

▼ Insect-pathogenie fungi for mosquito control (Chapters 1-3)Malaria and lymphatic tilariasis impose serious human health burdens in the tropics. Up to 500 million cases of malaria are reported annually, resulting in an estimated 1.5-2.7million deaths, of which 90% occur in sub-Saharan Africa. Malaria is caused by protozoa of the genus Plasmodium and is transmitted through bites of mosquitoes belonging to the genus Anopheles. Lymphatic filariasis is caused by helminths, the most widespread species being Wuchereria bancrofti, and is transmitted through bites of mainly Culex quinquefasciatus and certain Anopheles species. Worldwide, approximately 146 million people are infected with the disease.<O:P></O:P>Mosquito vector control is an important way to tight these diseases. In Africa, vector control is almost exclusively based on chemical insecticides, used predominantly to impregnate bed nets and for indoor residual spraying. Growing concerns about their negative impact on human health, on the environment, and about insecticide resistance are the reasons for increasing interests in vector control methods that are not based on chemicais, such as biological contro!.veral biological control agents are known to be effective against mosquitoes such as predatory tish (e.g. Gambusia ajfinis and Poecilia reticulata), nematodes (e.g. Romanomermis culicivorax), microsporidia (e.g. Nosema algerae), bacteria (e.g. Bacil/us thuringiensis israelensis and B. sphaericus), and insect- pathogenie fungi (e.g. Lagenidium, Coelomomyces and Culicinomyces).All of these, however, target the larval stages of mosquitoes. To date, there is no biological control agent for use against the adult stage of mosquitoes. However, reduction in survival of adult mosquitoes is considered to have a much higher impact on transmission than a reduction in the number of mosquito larvae. The objective of this PhD thesis was therefore to search for a biological control agent for adult mosquitoes, and to develop a method to use such an agent in integrated vector management (IVM) in Africa. The primary targets for this research were the major malaria vector Anopheles gambiae s.l., and, to alesser degree, the lymphatic tilariasis vector Culex quinquefasciatus.<O:P></O:P> In Chapter 2 the most important insect-pathogenic fungi for (mostly) larval mosquito control are reviewed. Of these, the Hyphomycetes possess a characteristic that gives them a major advantage over other biocontrol agents to be used for killing adult mosquitoes: Unlike with bacteria, nematodes or microsporidia, the infectious propagules of these fungi do not need to be ingested. Instead, contact with the cuticle is enough for the infective propagules (conidia) to infect the mosquito. A conidium penetrates the insect cuticle by secreting cuticledegrading enzymes. Once inside, the fungus grows rapidly and secretes toxins, which kill the mosquito. Depending on temperature, fungal dosage, and susceptibility of the mosquito to the fungus, the process from inoculation to host death may take… Advisors/Committee Members: Wageningen University, Joop van Lenteren, Willem Takken, B.G.J. Knols.

Subjects/Keywords: culicidae; anopheles gambiae; culex quinquefasciatus; biologische bestrijding; metarhizium anisopliae; entomopathogene schimmels; Medische entomologie; Biologische bestrijding van plagen; anopheles gambiae; culex quinquefasciatus; culicidae; biological control; metarhizium anisopliae; entomogenous fungi; Medical Entomology; Biological Control of Pests

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Scholte, E. J. (2004). The entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae for mosquito control. Impact on the adult stage of the African malaria vector Anopheles gambiae and filariasis vector Culex quinquefasciatus. (Doctoral Dissertation). NARCIS. Retrieved from http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/334851 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-334851 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-334851 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/334851

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Scholte, E J. “The entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae for mosquito control. Impact on the adult stage of the African malaria vector Anopheles gambiae and filariasis vector Culex quinquefasciatus.” 2004. Doctoral Dissertation, NARCIS. Accessed December 10, 2019. http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/334851 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-334851 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-334851 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/334851.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Scholte, E J. “The entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae for mosquito control. Impact on the adult stage of the African malaria vector Anopheles gambiae and filariasis vector Culex quinquefasciatus.” 2004. Web. 10 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Scholte EJ. The entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae for mosquito control. Impact on the adult stage of the African malaria vector Anopheles gambiae and filariasis vector Culex quinquefasciatus. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. NARCIS; 2004. [cited 2019 Dec 10]. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/334851 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-334851 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-334851 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/334851.

Council of Science Editors:

Scholte EJ. The entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae for mosquito control. Impact on the adult stage of the African malaria vector Anopheles gambiae and filariasis vector Culex quinquefasciatus. [Doctoral Dissertation]. NARCIS; 2004. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/334851 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-334851 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-334851 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/334851

11. Loomans, A.J.M. Parasitoids as biological control agents of thrips pests.

Degree: 2003, NARCIS

URL: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/321639 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-321639 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-321639 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/321639

► Keywords: Thysanoptera, Frankliniella occidentalis, Hymenoptera, Ceranisus menes, Ceranisus americensis, biological control The thesis presented here is the result of a joint European Research project… (more)

▼ Keywords: Thysanoptera, Frankliniella occidentalis, Hymenoptera, Ceranisus menes, Ceranisus americensis, biological control The thesis presented here is the result of a joint European Research project "Biological Control of Thrips Pests". Specific aims of the project were to collect, evaluate, mass produce and commercially apply natural enemies of thrips species. To evaluate natural enemies we applied specified selection criteria, which had proven its value in previous pre-introduction selection of natural enemies of several other greenhouse pests. In my part of the evaluation programme, I studied what prospects hymenopterous parasitoids might have as biological control agents of thrips, in particular the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande). First ( Chapter 1 ) I summarised available information on the thrips pests which currently play a key role in protected cultivation in Europe. In particular I looked into F. occidentalis, Thrips tabaci Lindeman and two other species that I studied: Frankliniella schultzei Trybom and Frankliniella intonsa (Trybom) and reviewed their geographical distribution, economic impact, followed by additional information on thrips biology, ecology and ways of control. Then the state of the art is discussed of the most important groups of natural enemies that are currently evaluated and/or applied as biological control agents: predatory mites, pirate bugs, entomopathogenic fungi and entomophilic nematodes. Specific emphasis is put on the current status of hymenopterous parasitoids attacking thrips, their biology, ecology and life-history and the prospects they might have for thrips control in European greenhouses. Finally, I present the aim of my research project and the outline of this thesis. When the research project started, no parasitoid of western flower thrips was known. In our search for parasitoid candidates, presented in Chapter 2 , a sampling programme was developed, surveying F. occidentalis populations in its original area of distribution (USA) and newly invaded areas (South of Europe). Parasitoids of closely related thrips species, distributed worldwide, preferably from areas with climatically conditions similar to northwest European glasshouses were collected as well . Based on the host and geographic distribution records in the literature, mainly species were collected within the genus Ceranisus (Walker), solitary larval endoparasitoids of thrips species closely related to F. occidentalis. Our collection efforts resulted in a number of parasitoid species and various geographical strains, the most important being Ceranisus menes (Walker) and Ceranisus americensis (Girault) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). Both are solitary koinobiont endoparasitoids of thrips larvae that reproduce asexually. A critical phase in any evaluation programme, is the development of an adequate and reliable rearing procedure, allowing a… Advisors/Committee Members: Wageningen University, Joop van Lenteren.

Subjects/Keywords: insectenplagen; thysanoptera; organismen ingezet bij biologische bestrijding; frankliniella occidentalis; eulophidae; hymenoptera; parasitoïden; Biologische bestrijding van plagen; insect pests; frankliniella occidentalis; parasitoids; thysanoptera; eulophidae; hymenoptera; biological control agents; Biological Control of Pests

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Loomans, A. J. M. (2003). Parasitoids as biological control agents of thrips pests. (Doctoral Dissertation). NARCIS. Retrieved from http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/321639 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-321639 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-321639 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/321639

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Loomans, A J M. “Parasitoids as biological control agents of thrips pests.” 2003. Doctoral Dissertation, NARCIS. Accessed December 10, 2019. http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/321639 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-321639 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-321639 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/321639.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Loomans, A J M. “Parasitoids as biological control agents of thrips pests.” 2003. Web. 10 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Loomans AJM. Parasitoids as biological control agents of thrips pests. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. NARCIS; 2003. [cited 2019 Dec 10]. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/321639 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-321639 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-321639 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/321639.

Council of Science Editors:

Loomans AJM. Parasitoids as biological control agents of thrips pests. [Doctoral Dissertation]. NARCIS; 2003. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/321639 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-321639 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-321639 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/321639

12. Westerman, P.R. Biological control of Otiorhynchus sulcatus by insect parasitic nematodes, Heterorhabditis spp., at low temperatures : a systems analytical approach.

Degree: 1997, Agricultural University

URL: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/38379 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-38379 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-38379 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/38379

► The black vine weevil, Otiorhynchus sulcatus, is an important pest in ornamentals and nursery stock in The Netherlands. The larvae, which feed on the… (more)

▼ The black vine weevil, Otiorhynchus sulcatus, is an important pest in ornamentals and nursery stock in The Netherlands. The larvae, which feed on the root system of the plant, can be controlled by insect parasitic nematodes, Heterorhabditis. However, the presently available isolates of the nematode are ineffective at temperatures below 12-13°C, causing problems in black vine weevil control in open cultures. In this study, options to improve control by Heterorhabditis are explored, using a systems analytical approach. First, the nematode behavioural processes involved in host finding and control were studied and characterized. These processes are nematode movement, immobilization and remobilization near the soil surface, accumulation near an attractive insect (arrestment), penetration and aggregation of nematodes among insect hosts. The influence of temperature (9 and 20°C) and host species ( O . sulcatus or the more attractive and susceptible Galleria mellonella) on nematode behaviour was assessed to determine the contribution of these factors to control success. Knowledge of behavioural processes was integrated into a systems simulation model that relates the control success to the underlying behavioural processes. The model simulates movement of nematodes in space and time from the moment of application on a sand column until penetration into a host. The model for O . sulcatus at 9°C was most sensitive to changes in the parameters characterizing aggregation and arrestment. Parameters characterizing penetration, the proportion infectious nematodes and the relative penetration rate, had a moderate effect on model outcome. Options for improvement were evaluated by relating the sensitivity of the model to genetic and phenotypic variation found in the nematodes. The amount of variation was assessed by comparing behavioural traits between and within Heterorhabditis isolates. Aggregation and arrestment are host related and there is little variation in Heterorhabditis for these traits. There is phenotypic variation in the proportion infectious nematodes. The most promising option to enhance control of O . sulcatus by Heterorhabditis at low temperatures is, therefore, to improve production and storage conditions to increase and stabilize the proportion infectious nematodes. Advisors/Committee Members: A.F. van der Wal, R. Rabbinge, W. van der Werf.

Subjects/Keywords: biologische bestrijding; ongewervelde dieren; nuttige organismen; insecten; plantenplagen; curculionidae; nematoda; otiorhynchus sulcatus; Biologische bestrijding van plagen; Dierparasitaire nematoden; biological control; invertebrates; beneficial organisms; insects; plant pests; curculionidae; nematoda; otiorhynchus sulcatus; Biological Control of Pests; Animal Parasitic Nematodes

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Westerman, P. R. (1997). Biological control of Otiorhynchus sulcatus by insect parasitic nematodes, Heterorhabditis spp., at low temperatures : a systems analytical approach. (Doctoral Dissertation). Agricultural University. Retrieved from http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/38379 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-38379 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-38379 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/38379

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Westerman, P R. “Biological control of Otiorhynchus sulcatus by insect parasitic nematodes, Heterorhabditis spp., at low temperatures : a systems analytical approach.” 1997. Doctoral Dissertation, Agricultural University. Accessed December 10, 2019. http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/38379 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-38379 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-38379 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/38379.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Westerman, P R. “Biological control of Otiorhynchus sulcatus by insect parasitic nematodes, Heterorhabditis spp., at low temperatures : a systems analytical approach.” 1997. Web. 10 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Westerman PR. Biological control of Otiorhynchus sulcatus by insect parasitic nematodes, Heterorhabditis spp., at low temperatures : a systems analytical approach. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Agricultural University; 1997. [cited 2019 Dec 10]. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/38379 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-38379 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-38379 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/38379.

Council of Science Editors:

Westerman PR. Biological control of Otiorhynchus sulcatus by insect parasitic nematodes, Heterorhabditis spp., at low temperatures : a systems analytical approach. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Agricultural University; 1997. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/38379 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-38379 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-38379 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/38379

13. Roermund, van, H.J.W. Understanding biological control of greenhouse whitefly with the parasitoid Encarsia formosa : from individual behaviour to population dynamics.

Degree: 1995, Agricultural University

URL: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/32071 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-32071 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-32071 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/32071

► The greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (Homoptera, Aleyrodidae), is a very common, highly polyphagous pest insect all over the world. Biological control of whiteflies with… (more)

▼ The greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (Homoptera, Aleyrodidae), is a very common, highly polyphagous pest insect all over the world. Biological control of whiteflies with the parasitoid Encarsia formosa Gahan (Hymenoptera, Aphelinidae) was already applied in the 1920s in England, Australia, New Zealand and Canada. The use of the parasitoid was discontinued in the fourties and fifties when chemical pesticides were used extensively. In the seventies, when the first problems with pesticide resistance occurred in Western Europe, interest in using the parasitoid increased again. A reliable introduction scheme of the parasitoid was found by a 'trial and error' approach: natural enemies were released at different times and in different numbers, and their level of control was examined. In 20 of the 35 countries with a greenhouse industry, the parasitoid is used on about 5000 ha. Biological control with E. formosa is now used commercially in 90% of the tomato growing areas in the Netherlands. On several other important greenhouse crops such as cucumber and gerbera, biological control of whitefly is not so successful. This study aims at integrating existing knowledge on the major processes known to affect the whitefly-parasitoid interaction in a crop by means of an explanatory simulation model. The goal is to obtain quantitative understanding of the tritrophic system cropgreenhouse whitefly- E. formosa to explain failure or success of biological control. With the model we are able to (1) explain the ability of E. formosa to reduce whitefly populations in greenhouses on crops like tomato, (2) improve introduction schemes of parasitoids for crops where control is more difficult to obtain and (3) predict effects of changes in cropping practices (e.g. greenhouse climate, choice of cultivars) on the reliability of biological control. Direct observation experiments on foraging of E. Formosa. When the present research project started, the behaviour of E. formosa had been observed in various experiments. These experiments resulted in the following picture. E. formosa is a solitary larval parasitoid: females lay one egg per host during an oviposition. Like in other synovigenic parasitoids new eggs mature when the egg load of the parasitoid drops below the storage capacity, which is 8-10 mature eggs for E. formosa. About ten days after oviposition the immature parasitoid pupates in the host pupa, which (in case of greenhouse whitefly) then turns black and parasitism can easily be seen from the outward appearance of the whitefly. Female parasitoids produce daughters parthenogenetically. Males are rarely observed. The parasitoid searches for the sessile whitefly immatures by flying or hopping from leaf(let) to leaf(let) without distinguishing between infested and clean plants or leaves before landing. Once on the leaf she starts walking and drumming the leaf with her antennae. Hosts are encountered randomly and the walking pattern is not changed after an encounter with a host. After an encounter, four behaviours on… Advisors/Committee Members: J.C. van Lenteren, R. Rabbinge.

Subjects/Keywords: insecten; plantenplagen; aleyrodidae; biologische bestrijding; nuttige insecten; chalcididae; eulophidae; trichogrammatidae; trialeurodes vaporariorum; Biologische bestrijding van plagen; insects; plant pests; aleyrodidae; biological control; beneficial insects; chalcididae; eulophidae; trichogrammatidae; trialeurodes vaporariorum; Biological Control of Pests

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Roermund, van, H. J. W. (1995). Understanding biological control of greenhouse whitefly with the parasitoid Encarsia formosa : from individual behaviour to population dynamics. (Doctoral Dissertation). Agricultural University. Retrieved from http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/32071 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-32071 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-32071 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/32071

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Roermund, van, H J W. “Understanding biological control of greenhouse whitefly with the parasitoid Encarsia formosa : from individual behaviour to population dynamics.” 1995. Doctoral Dissertation, Agricultural University. Accessed December 10, 2019. http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/32071 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-32071 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-32071 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/32071.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Roermund, van, H J W. “Understanding biological control of greenhouse whitefly with the parasitoid Encarsia formosa : from individual behaviour to population dynamics.” 1995. Web. 10 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Roermund, van HJW. Understanding biological control of greenhouse whitefly with the parasitoid Encarsia formosa : from individual behaviour to population dynamics. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Agricultural University; 1995. [cited 2019 Dec 10]. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/32071 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-32071 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-32071 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/32071.

Council of Science Editors:

Roermund, van HJW. Understanding biological control of greenhouse whitefly with the parasitoid Encarsia formosa : from individual behaviour to population dynamics. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Agricultural University; 1995. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/32071 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-32071 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-32071 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/32071

14. Steenis, van, M. Evaluation and application of parasitoids for biological control of Aphis gossypii in glasshouse cucumber crops.

Degree: 1995, Agricultural University

URL: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/29446 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-29446 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-29446 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/29446

► Introduction Aphids are an important problem in glasshouse vegetables. Already at low aphid densities fruits can get contaminated with honeydew, which decreases the economical value… (more)

▼ Introduction Aphids are an important problem in glasshouse vegetables. Already at low aphid densities fruits can get contaminated with honeydew, which decreases the economical value of the fruits. When aphids feed on the growing tips of the plants, the new shoots can get heavily distorted and plant growth is reduced. At the time this project was started integrated aphid control in cucumber and sweet pepper crops consisted of introduction of the parasitoid Aphidius matricariae Haliday (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and the predatory gall midge Aphidoletes aphidimyza Rondani (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). Integrated control of Myzus persicae Sulzer (Homoptera: Aphididae) in sweet pepper was effective, but A. gossypii was little affected by the introduced parasitoids. Additional control with the selective aphicide pirimicarb was also not possible since cotton aphid has developed resistance against this chemical. Aphid control with non-selective insecticides inhibits the use of biological control of other pests (like thrips and whitefly) in the glasshouse, which is applied on a large scale in the Netherlands. To be able to keep using biological control of other pests it is, therefore, necessary to develop an effective biological control programme for cotton aphid as well. In Chapter 1 the biology of cotton aphid and its most important natural enemies is described. This literature review showed that detailed data on the biology of A. gossypii were scarce. Therefore, the first experiments consisted of detailed research on the biology of cotton aphid. Research to develop biological control of A. gossypii can be divided into two main lines. First of all a selection of (a) potential candidate(s) for the control of A. gossypii has to be made. Many natural enemies of aphids are known, ranging from monophagous to polyphagous species. The natural enemies can be divided into three groups: pathogens (mainly parasitic fungi), predators (like ladybeetles, lacewings and hoverflies) and parasitoids. Based on several criteria, a literature survey indicated that parasitoids seemed most promising. Insect pathogens need very high humidities for successful germination and sporulation. These humidities are difficult to maintain in glasshouses for sufficiently long periods and can cause plant diseases. Predators have lower population growth rates than parasitoids and will, therefore, not be able to react to increasing aphid densities as quickly as parasitoids. Additionally, predator larvae need many aphids for successful development which might give problems during periods of low aphid density. Finally, predators are more expensive to culture (with the exception of A. aphidimyza ), because of the cannibalistic habits of the larvae. Parasitoid populations can multiply rapidly because of a short development time, and parasitoids need only one aphid for successful development. Based on the high reproductive capacity and the possibility of rearing parasitoids… Advisors/Committee Members: J.C. van Lenteren.

Subjects/Keywords: biologische bestrijding; insecten; nuttige insecten; cucumis sativus; komkommers; plantenplagen; aphididae; parasitoïden; hymenoptera; Biologische bestrijding van plagen; biological control; insects; beneficial insects; cucumis sativus; cucumbers; plant pests; aphididae; parasitoids; hymenoptera; Biological Control of Pests

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Steenis, van, M. (1995). Evaluation and application of parasitoids for biological control of Aphis gossypii in glasshouse cucumber crops. (Doctoral Dissertation). Agricultural University. Retrieved from http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/29446 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-29446 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-29446 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/29446

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Steenis, van, M. “Evaluation and application of parasitoids for biological control of Aphis gossypii in glasshouse cucumber crops.” 1995. Doctoral Dissertation, Agricultural University. Accessed December 10, 2019. http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/29446 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-29446 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-29446 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/29446.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Steenis, van, M. “Evaluation and application of parasitoids for biological control of Aphis gossypii in glasshouse cucumber crops.” 1995. Web. 10 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Steenis, van M. Evaluation and application of parasitoids for biological control of Aphis gossypii in glasshouse cucumber crops. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Agricultural University; 1995. [cited 2019 Dec 10]. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/29446 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-29446 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-29446 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/29446.

Council of Science Editors:

Steenis, van M. Evaluation and application of parasitoids for biological control of Aphis gossypii in glasshouse cucumber crops. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Agricultural University; 1995. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/29446 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-29446 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-29446 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/29446

15. Rabbinge, R. Biological control of fruit-tree red spider mite.

Degree: 1976, Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen

URL: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/70081 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-70081 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-70081 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/70081

► During the last decade, integrated pest control systems have been developed for several crops. One of the main fields of research in integrated control has… (more)

▼ During the last decade, integrated pest control systems have been developed for several crops. One of the main fields of research in integrated control has been the control of orchard pests. Experience with modified spraying programmes in apple orchards, the increasing resistance of spider mites to acaricides, and knowledge on the bionomics of many pest species have been major factors in promoting the development of integrated pest control systems. Attempts were made to introduce predatory mites or to improve their effectiveness in the control of the fruit-tree red spider mite, one of the major pests in commercial fruit orchards. These experiments clearly showed how these natural enemies can reduce and maintain spider mite populations below the economic threshold level. At present predacious mites are widely applied in the control of spider mites in apple orchards. However, the resulting changes in the system have still not been quantitatively assessed, and it is only speculation to explain the mode of operation of the system if there is no information about the underlying ecological processes. For a stable pest control system one must know how spider mite and predacious mite populations interact with each other and with the host plant, and how the system is influenced by abiotic factors (temperature, relative air humidity, wind and rain) and by cultivation methods (including the use of fertilizers as well as insecticides and fungicides). In several countries with a developed agriculture, research has therefore been started to monitor the effect of predators on pest populations.This study presents basic models for the fruit-tree red spider mite (Panonychus ulmi) and the native predacious mite, Amblyseius potentillae. The models are constructed according to the state variable approach, as is described in Chapter 3. The models developed with this technique bridge the gap between biological control with predacious mites in the field and the analytical methods of natural sciences, thus assisting in the introduction and management of biological control agents of the fruit-tree red spider mite.The simulation models are based on extensive knowledge of the effect of temperature, humidity, food and daylength on the prey as well as the predator. The relations between rates of development, mortality, oviposition and diapause with temperature and other physical factors were determined from literature studies, estimation and many laboratory experiments, Chapter 5. Many of the temperature responses of rates proved to be linear and reacted momentaneously to temperature fluctuations.The predator-prey interaction (between predacious mite and fruit-tree red spider mite) in these models, which closely approximates the field situation, is based on a detailed analysis of the predation process. This predator-prey interaction is very complex. Five developmental stages of the prey (larva, protonymph, deutonymph, adult male and female), and four developmental stages of the predator (protonymph, deutonymph,… Advisors/Committee Members: C.T. de Wit, J. de Wilde.

Subjects/Keywords: trombidiidae; tetranychus urticae; bryobia; plantenplagen; gewasbescherming; biologische bestrijding; appels; malus; Biologische bestrijding van plagen; Landbouwkundige acarologie; trombidiidae; tetranychus urticae; bryobia; plant pests; plant protection; biological control; apples; malus; Biological Control of Pests; Agricultural Acarology

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Rabbinge, R. (1976). Biological control of fruit-tree red spider mite. (Doctoral Dissertation). Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen. Retrieved from http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/70081 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-70081 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-70081 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/70081

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Rabbinge, R. “Biological control of fruit-tree red spider mite.” 1976. Doctoral Dissertation, Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen. Accessed December 10, 2019. http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/70081 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-70081 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-70081 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/70081.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Rabbinge, R. “Biological control of fruit-tree red spider mite.” 1976. Web. 10 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Rabbinge R. Biological control of fruit-tree red spider mite. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen; 1976. [cited 2019 Dec 10]. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/70081 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-70081 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-70081 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/70081.

Council of Science Editors:

Rabbinge R. Biological control of fruit-tree red spider mite. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen; 1976. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/70081 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-70081 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-70081 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/70081

16. Raak-van den Berg, C.L. Harmonia axyridis: how to explain its invasion success in Europe.

Degree: 2014, Wageningen University

URL: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/457360 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-457360 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-457360 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/457360

► Abstract of the thesis entitled “Harmonia axyridis: how to explain its invasion success in Europe” After introduction as biological control agent of aphids, the… (more)

▼ Abstract of the thesis entitled “Harmonia axyridis: how to explain its invasion success in Europe” After introduction as biological control agent of aphids, the multicoloured Asian ladybird Harmonia axyridis has established and spread in Europe. Harmonia axyridis is now regarded as an invasive species because its establishment had negative effects on non-target species, fruit production, and human health. Life history characteristics were studied in order to find an explanation for its invasion success. With a meta-analysis I showed that life-history traits of H. axyridis differed between Asian and invasive populations of H. axyridis. However, the greatest differences in development rate were observed at temperatures above 24°C, while at temperatures characteristic for spring and summer in northwestern Europe (17 to 24°C) invasive populations of H. axyridis do not differ from native Asian populations; thus, the invasive success cannot be attributed to a change in life history characteristics of the invasive population. Compared to native species European ladybirds (Adalia bipunctata, Coccinella septempunctata, and Propylea quatuordecimpunctata), H. axyridis develops slower and starts reproduction later, suggesting no competitive advantage for the invader. Additionally, life history characteristics were studied under field conditions. I showed that in northwestern Europe H. axyridis has a period of real diapause starting at the end of October and shifts to a quiescent state in December. This diapause is relatively short and weak compared with published data of native ladybirds. Moreover, it appears to have become shorter over the last decade. Thus, H. axyridis can become active rapidly when temperature rises in spring, but, nevertheless, it is not reported to be active earlier in the year than native species. Overwintering survival of H. axyridis in the Netherlands is between 71 and 88%. At five sample sites I found that ladybirds that were hibernating at the southwestern sides of buildings, where most aggregations of ladybirds were found, had a higher winter survival than ladybirds hibernating at other orientations. At sheltered sites survival was higher compared to exposed sites. A high overwintering survival results in a large post-hibernation population and a rapid population build-up in spring. Compared with most common native species, winter survival of H. axyridis is similar or higher. In this research, i.e. under semi-field conditions, immature survival of H. axyridis and A. bipunctata reached high levels, but survival was generally considerably higher for H. axyridis than for the native A. bipunctata. Under semi-field conditions with high food availability, no effect of the presence of H. axyridis on the survival, development, weight, and size of the native species A. bipunctata was found.… Advisors/Committee Members: Wageningen University, Joop van Lenteren, Peter de Jong, Lia Hemerik.

Subjects/Keywords: harmonia axyridis; organismen ingezet bij biologische bestrijding; geïntroduceerde soorten; invasieve exoten; predatie; voedingsgedrag; nederland; Biologische bestrijding van plagen; harmonia axyridis; biological control agents; introduced species; invasive alien species; predation; feeding behaviour; netherlands; Biological Control of Pests

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Raak-van den Berg, C. L. (2014). Harmonia axyridis: how to explain its invasion success in Europe. (Doctoral Dissertation). Wageningen University. Retrieved from http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/457360 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-457360 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-457360 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/457360

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Raak-van den Berg, C L. “Harmonia axyridis: how to explain its invasion success in Europe.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, Wageningen University. Accessed December 10, 2019. http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/457360 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-457360 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-457360 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/457360.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Raak-van den Berg, C L. “Harmonia axyridis: how to explain its invasion success in Europe.” 2014. Web. 10 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Raak-van den Berg CL. Harmonia axyridis: how to explain its invasion success in Europe. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Wageningen University; 2014. [cited 2019 Dec 10]. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/457360 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-457360 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-457360 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/457360.

Council of Science Editors:

Raak-van den Berg CL. Harmonia axyridis: how to explain its invasion success in Europe. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Wageningen University; 2014. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/457360 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-457360 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-457360 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/457360

17. Krips, O.E. Plant effects on biological control of spider mites in the ornamental crop gerbera.

Degree: 2000, Agricultural University

URL: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/65238 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-65238 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-65238 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/65238

► Introduction The spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch is an important pest in many greenhouse crops. In vegetables it can be successfully controlled with the… (more)

▼ Introduction The spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch is an important pest in many greenhouse crops. In vegetables it can be successfully controlled with the predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot, a specialist predator of spider mites (Helle & Sabelis, 1985). However, on ornamental crops where aesthetic damage is not tolerated, biological control is more difficult. Pest control on ornamentals mainly relies on the use of pesticides (van de Vrie, 1985). In the ornamental crop gerbera, Gerbera jamesonii Bolus, biological control stands a better chance, since gerbera cutflowers are sold without leaves. The leaves stay behind on the plants in the greenhouse, when flowers are harvested. Therefore, zero tolerance for aesthetic damage does apply for gerbera cutflowers but not for the leaves (van de Vrie, 1985). In gerbera, spider mites usually only damage leaves and do not feed on flowers. The spider mites only migrate to the flowers when the leaves become overexploitated. Gerbera growers will interfere with control methods long before overexploitation takes place. If they apply biological control, there will be some damage by spider mites on the plant leaves. But spider mite damage on the leaves can be accepted, as long as it does not lead to an intolerable lower flower production by the plants. Therefore, biological control may be a suitable method to control spider mites in gerbera. Many cultivars of gerbera are commercially available. At present these cultivars are mainly selected for the colour and shape of the flowers. However, the cultivars also differ in several plant characteristics that have not been selected for, such as leaf shape and density of trichomes on the undersurface of the leaves (Sütterlin and van Lenteren, 1997; Krips et al. , 1999a). Earlier studies showed that the success of natural enemies in biological control can be influenced strongly by characteristics of the host plant (Bergman and Tingey, 1979, Boethel and Eikenbary, 1986;van Lenteren and de Ponti, 1990; Hare, 1992; Walter, 1996). If gerbera cultivars differ in such characteristics, biological control may not be equally successful on all cultivars. The objective of this PhD study was to investigate which differences between gerbera cultivars result in differences in the success of biological control of T. urticae with the predatory mite P. persimilis. We have focussed on the following three host plant characteristics: <OL><LI>Host plant resistance to T. urticae<LI>Density of leaf hairs on the under surface of leaves<LI>Production of volatiles by leaves with spider mite damage</OL> We determined to which extent gerbera cultivars differ in each of these characteristics. In addition, we assessed the effect of these characteristics on certain aspects of the interaction between spider mites and their predators on gerbera. 1. Host plant resistance to T. urticae The intrinsic rate… Advisors/Committee Members: M. Dicke, M.W. Sabelis, J.C. van Lenteren.

Subjects/Keywords: gerbera jamesonii; tetranychus urticae; mijten; plantenplagen; biologische bestrijding; phytoseiulus persimilis; organismen ingezet bij biologische bestrijding; plaagresistentie; resistentie van variëteiten; planteffecten; Biologische bestrijding van plagen; Landbouwkundige acarologie; gerbera jamesonii; tetranychus urticae; mites; plant pests; biological control; phytoseiulus persimilis; biological control agents; pest resistance; varietal resistance; plant effects; Biological Control of Pests; Agricultural Acarology

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Krips, O. E. (2000). Plant effects on biological control of spider mites in the ornamental crop gerbera. (Doctoral Dissertation). Agricultural University. Retrieved from http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/65238 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-65238 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-65238 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/65238

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Krips, O E. “Plant effects on biological control of spider mites in the ornamental crop gerbera.” 2000. Doctoral Dissertation, Agricultural University. Accessed December 10, 2019. http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/65238 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-65238 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-65238 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/65238.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Krips, O E. “Plant effects on biological control of spider mites in the ornamental crop gerbera.” 2000. Web. 10 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Krips OE. Plant effects on biological control of spider mites in the ornamental crop gerbera. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Agricultural University; 2000. [cited 2019 Dec 10]. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/65238 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-65238 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-65238 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/65238.

Council of Science Editors:

Krips OE. Plant effects on biological control of spider mites in the ornamental crop gerbera. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Agricultural University; 2000. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/65238 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-65238 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-65238 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/65238

18. Martens, J. Development of a baculovirus insecticide exploiting the Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal crystal protein.

Degree: 1994, Agricultural University

URL: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/26305 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-26305 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-26305 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/26305

► Een belangrijk deel van de schade in land-, tuin- en bosbouw wordt veroorzaakt door vraat van insekten. Om deze schade te beperken zijn er… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: biologische bestrijding; virussen; organismen ingezet bij biologische bestrijding; bacteriën; insecten; plantenplagen; genetische modificatie; recombinant dna; Virussen van ongewervelden; Biologische bestrijding van plagen; biological control; viruses; biological control agents; bacteria; insects; plant pests; genetic engineering; recombinant dna; Viruses of Invertebrates; Biological Control of Pests

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Martens, J. (1994). Development of a baculovirus insecticide exploiting the Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal crystal protein. (Doctoral Dissertation). Agricultural University. Retrieved from http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/26305 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-26305 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-26305 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/26305

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Martens, J. “Development of a baculovirus insecticide exploiting the Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal crystal protein.” 1994. Doctoral Dissertation, Agricultural University. Accessed December 10, 2019. http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/26305 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-26305 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-26305 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/26305.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Martens, J. “Development of a baculovirus insecticide exploiting the Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal crystal protein.” 1994. Web. 10 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Martens J. Development of a baculovirus insecticide exploiting the Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal crystal protein. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Agricultural University; 1994. [cited 2019 Dec 10]. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/26305 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-26305 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-26305 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/26305.

Council of Science Editors:

Martens J. Development of a baculovirus insecticide exploiting the Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal crystal protein. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Agricultural University; 1994. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/26305 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-26305 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-26305 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/26305

19. Belder, den, E. Trapping of root-knot nematodes by the adhesive hyphae-forming fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora.

Degree: 1994, Agricultural University

URL: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/24957 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-24957 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-24957 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/24957

► The present study addresses the ecology of a particular isolate of Arthrobotrys oligospora (CBS 289.82) in relation to its efficacy in controlling the root-knot… (more)

▼ The present study addresses the ecology of a particular isolate of Arthrobotrys oligospora (CBS 289.82) in relation to its efficacy in controlling the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne hapla. This isolate was selected because it differs from most nematode-trapping fungi in that it captures nematodes with adhesive hyphae without having to form complex trapping devices. This characteristic may make it a very useful biological control agent. An attempt was made to gain insight into the factors controlling its capture ability. In vitro experiments demonstrated that the A. oligospora (CBS 289.82) isolate was very effective in capturing M.hapla and M. incognita, compared to the ability of other fungi with other trapping devices. Mobile juveniles were all caught by the hyphae within one hour and in some cases attachment occurred within the very first contact (chapter 2). Electron microscopic observations revealed that attachment of juveniles of Meloidogyne spp. to hyphae is mediated by a layer of extracellular material, about 0.1 gm thick, on the hyphae (chapter 3). Such a layer was never observed in hyphae of fungal cultures to which nematodes were not added, suggesting that its presence depends on an interaction of the fungus with the nematode. The attachment of Meloidogyne second-stage juveniles was not affected by temperatures between 5 and 3O°C. However, at 15°C ring structure development and growth of trophic hyphae were strongly hampered, which suggest that under prevailing soil temperatures in temperate regions, ring structure development and growth of trophic hyphae may proceed slowly whereas trapping would continue to occur (chapter 4). Furthermore, the nutritional conditions during growth of the fungus did not correlate with the rapidity of nematode-hypha attachment. The results also provide evidence that the trapping ability of the isolate tested continued for over more than 70 days (chapter 4). Arthrobotrys oligospora (CBS 289.82) covered dead, ruptured nematodes with a dense mycelium, whereas dead but otherwise intact nematodes were penetrated through the buccal cavity by a corkscrew-like structure and were subsequently colonized by trophic hyphae. Colonization of living second-stage juveniles by trophic hyphae following attachment and penetration was faster than colonization of dead second-stage juveniles. The addition of dead juveniles to a fungal colony prior to the addition of living juveniles did not affect attachment or the development of trophic hyphae through the live juveniles. However, one day after the addition of live juveniles, the proportion of live nematodes with ring structures was higher than when living and dead juveniles were added at the same time. The development of trophic hyphae in dead second-stage juveniles was delayed in the presence of live second-stage juveniles. The results refute the commonly held assumption that poor possibilities for saprophytic growth are a prerequisite for the… Advisors/Committee Members: L. Brussaard, J.W.D.M. Henfling.

Subjects/Keywords: biologische bestrijding; schimmels; organismen ingezet bij biologische bestrijding; plantenplagen; pratylenchus; heteroderidae; tylenchidae; deuteromycotina; meloidogyne hapla; moniliaceae; Schimmels van ongewervelden; Biologische bestrijding van plagen; biological control; fungi; biological control agents; plant pests; pratylenchus; heteroderidae; tylenchidae; deuteromycotina; meloidogyne hapla; moniliaceae; Fungi of Invertebrates; Biological Control of Pests

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Belder, den, E. (1994). Trapping of root-knot nematodes by the adhesive hyphae-forming fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora. (Doctoral Dissertation). Agricultural University. Retrieved from http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/24957 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-24957 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-24957 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/24957

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Belder, den, E. “Trapping of root-knot nematodes by the adhesive hyphae-forming fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora.” 1994. Doctoral Dissertation, Agricultural University. Accessed December 10, 2019. http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/24957 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-24957 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-24957 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/24957.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Belder, den, E. “Trapping of root-knot nematodes by the adhesive hyphae-forming fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora.” 1994. Web. 10 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Belder, den E. Trapping of root-knot nematodes by the adhesive hyphae-forming fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Agricultural University; 1994. [cited 2019 Dec 10]. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/24957 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-24957 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-24957 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/24957.

Council of Science Editors:

Belder, den E. Trapping of root-knot nematodes by the adhesive hyphae-forming fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Agricultural University; 1994. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/24957 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-24957 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-24957 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/24957

20. Almeida, de, R.P. Trichogramma and its relationship with Wolbachia: Identification of Trichogramma species, phylogeny, transfer and costs of Wolbachia symbionts.

Degree: 2004, NARCIS

URL: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/334816 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-334816 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-334816 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/334816

► Identification of Trichogramma individuals has long been very difficult. No reliable character was known for the identification of species in this genus, until the utility… (more)

▼ Identification of Trichogramma individuals has long been very difficult. No reliable character was known for the identification of species in this genus, until the utility of male genitalia was recognized in 1968, some 135 years after the first Trichogramma was described ( T.evanescens Westwood, 1833). However, the presence of completelyparthenogeneticlines in this species remained an identification problem because the no reliable female characters exist that allowed identification. The discovery of Wolbachiaas a cause for the complete parthenogenesis in this genus has allowed the identification of such thelytokouslines. Antibiotic treatment couldrevert Wolbachiainfectedthelytokousspecies to sexual ones, thus producing males and allowing their identification in the morphological system. However, the lack of morphological identification of Trichogramma females was only solved with the use of molecular techniques based on rDNAsequencing of the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region. Here, this technique was proved to be a reliable tool for the identification of T.cacoeciae , a thelytokousspecies where the parthenogenetic reproduction is not due to Wolbachia infection. In this thesis we report the first record of this species in Peru ( Chapter 2 ). This species is the only thelytokousTrichogramma known in which Wolbachia is not present. T. cacoeciaepresence in South America is discussed. Identification of seventeen native/introduced Trichogramma species using rDNAsequences was done. A molecular key based on restriction analysis allowed identification of the species through the size of the PCR product and the generation of the restriction patterns. Thelytoky in Trichogramma species caused by Wolbachia collected in Peru, Colombia and USA were reported ( Chapter 3 ).Phylogenetic analysis and comparison of DNA sequences of the Wolbachiawsp gene allowed for the recognition of new Wolbachia group "Ato" in the clade of Wolbachia that infect Trichogramma species. The construction ofWolbachia phylogenetic tree showed four distinct groups. The similarities in the Wolbachia sequences for the studied groups suggested the possibility of horizontal transmission between Trichogramma species ( Chapter 4 ). Natural inter- andintraspecifichorizontal transfer of PI Wolbachia between wasps of the genus Trichogramma was shown. Wolbachia infection in uninfected Trichogramma females was possible when infected and uninfected immature wasps shared the same host egg. On the whole, intraspecificinterspecifictransfer ( Chapter 5 ). In T.atopovirilia, Wolbachia infection did not lead to any negative effect on the walking activity, walking speed or other behaviour components studied ( Chapter 6 ).Finally, an overview of the most important outcomes and conclusions of this… Advisors/Committee Members: Wageningen University, Joop van Lenteren, R. Stouthamer.

Subjects/Keywords: trichogramma; identificatie; fylogenie; wolbachia; symbionten; horizontale ziekteoverdracht; thelytoky; Hymenoptera; Biologische bestrijding van plagen; trichogramma; identification; phylogeny; wolbachia; symbionts; horizontal transmission; thelytoky; Hymenoptera; Biological Control of Pests

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Almeida, de, R. P. (2004). Trichogramma and its relationship with Wolbachia: Identification of Trichogramma species, phylogeny, transfer and costs of Wolbachia symbionts. (Doctoral Dissertation). NARCIS. Retrieved from http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/334816 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-334816 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-334816 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/334816

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Almeida, de, R P. “Trichogramma and its relationship with Wolbachia: Identification of Trichogramma species, phylogeny, transfer and costs of Wolbachia symbionts.” 2004. Doctoral Dissertation, NARCIS. Accessed December 10, 2019. http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/334816 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-334816 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-334816 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/334816.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Almeida, de, R P. “Trichogramma and its relationship with Wolbachia: Identification of Trichogramma species, phylogeny, transfer and costs of Wolbachia symbionts.” 2004. Web. 10 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Almeida, de RP. Trichogramma and its relationship with Wolbachia: Identification of Trichogramma species, phylogeny, transfer and costs of Wolbachia symbionts. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. NARCIS; 2004. [cited 2019 Dec 10]. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/334816 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-334816 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-334816 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/334816.

Council of Science Editors:

Almeida, de RP. Trichogramma and its relationship with Wolbachia: Identification of Trichogramma species, phylogeny, transfer and costs of Wolbachia symbionts. [Doctoral Dissertation]. NARCIS; 2004. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/334816 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-334816 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-334816 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/334816

21. Bogya, S. Spiders (Araneae) as polyphagous natural enemies in orchards.

Degree: 1999, Agricultural University

URL: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/60608 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-60608 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-60608 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/60608

► Spiders (Araneae) occur in high abundance in all terrestrial ecosystems including agro-ecosystems. They are a very heterogeneous group of animals with different hunting tactics… (more)

▼ Spiders (Araneae) occur in high abundance in all terrestrial ecosystems including agro-ecosystems. They are a very heterogeneous group of animals with different hunting tactics and therefore they play very different ecological roles. At family level these tactics are rather similar thus properties and behaviour found in different species of one family can be seen as characteristic for the whole family. Especially in orchards little is known about their role and probably it is undervalued. Therefore a comprehensive review (based on about 500 articles) of spiders as natural enemies of pest species of different crops was made resulting in information about the expected prey spectrum at family level. A qualitative evaluation of pest-spider relationship was carried out for a whole range of agro-ecosystems and the results are transposed to spider groups inhabiting the orchard ecosystems. In a fundamental research project on integrated plant protection in orchards in Hungary (Apple Ecosystem Research) more than 2000 animal species were described for apple orchards. Until now the spiders were not studied in this project. The aim of this study is to describe the species richness and dominance order of spider communities inhabiting the canopy and the herbaceous-layer of apple and pear orchards in Hungary. Altogether 20283 individuals were collected belonging to 165 identifiable species. Considerable overlap has been observed between the spider fauna of apple and pear orchards. Special attention is paid to the differences in spider fauna of orchards situated in different growing regions, because this knowledge can contribute to improve regional IPM programs. The great differences indicated that the composition of spider communities is basically determined by geographical locations. Although both the pesticide treatments and the different prey densities can significantly influence the densities of spiders, their effects on the composition of spider communities is limited. The effect of conventional (based on broad-spectrum insecticides, e.g. OP's and pyrethroids) and integrated (based on selective chemicals, mainly IGR's) pest management systems on the canopy, herbaceous-layer and ground level inhabiting spider communities was investigated. The results lead to the conclusion that in case of applying integrated pest management there are possibilities to develop more complex spider communities. The negative effect of broad-spectrum compounds on spiders can be observed only on the canopy and to a lesser extent on the herbaceous-layer but not at the ground level. Regardless the pesticide treatments the composition of spider communities was similar. The age of the orchards can significantly influence the spider density in the canopy through the prey density. In young (more vigorous) orchards, where the size of the canopy was smaller and the density of the pear lace bug ( Stephanitis pyri ) higher, significantly more complex hunting spider communities were present than in the same treated old… Advisors/Committee Members: J.C. van Lenteren, P.J.M. Mols.

Subjects/Keywords: boomgaarden; araneae; natuurlijke vijanden; insectenplagen; acari; landbouwkundige entomologie; Biologische bestrijding van plagen; orchards; araneae; natural enemies; insect pests; acari; agricultural entomology; Biological Control of Pests

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Bogya, S. (1999). Spiders (Araneae) as polyphagous natural enemies in orchards. (Doctoral Dissertation). Agricultural University. Retrieved from http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/60608 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-60608 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-60608 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/60608

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Bogya, S. “Spiders (Araneae) as polyphagous natural enemies in orchards.” 1999. Doctoral Dissertation, Agricultural University. Accessed December 10, 2019. http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/60608 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-60608 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-60608 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/60608.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Bogya, S. “Spiders (Araneae) as polyphagous natural enemies in orchards.” 1999. Web. 10 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Bogya S. Spiders (Araneae) as polyphagous natural enemies in orchards. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Agricultural University; 1999. [cited 2019 Dec 10]. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/60608 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-60608 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-60608 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/60608.

Council of Science Editors:

Bogya S. Spiders (Araneae) as polyphagous natural enemies in orchards. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Agricultural University; 1999. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/60608 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-60608 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-60608 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/60608

22. Dijkstra, L.J. Optimal selection and exploitation of hosts in the parasitic wasp Colpoclypeus florus (Hym., Eulophidae).

Degree: 1986, Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen

URL: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/1481 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-1481 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-1481 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/1481

► This study deals with the question how an insect parasitoid can maximize its fitness through adaptation of its reproductive behaviour. It concentrates on the… (more)

▼ This study deals with the question how an insect parasitoid can maximize its fitness through adaptation of its reproductive behaviour. It concentrates on the behaviour of a parasitoid after it has encountered a host. Optimal exploitation of individual hosts is emphasized rather than a maximization of the number of parasitized hosts. In Chapter I the topic of optimization of behaviour is introduced in relation to the study of insect parasitoids. The choice of the experimental animals is explained and behavioural alternatives of the parasitoid are discussed. In this study the number of granddaughters is taken as a measure of fitness. The chalcidoid wasp Colpoclypeus florus (Hym., Eulophidae) is a gregarious ectoparasitoid of larvae of at least 32 species of leafrollers (Lep., Tortricidae; Table 2.1). Host plants are predominantly trees and shrubs. The parasitoid has a west palearctic distribution (Fig. 2.1) and is rare in natural or semi-natural habitats. However, C. florus can be found in abundance in intensively cultivated habitats. In the Netherlands they are found especially in apple orchards, during outbreaks of the summer fruit tortrix moth, Adoxophyes orana . Efforts to control A. orana with mass releases of the parasitoid had not been successful. However, the parasitoid is considered as promising by those working on integrated control and more biological information was required. In Chapter 2 the parasitization behaviour, development and phenology of the parasitoid is described. The experimental host ( A. orana ), general techniques and conditions are also described. Field experiments were carried out in an experimental apple orchard. Unlike many internal and external parasitoids, C. florus has the unusual habit of ovipositing beside instead of on or in the host. This offers the opportunity to manipulate the eggs and hosts separately. In addition, the number of hosts parasitized by an individual in the field is low, about 2-3 hosts per female, and the time taken to parasitize one host is long (average 13-28 h in the laboratory at 21 °C and about twice as long in the field, in summer). Thus, C. florus is particularly suitable for studies on how it optimizes exploitation of individual hosts. Three stages in the parasitization process were analysed in detail. (a) The first problem concerned the host size selection for oviposition (Chapter 3 and 4). It was hypothesized that only the most profitable hosts are selected for oviposition. Only the first of five larval instars of A. orana is rejected for oviposition by the parasitoid. In the laboratory, proportion of hosts accepted, clutch size, survival of pre-adults, proportion females and parasitization time increase with host weight (Tables 3.3 and 3.5). As a result the profitability of hosts (defined as the fitness gained per unit of time or per egg) is correlated with host acceptance, but the profitability threshold of host acceptance is low (Fig. 3.2). It was shown that this… Advisors/Committee Members: J.C. van Lenteren, K. Bakker.

Subjects/Keywords: chalcididae; eulophidae; gastheer parasiet relaties; parasitisme; trichogrammatidae; Hymenoptera; Biologische bestrijding van plagen; chalcididae; eulophidae; host parasite relationships; parasitism; trichogrammatidae; Hymenoptera; Biological Control of Pests

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Dijkstra, L. J. (1986). Optimal selection and exploitation of hosts in the parasitic wasp Colpoclypeus florus (Hym., Eulophidae). (Doctoral Dissertation). Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen. Retrieved from http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/1481 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-1481 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-1481 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/1481

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Dijkstra, L J. “Optimal selection and exploitation of hosts in the parasitic wasp Colpoclypeus florus (Hym., Eulophidae).” 1986. Doctoral Dissertation, Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen. Accessed December 10, 2019. http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/1481 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-1481 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-1481 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/1481.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Dijkstra, L J. “Optimal selection and exploitation of hosts in the parasitic wasp Colpoclypeus florus (Hym., Eulophidae).” 1986. Web. 10 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Dijkstra LJ. Optimal selection and exploitation of hosts in the parasitic wasp Colpoclypeus florus (Hym., Eulophidae). [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen; 1986. [cited 2019 Dec 10]. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/1481 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-1481 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-1481 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/1481.

Council of Science Editors:

Dijkstra LJ. Optimal selection and exploitation of hosts in the parasitic wasp Colpoclypeus florus (Hym., Eulophidae). [Doctoral Dissertation]. Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen; 1986. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/1481 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-1481 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-1481 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/1481

23. Sütterlin, S. Biological control of whitefly on Gerbera: success or failure? : tritrophic interactions between Gerbera jamesonii, Trialeurodes vaporariorum and Encarsia formosa.

Degree: 2000, Agricultural University

URL: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/66252 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-66252 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-66252 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/66252

► In this thesis fundamental and applied research is described that was initiated to develop biological control of whitefly with the parasitoid Encarsia formosa in… (more)

▼ In this thesis fundamental and applied research is described that was initiated to develop biological control of whitefly with the parasitoid Encarsia formosa in the ornamental Gerbera jamesonii Hook (Campanulales: Compositae). To test the hypothesis that host plant architecture of G. jamesonii results in a different whitefly distribution pattern when compared with vegetables such as tomato and cucumber, we started studying whitefly dispersal behaviour and the choice of oviposition and feeding sites of the greenhouse whitefly within a plant. The behaviour of the herbivore was compared on two cultivars of G. jamesonii , differing in hairiness. The dispersal process of whiteflies was directed to the centre of the plant. This leads to adult and egg aggregation on young leaves on the hairy as well as on the less-hairy cultivar. Three parameters (development time, mortality and fecundity) to measure performance of T. vaporariorum were investigated, to determine a possible link with preference for certain leaves or cultivars by whitefly adults. Development duration of immatures is the same on leaves of different ages. Mortality of whiteflies is much lower and fecundity is higher on young Gerbera leaves. The dispersal and aggregation of whitefly adults between plants was investigated next. Whitefly populations were strongly aggregated on Gerbera , which seems typical for this whitefly species. Travel distance and dispersal speed were similar on very different crops such as Gerbera and tomato. Leaf selection behaviour and the resulting distribution of greenhouse whitefly on Gerbera was similar to that on vegetables. The first hypothesis that differences in host plant architecture result in different whitefly distributions is, thus, rejected. The second hypothesis that plant characteristics such as shape and leaf hairiness of G. jamesonii negatively influence the searching behaviour of the parasitoid E. formosa was tested next. Trichome density of Gerbera cultivars appeared to influence the walking behaviour (walking speed, walking activity and straightness of walkng path) and searching efficiency of E. formosa only slightly. Gerbera leaves of all age classes were found and searched by the parasitoid. Number of landings was the same on infested and uninfested Gerbera leaves; parasitoids were observed more often on the abaxial side of the leaves, where hosts are found normally. The foraging behaviour of E. formosa on leaves of a range of Gerbera cultivars is comparable. The searching efficiency of E. formosa on Gerbera is as good as on the vegetable tomato, so also the second hypothesis that plant characteristics negatively influence the searching behaviour of Encarsia on Gerbera , is rejected. The third hypothesis that plant architecture and leaf characteristics of G. jamesonii lead to failure of whitefly… Advisors/Committee Members: J.C. van Lenteren, J.J. Fransen.

Subjects/Keywords: gerbera; insectenplagen; trialeurodes vaporariorum; biologische bestrijding; organismen ingezet bij biologische bestrijding; encarsia formosa; gastheer parasiet relaties; Biologische bestrijding van plagen; gerbera; insect pests; trialeurodes vaporariorum; biological control; biological control agents; encarsia formosa; host parasite relationships; Biological Control of Pests

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Sütterlin, S. (2000). Biological control of whitefly on Gerbera: success or failure? : tritrophic interactions between Gerbera jamesonii, Trialeurodes vaporariorum and Encarsia formosa. (Doctoral Dissertation). Agricultural University. Retrieved from http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/66252 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-66252 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-66252 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/66252

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Sütterlin, S. “Biological control of whitefly on Gerbera: success or failure? : tritrophic interactions between Gerbera jamesonii, Trialeurodes vaporariorum and Encarsia formosa.” 2000. Doctoral Dissertation, Agricultural University. Accessed December 10, 2019. http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/66252 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-66252 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-66252 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/66252.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Sütterlin, S. “Biological control of whitefly on Gerbera: success or failure? : tritrophic interactions between Gerbera jamesonii, Trialeurodes vaporariorum and Encarsia formosa.” 2000. Web. 10 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Sütterlin S. Biological control of whitefly on Gerbera: success or failure? : tritrophic interactions between Gerbera jamesonii, Trialeurodes vaporariorum and Encarsia formosa. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Agricultural University; 2000. [cited 2019 Dec 10]. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/66252 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-66252 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-66252 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/66252.

Council of Science Editors:

Sütterlin S. Biological control of whitefly on Gerbera: success or failure? : tritrophic interactions between Gerbera jamesonii, Trialeurodes vaporariorum and Encarsia formosa. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Agricultural University; 2000. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/66252 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-66252 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-66252 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/66252

24. Charleston, D.S. Integrating biological control and botanical pesticides for management of Plutella xylostella.

Degree: 2004, NARCIS

URL: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/334797 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-334797 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-334797 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/334797

► A large number of different plant species have natural pesticidal properties, and man has made use of this since early times. By applying plant extracts… (more)

▼ A large number of different plant species have natural pesticidal properties, and man has made use of this since early times. By applying plant extracts to other susceptible plant species the defence of the susceptible plant is improved. This thesisfocuseson the possibility of integrating botanical pesticides with biological control for management of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella , in<st1:country-region><st1:place>South Africa Twenty-one species of primary parasitoids have been collected from P. xylostella in the field in<st1:country-region><st1:place>South Africa</st1:place></st1:country-region>. Biological control therefore provides a natural control technique. However, biological control alone is insufficient to provide adequate protection and requires integration with other control techniques. Plant products from the Meliaceae family have been widely used to control insect pests, particularly products from the neem tree, Azadirachta indica . The neem tree does not grow in<st1:country-region><st1:place>South Africa</st1:place></st1:country-region>but the closely related syringa tree Melia azedarach is a widespread invasive plant found throughout the country. In this thesis I make use of a commercial neem product, Neemix 4.5 ^® , and aqueous leaf extracts derived from the syringa tree.The neem- and syringa- derived botanical pesticides had adverse effects on the development, reproduction and survival of P. xylostella . These botanical pesticides also reduced feeding and oviposition, which are important factors in pest control. However, if a botanical pesticide is to be combined with biological control it must not hamper natural enemies. The neem- and syringa- derived botanical pesticides did not have a directly negative impact on the survival of Cotesia plutellae or Diadromus collaris two of the most abundant natural enemies found in South Africa. In a glasshouse, a significantly higher proportion of P. xylostella larvae were parasitised by C. plutellae on plants that been treated with the syringa extract than on control plants. Results from a choice test in a windtunnel showed that C. plutellae was attracted significantly more often to cabbage plants treated with the syringa extract than to the control plants. Headspace analysis revealed that treatment of cabbage with syringa extracts caused an increased emission of… Advisors/Committee Members: Wageningen University, Louise Vet, Marcel Dicke.

Subjects/Keywords: plutella xylostella; insectenplagen; plantaardige insecticiden; biologische bestrijding; organismen ingezet bij biologische bestrijding; parasitoïden; melia azedarach; azadirachta indica; Biologische bestrijding van plagen; Insecticiden, acariciden; Natuurlijke toxinen; plutella xylostella; insect pests; botanical insecticides; melia azedarach; azadirachta indica; biological control; biological control agents; parasitoids; Biological Control of Pests; Insecticides, Acaricides; Natural Toxins

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Charleston, D. S. (2004). Integrating biological control and botanical pesticides for management of Plutella xylostella. (Doctoral Dissertation). NARCIS. Retrieved from http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/334797 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-334797 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-334797 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/334797

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Charleston, D S. “Integrating biological control and botanical pesticides for management of Plutella xylostella.” 2004. Doctoral Dissertation, NARCIS. Accessed December 10, 2019. http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/334797 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-334797 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-334797 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/334797.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Charleston, D S. “Integrating biological control and botanical pesticides for management of Plutella xylostella.” 2004. Web. 10 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Charleston DS. Integrating biological control and botanical pesticides for management of Plutella xylostella. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. NARCIS; 2004. [cited 2019 Dec 10]. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/334797 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-334797 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-334797 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/334797.

Council of Science Editors:

Charleston DS. Integrating biological control and botanical pesticides for management of Plutella xylostella. [Doctoral Dissertation]. NARCIS; 2004. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/334797 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-334797 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-334797 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/334797

25. Smits, P.H. Nuclear polyhedrosis virus as biological control agent of Spodoptera exigua.

Degree: 1987, Agricultural University

URL: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/3852 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-3852 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-3852 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/3852

► Several aspects of the control of the beet armyworm, Spodopteraexigua (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in greenhouse crops with nuclear polyhedrosis viruses (NPVs) (Baculoviridae, subgroup A) were… (more)

▼ Several aspects of the control of the beet armyworm, Spodopteraexigua (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in greenhouse crops with nuclear polyhedrosis viruses (NPVs) (Baculoviridae, subgroup A) were studied. Beet armyworm behaviour was observed in various crops. The distribution of egg batches (Chapter 2) was found to be similar in chrysanthemum, tomato, gerbera and geranium. Most eggs were laid on the underside of leaves within 10 cm of the soil surface. In chrysanthemum moths deposited more eggs on very young than on older plants. No correlation was found between size of egg batches and plant species, plant age or position within in a crop. After hatching beet armyworm larvae gradually moved upwards to the top of chrysanthemum plants (Chapter 3) and then predominantly fed on the upper foliage layers. On tomato, however, larvae did not move upwards and mainly fed on the lower leaves. On chrysanthemums most feeding of the younger larvae occurred at the underside of foliage while the upper epidermis remained intact. Larvae dispersing from a single egg batch of 35 eggs damaged about 90 small and 50 tall chrysanthemum plants during their development. The five successive larval stages contributed 0.1%, 0.4%, 4%, 20% and 75% to the total foliage consumption, respectively. Five nuclear polyhedrosis viruses infectious for beet armyworm larvae were compared for their potential as biological control agent (Chapter 4). Restriction endonuclease patterns of the DNA showed that three of the isolates, collected from deceased beet armyworm larvae in the Netherlands, are closely related with Mamestrabrassicae nuclear polyhedrosis virus (MbMNPV). Therefore they were named MbMNPV-NL80, MbMNPV-NL82 and MbMNPV-NL83. These isolates are not closely related with AutographcalifornicaMNPV (AcMNPV) and Spodopteraexigua MNPV (SeMNPV), both originating from the USA. Comparison of the biological activity of these five MNPVs (Chapter 4) showed that the SeMNPV has a greater biological activity against beet armyworm larvae than MbMNPV-NL80, - NL82, -NL83 and AcMNPV. The LD-50 values of the five MNPVs against second instar larvae were 3, 26, 14, 17 and 18 polyhedra, respectively. SeMNPV, therefore, seemed to be the most suitable candidate for biological control of the beet armyworm. Bioassays carried out with the droplet-feeding method showed that larvae became less susceptible to SeMNPV with increasing age (Chapter 5). The LD-50 values for the five subsequent larval instars were 4, 3, 39, 132 and 11610 polyhedra. The LT-50 values increased from ca. 3.5 days for first instars to almost 6 days for fifth instar larvae. Production of SeMNPV (Chapter 6) was carried out in late fourth instar larvae reared on semi- synthetic diet. A maximum amount of virus, 1 to 2 x 10 ⁹polyhedra/larva, was produced in individually-reared larvae, after seven days of incubation at WC, with an inoculum of 7.5 x 10 ⁴polyhedra/cm… Advisors/Committee Members: J.P.H. van der Want, J.C. van Lenteren, J.M. Vlak.

Subjects/Keywords: baculovirus; biologische bestrijding; organismen ingezet bij biologische bestrijding; insecten; noctuidae; kernpolyedervirussen; plantenplagen; virussen; spodoptera exigua; glastuinbouw; Biologische bestrijding van plagen; baculovirus; biological control; biological control agents; insects; noctuidae; nuclear polyhedrosis viruses; plant pests; viruses; spodoptera exigua; greenhouse horticulture; Biological Control of Pests

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Smits, P. H. (1987). Nuclear polyhedrosis virus as biological control agent of Spodoptera exigua. (Doctoral Dissertation). Agricultural University. Retrieved from http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/3852 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-3852 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-3852 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/3852

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Smits, P H. “Nuclear polyhedrosis virus as biological control agent of Spodoptera exigua.” 1987. Doctoral Dissertation, Agricultural University. Accessed December 10, 2019. http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/3852 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-3852 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-3852 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/3852.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Smits, P H. “Nuclear polyhedrosis virus as biological control agent of Spodoptera exigua.” 1987. Web. 10 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Smits PH. Nuclear polyhedrosis virus as biological control agent of Spodoptera exigua. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Agricultural University; 1987. [cited 2019 Dec 10]. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/3852 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-3852 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-3852 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/3852.

Council of Science Editors:

Smits PH. Nuclear polyhedrosis virus as biological control agent of Spodoptera exigua. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Agricultural University; 1987. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/3852 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-3852 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-3852 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/3852

26. Ravensberg, W.J. The development of microbial pest control products for control of arthropods: a critical evaluation and a roadmap to success.

Degree: 2010, NARCIS

URL: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/395596 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-395596 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-395596 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/395596

► Microbial pesticides have been developed for a hundred years, but many of these biological crop protection products have not been successful in the market. This… (more)

▼ Microbial pesticides have been developed for a hundred years, but many of these biological crop protection products have not been successful in the market. This is illustrated in chapter 1 by the history of microbial pest control products and the biopesticide companies producing those. In this thesis I recognize the need for a model that would facilitate the development and commercialization of biopesticides based on entomopathogenic bacteria, fungi, viruses, and nematodes. The aim of this thesis was to develop a rational and structured approach that will increase the chances of achieving success with microbial pest control products for control of arthropods. The initial step is finding a microbial pest control agent which has the potential to control the pest (chapter 2). The search for a novel agent is directed by an elaborate description of the pest problem. The first level of selection is the type of entomopathogen: bacteria, fungi, viruses, protozoa, and entomopathogenic nematodes. The second level is at the species and strain level. This study identified three decisive selection criteria for a commercial microbial insecticide: mortality, production efficiency, and safety to humans and the environment. The consecutive steps in the screening process have been identified as the collection of isolates, laboratory screening on efficacy in well-standardized bio-assays, and on production efficiency, assessment of mode of action and toxicological properties, and efficacy in small glasshouse trials. This selection process should deliver determinative information on which one or at the most three to four strains are chosen for further development. The next phase is the investigation of the feasibility of economic mass production of the selected strain(s) and the development of a stable product (chapter 3). Two phases are distinguished, the development of the production process, including medium development and downstream processing, and the development of the product, including formulation, packaging and field testing. Mass production is preferably an in vitro process because that offers more control than an in vivo process. Bacteria, fungi and entomopathogenic nematodes are generally produced in vitro, whereas baculoviruses must be produced in vivo. The critical technical and economic factors are identified and evaluated for these four types of pathogens. The goal is to produce the greatest number of infective propagules for the lowest cost. A stable product requires a formulation. The four main objectives in formulating the infective propagules are: to stabilize the propagules for reasons of packaging, shelf-life and shipping; to create a user-friendly product that can be effectively delivered to the target; to protect the propagule, once applied, to improve its persistence at the target site; and to minimize risks of exposure to the applicator. Formulation considerations and recommendations are presented per formulation function as well as per type of pathogen. Field testing links all steps in the developmental… Advisors/Committee Members: Wageningen University, Joop van Lenteren.

Subjects/Keywords: plagen veroorzaakt door geleedpotigen; biopesticiden; ontwikkeling; potentie; screenen; biologische productie; formuleringen; experimenteel veldonderzoek; kwaliteitscontroles; vercommercialisering; planning; toelating van bestrijdingsmiddelen; Biologische bestrijding van plagen; arthropod pests; microbial pesticides; development; potency; screening; biological production; formulations; field experimentation; quality controls; commercialization; planning; authorisation of pesticides; Biological Control of Pests

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Ravensberg, W. J. (2010). The development of microbial pest control products for control of arthropods: a critical evaluation and a roadmap to success. (Doctoral Dissertation). NARCIS. Retrieved from http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/395596 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-395596 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-395596 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/395596

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Ravensberg, W J. “The development of microbial pest control products for control of arthropods: a critical evaluation and a roadmap to success.” 2010. Doctoral Dissertation, NARCIS. Accessed December 10, 2019. http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/395596 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-395596 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-395596 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/395596.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Ravensberg, W J. “The development of microbial pest control products for control of arthropods: a critical evaluation and a roadmap to success.” 2010. Web. 10 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Ravensberg WJ. The development of microbial pest control products for control of arthropods: a critical evaluation and a roadmap to success. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. NARCIS; 2010. [cited 2019 Dec 10]. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/395596 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-395596 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-395596 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/395596.

Council of Science Editors:

Ravensberg WJ. The development of microbial pest control products for control of arthropods: a critical evaluation and a roadmap to success. [Doctoral Dissertation]. NARCIS; 2010. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/395596 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-395596 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-395596 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/395596

27. Boff, P. Epidemiology and biological control of grey mould in annual strawberry crops.

Degree: 2001, NARCIS

URL: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/108192 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-108192 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-108192 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/108192

► Intensive crop production has led to various undesirable side effects. Strawberry production is typically very input-intensive, in particular with respect to fungicides. In this… (more)

▼ Intensive crop production has led to various undesirable side effects. Strawberry production is typically very input-intensive, in particular with respect to fungicides. In this thesis we attempt to develop a control strategy for strawberry grey mould caused by Botrytis cinerea Pers. using an ecological approach. The epidemiology and biological control of grey mould using the antagonist Ulocladium atrum Preuss was studied during four years in an annual cropping system under field conditions. U. atrum sprayed throughout the season controlled grey mould on fruits effectively in five of eight experiments. On the phylloplane, U. atrum spore density declined exponentially with a relative rate of -0.10 day ^-1. This means that sprays would need to be applied once a week for U. atrum to compete effectively with B. cinerea in dead leaf tissue. However, very little leaf debris was formed in annual strawberry and the pathogen sporulated on a maximum of 15.5 cm² of leaf area per plant. Crop sanitation by removing dead leaves did not affect the level of grey mould. These results demonstrate that crop debris was not a significant inoculum source for B. cinerea in this strawberry system. The presence of petals can facilitate the establishment of infection of B. cinerea on fruits, considering that 65-85% of them exhibited pathogen sporulation, and petal retention during fruit development was associated with 50% of the total grey mould. Therefore targeting the infection of B. cinerea on flower parts is more efficient for the control of grey mould than suppressing sporulation of the pathogen on crop debris. Spraying U. atrum during flowering was as effective as spraying from transplanting. A single application of U. atrum was effective in reducing grey mould when introduced at late flower- or early fruit stages. Multiple applications during flowering showed that twice weekly sprays gave better control than weekly sprays. The conidium concentration of U. atrum can be as low as 0.5 x 10 ⁶conidia ml ^-1when applied at flowering. Advisors/Committee Members: Wageningen University, A.H.C. Van Bruggen, J. Koehl.

Subjects/Keywords: aardbeien; fragaria; botrytis cinerea; teeltsystemen; schimmel; biologische bestrijding; epidemiologie; vruchtrot; bloei; bloemen; bloemkroon; plantenziekten; Epidemiologie van plantenziekten en -plagen; Biologische bestrijding van ziekten; Kleinfruit; strawberries; fragaria; botrytis cinerea; plant diseases; cropping systems; moulds; biological control; epidemiology; fruit rots; flowering; flowers; corolla; Epidemiology of Plant Pests and Diseases; Biological Control of Diseases; Small Fruits

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Boff, P. (2001). Epidemiology and biological control of grey mould in annual strawberry crops. (Doctoral Dissertation). NARCIS. Retrieved from http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/108192 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-108192 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-108192 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/108192

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Boff, P. “Epidemiology and biological control of grey mould in annual strawberry crops.” 2001. Doctoral Dissertation, NARCIS. Accessed December 10, 2019. http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/108192 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-108192 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-108192 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/108192.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Boff, P. “Epidemiology and biological control of grey mould in annual strawberry crops.” 2001. Web. 10 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Boff P. Epidemiology and biological control of grey mould in annual strawberry crops. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. NARCIS; 2001. [cited 2019 Dec 10]. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/108192 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-108192 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-108192 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/108192.

Council of Science Editors:

Boff P. Epidemiology and biological control of grey mould in annual strawberry crops. [Doctoral Dissertation]. NARCIS; 2001. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/108192 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-108192 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-108192 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/108192

28. Stolk, C. Biocontrol in store: spatial and behavioural aspects of foraging by Uscana lariophaga, egg parasitoid of Callosobruchus maculatus, in stored cowpea.

Degree: 2002, NARCIS

URL: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/123659 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-123659 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-123659 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/123659

► Cowpea ( Vigna unguiculata Walpers), an important crop for West African subsistence farmers, is often infested in storage by the bruchid beetle Callosobruchus maculatus… (more)

▼ Cowpea ( Vigna unguiculata Walpers), an important crop for West African subsistence farmers, is often infested in storage by the bruchid beetle Callosobruchus maculatus Fabricius. The indigenous egg parasitoid Uscana lariophaga Steffan (Hym.: Trichogrammatidae) is responsible for substantial mortality of C. maculatus eggs and might therefore be used in a conservation strategy of biological control. This thesis focuses on foraging behaviour of U. lariophaga females in a spatial context. In stored cowpea, the bruchid oviposits in clusters. Uscana lariophaga is well adapted to such clusters, since it shows a strong arrestment response after an encounter with an unparasitized host. Previous investigations had already shown attraction of the parasitoid to host-related odours; it is now shown that directed search probably occurs at a short distance (4-6 beans) from the host patch. The probability that a host patch in stored cowpea is found decreases rapidly with increasing distance between the host patch and the site of release of the parasitoid. The 'critical distance' within which the host patch is quickly found by the parasitoid increases if more searching time is allowed. If an experienced parasitoid arrives in a host patch and encounters parasitized hosts, it is likely to superparasitize, but it will stop superparasitizing as soon as an unparasitized host has been encountered in the same patch. Superparasitism by experienced females is not due to failure in host discrimination, as appears from the fact that females adapt the sex ratio of their offspring during superparasitism. If no or few hosts are available, the parasitoid lives shorter than when many hosts are available. This reduced longevity at low host densities may be due to an increased walking activity at low host densities. Finally, the potential of a simulation model of U. lariophaga behaviour is shown, and consequences of behaviour for the prospects of biological control are discussed. Advisors/Committee Members: Wageningen University, J.C. van Lenteren, A. van Huis, W. van der Werf.

Subjects/Keywords: vignabonen; callosobruchus maculatus; voorraadplagen; biologische bestrijding; vigna unguiculata; trichogrammatidae; parasitoïden; voedingsgedrag; gedrag bij zoeken van een gastheer; Biologische bestrijding van plagen; cowpeas; vigna unguiculata; callosobruchus maculatus; stored products pests; trichogrammatidae; parasitoids; feeding behaviour; host-seeking behaviour; biological control; Biological Control of Pests

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Stolk, C. (2002). Biocontrol in store: spatial and behavioural aspects of foraging by Uscana lariophaga, egg parasitoid of Callosobruchus maculatus, in stored cowpea. (Doctoral Dissertation). NARCIS. Retrieved from http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/123659 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-123659 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-123659 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/123659

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Stolk, C. “Biocontrol in store: spatial and behavioural aspects of foraging by Uscana lariophaga, egg parasitoid of Callosobruchus maculatus, in stored cowpea.” 2002. Doctoral Dissertation, NARCIS. Accessed December 10, 2019. http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/123659 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-123659 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-123659 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/123659.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Stolk, C. “Biocontrol in store: spatial and behavioural aspects of foraging by Uscana lariophaga, egg parasitoid of Callosobruchus maculatus, in stored cowpea.” 2002. Web. 10 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Stolk C. Biocontrol in store: spatial and behavioural aspects of foraging by Uscana lariophaga, egg parasitoid of Callosobruchus maculatus, in stored cowpea. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. NARCIS; 2002. [cited 2019 Dec 10]. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/123659 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-123659 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-123659 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/123659.

Council of Science Editors:

Stolk C. Biocontrol in store: spatial and behavioural aspects of foraging by Uscana lariophaga, egg parasitoid of Callosobruchus maculatus, in stored cowpea. [Doctoral Dissertation]. NARCIS; 2002. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/123659 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-123659 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-123659 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/123659

29. Meekes, E.T.M. Entomopathogenic fungi against whiteflies : tritrophic interactions between Aschersonia species, Trialeurodes vaporariorum and Bemisia argentifolii, and glasshouse crops.

Degree: 2001, NARCIS

URL: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/109662 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-109662 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-109662 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/109662

► Many horticultural and agricultural crops are good host plants for the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, and the silverleaf whitefly, Bemisia argentifolii . Their damage… (more)

▼ Many horticultural and agricultural crops are good host plants for the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, and the silverleaf whitefly, Bemisia argentifolii . Their damage to crops is manifold. When present in sufficient numbers they can cause leaf drop and inhibit fruit maturation. They are efficient vectors of economically important plant viruses. In addition, whiteflies produce honeydew, which soils and damages crops, and serves as a substrate for sooty moulds, thus reducing leaf photosynthesis and renders plants and fruits unsightly. As more environmentally responsible agricultural strategies are adopted, natural enemies of both whitefly species, will play an increasing role. Screening for natural enemies which are able to kill both pest insects quickly, without affecting other natural enemies, is an important line of research. Entomopathogenic fungi can meet these requirements and can therefore be a valuable asset to existing biological and chemical control measures. Our attention is directed towards the entomopathogenic fungi of the genus Aschersonia , which are specialised on whitefly and scale insects. Previous research indicated that Aschersonia aleyrodis is a promising whitefly control agent because of its tolerance to relative humidities as low as 50%, its long persistence on leaf surfaces and its compatibility with the parasitoid Encarsia formosa , but little is known about other species within the genus. This project consisted of two components: 1) to identify virulent isolates of Aschersonia spp. for the use against greenhouse and silverleaf whitefly, and 2) to study factors which influence the effectivity of entomopathogenic fungi, with special reference to host plant, humidity and their interaction. Forty-four isolates of Aschersonia spp. were tested for their ability to sporulate on semi-artificial media and to infect the insect hosts, both important criteria for selection of biocontrol agents. Seven isolates sporulated poorly (less than 5.10 ⁷ conidia/culture) and ten were not able to infect either of the whitefly species. After a selection based on spore production and infection, virulence of 31 isolates was evaluated on third instar nymphs of both whitefly species on poinsettia ( Euphorbia pulcherrima ). Infection levels varied between 2 to 70%, and infection percentages of B. argentifolii correlated with that of T. vaporariorum . Several isolates, among which unidentified species of Aschersonia originating from Thailand and Malaysia, A. aleyrodis from Colombia, and A. placenta from India showed consistent results in their ability to infect both whitefly species. Of these isolates LD ₅₀ and LT ₅₀ values were compared to select the most virulent isolate for control of B. argentifolii and T. vaporariorum . Bioassays were carried out on intact poinsettia plants under glasshouse… Advisors/Committee Members: Wageningen University, J.C. van Lenteren, J.J. Fransen.

Subjects/Keywords: insectenplagen; aleyrodidae; entomopathogene schimmels; aschersonia; trialeurodes vaporariorum; bemisia argentifolii; gastheer parasiet relaties; biologische bestrijding; Biologische bestrijding van plagen; Schimmels van ongewervelden; insect pests; aleyrodidae; trialeurodes vaporariorum; bemisia argentifolii; entomogenous fungi; aschersonia; host parasite relationships; biological control; Biological Control of Pests; Fungi of Invertebrates

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Meekes, E. T. M. (2001). Entomopathogenic fungi against whiteflies : tritrophic interactions between Aschersonia species, Trialeurodes vaporariorum and Bemisia argentifolii, and glasshouse crops. (Doctoral Dissertation). NARCIS. Retrieved from http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/109662 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-109662 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-109662 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/109662

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Meekes, E T M. “Entomopathogenic fungi against whiteflies : tritrophic interactions between Aschersonia species, Trialeurodes vaporariorum and Bemisia argentifolii, and glasshouse crops.” 2001. Doctoral Dissertation, NARCIS. Accessed December 10, 2019. http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/109662 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-109662 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-109662 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/109662.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Meekes, E T M. “Entomopathogenic fungi against whiteflies : tritrophic interactions between Aschersonia species, Trialeurodes vaporariorum and Bemisia argentifolii, and glasshouse crops.” 2001. Web. 10 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Meekes ETM. Entomopathogenic fungi against whiteflies : tritrophic interactions between Aschersonia species, Trialeurodes vaporariorum and Bemisia argentifolii, and glasshouse crops. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. NARCIS; 2001. [cited 2019 Dec 10]. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/109662 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-109662 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-109662 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/109662.

Council of Science Editors:

Meekes ETM. Entomopathogenic fungi against whiteflies : tritrophic interactions between Aschersonia species, Trialeurodes vaporariorum and Bemisia argentifolii, and glasshouse crops. [Doctoral Dissertation]. NARCIS; 2001. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/109662 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-109662 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-109662 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/109662

30. Vis, De, R.M.J. Biological control of whitefly on greenhouse tomato in Colombia: Encarsia formosa or Amitus fuscipennis?.

Degree: 2001, NARCIS

URL: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/122312 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-122312 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-122312 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/122312

► In Colombia, biological control of pests in greenhouse crops is only applied on a very limited scale in ornamentals and as yet non-existent in greenhouse… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: trialeurodes vaporariorum; organismen ingezet bij biologische bestrijding; encarsia formosa; amitus; insectenplagen; tomaten; solanum lycopersicum; teelt onder bescherming; colombia; aleyrodidae; Biologische bestrijding van plagen; trialeurodes vaporariorum; biological control agents; encarsia formosa; amitus; insect pests; aleyrodidae; tomatoes; solanum lycopersicum; protected cultivation; colombia; Biological Control of Pests

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Vis, De, R. M. J. (2001). Biological control of whitefly on greenhouse tomato in Colombia: Encarsia formosa or Amitus fuscipennis?. (Doctoral Dissertation). NARCIS. Retrieved from http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/122312 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-122312 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-122312 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/122312

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Vis, De, R M J. “Biological control of whitefly on greenhouse tomato in Colombia: Encarsia formosa or Amitus fuscipennis?.” 2001. Doctoral Dissertation, NARCIS. Accessed December 10, 2019. http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/122312 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-122312 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-122312 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/122312.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Vis, De, R M J. “Biological control of whitefly on greenhouse tomato in Colombia: Encarsia formosa or Amitus fuscipennis?.” 2001. Web. 10 Dec 2019.

Vancouver:

Vis, De RMJ. Biological control of whitefly on greenhouse tomato in Colombia: Encarsia formosa or Amitus fuscipennis?. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. NARCIS; 2001. [cited 2019 Dec 10]. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/122312 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-122312 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-122312 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/122312.

Council of Science Editors:

Vis, De RMJ. Biological control of whitefly on greenhouse tomato in Colombia: Encarsia formosa or Amitus fuscipennis?. [Doctoral Dissertation]. NARCIS; 2001. Available from: http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/122312 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-122312 ; urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-122312 ; http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/122312

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