subject:(Biodegradation)

Université de Neuchâtel

1. Jeannottat, Simon. Isotope fractionation of volatile organic compounds in porous media under variably saturated conditions.

Degree: 2012, Université de Neuchâtel

URL: http://doc.rero.ch/record/31444

► Compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) has proven to be an effective tool to assess in-situ biodegradation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in groundwater and to distinguish… (more)

▼ Compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) has proven to be an effective tool to assess in-situ biodegradation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in groundwater and to distinguish between different contaminant sources. There is an increasing interest to apply the CSIA method also in unsaturated zone studies. However, under variably saturated conditions, physical processes such as phase partitioning and diffusion might influence isotope ratios as well. The main aim of this study was to quantify isotope fractionation associated with physical processes relevant for the unsaturated zone and to explore how isotope ratios evolve if different processes interact. The study focussed on chlorinated hydrocarbons, which are among the most common contaminants detected in the subsurface. In addition to carbon, the behaviour of chlorine isotopes was also investigated. Since the mass difference between the stable chlorine isotopes is two, larger isotope effects are expected to occur than for carbon, especially for diffusion. In order to make chlorine isotope analysis feasible, some analytical method development was required as well. A new analytical method for chlorine isotope ratio analyses based on gas chromatography quadrupole mass-spectrometry (GC-qMS) measurements was evaluated by comparing it with established IRMS based methods. The study highlighted the need to perform a two-point calibration and to bracket samples with standards of the same concentrations. Using this approach, a precision of 1σ ≈0.2-0.5% (n=10) was reached for TCE measurements with an Agilent GC-qMS. Additionally, the relationship between isotope and isotopologue fractionation during vaporization and diffusion was explored theoretically. While fractionation takes place among isotopologues it is usually more convenient to express results as isotope ratios. It was demonstrate that during vaporization and diffusion chlorine isotope and isotopologue fractionation is proportional in good approximation even when several isotopologues with multiple heavy isotopes are present. As a consequence, isotope ratios can be determined even if only some isotopologues are quantified and isotope fractionation factors can be derived from either isotope or isotopologue ratios. In a next step, isotope fractionation during processes relevant for the release of compounds from NAPL (vaporization) or groundwater (air-water partitioning) was quantified in isolation for the trichloroethylene (TCE) using various laboratory experiments. During NAPL-vapor equilibration, carbon and chlorine isotope ratios evolved in opposite directions although both elements are present in the same bond, with a normal isotope effect for chlorine (ε_Cl = -0.39±0.03‰) and an inverse effect for carbon (ε_C = +0.75±0.04‰). During air-water partitioning, no significant chlorine isotope fractionation occurred, while an inverse carbon isotope effect (ε_C = +0.38±0.04‰) was observed, that was however weaker than for vaporization. Then, the combined effect of release of… Advisors/Committee Members: Daniel (Dir.).

Subjects/Keywords: biodegradation

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APA (6^th Edition):

Jeannottat, S. (2012). Isotope fractionation of volatile organic compounds in porous media under variably saturated conditions. (Thesis). Université de Neuchâtel. Retrieved from http://doc.rero.ch/record/31444

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Jeannottat, Simon. “Isotope fractionation of volatile organic compounds in porous media under variably saturated conditions.” 2012. Thesis, Université de Neuchâtel. Accessed March 02, 2021. http://doc.rero.ch/record/31444.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Jeannottat, Simon. “Isotope fractionation of volatile organic compounds in porous media under variably saturated conditions.” 2012. Web. 02 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Jeannottat S. Isotope fractionation of volatile organic compounds in porous media under variably saturated conditions. [Internet] [Thesis]. Université de Neuchâtel; 2012. [cited 2021 Mar 02]. Available from: http://doc.rero.ch/record/31444.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Jeannottat S. Isotope fractionation of volatile organic compounds in porous media under variably saturated conditions. [Thesis]. Université de Neuchâtel; 2012. Available from: http://doc.rero.ch/record/31444

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Rutgers University

2. Hassinger, Denise Ann, 1985-. Utilizing natural components to combat anthropogenic effects: biodegradation of single-use plastics by white-rot fungi.

Degree: MS, Biology, 2018, Rutgers University

URL: https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/57077/

► Plastic pollution is a recognized global threat that must be resolved in order to preserve and conserve natural ecosystems. Fungi are prime candidates for being… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Biodegradation

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APA (6^th Edition):

Hassinger, Denise Ann, 1. (2018). Utilizing natural components to combat anthropogenic effects: biodegradation of single-use plastics by white-rot fungi. (Masters Thesis). Rutgers University. Retrieved from https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/57077/

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Hassinger, Denise Ann, 1985-. “Utilizing natural components to combat anthropogenic effects: biodegradation of single-use plastics by white-rot fungi.” 2018. Masters Thesis, Rutgers University. Accessed March 02, 2021. https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/57077/.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Hassinger, Denise Ann, 1985-. “Utilizing natural components to combat anthropogenic effects: biodegradation of single-use plastics by white-rot fungi.” 2018. Web. 02 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Hassinger, Denise Ann 1. Utilizing natural components to combat anthropogenic effects: biodegradation of single-use plastics by white-rot fungi. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Rutgers University; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 02]. Available from: https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/57077/.

Council of Science Editors:

Hassinger, Denise Ann 1. Utilizing natural components to combat anthropogenic effects: biodegradation of single-use plastics by white-rot fungi. [Masters Thesis]. Rutgers University; 2018. Available from: https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/57077/

Oregon State University

3. Eaton, Hillary L. Anaerobic biodegradation of the cyclic nitramines, RDX and HMX, by ovine ruminal microbes.

Degree: PhD, Public Health, 2011, Oregon State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/21080

► Cyclic nitramines released into all environmental compartments through anthropogenic activities are toxic and possibly carcinogenic and mutagenic. Soils on military ranges, located throughout the world… (more)

▼ Cyclic nitramines released into all environmental compartments through anthropogenic activities are toxic and possibly carcinogenic and mutagenic. Soils on military ranges, located throughout the world in various climatic regions and close to human activities, are especially susceptible to cyclic nitramine contamination. The properties of soils on military ranges will directly affect the cyclic nitramine contamination and biodegradation; however, studies in this area are limited. Previous related research was mainly focused on monitoring the temporal and spatial changes in nitrate explosive concentrations and various in situ and ex situ remediation techniques. Anaerobic biodegradation of cyclic nitramines in soils is scarce, but appears to be a more efficient means of bioremediation than aerobic techniques; however, most published research has not been applied in situ as there are numerous hindrances to applications in the field. The present research therefore aims to study the feasibility of ruminal bioremediation as an inexpensive, ecologically conscious, and viable means to remediate soils on military ranges contaminated with cyclic nitramines by (1) determining if RDX degradation in whole ovine rumen fluid occurs and isolating and identifying organisms capable of degradation through enrichments; (2) evaluating the ability of 24 commonly isolated bacteria from the rumen to degrade RDX and determining the metabolite pathway by capable isolates, as well as by consortia in whole rumen fluid; and (3) exploring HMX degradation in whole ovine rumen fluid and identifying the HMX-degradation pathway in whole rumen fluid and by capable isolates tested. Bioremediation is of great interest in the detoxification of soil contaminated with residues from explosives such as hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX). Although there are numerous forms of in situ and ex situ bioremediation, ruminants would provide the option of an in situ bioreactor that could be transported to the site of contamination. Bovine rumen fluid has been previously shown to transform 2,4,6- trinitrotoluene (TNT), a similar compound, in 4 h. In this study, RDX incubated in whole ovine rumen fluid was nearly eliminated within 4 h. Whole ovine rumen fluid was then inoculated into five different types of media to select for archaeal and bacterial organisms capable of RDX biotransformation. Cultures containing 30 μg mL⁻¹ RDX were transferred each time the RDX concentration decreased to 5 μg mL⁻¹ or less. Time point samples were analyzed for RDX biotransformation by HPLC. The two fastest transforming enrichments were in methanogenic and low nitrogen basal media. After 21 days, DNA was extracted from all enrichments able to partially or completely transform RDX in 7 days or less. To understand microbial diversity, 16S rRNA-gene-targeted denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) finger- printing was conducted. Cloning and sequencing of partial 16S rRNA fragments were performed on both low nitrogen basal and methanogenic media enrichments.… Advisors/Committee Members: Craig, Albert M. (advisor), Bottomley, Peter (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: biodegradation; Nitroamines – Biodegradation

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APA (6^th Edition):

Eaton, H. L. (2011). Anaerobic biodegradation of the cyclic nitramines, RDX and HMX, by ovine ruminal microbes. (Doctoral Dissertation). Oregon State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1957/21080

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Eaton, Hillary L. “Anaerobic biodegradation of the cyclic nitramines, RDX and HMX, by ovine ruminal microbes.” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, Oregon State University. Accessed March 02, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/21080.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Eaton, Hillary L. “Anaerobic biodegradation of the cyclic nitramines, RDX and HMX, by ovine ruminal microbes.” 2011. Web. 02 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Eaton HL. Anaerobic biodegradation of the cyclic nitramines, RDX and HMX, by ovine ruminal microbes. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Oregon State University; 2011. [cited 2021 Mar 02]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/21080.

Council of Science Editors:

Eaton HL. Anaerobic biodegradation of the cyclic nitramines, RDX and HMX, by ovine ruminal microbes. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Oregon State University; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/21080

University of Oklahoma

4. Morris, Brandon E. L. ISOTOPIC FRACTIONATION AND ANAEROBIC PHYSIOLOGY OF n-ALKANE DEGRADATION BY BACTERIAL ISOLATES AND MIXED COMMUNITIES.

Degree: PhD, 2011, University of Oklahoma

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11244/319116

► In conclusion, this dissertation provides enrichment factors for n-alkane biodegradation and reveals characteristic patterns of compound specific isotope enrichment for mineralized end products during methanogenic… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Biodegradation; Hydrocarbons – Biodegradation; Bioremediation

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APA (6^th Edition):

Morris, B. E. L. (2011). ISOTOPIC FRACTIONATION AND ANAEROBIC PHYSIOLOGY OF n-ALKANE DEGRADATION BY BACTERIAL ISOLATES AND MIXED COMMUNITIES. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Oklahoma. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11244/319116

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Morris, Brandon E L. “ISOTOPIC FRACTIONATION AND ANAEROBIC PHYSIOLOGY OF n-ALKANE DEGRADATION BY BACTERIAL ISOLATES AND MIXED COMMUNITIES.” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Oklahoma. Accessed March 02, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11244/319116.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Morris, Brandon E L. “ISOTOPIC FRACTIONATION AND ANAEROBIC PHYSIOLOGY OF n-ALKANE DEGRADATION BY BACTERIAL ISOLATES AND MIXED COMMUNITIES.” 2011. Web. 02 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Morris BEL. ISOTOPIC FRACTIONATION AND ANAEROBIC PHYSIOLOGY OF n-ALKANE DEGRADATION BY BACTERIAL ISOLATES AND MIXED COMMUNITIES. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Oklahoma; 2011. [cited 2021 Mar 02]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11244/319116.

Council of Science Editors:

Morris BEL. ISOTOPIC FRACTIONATION AND ANAEROBIC PHYSIOLOGY OF n-ALKANE DEGRADATION BY BACTERIAL ISOLATES AND MIXED COMMUNITIES. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Oklahoma; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11244/319116

Rochester Institute of Technology

5. Thompson, Rowan. Degradation of cyclic ethers by microorganisms isolated from contaminated groundwater.

Degree: MS, Thomas H. Gosnell School of Life Sciences (COS), 2017, Rochester Institute of Technology

URL: https://scholarworks.rit.edu/theses/9528

► Groundwater contamination is an extremely important topic in environmental science. Ex-situ removal of contaminants is costly and largely ineffective on contaminants that have high… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Biodegradation; Remediation

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APA (6^th Edition):

Thompson, R. (2017). Degradation of cyclic ethers by microorganisms isolated from contaminated groundwater. (Masters Thesis). Rochester Institute of Technology. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.rit.edu/theses/9528

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Thompson, Rowan. “Degradation of cyclic ethers by microorganisms isolated from contaminated groundwater.” 2017. Masters Thesis, Rochester Institute of Technology. Accessed March 02, 2021. https://scholarworks.rit.edu/theses/9528.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Thompson, Rowan. “Degradation of cyclic ethers by microorganisms isolated from contaminated groundwater.” 2017. Web. 02 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Thompson R. Degradation of cyclic ethers by microorganisms isolated from contaminated groundwater. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Rochester Institute of Technology; 2017. [cited 2021 Mar 02]. Available from: https://scholarworks.rit.edu/theses/9528.

Council of Science Editors:

Thompson R. Degradation of cyclic ethers by microorganisms isolated from contaminated groundwater. [Masters Thesis]. Rochester Institute of Technology; 2017. Available from: https://scholarworks.rit.edu/theses/9528

Oregon State University

6. Walz, Anita. Decomposition of cattail and bulrush plant parts in a constructed wetland treating pulp mill effluent.

Degree: MS, Bioresource Engineering, 1993, Oregon State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/35898

► Dried cattail and bulrush plant pieces in mesh bags were incubated in the constructed wetland treating Pope & Talbot pulp mill effluent. Two ponds planted… (more)

▼ Dried cattail and bulrush plant pieces in mesh bags were incubated in the constructed wetland treating Pope & Talbot pulp mill effluent. Two ponds planted with each species and two depth ranges in each pond were chosen, to determine decomposition rates. Bags were withdrawn and analyzed at five time points for the cattail and three for the bulrush. Also a laboratory study was conducted, where ground cattail and bulrush material was incubated aerobically and anaerobically. Both species and control were sampled at five time points. The remaining dry mass and the contents of hemicellulose, cellulose, lignin, and silica was examined. Decomposition rates were determined by fitting the data to the single exponential model with the intercept fixed in 1 (100%). An asymptotic model was used to obtain better fit. The sum of squared errors (SSE) was used as a measure of fit. In the field study the ANOVA revealed no change in decomposition with depth. Neither was there a difference between cattail and bulrush ponds. During the first two days only the cell compounds are drastically reduced. Cellulose and hemicellulose start to decline later. Lignin increased slightly during the first half of the experiment. Decay rates from the single exponential model with the intercept fixed were higher than the ones listed for wetlands by Webster & Benfield (1986). The asymptotic model indicates, that there is a fraction, which does not decompose significantly during the time frame of the experiment. It predicts 36% cattail and 53% bulrush material to be left after one year of decomposition. All samples in the laboratory incubation showed strong leaching during the first day (26.5% for cattail, 23% for bulrush). After this the t-test (95% confidence) showed a significant decay coefficient only for the aerobic cattail samples the model with the best fit. These same samples had an increased cell component, and a very small particle size at the last sampling time (120 days). Neither bulrush nor the anaerobic cattail incubations showed the same effect. Cattail and bulrush plants in the field were labeled to observe the senescence. Their height and in the case of cattail the amount of green and dry leaves was recorded monthly. Plants were harvested once a month until February, and the fiber composition was measured. Cattail was completely dry in January, while bulrush still showed green spots in February. Cattail entered the aquatic system mainly by dropping pieces of leaf tips, less by breaking off and losing the outside leaves. In February the average height of cattail plants was 64.7% of the maximum average height in August. Bulrush plants shortened to 84.1% of the maximum average height from September. Most of the bulrush plants died through nutria, a rodent, which is chopping off the plants. Less material was lost by dropping small pieces off the plant tips. Advisors/Committee Members: Moore, James A. (advisor), Hashimoto, Andrew G. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Biodegradation

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APA (6^th Edition):

Walz, A. (1993). Decomposition of cattail and bulrush plant parts in a constructed wetland treating pulp mill effluent. (Masters Thesis). Oregon State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1957/35898

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Walz, Anita. “Decomposition of cattail and bulrush plant parts in a constructed wetland treating pulp mill effluent.” 1993. Masters Thesis, Oregon State University. Accessed March 02, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/35898.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Walz, Anita. “Decomposition of cattail and bulrush plant parts in a constructed wetland treating pulp mill effluent.” 1993. Web. 02 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Walz A. Decomposition of cattail and bulrush plant parts in a constructed wetland treating pulp mill effluent. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Oregon State University; 1993. [cited 2021 Mar 02]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/35898.

Council of Science Editors:

Walz A. Decomposition of cattail and bulrush plant parts in a constructed wetland treating pulp mill effluent. [Masters Thesis]. Oregon State University; 1993. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/35898

Université de Neuchâtel

7. Savoy, Ludovic. Use of natural and artificial reactive tracers to investigate the transfer of solutes in karst systems.

Degree: 2007, Université de Neuchâtel

URL: http://doc.rero.ch/record/8819

► De nombreuses études concernant les aquifères poreux ont démontré que l’atténuation naturelle d’un contaminant, essentiellement attribuée à la biodégradation, peux considérablement réduire la masse de… (more)

▼ De nombreuses études concernant les aquifères poreux ont démontré que l’atténuation naturelle d’un contaminant, essentiellement attribuée à la biodégradation, peux considérablement réduire la masse de ce contaminant à l’intérieur de l’aquifère. Les processus d’atténuation naturelle d’un contaminant dans les aquifères karstiques sont par contre beaucoup moins connus. Ce projet a eu pour but d’étudier le potentiel d’atténuation par biodégradation de composés dissouts dans la zone non saturée des systèmes karstiques. La quantité de masse dégradée d’un contaminant dissout dans l’eau et traversant la zone non saturée dépend fortement du temps de transit de cette substance dissoute ainsi que de l'activité biologique au sein de cette même zone. Ces deux facteurs (temps de transit, activité biologique) ont été étudiés au sein de plusieurs sites karstiques présentant des caractéristiques hydrauliques différentes (zone saturée et zone non saturée de plus de 50 mètres, conduits directement connecté à l’epikarst, eau de percolation en provenance des volumes peu perméables non saturés). Le temps de transit de substances dissoutes dans le système karstique a été étudié en utilisant une approche basée sur les traceurs naturels. Cette approche présente l’avantage que la réaction hydraulique du système à un nombre élevé de précipitations de différentes intensités peut être étudiée relativement facilement. Des traceurs naturellement produits dans le sol et ensuite graduellement dégradé selon différentes échelles de temps dans la zone non saturée on été étudiés. Ces traceurs apportent ainsi des informations sur le temps de résidence de l’eau et des substances dissoutes dans la zone non saturée. Ces traceurs incluaient, le radon (222Rn), le carbone organique total (COT) ainsi que le gaz carbonique dissout (CO2). Le 222Rn est produit par de la désintégration du 226Radium, naturellement présent dans le sol, et décroit selon une demi-vie de 3.8 jours. Le COT provient de la matière organique du sol et décroit par biodégradation avec une échelle de temps plus longue mais nettement moins bien définie et connue que pour le 222Rn. Finalement, le CO2 est également produit dans le sol mais par la respiration des plantes et organismes. Il est partiellement consumé par la dissolution des carbonates dans l’epikarst et la zone non saturée. En outre, la production de CO2 dans le sol montre une grande variation annuelle et par conséquent, l'eau qui s’infiltre en été ou en hiver présente une concentration différente en CO2 par rapport à l'eau stockée dans la zone non saturée depuis une longue période. Ces traceurs ont été mesuré en continu à la grotte de Milandre, avec une zone non saturée de plus de 50 mètres, dans le but de pouvoir évaluer la réaction hydraulique du système karstique suite à des précipitations de différentes intensités. Aux sites de Vers-Chez-le-Brandt et Grand-Bochat, ces traceurs ont été mesurés durant des précipitations naturelles ou artificielles afin d’évaluer la composition de l’eau du sol. Suite à des précipitations modérées,… Advisors/Committee Members: Daniel (Dir.).

Subjects/Keywords: Biodegradation

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APA (6^th Edition):

Savoy, L. (2007). Use of natural and artificial reactive tracers to investigate the transfer of solutes in karst systems. (Thesis). Université de Neuchâtel. Retrieved from http://doc.rero.ch/record/8819

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Savoy, Ludovic. “Use of natural and artificial reactive tracers to investigate the transfer of solutes in karst systems.” 2007. Thesis, Université de Neuchâtel. Accessed March 02, 2021. http://doc.rero.ch/record/8819.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Savoy, Ludovic. “Use of natural and artificial reactive tracers to investigate the transfer of solutes in karst systems.” 2007. Web. 02 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Savoy L. Use of natural and artificial reactive tracers to investigate the transfer of solutes in karst systems. [Internet] [Thesis]. Université de Neuchâtel; 2007. [cited 2021 Mar 02]. Available from: http://doc.rero.ch/record/8819.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Savoy L. Use of natural and artificial reactive tracers to investigate the transfer of solutes in karst systems. [Thesis]. Université de Neuchâtel; 2007. Available from: http://doc.rero.ch/record/8819

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Ryerson University

8. Dahahda, Samer. Biological And Thermal Pretreatment Of Lignocellulosic Materials For Enhanced Biogas Production.

Degree: 2017, Ryerson University

URL: https://digital.library.ryerson.ca/islandora/object/RULA%3A7118

► The rapid depletion of natural resources and the environmental concerns associated with the use of fossil fuels as the main source of global energy is… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Biogas; Biodegradation; Renewable energy sources; Lignocellulose – Biodegradation

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APA (6^th Edition):

Dahahda, S. (2017). Biological And Thermal Pretreatment Of Lignocellulosic Materials For Enhanced Biogas Production. (Thesis). Ryerson University. Retrieved from https://digital.library.ryerson.ca/islandora/object/RULA%3A7118

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Dahahda, Samer. “Biological And Thermal Pretreatment Of Lignocellulosic Materials For Enhanced Biogas Production.” 2017. Thesis, Ryerson University. Accessed March 02, 2021. https://digital.library.ryerson.ca/islandora/object/RULA%3A7118.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Dahahda, Samer. “Biological And Thermal Pretreatment Of Lignocellulosic Materials For Enhanced Biogas Production.” 2017. Web. 02 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Dahahda S. Biological And Thermal Pretreatment Of Lignocellulosic Materials For Enhanced Biogas Production. [Internet] [Thesis]. Ryerson University; 2017. [cited 2021 Mar 02]. Available from: https://digital.library.ryerson.ca/islandora/object/RULA%3A7118.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Dahahda S. Biological And Thermal Pretreatment Of Lignocellulosic Materials For Enhanced Biogas Production. [Thesis]. Ryerson University; 2017. Available from: https://digital.library.ryerson.ca/islandora/object/RULA%3A7118

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Ryerson University

9. Amin, Zeid. Evaluation Of Mechanical, Irradiation And Chemical Pretreatment Lignocelulosic Substrate For Enhanced Methane Production.

Degree: 2017, Ryerson University

URL: https://digital.library.ryerson.ca/islandora/object/RULA%3A7117

► Lignocellulosic substrate is a resource that contains a locked energy reserve that is normally lost during anaerobic digestion. Lignocellulosic substrate is one of the most… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Lignocellulose – Biotechnology; Biodegradation; Methane; Lignocellulose – Biodegradation

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APA (6^th Edition):

Amin, Z. (2017). Evaluation Of Mechanical, Irradiation And Chemical Pretreatment Lignocelulosic Substrate For Enhanced Methane Production. (Thesis). Ryerson University. Retrieved from https://digital.library.ryerson.ca/islandora/object/RULA%3A7117

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Amin, Zeid. “Evaluation Of Mechanical, Irradiation And Chemical Pretreatment Lignocelulosic Substrate For Enhanced Methane Production.” 2017. Thesis, Ryerson University. Accessed March 02, 2021. https://digital.library.ryerson.ca/islandora/object/RULA%3A7117.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Amin, Zeid. “Evaluation Of Mechanical, Irradiation And Chemical Pretreatment Lignocelulosic Substrate For Enhanced Methane Production.” 2017. Web. 02 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Amin Z. Evaluation Of Mechanical, Irradiation And Chemical Pretreatment Lignocelulosic Substrate For Enhanced Methane Production. [Internet] [Thesis]. Ryerson University; 2017. [cited 2021 Mar 02]. Available from: https://digital.library.ryerson.ca/islandora/object/RULA%3A7117.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Amin Z. Evaluation Of Mechanical, Irradiation And Chemical Pretreatment Lignocelulosic Substrate For Enhanced Methane Production. [Thesis]. Ryerson University; 2017. Available from: https://digital.library.ryerson.ca/islandora/object/RULA%3A7117

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Oklahoma

10. Beasley, Keisha Kohler. Modeling Rates and Energetics of Anaerobic Hydrocarbon Biodegradation.

Degree: PhD, 2012, University of Oklahoma

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11244/318823

The results in these studies provide information that advances our understanding of anaerobic hydrocarbon biodegradation. Ultimately, this information can be used to address questions about mechanism preferences, substrate preferences, biodegradation rates, and energy requirements for conversions in systems worldwide. Advisors/Committee Members: Nanny, Mark A (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Hydrocarbons – Biodegradation; Bioremediation; Biodegradation; Anaerobic bacteria

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APA (6^th Edition):

Beasley, K. K. (2012). Modeling Rates and Energetics of Anaerobic Hydrocarbon Biodegradation. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Oklahoma. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11244/318823

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Beasley, Keisha Kohler. “Modeling Rates and Energetics of Anaerobic Hydrocarbon Biodegradation.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Oklahoma. Accessed March 02, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11244/318823.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Beasley, Keisha Kohler. “Modeling Rates and Energetics of Anaerobic Hydrocarbon Biodegradation.” 2012. Web. 02 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Beasley KK. Modeling Rates and Energetics of Anaerobic Hydrocarbon Biodegradation. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Oklahoma; 2012. [cited 2021 Mar 02]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11244/318823.

Council of Science Editors:

Beasley KK. Modeling Rates and Energetics of Anaerobic Hydrocarbon Biodegradation. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Oklahoma; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11244/318823

Oregon State University

11. Goby, Jeffrey Dean. Experimental approach for the determination of lignin modification by manganese peroxidase.

Degree: MS, Chemical Engineering, 2010, Oregon State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/13827

► Degradation of lignin to simpler compounds is desirable for removing residual lignin during paper manufacture and accessing biomass carbohydrates for biofuel production, among other purposes.… (more)

▼ Degradation of lignin to simpler compounds is desirable for removing residual lignin during paper manufacture and accessing biomass carbohydrates for biofuel production, among other purposes. Lignin transformation using enzymes found in white rot fungi, some of nature's most efficient lignin-degrading organisms, offers a more environmentally benign, selective, and possibly less costly alternative to purely thermochemical means. One type of enzyme used by white rot fungi to degrade lignin in vivo is manganese peroxidase (MnP), which has been successfully purified from the native fungi and produced recombinantly in high yields. To facilitate investigation of lignin transformation by recombinant manganese peroxidase (rMnP), reaction systems were developed and assays refined to detect lignin transformation products. The systems were tested with different solid lignin substrates and sets of components that affect the ability of rMnP to degrade the solid substrate. In several experiments, the dye methylene blue was used as an rMnP substrate and lignin surrogate to rapidly determine the oxidative capacity of rMnP systems containing different short chain organic acids (malonate or oxalate), fatty acids (oleic, linoleic, or linolenic acids), and iron reducing agents (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl acetic acid, vanillic acid, wheat straw extracts). The dye was also used to determine the effect of a Fenton pretreatment on the ability of a subsequent rMnP treatment to degrade a substrate. Two solid wheat straw lignin substrates were used in the reaction system tests: acid insoluble lignin (AIL) and lignin remaining after dilute acid pretreatment, and cellulase saccharification and desorption (mild acid lignin, MAL). Degradation of AIL was undetected in an rMnP system containing malonate and hydrogen peroxide at several concentrations, but a colored high molecular weight (>10 kDa) Mn(III)-malonate complex was generated in the system with 0.1 mM hydrogen peroxide. Degradation of MAL or improved glucose yield due to synergy between cellulases and rMnP were also not definitively detected in a system containing rMnP, cellulases, and linoleic acid. On the other hand, rMnP-induced cellulase inhibition did appear to occur. The rMnP systems containing an emulsified polyunsaturated fatty acid (linoleic acid or linolenic acid) were more effective at degrading methylene blue dye than rMnP systems containing malonate or oxalate in place of the fatty acid. This was likely due to formation of reactive lipid peroxyl radicals which oxidized the dye by hydrogen or electron abstraction. Addition of malonate, oxalate, or iron reducing agent to the rMnP system with emulsified linoleic acid resulted in variable dye degradation. Each iron reducing agent inhibited degradation, oxalate had no effect, and malonate drastically increased the degradation rate. It is likely that malonate increased the degradation rate because it promoted rMnP production of Mn(III) chelates. Degradation in this rMnP system depended on the presence of rMnP and manganese, but occurred… Advisors/Committee Members: Kelly, Christine J. (advisor), Kamke, Frederick A. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: lignin; Lignin – Biodegradation

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APA (6^th Edition):

Goby, J. D. (2010). Experimental approach for the determination of lignin modification by manganese peroxidase. (Masters Thesis). Oregon State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1957/13827

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Goby, Jeffrey Dean. “Experimental approach for the determination of lignin modification by manganese peroxidase.” 2010. Masters Thesis, Oregon State University. Accessed March 02, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/13827.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Goby, Jeffrey Dean. “Experimental approach for the determination of lignin modification by manganese peroxidase.” 2010. Web. 02 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Goby JD. Experimental approach for the determination of lignin modification by manganese peroxidase. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Oregon State University; 2010. [cited 2021 Mar 02]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/13827.

Council of Science Editors:

Goby JD. Experimental approach for the determination of lignin modification by manganese peroxidase. [Masters Thesis]. Oregon State University; 2010. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/13827

Ryerson University

12. Kakar, Durkhani. Photochemical degradation of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) using UV/H₂0₂.

Degree: 2010, Ryerson University

URL: https://digital.library.ryerson.ca/islandora/object/RULA%3A6278

► The oxidation of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) by advanced oxidation processes in water was investigated. The degradation of BTEX by UV-185 and UV-254… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Organic photochemistry – Methodology.; Benzene – Biodegradation; Toluene – Biodegradation; Ethylbenzene – Biodegradation; Xylene – Biodegradation; Water – Purification

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APA (6^th Edition):

Kakar, D. (2010). Photochemical degradation of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) using UV/H₂0₂. (Thesis). Ryerson University. Retrieved from https://digital.library.ryerson.ca/islandora/object/RULA%3A6278

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kakar, Durkhani. “Photochemical degradation of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) using UV/H₂0₂.” 2010. Thesis, Ryerson University. Accessed March 02, 2021. https://digital.library.ryerson.ca/islandora/object/RULA%3A6278.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kakar, Durkhani. “Photochemical degradation of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) using UV/H₂0₂.” 2010. Web. 02 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Kakar D. Photochemical degradation of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) using UV/H₂0₂. [Internet] [Thesis]. Ryerson University; 2010. [cited 2021 Mar 02]. Available from: https://digital.library.ryerson.ca/islandora/object/RULA%3A6278.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Kakar D. Photochemical degradation of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) using UV/H₂0₂. [Thesis]. Ryerson University; 2010. Available from: https://digital.library.ryerson.ca/islandora/object/RULA%3A6278

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Rochester Institute of Technology

13. Gallagher, Noreen Anne. Isolation of Pharmaceutical-Degrading Bacteria from Lake Sediments Associated with Wastewater Effluents.

Degree: MS, Thomas H. Gosnell School of Life Sciences (COS), 2016, Rochester Institute of Technology

URL: https://scholarworks.rit.edu/theses/9296

► Many wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are not properly equipped for the removal of various compounds, including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), analgesics, and hormones. These… (more)

▼ Many wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are not properly equipped for the removal of various compounds, including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), analgesics, and hormones. These compounds are continually discharged into surface waters, which has become an emerging issue for environmental and public health. Microorganisms in the natural environment may play a crucial role in ecosystem self-purification processes such as contaminant degradation. The aim of this research was to determine if there were microorganisms from water and sediment samples located near wastewater effluent outfalls in Central and Western New York capable of degrading ibuprofen, naproxen, acetaminophen, and 17β-estradiol, and if the degradation capability of microorganisms varied by sampling site. An isolation approach was developed using serial enrichment in mineral medium containing each individual pharmaceutical as the sole carbon source available to heterotrophs. After four weeks of enrichment, bacteria were isolated and the growth of each isolate on its selected pharmaceutical source was measured. The biodegradation of pharmaceuticals was then examined with the isolates that showed the most consistent growth. Results from the various enrichment experiments have led to the isolation of several heterotrophic bacteria capable of utilizing the compounds as their sole carbon sources. An isolate cultured from Payne Beach had the ability to remove up to 40.1% ± 3.9% of acetaminophen, 23.2% ± 5.7% of ibuprofen, and 18.6% ± 5.3% of 17β-estradiol and an isolate cultured from Charlotte Beach had the ability to remove up to 23.4% ± 3.5% of ibuprofen, 32.2% ± 2.5% of naproxen, and 29.1% ± 1.9% of 17β-estradiol. The data suggests that there are endogenous heterotrophs located near wastewater outfalls that can degrade various pharmaceuticals, and that the degradation capability of microorganisms on certain compounds may be site specific. Advisors/Committee Members: Jeffrey Lodge.

Subjects/Keywords: Biodegradation; Bioremediation; Pharmaceuticals

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APA (6^th Edition):

Gallagher, N. A. (2016). Isolation of Pharmaceutical-Degrading Bacteria from Lake Sediments Associated with Wastewater Effluents. (Masters Thesis). Rochester Institute of Technology. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.rit.edu/theses/9296

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Gallagher, Noreen Anne. “Isolation of Pharmaceutical-Degrading Bacteria from Lake Sediments Associated with Wastewater Effluents.” 2016. Masters Thesis, Rochester Institute of Technology. Accessed March 02, 2021. https://scholarworks.rit.edu/theses/9296.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Gallagher, Noreen Anne. “Isolation of Pharmaceutical-Degrading Bacteria from Lake Sediments Associated with Wastewater Effluents.” 2016. Web. 02 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Gallagher NA. Isolation of Pharmaceutical-Degrading Bacteria from Lake Sediments Associated with Wastewater Effluents. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Rochester Institute of Technology; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 02]. Available from: https://scholarworks.rit.edu/theses/9296.

Council of Science Editors:

Gallagher NA. Isolation of Pharmaceutical-Degrading Bacteria from Lake Sediments Associated with Wastewater Effluents. [Masters Thesis]. Rochester Institute of Technology; 2016. Available from: https://scholarworks.rit.edu/theses/9296

Texas A&M University

14. Lee, Do Gyun. Biodegradation of Triclosan by Aerobic Microorganisms.

Degree: PhD, Civil Engineering, 2012, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2012-08-11865

► Triclosan, a synthetic antimicrobial agent, is an emerging environmental contaminant. Due to incomplete removal of triclosan by wastewater treatment plants, treated wastewater is one major… (more)

▼ Triclosan, a synthetic antimicrobial agent, is an emerging environmental contaminant. Due to incomplete removal of triclosan by wastewater treatment plants, treated wastewater is one major source of environmental triclosan. Biodegradation of triclosan has been observed in activated sludge and the environment, suggesting that it is possible to develop a cost-effective biotreatment strategy for triclosan removal from wastewater. However, current knowledge on triclosan biodegradation is scarce and limited. To bridge this knowledge gap, this dissertation characterized cultivable triclosan-degrading microorganisms, identified uncultivable triclosan-utilizing bacteria, and elucidated triclosan biodegradation pathways. Furthermore, two treatment strategies were examined to enhance triclosan biodegradation in nitrifying activated sludge (NAS). A wastewater bacterial isolate, Sphingopyxis strain KCY1 (hereafter referred as strain KCY1), can completely degrade triclosan with a stoichiometric release of chloride. This strain can retain its degradation ability toward triclosan when after grown in complex nutrient medium containing triclosan as low as 5 micrograms/L. Based on five identified metabolites, a meta-cleavage pathway was proposed for triclosan biodegradation by strain KCY1. By using [13C12]-triclosan stable isotope probing, eleven uncultured triclosan-utilizing bacteria in a triclosan-degrading microbial consortium were identified. These clones are distributed among alpha-, beta-, or gamma-Proteobacteria, suggesting that triclosan-utilizing bacteria are phylogenetically diverse. None of these clone sequences were similar to known triclosan degraders. Growth substrates affected the triclosan degradation potential of four selected oxygenase-expressing bacteria. Biphenyl-grown Burkholderia xenovorans LB400 and propane-grown Rhodococcus ruber ENV425 cannot degrade triclosan. On the other hand, propane- and 2-propanol-grown Mycobacterium vaccae JOB5 can degrade triclosan completely. Due to product toxicity, finite transformation capacities for triclosan were observed for Rhodococcus jostii RHA1 grown on biphenyl, propane, and LB medium with dicyclopropylketone (alkane monooxygenase inducer). Four chlorinated metabolites were detected during triclosan degradation by biphenyl-grown RHA1 and a meta-cleavage pathway was proposed. Complete triclosan (5 mg/L) degradation was observed within 96 hrs in NAS receiving ammonia amendment (0 to 75 mg/L of NH4-N). The fastest triclosan degradation was observed in the NAS exhibiting the highest amount of ammonia. When ammonia oxidation was active in NAS, the amendment of strain KCY1 did not further enhance triclosan removal. Overall, the results suggested that triclosan biodegradation can be enhanced by increasing the activity of ammonia oxidation in NAS. Advisors/Committee Members: Chu, Kung-Hui (advisor), Autenrieth, Robin (committee member), McDonald, Thomas (committee member), Jayaraman, Arul (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Triclosan; biodegradation; cometbolism

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APA (6^th Edition):

Lee, D. G. (2012). Biodegradation of Triclosan by Aerobic Microorganisms. (Doctoral Dissertation). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2012-08-11865

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Lee, Do Gyun. “Biodegradation of Triclosan by Aerobic Microorganisms.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, Texas A&M University. Accessed March 02, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2012-08-11865.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Lee, Do Gyun. “Biodegradation of Triclosan by Aerobic Microorganisms.” 2012. Web. 02 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Lee DG. Biodegradation of Triclosan by Aerobic Microorganisms. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2012. [cited 2021 Mar 02]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2012-08-11865.

Council of Science Editors:

Lee DG. Biodegradation of Triclosan by Aerobic Microorganisms. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Texas A&M University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2012-08-11865

Texas Tech University

15. -0881-9948. Master of Science.

Degree: MSin Civil Engineering, Environmental Engineering, 2018, Texas Tech University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2346/82106

► Sediment capping is currently considered one of the most convenient and efficient risk containment strategy for conatminated sediments. Conventional capping consists of placing one or… (more)

▼ Sediment capping is currently considered one of the most convenient and efficient risk containment strategy for conatminated sediments. Conventional capping consists of placing one or more layers of inert materials on top of the contaminated sediment, retarding the flux of the pollutants to the water body and shielding the sediments from erosion or resuspension. The introduction of adsorbent materials promotes sequestration of the contaminants onto the capping media, but aging or leaks can affect the efficiency of such a reactive-cap. In a bioreactive capping, the use of an adsorbent material suitable for microbial colonization, facilitates both sequesteration and biodegradation of the contaminant. The aim of study is to experimentally evaluate the extent to which capping media selection affects bioactivity in model capping systems. Bench top laboratory studies investigated biological activity in model systems consisting of conventional capping materials (granular activated carbon [GAC], organoclay, and sand), mineral media, pore water extracted from contaminated sediments, electron acceptors (oxygen, nitrate, sulfate and iron) and the electron donor, naphthalene (a model polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon). Microcosms were prepared and inoculated with microbial enrichements prepared with contaminated sediments collected from a river adjacent to a former manufactured gas plant. Concentrations of naphthalene and nahAc gene (encoding a dioxygenase associated with aerobic biotransformation of PAHs), were monitored for 100. Experimental data were collected and modeled; the relative kinetic rates were used to evaluate efficiencies of the different capping materials. Results suggest that GAC was the most efficient of the capping materials tested. Data showed that naphthalene concentration decreases only in oxic sediment-cap systems during the observation time, and naphthalene decay was statistically significant in oxic microcosms prepared with GAC. Abundance of the nahAc gene was sustained in oxic microcosms prepared with GAC and sand. Within oxic sediment-cap systems, a relationship between the naphthalene mass in solution and the gene copy numbers was observed in the microcosms prepared with activated carbon. This suggests that the nature of the capping material affected the interaction between abundance of a catabolic gene (nahAc) and concentration of the substrate (naphthalene). Advisors/Committee Members: Millerick, Kayleigh (advisor), Reible, Danny D. (committee member), Jackson, W. Andrew (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Biodegradation; sediment; capping

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APA (6^th Edition):

-0881-9948. (2018). Master of Science. (Masters Thesis). Texas Tech University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2346/82106

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

-0881-9948. “Master of Science.” 2018. Masters Thesis, Texas Tech University. Accessed March 02, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2346/82106.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

-0881-9948. “Master of Science.” 2018. Web. 02 Mar 2021.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete

Vancouver:

-0881-9948. Master of Science. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas Tech University; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 02]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2346/82106.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete

Council of Science Editors:

-0881-9948. Master of Science. [Masters Thesis]. Texas Tech University; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2346/82106

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete

Oregon State University

16. Weber, Ryan A. Uptake and metabolism of the explosive RDX by the marine seaweeds Portieria hornemannii and Acrosiphonia coalita, and uptake of the explosive TNT by algal extracts of Portieria hornemannii.

Degree: MS, Chemical Engineering, 2008, Oregon State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/8937

► This study examines the interactions between explosive environmental contaminants and marine seaweeds. The scope of this thesis includes studies done on the explosive RDX with… (more)

▼ This study examines the interactions between explosive environmental contaminants and marine seaweeds. The scope of this thesis includes studies done on the explosive RDX with tissue cultures of marine seaweeds, as well as studies on the explosive TNT with seaweed extracts. The ability of two different marine species of macroalgae to take up and metabolize the nitroheterocyclic explosive RDX was examined. RDX uptake was analyzed using axenic microplantlet suspension culture systems of the red tropical seaweed Portieria hornemannii and the green temperate seaweed Acrosiphonia coalita. Algal tissue cultures were challenged with seawater containing an RDX concentration of 9.0 mg/L for an exposure time of 170 hours. The photosynthetic viability of the two different marine seaweeds was monitored using chlorophyll a fluorescence techniques. The photosynthetic viability study subjected suspension cultures of algal biomass to RDX concentrations of 9.0 and 18 mg/L for a duration of 40 minutes. Algal suspensions of the marine seaweeds Portieria and Acrosiphonia did not take up or metabolize the nitroheterocyclic explosive RDX. Furthermore RDX was not shown to have any effect on the photosynthetic viability of chlorophyll a fluorescence. The photosynthetic fluorescence parameter Fv/Fm did not change over short time periods of exposure to RDX. None of the associated chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters changed upon exposure to RDX concentrations of 9.0 mg/L and 18 mg/L. In conclustion these studies suggest that RDX cannot be bioremediated by macroalgae. Furthermore, RDX poses no toxic threat to photosynthesis of macroalgae. The ability of crude and soluble extracts of the red tropical marine seaweed Portieria hornemannii to biotransform the aromatic explosive TNT into reductive metabolites was investigated. Crude extracts are defined as ground and homogenized algal tissue in phosphate buffer. Soluble extracts are defined as the decanted supernatant of crude extracts that have been centrifuged at 15,000 g for 10 minutes. The coenzymes NADPH and NADH were added as reducing agents to both the soluble and crude extracts. Crude and water soluble extracts of Portieria were shown to take up the aromatic explosive TNT. However no reductive biotransformation products of TNT, 2-ADNT and 4-ADNT were found in the liquid phase. A simple model for TNT binding to amine-rich proteins in the algal biomass constituents was developed to account for removal of TNT from the liquid phase by both soluble and crude extracts of Portieria. TNT binding in crude extracts accounted for 92 % of the TNT in the liquid phase, whereas 34% of the TNT could be accounted for in crude extracts containing the coenzyme NADPH. The binding model accounted for all the TNT removal in soluble extracts. The addition of the coenzymes NADPH and NADH was shown to have no effect on TNT reduction by soluble extracts. In conclusion, these studies suggest that Portieria extracts are not capable of metabolizing TNT. However algal detritus does have a finite capacity for TNT… Advisors/Committee Members: Rorrer, Gregory L (advisor), Kelly, Christine (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Explosive; Explosives – Biodegradation

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APA (6^th Edition):

Weber, R. A. (2008). Uptake and metabolism of the explosive RDX by the marine seaweeds Portieria hornemannii and Acrosiphonia coalita, and uptake of the explosive TNT by algal extracts of Portieria hornemannii. (Masters Thesis). Oregon State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1957/8937

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Weber, Ryan A. “Uptake and metabolism of the explosive RDX by the marine seaweeds Portieria hornemannii and Acrosiphonia coalita, and uptake of the explosive TNT by algal extracts of Portieria hornemannii.” 2008. Masters Thesis, Oregon State University. Accessed March 02, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/8937.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Weber, Ryan A. “Uptake and metabolism of the explosive RDX by the marine seaweeds Portieria hornemannii and Acrosiphonia coalita, and uptake of the explosive TNT by algal extracts of Portieria hornemannii.” 2008. Web. 02 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Weber RA. Uptake and metabolism of the explosive RDX by the marine seaweeds Portieria hornemannii and Acrosiphonia coalita, and uptake of the explosive TNT by algal extracts of Portieria hornemannii. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Oregon State University; 2008. [cited 2021 Mar 02]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/8937.

Council of Science Editors:

Weber RA. Uptake and metabolism of the explosive RDX by the marine seaweeds Portieria hornemannii and Acrosiphonia coalita, and uptake of the explosive TNT by algal extracts of Portieria hornemannii. [Masters Thesis]. Oregon State University; 2008. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/8937

Montana State University

17. Cornachione, Matthew Aaron. Reversible fuel cell performance and degradation.

Degree: MS, College of Engineering, 2011, Montana State University

URL: https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/1111

► This thesis presents the development of a test stand to characterize the performance of reversible solid oxide fuel cells. The test stand was used in… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Fuel cells.; Biodegradation.

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APA (6^th Edition):

Cornachione, M. A. (2011). Reversible fuel cell performance and degradation. (Masters Thesis). Montana State University. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/1111

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Cornachione, Matthew Aaron. “Reversible fuel cell performance and degradation.” 2011. Masters Thesis, Montana State University. Accessed March 02, 2021. https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/1111.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Cornachione, Matthew Aaron. “Reversible fuel cell performance and degradation.” 2011. Web. 02 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Cornachione MA. Reversible fuel cell performance and degradation. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Montana State University; 2011. [cited 2021 Mar 02]. Available from: https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/1111.

Council of Science Editors:

Cornachione MA. Reversible fuel cell performance and degradation. [Masters Thesis]. Montana State University; 2011. Available from: https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/1111

University of North Texas

18. Vidhate, Shailesh. Biodegradable Poly(hydroxy Butyrate-co-valerate) Nanocomposites And Blends With Poly(butylene Adipate-co-terephthalate) For Sensor Applications.

Degree: 2011, University of North Texas

URL: https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc103405/

► The utilization of biodegradable polymers is critical for developing “cradle to cradle” mindset with ecological, social and economic consequences. Poly(hydroxy butyrate-co-valerate) (PHBV) shows significant potential… (more)

▼ The utilization of biodegradable polymers is critical for developing “cradle to cradle” mindset with ecological, social and economic consequences. Poly(hydroxy butyrate-co-valerate) (PHBV) shows significant potential for many applications with a polypropylene equivalent mechanical performance. However, it has limitations including high crystallinity, brittleness, small processing window, etc. which need to be overcome before converting them into useful products. Further the development of biodegradable strain sensing polymer sensors for structural health monitoring has been a growing need. In this dissertation I utilize carbon nanotubes as a self sensing dispersed nanofiller. The impact of its addition on PHBV and a blend of PHBV with poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) polymer was examined. Nanocomposites and blends of PHBV, PBAT, and MWCNTs were prepared by melt-blending. The effect of MWCNTs on PHBV crystallinity, crystalline phase, quasi-static and dynamic mechanical property was studied concurrently with piezoresistive response. In PHBV/PBAT blends a rare phenomenon of melting point elevation by the addition of low melting point PBAT was observed. The blends of these two semicrystalline aliphatic and aromatic polyesters were investigated by using differential scanning calorimetry, small angle X-ray scattering, dynamic mechanical analysis, surface energy measurement by contact angle method, polarized optical and scanning electron microscopy, and rheology. The study revealed a transition of immiscible blend compositions to miscible blend compositions across the 0-100 composition range. PHBV10, 20, and 30 were determined to be miscible blends based on a single Tg and rheological properties. The inter-relation between stress, strain, morphological structure and piezoresistive response of MWCNT filled PHBV and PHBV/PBAT blend system was thoroughly investigated. The outcomes of piezoreistivity study indicated MWCNT filled PHBV and PHBV/PBAT blend system as a viable technology for structural health monitoring. Finally, the compostability of pure polymer, blend system, and MWCNT filled system was studied indicating that PBAT and CNT decreased the biodegradability of PHBV with CNT being a better contributor than PBAT. Advisors/Committee Members: D'Souza, Nandika Anne, 1967-, Vaidyanathan, Vijay, Brostow, Witold, 1934-, Shepherd, Nigel, Bouanani, Mohamed El.

Subjects/Keywords: PHBV; blends; biodegradation

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APA (6^th Edition):

Vidhate, S. (2011). Biodegradable Poly(hydroxy Butyrate-co-valerate) Nanocomposites And Blends With Poly(butylene Adipate-co-terephthalate) For Sensor Applications. (Thesis). University of North Texas. Retrieved from https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc103405/

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Vidhate, Shailesh. “Biodegradable Poly(hydroxy Butyrate-co-valerate) Nanocomposites And Blends With Poly(butylene Adipate-co-terephthalate) For Sensor Applications.” 2011. Thesis, University of North Texas. Accessed March 02, 2021. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc103405/.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Vidhate, Shailesh. “Biodegradable Poly(hydroxy Butyrate-co-valerate) Nanocomposites And Blends With Poly(butylene Adipate-co-terephthalate) For Sensor Applications.” 2011. Web. 02 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Vidhate S. Biodegradable Poly(hydroxy Butyrate-co-valerate) Nanocomposites And Blends With Poly(butylene Adipate-co-terephthalate) For Sensor Applications. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of North Texas; 2011. [cited 2021 Mar 02]. Available from: https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc103405/.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Vidhate S. Biodegradable Poly(hydroxy Butyrate-co-valerate) Nanocomposites And Blends With Poly(butylene Adipate-co-terephthalate) For Sensor Applications. [Thesis]. University of North Texas; 2011. Available from: https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc103405/

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Queens University

19. Sun, Bozhi. Rhizosphere/Soil Microorganisms in the Phytoremediation of Biphenyl and Dioxane .

Degree: Chemical Engineering, 2015, Queens University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1974/13474

► Biphenyl and dioxane biodegradation by poplar and willow rhizosphere microorganisms was studied in a phytoremediation test-plot contaminated with biphenyl and dioxane. A dioxane-degrading consortium enriched… (more)

▼ Biphenyl and dioxane biodegradation by poplar and willow rhizosphere microorganisms was studied in a phytoremediation test-plot contaminated with biphenyl and dioxane. A dioxane-degrading consortium enriched from the contaminated rhizosphere soil did not use dioxane as the sole source of carbon and energy, but did co-metabolize dioxane in the presence of tetrahydrofuran (THF). An isolate obtained on agar plates containing basal salts and glucose grew on glucose and co-metabolically degraded dioxane after THF degradation. The rate and extent of dioxane degradation by this particular isolate increased with increasing THF concentration. This isolate was subsequently identified as a Flavobacterium by 16S rDNA sequencing. This is the first report of a dioxane-degrading Flavobacterium which is phylogenetically distinct from any previously identified dioxane degrader. Rhizosphere microorganisms in the phytoremediation test-plot were capable of degrading biphenyl in the presence of the terminal electron acceptors (TEAs) nitrate, sulfate or carbon dioxide. TEAs (sulfate and carbon dioxide), nutrients in basal salts medium (BSM) or fertilizer enhanced biphenyl degradation. Although root exudates appeared to enhance biphenyl degradation slightly, it was not statistically significant (p > 0.10). A fungus enriched and isolated from the rhizosphere soil, was found to degrade biphenyl under anaerobic conditions only. The fungus was identified by a primer pair ITS4 and ITS1F as Pseudallescheria boydii. The microbial community in the rhizosphere of the poplar and willow trees was sampled from different soil locations in the test-plot over a 5-year period. The denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) results indicated that soil type had a significant impact on microbial community composition with a more diverse microbial population in native soil samples than in engineered soil samples. Although tree type had less influence on microbial diversity, diversity did decrease with time in the engineered soil of the willow rhizosphere. There was no significant influence of soil depth on the microbial community. Three aerobic biphenyl-degrading consortia were enriched from different rhizosphere soils, and the major microorganisms found in the enriched consortia were identified by 16S DNA sequencing as being in the family of Flavobacteriaceae, Alcaligenaceae, and Mycobacteriaceae. Direct polymerase chain reaction (DPCR) without prior DNA extraction and DGGE yielded the same results as PCR assays using extracted DNA in the analysis of microbial populations in dioxane- and biphenyl-degrading consortia. Therefore, the combination of DPCR and DGGE has the potential for the fast analysis of the microbial populations of environmental and clinical samples with limited diversity.

Subjects/Keywords: Chemical Engineering ; Biodegradation

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Sun, B. (2015). Rhizosphere/Soil Microorganisms in the Phytoremediation of Biphenyl and Dioxane . (Thesis). Queens University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1974/13474

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Sun, Bozhi. “Rhizosphere/Soil Microorganisms in the Phytoremediation of Biphenyl and Dioxane .” 2015. Thesis, Queens University. Accessed March 02, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/13474.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Sun, Bozhi. “Rhizosphere/Soil Microorganisms in the Phytoremediation of Biphenyl and Dioxane .” 2015. Web. 02 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Sun B. Rhizosphere/Soil Microorganisms in the Phytoremediation of Biphenyl and Dioxane . [Internet] [Thesis]. Queens University; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 02]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1974/13474.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Sun B. Rhizosphere/Soil Microorganisms in the Phytoremediation of Biphenyl and Dioxane . [Thesis]. Queens University; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1974/13474

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Rutgers University

20. LIU, JIE, 1988-. Discovering the organohalide respiring capacity of Deltaproteobacteria in marine and estuarine environments.

Degree: PhD, Microbial Biology, 2019, Rutgers University

URL: https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/60034/

►

Organohalides are widespread in the environment from both anthropogenic and natural sources. The marine environment is a major reservoir of organohalides, particularly organobromides. Organohalide respiration… (more)

▼

Organohalides are widespread in the environment from both anthropogenic and natural sources. The marine environment is a major reservoir of organohalides, particularly organobromides. Organohalide respiration is the process mediated by bacteria that utilize organohalides as electron acceptors for energy conservation. This process is of importance in the degradation organohalide pollutants and the overall organohalide cycle. The objective of this study was to investigate the ecophysiology of organohalide respiring bacteria (OHRBs) with a focus on examining their utilization of organobromine compounds, evaluating their substrate range and activity under different conditions, and determining their reductive dehalogenase gene diversity and gene expression. Investigation of Desulfoluna spongiiphila, a marine sponge associated organobromide-respiring bacterium, revealed that the expression of one reductive dehalogenase gene was significantly upregulated in response to bromophenol and sponge extracts. The transcriptomic and proteomic analysis further confirmed the function of this reductive dehalogenase gene in reductive dehalogenation of bromophenol. Two bacterial strains with organobromide respiring ability were isolated from New Jersey estuarine sediments, which are representatives of a novel Halodesulfovibrio species. Three reductive dehalogenase genes are present in their genomes, one of which showed significant upregulation in gene expression in response to bromophenols. In addition, the overall organohalide respiring capacity of members of the Class Deltaproteobacteria was evaluated by surveying the genome database for the prevalence of reductive dehalogenase genes in their genomes. Result showed that approximately 10% of Deltaproteobacteria contain reductive dehalogenase genes in their genomes, which is an indicator for potential organohalide respiring ability. Three of these strains were experimentally confirmed to have organobromide respiring ability. In total, six organobromide respiring Deltaproteobacteria, all marine or estuarine origin, were investigated in this study. One common reductive dehalogenase gene cluster (namely brp gene) was present in all the genomes and the expression of brpA gene was significantly upregulated in the presence of bromophenols in all the strains. This study highlights the potential role of Deltaproteobacteria in the marine organohalide cycle.

Advisors/Committee Members: Häggblom, Max M (chair), Kerkhof, Lee (internal member), Vetriani, Costantino (internal member), Fennell, Donna (outside member), School of Graduate Studies.

Subjects/Keywords: Biodegradation; Bacteria – Morphology

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APA (6^th Edition):

LIU, JIE, 1. (2019). Discovering the organohalide respiring capacity of Deltaproteobacteria in marine and estuarine environments. (Doctoral Dissertation). Rutgers University. Retrieved from https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/60034/

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

LIU, JIE, 1988-. “Discovering the organohalide respiring capacity of Deltaproteobacteria in marine and estuarine environments.” 2019. Doctoral Dissertation, Rutgers University. Accessed March 02, 2021. https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/60034/.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

LIU, JIE, 1988-. “Discovering the organohalide respiring capacity of Deltaproteobacteria in marine and estuarine environments.” 2019. Web. 02 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

LIU, JIE 1. Discovering the organohalide respiring capacity of Deltaproteobacteria in marine and estuarine environments. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Rutgers University; 2019. [cited 2021 Mar 02]. Available from: https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/60034/.

Council of Science Editors:

LIU, JIE 1. Discovering the organohalide respiring capacity of Deltaproteobacteria in marine and estuarine environments. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Rutgers University; 2019. Available from: https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/60034/

Rutgers University

21. Heenan, Jeffrey William, 1987-. Geo-electrical monitoring of hydrocarbon degradation.

Degree: PhD, Environmental Science, 2017, Rutgers University

URL: https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/61580/

►

The current focus on identifying and remediating contamination calls for further investigation into methods that can be used to efficiently characterize subsurface conditions and monitor… (more)

▼

The current focus on identifying and remediating contamination calls for further investigation into methods that can be used to efficiently characterize subsurface conditions and monitor degradation processes. The primary focus of this research is the latter. Electrical geophysical methods have been well documented as a tool to map aquifers and contaminant plumes, and the same principles that allow for those surveys to be successful allow for these methods to be beneficial for monitoring the progress of remediation. Chemical and physical changes in the subsurface, known to result from biodegradation processes, could be monitored using these methods in situ.This research provides several examples of these methods being effective in monitoring biodegradation. Spectral induced polarization measurements collected over time in a column experiment demonstrate the sensitivity of the method to processes related to microbial induced oil break up, as a result of microbial enhanced oil recovery processes. In another study taking place over the course of approximately 18 months, a progressive decrease in the resistivity of a massive oil spill (Deepwater Horizon) impacted region was observed. Advanced analysis of resistivity variations within the imaged area showed that long-term decreases in resistivity were largely associated with the impacted sediments. Finally, self potential measurements collected at a mature oil spill site, where bioremediation is known to have occurred, showed a measureable, biogeobattery related, response. In all cases, these methods showed the sensitivity of electrical geophysical methods to biodegradation processes. This demonstrates the potential utility of these methods being used an effect monitoring tool to be used in complement with more invasive and expensive chemical/biological testing.

Advisors/Committee Members: Heenan, Jeffrey William, 1987- (author), Ntarlagiannas, Dimitrios (chair), Slater, Lee (internal member), Atekwana, Estella (outside member), Werkema, Dale (outside member).

Subjects/Keywords: Biogeophyiscs; Biodegradation; Bioremediation

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Heenan, Jeffrey William, 1. (2017). Geo-electrical monitoring of hydrocarbon degradation. (Doctoral Dissertation). Rutgers University. Retrieved from https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/61580/

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Heenan, Jeffrey William, 1987-. “Geo-electrical monitoring of hydrocarbon degradation.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, Rutgers University. Accessed March 02, 2021. https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/61580/.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Heenan, Jeffrey William, 1987-. “Geo-electrical monitoring of hydrocarbon degradation.” 2017. Web. 02 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Heenan, Jeffrey William 1. Geo-electrical monitoring of hydrocarbon degradation. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Rutgers University; 2017. [cited 2021 Mar 02]. Available from: https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/61580/.

Council of Science Editors:

Heenan, Jeffrey William 1. Geo-electrical monitoring of hydrocarbon degradation. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Rutgers University; 2017. Available from: https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/61580/

University of Manchester

22. Mollasalehi, Somayeh. Fungal biodegradation of polyvinyl alcohol in soil and compost environments.

Degree: PhD, 2013, University of Manchester

URL: https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/fungal-biodegradation-of-polyvinyl-alcohol-in-soil-and-compost-environments(83f0d3a8-c24a-400b-b297-57d165fbd97c).html ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.588131

► For over 50 years, synthetic petrochemical-based plastics have been produced in ever growing volumes globally and since their first commercial introduction; they have been continually… (more)

▼ For over 50 years, synthetic petrochemical-based plastics have been produced in ever growing volumes globally and since their first commercial introduction; they have been continually developed with regards to quality, colour, durability, and resistance. With some exceptions, such as polyurethanes, most plastics are very stable and are not readily degraded when they enter the ground as waste, taking decades to biodegrade and therefore are major pollutants of terrestrial and marine ecosystems. During the last thirty years, extensive research has been conducted to develop biodegradable plastics as more environmentally benign alternatives to traditional plastic polymers. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is a water-soluble polymer which has recently attracted interest for the manufacture of biodegradable plastic materials. PVA is widely used as a paper coating, in adhesives and films, as a finishing agent in the textile industries and in forming oxygen impermeable films. Consequently, waste-water can contain a considerable amount of PVA and can contaminate the wider environment where the rate of biodegradation is slow. Despite its growing use, relatively little is known about its degradation and in particular the role of fungi in this process. In this study, a number of fungal strains capable of degrading PVA from uncontaminated soil from eight different sites were isolated by enrichment in mineral salts medium containing PVA as a sole carbon source and subsequently identified by sequencing the ITS and 5.8S rDNA region. The most frequently isolated fungal strains were identified as Galactomyces geotrichum, Trichosporon laibachii, Fimetariella rabenhorsti and Fusarium oxysporum. G. geotrichum was shown to grow and utilise PVA as the sole carbon source with a mean doubling time of ca. 6-7 h and was similar on PVA with molecular weight ranges of 13-23 KDa, 30-50 KDa and 85-124 KDa. When solid PVA films were buried in compost, Galactomyces geotrichum was also found to be the principal colonizing fungus at 25°C, whereas at 45°C and 55°C, the principle species recovered was the thermophile Talaromyces emersonii. ESEM revealed that the surface of the PVA films were heavily covered with fungal mycelia and DGGE analysis of the surface mycelium confirmed that the fungi recovered from the surface of the PVA film constituted the majority of the colonising fungi. When PVA was added to soil at 25°C, and in compost at 25°C and 45°C, terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) revealed that the fungal community rapidly changed over two weeks with the appearance of novel species, presumably due to selection for degraders, but returned to a population that was similar to the starting population within six weeks, indicating that PVA contamination causes a temporary shift in the fungal community.

Subjects/Keywords: 620.1; fungal biodegradation; biodeterioration; biodegradation; biodegradation of polyvinyl alcohol; polyvinyl alcohol

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Mollasalehi, S. (2013). Fungal biodegradation of polyvinyl alcohol in soil and compost environments. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Manchester. Retrieved from https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/fungal-biodegradation-of-polyvinyl-alcohol-in-soil-and-compost-environments(83f0d3a8-c24a-400b-b297-57d165fbd97c).html ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.588131

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Mollasalehi, Somayeh. “Fungal biodegradation of polyvinyl alcohol in soil and compost environments.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Manchester. Accessed March 02, 2021. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/fungal-biodegradation-of-polyvinyl-alcohol-in-soil-and-compost-environments(83f0d3a8-c24a-400b-b297-57d165fbd97c).html ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.588131.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Mollasalehi, Somayeh. “Fungal biodegradation of polyvinyl alcohol in soil and compost environments.” 2013. Web. 02 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Mollasalehi S. Fungal biodegradation of polyvinyl alcohol in soil and compost environments. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2013. [cited 2021 Mar 02]. Available from: https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/fungal-biodegradation-of-polyvinyl-alcohol-in-soil-and-compost-environments(83f0d3a8-c24a-400b-b297-57d165fbd97c).html ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.588131.

Council of Science Editors:

Mollasalehi S. Fungal biodegradation of polyvinyl alcohol in soil and compost environments. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Manchester; 2013. Available from: https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/fungal-biodegradation-of-polyvinyl-alcohol-in-soil-and-compost-environments(83f0d3a8-c24a-400b-b297-57d165fbd97c).html ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.588131

Rutgers University

23. Roberts, Aakansha Jessica. Genetic and functional characterization of biphenyl, diphenylmethane, and diphenylether degradation.

Degree: PhD, Microbial Biology, 2020, Rutgers University

URL: https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/62983/

► Diphenylmethane, biphenyl, and diphenylether are common contaminants in a former industrial site along the Passaic River with similar structures that are of interest due to… (more)

▼ Diphenylmethane, biphenyl, and diphenylether are common contaminants in a former industrial site along the Passaic River with similar structures that are of interest due to their toxicity. This work identifies strains involved in their degradation, and the genes involved in the pathways for their degradation. Based on 16s rRNA analysis three phylogenetically diverse Pseudomonas species were isolated from the contaminated site based on their ability to grow on diphenylmethane. They were named Pseudomonas sp. AJR09, Pseudomonas stutzeri AJR13, and Pseudomonas sp. AJR20. The strains were later tested on biphenyl and were found to be able to metabolize it using the same pathway as for diphenylmethane degradation. All three strains were found to contain identical dioxygenase gene sequences. The presence of the identical genes in three diverse species led us to the conclusion that the genes must be horizontally transferred in the environment. Based on the phenotype conferred by the element and the fact that one strain had previously lost the ability to grow on the substrates tested, we hypothesized that the element was an Integrative and Conjugative Element. Integrative and Conjugative Elements (ICE) are a family of mobile genetic elements that can be transferred between different cells/organisms, and once in the recipient they integrate into the host’s chromosome using specific recombination sites. One of the three strains, the P. stutzeri AJR13, was successfully mated with the well characterized P. putida KT2440 which subsequently gained the ability to grow on biphenyl, diphenylmethane, and salicylate. This demonstrated the ability of the genes to self-mobilize leading us to believe that the genes for degradation of the three compounds must be horizontally transferred in the environment. The whole genomes of the three Passaic River strains and the KT2440 recipient were sequenced and assembled to reveal that the degradative genes are indeed present on an ICE. The ICE is about 128 kb in length and inserts at a short sequence at the end of a tRNA Gly (CCC). It contains an integrase and other genes involved in the transfer of the ICE, and genes for diphenylmethane/biphenyl and salicylate degradation. It also contains a number of repeated sequences. We noticed that mutations in the ICE were necessary in order to demonstrate growth similar to the wildtype. Our work demonstrates that integrative and conjugative elements play a large role in the spread of biodegradative genes in the environment. Another aim was to characterize a dioxygenase gene involved in the degradation of diphenylether. Only a few bacteria have been isolated for growth on diphenylether (DPE) as the sole carbon and energy source. Sphingobium sp. strain SS3 is perhaps the best studied diphenylether degrading strain with characterization of the catabolic pathway in the 1990s by investigators at the University of Hamburg. The DPE catabolic pathway is initiated by a dioxygenase attack resulting in the formation of catechol and phenol. We have sequenced the SS3… Advisors/Committee Members: Zylstra, Gerben J (chair), Barkay, Tamar (internal member), Fennell, Donna E (internal member), Kukor, Jerome J (outside member), School of Graduate Studies.

Subjects/Keywords: Diphenylmethane; Biphenyl compounds – Biodegradation; Methane – Biodegradation; Ethers – Biodegradation

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APA (6^th Edition):

Roberts, A. J. (2020). Genetic and functional characterization of biphenyl, diphenylmethane, and diphenylether degradation. (Doctoral Dissertation). Rutgers University. Retrieved from https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/62983/

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Roberts, Aakansha Jessica. “Genetic and functional characterization of biphenyl, diphenylmethane, and diphenylether degradation.” 2020. Doctoral Dissertation, Rutgers University. Accessed March 02, 2021. https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/62983/.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Roberts, Aakansha Jessica. “Genetic and functional characterization of biphenyl, diphenylmethane, and diphenylether degradation.” 2020. Web. 02 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Roberts AJ. Genetic and functional characterization of biphenyl, diphenylmethane, and diphenylether degradation. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Rutgers University; 2020. [cited 2021 Mar 02]. Available from: https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/62983/.

Council of Science Editors:

Roberts AJ. Genetic and functional characterization of biphenyl, diphenylmethane, and diphenylether degradation. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Rutgers University; 2020. Available from: https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/62983/

NSYSU

24. Yu, Tsung-Lin. Biodegradation of PAHs in Diesel Fuel by Candida viswanathii in Salty Environment.

Degree: Master, Marine Environment and Engineering, 2003, NSYSU

URL: http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0629103-171040

► Taiwan is an island country. Therefore, it must depend on sea and air transport to communicate with other countried. Especially, the import and export of… (more)

▼ Taiwan is an island country. Therefore, it must depend on sea and air transport to communicate with other countried. Especially, the import and export of cargo rely on the sea transport. Nowadays, some ships still use diesel oil as fuel. During the transport, the ship is inevitable for leak, or accidents happening in marine environment. Therefore, in this research, through the man-made sifting way, we will sieve and purify the pure species bacteria, which can degrade the PAHs in diesel fuel floating on the sea surface to decrease its pollution to the marine environment. In this research, eight species of pure bacteria will be sifted to purify. After primarily degrading experiment, we found that the second species of the bacteria performed the best degrading effect. After further identification, it was known that the second species of bacteria was yeast with name of Candida viswanathii. The bacteria were then used to in this study on biodegradation of PAHs in the diesel fuel. According to the experimental results, we found that bacteria could degrade diesel fuel. The OD value and total amount of the bacteria were found to be increased, but showed less degrading effect on PAHs in diesel fuel. However, in the experiment regarding the bacteria against single kind of PAHs, it showed excellent degrading effect on Naphthalene. When the initial concentration of Napthalene was controlled at 10 mg/L, the degrading rates were 0.3 and 0.24 mg/L-day respectively, in two separate experiments. Concerned with the degrading experiment against Anthracene, learned from the chromatography diagram it was observed that the concentration controlled at 10 and 5 mg/L, the production rate of Naphthalene were measured equal to 0.049 and 0.028 mg/L-day respectively. Thus, it was concluded that Anthracene can be degraded by the bacteria, but the degrading rate was slow, and the metabolite might be Naphthalene. As for the Flouranthene, the bacteria presented no degrading effect on it. It was concluded that the bacteria might not degrading ability toward four-ring or above PAHs. In conclusion, it is quite difficult to use single species of bacteria to deal with highly-complicated organic. It is suggested that we should study more about the degrading character of every species of bacteria. After that, we can get better effect by using similar compound bacteria to deal with the PAHs in the diesel oil. Advisors/Committee Members: Ming-Shean Chou (chair), Pear-Hsiu-Ping Lin (chair), Lei Yang (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Biodegradation; PAHs

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APA (6^th Edition):

Yu, T. (2003). Biodegradation of PAHs in Diesel Fuel by Candida viswanathii in Salty Environment. (Thesis). NSYSU. Retrieved from http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0629103-171040

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Yu, Tsung-Lin. “Biodegradation of PAHs in Diesel Fuel by Candida viswanathii in Salty Environment.” 2003. Thesis, NSYSU. Accessed March 02, 2021. http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0629103-171040.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Yu, Tsung-Lin. “Biodegradation of PAHs in Diesel Fuel by Candida viswanathii in Salty Environment.” 2003. Web. 02 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Yu T. Biodegradation of PAHs in Diesel Fuel by Candida viswanathii in Salty Environment. [Internet] [Thesis]. NSYSU; 2003. [cited 2021 Mar 02]. Available from: http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0629103-171040.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Yu T. Biodegradation of PAHs in Diesel Fuel by Candida viswanathii in Salty Environment. [Thesis]. NSYSU; 2003. Available from: http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0629103-171040

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Oregon State University

25. Taylor, Anne Elizabeth. Factors controlling halogenated and nonhalogenated alkene growth substrate range of vinyl chloride-utilizing bacteria.

Degree: PhD, Civil Engineering, 2008, Oregon State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/9557

► This thesis explores the factors limiting the alkene substrate range of the vinyl chloride (VC)-utilizing bacteria, and describes a method for measuring VC transformation in… (more)

▼ This thesis explores the factors limiting the alkene substrate range of the vinyl chloride (VC)-utilizing bacteria, and describes a method for measuring VC transformation in situ. Vinyl fluoride (VF) was evaluated as a surrogate for monitoring aerobic VC-transformation utilizing three isolates, Mycobacterium EE13a, Mycobacterium JS60 and Nocardioides JS614. JS614 grew on VF in addition to VC, making it the first bacterium reported to use VF as a sole carbon and energy source. There was little difference among the three strains in Ks or kmax for VC or VF. Rates of VF transformation and F- accumulation were correlated with the rate of VC transformation through a competitive inhibition model, and showed promise for estimating VC rates in situ. Addition of supplemental ethene oxide (EtO) extended the growth substrate range of JS614 to propene, butene, and vinyl bromide (VB), whereas propene oxide (PrO) and butene oxide had no effect. Despite EtO and PrO being both inducers of AkMO and EaCoMT and intermediates in the alkene metabolic pathway, they exerted reversible inhibition on growth. Poor growth on propene was likely caused by the low rate of PrO consumption compared to PrO production which caused PrO accumulation to inhibitory levels; and reduced net reductant gain caused by a combination of PrO consumption "bottleneck" and the requirement of a NADPH-dependent CoM-carboxylase for metabolism of ≥C₃ alkenes. EtO consumption was inhibited by PrO, but overall the combined rate of EtO plus PrO consumption was better than that of PrO alone, perhaps explaining the beneficial effect of EtO as generating reductant to support growth on propene. EtO-stimulated growth on VB was significantly slower than growth rates on VF and VC, but the maximum rate of VB consumption by Eth-grown cells was actually ~50% greater. Since 30% of the maximum rate of EtO consumption accompanied the maximum rate of VB consumption, it indicated that the "epoxide consumption bottle neck" must also apply to VB-epoxide, and is likely a factor limiting effective VB metabolism. VB was more inhibitory to growth of JS614 both on acetate and during active turnover than either VC and VF. Advisors/Committee Members: Semprini, Lewis (advisor), Bottomley, Peter J (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Nocardioides JS614; Vinyl chloride – Biodegradation

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APA (6^th Edition):

Taylor, A. E. (2008). Factors controlling halogenated and nonhalogenated alkene growth substrate range of vinyl chloride-utilizing bacteria. (Doctoral Dissertation). Oregon State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1957/9557

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Taylor, Anne Elizabeth. “Factors controlling halogenated and nonhalogenated alkene growth substrate range of vinyl chloride-utilizing bacteria.” 2008. Doctoral Dissertation, Oregon State University. Accessed March 02, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/9557.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Taylor, Anne Elizabeth. “Factors controlling halogenated and nonhalogenated alkene growth substrate range of vinyl chloride-utilizing bacteria.” 2008. Web. 02 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Taylor AE. Factors controlling halogenated and nonhalogenated alkene growth substrate range of vinyl chloride-utilizing bacteria. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Oregon State University; 2008. [cited 2021 Mar 02]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/9557.

Council of Science Editors:

Taylor AE. Factors controlling halogenated and nonhalogenated alkene growth substrate range of vinyl chloride-utilizing bacteria. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Oregon State University; 2008. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/9557

26. Zaheer, rehan. Photochemical studies on photosensitizing drugs; -.

Degree: Chemistry, 2014, Aligarh Muslim University

URL: http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/28510

Abstract available newline

Bibliography p.i-xv

Advisors/Committee Members: Jawaid, Iqbal.

Subjects/Keywords: biodegradation; chlorophenols

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APA (6^th Edition):

Zaheer, r. (2014). Photochemical studies on photosensitizing drugs; -. (Thesis). Aligarh Muslim University. Retrieved from http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/28510

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Zaheer, rehan. “Photochemical studies on photosensitizing drugs; -.” 2014. Thesis, Aligarh Muslim University. Accessed March 02, 2021. http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/28510.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Zaheer, rehan. “Photochemical studies on photosensitizing drugs; -.” 2014. Web. 02 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Zaheer r. Photochemical studies on photosensitizing drugs; -. [Internet] [Thesis]. Aligarh Muslim University; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 02]. Available from: http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/28510.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Zaheer r. Photochemical studies on photosensitizing drugs; -. [Thesis]. Aligarh Muslim University; 2014. Available from: http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/28510

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of California – Irvine

27. Cheung, Yuen Ming. Biodegradation of Microcystins by Bacterial Consortia.

Degree: Engineering, 2015, University of California – Irvine

URL: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/8c01g1jj

► Increases in frequency and intensity of freshwater cyanobacterial blooms (cyanoHABs) place significant challenges to drinking water plants for human health protection from exposure to algal… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Environmental engineering; Biodegradation; Consortia; Microcystins

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APA (6^th Edition):

Cheung, Y. M. (2015). Biodegradation of Microcystins by Bacterial Consortia. (Thesis). University of California – Irvine. Retrieved from http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/8c01g1jj

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Cheung, Yuen Ming. “Biodegradation of Microcystins by Bacterial Consortia.” 2015. Thesis, University of California – Irvine. Accessed March 02, 2021. http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/8c01g1jj.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Cheung, Yuen Ming. “Biodegradation of Microcystins by Bacterial Consortia.” 2015. Web. 02 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Cheung YM. Biodegradation of Microcystins by Bacterial Consortia. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of California – Irvine; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 02]. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/8c01g1jj.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Cheung YM. Biodegradation of Microcystins by Bacterial Consortia. [Thesis]. University of California – Irvine; 2015. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/8c01g1jj

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Alberta

28. Zhao, Yi. Petrophysical properties of bitumen from the Upper Devonian Grosmont reservoir, Alberta, Canada.

Degree: MS, Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, 2009, University of Alberta

URL: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/xk81jm35n

► The Upper Devonian Grosmont reservoir in Alberta, Canada, is the single largest carbonate bitumen reservoir in the world, with an estimated 400 billion barrels of… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Biodegradation; Viscosity; Bitumen; Grosmont; Rheology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Zhao, Y. (2009). Petrophysical properties of bitumen from the Upper Devonian Grosmont reservoir, Alberta, Canada. (Masters Thesis). University of Alberta. Retrieved from https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/xk81jm35n

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Zhao, Yi. “Petrophysical properties of bitumen from the Upper Devonian Grosmont reservoir, Alberta, Canada.” 2009. Masters Thesis, University of Alberta. Accessed March 02, 2021. https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/xk81jm35n.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Zhao, Yi. “Petrophysical properties of bitumen from the Upper Devonian Grosmont reservoir, Alberta, Canada.” 2009. Web. 02 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Zhao Y. Petrophysical properties of bitumen from the Upper Devonian Grosmont reservoir, Alberta, Canada. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Alberta; 2009. [cited 2021 Mar 02]. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/xk81jm35n.

Council of Science Editors:

Zhao Y. Petrophysical properties of bitumen from the Upper Devonian Grosmont reservoir, Alberta, Canada. [Masters Thesis]. University of Alberta; 2009. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/xk81jm35n

University of Alberta

29. Wang, Nan. Ozonation and biodegradation of oil sands process water.

Degree: MS, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2011, University of Alberta

URL: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/5x21tg63p

► To ensure oil sands process water (OSPW) is suitable for discharge into the environment, advanced water treatment technologies are required. In this study, integrated ozonation-biodegradation… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: ozonation; naphthenic acid; toxicity; biodegradation

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APA (6^th Edition):

Wang, N. (2011). Ozonation and biodegradation of oil sands process water. (Masters Thesis). University of Alberta. Retrieved from https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/5x21tg63p

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Wang, Nan. “Ozonation and biodegradation of oil sands process water.” 2011. Masters Thesis, University of Alberta. Accessed March 02, 2021. https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/5x21tg63p.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Wang, Nan. “Ozonation and biodegradation of oil sands process water.” 2011. Web. 02 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Wang N. Ozonation and biodegradation of oil sands process water. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Alberta; 2011. [cited 2021 Mar 02]. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/5x21tg63p.

Council of Science Editors:

Wang N. Ozonation and biodegradation of oil sands process water. [Masters Thesis]. University of Alberta; 2011. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/5x21tg63p

Oregon State University

30. McAuliffe, David. Interaction of ethofumesate with dry soil.

Degree: PhD, Crop Science, 1983, Oregon State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/41416

► Previous studies have shown loss of ethofumesate activity when the herbicide was applied to dry soil (2% w/w moisture content) in both field and greenhouse… (more)

▼ Previous studies have shown loss of ethofumesate activity when the herbicide was applied to dry soil (2% w/w moisture content) in both field and greenhouse studies, even when rainfall or irrigation was received within a few days. Laboratory studies were conducted to determine the mechanism for this activity loss. Dry soils (Woodburn silt loam, 2% moisture) were treated with 20 ppmw radiolabeled ethofumesate and were either wetted immediately to 35% moisture or remained dry for 4 days before wetting. After equilibration, the soil samples were centrifuged to extract the soil solution for analysis. Radiolabeled ethofumesate and degradation products in the soil solution were separated by thin-layer and column chromatography and assayed by liquid scintillation. Ethofumesate and metabolites also were extracted with methanol 4 days after herbicide application from both dry and wetted soils. After extraction, the soil samples were oxidized to determine the quantity of radioactivity remaining in the soil. Ethofumesate degradation, as affected by soil moisture, pH, temperature, and the length of time soils remained dry after herbicide application, was studied in a Woodburn soil. Several soil moisture levels were maintained between 0.7 and 6.7% (w/w) by placing soil samples in desiccators at various relative humidities. To ascertain the effect of pH, the soil reaction was adjusted to 3.9, 4.9, 7.0, 8.0, and 9.0 prior to drying and treatment. The influence of soil temperature on degradation was determined by incubating dry soil samples at temperatures from 20 to 50 C and constant relative humidity. The time period between ethofumesate application and soil wetting was varied between 0 and 8 days to study the rate of ethofumesate degradation. To determine the effect of soil type, the herbicide was applied to air-dried Woodburn, Dayton, Madras, and Agency soils. All soil samples were treated with 20 ppmw ethofumesate. Ethofumesate applied to soil that remained dry for 4 days degraded in significant quantities to two metabolites, while little ethofumesate degraded in soils wetted immediately. The major metabolite accounted for more than 80% of the degradation products and was identified by gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy to be an oxidation product, 2, 3- dihydro- 3,3- dimethyl- 2- oxo -5- benzofuranyl methanesulfonate. The second metabolite was not identified. The percentage of applied ethofumesate that was tightly adsorbed, not extracted with methanol, was at least 5% greater for applications to soils that remained dry than for soils that were wetted immediately.. Soil moisture levels substantially influenced metabolite formation. Increasing moisture contents to greater than 3% (w/w) reduced degradation to negligible levels. Rapid ethofumesate degradation occurred at soil moisture levels between 1 and 3%. Metabolites were detected 1 day after application to soils at 2% moisture content and as much as 18% of the ethofumesate was degraded in 4 days. Degradation was four to five… Advisors/Committee Members: Appleby, Arnold P. (advisor), Moore, Thomas (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Herbicides – Biodegradation

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

McAuliffe, D. (1983). Interaction of ethofumesate with dry soil. (Doctoral Dissertation). Oregon State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1957/41416

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

McAuliffe, David. “Interaction of ethofumesate with dry soil.” 1983. Doctoral Dissertation, Oregon State University. Accessed March 02, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/41416.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

McAuliffe, David. “Interaction of ethofumesate with dry soil.” 1983. Web. 02 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

McAuliffe D. Interaction of ethofumesate with dry soil. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Oregon State University; 1983. [cited 2021 Mar 02]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/41416.

Council of Science Editors:

McAuliffe D. Interaction of ethofumesate with dry soil. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Oregon State University; 1983. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/41416

Open Access Theses and Dissertations