subject:(Beef Cattle)

Michigan State University

1. Lust, David Glenn. Accelerated beef production : efficiency, composition and acceptability of beef from five biological types slaughtered at three weight endpoints.

Degree: MS, Department of Animal Science, 1989, Michigan State University

URL: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:20892

Subjects/Keywords: Beef cattle; Beef

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APA (6^th Edition):

Lust, D. G. (1989). Accelerated beef production : efficiency, composition and acceptability of beef from five biological types slaughtered at three weight endpoints. (Masters Thesis). Michigan State University. Retrieved from http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:20892

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Lust, David Glenn. “Accelerated beef production : efficiency, composition and acceptability of beef from five biological types slaughtered at three weight endpoints.” 1989. Masters Thesis, Michigan State University. Accessed January 22, 2021. http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:20892.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Lust, David Glenn. “Accelerated beef production : efficiency, composition and acceptability of beef from five biological types slaughtered at three weight endpoints.” 1989. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Lust DG. Accelerated beef production : efficiency, composition and acceptability of beef from five biological types slaughtered at three weight endpoints. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Michigan State University; 1989. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:20892.

Council of Science Editors:

Lust DG. Accelerated beef production : efficiency, composition and acceptability of beef from five biological types slaughtered at three weight endpoints. [Masters Thesis]. Michigan State University; 1989. Available from: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:20892

Texas Tech University

2. Kent, Wendell L. Effect of age on biochemical constituents and palatability characteristics of muscle tissue from beef cattle.

Degree: Agriculture, 1963, Texas Tech University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2346/15634

Subjects/Keywords: Beef; Beef cattle

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APA (6^th Edition):

Kent, W. L. (1963). Effect of age on biochemical constituents and palatability characteristics of muscle tissue from beef cattle. (Thesis). Texas Tech University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2346/15634

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kent, Wendell L. “Effect of age on biochemical constituents and palatability characteristics of muscle tissue from beef cattle.” 1963. Thesis, Texas Tech University. Accessed January 22, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2346/15634.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kent, Wendell L. “Effect of age on biochemical constituents and palatability characteristics of muscle tissue from beef cattle.” 1963. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Kent WL. Effect of age on biochemical constituents and palatability characteristics of muscle tissue from beef cattle. [Internet] [Thesis]. Texas Tech University; 1963. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2346/15634.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Kent WL. Effect of age on biochemical constituents and palatability characteristics of muscle tissue from beef cattle. [Thesis]. Texas Tech University; 1963. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2346/15634

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Arkansas

3. Palmer, Elizabeth. Effect of Yeast Supplementation During Various Stages of Beef Production.

Degree: MS, 2018, University of Arkansas

URL: https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/2918

► Supplemental dietary yeast products are beneficial during times of stress. Calves experience increased levels of stress during birth, weaning, and the post-weaning receiving period.… (more)

▼ Supplemental dietary yeast products are beneficial during times of stress. Calves experience increased levels of stress during birth, weaning, and the post-weaning receiving period. Therefore, 3 experiments were conducted to determine how yeast supplementation affects growth performance and health during this time. In experiment 1, 2 truckloads of highly stressed calves (n = 175; initial body weight [BW] = 226 ± 24.5 kg) were assigned randomly to 1 of 3 treatments; unsupplemented control, or supplementation with 2 commercial yeast products (Y1 and Y2). Average daily gain (ADG) was not different (P = 0.99) during the 28 d receiving period; nor was there any difference (P = 0.29) in the percentage of calves treated for bovine respiratory disease. In experiment 2, heifer calves (n = 95; initial BW = 165 ± 27 kg) were randomly assigned to pastures and pastures were randomly assigned to treatment: 1) no yeast (CON), or 2) addition of yeast product (YP). Heifers were supplied treatments for 35 d prior to weaning and through a 42-d backgrounding period. Average daily gain prior to weaning was not different (P ≥ 0.45) between treatments. However, CON had increased (P = 0.01) ADG compared to YP from weaning to the end of the backgrounding period. Microbiome analysis found that supplemental yeast did not dramatically change α or β diversity nor was there a difference in community structure for rumen bacteria; fecal α or β diversity were different on d 34. In experiment 3, late gestation cows (n = 97) were supplemented YP approximately 45 d prior to parturition. At parturition colostrum and blood samples (n = 30) were collected to determine the effect on passive transfer. Supplementation ended 22 d after the last calf was born (d 85). Body weight on d 85 was greater (P = 0.01) for YP calves compared with CON. Cows that were supplemented YP had a lower (P = 0.03) neutrophil:lymphocyte at hour 0 and 48 after parturition. Similarly, calves on YP treatment had a lower (P = 0.02) neutrophil:lymphocyte at hour 48. Overall, effects of yeast supplementation have been variable between the 3 experiments. Advisors/Committee Members: Elizabeth Kegley, Paul Beck, Jeremy Powell.

Subjects/Keywords: Beef Cattle; Health; Yeast; Beef Science

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APA (6^th Edition):

Palmer, E. (2018). Effect of Yeast Supplementation During Various Stages of Beef Production. (Masters Thesis). University of Arkansas. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/2918

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Palmer, Elizabeth. “Effect of Yeast Supplementation During Various Stages of Beef Production.” 2018. Masters Thesis, University of Arkansas. Accessed January 22, 2021. https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/2918.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Palmer, Elizabeth. “Effect of Yeast Supplementation During Various Stages of Beef Production.” 2018. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Palmer E. Effect of Yeast Supplementation During Various Stages of Beef Production. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Arkansas; 2018. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/2918.

Council of Science Editors:

Palmer E. Effect of Yeast Supplementation During Various Stages of Beef Production. [Masters Thesis]. University of Arkansas; 2018. Available from: https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/2918

Michigan State University

4. Foster, Tristan Parker. A comparison of beef traceability models during serial and parallel processing methods.

Degree: 2016, Michigan State University

URL: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:3894

►

Thesis M.S. Michigan State University. Animal Science 2016

ABSTRACTA COMPARISON OF BEEF TRACEABILITY MODELS DURING SERIAL AND PARALLEL PROCESSINGByTristan Parker FosterTraceability of beef attributes through… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Beef cattle – Carcasses – Michigan – Identification; Beef – Processing – Michigan; Beef cattle – Carcasses; Beef – Processing; Animal sciences

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APA (6^th Edition):

Foster, T. P. (2016). A comparison of beef traceability models during serial and parallel processing methods. (Thesis). Michigan State University. Retrieved from http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:3894

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Foster, Tristan Parker. “A comparison of beef traceability models during serial and parallel processing methods.” 2016. Thesis, Michigan State University. Accessed January 22, 2021. http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:3894.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Foster, Tristan Parker. “A comparison of beef traceability models during serial and parallel processing methods.” 2016. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Foster TP. A comparison of beef traceability models during serial and parallel processing methods. [Internet] [Thesis]. Michigan State University; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:3894.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Foster TP. A comparison of beef traceability models during serial and parallel processing methods. [Thesis]. Michigan State University; 2016. Available from: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:3894

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Oregon State University

5. Marques, Rodrigo Da Silva. Nutritional Management of Beef Cows During Late-Gestation to Enhance Offspring Productivity.

Degree: PhD, Animal Sciences, 2017, Oregon State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/60563

► Two experiments evaluated nutritional management of late-gestating beef cows to enhance offspring productivity. The objective of experiment 1 was to evaluate the effects of organic… (more)

▼ Two experiments evaluated nutritional management of late-gestating beef cows to enhance offspring productivity. The objective of experiment 1 was to evaluate the effects of organic and inorganic Cu, Mn, Zn, and Co supplementation to beef cows during late-gestation on performance and physiological responses of the offspring. The objective of experiment 2 was to evaluate the effects of rumen-protected essential fatty acid (EFA) supplementation to beef cows during the last trimester of gestation on performance and physiological responses of the offspring. In experiment 1, 84 multiparous, non-lactating, pregnant Angus × Hereford cows were ranked by pregnancy type (AI = 56 and natural service = 28), BW, and BCS, and allocated to 21 drylot pens at the end of their 2nd trimester of gestation (day 0). Pens were assigned to receive forage-based diets containing: 1) sulfate sources of Cu, Co, Mn, and Zn (INR), 2) an organic complexed source of Cu, Mn, Co, and Zn (AAC; Availa®4; Zinpro Corporation, Eden Prairie, MN), or 3) no supplemental Cu, Co, Mn, and Zn (CON). Diets were offered from day (d) 0 until calving and formulated to meet requirements for energy, protein, macrominerals, Se, I, and vitamins. The INR and AAC diets provided the same daily amount of Cu, Co, Mn, and Zn. Cow BW and BCS were recorded, and liver samples were collected on d -10 and 2 weeks (wk; d 75) before the calving season. Within 3 h after calving, calf BW was recorded, liver samples were collected, and the expelled placenta was retrieved (n = 47 placentas). Calves were weaned on d 283 of the experiment, preconditioned for 45 d (d 283 to 328), transferred to a growing lot on d 328, and moved to a finishing lot on d 440 where they remained until slaughter. Liver Co, Cu, and Zn concentrations on d 75 were greater (P ≤ 0.05) for INR and AAC compared with CON cows, whereas INR had reduced (P = 0.04) liver Co but greater (P = 0.03) liver Cu compared with AAC cows. In placental cotyledons, Co concentrations were greater (P ≤ 0.05) in AAC and INR compared with CON cows, whereas Cu concentrations were only increased (P = 0.05) in AAC compared with CON cows. Calves from INR and AAC had greater (P < 0.01) liver Co concentrations at birth compared with calves from CON cows. Liver Cu and Zn concentrations at birth were greater (P ≤ 0.05) in calves from AAC compared with cohorts from CON cows. Weaning BW was greater (P ≤ 0.05) in calves from AAC compared with cohorts from CON cows, and this difference was maintained until slaughter. In the growing lot, calves from AAC cows had reduced (P < 0.01) incidence of bovine respiratory disease compared with CON and INR cohorts. In experiment 2, 96 multiparous, non-lactating, pregnant Angus × Hereford cows were stratified by BW and BCS, and divided into 24 groups of 4 cows/group at the end of their 2nd trimester of gestation (d -7). All cows became pregnant during the same estrus-synchronization + AI protocol, with semen from a single sire. Groups were randomly assigned to receive (as-fed basis) 452 g/cow daily of soybean… Advisors/Committee Members: Cooke, Reinaldo F. (advisor), Estill, Charles (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: fetal programming; Beef cattle – Nutrition

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APA (6^th Edition):

Marques, R. D. S. (2017). Nutritional Management of Beef Cows During Late-Gestation to Enhance Offspring Productivity. (Doctoral Dissertation). Oregon State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1957/60563

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Marques, Rodrigo Da Silva. “Nutritional Management of Beef Cows During Late-Gestation to Enhance Offspring Productivity.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, Oregon State University. Accessed January 22, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/60563.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Marques, Rodrigo Da Silva. “Nutritional Management of Beef Cows During Late-Gestation to Enhance Offspring Productivity.” 2017. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Marques RDS. Nutritional Management of Beef Cows During Late-Gestation to Enhance Offspring Productivity. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Oregon State University; 2017. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/60563.

Council of Science Editors:

Marques RDS. Nutritional Management of Beef Cows During Late-Gestation to Enhance Offspring Productivity. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Oregon State University; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/60563

Oregon State University

6. Barker, Randolph. Economic alternatives of beef enterprises on Oregon wheat-fallow farms.

Degree: MS, Agricultural Economics, 1957, Oregon State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/20248

Subjects/Keywords: Beef cattle

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APA (6^th Edition):

Barker, R. (1957). Economic alternatives of beef enterprises on Oregon wheat-fallow farms. (Masters Thesis). Oregon State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1957/20248

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Barker, Randolph. “Economic alternatives of beef enterprises on Oregon wheat-fallow farms.” 1957. Masters Thesis, Oregon State University. Accessed January 22, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/20248.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Barker, Randolph. “Economic alternatives of beef enterprises on Oregon wheat-fallow farms.” 1957. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Barker R. Economic alternatives of beef enterprises on Oregon wheat-fallow farms. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Oregon State University; 1957. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/20248.

Council of Science Editors:

Barker R. Economic alternatives of beef enterprises on Oregon wheat-fallow farms. [Masters Thesis]. Oregon State University; 1957. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/20248

Oregon State University

7. Schons, Debra Jo. Population analysis of a commercial beef cattle herd.

Degree: MS, Animal Science, 1984, Oregon State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/40433

► Twenty-four years of records (1958-1981) from a commercial Angus ranch were utilized in a population analysis to characterize the herd as a biological unit. The… (more)

▼ Twenty-four years of records (1958-1981) from a commercial Angus ranch were utilized in a population analysis to characterize the herd as a biological unit. The herd averaged 632±129 cows and 123±6 replacement heifers with all replacement heifers and many bulls from within the herd. Life tables were calculated for seven full cohorts (1958-1964) and for 15 partial cohorts (1965-1979) with data corrected for a large herd reduction sale in 1967. The model used was female only, for seasonal breeders with overlapping generations, and a time reference of immediately postpartum. Leaving the herd for any reason was equated with mortality. Nine statistics are reported: probability, at birth, of surviving to age x (Lx); age-specific survival and mortality rates (Px and Qx); expected herd life (Ex); age-specific birth rate (Mx); reproductive value (Vx); net reproductive rate (Ro); generation interval (T), and instantaneous rate of population increase (r). Average life table statistics were calculated to characterize the herd. The Lx curve was a quadratic curve (R² =.91); Px and Qx reflected culling for replacements and increased mortality after age 11; the highest Ex was 5.73±.31 at one year of age (replacement heifers); Mx ranged from .33 to .47 with no age-specific pattern; Ro, T and r equaled 1.261.18, 5.62±.13 and .03±.03, respectively. Comparisons were made with two other studies of demographic analysis of beef cattle populations. Descriptive statistics were calculated, overall and by cohort, for productive years in the herd (YIH), total offspring per cow (TOC) and replacement daughters per cow (ROC). The YIH, TOC and RDC statistics averaged 4.49±.09, 3.78±.09 and 1.10±.03, respectively. Descriptive statistics and maximum possible values were calculated for three measures of genetic contribution by the summation of additive genetic relationships between a foundation animal from the 1959 cohort replacement heifers to the 1981 cohort replacement heifers (coefficient of cohort descent, CCD), to the 1981 herd (coefficient of herd descent, CHD), or to all their female descendants (coefficient of gene replication, CGR). The CCD, CHD and CGR statistics had means (and maxima) of .007±.003 (17.2), .06±.021 (102) and .486±.086 (> 400), respectively. Advisors/Committee Members: Hohenboken, William D. (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Beef cattle

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APA (6^th Edition):

Schons, D. J. (1984). Population analysis of a commercial beef cattle herd. (Masters Thesis). Oregon State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1957/40433

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Schons, Debra Jo. “Population analysis of a commercial beef cattle herd.” 1984. Masters Thesis, Oregon State University. Accessed January 22, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/40433.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Schons, Debra Jo. “Population analysis of a commercial beef cattle herd.” 1984. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Schons DJ. Population analysis of a commercial beef cattle herd. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Oregon State University; 1984. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/40433.

Council of Science Editors:

Schons DJ. Population analysis of a commercial beef cattle herd. [Masters Thesis]. Oregon State University; 1984. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/40433

Oregon State University

8. Daugherty, Dennis A. Nutrition and management of the beef unit for production of slaughter animals on range and improved pastures in southeastern Oregon.

Degree: PhD, Animal Science, 1980, Oregon State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/42139

► Studies were conducted over a two year period to evaluate alternative finishing methods for spring and fall-born beef cattle. Management alternatives from birth to slaughter… (more)

▼ Studies were conducted over a two year period to evaluate alternative finishing methods for spring and fall-born beef cattle. Management alternatives from birth to slaughter included season of calving, lactating cow nutrition, preweaning calf nutrition, weaning age, calf and yearling winter nutrition, range and irrigated pasture supplementation, grazing practice, range or irrigated pasture finishing with limited grain and feedlot finishing. Increased levels of energy supplementation for spring-born calves wintered on alfalfa hay or bluegrass straw increased (P<.05) daily gains resulting in heavier (P<.05) calves by spring turnout. However, winter gain was inversely related to subsequent spring and summer gains on range. A grazing practice designed to remove the top 30% of available forage in a pasture and then moving to a fresh pasture compared to season long (continuous) grazing increased (P<.05) summer gains of steers on creasted wheatgrass range. Summer gains for yearling steers grazing irrigated pasture were increased (P.05) on clover-orchardgrass compared to clover-fescue pasture mixes. Following the grazing season on either crested wheatgrass range or irrigated pastures, steers were either worked up to a full feed of grain on their respective pasture or finished in a feedlot. Feedlot finishing increased (P<.05) daily gains compared to range finishing and produced slaughter animals with fewer (P<.05) days on feed. Although daily grain intake was reduced on range, range finished steers consumed an average of 105 kg more grain to reach slaughter weight. Feedlot finishing increased (PC.05) quality grades compared to range finishing. No differences were found in taste panel acceptability. Irrigated pasture vs feedlot finishing comparisons were affected by breed differences between trials. Late maturing Hereford- Simmental steers in trial 1 required longer finishing periods in the feedlot to reach desired USDA good grades. The irrigated pasture steers were finished to a desired weight and graded standard. This resulted in a depression of daily gains in the feedlot and doubled the grain consumption. Early mature Heteford-Angus steers and heifers in trial 2 had increased (P<.05) gains in the feedlot. Feedlot animals finished in fewer days on feed but consumed equal amounts of grain due to higher daily grain intakes. Taste panel acceptability was similar for treatments in trial 1 even-though quality grades were different. All beef in both trials was considered acceptable to consumers. Fall-born calf gain was increased (P<.05) during the winter by increased levels of energy supplementation (5% increase of NRC requirement). However, the gain advantage was lost on subsequent summer range. Winter creep feeding of fall-born calves increased (P<.05) winter gains and resulted in heavier (P<.05) weaning weights. Early weaning calves in April onto irrigated pasture vs weaning in August off range resulted in lower (P<.05) daily gains. However, gains on irrigated pasture were maintained at… Advisors/Committee Members: Turner, Harley A. (advisor), Raleigh, R. J. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Beef cattle

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APA (6^th Edition):

Daugherty, D. A. (1980). Nutrition and management of the beef unit for production of slaughter animals on range and improved pastures in southeastern Oregon. (Doctoral Dissertation). Oregon State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1957/42139

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Daugherty, Dennis A. “Nutrition and management of the beef unit for production of slaughter animals on range and improved pastures in southeastern Oregon.” 1980. Doctoral Dissertation, Oregon State University. Accessed January 22, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/42139.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Daugherty, Dennis A. “Nutrition and management of the beef unit for production of slaughter animals on range and improved pastures in southeastern Oregon.” 1980. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Daugherty DA. Nutrition and management of the beef unit for production of slaughter animals on range and improved pastures in southeastern Oregon. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Oregon State University; 1980. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/42139.

Council of Science Editors:

Daugherty DA. Nutrition and management of the beef unit for production of slaughter animals on range and improved pastures in southeastern Oregon. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Oregon State University; 1980. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/42139

Oregon State University

9. Pirelli, G. J. (Gene J.). Scrotal circumference measurements as an indicator of growth in the male beef animal.

Degree: MS, Animal Science, 1979, Oregon State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/42436

► Testes size as an indicator of future growth was examined in a total of 45 bull calves from spring calves born in 1978 and 1979.… (more)

▼ Testes size as an indicator of future growth was examined in a total of 45 bull calves from spring calves born in 1978 and 1979. Scrotal circumference measurements were used as the physical indicator of testicle size in the live animal. Growth traits studied were preweaning average daily gain, weaning weight, feedlot gain, market weight and weight per day of age. Scrotal circumference measurements, and body weights were taken at birth, midpoint of the nursing period, and immediately before castration. Regression coefficients were calculated using preweaning growth traits as dependent on scrotal circumference. Birth scrotal circumference was significantly related only to mid-nursing weight (P<.05). Mid-nursing scrotal circumference significantly predicted (P<.01) mid-nursing to weaning growth rate, and weaning weight. Correlation coefficients calculated for mid-nursing circumference and growth traits were high and positive. Adjusting mid-nursing scrotal circumference for body weight decreased the correlation coefficients. Correlation coefficients calculated for the relationship of body weight and growth were high and positive as expected, and similar to values between scrotal circumference and growth. Twenty-three of the castrated animals were utilized in a postweaning feeding trial in order to examine the relationship of preweaning scrotal circumference to postweaning growth. Relationships between preweaning testes size and feedlot gains were nonsignificant. Measurements of scrotal circumference taken at mid-nursing and castration were both significantly correlated (P<.01) with market weight and weight per day of age, and so could be used as indicators of final weight. Birth testes size was a poor predictor of market traits as correlations were low. As expected, midpoint weight and weaning weight were highly correlated (P<.01) with end of feedlot trial weight. Early measurements such as at birth are not as valuable in making growth predictions as are later measurements. Findings indicate that measurements are best used to obtain a ranking of the animals on a within year basis. Finally, results suggest that scrotal circumference or body weight are of equal value in predicting future performance in male beef cattle and can be used as a management tool or practice. Advisors/Committee Members: Weber, Dale W. (advisor), Thomas, Dave (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Beef cattle

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APA (6^th Edition):

Pirelli, G. J. (. J. ). (1979). Scrotal circumference measurements as an indicator of growth in the male beef animal. (Masters Thesis). Oregon State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1957/42436

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Pirelli, G J (Gene J ). “Scrotal circumference measurements as an indicator of growth in the male beef animal.” 1979. Masters Thesis, Oregon State University. Accessed January 22, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/42436.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Pirelli, G J (Gene J ). “Scrotal circumference measurements as an indicator of growth in the male beef animal.” 1979. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Pirelli GJ(J). Scrotal circumference measurements as an indicator of growth in the male beef animal. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Oregon State University; 1979. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/42436.

Council of Science Editors:

Pirelli GJ(J). Scrotal circumference measurements as an indicator of growth in the male beef animal. [Masters Thesis]. Oregon State University; 1979. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/42436

Oregon State University

10. Hathaway, Ronald L. An appraisal of risks and benefits in the provision of selenium for beef cattle.

Degree: PhD, Animal Science, 1987, Oregon State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/40168

► Three experimental grazing trials were conducted to explore the hypothesis that in the Klamath Basin, a higher level of selenium supplementation is necessary than those… (more)

▼ Three experimental grazing trials were conducted to explore the hypothesis that in the Klamath Basin, a higher level of selenium supplementation is necessary than those proven adequate elsewhere. Two forage species were investigated: Festuca arundinaeca and Agropyron repens, in 0.61 hectare plots, both grown in a selenium deficient soil area. Selenium treatments were offered free choice in a salt-mineral mixture, to growing beef heifers. In Experiments I and II the animals were rotationally grazed between the grasses, while in Experiment III they were grazed by forage type. Average total weight gain was used to measure performance, and selenium status was monitored by whole blood analysis. Selenium was supplemented at levels of 0, 25, 50, and 100 ppm added to the salt-mineral mixture in Experiment I; 0, 25, 50, 100, 200, and 300 ppm in Experiment II; and 0, 200, and 400 ppm in Experiment III. In Experiment I selenium supplementation increased (P<.05) weight gains of grazing heifers. Linear regression indicated that a higher level of selenium supplementation might result in increased (P<.02) weight gains. Only the highest level of supplementation (300 ppm) resulted in an increase (P<.05) in weight gain in Experiment II. Experiment III results indicated a increase (P<.01) in weight gain from supplementation of selenium at both the 200 and 400 ppm levels on wheatgrass, but no added increase above the 200 ppm level. There was no increase in weight gain on tall fescue. Whole blood selenium levels closely paralleled the level of selenium supplementation. No toxic or detrimental effects were observed from selenium supplementation at any level. The results substantiate the concept that adequate selenium supplementation depends on a number of factors, including soil and plant levels, and forage type and demonstrate problems inherent in using a single level to cover variable conditions. In the Klamath situation, the approved level of 20 ppm selenium in a salt-mineral mix proved insufficient for maximum performance. Advisors/Committee Members: Oldfield, James E. (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Beef cattle

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APA (6^th Edition):

Hathaway, R. L. (1987). An appraisal of risks and benefits in the provision of selenium for beef cattle. (Doctoral Dissertation). Oregon State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1957/40168

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Hathaway, Ronald L. “An appraisal of risks and benefits in the provision of selenium for beef cattle.” 1987. Doctoral Dissertation, Oregon State University. Accessed January 22, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/40168.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Hathaway, Ronald L. “An appraisal of risks and benefits in the provision of selenium for beef cattle.” 1987. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Hathaway RL. An appraisal of risks and benefits in the provision of selenium for beef cattle. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Oregon State University; 1987. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/40168.

Council of Science Editors:

Hathaway RL. An appraisal of risks and benefits in the provision of selenium for beef cattle. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Oregon State University; 1987. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/40168

Oregon State University

11. Price, Donald Austin. Chemical and cellular constituents in the blood of genetically different lines of growing beef cattle.

Degree: PhD, Animal Husbandry, 1957, Oregon State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/50750

Subjects/Keywords: Beef cattle

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APA (6^th Edition):

Price, D. A. (1957). Chemical and cellular constituents in the blood of genetically different lines of growing beef cattle. (Doctoral Dissertation). Oregon State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1957/50750

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Price, Donald Austin. “Chemical and cellular constituents in the blood of genetically different lines of growing beef cattle.” 1957. Doctoral Dissertation, Oregon State University. Accessed January 22, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/50750.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Price, Donald Austin. “Chemical and cellular constituents in the blood of genetically different lines of growing beef cattle.” 1957. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Price DA. Chemical and cellular constituents in the blood of genetically different lines of growing beef cattle. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Oregon State University; 1957. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/50750.

Council of Science Editors:

Price DA. Chemical and cellular constituents in the blood of genetically different lines of growing beef cattle. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Oregon State University; 1957. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/50750

Oregon State University

12. Alexander, Graham Irving. The serum phosphatases of beef cattle as indices for rate and economy of gains.

Degree: MS, Animal Husbandry, 1958, Oregon State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/50807

Subjects/Keywords: Beef cattle

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APA (6^th Edition):

Alexander, G. I. (1958). The serum phosphatases of beef cattle as indices for rate and economy of gains. (Masters Thesis). Oregon State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1957/50807

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Alexander, Graham Irving. “The serum phosphatases of beef cattle as indices for rate and economy of gains.” 1958. Masters Thesis, Oregon State University. Accessed January 22, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/50807.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Alexander, Graham Irving. “The serum phosphatases of beef cattle as indices for rate and economy of gains.” 1958. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Alexander GI. The serum phosphatases of beef cattle as indices for rate and economy of gains. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Oregon State University; 1958. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/50807.

Council of Science Editors:

Alexander GI. The serum phosphatases of beef cattle as indices for rate and economy of gains. [Masters Thesis]. Oregon State University; 1958. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/50807

Oregon State University

13. Williams, Lloyd Grainger. Performance in relation to weaning response in production tested beef cattle.

Degree: MS, Animal Husbandry, 1954, Oregon State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/50805

Subjects/Keywords: Beef cattle

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APA (6^th Edition):

Williams, L. G. (1954). Performance in relation to weaning response in production tested beef cattle. (Masters Thesis). Oregon State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1957/50805

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Williams, Lloyd Grainger. “Performance in relation to weaning response in production tested beef cattle.” 1954. Masters Thesis, Oregon State University. Accessed January 22, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/50805.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Williams, Lloyd Grainger. “Performance in relation to weaning response in production tested beef cattle.” 1954. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Williams LG. Performance in relation to weaning response in production tested beef cattle. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Oregon State University; 1954. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/50805.

Council of Science Editors:

Williams LG. Performance in relation to weaning response in production tested beef cattle. [Masters Thesis]. Oregon State University; 1954. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/50805

Oregon State University

14. MacDonald, Malcolm Allan. A comparison of metabolism of rapidly and slowly gaining beef cattle.

Degree: PhD, Animal Husbandry, 1953, Oregon State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/51047

Subjects/Keywords: Beef cattle

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APA (6^th Edition):

MacDonald, M. A. (1953). A comparison of metabolism of rapidly and slowly gaining beef cattle. (Doctoral Dissertation). Oregon State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1957/51047

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

MacDonald, Malcolm Allan. “A comparison of metabolism of rapidly and slowly gaining beef cattle.” 1953. Doctoral Dissertation, Oregon State University. Accessed January 22, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/51047.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

MacDonald, Malcolm Allan. “A comparison of metabolism of rapidly and slowly gaining beef cattle.” 1953. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

MacDonald MA. A comparison of metabolism of rapidly and slowly gaining beef cattle. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Oregon State University; 1953. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/51047.

Council of Science Editors:

MacDonald MA. A comparison of metabolism of rapidly and slowly gaining beef cattle. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Oregon State University; 1953. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/51047

Oregon State University

15. Pahnish, O. F. (Otto Floyd), 1920-. Some genetic and environmental factors influencing the weaning weights of southwestern range cattle.

Degree: PhD, Animal Husbandry, 1958, Oregon State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/51104

Subjects/Keywords: Beef cattle

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APA (6^th Edition):

Pahnish, O. F. (Otto Floyd), 1. (1958). Some genetic and environmental factors influencing the weaning weights of southwestern range cattle. (Doctoral Dissertation). Oregon State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1957/51104

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Pahnish, O. F. (Otto Floyd), 1920-. “Some genetic and environmental factors influencing the weaning weights of southwestern range cattle.” 1958. Doctoral Dissertation, Oregon State University. Accessed January 22, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/51104.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Pahnish, O. F. (Otto Floyd), 1920-. “Some genetic and environmental factors influencing the weaning weights of southwestern range cattle.” 1958. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Pahnish, O. F. (Otto Floyd) 1. Some genetic and environmental factors influencing the weaning weights of southwestern range cattle. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Oregon State University; 1958. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/51104.

Council of Science Editors:

Pahnish, O. F. (Otto Floyd) 1. Some genetic and environmental factors influencing the weaning weights of southwestern range cattle. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Oregon State University; 1958. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/51104

Oregon State University

16. Williams, Charles Melville. Changes in certain blood constituents associated with growth and development of young beef cattle.

Degree: PhD, Animal Husbandry, 1954, Oregon State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/51169

Subjects/Keywords: Beef cattle

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APA (6^th Edition):

Williams, C. M. (1954). Changes in certain blood constituents associated with growth and development of young beef cattle. (Doctoral Dissertation). Oregon State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1957/51169

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Williams, Charles Melville. “Changes in certain blood constituents associated with growth and development of young beef cattle.” 1954. Doctoral Dissertation, Oregon State University. Accessed January 22, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/51169.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Williams, Charles Melville. “Changes in certain blood constituents associated with growth and development of young beef cattle.” 1954. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Williams CM. Changes in certain blood constituents associated with growth and development of young beef cattle. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Oregon State University; 1954. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/51169.

Council of Science Editors:

Williams CM. Changes in certain blood constituents associated with growth and development of young beef cattle. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Oregon State University; 1954. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/51169

Oregon State University

17. Van Arsdel, William C. (William Campbell), 1920-. Lead selection, cardiac axes and the interpretation of electrocardiograms in beef cattle.

Degree: PhD, Zoology, 1959, Oregon State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/51176

Subjects/Keywords: Beef cattle

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APA (6^th Edition):

Van Arsdel, William C. (William Campbell), 1. (1959). Lead selection, cardiac axes and the interpretation of electrocardiograms in beef cattle. (Doctoral Dissertation). Oregon State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1957/51176

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Van Arsdel, William C. (William Campbell), 1920-. “Lead selection, cardiac axes and the interpretation of electrocardiograms in beef cattle.” 1959. Doctoral Dissertation, Oregon State University. Accessed January 22, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/51176.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Van Arsdel, William C. (William Campbell), 1920-. “Lead selection, cardiac axes and the interpretation of electrocardiograms in beef cattle.” 1959. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Van Arsdel, William C. (William Campbell) 1. Lead selection, cardiac axes and the interpretation of electrocardiograms in beef cattle. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Oregon State University; 1959. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/51176.

Council of Science Editors:

Van Arsdel, William C. (William Campbell) 1. Lead selection, cardiac axes and the interpretation of electrocardiograms in beef cattle. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Oregon State University; 1959. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/51176

Oregon State University

18. Nelms, George Estes, 1927-2011. Some genetic and environmental factors affecting "net efficiency" of beef cattle.

Degree: MS, Animal Husbandry, 1954, Oregon State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/51713

Subjects/Keywords: Beef cattle

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APA (6^th Edition):

Nelms, George Estes, 1. (1954). Some genetic and environmental factors affecting "net efficiency" of beef cattle. (Masters Thesis). Oregon State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1957/51713

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Nelms, George Estes, 1927-2011. “Some genetic and environmental factors affecting "net efficiency" of beef cattle.” 1954. Masters Thesis, Oregon State University. Accessed January 22, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/51713.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Nelms, George Estes, 1927-2011. “Some genetic and environmental factors affecting "net efficiency" of beef cattle.” 1954. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Nelms, George Estes 1. Some genetic and environmental factors affecting "net efficiency" of beef cattle. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Oregon State University; 1954. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/51713.

Council of Science Editors:

Nelms, George Estes 1. Some genetic and environmental factors affecting "net efficiency" of beef cattle. [Masters Thesis]. Oregon State University; 1954. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/51713

Oregon State University

19. Hitchcock, Glen Henry. Effectiveness of selection for gains in body weight in beef cattle.

Degree: MS, Animal Husbandry, 1953, Oregon State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/52293

Subjects/Keywords: Beef cattle

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APA (6^th Edition):

Hitchcock, G. H. (1953). Effectiveness of selection for gains in body weight in beef cattle. (Masters Thesis). Oregon State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1957/52293

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Hitchcock, Glen Henry. “Effectiveness of selection for gains in body weight in beef cattle.” 1953. Masters Thesis, Oregon State University. Accessed January 22, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/52293.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Hitchcock, Glen Henry. “Effectiveness of selection for gains in body weight in beef cattle.” 1953. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Hitchcock GH. Effectiveness of selection for gains in body weight in beef cattle. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Oregon State University; 1953. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/52293.

Council of Science Editors:

Hitchcock GH. Effectiveness of selection for gains in body weight in beef cattle. [Masters Thesis]. Oregon State University; 1953. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/52293

Oregon State University

20. Dahmen, J. J. (Jerome John), 1919-. Some factors affecting rate and economy of gains in beef cattle.

Degree: MS, Animal Breeding, 1951, Oregon State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/52362

Subjects/Keywords: Beef cattle

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APA (6^th Edition):

Dahmen, J. J. (Jerome John), 1. (1951). Some factors affecting rate and economy of gains in beef cattle. (Masters Thesis). Oregon State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1957/52362

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Dahmen, J. J. (Jerome John), 1919-. “Some factors affecting rate and economy of gains in beef cattle.” 1951. Masters Thesis, Oregon State University. Accessed January 22, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/52362.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Dahmen, J. J. (Jerome John), 1919-. “Some factors affecting rate and economy of gains in beef cattle.” 1951. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Dahmen, J. J. (Jerome John) 1. Some factors affecting rate and economy of gains in beef cattle. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Oregon State University; 1951. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/52362.

Council of Science Editors:

Dahmen, J. J. (Jerome John) 1. Some factors affecting rate and economy of gains in beef cattle. [Masters Thesis]. Oregon State University; 1951. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/52362

Oregon State University

21. Sabin, Samuel Waybright. Analyses of physical sources of variation in estimated genetic growth parameters in beef cattle.

Degree: PhD, Animal Husbandry, 1959, Oregon State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/49211

Subjects/Keywords: Beef cattle

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APA (6^th Edition):

Sabin, S. W. (1959). Analyses of physical sources of variation in estimated genetic growth parameters in beef cattle. (Doctoral Dissertation). Oregon State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1957/49211

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Sabin, Samuel Waybright. “Analyses of physical sources of variation in estimated genetic growth parameters in beef cattle.” 1959. Doctoral Dissertation, Oregon State University. Accessed January 22, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/49211.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Sabin, Samuel Waybright. “Analyses of physical sources of variation in estimated genetic growth parameters in beef cattle.” 1959. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Sabin SW. Analyses of physical sources of variation in estimated genetic growth parameters in beef cattle. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Oregon State University; 1959. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/49211.

Council of Science Editors:

Sabin SW. Analyses of physical sources of variation in estimated genetic growth parameters in beef cattle. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Oregon State University; 1959. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/49211

Oregon State University

22. Alexander, Graham Irving. The relation of the serum phosphatases to growth of genetically different groups of beef cattle.

Degree: PhD, Animal Husbandry, 1959, Oregon State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/50627

Subjects/Keywords: Beef cattle

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APA (6^th Edition):

Alexander, G. I. (1959). The relation of the serum phosphatases to growth of genetically different groups of beef cattle. (Doctoral Dissertation). Oregon State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1957/50627

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Alexander, Graham Irving. “The relation of the serum phosphatases to growth of genetically different groups of beef cattle.” 1959. Doctoral Dissertation, Oregon State University. Accessed January 22, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/50627.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Alexander, Graham Irving. “The relation of the serum phosphatases to growth of genetically different groups of beef cattle.” 1959. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Alexander GI. The relation of the serum phosphatases to growth of genetically different groups of beef cattle. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Oregon State University; 1959. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/50627.

Council of Science Editors:

Alexander GI. The relation of the serum phosphatases to growth of genetically different groups of beef cattle. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Oregon State University; 1959. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/50627

Oregon State University

23. Bhannasiri, Tim. Hematological study of genetically different lines of growing beef cattle.

Degree: PhD, Dairy and Animal Husbandry, 1959, Oregon State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/50647

Subjects/Keywords: Beef cattle

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APA (6^th Edition):

Bhannasiri, T. (1959). Hematological study of genetically different lines of growing beef cattle. (Doctoral Dissertation). Oregon State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1957/50647

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Bhannasiri, Tim. “Hematological study of genetically different lines of growing beef cattle.” 1959. Doctoral Dissertation, Oregon State University. Accessed January 22, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/50647.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Bhannasiri, Tim. “Hematological study of genetically different lines of growing beef cattle.” 1959. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Bhannasiri T. Hematological study of genetically different lines of growing beef cattle. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Oregon State University; 1959. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/50647.

Council of Science Editors:

Bhannasiri T. Hematological study of genetically different lines of growing beef cattle. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Oregon State University; 1959. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/50647

24. Caldera, Emmanuel. Examining in vitro and in vivo characteristics of Intellibond and sulfate forms of copper, zinc, and manganese.

Degree: PhD, Animal Sciences, 2015, Colorado State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/166925

► Trace minerals have long been identified as essential components in the diets of domestic livestock species. The mechanisms underlying Cu, Zn, and Mn absorption are… (more)

▼ Trace minerals have long been identified as essential components in the diets of domestic livestock species. The mechanisms underlying Cu, Zn, and Mn absorption are complex, but research has demonstrated interesting opportunities to optimize the involvement of trace minerals in ruminant nutrition. To further our understanding of absorption and retention of modern forms of trace minerals 4 experiments were conducted to examine in vitro and in vivo characteristics of Intellibond (IB) and sulfate forms of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and manganese (Mn). In experiment 1, in vitro incubations were used to examine the effects of pH and mineral concentration and source (IB vs sulfate) on Cu, Zn, and Mn solubility. Solubility was measured at elemental concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 10.0 mg of product/ml (0.1, 1.0, and 10.0 mg/ml) at: 1) pH 5.5 (in McDougal's artificial saliva mixture 0.1 M NaHCO3-Na2HPO4KCl- MgSO4*7H2O-urea buffer) and 2) pH 2.0 (in McDougal's artificial saliva mixture 0.1 M NaHCO3-Na2HPO4KCl- MgSO4*7H2O-urea buffer). On average, the overall solubility of Cu, Zn, and Mn, from both trace mineral sources were similar at a pH 5.0 and 2.0. In Experiment 2 eight cross-bred steers were utilized to estimate the duodenal appearance of Cu, Zn, and Mn in steers post ruminal administration of IB and sulfate forms of Cu, Zn, and Mn in steers fed a corn silage and steam flaked corn-based diet. Treatments consisted of 1) 60 mg of Zn/kg DM from ZnSO4; 20 mg of Cu/kg DM from CuSO4; 40 mg of Mn/kg DM from MnSO4, and 2) 60 mg of Zn/kg DM from tetra-basic ZnCl; 20 mg of Cu/kg DM from tri-basic CuCl; 40 mg of Mn/kg DM from tri-basic MnCl. Individual trace mineral treatments were thoroughly mixed with 0.23 kg of ground corn and administered as a single dose via the rumen fistula. Rumen and duodenal samples were obtained at -4, -2, 0 h, pre dosing and at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, and 42 h post dosing. Duodenal appearance of Cu, Mn, and Zn post ruminal administration of different trace mineral sources were similar across treatments. In experiment 3, eight cross-bred steers were utilized in a 19 d experiment to investigate the effects of trace mineral source on apparent absorption and retention of Cu, Zn, and Mn in steers fed a corn silage and steam flaked corn-based diet. Steers were blocked by BW and randomly assigned to one of the 2 treatments. Treatments consisted of: 1) 30 mg of Zn/kg DM from ZnSO4; 10 mg of Cu/kg DM from CuSO4; 20 mg of Mn/kg DM from MnSO4; and 2) 30 mg of Zn/kg DM from tetra-basic ZnCl; 10 mg of Cu/kg DM from tri-basic CuCl; 20 mg of Mn/kg DM from tri-basic MnCl. Total fecal and urine output was measured daily for all steers during the 5 d collection period. Dry matter disappearance, apparent absorption, and apparent retention of Cu, Zn, and Mn were similar across treatments. In experiment 4, four-hundred cross-bred steers (initial BW 335 ± 9.6 kg) were utilized to investigate the effects of supplemental Zn, Cu, and Mn concentration and source on… Advisors/Committee Members: Engle, Terry E. (advisor), Wagner, John J. (committee member), Archibeque, Shawn L. (committee member), Rollin, Bernard (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: cattle; manganese; beef; zinc; copper

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APA (6^th Edition):

Caldera, E. (2015). Examining in vitro and in vivo characteristics of Intellibond and sulfate forms of copper, zinc, and manganese. (Doctoral Dissertation). Colorado State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10217/166925

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Caldera, Emmanuel. “Examining in vitro and in vivo characteristics of Intellibond and sulfate forms of copper, zinc, and manganese.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, Colorado State University. Accessed January 22, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10217/166925.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Caldera, Emmanuel. “Examining in vitro and in vivo characteristics of Intellibond and sulfate forms of copper, zinc, and manganese.” 2015. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Caldera E. Examining in vitro and in vivo characteristics of Intellibond and sulfate forms of copper, zinc, and manganese. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Colorado State University; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/166925.

Council of Science Editors:

Caldera E. Examining in vitro and in vivo characteristics of Intellibond and sulfate forms of copper, zinc, and manganese. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Colorado State University; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/166925

Colorado State University

25. Adams, Tanner Scott. Identifying and characterizing the influence of cattle production history and lean muscle characteristics on specific beef flavor attributes.

Degree: MS(M.S.), Animal Sciences, 2016, Colorado State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/173539

► Experiments were conducted on ground beef patties as well as pure fat and lean samples manufactured using various sources and production techniques. Differences among 5… (more)

▼ Experiments were conducted on ground beef patties as well as pure fat and lean samples manufactured using various sources and production techniques. Differences among 5 cattle types, 3 muscle types, and 3 lean percentages were evaluated for descriptive sensory analysis, fatty acid composition, volatile compound composition, and amino acid composition. Furthermore, an olfactory detection port (ODP) was used while analyzing volatiles to detect odorous compounds. Cattle types, breed and days-on-feed (DOF), evaluated included F1 Wagyu-Angus crosses (450 DOF), long-fed natural Holsteins (350 DOF), short-fed retail Holsteins (250 DOF), long-fed conventional beef (200 DOF), and short-fed beef (90 DOF). Muscles included in this study were Pectorales profundi (high connective tissue), Longissimus dorsi (intermediate connective tissue), and Psoas major (low connective tissue). Lean percentages of ground beef included 90%, 80%, and 70%. All sources were used in combination as a factorial design with 5 cattle types mixed with 3 muscles at 3 different lean percentages (5x3x3) with one treatment consisting of 45 samples with 5 replications (N=225). Trained panelists evaluated ground beef patties from each treatment and replication for 8 different flavor notes, including beefy/brothy, browned/grilled, buttery/beef fat, bloody/metallic, grassy/fishy, earthy/mushroom, nutlike/roasted nut, and livery/organy. Initial analyses consisted of least-square-means to determine differences among breed, muscle, and lean percentage and the interactions among them. These results were significant (P < 0.05) for two-way and three-way interactions; however, no plausible data could be interpreted from the analysis. Further analyses with principal component analysis were used to determine relationships between amino acids, fatty acids, volatiles, and sensory panels with cattle type and muscle separately. Relationships were identified and used to identify certain attributes as possible contributions to beef flavor. Additionally, nonmetric multidimensional scaling was used to access clustering using pairwise comparisons. This showed significant (P < 0.05) differences among cattle type treatments with small variance between samples while muscle treatments were not significant (P > 0.05) and encountered large variance between samples. Advisors/Committee Members: Woerner, Dale R. (advisor), Legako, Jerrad F. (committee member), Tatum, J. Daryl (committee member), Belk, Keith E. (committee member), Enns, Kellie J. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: cattle; flavor; beef; meat; feeding

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APA (6^th Edition):

Adams, T. S. (2016). Identifying and characterizing the influence of cattle production history and lean muscle characteristics on specific beef flavor attributes. (Masters Thesis). Colorado State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10217/173539

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Adams, Tanner Scott. “Identifying and characterizing the influence of cattle production history and lean muscle characteristics on specific beef flavor attributes.” 2016. Masters Thesis, Colorado State University. Accessed January 22, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10217/173539.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Adams, Tanner Scott. “Identifying and characterizing the influence of cattle production history and lean muscle characteristics on specific beef flavor attributes.” 2016. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Adams TS. Identifying and characterizing the influence of cattle production history and lean muscle characteristics on specific beef flavor attributes. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado State University; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/173539.

Council of Science Editors:

Adams TS. Identifying and characterizing the influence of cattle production history and lean muscle characteristics on specific beef flavor attributes. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado State University; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/173539

Colorado State University

26. Budde, Ashley Marie. Effect of zinc source and dose and chromium supplementation on performance and carcass characteristics of feedlot cattle.

Degree: MS(M.S.), Animal Sciences, 2018, Colorado State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/189308

► Four-hundred cross-bred steers were utilized in a randomized complete block design to investigate the effect of supplemental Zn source and concentration and Cr supplementation on… (more)

▼ Four-hundred cross-bred steers were utilized in a randomized complete block design to investigate the effect of supplemental Zn source and concentration and Cr supplementation on performance and carcass characteristics of feedlot steers fed a steam-flaked corn-based finishing diet. Steers were blocked by initial BW with in cattle source and randomly assigned within block to 1 of 5 treatments (10 steers/pen; n = 8 pens per treatment). Prior to the initiation of the experiment, trace mineral supplement sources were analyzed for Zn and Cr. Zinc and Cr concentrations of the Zn sources were used to balance all dietary treatments to obtain correct Zn and Cr experimental doses. Treatments consisted of: 1) 90 mg Zn/kg DM from ZnSO4 and 0.25 mg Cr/kg DM from Cr propionate (90ZS+Cr); 2) 30 mg Zn/kg DM from Zn hydroxychloride and 0.25 mg Cr/kg DM from Cr propionate (30ZH+Cr); 3) 90 mg Zn/kg DM from Zn hydroxychloride and 0.25 mg Cr/kg DM from Cr propionate (90ZH+Cr); 4) 60 mg Zn/kg DM from ZnSO4 and 30 mg Zn/kg DM from Zn methionine (90ZSM); and 5) 90 mg Zn/kg DM from Zn hydroxychloride (90ZH). Steers were individually weighed on d-2 and on two consecutive days at the end of the experiment. Initial liver biopsies were obtained from all steers during processing. Equal numbers of pen replicates per treatment were transported to a commercial abattoir on d 162, 176, and 211 and slaughtered; individual carcass data and final liver samples were collected. Total finishing dietary Zn and Cr concentrations were 118.4, 58.2, 114.2, 123.0, and 108.2 mg Zn/kg DM and 0.711,0. 647, 0.731, 0.767 and 0.521 mg Cr/kg DM, for treatments 1 to 5, respectively. There were no treatment main effects for any response variables measured. However, treatment was a significant source of variation for certain response variables when single degree of contrasts (unprotected F-test) were performed. Steers receiving 90ZH+Cr had greater final BW (P ≤ 0.04) and ADG (P ≤ 0.03) when compared to steers receiving 90ZH. Additionally, hot carcass weight was 8.5 kg greater (P ≤ 0.03) for 90ZH+Cr compared to 90ZH supplemented steers. Steers receiving 90ZH+Cr had greater longissimus muscle area when compared to steers receiving 90ZSM. Dry matter intake, G:F, final liver Zn concentrations, and all other carcass parameters (dressing percentage, marbling score, yield grade, subcutaneous adipose tissue depth, and KPH) were similar across treatments. These data indicate, that under the conditions of this experiment, Zn source and concentration had no impact on live performance, liver mineral Zn concentrations, and carcass characteristics. Supplemental Cr in diets containing 90 mg of supplemental Zn/kg DM may improve final BW, ADG, and hot carcass weights. Advisors/Committee Members: Engle, Terry E. (advisor), Wagner, John J. (advisor), Myrick, Christopher A. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: chromium; beef cattle; zinc

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APA (6^th Edition):

Budde, A. M. (2018). Effect of zinc source and dose and chromium supplementation on performance and carcass characteristics of feedlot cattle. (Masters Thesis). Colorado State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10217/189308

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Budde, Ashley Marie. “Effect of zinc source and dose and chromium supplementation on performance and carcass characteristics of feedlot cattle.” 2018. Masters Thesis, Colorado State University. Accessed January 22, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10217/189308.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Budde, Ashley Marie. “Effect of zinc source and dose and chromium supplementation on performance and carcass characteristics of feedlot cattle.” 2018. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Budde AM. Effect of zinc source and dose and chromium supplementation on performance and carcass characteristics of feedlot cattle. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado State University; 2018. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/189308.

Council of Science Editors:

Budde AM. Effect of zinc source and dose and chromium supplementation on performance and carcass characteristics of feedlot cattle. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado State University; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/189308

University of Saskatchewan

27. Joy, Faustin 1980-. Effect of energy source, timing of provision, and days on feed on feed efficiency of finishing beef cattle.

Degree: 2019, University of Saskatchewan

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10388/12514

► The objective of this research was to evaluate if the decline in gain-to-feed ratio (G:F) during finishing in beef cattle could be due to a… (more)

▼ The objective of this research was to evaluate if the decline in gain-to-feed ratio (G:F) during finishing in beef cattle could be due to a reduction in nutrient digestion, short chain fatty acid absorption, or post-absorptive nutrient utilization, and those responses were influenced by the dietary energy source or timing of provision. A high-lipid byproduct pellet (HLP) was used as a partial replacement for barley grain in a high concentrate finishing diet to partially replace starch with lipid as the energy source. Yearling steers were used for performance evaluations and ruminally cannulated Hereford crossbred heifers were used for nutrient metabolism studies. The dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) digestibility of HLP diets were lower than the barley-based control diet (CON). Utilizing a phase-feeding strategy and partially replacing barley grain and canola meal with a high-fibre high-lipid byproduct pellet in the latter part of the finishing period may improve carcass yield grade without affecting average daily gain and G:F. With advancing days on feed, diet DM digestibility (P = 0.02) and insulin resistance (P = 0.04) increase without changes in ruminal pH and plasma metabolite clearance rates. A marginal increase in forage inclusion with the HLP diet increased ADG (P = 0.04). Increasing dietary lipid supply up to 6% of DM using HLP did not affect the digesta flow and rumen fermentation parameters, therefore, increased lipid content is not associated with reduced feed efficiency of the HLP diet. In conclusion, decreasing feed efficiency in the later stages of finishing in beef cattle is most likely due to changes in the post absorptive nutrient metabolism, and these changes are not influenced by the dietary energy source. The small particle size of feed ingredients within the byproduct pellet may be the factor associated with decreased feed efficiency of HLP pellet rather than lipid content. Advisors/Committee Members: Penner, Greg, Buchanan, Fiona, McKinnon, John, Hendrick, Steve, Burciaga-Robles, Luis.

Subjects/Keywords: Feed efficiency; Beef cattle

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APA (6^th Edition):

Joy, F. 1. (2019). Effect of energy source, timing of provision, and days on feed on feed efficiency of finishing beef cattle. (Thesis). University of Saskatchewan. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10388/12514

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Joy, Faustin 1980-. “Effect of energy source, timing of provision, and days on feed on feed efficiency of finishing beef cattle.” 2019. Thesis, University of Saskatchewan. Accessed January 22, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10388/12514.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Joy, Faustin 1980-. “Effect of energy source, timing of provision, and days on feed on feed efficiency of finishing beef cattle.” 2019. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Joy F1. Effect of energy source, timing of provision, and days on feed on feed efficiency of finishing beef cattle. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Saskatchewan; 2019. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10388/12514.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Joy F1. Effect of energy source, timing of provision, and days on feed on feed efficiency of finishing beef cattle. [Thesis]. University of Saskatchewan; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10388/12514

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Saskatchewan

28. Ketel, Crystal R. Investigating Scur Candidate Genes in Bos taurus cattle.

Degree: 2020, University of Saskatchewan

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10388/12793

► Scurs are loose horns that are inherited in a sex-influenced manner and appear in cattle that are heterozygous (Pp) for the polled mutation. Beef producers… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Scurred; polled; horned; beef cattle

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APA (6^th Edition):

Ketel, C. R. (2020). Investigating Scur Candidate Genes in Bos taurus cattle. (Thesis). University of Saskatchewan. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10388/12793

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Ketel, Crystal R. “Investigating Scur Candidate Genes in Bos taurus cattle.” 2020. Thesis, University of Saskatchewan. Accessed January 22, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10388/12793.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Ketel, Crystal R. “Investigating Scur Candidate Genes in Bos taurus cattle.” 2020. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Ketel CR. Investigating Scur Candidate Genes in Bos taurus cattle. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Saskatchewan; 2020. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10388/12793.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Ketel CR. Investigating Scur Candidate Genes in Bos taurus cattle. [Thesis]. University of Saskatchewan; 2020. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10388/12793

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Saskatchewan

29. Possberg, Marianne. COMPARATIVE ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL TRADE-OFF ANALYSIS FOR MANITOBA COW-CALF PRODUCTION.

Degree: 2016, University of Saskatchewan

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10388/ETD-2016-01-2424

► There were 12.5 million head of cattle in all of Canada as of January 1st, 2012, of which 7.4 million were on cow-calf farms. Of… (more)

▼ There were 12.5 million head of cattle in all of Canada as of January 1st, 2012, of which 7.4 million were on cow-calf farms. Of this population, 1.2 million head of cattle were in Manitoba, and within that, 880 thousand were on cow-calf farms. Canadian and Manitoba beef producers have experienced significant volatility in the cattle market. This is partly as a result of loss of exports of cattle to the United States, first due to occurrence of the Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) Crisis, and then through the Country of Origin Labelling (COOL) legislation developed in the United States. While the beef industry has endured market fluctuations, the North American cattle herd has also been responsible for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, through enteric fermentation within their digestive tracks, storage of manure on farms, through the spread of manure on crop fields, and through the production of feed for cattle. Of the total Canadian GHG emissions, agriculture contributed 8 percent in 2013. For the same year, within the total agricultural GHG emissions, cattle and sheep production resulted in 40 percent of methane emissions, and 90 percent of nitrous oxide emissions, both expressed in carbon dioxide equivalent. Regionally, the share of agricultural GHG emissions in Manitoba make up a larger proportion of total provincial GHG emissions, at 31 percent of 21.4 Mt CO2e, as the province has fewer emissions from transportation or stationary combustion.. The confluence of low profitability and larger amounts of GHG emission (relative to other provinces) has led to some discussion on adopting measures to reduce these emissions. This has caused some stress in the beef industry, as some of these proposed solutions could lead to further loss in profits. An European study of the beef sector has investigated the impact of some policy instruments, such as emission taxes, and has suggested that while such measures are effective, they would also be financially restrictive to beef producers, or result in high administrative costs for governments (Neufeldt and Schäfer 2008). However, these measures might be unnecessary, as the Manitoba Beef Producers (2011) have indicated that the Manitoba beef producers are willing to undertake alternate management practices to benefit environmental causes if they do not negatively affect their profitability or livelihoods. Therefore, providing methods that lead to lower GHG emissions while providing high levels of profitability, or maintaining current levels of profitability would be considered a welcome set of information for the Manitoba beef cattle producers (and likely producers in other provinces). In order to understand GHG emissions on beef farms, a Canada-wide survey was undertaken in 2012. Financial support for this survey was provided by a variety of interested parties including the University of Manitoba, Alberta Agriculture and Rural Development, the BC Ministry of Agriculture, Manitoba Agriculture Food and Rural Initiatives, and Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, with the… Advisors/Committee Members: Kulshreshtha, Suren N., Brown, William J., McKinnon, John.

Subjects/Keywords: beef; cattle; profitability; greenhouse gases

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Possberg, M. (2016). COMPARATIVE ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL TRADE-OFF ANALYSIS FOR MANITOBA COW-CALF PRODUCTION. (Thesis). University of Saskatchewan. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10388/ETD-2016-01-2424

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Possberg, Marianne. “COMPARATIVE ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL TRADE-OFF ANALYSIS FOR MANITOBA COW-CALF PRODUCTION.” 2016. Thesis, University of Saskatchewan. Accessed January 22, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10388/ETD-2016-01-2424.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Possberg, Marianne. “COMPARATIVE ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL TRADE-OFF ANALYSIS FOR MANITOBA COW-CALF PRODUCTION.” 2016. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Possberg M. COMPARATIVE ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL TRADE-OFF ANALYSIS FOR MANITOBA COW-CALF PRODUCTION. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Saskatchewan; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10388/ETD-2016-01-2424.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Possberg M. COMPARATIVE ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL TRADE-OFF ANALYSIS FOR MANITOBA COW-CALF PRODUCTION. [Thesis]. University of Saskatchewan; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10388/ETD-2016-01-2424

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Texas A&M University

30. Tolleson, Mallory Williams. Genome-Wide Association for Udder Composition Traits in Bos indicus – Bos taurus Cows.

Degree: MS, Animal Breeding, 2016, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/157088

► The objective of this study was to conduct a genome-wide association study for udder traits for crossbred cows. Average teat diameter, average teat length, and… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: GWAS; udder composition; beef cattle

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APA (6^th Edition):

Tolleson, M. W. (2016). Genome-Wide Association for Udder Composition Traits in Bos indicus – Bos taurus Cows. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/157088

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Tolleson, Mallory Williams. “Genome-Wide Association for Udder Composition Traits in Bos indicus – Bos taurus Cows.” 2016. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 22, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/157088.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Tolleson, Mallory Williams. “Genome-Wide Association for Udder Composition Traits in Bos indicus – Bos taurus Cows.” 2016. Web. 22 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Tolleson MW. Genome-Wide Association for Udder Composition Traits in Bos indicus – Bos taurus Cows. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 22]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/157088.

Council of Science Editors:

Tolleson MW. Genome-Wide Association for Udder Composition Traits in Bos indicus – Bos taurus Cows. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/157088

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Open Access Theses and Dissertations