Glomus intraradices and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens are two commercially used plant growth promoting micro-organisms. They associate with plant roots to facilitate host plants to absorb nutrients, induce resistance against pathogens and pests, and regulate growth through phytohormones. Growth conditions for plants on green roofs are often unfavorable. In order to test whether growth and development of green roof plants could be enhanced via improving the microbial interface, G. intraradices and B. amyloliquefaciens were inoculated on experimental plots on a green roof in the summer of 2012. The experimental plots were marked as R (inoculated with B. amyloliquefaciens from Rhizocell), M (inoculated with G. intraradices from MYC4000), and C (control). The green roof was made of sedum-herb-grass mats. The plants included e.g. stonecrops, bluegrasses, yellow rockets, white clover, mullein, pennycress, and moss. The survival and development of G. intraradices and B. amyloliquefaciens were studied respectively from Poa alpina roots and soils in the summers of 2012 and 2013. G. intraradices was not detected in P alpina roots according to root staining and microscopy. Probable reasons for the lacking of G. intraradices include high phosphorus content in the soils, high soil temperature, and low soil moisture. PCR and qPCR were used to detect Bacillus content in green roof soils. The abundance of B. amyloliquefaciens was related to soil water content and soil temperature. During the last two measurements in 2012, 4 weeks of high moisture content in the soil resulted in large increase of B. amyloliquefaciens content in both M and R groups, but then decreased substantially due to drought and heat in 2013. In 2013, Only R group increased from the third to the last measurement, indicating probable resistance of the B. amyloliquefaciens strain from Rhizocell additive. The synergistic effect of B. amyloliquefaciens and G. intraradices might be responsible for the thousand-fold increase of Bacillus content in M group in 2012.

O g?nero Bacillus possui uma grande variedade de esp?cies produtoras de metab?litos secund?rios bioativos com grande potencial em diferentes campos, entre estes os lipopept?deos, que s?o compostos anfif?licos com atividades antif?ngica, antibi?tica e surfactantes. No presente trabalho foram utilizadas tr?s linhagens de bact?rias endof?ticas de plantas da Amazonia produtoras de lipopept?deos, identificadas por sequenciamento de 16S rDNA como B. amyloliquefaciens. Os dados de espectrometria de massas dos extratos das tr?s linhagens analisadas indicaram a presen?a dos lipopept?deos iturina, surfactina e fengicina. Na avalia??o do rendimento na produ??o de lipopept?deos a partir de diferentes meios de cultivo, o YM apresentou os melhores resultados, tendo a linhagem de B. amyloliquefaciens PpC1 2.2b o maior rendimento com 633,1 mg. L-1. A otimiza??o da produ??o de lipopept?deos para as linhagens de B. amyloliquefaciens PpC1 2.2b, GhcC1 2.1a e DgcR2 1.1b por planejamento fatorial fracionado 24-1 e dados obtidos da ANOVA permitiram propor um modelo eficaz obtendo um aumento significativo da produ??o de lipopept?deos a partir de varia??es de pH, agita??o e aera??o. A partir das an?lises de LC-ESI-MS/MS e RMN dos isolados de PpC1 2.2b foram identificadas dezessete subst?ncias lipopept?dicas incluindo seis hom?logos da iturina A, sete hom?logos da surfactina A, dois hom?logos da fengicina A e dois da fengicina B. As fra??es de surfactinas, iturinas e fengicinas apresentaram atividades anti-inflamat?rias por inibi??o da produ??o de NO em c?lulas de macr?fagos murinos J774A.1 com viabilidade celular acima de 100%. As amostras LP196, Fengicina AB1 e Iturina A2 apresentaram atividade antiplasm?dica contra P. falcipurum FCR3, exibindo CI50 de, 58,52 ?g mL-1, 58,0 ?g.mL-1 e 66,83 ?g.mL-1 e o extrato LP164 apresentou atividade antibacterina contra K. pneumoniae com MIC de 62,5 ?g.mL-1.

The Bacillus genus has a wide variety of species that produce bioactive secondary metabolites with great potential in different fields, including lipopeptides, which are amphiphilic compounds with antifungal, antibiotic and surfactant activities. In the present work, three strains of endophytic bacteria from Amazonian plants producing lipopeptides used, identified by sequencing 16S rDNA as B. amyloliquefaciens. The mass spectrometry data of the extracts of the three strains analyzed indicated the presence of the lipopeptides iturin, surfactin and fengycin. In the evaluation of the yield in the production of lipopeptides from different culture media, YM presented the best results, with the B. amyloliquefaciens PpC12.2b strain having the highest yield, 633.1 mg. L-1. The optimization of lipopeptide production for B. amyloliquefaciens PpC1 2.2b, GhcC1 2.1a and DgcR2 1.1b lines by fractional factorial planning 24-1 and data obtained from ANOVA allowed us to propose an effective model for increasing lipopeptide production from pH variations, agitation and aeration. From the LC-ESI-MS / MS and NMR analyzes of the PpC12.2b isolates, seventeen lipopeptide…

Advisors/Committee Members: Souza, Afonso Duarte Le?o de, http://lattes.cnpq.br/5784405197320526, Pinheiro, Maria L?cia Bel?m, http://lattes.cnpq.br/9299061381457390, Souza, Jo?o Vicente Braga de, http://lattes.cnpq.br/7804981785557071, Takahashi, Jacqueline Aparecida, http://lattes.cnpq.br/8436025963943451.