subject:(Benzodiazepines)

University College Cork

1. Murphy, Kevin D. Substance misuse in young people in Ireland - a focus on benzodiazepines.

Degree: 2014, University College Cork

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10468/1903

► Benzodiazepines are a class of drugs that are prescribed for the treatment of anxiety and insomnia. Due to the powerful tolerance that can develop as… (more)

▼ Benzodiazepines are a class of drugs that are prescribed for the treatment of anxiety and insomnia. Due to the powerful tolerance that can develop as a result of sustained use, benzodiazepines can also be dependence-forming. Benzodiazepine dependence can occur from prescribed and from recreational use, and is a significant issue for young people. The consequences of benzodiazepine dependence include cognitive and learning impairment, depressive symptoms, and increased suicide risk. Despite these risks, the nature of youth benzodiazepine use has not been explored to the same extent as other drugs. A review of existing Irish literature revealed that benzodiazepines are one of the five most recreationally-used drugs among young people. Analyses of young people attending a treatment centre indicated that young attendees from urban areas were more likely to be referred to the centre because of benzodiazepines than rural attendees. Further examination of the centre’s attendees showed that regular benzodiazepine users experienced more paranoia, loss of interest in sport, and pallor than non-regular users. Analysis of benzodiazepine prescribing to young people revealed that approximately one in seven young people were prescribed benzodiazepines for periods greater than recommended by national guidelines. Young benzodiazepine users discussed in interviews that they took benzodiazepines to escape from negative feelings and that they are generally taken in a social setting. Further interviews with youth counsellors and general practitioners highlighted that both family and community attitude to benzodiazepine use can impact on a young person’s benzodiazepine usage. Suggestions for reducing benzodiazepine use such as psychological alternatives to medication, public awareness campaigns and prescribing restrictions are provided. Future research can elaborate upon this work to determine other methods of reducing youth benzodiazepine use and the damage that it causes to the young people themselves, but also to their families, their community, and society at large. Advisors/Committee Members: Byrne, Stephen, Sahm, Laura J., McCarthy, Suzanne.

Subjects/Keywords: Benzodiazepines; Young people; Substance misuse

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APA (6^th Edition):

Murphy, K. D. (2014). Substance misuse in young people in Ireland - a focus on benzodiazepines. (Thesis). University College Cork. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10468/1903

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Murphy, Kevin D. “Substance misuse in young people in Ireland - a focus on benzodiazepines.” 2014. Thesis, University College Cork. Accessed March 06, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10468/1903.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Murphy, Kevin D. “Substance misuse in young people in Ireland - a focus on benzodiazepines.” 2014. Web. 06 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Murphy KD. Substance misuse in young people in Ireland - a focus on benzodiazepines. [Internet] [Thesis]. University College Cork; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 06]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10468/1903.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Murphy KD. Substance misuse in young people in Ireland - a focus on benzodiazepines. [Thesis]. University College Cork; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10468/1903

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Victoria

2. McNamara, Robert Keith. An enquiry into the neurochemical, neuroanatomical, and electrophysiological basis of benzodiazepine-induced spatial learning deficits in the rat.

Degree: Department of Psychology, 2018, University of Victoria

URL: https://dspace.library.uvic.ca//handle/1828/9582

► Benzodiazepine (BZ) drugs, such as diazepam (Valium®) and chlordiazepoxide (Librium®), are widely prescribed for their sedative/anxiolytic properties but also impair mnemonic processes in both humans… (more)

▼ Benzodiazepine (BZ) drugs, such as diazepam (Valium®) and chlordiazepoxide (Librium®), are widely prescribed for their sedative/anxiolytic properties but also impair mnemonic processes in both humans and animals. In the Morris water maze, an aversively motivated spatial learning task, BZs impair spatial learning but spare retention/performance. This spatial learning deficit cannot be attributed to sedation, gross sensorimotor impairments, hypothermia, state-dependent learning, or reductions of escape motivation (anxiolysis). The following series of experiments sought to further characterize the neurochemical, neuroanatomical, and electrophysiological substrates of BZ-induced impairments of spatial learning. In Experiment I, the role of endogenous BZs in spatial learning was assessed. The BZ receptor antagonists flumazenil (Ro 15-1788) and CGS 8216, as well as the BZ receptor inverse-agonist β-carboline, enhanced spatial learning in an inverted-U dose-dependent manner, suggesting that endogenously released BZs impede optimal learning. In Experiment II, the role of the BZ ω1 receptor subtype in spatial learning was assessed. CL 218,872, a selective agonist for the BZ ω1 receptor subtype, impaired spatial learning in a dose-dependent and flumazenil-reversible manner, thereby implicating the ω1 receptor subtype in BZ-induced amnesia. Together these results suggest that endogenous BZs activity, like BZ drugs, is detrimental to spatial learning and that specific BZ receptors mediate this impairment. Several neurochemical systems are important for spatial learning in the MWM and arc influenced by BZs. The contributions of two of these neurochemical systems, the opioids and acetylcholine (ACh), to the spatial learning deficit produced by BZs were assessed. In Experiment III, a better understanding of the role of opioid systems in spatial learning was sought. Morphine, a prototypical opioid, impaired spatial learning in a dose-dependent and naloxone-reversible manner. However, morphine also impaired performance and escape to a visible platform and its effects on spatial learning could be attenuated by increasing the escape incentive (colder water). This impairment pattern suggests that morphine impairs spatial learning by reducing escape motivation. Because both BZs and cold water immersion increase endogenous opioid activity, it seemed possible that the combination of drug- and water-induced opioid release might mediate the spatial learning deficit produced by BZs. In Experiment IV, naloxone, an opioid receptor antagonist, completely blocked the spatial learning deficit produced by morphine but failed, even at a higher dose, to block the spatial learning deficit produced by diazepam . Conversely, flumazenil, a BZ receptor antagonist, completely blocked the spatial learning deficit produced by diazepam but failed to affect the amnesic effects of morphine. Together, these findings strongly suggest that the spatial learning deficit produced by BZs is not due to enhanced opioid activity.… Advisors/Committee Members: Skelton, Ronald William (supervisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Benzodiazepines; Spatial behavior in animals

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APA (6^th Edition):

McNamara, R. K. (2018). An enquiry into the neurochemical, neuroanatomical, and electrophysiological basis of benzodiazepine-induced spatial learning deficits in the rat. (Thesis). University of Victoria. Retrieved from https://dspace.library.uvic.ca//handle/1828/9582

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

McNamara, Robert Keith. “An enquiry into the neurochemical, neuroanatomical, and electrophysiological basis of benzodiazepine-induced spatial learning deficits in the rat.” 2018. Thesis, University of Victoria. Accessed March 06, 2021. https://dspace.library.uvic.ca//handle/1828/9582.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

McNamara, Robert Keith. “An enquiry into the neurochemical, neuroanatomical, and electrophysiological basis of benzodiazepine-induced spatial learning deficits in the rat.” 2018. Web. 06 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

McNamara RK. An enquiry into the neurochemical, neuroanatomical, and electrophysiological basis of benzodiazepine-induced spatial learning deficits in the rat. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Victoria; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 06]. Available from: https://dspace.library.uvic.ca//handle/1828/9582.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

McNamara RK. An enquiry into the neurochemical, neuroanatomical, and electrophysiological basis of benzodiazepine-induced spatial learning deficits in the rat. [Thesis]. University of Victoria; 2018. Available from: https://dspace.library.uvic.ca//handle/1828/9582

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Arizona

3. Duerson, Kevin Collin, 1958-. Subcellular distribution and binding characterization of the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor in the rat liver .

Degree: 1988, University of Arizona

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276794

► The peripheral benzodiazepine receptor (PBZ) population in the rat liver has been kinetically and pharmacologically characterized. These data revealed a receptor with a dissociation constant… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Benzodiazepines – Receptors.

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APA (6^th Edition):

Duerson, Kevin Collin, 1. (1988). Subcellular distribution and binding characterization of the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor in the rat liver . (Masters Thesis). University of Arizona. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276794

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Duerson, Kevin Collin, 1958-. “Subcellular distribution and binding characterization of the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor in the rat liver .” 1988. Masters Thesis, University of Arizona. Accessed March 06, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276794.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Duerson, Kevin Collin, 1958-. “Subcellular distribution and binding characterization of the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor in the rat liver .” 1988. Web. 06 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Duerson, Kevin Collin 1. Subcellular distribution and binding characterization of the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor in the rat liver . [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Arizona; 1988. [cited 2021 Mar 06]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276794.

Council of Science Editors:

Duerson, Kevin Collin 1. Subcellular distribution and binding characterization of the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor in the rat liver . [Masters Thesis]. University of Arizona; 1988. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276794

University of British Columbia

4. Borel, Anthony Gerard Francis. The metabolic profiling of clobazam in rats.

Degree: MS- MSc, Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1990, University of British Columbia

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28921

► Clobazam (CLBZ) is a 1,5-benzodiazepine with potent anticonvulsant activity. The metabolism of this drug was investigated in the rat and in vitro with the aid… (more)

▼ Clobazam (CLBZ) is a 1,5-benzodiazepine with potent anticonvulsant activity. The metabolism of this drug was investigated in the rat and in vitro with the aid of stable isotope-labelled analogues and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GCMS). Pentadeuteriophenyl CLBZ [²H₅]CLBZ was synthesized in essentially quantitative isotopic purity, and characterized by ¹H-NMR and GCMS. Of the five steps involved in the synthesis of [²H₅]CLBZ, the most susceptible to deuterium exchange was the nucleophilic substitution of 2,4-dichloronitrobenzene by aniline-d₇ to form N-(5-chloro-2-nitrophenyl)pentadeuteriophenylamine 18. In this step, the isotopic impurity aniline-2,3,4,5,-d₅ introduced protons from nitrogen into the ortho and para positions of the deuteriophenyl ring of 18. Phenol and catechol metabolites of CLBZ and N-desmethylclobazam (DMC) were synthesized according to the method used for [²H₅]CLBZ using 4-methoxyaniline and 3,4-dimethoxyaniline as starting materials. The methyl ether protecting group was well-suited for the synthetic procedure and was cleanly removed under mild conditions with BBr₃ to afford the phenols and catechols in good yield. The 0-methylated catechols of CLBZ and DMC were enzymatically synthesized from the catechol analogues of CLBZ and DMC using rat liver cytosol as a source of catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT) and S-adenosyl-L-methionine as the methyl donor. A meta/para O-methylation ratio of 2 was obtained from the CLBZ catechol. Condensation of formaldehyde with DMC catalyzed by K₂CO₃ produced a compound whose GCMS (EI) spectral properties were consistent with the carbinolamide, however, this compound could not be isolated because of its marginal stability. A major product for this reaction was 3-hydroxymethyl DMC which was characterized by ¹H-NMR and LCMS. Formaldehyde condensation catalyzed by KOH also afforded 3-hydroxymethyl DMC. Whether formaldehyde addition at the 3-position occurs as a kinetic product or whether it arises as a result of an equilibrium process subsequent to N-hydroxymethylation remains to be resolved. Rats were administered CLBZ:[²H₅]CLBZ as an approximate 50:50 mixture. Isotope shifts detected by GCMS allowed the following CLBZ metabolites to be identified. In bile, decreasing levels of 4'-hydroxy CLBZ, 4'-hydroxy DMC, O-methylated CLBZ catechols, 4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxy DMC and 3',4'-dihydroxy CLBZ appeared as both glucuronide and sulfate conjugates. In urine decreasing levels of the following sulfate conjugates were observed: 4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxy CLBZ, 4'-hydroxy CLBZ, 4'-hydroxy DMC and 3',4'-dihydroxy CLBZ. In bile, the glucuronides were predominant over the sulfates, whereas in urine only sulfate conjugates were detected. There was no detectable evidence of unconjugated CLBZ metabolites in bile or urine. As the biliary glucuronide and urinary sulfate, 3'-hydroxy-4'-methoxy CLBZ constituted ≤2 % of the O-methylated CLBZ catechols, whereas in bile, the sulfate conjugate of this metabolite constituted 30 %. One possible explanation for the higher levels of this…

Subjects/Keywords: Benzodiazepines – Metabolism

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APA (6^th Edition):

Borel, A. G. F. (1990). The metabolic profiling of clobazam in rats. (Masters Thesis). University of British Columbia. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28921

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Borel, Anthony Gerard Francis. “The metabolic profiling of clobazam in rats.” 1990. Masters Thesis, University of British Columbia. Accessed March 06, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28921.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Borel, Anthony Gerard Francis. “The metabolic profiling of clobazam in rats.” 1990. Web. 06 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Borel AGF. The metabolic profiling of clobazam in rats. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of British Columbia; 1990. [cited 2021 Mar 06]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28921.

Council of Science Editors:

Borel AGF. The metabolic profiling of clobazam in rats. [Masters Thesis]. University of British Columbia; 1990. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28921

5. Todsaporn Rianrungrot. Analysis of 6 Benzodiazepines in human serum by high performance liquid chromatography .

Degree: คณะวิทยาศาสตร์ ภาควิชาวิทยาศาสตร์ประยุกต์, 2009, Prince of Songkla University

URL: http://kb.psu.ac.th/psukb/handle/2016/12936

Subjects/Keywords: Benzodiazepines Analysis; Forensic pharmacology; Benzodiazepines

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APA (6^th Edition):

Rianrungrot, T. (2009). Analysis of 6 Benzodiazepines in human serum by high performance liquid chromatography . (Thesis). Prince of Songkla University. Retrieved from http://kb.psu.ac.th/psukb/handle/2016/12936

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Rianrungrot, Todsaporn. “Analysis of 6 Benzodiazepines in human serum by high performance liquid chromatography .” 2009. Thesis, Prince of Songkla University. Accessed March 06, 2021. http://kb.psu.ac.th/psukb/handle/2016/12936.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Rianrungrot, Todsaporn. “Analysis of 6 Benzodiazepines in human serum by high performance liquid chromatography .” 2009. Web. 06 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Rianrungrot T. Analysis of 6 Benzodiazepines in human serum by high performance liquid chromatography . [Internet] [Thesis]. Prince of Songkla University; 2009. [cited 2021 Mar 06]. Available from: http://kb.psu.ac.th/psukb/handle/2016/12936.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Rianrungrot T. Analysis of 6 Benzodiazepines in human serum by high performance liquid chromatography . [Thesis]. Prince of Songkla University; 2009. Available from: http://kb.psu.ac.th/psukb/handle/2016/12936

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Tasmania

6. Poorter, A. The effect of chronic Benzodiazepine use on consumer safety : accidents, injuries, and cognitive failures.

Degree: 2017, University of Tasmania

URL: https://eprints.utas.edu.au/23907/1/Poorter_whole_thesis.pdf

► Benzodiazepines are a class of medications with a broad range of pharmacological actions including anti-anxiety, muscle-relaxant, antiepileptic, hypnotic, and memory impairing effects. Benzodiazepines became a… (more)

▼ Benzodiazepines are a class of medications with a broad range of pharmacological actions including anti-anxiety, muscle-relaxant, antiepileptic, hypnotic, and memory impairing effects. Benzodiazepines became a popular medication due to their relative safety of use and their fast-acting effects. However, increasingly research has established a range of detrimental effects, including reduced efficacy over time, and cognitive and psychomotor impairment. New benzodiazepine users commonly experience cognitive side-effects including sedation, inattention, and memory problems. In recognition of the risks of using benzodiazepines, they are rarely indicated as a first line treatment, and clinical guidelines suggest that when needed they are used for the shortest duration possible and at the lowest dose required. Despite this, there is evidence that benzodiazepine use still regularly occurs for extended durations and at high dosages within Australia. Most of the research to date has examined once-off or short duration benzodiazepine use in young, healthy, benzodiazepine-naïve individuals – a group far removed from the usual benzodiazepine using population who are more often older, have a variety of health conditions, and have used benzodiazepines regularly for an extended period of time. The current study aimed to overcome some of these gaps in the literature by examining benzodiazepine use among existing consumers, as it naturally occurs in the Australian population, specifically focusing on those who use in an ongoing, chronic manner, rather than amongst carefully selected research samples. Understanding the impact of benzodiazepine use on experience of accidents, particularly whilst driving, is an important area of research. This thesis aimed to add to the existing accident literature by examining the influence of benzodiazepine use on a range of different incident severities including: cognitive failures (everyday cognitive slips or errors), minor injuries not requiring medical attention, and major accidents requiring medical attention. Three studies were undertaken: (1) an online, general population survey of chronic benzodiazepine users and their experiences of accidents, injuries, and cognitive failures (n=129), (2) an interview based study examining the unique effects of benzodiazepines on safety incidents in people who inject drugs (n=170) and (3) using the same methods and population group as Study 1, the subjective experiences and perceptions of this group were explored through a qualitative design (n=129). In both Study 1 and Study 3, respondents were divided into three categories of benzodiazepine chronicity; short-term (length of use ≤ year; daily/occasional frequency), intermittent (length of use > year; occasional frequency) and chronic (length of use > year; daily frequency). Reported benzodiazepine use was often daily, of a high dosage, and for an extended period of time. For example, the chronic users in this study had on average a duration of use spanning 8 years, used most days within a month, and had an…

Subjects/Keywords: Benzodiazepines; chronic; accidents; injuries; cognitive failures

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APA (6^th Edition):

Poorter, A. (2017). The effect of chronic Benzodiazepine use on consumer safety : accidents, injuries, and cognitive failures. (Thesis). University of Tasmania. Retrieved from https://eprints.utas.edu.au/23907/1/Poorter_whole_thesis.pdf

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Poorter, A. “The effect of chronic Benzodiazepine use on consumer safety : accidents, injuries, and cognitive failures.” 2017. Thesis, University of Tasmania. Accessed March 06, 2021. https://eprints.utas.edu.au/23907/1/Poorter_whole_thesis.pdf.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Poorter, A. “The effect of chronic Benzodiazepine use on consumer safety : accidents, injuries, and cognitive failures.” 2017. Web. 06 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Poorter A. The effect of chronic Benzodiazepine use on consumer safety : accidents, injuries, and cognitive failures. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Tasmania; 2017. [cited 2021 Mar 06]. Available from: https://eprints.utas.edu.au/23907/1/Poorter_whole_thesis.pdf.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Poorter A. The effect of chronic Benzodiazepine use on consumer safety : accidents, injuries, and cognitive failures. [Thesis]. University of Tasmania; 2017. Available from: https://eprints.utas.edu.au/23907/1/Poorter_whole_thesis.pdf

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Rhodes University

7. Mphahlele, Malose Jack. Synthetic and spectroscopic studies of 1,4-benzodiazepine analogues.

Degree: PhD, Faculty of Science, Chemistry, 1994, Rhodes University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005049

► In this project, an extensive range of benzodiazepine analogues have been synthesised via Schmidt reaction of specially prepared flavanone, 4-quinolone and l-thioflavanone precursors; nitrogen insertion… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Benzodiazepines; Tranquilizing drugs

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APA (6^th Edition):

Mphahlele, M. J. (1994). Synthetic and spectroscopic studies of 1,4-benzodiazepine analogues. (Doctoral Dissertation). Rhodes University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005049

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Mphahlele, Malose Jack. “Synthetic and spectroscopic studies of 1,4-benzodiazepine analogues.” 1994. Doctoral Dissertation, Rhodes University. Accessed March 06, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005049.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Mphahlele, Malose Jack. “Synthetic and spectroscopic studies of 1,4-benzodiazepine analogues.” 1994. Web. 06 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Mphahlele MJ. Synthetic and spectroscopic studies of 1,4-benzodiazepine analogues. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Rhodes University; 1994. [cited 2021 Mar 06]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005049.

Council of Science Editors:

Mphahlele MJ. Synthetic and spectroscopic studies of 1,4-benzodiazepine analogues. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Rhodes University; 1994. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005049

Rhodes University

8. Whittal, R D. Synthetic and spectrometric investigation of 1,4-benzoxazepines.

Degree: Faculty of Science, Chemistry, 1990, Rhodes University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005046

► Flavanone (2,3-dihydro-2-phenyl-4H-benzopyran-4-one) and a series of 4'- and 7-halogeno derivatives were prepared from the corresponding 2'-hydroxychalcones [1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-phenyl-2-propen-l-ones], which, in turn, were synthesized by aldol condensation… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Spectrum analysis; Benzodiazepines

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APA (6^th Edition):

Whittal, R. D. (1990). Synthetic and spectrometric investigation of 1,4-benzoxazepines. (Thesis). Rhodes University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005046

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Whittal, R D. “Synthetic and spectrometric investigation of 1,4-benzoxazepines.” 1990. Thesis, Rhodes University. Accessed March 06, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005046.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Whittal, R D. “Synthetic and spectrometric investigation of 1,4-benzoxazepines.” 1990. Web. 06 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Whittal RD. Synthetic and spectrometric investigation of 1,4-benzoxazepines. [Internet] [Thesis]. Rhodes University; 1990. [cited 2021 Mar 06]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005046.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Whittal RD. Synthetic and spectrometric investigation of 1,4-benzoxazepines. [Thesis]. Rhodes University; 1990. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005046

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Boston University

9. Park, Tae Woo. Benzodiazepine prescribing patterns and drug overdose deaths among individuals receiving opioid analgesics.

Degree: MS, Epidemiology, 2015, Boston University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2144/16100

► OBJECTIVE: To study the association between benzodiazepine prescribing patterns including dose, type and dosing schedule and the risk of drug overdose death among US veterans… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Medicine; Benzodiazepines; Drug overdose death; Opioid analgesics

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APA (6^th Edition):

Park, T. W. (2015). Benzodiazepine prescribing patterns and drug overdose deaths among individuals receiving opioid analgesics. (Masters Thesis). Boston University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2144/16100

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Park, Tae Woo. “Benzodiazepine prescribing patterns and drug overdose deaths among individuals receiving opioid analgesics.” 2015. Masters Thesis, Boston University. Accessed March 06, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2144/16100.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Park, Tae Woo. “Benzodiazepine prescribing patterns and drug overdose deaths among individuals receiving opioid analgesics.” 2015. Web. 06 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Park TW. Benzodiazepine prescribing patterns and drug overdose deaths among individuals receiving opioid analgesics. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Boston University; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 06]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2144/16100.

Council of Science Editors:

Park TW. Benzodiazepine prescribing patterns and drug overdose deaths among individuals receiving opioid analgesics. [Masters Thesis]. Boston University; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2144/16100

University of Manitoba

10. Brandt, Jaden. Pharmacoepidemiology and drug utilization of benzodiazepines and z-drugs among adults in Manitoba, Canada.

Degree: Pharmacy, 2018, University of Manitoba

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1993/33722

► Background: The use of benzodiazepines and z-drugs remains controversial given their potential for misuse and harm. Investigation of their use in Manitoba remains important for… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Benzodiazepines; Epidemiology; Anxiety; Insomnia; Drug utilization

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APA (6^th Edition):

Brandt, J. (2018). Pharmacoepidemiology and drug utilization of benzodiazepines and z-drugs among adults in Manitoba, Canada. (Masters Thesis). University of Manitoba. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1993/33722

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Brandt, Jaden. “Pharmacoepidemiology and drug utilization of benzodiazepines and z-drugs among adults in Manitoba, Canada.” 2018. Masters Thesis, University of Manitoba. Accessed March 06, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/33722.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Brandt, Jaden. “Pharmacoepidemiology and drug utilization of benzodiazepines and z-drugs among adults in Manitoba, Canada.” 2018. Web. 06 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Brandt J. Pharmacoepidemiology and drug utilization of benzodiazepines and z-drugs among adults in Manitoba, Canada. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Manitoba; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 06]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1993/33722.

Council of Science Editors:

Brandt J. Pharmacoepidemiology and drug utilization of benzodiazepines and z-drugs among adults in Manitoba, Canada. [Masters Thesis]. University of Manitoba; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1993/33722

Michigan State University

11. Blair, Kevin Leigh. Biochemical characterization of the 3H-diazepam binding site in an American cockroach, Periplaneta americana, head membrane preparation.

Degree: MS, Department of Entomology, 1985, Michigan State University

URL: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:34493

Subjects/Keywords: Diazepam; Benzodiazepines; Cockroaches

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Blair, K. L. (1985). Biochemical characterization of the 3H-diazepam binding site in an American cockroach, Periplaneta americana, head membrane preparation. (Masters Thesis). Michigan State University. Retrieved from http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:34493

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Blair, Kevin Leigh. “Biochemical characterization of the 3H-diazepam binding site in an American cockroach, Periplaneta americana, head membrane preparation.” 1985. Masters Thesis, Michigan State University. Accessed March 06, 2021. http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:34493.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Blair, Kevin Leigh. “Biochemical characterization of the 3H-diazepam binding site in an American cockroach, Periplaneta americana, head membrane preparation.” 1985. Web. 06 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Blair KL. Biochemical characterization of the 3H-diazepam binding site in an American cockroach, Periplaneta americana, head membrane preparation. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Michigan State University; 1985. [cited 2021 Mar 06]. Available from: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:34493.

Council of Science Editors:

Blair KL. Biochemical characterization of the 3H-diazepam binding site in an American cockroach, Periplaneta americana, head membrane preparation. [Masters Thesis]. Michigan State University; 1985. Available from: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:34493

Montana State University

12. Loven, Jill Marie. Benzodiazepine prescription evaluation on inpatient psychiatry.

Degree: Doctor of Nursing Practice, College of Nursing, 2018, Montana State University

URL: https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/14689

► Since the Food and Drug Administration announced on August 31, 2016 it was requiring boxed warnings regarding the risk of respiratory depression and death when… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Benzodiazepines.; Opioids.; Psychiatry.; Anxiety.; Pharmacology.; Evaluation.

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APA (6^th Edition):

Loven, J. M. (2018). Benzodiazepine prescription evaluation on inpatient psychiatry. (Doctoral Dissertation). Montana State University. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/14689

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Loven, Jill Marie. “Benzodiazepine prescription evaluation on inpatient psychiatry.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, Montana State University. Accessed March 06, 2021. https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/14689.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Loven, Jill Marie. “Benzodiazepine prescription evaluation on inpatient psychiatry.” 2018. Web. 06 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Loven JM. Benzodiazepine prescription evaluation on inpatient psychiatry. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Montana State University; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 06]. Available from: https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/14689.

Council of Science Editors:

Loven JM. Benzodiazepine prescription evaluation on inpatient psychiatry. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Montana State University; 2018. Available from: https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/14689

University of Minnesota

13. Rautiola, Davin. Two-Part Reactive Formulations for Intranasal Delivery of Benzodiazepines.

Degree: PhD, Pharmaceutics, 2019, University of Minnesota

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11299/208986

► A seizure emergency occurs when an individual experiences a seizure that lasts for more than five minutes (status epilepticus) or multiple distinct seizures with incomplete… (more)

▼ A seizure emergency occurs when an individual experiences a seizure that lasts for more than five minutes (status epilepticus) or multiple distinct seizures with incomplete recovery between them (acute repetitive seizures). A patient experiencing a seizure emergency must be treated as quickly as possible to avoid lasting neurological damage and other life-threatening complications. Benzodiazepines are the primary rescue medications used to treat seizure emergencies, the most commonly used being intravenous lorazepam or rectal diazepam. Despite the effectiveness of these drugs, the delivery routes are not ideal for first-line, outpatient treatments. A skilled caregiver must be present to administer drugs intravenously, and the social stigma associated with rectal administration results in low compliance. Intranasal delivery is an attractive alternative because it requires little training, is easily performed by non-medical personnel, carries a low risk of injury to the patient, and can provide a rapid therapeutic effect. However, formulating a benzodiazepine nasal spray is challenging because these drugs have very low aqueous solubilities. One strategy to circumvent solubility issues relies on in situ production of drug from co-administration of soluble reactants. Herein, we describe how a prodrug/enzyme reaction or an acid/base reaction can be used to deliver a benzodiazepine in an aqueous vehicle with a volume and pH appropriate for intranasal administration. When the soluble components of these two-part reactive formulations are mixed at the time of administration, a metastable supersaturated solution of the benzodiazepine is produced. The supersaturated state of the benzodiazepine provides a large chemical activity gradient for rapid absorption across the nasal mucosa and into systemic circulation. In vitro characterization of the reaction kinetics and supersaturation behaviors for diazepam prodrug/enzyme reactions, midazolam prodrug/enzyme reactions, and midazolam acid/base reactions demonstrated that these two-part formulations generate predictable levels of supersaturated drug. An in vivo pharmacokinetic study in rats showed that rapid absorption and high bioavailability of diazepam results from intranasal administration of a diazepam prodrug/enzyme formulation. Furthermore, a dual chamber nasal spray device capable of mixing and atomizing the components of a two-part formulation was designed, prototyped, and tested. These two-part reactive formulations, coupled with the specialized nasal spray device, exemplify a new intranasal drug delivery strategy that may be applicable to a variety of other drugs with poor stability or low solubility.

Subjects/Keywords: benzodiazepines; intranasal; metastable; prodrug; solubility; supersaturated

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APA (6^th Edition):

Rautiola, D. (2019). Two-Part Reactive Formulations for Intranasal Delivery of Benzodiazepines. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Minnesota. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11299/208986

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Rautiola, Davin. “Two-Part Reactive Formulations for Intranasal Delivery of Benzodiazepines.” 2019. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Minnesota. Accessed March 06, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11299/208986.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Rautiola, Davin. “Two-Part Reactive Formulations for Intranasal Delivery of Benzodiazepines.” 2019. Web. 06 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Rautiola D. Two-Part Reactive Formulations for Intranasal Delivery of Benzodiazepines. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Minnesota; 2019. [cited 2021 Mar 06]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11299/208986.

Council of Science Editors:

Rautiola D. Two-Part Reactive Formulations for Intranasal Delivery of Benzodiazepines. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Minnesota; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11299/208986

University of North Texas

14. Overturf, Carmen L. Investigation of the Pharmacokinetics of Diazepam in Juvenile Channel Catfish (Ictalurus Punctatus).

Degree: 2013, University of North Texas

URL: https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc407799/

► The presence of pharmaceuticals in the environment is becoming an increasing regulatory and scientific concern. Thus, the metabolic profile and bioconcentration potential of diazepam, a… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Pharmaceuticals; bioconcentration; metabolism; PCR; benzodiazepines; diazepam

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APA (6^th Edition):

Overturf, C. L. (2013). Investigation of the Pharmacokinetics of Diazepam in Juvenile Channel Catfish (Ictalurus Punctatus). (Thesis). University of North Texas. Retrieved from https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc407799/

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Overturf, Carmen L. “Investigation of the Pharmacokinetics of Diazepam in Juvenile Channel Catfish (Ictalurus Punctatus).” 2013. Thesis, University of North Texas. Accessed March 06, 2021. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc407799/.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Overturf, Carmen L. “Investigation of the Pharmacokinetics of Diazepam in Juvenile Channel Catfish (Ictalurus Punctatus).” 2013. Web. 06 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Overturf CL. Investigation of the Pharmacokinetics of Diazepam in Juvenile Channel Catfish (Ictalurus Punctatus). [Internet] [Thesis]. University of North Texas; 2013. [cited 2021 Mar 06]. Available from: https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc407799/.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Overturf CL. Investigation of the Pharmacokinetics of Diazepam in Juvenile Channel Catfish (Ictalurus Punctatus). [Thesis]. University of North Texas; 2013. Available from: https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc407799/

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Michigan State University

15. Li, Fei (Of Michigan State University). Characterization and crystallization of translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO) from Rhodobacter sphaeroides.

Degree: 2014, Michigan State University

URL: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:2867

►

Thesis Ph. D. Michigan State University. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology - Doctor of Philosophy 2014.

CHARACTERIZATION AND CRYSTALLIZATION OF TRANSLOCATOR PROTEIN 18 kDa (TSPO) FROM… (more)

▼

Thesis Ph. D. Michigan State University. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology - Doctor of Philosophy 2014.

CHARACTERIZATION AND CRYSTALLIZATION OF TRANSLOCATOR PROTEIN 18 kDa (TSPO) FROM RHODOBACTER SPHAEROIDES ByFei LiTranslocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO), previously known as the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor (PBR), is a mitochondrial outer membrane protein that is a continuing research focus due to its importance in cholesterol and porphyrin transport and apoptotic signaling. Dysfunction of TSPO has been shown to relate to various diseases, including metastatic cancer, inflammation, Alzheimer, and Parkinson disease. Functions of TSPO have been investigated but the molecular details remain an enigma, due in part to two major bottlenecks: 1) the lack of atomic resolution structural information; and 2) conflicting data from both in vivo and in vitro characterization. The Rhodobacter sphaeroides homolog of TSPO (RsTSPO) was discovered as an oxygen sensor regulating photosynthesis and respiration in this bacterium and shares 34 % sequence identity with the human protein. In addition, the knock-out phenotype of R. sphaeroides can be functionally complemented by the rat homolog, confirming the use of RsTSPO as a valid model system for the mammalian protein. In this study, we have successfully established an expression, purification, and characterization methodology for the RsTSPO that allowed us to investigate RsTSPO with molecular detail. R. sphaeroides is also an highly successful system for producing crystal structures of membrane proteins. A crystallization strategy was established and optimized with RsTSPO that has resulted in the first high resolution crystal structure of a TSPO family protein. A sensitive tryptophan fluorescence quenching assay was used to characterize the binding of purified RsTSPO with various ligands. Novel ligands of TSPO previously shown to affect apoptosis were identified and support a role of TSPO in the regulation of the apoptosis pathway. Detailed characterization of ligand binding with RsTSPO and mutants in vitro combined with computational modeling of RsTSPO structure and analysis of previous mutagenesis data led to a model of TSPO-ligand interaction. A cholesterol binding enhancement motif was identified in TSPO that is highly conserved within the mammalian proteins and is able to account for the 1000 fold different binding affinity of RsTSPO compared to the mammalian homologs. This motif is also observed in other membrane proteins interacting with cholesterol, highlighting the potential general importance of this enhancement motif in the regulation of cholesterol binding in mammals. In addition, residues within the same motif were identified by evolutionary covariance analysis as playing a critical role in the stability of TSPO proteins, providing useful information for structural analysis of TSPO. Extensive screening and optimization of crystallization strategies for RsTSPO were carried out with both the vapor diffusion and the lipidic cubic phase (LCP) methods.…

Advisors/Committee Members: Ferguson-Miller, Shelagh, Garavito, Michael, Hausinger, Robert, LaPres, John, Gallo, Kathleen.

Subjects/Keywords: Bacteria – Physiology; Benzodiazepines – Receptors; Proteins – Structure; Biochemistry

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APA (6^th Edition):

Li, F. (. M. S. U. (2014). Characterization and crystallization of translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO) from Rhodobacter sphaeroides. (Thesis). Michigan State University. Retrieved from http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:2867

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Li, Fei (Of Michigan State University). “Characterization and crystallization of translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO) from Rhodobacter sphaeroides.” 2014. Thesis, Michigan State University. Accessed March 06, 2021. http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:2867.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Li, Fei (Of Michigan State University). “Characterization and crystallization of translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO) from Rhodobacter sphaeroides.” 2014. Web. 06 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Li F(MSU. Characterization and crystallization of translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO) from Rhodobacter sphaeroides. [Internet] [Thesis]. Michigan State University; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 06]. Available from: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:2867.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Li F(MSU. Characterization and crystallization of translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO) from Rhodobacter sphaeroides. [Thesis]. Michigan State University; 2014. Available from: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:2867

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

16. Braun, Ivan Mario. Potencial de abuso do midazolam intranasal em usuários de cocaína aspirada e voluntários normais.

Degree: PhD, Psiquiatria, 2012, University of São Paulo

URL: http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5142/tde-28112012-124456/ ;

► INTRODUÇÃO: O midazolam é uma imidazobenzodiazepina usada para induzir o sono, produzir sedação antes de procedimentos dolorosos e no tratamento do estado de mal epiléptico.… (more)

▼ INTRODUÇÃO: O midazolam é uma imidazobenzodiazepina usada para induzir o sono, produzir sedação antes de procedimentos dolorosos e no tratamento do estado de mal epiléptico. Seu uso pela via intranasal proporciona um rápido início de ação e esta via, em muitos casos, pode substituir as vias endovenosa e intramuscular, mais invasivas. Assim, o midazolam intranasal tem sido sugerido no tratamento extra-hospitalar de crises epilépticas e ataques de pânico. Por outro lado, os benzodiazepínicos possuem um potencial para serem abusados, principalmente em usuários de outras drogas. OBJETIVO: o presente estudo objetivou verificar o potencial de abuso do midazolam intranasal numa população experiente no uso intranasal de substâncias - abusadores de cocaína aspirada. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados 31 voluntários abusadores ou dependentes de cocaína e 34 controles saudáveis, subdivididos em quatro grupos: Abusadores de Cocaína (N = 16) e Voluntários Saudáveis (N= 17) que receberam midazolam (0,5 mg de hidrocloreto de midazolam em cada narina), e Abusadores de Cocaína (N = 15) e Voluntários Saudáveis (N = 17) que receberam o mesmo volume de um placebo ativo. As variáveis de resposta foram a Apreciação da Substância (AS) e a Vontade de Repetir o Uso da Substância (VR), avaliadas através de escalas analógicas visuais. RESULTADOS: A análise de perfis para medidas repetidas das variáveis de resposta mostrou um efeito significante da variável Tempo sobre AS (F[5;57] =3,947, p=0,004) e VR (F[5;57] =3,311, p=0,011). A variável Grupo (Abusadores de Cocaína x Voluntários Saudáveis) também teve um impacto sobre as variáveis de resposta AS e VR, sendo que os Abusadores de Cocaína tiveram pontuações mais altas tanto em AS (F[5;57] = 4,946, p = 0,030) quanto em VR (F[5;57] =5,229, p=0,026). Numa análise de regressão linear para investigar os efeitos do humor - medidos através de uma Escala Visual Analógica do Humor (VAMS) - sobre as variáveis de resposta AS e VR, os Abusadores de Cocaína apresentaram escores maiores que os Voluntários saudáveis tanto para AS (t = 3,37; p = 0,001) quanto para VR (t = 5,607; p = 0,011). Observou-se, também, um efeito dos fatores VAMS 16 (MAIS DEPRIMIDO MAIS EUFÓRICO; t = 4,28; p < 0,001) e VAMS 12 (MAIS EXCITADO MAIS RELAXADO; t = 2,66; p = 0,010), sobre a variável de resposta AS (R2 = 0,32): níveis maiores de euforia e relaxamento predisseram uma maior Apreciação da Substância instilada. O fator VAMS 16 (MAIS DEPRIMIDO MAIS EUFÓRICO) teve um efeito também sobre a variável de resposta VR (t = 3,65, p < 0,001; R2 =0,24): maior euforia predisse maior vontade de repetir o uso da substância. Finalmente, uma análise de regressão linear utilizando-se AS como variável explicativa e VR como variável de resposta resultou que quanto maior a apreciação positiva da substância, maior era a vontade de repetir seu uso (F = 108, 517; p < 0,001; R2 = 0,65). CONCLUSÕES: Corroborando estudos anteriores, observou-se que sensações como relaxamento e euforia correlacionam-se com o potencial de abuso de uma substância e uma maior… Advisors/Committee Members: Bernik, Marcio Antonini.

Subjects/Keywords: Administração intranasal de medicamentos; Administration intranasal; Benzodiazepinas/farmacologia; Benzodiazepinas/uso terapêutico; Benzodiazepines/ therapeutic use; Benzodiazepines/pharmacology; Midazolam; Midazolam

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Braun, I. M. (2012). Potencial de abuso do midazolam intranasal em usuários de cocaína aspirada e voluntários normais. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of São Paulo. Retrieved from http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5142/tde-28112012-124456/ ;

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Braun, Ivan Mario. “Potencial de abuso do midazolam intranasal em usuários de cocaína aspirada e voluntários normais.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, University of São Paulo. Accessed March 06, 2021. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5142/tde-28112012-124456/ ;.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Braun, Ivan Mario. “Potencial de abuso do midazolam intranasal em usuários de cocaína aspirada e voluntários normais.” 2012. Web. 06 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Braun IM. Potencial de abuso do midazolam intranasal em usuários de cocaína aspirada e voluntários normais. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of São Paulo; 2012. [cited 2021 Mar 06]. Available from: http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5142/tde-28112012-124456/ ;.

Council of Science Editors:

Braun IM. Potencial de abuso do midazolam intranasal em usuários de cocaína aspirada e voluntários normais. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of São Paulo; 2012. Available from: http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5142/tde-28112012-124456/ ;

University of Arizona

17. Chen, Andrew David. ISOLATION AND IN VITRO CHARACTERIZATION OF MAMMALIAN CEREBRAL CORTICAL FACTORS INTERACTIVE WITH THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM BENZODIAZEPINE RECEPTOR (ENDOGENOUS LIGANDS).

Degree: 1985, University of Arizona

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/275444

Subjects/Keywords: Benzodiazepines – Receptors.; Benzodiazepines.; Central nervous system.; Neurotransmitters.

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APA (6^th Edition):

Chen, A. D. (1985). ISOLATION AND IN VITRO CHARACTERIZATION OF MAMMALIAN CEREBRAL CORTICAL FACTORS INTERACTIVE WITH THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM BENZODIAZEPINE RECEPTOR (ENDOGENOUS LIGANDS). (Masters Thesis). University of Arizona. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10150/275444

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Chen, Andrew David. “ISOLATION AND IN VITRO CHARACTERIZATION OF MAMMALIAN CEREBRAL CORTICAL FACTORS INTERACTIVE WITH THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM BENZODIAZEPINE RECEPTOR (ENDOGENOUS LIGANDS). ” 1985. Masters Thesis, University of Arizona. Accessed March 06, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/275444.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Chen, Andrew David. “ISOLATION AND IN VITRO CHARACTERIZATION OF MAMMALIAN CEREBRAL CORTICAL FACTORS INTERACTIVE WITH THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM BENZODIAZEPINE RECEPTOR (ENDOGENOUS LIGANDS). ” 1985. Web. 06 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Chen AD. ISOLATION AND IN VITRO CHARACTERIZATION OF MAMMALIAN CEREBRAL CORTICAL FACTORS INTERACTIVE WITH THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM BENZODIAZEPINE RECEPTOR (ENDOGENOUS LIGANDS). [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Arizona; 1985. [cited 2021 Mar 06]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/275444.

Council of Science Editors:

Chen AD. ISOLATION AND IN VITRO CHARACTERIZATION OF MAMMALIAN CEREBRAL CORTICAL FACTORS INTERACTIVE WITH THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM BENZODIAZEPINE RECEPTOR (ENDOGENOUS LIGANDS). [Masters Thesis]. University of Arizona; 1985. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/275444

Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro

18. Renata Gomes da Costa de Marca. Análise de relatos de usuários de clonazepam no estado do Rio de Janeiro: um estudo exploratório.

Degree: Master, 2016, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro

URL: http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=10833 ;

► Segundo o Sistema Nacional de Gerenciamento de Produtos Controlados (SNGPC), da ANVISA, o clonazepam foi o psicotrópico mais consumido em 21 dos 27 estados brasileiros,… (more)

▼ Segundo o Sistema Nacional de Gerenciamento de Produtos Controlados (SNGPC), da ANVISA, o clonazepam foi o psicotrópico mais consumido em 21 dos 27 estados brasileiros, em 2009, subindo para 22, em 2010, e para 24, em 2011. Considerando o sucesso de vendas desse medicamento no Brasil, buscou-se, de forma geral, averiguar o que esse fenômeno social indicaria sobre o contexto sociocultural vigente e o lugar assumido pelos ansiolíticos na cultura contemporânea. Para tal reflexão, utilizou-se como escopo teórico a antropologia dos medicamentos, demonstrando que o remédio, para além da química, é objeto social, símbolo, representação e dispositivo. Isso faz com que o medicamento enquanto fato social possa encarnar inúmeros sentidos e seguir trajetórias diversificadas, de acordo com o contexto no qual se insere. Com o objetivo de investigar os sentidos atribuídos ao clonazepam, desenvolveu-se um estudo exploratório qualitativo, enfocando a visão dos consumidores sobre suas experiências em relação ao uso dessa substância. Para isso, foram realizadas 13 entrevistas semiestruturadas, com usuários de longo termo (mais de um ano de uso), residentes no estado do Rio de Janeiro, abordando-se temas como ingesta, motivos para o uso, formas de gestão e manejo da substância, expectativas, efeitos desejados e indesejados, dentre outros. As entrevistas foram transcritas e os relatos analisados, formulando-se eixos analíticos, que congregaram temáticas específicas abordadas pelos participantes, possibilitando a apreensão dos múltiplos sentidos elaborados por eles. Logo de início, foram identificadas diferentes acepções sobre o clonazepam (medicamento, droga, tarja preta, entre outros). Os motivos para o uso variaram desde transtornos específicos até estados difusos como tensão e nervoso, às vezes marcados por fatores desencadeantes, tais como circunstâncias da vida familiar ou social. As trajetórias de uso mostraram configurações distintas, com o clonazepam sendo tratado como central para uns e acessório para outros, deslizando por diferentes posições, dependendo do momento de vida experienciado. As formas de gerir as doses foram desde a aceitação imediata das recomendações médicas até a prática da automedicação, passando por formas mistas de administração, inclusive das dosagens. A relação com essa substância apareceu marcada por distintas racionalidades na avaliação risco-benefício e pela ambiguidade sobre a quem se deveria atribuir a responsabilidade a determinadas ações realizadas sob a ingesta do medicamento: aos próprios usuários ou ao efeito químico do benzodiazepínico? Observou-se também o quanto o clonazepam pode influenciar na percepção que o usuário tem de si e que a ambivalência parece ser um sentimento que atravessa todos os eixos analíticos, sendo mais drasticamente observada na temática da dependência, recorrente nos relatos. Os sentidos a que se teve acesso são heterogêneos e variados, podendo ser captados apenas parcialmente, dado o caráter multifacetado do fenômeno social do clonazepam e da complexa dinâmica das… Advisors/Committee Members: Jane Araujo Russo, Suely Rozenfeld, Erotildes Maria Leal, Rafaela Teixeira Zorzanelli.

Subjects/Keywords: Clonazepam; Benzodiazepínicos; Antropologia dos medicamentos; Clonazepam; Benzodiazepines; Pharmaceutical anthropology; SAUDE COLETIVA

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APA (6^th Edition):

Marca, R. G. d. C. d. (2016). Análise de relatos de usuários de clonazepam no estado do Rio de Janeiro: um estudo exploratório. (Masters Thesis). Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Retrieved from http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=10833 ;

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Marca, Renata Gomes da Costa de. “Análise de relatos de usuários de clonazepam no estado do Rio de Janeiro: um estudo exploratório.” 2016. Masters Thesis, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Accessed March 06, 2021. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=10833 ;.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Marca, Renata Gomes da Costa de. “Análise de relatos de usuários de clonazepam no estado do Rio de Janeiro: um estudo exploratório.” 2016. Web. 06 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Marca RGdCd. Análise de relatos de usuários de clonazepam no estado do Rio de Janeiro: um estudo exploratório. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 06]. Available from: http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=10833 ;.

Council of Science Editors:

Marca RGdCd. Análise de relatos de usuários de clonazepam no estado do Rio de Janeiro: um estudo exploratório. [Masters Thesis]. Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro; 2016. Available from: http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=10833 ;

University of Tasmania

19. Leroi, Serena. The differential amnesic effects of lorazepam and diazepam.

Degree: 1995, University of Tasmania

URL: https://eprints.utas.edu.au/20361/1/whole_LeroiSerena1996_thesis.pdf

► There have been many attempts to classify the functions of human memory. A broad classificatory scheme that is currently in use is the division of… (more)

▼ There have been many attempts to classify the functions of human memory. A broad classificatory scheme that is currently in use is the division of memory into explicit and implicit memory. Explicit memory refers to the conscious retrieval of information relating to previous experiences (Schacter et al., 1993). This form of memory is assessed using tasks involving the explicit recall (immediate or delayed) of information that has been learned in an earlier study phase. Implicit memory is responsible for the retrieval of stored information without subjective awareness of the source of information (Donlon et al., 1993). One of the most common functions of implicit memory is priming. A number of experimental variables have been used to demonstrate the distinction between implicit and explicit memory. These include shifts in sensory modality between study and test phases (Berry & Dienes, 1991), changes in the surface characteristics of stimuli (Roediger & Blaxton, 1987), varied retention intervals (Tulving et al., 1982) and manipulation of the level of encoding of target items during a study phase (Roediger et al., 1992). The dissociation between explicit and implicit memory has also been demonstrated in studies involving the administration of benzodiazepines. These have found that benzodiazepines impair performance on explicit memory measures, such as recall and recognition. (Danion et al., 1989, Fang et al., 1987, File et al., 1992, Danion et al., 1992). These investigations focused primarily on the administration of either lorazepam or diazepam. When implicit memory measures are involved in benzodiazepine studies, it is generally reported that implicit memory is not affected by the drugs. Studies have found that priming remains intact after the ingestion of diazepam (Danion et al., 1989, Fang et al., 1987, Danion et al., 1992). However, priming is significantly reduced when lorazepam is administered (Knopman, 1991, Danion et al., 1992, Brown et al., 1989). This review will examine the organisation of memory, particularly the divisions and functions of explicit and implicit memory. It will also explore the current evidence of the effects of benzodiazepines on these aspects of memory.

Subjects/Keywords: Lorazepam; Diazepam; Memory; Benzodiazepines

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Leroi, S. (1995). The differential amnesic effects of lorazepam and diazepam. (Thesis). University of Tasmania. Retrieved from https://eprints.utas.edu.au/20361/1/whole_LeroiSerena1996_thesis.pdf

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Leroi, Serena. “The differential amnesic effects of lorazepam and diazepam.” 1995. Thesis, University of Tasmania. Accessed March 06, 2021. https://eprints.utas.edu.au/20361/1/whole_LeroiSerena1996_thesis.pdf.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Leroi, Serena. “The differential amnesic effects of lorazepam and diazepam.” 1995. Web. 06 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Leroi S. The differential amnesic effects of lorazepam and diazepam. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Tasmania; 1995. [cited 2021 Mar 06]. Available from: https://eprints.utas.edu.au/20361/1/whole_LeroiSerena1996_thesis.pdf.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Leroi S. The differential amnesic effects of lorazepam and diazepam. [Thesis]. University of Tasmania; 1995. Available from: https://eprints.utas.edu.au/20361/1/whole_LeroiSerena1996_thesis.pdf

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Vanderbilt University

20. Hu, Yunfeng. Microbial biosynthesis of benzodiazepines and nitrosugar containing natural products.

Degree: PhD, Chemistry, 2009, Vanderbilt University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1803/12342

► The biosyntheses of benzodiazepines and nitrosugar containing natural products in actinomycetes were investigated. The first biosynthetic gene cluster of a benzodiazepine natural product was identified… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: nitrosugar; benzodiazepines; biosynthesis; natural products

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Hu, Y. (2009). Microbial biosynthesis of benzodiazepines and nitrosugar containing natural products. (Doctoral Dissertation). Vanderbilt University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1803/12342

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Hu, Yunfeng. “Microbial biosynthesis of benzodiazepines and nitrosugar containing natural products.” 2009. Doctoral Dissertation, Vanderbilt University. Accessed March 06, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1803/12342.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Hu, Yunfeng. “Microbial biosynthesis of benzodiazepines and nitrosugar containing natural products.” 2009. Web. 06 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Hu Y. Microbial biosynthesis of benzodiazepines and nitrosugar containing natural products. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Vanderbilt University; 2009. [cited 2021 Mar 06]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1803/12342.

Council of Science Editors:

Hu Y. Microbial biosynthesis of benzodiazepines and nitrosugar containing natural products. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Vanderbilt University; 2009. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1803/12342

Rhodes University

21. Gelebe, Aifheli Carlson. Synthetic and spectrometric studies of benzodioxepinone derivatives.

Degree: PhD, Faculty of Science, Chemistry, 1995, Rhodes University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005047

► An extensive range of oxygen and sulphur substituted benzodiazepine analogues has been synthesised via Baeyer-Villiger and Schmidt reactions of specially prepared flavanone and N-acetyl-4-quinolone precursors.… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Benzodiazepines – Research; Flavonoids – Research

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Gelebe, A. C. (1995). Synthetic and spectrometric studies of benzodioxepinone derivatives. (Doctoral Dissertation). Rhodes University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005047

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Gelebe, Aifheli Carlson. “Synthetic and spectrometric studies of benzodioxepinone derivatives.” 1995. Doctoral Dissertation, Rhodes University. Accessed March 06, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005047.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Gelebe, Aifheli Carlson. “Synthetic and spectrometric studies of benzodioxepinone derivatives.” 1995. Web. 06 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Gelebe AC. Synthetic and spectrometric studies of benzodioxepinone derivatives. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Rhodes University; 1995. [cited 2021 Mar 06]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005047.

Council of Science Editors:

Gelebe AC. Synthetic and spectrometric studies of benzodioxepinone derivatives. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Rhodes University; 1995. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005047

Virginia Commonwealth University

22. Gonek, Maciej. Complexities of Chronic Opioid Exposure.

Degree: PhD, Pharmacology & Toxicology, 2018, Virginia Commonwealth University

URL: https://doi.org/10.25772/2PVV-KJ61 ; https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5354

► Studies on repeated exposure to opioids have been carried out for decades yet the mechanisms for certain phenomena such as tolerance are still not… (more)

▼ Studies on repeated exposure to opioids have been carried out for decades yet the mechanisms for certain phenomena such as tolerance are still not fully understood. Furthermore, different medications, such as frequently prescribed benzodiazepines, or different disease states, such as HIV, have their own effects and interactions with chronic opioid exposure that are not fully understood. The overall objective of this dissertation was to investigate the complexities of chronic opioid exposure and how different disease states and medications may modulate the effects of chronic opioids. Our findings demonstrate that the administration of diazepam, at doses that are not antinociceptive or have any motor effects, reverse both antinociceptive and locomotor tolerance to orally active opioids. These doses of diazepam did not potentiate the acute effects of these prescription opioids. We also found that HIV-1 Tat expression significantly attenuated the antinociceptive potency of acute morphine in non-tolerant mice while not significantly altering the antinociceptive tolerance to morphine. Consistent with this, Tat attenuated withdrawal symptoms among morphine-tolerant mice. Pretreatment with maraviroc, a CCR5 antagonist blocked the effects of Tat, reinstating morphine potency in non-tolerant mice and restoring withdrawal symptomology in morphine-tolerant mice. Protein array analyses revealed only minor changes to cytokine profiles whether morphine was administered acutely or repeatedly; however, 24 h post repeated morphine administration, the expression of several cytokines was greatly increased. Tat further elevated levels of several cytokines and maraviroc pretreatment attenuated these effects. With the understanding that gap junctions may be involved in both HIV-Tat effects on opioid antinociception as well as tolerance, we investigated the role of gap junctions in opioid antinociceptive tolerance. We observed that carbenoxolone, a gap junction inhibitor, administered systemically attenuated the development of opioid antinociceptive tolerance. Furthermore, we observed a small percentage of carbenoxolone in brain tissue compared to the amount found in blood, suggesting a peripheral site of action. Finally, we show preliminary evidence that in vivo administration of carbenoxolone is able to attenuate tolerance to morphine in DRG neurons. Advisors/Committee Members: Willam L. Dewey.

Subjects/Keywords: Opioid; Pain; Tolerance; benzodiazepines; HIV-Tat; inflammation; Behavioral Neurobiology; Pharmacology

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Gonek, M. (2018). Complexities of Chronic Opioid Exposure. (Doctoral Dissertation). Virginia Commonwealth University. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.25772/2PVV-KJ61 ; https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5354

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Gonek, Maciej. “Complexities of Chronic Opioid Exposure.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, Virginia Commonwealth University. Accessed March 06, 2021. https://doi.org/10.25772/2PVV-KJ61 ; https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5354.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Gonek, Maciej. “Complexities of Chronic Opioid Exposure.” 2018. Web. 06 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Gonek M. Complexities of Chronic Opioid Exposure. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Virginia Commonwealth University; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 06]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.25772/2PVV-KJ61 ; https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5354.

Council of Science Editors:

Gonek M. Complexities of Chronic Opioid Exposure. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Virginia Commonwealth University; 2018. Available from: https://doi.org/10.25772/2PVV-KJ61 ; https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5354

University of Tasmania

23. Westbury, JL. Roles for pharmacists in improving the quality use of psychotropic medicines in residential aged care facilities.

Degree: 2011, University of Tasmania

URL: https://eprints.utas.edu.au/12519/3/Whole_thesis.pdf ; Westbury, JL ORCID: 0000-0002-9932-9513 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9932-9513> 2011 , 'Roles for pharmacists in improving the quality use of psychotropic medicines in residential aged care facilities', PhD thesis, University of Tasmania.

► The major psychotropic drug classes are antipsychotics, antidepressants and anxiolytic/hypnotics. Professional guidelines advise that these agents should only be prescribed to manage behavioural and psychological… (more)

▼ The major psychotropic drug classes are antipsychotics, antidepressants and anxiolytic/hypnotics. Professional guidelines advise that these agents should only be prescribed to manage behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD), anxiety and insomnia in older people after non-drug measures have proved ineffective. Psychotropic medications, particularly antipsychotics and benzodiazepines, are associated with significant risks, yet they only offer modest benefits to treat these conditions. Consequently, these medications should be initiated at the lowest effective dose, monitored regularly and administered for time-limited periods. Despite this advice, many researchers have reported high rates of psychotropic drug use in Residential Aged Care Facilities (RACFs) both in Australia and internationally over the last three decades. Moreover, rates of psychotropic use in RACFs appear to be increasing, a trend which most likely reflects the growing proportion of residents with mental health conditions. The main focus of this thesis was on antipsychotic and benzodiazepine use as the prescribing of these particular psychotropic agents is widespread, there are doubts over their effectiveness and they are strongly associated with significant risks in older people. There has also been considerable attention from both professional and regulatory authorities directed at rationalising the use of these medications. Although antidepressants are also associated with risks, there is strong evidence for their effectiveness in this population and many experts in the psychogeriatric field feel they are underutilised in the RACF setting. For this reason, the research was targeted at promoting guideline-based use of antipsychotics and benzodiazepines. Aside from their traditional supply role, pharmacists are increasingly becoming involved in promoting Quality Use of Medicines or ‘QUM’. In Australia, at the time of this research, community pharmacies were funded to provide Residential Medication Management Reviews (RMMRs) and associated QUM strategies to each facility, such as medication audit, formulary development and nurse education. Although RMMRs were shown to improve medication use in one large controlled trial, the effect of pharmacist-led QUM strategies on RACF psychotropic prescribing has not been evaluated. Therefore, the key objective of this thesis was to assess if pharmacists could positively influence RACF psychotropic utilisation through the use of a series of facility-focused QUM strategies delivered in a dedicated intervention project. However, before the intervention project could be developed, some vital background research was required. This is why the research for this thesis was conducted in three chronological stages. An evaluation of current psychotropic usage was initially needed to identify the main areas of concern and gauge the overall pattern of prescribing; thus, the first stage involved a retrospective cross-sectional study of prescribing data in a large representative sample of 40 RACFs…

Subjects/Keywords: pharmacists; psychotropic; nursing homes; antipyychotics; benzodiazepines; aged care

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Westbury, J. (2011). Roles for pharmacists in improving the quality use of psychotropic medicines in residential aged care facilities. (Thesis). University of Tasmania. Retrieved from https://eprints.utas.edu.au/12519/3/Whole_thesis.pdf ; Westbury, JL ORCID: 0000-0002-9932-9513 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9932-9513> 2011 , 'Roles for pharmacists in improving the quality use of psychotropic medicines in residential aged care facilities', PhD thesis, University of Tasmania.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Westbury, JL. “Roles for pharmacists in improving the quality use of psychotropic medicines in residential aged care facilities.” 2011. Thesis, University of Tasmania. Accessed March 06, 2021. https://eprints.utas.edu.au/12519/3/Whole_thesis.pdf ; Westbury, JL ORCID: 0000-0002-9932-9513 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9932-9513> 2011 , 'Roles for pharmacists in improving the quality use of psychotropic medicines in residential aged care facilities', PhD thesis, University of Tasmania..

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Westbury, JL. “Roles for pharmacists in improving the quality use of psychotropic medicines in residential aged care facilities.” 2011. Web. 06 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Westbury J. Roles for pharmacists in improving the quality use of psychotropic medicines in residential aged care facilities. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Tasmania; 2011. [cited 2021 Mar 06]. Available from: https://eprints.utas.edu.au/12519/3/Whole_thesis.pdf ; Westbury, JL ORCID: 0000-0002-9932-9513 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9932-9513> 2011 , 'Roles for pharmacists in improving the quality use of psychotropic medicines in residential aged care facilities', PhD thesis, University of Tasmania..

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Westbury J. Roles for pharmacists in improving the quality use of psychotropic medicines in residential aged care facilities. [Thesis]. University of Tasmania; 2011. Available from: https://eprints.utas.edu.au/12519/3/Whole_thesis.pdf ; Westbury, JL ORCID: 0000-0002-9932-9513 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9932-9513> 2011 , 'Roles for pharmacists in improving the quality use of psychotropic medicines in residential aged care facilities', PhD thesis, University of Tasmania.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

24. Faria, António Manuel Augusto de. Sedação em Medicina Dentária.

Degree: 2015, Universidade Fernando Pessoa

URL: https://www.rcaap.pt/detail.jsp?id=oai:bdigital.ufp.pt:10284/5270

►

Projeto de Pós-Graduação/Dissertação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Medicina Dentária

A escolha do tema… (more)

▼

Projeto de Pós-Graduação/Dissertação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Medicina Dentária

A escolha do tema para o presente trabalho de investigação, com vista à conclusão do Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Dentária, tem por objectivo contribuir para, de uma forma séria e clara, dar resposta a uma série de interrogações, ansiedades e situações confusas entre membros da classe dos Médicos Dentistas no que diz respeito às práticas de sedação durante tratamentos médico-dentários. Este tema actual, especialmente no que ao panorama nacional diz respeito, tem vindo a levantar no seio da classe diversas questões no que se refere às diferentes abordagens e aos profissionais que as deverão praticar com segurança, nos diferentes contextos. Foi um objectivo, desde a génese do presente trabalho, que o mesmo contribuísse para o estado da arte da Medicina Dentária portuguesa, ultrapassando a mera formalidade curricular de conclusão de um ciclo de estudos de graduação, mas que permitisse ainda um trabalho sólido a continuidade na investigação a desenvolver futuramente nesta área do conhecimento médico. Optou-se por dividir esta monografia em duas partes. Uma primeira de revisão teórica dos conhecimentos e fundamentos inerentes à sedação, em que são revistos os diferentes tipos de sedação existentes e disponíveis, os graus de sedação existentes, os diversos fármacos e técnicas utilizadas, as indicações e contra-indicações e a sua adequabilidade aos vários pacientes, de acordo com as suas especificidades. Na segunda parte do trabalho, a ambição e o desejo de verificar os conhecimentos dos Médicos Dentistas a exercer em Portugal, no que respeita ao uso de técnicas de sedação na sua prática clínica, conduziu à realização de um trabalho de pesquisa com preenchimento de inquéritos aos profissionais, abordando as técnicas, os conhecimentos e a experiência. Todo este processo foi devidamente aprovado pela Comissão de Ética da Universidade Fernando Pessoa.

The choice of the theme for this research paper, with the main goal to finish my MSc in Dentistry, aims to contribute, in a serious and clean way, to give an answer to some doubts, anxieties and some questions between members of Dentist class relating to sedation practices during dentistry treatments. Nowadays, especially concerned about the national scene, this theme has been raising several questions with regard to different approaches and professionals who need to practice safely in different contexts. Since the beginning of this paper, it was a goal that this one contributed to the state of the art of Portuguese Dentistry, going more far than the simple finish of a formal curricular cycle of graduation’s studies. More than that, intents to be a solid and consistent work to be continued, developing even more the research in this knowledge area of medicine. This work is divided in two parts. The first one is a theoretical review of knowledge and fundamentals involved in sedation, where different types of available…

Advisors/Committee Members: Marvão, Jorge.

Subjects/Keywords: Sedation; Conscious sedation; General anesthesia; Dentistry; Pediatric dentistry; Benzodiazepines; Opioids

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Faria, A. M. A. d. (2015). Sedação em Medicina Dentária. (Thesis). Universidade Fernando Pessoa. Retrieved from https://www.rcaap.pt/detail.jsp?id=oai:bdigital.ufp.pt:10284/5270

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Faria, António Manuel Augusto de. “Sedação em Medicina Dentária.” 2015. Thesis, Universidade Fernando Pessoa. Accessed March 06, 2021. https://www.rcaap.pt/detail.jsp?id=oai:bdigital.ufp.pt:10284/5270.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Faria, António Manuel Augusto de. “Sedação em Medicina Dentária.” 2015. Web. 06 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Faria AMAd. Sedação em Medicina Dentária. [Internet] [Thesis]. Universidade Fernando Pessoa; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 06]. Available from: https://www.rcaap.pt/detail.jsp?id=oai:bdigital.ufp.pt:10284/5270.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Faria AMAd. Sedação em Medicina Dentária. [Thesis]. Universidade Fernando Pessoa; 2015. Available from: https://www.rcaap.pt/detail.jsp?id=oai:bdigital.ufp.pt:10284/5270

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

25. Huhtaniska, S. (Sanna). The association between antipsychotic and benzodiazepine use with brain morphology and its changes in schizophrenia.

Degree: 2018, University of Oulu

URL: http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526217598

►

Abstract The association between antipsychotics and brain volume changes in schizophrenia is not clear. Previous imaging studies have not examined benzodiazepine use, though it has… (more)

▼

Abstract The association between antipsychotics and brain volume changes in schizophrenia is not clear. Previous imaging studies have not examined benzodiazepine use, though it has been linked to cognitive impairment. The aim of this thesis was to examine the association between long-term antipsychotic and benzodiazepine use and brain structures in schizophrenia. Based on a systematic review and meta-analysis of previous studies on long-term antipsychotic use and brain changes in schizophrenia, a higher antipsychotic exposure associated with parietal lobe decrease and basal ganglia increase. Previous data on the topic is very heterogenous and the overall number of studies is small (N=34). Most reported findings were non-significant. In the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966, 38 cases with schizophrenia spectrum disorder participated in the longitudinal study at the ages of 24 and 43. In the cross-sectional study, 44 cases with schizophrenia and 35 cases with affective psychoses participated at the age of 43. Structural brain MRI scans were acquired from all participants an data on antipsychotic and benzodiazepine dose was collected using medical records and interviews. Illness severity and antipsychotic/benzodiazepine dose were included as confounders in the analyses. Higher scan-interval antipsychotic dose associated to volume increase in lateral ventricles and higher benzodiazepine dose associated to volume decrease in the caudate nucleus during the 9-year follow-up. In the 43-year study, higher lifetime antipsychotic dose associated to smaller nucleus accumbens volume in schizophrenia. In comparison, higher lifetime benzodiazepine dose associated to larger volumes of total gray matter, cerebral gray matter, and thalamus in affective psychoses. In analyses without illness severity and other medication as confounders, there were several statistically significant associations. It seems that long-term antipsychotic use may associate to structural brain changes in schizophrenia and some associations may be confounded by symptoms and the use of benzodiazepines. These findings underline the importance of taking benzodiazepine use and other confounding factors into account when studying the effects of antipsychotics on the brain. Further studies should focus on how these findings relate to cognition and functioning.

Tiivistelmä Psykoosilääkityksen yhteys skitsofreniassa tapahtuviin aivomuutoksiin on epäselvä. Aiemmat kuvantamistutkimukset eivät ole tutkineet bentsodiatsepiinien käyttöä, vaikka niiden käyttö on yhdistetty heikompaan kognititioon. Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli selvittää pitkäaikaisen psykoosi- ja bentsodiatsepiinlääkityksen yhteyttä aivojen rakenteisiin skitsofreniassa. Systemaattisen katsauksen ja meta-analyysin perusteella suurempi psykoosilääkeannos liittyi päälakilohkon tilavuuden pienenemiseen sekä tyvitumakkeiden koon kasvuun skitsofreniassa pitkäaikaisseurannoissa. Aikaisempi kirjallisuus on erittäin heterogeenistä ja tutkimusten kokonaismäärä on pieni (N=34). Suurin osa löydöksistä ei…

Advisors/Committee Members: Miettunen, J. (Jouko), Jääskeläinen, E. (Erika), Murray, G. (Graham).

Subjects/Keywords: antipsychotics; benzodiazepines; brain structures; schizophrenia; aivot; bentsodiatsepiinit; psykoosilääkkeet; skitsofrenia; MRI

6 more images…

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APA (6^th Edition):

Huhtaniska, S. (. (2018). The association between antipsychotic and benzodiazepine use with brain morphology and its changes in schizophrenia. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Oulu. Retrieved from http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526217598

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Huhtaniska, S (Sanna). “The association between antipsychotic and benzodiazepine use with brain morphology and its changes in schizophrenia.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Oulu. Accessed March 06, 2021. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526217598.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Huhtaniska, S (Sanna). “The association between antipsychotic and benzodiazepine use with brain morphology and its changes in schizophrenia.” 2018. Web. 06 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Huhtaniska S(. The association between antipsychotic and benzodiazepine use with brain morphology and its changes in schizophrenia. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Oulu; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 06]. Available from: http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526217598.

Council of Science Editors:

Huhtaniska S(. The association between antipsychotic and benzodiazepine use with brain morphology and its changes in schizophrenia. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Oulu; 2018. Available from: http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526217598

Univerzitet u Beogradu

26. Joksimović, Srđan M., 1981-. Značaj modulacije pojedinih podtipova benzodiazepinskog mesta vezivanja GABAA receptora za ispoljavanje bihejvioralnih efekata benzodiazepina.

Degree: Farmaceutski fakultet, 2015, Univerzitet u Beogradu

URL: https://fedorabg.bg.ac.rs/fedora/get/o:7659/bdef:Content/get

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Farmacija - Farmakologija / Pharmacy - Pharmacology

Ubrzo nakon otkrića supstanci benzodiazepinske strukture 60–tih godina prošlog veka, diazepam je postao jedan od najpropisivanijih lekova (Valium®).… (more)

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Farmacija - Farmakologija / Pharmacy - Pharmacology

Ubrzo nakon otkrića supstanci benzodiazepinske strukture 60–tih godina prošlog veka, diazepam je postao jedan od najpropisivanijih lekova (Valium®). Međutim, iako i dalje vrlo popularni lekovi, benzodiazepini se u modernoj kliničkoj praksi propisuju sa mnogo više predostrožnosti, što se može povezati sa pojavom novijih terapijskih alternativa, ali i ne tako povoljnog bezbednosnog profila. Svi benzodiazepini koji se nalaze u kliničkoj upotrebi su neselektivni pozitivni alosterni modulatori benzodiazepinskog mesta vezivanja GABAA receptora. Ovo vezno mesto se nalazi na međupovršini između α i γ2 podjedinice GABAA receptora, koji se najčešće sastoji od 1 γ, 2 β i 2 α (α1, α2, α3 ili α5) podjedinice. Benzodiazepini, primenjeni akutno, ispoljavaju sedativni, hipnotički, anksiolitički, antikonvulzivni, miorelaksantni i amnezijski efekat u eksperimentalnih životinja i ljudi. Višekratna primena benzodiazepina može dovesti do fizičke zavisnosti tako da se po prekidu terapije mogu pojaviti znaci sindroma obustave, a poznato je i da ovi lekovi mogu biti lekovi zloupotrebe. Komparabilan afinitet i značajna potencijacija sva četiri podtipa GABAA receptora zaslužni su za ovako širok spektar delovanja benzodiazepina. Svi ovi nedostaci uticali su na smanjenje kliničke upotrebe benzodiazepina, ali su istovremeno inspirisali razvoj supstanci selektivnih za pojedine podtipove GABAA receptora – od kojih potencijalno najveći terapijski značaj imaju anksioselektivni anksiolitici – čime bi se postiglo razdvajanje željenih od neželjenih efekata. Razvoj selektivnih liganada se u velikoj meri oslanjao na rezultate studija na genetski modifikovanim miševima, koji su jasno ukazali na vezu između pojedinih podtipova GABAA receptora i različitih efekata benzodiazepina. Tako su sedativni, amnezijski, ataksični i delom antikonvulzivni efekat diazepama pripisani populaciji α1 GABAA receptora, anksiolitički α2–, a u određenim okolnostima i α3 GABAA receptorima, u posredovanju miorelaksantnog efekta učestvuju α2/α3/α5 GABAA receptori, dok su za uticaj na određene memorijske procese odgovorni GABAA receptori koji sadrže α5 podjedinicu..

Advisors/Committee Members: Savić, Miroslav, 1973-.

Subjects/Keywords: benzodiazepines; subtype–selective ligands; GABAA receptor; behavior; Wistar rat

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APA (6^th Edition):

Joksimović, Srđan M., 1. (2015). Značaj modulacije pojedinih podtipova benzodiazepinskog mesta vezivanja GABAA receptora za ispoljavanje bihejvioralnih efekata benzodiazepina. (Thesis). Univerzitet u Beogradu. Retrieved from https://fedorabg.bg.ac.rs/fedora/get/o:7659/bdef:Content/get

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Joksimović, Srđan M., 1981-. “Značaj modulacije pojedinih podtipova benzodiazepinskog mesta vezivanja GABAA receptora za ispoljavanje bihejvioralnih efekata benzodiazepina.” 2015. Thesis, Univerzitet u Beogradu. Accessed March 06, 2021. https://fedorabg.bg.ac.rs/fedora/get/o:7659/bdef:Content/get.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Joksimović, Srđan M., 1981-. “Značaj modulacije pojedinih podtipova benzodiazepinskog mesta vezivanja GABAA receptora za ispoljavanje bihejvioralnih efekata benzodiazepina.” 2015. Web. 06 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Joksimović, Srđan M. 1. Značaj modulacije pojedinih podtipova benzodiazepinskog mesta vezivanja GABAA receptora za ispoljavanje bihejvioralnih efekata benzodiazepina. [Internet] [Thesis]. Univerzitet u Beogradu; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 06]. Available from: https://fedorabg.bg.ac.rs/fedora/get/o:7659/bdef:Content/get.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Joksimović, Srđan M. 1. Značaj modulacije pojedinih podtipova benzodiazepinskog mesta vezivanja GABAA receptora za ispoljavanje bihejvioralnih efekata benzodiazepina. [Thesis]. Univerzitet u Beogradu; 2015. Available from: https://fedorabg.bg.ac.rs/fedora/get/o:7659/bdef:Content/get

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Boston University

27. Zhen, Lin. Effects of filtration sterilization on the stability of ketamine, selected benzodiazepines and metabolites in female urine.

Degree: MS, Biomedical Forensic Sciences, 2017, Boston University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2144/20791

► Benzodiazepines (Benzos) and ketamine (K) are compounds that have been encountered in Drug-Facilitated Sexual Assault (DFSA) cases. Due to the intimate nature of these crimes,… (more)

▼ Benzodiazepines (Benzos) and ketamine (K) are compounds that have been encountered in Drug-Facilitated Sexual Assault (DFSA) cases. Due to the intimate nature of these crimes, evidence collection is often postponed due to delays and/or reluctance in reporting these crimes. Further delays in analysis may be encountered in laboratories with large caseloads and/or backlogs. Drug identification in biological samples is important to determine whether victims knowingly or unknowingly took an impairing substance, however, the results could be negative due to chemical degradation over a long storage period. The purpose of this project was to study if degradation could be prevented with a new preservation method at the time of collection. Urine samples were prepared by the addition of K and metabolites and selected benzos and metabolites that were subjected to different sample pre-treatment techniques, and were analyzed after storage at room temperature (25°C), refrigerator (4°C) and freezer (-20°). The samples were either pre-treated with preservative (0.5% toluene) or filtration sterilization (sterile filter kit) within two hours after sample collection, and a control group with no pre-treatment was incorporated into the study for comparison. The changes in concentrations over 50 days (Benzos group) and 210 days (K group) were evaluated between different pre-treated methods and different temperature conditions. Sample that were treated with 0.5% toluene showed the most degradation: 44% of oxazepam and 96% of diazepam degraded over 10 days, and 80% of dehydronorketamine degraded after storage of 150 days regardless the temperature conditions. Clonazepam and flunitrazepam concentrations were reduced by 80% of the original concentration when stored at room temperature for 10 days. The major benzodiazepines evaluated in this study were stable when stored in the freezer. In K group, ketamine and norketamine that were stored at room temperature and refrigerated over 210 days were stable, however, degradation was observed after 150 days when the samples were stored in the freezer. There was no statistically different change observed among the samples pre-treated with or without filtration sterilization. Each sample pH was measured and it was determined that those stored at room temperature had an average pH of 8.5, while samples stored in the refrigerator and freezer had an average pH of 6.7 and 6.5, respectively. This finding revealed that pH could be the major factor affecting compound degradation rather than the bacterial contamination with high pH contributing to degradation, and low pH potentially preventing sample lost.

Subjects/Keywords: Toxicology; Benzodiazepines; Compound degradation; Filtration sterilization; Ketamine; LCMS; Preservation

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Zhen, L. (2017). Effects of filtration sterilization on the stability of ketamine, selected benzodiazepines and metabolites in female urine. (Masters Thesis). Boston University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2144/20791

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Zhen, Lin. “Effects of filtration sterilization on the stability of ketamine, selected benzodiazepines and metabolites in female urine.” 2017. Masters Thesis, Boston University. Accessed March 06, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2144/20791.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Zhen, Lin. “Effects of filtration sterilization on the stability of ketamine, selected benzodiazepines and metabolites in female urine.” 2017. Web. 06 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Zhen L. Effects of filtration sterilization on the stability of ketamine, selected benzodiazepines and metabolites in female urine. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Boston University; 2017. [cited 2021 Mar 06]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2144/20791.

Council of Science Editors:

Zhen L. Effects of filtration sterilization on the stability of ketamine, selected benzodiazepines and metabolites in female urine. [Masters Thesis]. Boston University; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2144/20791

University of Arizona

28. Regan, John Ward. THE CHARACTERIZATION AND REGULATION OF BENZODIAZEPINE BINDING SITES IN THE MAMMALIAN RETINA, CEREBRAL CORTEX AND KIDNEY .

Degree: 1981, University of Arizona

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/281953

► The binding of [³H]flunitrazepam (FLU) to membranes prepared from mammalian brain, retina and kidney was investigated by means of conventional filtration assay techniques. In the… (more)

▼ The binding of [³H]flunitrazepam (FLU) to membranes prepared from mammalian brain, retina and kidney was investigated by means of conventional filtration assay techniques. In the mouse brain a study of the ontogeny of [³H]FLU binding was conducted. Specific [³H]FLU binding was present early in development and there was a rapid increase in receptor density (Bmax) during the first 2 weeks of neonatal life. This increase could be described by the function, a·eᵏˣ, where a = 1.8 pmol/brain, k = 0.23 weeks⁻¹ and x = time in weeks (r = 0.98). By 3-4 weeks of age, adult levels of [³H]FLU binding were reached (∼115 fmol/mg tissue). Notable changes in the equilibrium dissociation constant (K(d)) during development were not observed. γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) has previously been shown to increase the affinity of [³H]FLU binding in the adult rat brain; in the present studies this effect was shown to be present throughout the development of the mouse brain. Kinetic analyses of the GABA enhancement of [³H]FLU binding indicated that the change in K(d) was due to a decrease in the rate constant of dissociation (k₋₁). [³H]FLU binding has been shown to occur in the mammalian retina and it has all the characteristics of cerebral [³H]FLU binding. Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is toxic to retinal neurons and it was used to ascertain the putative cellular localization of retinal BZD binding sites. Nine weeks following neonatal MSG administration, histologic evidence showed the virtual absence of ganglion cells and a marked reduction in the number of inner nuclear neurons in MSG retinae. A corresponding 73 percent decrease in GABA content and a 77 percent decrease in the Bmax of [³H]FLU were found in the retinae from MSG treated rats as compared to controls. There were no significant changes in [³H]FLU binding in the cerebella, cerebral cortices and hypothalami from MSG treated rats. The binding of [³H]FLU was characterized for the rat kidney. Binding was specific, saturable and of moderately high affinity (Bmax, ∼320 fmol/mg tissue; K(d), ∼11 nM). Drug specificity studies with renal membranes showed that inhibition of [³H]FLU binding by various BZD's did not correlate either with their pharmacologic potency as anxiolytic agents or with their potency as inhibitors of [³H]FLU binding in the brain. An intrarenal distribution of specific [³H]FLU binding was found in the bovine kidney; specific binding was greatest in the outer cortex and virtually absent in the medulla, the minor calyx and the renal artery. In rats made hypertensive by simultaneous deoxycorticosterone acetate and NaCl administration, there was a significant 35-43 percent increase in the Bmax of renal [³H]FLU binding. Binding in the cerebral cortex of these animals was unchanged. The inhibition of [³H]FLU binding by a triazolopyridazine (CL 218,872) was studied in membranes prepared from bovine retina, rat cerebral cortex, cerebellum and kidney. The affinity of CL 218,872 for the inhibition of [³H]FLU binding was greatest in the cerebellum, followed by the retina, cerebral… Advisors/Committee Members: Yamamura, Henry I (advisor), Roeske, William R (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Benzodiazepines.; Binding sites (Biochemistry); Flunitrazepam.

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Regan, J. W. (1981). THE CHARACTERIZATION AND REGULATION OF BENZODIAZEPINE BINDING SITES IN THE MAMMALIAN RETINA, CEREBRAL CORTEX AND KIDNEY . (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Arizona. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10150/281953

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Regan, John Ward. “THE CHARACTERIZATION AND REGULATION OF BENZODIAZEPINE BINDING SITES IN THE MAMMALIAN RETINA, CEREBRAL CORTEX AND KIDNEY .” 1981. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Arizona. Accessed March 06, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/281953.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Regan, John Ward. “THE CHARACTERIZATION AND REGULATION OF BENZODIAZEPINE BINDING SITES IN THE MAMMALIAN RETINA, CEREBRAL CORTEX AND KIDNEY .” 1981. Web. 06 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Regan JW. THE CHARACTERIZATION AND REGULATION OF BENZODIAZEPINE BINDING SITES IN THE MAMMALIAN RETINA, CEREBRAL CORTEX AND KIDNEY . [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Arizona; 1981. [cited 2021 Mar 06]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/281953.

Council of Science Editors:

Regan JW. THE CHARACTERIZATION AND REGULATION OF BENZODIAZEPINE BINDING SITES IN THE MAMMALIAN RETINA, CEREBRAL CORTEX AND KIDNEY . [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Arizona; 1981. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/281953

Hong Kong University of Science and Technology

29. Xu, Zhiwen. Topology characterization of a benzodiazepine-binding domain of GABAA receptor and anxiolytic-like effect of baicalin acting through the benzodiazepine-binding site.

Degree: 2005, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology

URL: http://repository.ust.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-2522 ; https://doi.org/10.14711/thesis-b878066 ; http://repository.ust.hk/ir/bitstream/1783.1-2522/1/th_redirect.html

► Structural investigation of GABAA receptors has been limited by difficulties imposed by its transmembrane-complex nature. In the present study, the topology of a membrane-proximal β-rich… (more)

▼ Structural investigation of GABAA receptors has been limited by difficulties imposed by its transmembrane-complex nature. In the present study, the topology of a membrane-proximal β-rich (MPB) domain in the C139-L269 segment of the receptor α1, subunit was probed by mapping the benzodiazepine (BZ)-binding and epitopic sites, as well as fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) analysis. Ala-scanning and semi-conservative substitutions within this segment revealed the contribution of the phenyl rings of Y160 and Y210, the hydroxy group of S186 and the positive charge on R187 to BZ-binding. FRET with the bound BZ ligand indicated the proximity of Y160, S186, R187 and S206 to the BZ-binding site. On the other hand, epitope-mapping using the monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against the MPB domain established a clustering of T172, R173, E174, Q196 and T197. Based on the lack of FRET between Trp substitutionally placed at R173 or V198 and bound BZ, this epitope-mapped cluster is located on a separate end of the folded protein from the BZ-binding site. Mutations of the five conserved Cys and Trp residues in the MPB domain gave rise to synergistic and rescuing effects on protein secondary structures and unfolding stability that point to a CCWCW-pentad, reminiscent to the CWC-triad 'pin' of immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domains, important for the structural maintenance. These findings, together with secondary structure and fold predictions suggest an anti-parallel β-strand topology with resemblance to Ig-like fold, having the BZ-binding and the epitopic residues being clustered at two different ends of the fold. Baicalin, a naturally occurring flavonoid, was previously reported to have moderate affinity toward the BZ-binding site of GABAA receptor, and exert anxiolytic-like effects in the Vogel conflict test. In the present study, the anxiolytic effects of baicalin alone and in combination with other anxiolytics were tested in mice using the elevated plus-maze (EPM). Baicalin treatment (7.5 -30 mg/kg) significantly increased entries into and time spent in open arms, indicative of an anxiolytic-like effect. Motor-depressive and myorelaxant side effects commonly associated with anxiolytics were not observed with baicalin at effective anxiolytic doses in the holeboard and horizontal wire tests, respectively. Co-administration of baicalin (3.75 mg/kg) with dl-tetrahydropalmatine (dl-THP; 0.25 mg/kg), an anxiolytic-hypnotic alkaloid, both at sub-effective doses induced an additive effect resulting in considerable anxiolysis. Similarly, an additive anxiolytic-like effect was observed with baicalin (3.75 mg/kg) and diazepam (DZ; 0.5 mg/kg). Results obtained from this study demonstrated the potential of baicalin as a candidate anxiolytics and its possible application in multidrug therapy.

Subjects/Keywords: GABA – Receptors ; Benzodiazepines – Receptors

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Xu, Z. (2005). Topology characterization of a benzodiazepine-binding domain of GABAA receptor and anxiolytic-like effect of baicalin acting through the benzodiazepine-binding site. (Thesis). Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. Retrieved from http://repository.ust.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-2522 ; https://doi.org/10.14711/thesis-b878066 ; http://repository.ust.hk/ir/bitstream/1783.1-2522/1/th_redirect.html

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Xu, Zhiwen. “Topology characterization of a benzodiazepine-binding domain of GABAA receptor and anxiolytic-like effect of baicalin acting through the benzodiazepine-binding site.” 2005. Thesis, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. Accessed March 06, 2021. http://repository.ust.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-2522 ; https://doi.org/10.14711/thesis-b878066 ; http://repository.ust.hk/ir/bitstream/1783.1-2522/1/th_redirect.html.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Xu, Zhiwen. “Topology characterization of a benzodiazepine-binding domain of GABAA receptor and anxiolytic-like effect of baicalin acting through the benzodiazepine-binding site.” 2005. Web. 06 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Xu Z. Topology characterization of a benzodiazepine-binding domain of GABAA receptor and anxiolytic-like effect of baicalin acting through the benzodiazepine-binding site. [Internet] [Thesis]. Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; 2005. [cited 2021 Mar 06]. Available from: http://repository.ust.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-2522 ; https://doi.org/10.14711/thesis-b878066 ; http://repository.ust.hk/ir/bitstream/1783.1-2522/1/th_redirect.html.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Xu Z. Topology characterization of a benzodiazepine-binding domain of GABAA receptor and anxiolytic-like effect of baicalin acting through the benzodiazepine-binding site. [Thesis]. Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; 2005. Available from: http://repository.ust.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-2522 ; https://doi.org/10.14711/thesis-b878066 ; http://repository.ust.hk/ir/bitstream/1783.1-2522/1/th_redirect.html

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Hong Kong University of Science and Technology

30. Chan, Wing Man. Synergism and antagonism of the four different herbs in an anxiolytic herbal formula.

Degree: 2013, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology

URL: http://repository.ust.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-89142 ; https://doi.org/10.14711/thesis-b1213351 ; http://repository.ust.hk/ir/bitstream/1783.1-89142/1/th_redirect.html

► Classical benzodiazepines are the most frequently prescribed drugs acting on the central nervous system (CNS). They exert their therapeutic effects via binding to the benzodiazepine-site… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Anxiety ; Treatment ; Herbs ; Therapeutic use ; Benzodiazepines ; GABA ; Receptors

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Chan, W. M. (2013). Synergism and antagonism of the four different herbs in an anxiolytic herbal formula. (Thesis). Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. Retrieved from http://repository.ust.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-89142 ; https://doi.org/10.14711/thesis-b1213351 ; http://repository.ust.hk/ir/bitstream/1783.1-89142/1/th_redirect.html

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Chan, Wing Man. “Synergism and antagonism of the four different herbs in an anxiolytic herbal formula.” 2013. Thesis, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. Accessed March 06, 2021. http://repository.ust.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-89142 ; https://doi.org/10.14711/thesis-b1213351 ; http://repository.ust.hk/ir/bitstream/1783.1-89142/1/th_redirect.html.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Chan, Wing Man. “Synergism and antagonism of the four different herbs in an anxiolytic herbal formula.” 2013. Web. 06 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Chan WM. Synergism and antagonism of the four different herbs in an anxiolytic herbal formula. [Internet] [Thesis]. Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; 2013. [cited 2021 Mar 06]. Available from: http://repository.ust.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-89142 ; https://doi.org/10.14711/thesis-b1213351 ; http://repository.ust.hk/ir/bitstream/1783.1-89142/1/th_redirect.html.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Chan WM. Synergism and antagonism of the four different herbs in an anxiolytic herbal formula. [Thesis]. Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; 2013. Available from: http://repository.ust.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-89142 ; https://doi.org/10.14711/thesis-b1213351 ; http://repository.ust.hk/ir/bitstream/1783.1-89142/1/th_redirect.html

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

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