subject:(Avian influenza A virus Research)

Mississippi State University

1. Xu, Yifei. Antigenic and genetic evolution of emerging avian origin influenza A viruses.

Degree: PhD, Veterinary Medicine, College of, 2016, Mississippi State University

URL: http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-10252016-162954/ ;

► Periodic introductions of influenza A viruses (IAVs) from wild birds contribute to emergence of novel strains that infect domestic poultry, lower mammals, and humans,… (more)

▼ Periodic introductions of influenza A viruses (IAVs) from wild birds contribute to emergence of novel strains that infect domestic poultry, lower mammals, and humans, but the mechanisms of emergence are unclear. The objectives of this dissertation research are to infer the genesis of two emerging IAVs, low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) H10N8 and highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H7N8 viruses, and to characterize the antigenic diversity and genetic evolution of contemporary H7 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) from North America. First, AIVs that are genetically close to the human H10N8 isolate were recovered at the live poultry market (LPM) visited by the first H10N8 patient. High seroprevalence of H10 virus was observed in ducks and chickens from five LPMs in the region. These findings suggested that LPM was the most probable source of human infection with the H10N8 virus, and this virus appeared to be present throughout the LPM system in the city. Second, the novel H7N8 virus most likely circulated among diving ducks in the Mississippi flyway during autumn 2015 and was subsequently introduced to Indiana turkey, in which it evolved from LPAI into HPAI. H4N8 IAVs from diving ducks possess a gene constellation comprising five H7N8like gene segments. These findings suggest that viral gene constellations circulating among diving ducks could contribute towards the emergence of IAVs that can affect poultry. Diving ducks may serve as a unique reservoir, contributing to the maintenance, diversification, and transmission of IAVs in wild birds. Third, antigenic and genetic characterization of 93 H7 AIVs from North America showed limited antigenic diversity. Gradual accumulation of nucleotide and amino acid substitutions in the H7 gene of AIVs from wild and domestic birds caused a wide genetic diversity. These findings suggested that continuous genetic evolution has not led to significant antigenic diversity for contemporary H7 AIVs isolated from wild and domestic birds in North America. In summary, these findings not only improve our understanding of the ecology and evolution of IAVs but also provide information for formulation of effective disease prevention and control strategies. Advisors/Committee Members: Xiu-Feng (Henry) Wan (chair), Larry Hanson (committee member), Andy D. Perkins (committee member), Federico G. Hoffmann (committee member), Nan (Alan) Zhao (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: low pathogenic avian influenza; highly pathogenic avian influenza; avian influenza virus; influenza A virus

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APA (6^th Edition):

Xu, Y. (2016). Antigenic and genetic evolution of emerging avian origin influenza A viruses. (Doctoral Dissertation). Mississippi State University. Retrieved from http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-10252016-162954/ ;

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Xu, Yifei. “Antigenic and genetic evolution of emerging avian origin influenza A viruses.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, Mississippi State University. Accessed January 15, 2021. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-10252016-162954/ ;.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Xu, Yifei. “Antigenic and genetic evolution of emerging avian origin influenza A viruses.” 2016. Web. 15 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Xu Y. Antigenic and genetic evolution of emerging avian origin influenza A viruses. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Mississippi State University; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 15]. Available from: http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-10252016-162954/ ;.

Council of Science Editors:

Xu Y. Antigenic and genetic evolution of emerging avian origin influenza A viruses. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Mississippi State University; 2016. Available from: http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-10252016-162954/ ;

University of Georgia

2. Keeler, Shamus Patrick. Identification and characterization of factors influencing the persistence of avian influenza virus in surface water of aquatic habitats.

Degree: 2014, University of Georgia

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10724/28307

► The natural reservoirs for avian influenza (AI) viruses are wild aquatic bird species of the orders Anseriformes and Charadriiformes. Infected birds readily excrete virus in… (more)

▼ The natural reservoirs for avian influenza (AI) viruses are wild aquatic bird species of the orders Anseriformes and Charadriiformes. Infected birds readily excrete virus in their feces contaminating the surrounding aquatic environment with transmission occurring via the fecal-oral route. Previous studies have established that AI viruses can remain infectious in water for several weeks to months, suggesting that surface water may serve as both a transmission medium and potentially a long term reservoir. The majority of the studies focused on AI virus persistence in water have utilized sterile distilled water to simulate the surface water of aquatic ecosystems. The objective of this research was to identify and characterize the factors that affect the duration of AI virus persistence in natural surface water. The duration of infectivity was determined for two common AI virus subtypes in 15 filtered surface water samples collected from waterfowl habitats in Georgia. Consistent with previous studies, viruses were less stable at warmer temperatures and in acidic water (pH<5). Variations in persistence times were observed between water samples with comparable pH and salinities indicating that other abiotic factors affect the stability of the virus in natural surface water. To identify the other important abiotic factors, viral persistence trials were performed in filtered surface water from 38 waterfowl habitats distributed across the United States and in-depth chemical analyses were performed. In addition to previously identified abiotic factors, the ammonia, chloride, and sulfate concentrations of surface water were determined to be significant predictors of virus persistence. To evaluate the effect of the biological component of surface water and examine virus strain-related variation in persistence, the loss of infectivity was estimated for nine wild duck isolated AI viruses in three types of water: distilled, filtered surface water, and intact surface water. All viruses persisted longest in distilled water followed by filtered surface water with markedly reduced durations of persistence observed in the intact surface water, suggesting that surface water may not readily facilitate the long term maintenance of AI viruses. These results contribute to our understanding of the role of surface water in the ecology of AI virus.

Subjects/Keywords: influenza A virus; avian influenza virus; persistence; water; waterfowl; wild bird; environmental persistence

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APA (6^th Edition):

Keeler, S. P. (2014). Identification and characterization of factors influencing the persistence of avian influenza virus in surface water of aquatic habitats. (Thesis). University of Georgia. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10724/28307

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Keeler, Shamus Patrick. “Identification and characterization of factors influencing the persistence of avian influenza virus in surface water of aquatic habitats.” 2014. Thesis, University of Georgia. Accessed January 15, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10724/28307.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Keeler, Shamus Patrick. “Identification and characterization of factors influencing the persistence of avian influenza virus in surface water of aquatic habitats.” 2014. Web. 15 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Keeler SP. Identification and characterization of factors influencing the persistence of avian influenza virus in surface water of aquatic habitats. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Georgia; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 15]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10724/28307.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Keeler SP. Identification and characterization of factors influencing the persistence of avian influenza virus in surface water of aquatic habitats. [Thesis]. University of Georgia; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10724/28307

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Minnesota

3. Guo, Xi. Ecology Of Influenza A Virus In Avian Species In Minnesota.

Degree: PhD, Veterinary Medicine, 2018, University of Minnesota

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11299/201698

► The fall introductions of Influenza A virus (IAV) to turkey flocks in Minnesota (MN) have occurred annually since 1982 with very few exceptions. These cases… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: avian species; ecology; epidemiology; influenza A virus; Minnesota; survey

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APA (6^th Edition):

Guo, X. (2018). Ecology Of Influenza A Virus In Avian Species In Minnesota. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Minnesota. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11299/201698

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Guo, Xi. “Ecology Of Influenza A Virus In Avian Species In Minnesota.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Minnesota. Accessed January 15, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11299/201698.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Guo, Xi. “Ecology Of Influenza A Virus In Avian Species In Minnesota.” 2018. Web. 15 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Guo X. Ecology Of Influenza A Virus In Avian Species In Minnesota. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Minnesota; 2018. [cited 2021 Jan 15]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11299/201698.

Council of Science Editors:

Guo X. Ecology Of Influenza A Virus In Avian Species In Minnesota. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Minnesota; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11299/201698

University of Hong Kong

4. 张桂. Development of recombinant adeno-associated virus delivering short-hairpin RNAs to inhibit the replication of influenza A viruses.

Degree: 2011, University of Hong Kong

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10722/144797

Subjects/Keywords: Avian influenza A virus.; RNA.

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

张桂. (2011). Development of recombinant adeno-associated virus delivering short-hairpin RNAs to inhibit the replication of influenza A viruses. (Thesis). University of Hong Kong. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10722/144797

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

张桂. “Development of recombinant adeno-associated virus delivering short-hairpin RNAs to inhibit the replication of influenza A viruses.” 2011. Thesis, University of Hong Kong. Accessed January 15, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/144797.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

张桂. “Development of recombinant adeno-associated virus delivering short-hairpin RNAs to inhibit the replication of influenza A viruses.” 2011. Web. 15 Jan 2021.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete

Vancouver:

张桂. Development of recombinant adeno-associated virus delivering short-hairpin RNAs to inhibit the replication of influenza A viruses. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Hong Kong; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 15]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10722/144797.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

张桂. Development of recombinant adeno-associated virus delivering short-hairpin RNAs to inhibit the replication of influenza A viruses. [Thesis]. University of Hong Kong; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10722/144797

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Hong Kong

5. 林婉雯. A mutation in avian influenza H5 hemagglutinin with efficient packaging into lentiviral backbone and its implications on receptorbinding.

Degree: 2011, University of Hong Kong

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10722/146146

► Because diagnostic tests for highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses require the use of replication-competent viruses in a biosafety level 3 containment, numerous studies have… (more)

▼ Because diagnostic tests for highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses require the use of replication-competent viruses in a biosafety level 3 containment, numerous studies have looked at ways to develop alternative tests. Lentiviral particles pseudotyped with H5 hemagglutinin (HA), the surface glycoprotein of influenza virus, have been described as useful and safe tools for research and serological surveillance on the HPAI viruses. However, not all H5 HA give rise to efficient H5 pseudotyped lentiviral particles (H5pp) production. HA from A/Cambodia/408008/05 H5N1 (H5Cam) and HA from A/Anhui/1/05 H5N1 (H5Anh) exhibit a dramatic difference in their ability to pseudotype lentiviral particles. H5Cam gives the highest H5pp production among all HAs tested, whereas the lowest has been observed with H5Anh. The objective of this study was to investigate the molecular determinants that govern efficient H5pp production. Based on the amino acid differences between H5Cam and H5Anh, H5Anh mutants were generated by site-directed mutagenesis. Strikingly, a single amino acid change, A134V, in the 130-loop receptor-binding domain of HA, significantly increased H5pp production with H5Anh. The finding that valine 134 is crucial for H5pp production was confirmed by reciprocal H5Cam and H5Anh mutants, which displayed either a dramatic decrease or increase in H5pp production, respectively. Influenza virus and H5pp bud at the plasma membrane, therefore changes in HA cell surface expression could affect the production of H5pp. Thus, cell surface expressions of H5Cam and H5Anh were compared by flow cytometry. Intriguingly, H5Cam displayed a higher plasma membrane expression than H5Anh, suggesting that transport is important for H5pp production. Introduction of V134A mutation in H5Cam reduced its surface expression to that of H5Anh; by contrast, H5Anh mutant harboring A134V mutation largely restored its expression. Next the effect of A134V mutation on the binding of HA to sialic acid receptors was investigated. A cell-based Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay was developed to measure binding of wild-type and mutated HA. Soluble recombinant proteins were produced by mammalian cells stably transfected with HA gene ectodomain and were mostly trimeric as indicated by discontinuous native gel electrophoresis. Interestingly, H5Anh proteins exhibited a stronger binding to MDCK cells than H5Cam proteins, and introduction of A134V mutation in H5Anh proteins reduced the binding. By contrast, as predicted, the reciprocal V134A mutation induced a major increase in binding to cellular receptors. It is likely that stronger binding of H5Anh to sialic acids could hinder the release of H5pp. Consistent with this notion, the ability of H5Anh to generate H5pp was significantly increased in a sialylation deficient Lec2 cell, a CHO mutant cell line. In conclusion, H5Cam allows efficient H5pp production whereas H5Anh does not. With several lines of evidence, it is likely that the behavior of H5Anh can be explained by a stronger binding to sialic acid… Advisors/Committee Members: Bruzzone, R (advisor), Jin, D (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Hemagglutinin.; Avian influenza A virus.

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

林婉雯. (2011). A mutation in avian influenza H5 hemagglutinin with efficient packaging into lentiviral backbone and its implications on receptorbinding. (Thesis). University of Hong Kong. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10722/146146

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

林婉雯. “A mutation in avian influenza H5 hemagglutinin with efficient packaging into lentiviral backbone and its implications on receptorbinding.” 2011. Thesis, University of Hong Kong. Accessed January 15, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/146146.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

林婉雯. “A mutation in avian influenza H5 hemagglutinin with efficient packaging into lentiviral backbone and its implications on receptorbinding.” 2011. Web. 15 Jan 2021.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete

Vancouver:

林婉雯. A mutation in avian influenza H5 hemagglutinin with efficient packaging into lentiviral backbone and its implications on receptorbinding. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Hong Kong; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 15]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10722/146146.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

林婉雯. A mutation in avian influenza H5 hemagglutinin with efficient packaging into lentiviral backbone and its implications on receptorbinding. [Thesis]. University of Hong Kong; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10722/146146

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Hong Kong

6. 段炼. The genesis and development of H5N1 influenza virus in poultry in China.

Degree: 2011, University of Hong Kong

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10722/159183

Subjects/Keywords: Avian influenza A virus - China.

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

段炼. (2011). The genesis and development of H5N1 influenza virus in poultry in China. (Thesis). University of Hong Kong. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10722/159183

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

段炼. “The genesis and development of H5N1 influenza virus in poultry in China.” 2011. Thesis, University of Hong Kong. Accessed January 15, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/159183.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

段炼. “The genesis and development of H5N1 influenza virus in poultry in China.” 2011. Web. 15 Jan 2021.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete

Vancouver:

段炼. The genesis and development of H5N1 influenza virus in poultry in China. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Hong Kong; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 15]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10722/159183.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

段炼. The genesis and development of H5N1 influenza virus in poultry in China. [Thesis]. University of Hong Kong; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10722/159183

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Hong Kong

7. 梁彥虹. Ecology, epidemiology and immunology of avian influenza virus.

Degree: 2011, University of Hong Kong

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10722/163604

Subjects/Keywords: Avian influenza A virus.

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APA (6^th Edition):

梁彥虹.. (2011). Ecology, epidemiology and immunology of avian influenza virus. (Thesis). University of Hong Kong. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10722/163604

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

梁彥虹.. “Ecology, epidemiology and immunology of avian influenza virus.” 2011. Thesis, University of Hong Kong. Accessed January 15, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/163604.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

梁彥虹.. “Ecology, epidemiology and immunology of avian influenza virus.” 2011. Web. 15 Jan 2021.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete

Vancouver:

梁彥虹.. Ecology, epidemiology and immunology of avian influenza virus. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Hong Kong; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 15]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10722/163604.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

梁彥虹.. Ecology, epidemiology and immunology of avian influenza virus. [Thesis]. University of Hong Kong; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10722/163604

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Hong Kong

8. Chu, Ying-cheung. Continuing evolution of H9N2 avian influenza A viruses in poultry in southern China.

Degree: 2011, University of Hong Kong

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10722/174388

► Our systematic influenza surveillance in southern China revealed that two lineages of H9N2 influenza viruses, represented by Chicken/Beijing/1/94 and Quail/Hong Kong/G1/97, became endemic in the… (more)

▼ Our systematic influenza surveillance in southern China revealed that two lineages of H9N2 influenza viruses, represented by Chicken/Beijing/1/94 and Quail/Hong Kong/G1/97, became endemic in the poultry in southern China since 1990’s. These established H9N2 lineages continually evolved to generate many different reassortants (or genotypes) and caused sporadic human infection cases. As co-circulating with H5N1 influenza viruses, the increasing genetic diversity and the capability to cause sporadic human infection make the H9N2 viruses become one of the major candidates with pandemic potential. Even though highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza viruses were seldom detected at the live-poultry markets of Hong Kong since 2002, H9N2 viruses were still commonly isolated in our surveillance program. The accumulated H9N2 isolates provided an opportunity to get insights into the continual evolution of this subtype virus in the region. In present study, we have systematically analyzed the H9N2 influenza viruses isolated from 2005 to 2010. Antigenic and phylogenetic analyses of 60 representative H9N2 viruses showed that the Ck/Bei-like H9N2 virus lineage continued endemic in the terrestrial poultry during the survey period in southern China. Genotyping analyses revealed four prevalent genotypes or reassortant variants in the field. Fifty-three of the viruses analyzed belonged to genotype B14 and B15, which were also the major reassortant variants prevailing in southern China from 2000 to 2005. The remaining seven viruses belonged to novel genotypes that have not been identified before. Our findings suggested that the Ck/Bei-like lineage continually maintained high genetic diversity in this region. The epidemiological findings showed that the isolation rate of H9N2 virus at the marketing poultry in Hong Kong was dramatically dropped down since 2009, which was different from what have observed in other provinces in southern China, but was closely correlated with the hygiene measures implemented in live-poultry markets in Hong Kong, e.g. not keeping live chicken overnight. These findings suggest the proper market policy would directly impact the prevalence of influenza virus in the field. Advisors/Committee Members: Guan, Y (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Avian influenza A virus - China.

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Chu, Y. (2011). Continuing evolution of H9N2 avian influenza A viruses in poultry in southern China. (Thesis). University of Hong Kong. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10722/174388

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Chu, Ying-cheung. “Continuing evolution of H9N2 avian influenza A viruses in poultry in southern China.” 2011. Thesis, University of Hong Kong. Accessed January 15, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/174388.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Chu, Ying-cheung. “Continuing evolution of H9N2 avian influenza A viruses in poultry in southern China.” 2011. Web. 15 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Chu Y. Continuing evolution of H9N2 avian influenza A viruses in poultry in southern China. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Hong Kong; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 15]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10722/174388.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Chu Y. Continuing evolution of H9N2 avian influenza A viruses in poultry in southern China. [Thesis]. University of Hong Kong; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10722/174388

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Hong Kong

9. 黄楷. Lineage establishment and replacement of H6 subtype influenza viruses in ducks in southern China.

Degree: 2012, University of Hong Kong

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10722/221251

► Waterfowl are the primary hosts or natural reservoirs of influenza A viruses. Modern agricultural practices have led to two thirds of the world’s domestic ducks… (more)

▼ Waterfowl are the primary hosts or natural reservoirs of influenza A viruses. Modern agricultural practices have led to two thirds of the world’s domestic ducks being intensively farmed in China and created a reservoir host resource of unprecedented size for the influenza virus. The viruses of poultry and mammals were originally derived from waterfowl viruses and over the last two decades several lineages of influenza viruses have emerged and become established in poultry in this region. Due to sporadic human infections, these viruses pose a persistent pandemic threat to the world. H6 is one of the most frequently detected subtypes in ducks, based on long-term influenza surveillance in southern China. Consequently, it was selected to investigate changes in the current influenza ecosystem of this region by exploring how H6 viruses evolve in their natural reservoir host and interact with the influenza virus gene pool. A total of 461 H6 duck viruses, isolated from seven provinces in southern China from 2000 to 2007, were genetically and phylogenetically characterized. Three distinct groups of H6 viruses were identified (Groups I, II and the gene pool). The Group I and II viruses were mainly predominant in the coastal regions (Guangdong and Fujian provinces), while the gene pool H6 viruses were mainly found in inland regions. Group I and II viruses formed two distinct phylogenetic lineages while the gene pool viruses were interspersed among the Eurasian gene pool viruses. Genotyping of the H6 viruses tested showed that Group I and II viruses had a relatively fixed internal gene cassette. Features characteristic of viruses established in aberrant hosts, such as deletions in the stalk region of the NA protein and C-terminal truncations of the NS1 protein were found in these viruses. Both the Group I and II H6 viruses appear to have become established in this natural reservoir host. Group I viruses were present when sampling commenced, while Group II virus emerged later and became common when Group I viruses disappeared in 2005. Subsequently, Group II viruses have expanded their distribution to other provinces and neighboring countries. A change in the predominant NA subtype from N2 to N6 was observed in the Group II viruses, possibly related to changes in HA-NA balance. An apparent change in the replication site from intestine to trachea appeared to be occurring in the Group II viruses. This thesis has shown that the domestic duck can have dual roles in the influenza ecosystem. It may act as a reservoir host or as a host facilitating the establishment of virus lineages. This could allow the domestic duck to act as an intermediate host to facilitate the transmission of gene pool viruses, via establishment, to terrestrial poultry or mammalian hosts. Whether the established H6 viruses detected here could become more easily introduced to other species requires further investigation.

Subjects/Keywords: Avian influenza A virus - China

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APA (6^th Edition):

黄楷. (2012). Lineage establishment and replacement of H6 subtype influenza viruses in ducks in southern China. (Thesis). University of Hong Kong. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10722/221251

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

黄楷. “Lineage establishment and replacement of H6 subtype influenza viruses in ducks in southern China.” 2012. Thesis, University of Hong Kong. Accessed January 15, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/221251.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

黄楷. “Lineage establishment and replacement of H6 subtype influenza viruses in ducks in southern China.” 2012. Web. 15 Jan 2021.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete

Vancouver:

黄楷. Lineage establishment and replacement of H6 subtype influenza viruses in ducks in southern China. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Hong Kong; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 15]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10722/221251.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

黄楷. Lineage establishment and replacement of H6 subtype influenza viruses in ducks in southern China. [Thesis]. University of Hong Kong; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10722/221251

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Hong Kong

10. 陸素梅. Transmission and tissue distribution of H7N9 viruses in chickens.

Degree: 2015, University of Hong Kong

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10722/222391

Subjects/Keywords: Avian influenza A virus

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APA (6^th Edition):

陸素梅. (2015). Transmission and tissue distribution of H7N9 viruses in chickens. (Thesis). University of Hong Kong. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10722/222391

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

陸素梅. “Transmission and tissue distribution of H7N9 viruses in chickens.” 2015. Thesis, University of Hong Kong. Accessed January 15, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/222391.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

陸素梅. “Transmission and tissue distribution of H7N9 viruses in chickens.” 2015. Web. 15 Jan 2021.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete

Vancouver:

陸素梅. Transmission and tissue distribution of H7N9 viruses in chickens. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Hong Kong; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 15]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10722/222391.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

陸素梅. Transmission and tissue distribution of H7N9 viruses in chickens. [Thesis]. University of Hong Kong; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10722/222391

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Hong Kong

11. 陸素梅. Transmission and tissue distribution of H7N9 viruses in chickens.

Degree: 2015, University of Hong Kong

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10722/235743

► Exposure to infected poultry or the contaminated environment in live poultry markets are major risk factors for acquiring Influenza A(H7N9) infections in humans, but the… (more)

▼ Exposure to infected poultry or the contaminated environment in live poultry markets are major risk factors for acquiring Influenza A(H7N9) infections in humans, but the predominate mode of transmission that facilitates the spread of H7N9 virus among poultry and to humans are not fully understood. The H7N9 virus is unusual in its ability to cause serious disease among infected people despite being a low pathogenicity virus in chickens. Severe human disease in the recent past has been associated mainly but not only with HPAI viruses. To gain information to support attempts to control and prevent H7N9 infections, we studied the modes of chicken-to-chicken and chicken-to-ferret transmission, and pathogenicity of H7N9 viruses in chickens. A chicken origin A/Silkie Chicken/Hong Kong/1772-3/2014 (SCk1772) and a human origin A/Hong Kong/3263/2014 (HK3263) H7N9 viruses, which only differed by 4 amino acids, including the mammalian adaptive marker at the PB2 residue 627, were used to evaluate the differences in viral RNA load in multiple organs of 30 infected chickens, as well as the histopathological changes among them. The presence of infective virus was measured by EID 50/TCID50 or virus isolation. SCk1772 and HK3263 replicated to comparable titres in tissue of chickens soon after infection at 2 and 4 dpi. Mild histological lesions including tracheitis (14/30), lymphocytic hyperplasia of caecal tonsils (12/30), mild pancreatic acinar degeneration (8/30) and rare interstitial nephritis (1/30) were observed in chickens. Viral RNA was found in a wide range of organs. Infective virus was confirmed in the kidney (8/8) and pancreas (10/21) of selected chickens, with viral titre of 4.0-6.2 and 3.7-4.5 log10 (TCID50/EID50)/g among five and six chickens respectively. The pancreatic acinar cells from 16 chickens also stained positive for viral antigen in the IHC test. The findings suggest the H7N9 virus replicates in the epithelial cells of kidney and pancreas of infected chickens. The H7N9 virus is highly respiratory trophic with dominant oropharyngeal over cloacal shedding. Overall, we observed rapid efficient transmission of both viruses among chickens via direct contact within 24 hours post-exposure, while airborne transmission was inefficient. The Re-6 H5N1 poultry vaccine did not confer protection against infection and transmission of H7N9 virus in chickens, a result that was expected given the limited evidence of heterosubtypic protection from vaccines. Both SCk1772 and HK3263 exhibited limited transmission from infected chickens to naïve ferrets via the airborne route. Our studies demonstrate that infected chickens shed large quantities of virus and transmitted to other chickens in direct contact efficiently. Experiments in ferrets confirm that infecting human through airborne transmission is possible. Overall, the present study identified direct contact as the main mode for H7N9 transmission among chickens and support applying intervention measures to minimize direct and indirect contact between infected and…

Subjects/Keywords: Avian influenza A virus

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

陸素梅. (2015). Transmission and tissue distribution of H7N9 viruses in chickens. (Thesis). University of Hong Kong. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10722/235743

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

陸素梅. “Transmission and tissue distribution of H7N9 viruses in chickens.” 2015. Thesis, University of Hong Kong. Accessed January 15, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/235743.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

陸素梅. “Transmission and tissue distribution of H7N9 viruses in chickens.” 2015. Web. 15 Jan 2021.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete

Vancouver:

陸素梅. Transmission and tissue distribution of H7N9 viruses in chickens. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Hong Kong; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 15]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10722/235743.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

陸素梅. Transmission and tissue distribution of H7N9 viruses in chickens. [Thesis]. University of Hong Kong; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10722/235743

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

12. Reese, Kaleb A. Development of mucosal vaccines for avian influenza A virus composed of recombinant Lactococcus lactis and Streptococcus gordonii.

Degree: MS, Microbiology, 2011, Oregon State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/23626

► Novel mucosal vaccines (LL-M2e, LL-HAe, SG-HAe) were constructed from live, non-pathogenic Lactococcus lactis or Streptococcus gordonii that express conserved regions of HA or M2 antigens… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Influenza; Avian influenza A virus

…57 Development of mucosal vaccines for avian influenza A virus composed of recombinant… …disease that affects all avian species. It is caused by the influenza A virus from the… …highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) (A/chicken/PA/1370/83) H5N2… …Lactococcus lactis and Streptococcus gordonii Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION Avian influenza is a viral… …However, out of the three types of influenza virus (A, B, and C), birds are only…

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Reese, K. A. (2011). Development of mucosal vaccines for avian influenza A virus composed of recombinant Lactococcus lactis and Streptococcus gordonii. (Masters Thesis). Oregon State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1957/23626

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Reese, Kaleb A. “Development of mucosal vaccines for avian influenza A virus composed of recombinant Lactococcus lactis and Streptococcus gordonii.” 2011. Masters Thesis, Oregon State University. Accessed January 15, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/23626.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Reese, Kaleb A. “Development of mucosal vaccines for avian influenza A virus composed of recombinant Lactococcus lactis and Streptococcus gordonii.” 2011. Web. 15 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Reese KA. Development of mucosal vaccines for avian influenza A virus composed of recombinant Lactococcus lactis and Streptococcus gordonii. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Oregon State University; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 15]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/23626.

Council of Science Editors:

Reese KA. Development of mucosal vaccines for avian influenza A virus composed of recombinant Lactococcus lactis and Streptococcus gordonii. [Masters Thesis]. Oregon State University; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/23626

University of Hong Kong

13. Lau, Siu-ying. Characterizations of antigenic and receptor binding properties of avian H5N1 and 2009 pandemic H1N1 viruses.

Degree: 2011, University of Hong Kong

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10722/177202

► Avian H5N1 viruses have perpetuated in poultry and caused sporadic human transmission since 1997. Vaccine candidates for the potential pandemic caused by H5N1 viruses have… (more)

▼ Avian H5N1 viruses have perpetuated in poultry and caused sporadic human transmission since 1997. Vaccine candidates for the potential pandemic caused by H5N1 viruses have been continuously updated by World Health Organization. Multiple genetic lineages of H5N1 viruses which co-circulate and rapidly evolve in different regions, together with periodic population replacement of newly emerged genetic and antigenic variants in the field, pose great challenge for H5N1 vaccine candidate selection. The complexity of avian H5N1 viruses evolution raises an important issue for studying antigenic properties and also for projecting antigenic trend of this virus since the model established for the seasonal influenza viruses may not apply to H5N1 viruses which they are still in the animal phase. In contrast, the 2009 pandemic H1N1 viruses have established as another seasonal influenza viruses in humans. How will this swine originated viruses evolve genetically and antigenically in humans? For the first in human history, we are able to track the changes of pandemic viruses from the very beginning when they transmitted to human. This study focuses on antigenic and receptor binding properties of avian H5N1 viruses from 1997 to 2010 and 2009 pandemic H1N1 viruses from 2009 to 2011. It is found that avian H5N1 viruses continue to display highly diverse antigenic profile. The newly emerged H5N1 virus variants of clade 2.3.4 in 2008 and clade 2.3.2 in 2010 exhibit distinct antigenic properties as compared to the genetically similar viruses that were characterized previously. Receptor binding analysis showed H5N1 viruses still exhibit binding preference for avian type receptor. However, analysis of escape mutants selected from H5N1 viruses exposed to H5 monoclonal antibodies in cell based assay indicates that mutations in the conserved sites may cause switch of receptor binding specificity to human type or dual specificity for both human and avian. Based on antigenic and receptor binding analyses, it is found that the 2009 pandemic H1N1 viruses isolated from 2009 to 2011 are relatively stable. Most of the antigenic variants to monoclonal antibodies are transient and not able to become prevalent. It remains to be investigated if more significant antigenic variants may emerge in the coming seasons when population immunity prevails this virus. In conclusion, this study showed that clade 2.3 avian H5N1 viruses become increasingly antigenic distinct as compared to clade 2.1 and 2.2 viruses. Antigenic variation in antigenic sites may change receptor binding specificity in avian H5N1 viruses. The 2009 pandemic H1N1 viruses remain stable up to date but continue monitoring in coming seasons is necessary.

Subjects/Keywords: Influenza A virus.; Avian influenza A virus.

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Lau, S. (2011). Characterizations of antigenic and receptor binding properties of avian H5N1 and 2009 pandemic H1N1 viruses. (Thesis). University of Hong Kong. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10722/177202

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Lau, Siu-ying. “Characterizations of antigenic and receptor binding properties of avian H5N1 and 2009 pandemic H1N1 viruses.” 2011. Thesis, University of Hong Kong. Accessed January 15, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/177202.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Lau, Siu-ying. “Characterizations of antigenic and receptor binding properties of avian H5N1 and 2009 pandemic H1N1 viruses.” 2011. Web. 15 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Lau S. Characterizations of antigenic and receptor binding properties of avian H5N1 and 2009 pandemic H1N1 viruses. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Hong Kong; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 15]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10722/177202.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Lau S. Characterizations of antigenic and receptor binding properties of avian H5N1 and 2009 pandemic H1N1 viruses. [Thesis]. University of Hong Kong; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10722/177202

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Hong Kong

14. Cheung, Chung-lam. Genesis and evolution of H6N1 virus in terrestrial poultry in southernChina.

Degree: 2011, University of Hong Kong

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10722/174320

► During the 1997 Hong Kong ‘bird flu’ incident, three subtypes of influenza viruses, including H5N1, H9N2 and H6N1, were co-circulated at the live-poultry markets. Genetic… (more)

▼ During the 1997 Hong Kong ‘bird flu’ incident, three subtypes of influenza viruses, including H5N1, H9N2 and H6N1, were co-circulated at the live-poultry markets. Genetic analyses revealed that all these viruses shared the same internal gene complex and might have been all involved in generation of the HK/97-like H5N1 virus. Subsequent epidemiological and genetic studies found that both H6N1 and H9N2 viruses became established and prevalent in minor poultry in the region. However, the genesis pathway for each of these viruses has not been defined. It is also unclear about these three subtypes further interact with each other and evolve in the field, along with the emerging reassortant variants. To address these questions, H6 subtype of avian influenza viruses isolated from terrestrial minor poultry from 2000 to 2005, and from 2006 to 2007 in our influenza surveillance in southern china has been genetically and antigenically analyzed in this study. Genetic and phylogenetic analyses of representative strains indicated that all H6N1 isolates from 2000 to 2007 had W312-like hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes. These H6N1 viruses have become established in the minor poultry, mainly in quail and chukar, in this region. However, phylogenetic analyses revealed that the internal genes of the H6N1 virus lineage were derived from multiple origins with different evolutionary pathways. Evolution analyses of different gene segments of H6N1 viruses revealed imbalance dynamic evolutionary rates between surface genes and internal genes, which suggests that this virus lineage was more likely a descendant of the HK/97-like H5N1, rather than its precursor virus. Similar to what have been observed in the H5N1 and H9N2 virus lineages, the internal gene complex of the H6N1 viruses was found to undergo extensive reassortment. Many novel internal gene segments of H6N1 viruses were first recognized in the reassortant H9N2 virus particles, suggesting that the gene flow is likely from H9N2 to H6N1. The co-circulation of different virus lineages in southern China has greatly increased the genetic diversity of influenza viruses in this region. Analyses of the dynamics of different H6N1 reassortant variants also showed that some of them became persistent, but others were transient in the field. The increasingly diversified H6N1 and other subtypes of viruses will naturally increase the opportunity of interspecies transmission and dissemination, and may pose renewal threat for public health. Advisors/Committee Members: Chen, H (advisor), Guan, Y (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Avian influenza A virus - China; South.

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Cheung, C. (2011). Genesis and evolution of H6N1 virus in terrestrial poultry in southernChina. (Thesis). University of Hong Kong. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10722/174320

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Cheung, Chung-lam. “Genesis and evolution of H6N1 virus in terrestrial poultry in southernChina.” 2011. Thesis, University of Hong Kong. Accessed January 15, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/174320.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Cheung, Chung-lam. “Genesis and evolution of H6N1 virus in terrestrial poultry in southernChina.” 2011. Web. 15 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Cheung C. Genesis and evolution of H6N1 virus in terrestrial poultry in southernChina. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Hong Kong; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 15]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10722/174320.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Cheung C. Genesis and evolution of H6N1 virus in terrestrial poultry in southernChina. [Thesis]. University of Hong Kong; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10722/174320

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Hong Kong

15. 曹婷婷. Identification and evaluation of protective activity of a T cell epitope targeting nucleoprotein of H5N1 influenza virus.

Degree: 2012, University of Hong Kong

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10722/174380

► The outbreaks of human influenza caused by highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus have attracted a lot of attention and public concern. Effective and universal… (more)

▼ The outbreaks of human influenza caused by highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus have attracted a lot of attention and public concern. Effective and universal vaccines may be the best means for prevention and control of the influenza. Taking into account that viral clearance and recovery from influenza A virus infection have been demonstrated to be correlated to specific cytoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) instead of neutralizing antibodies, it is important to develop effective vaccines which are capable of inducing not only neutralizing antibody but also CTL responses. Furthermore, T cell epitopes are usually more conserved than neutralizing epitopes. However, rare information concerning human T cell epitopes specific to H5N1 virus has been reported so far. This study was designed to test our hypothesis that novel and potent human CTL and Th epitopes specific to NP protein of H5N1 virus may be identified in vaccinated and/or infected HLA-A2/DR1 transgenic mice (SURE/L1), while protective epitopes may be further defined from the identified T cell epitopes in the mice challenged with lethal dose of the virus. We used SURE/L1 mouse model because it contains HLA-A2 (*0201) and -DR1 (*0701), both are the second highest frequency of HLA class I and II in Chinese. Since the NP gene is relatively conserved among different clades or strains of H5N1 virus, we selected viral protein NP as the target. Furthermore, we screened the T cell epitopes in splenocytes not only from vaccinated mice but also from survived mice infected with gradually increased dose of H5N1 virus, because the T cell epitopes identified in both vaccinated and infected mice or in infected mice alone might have higher potential to be protective epitopes. In this study, a novel HLA-DR1 (class II) restricted T cell epitope NP368-382, NPII-7, was identified in both vaccinated and infected mice. Two doses of NPII-7 peptide boosting in the mice induced very strong Th1 and CTL responses but no NP specific antibody responses. The vaccination of additional 2 doses of NPII-7 also provided partial protection against lethal challenge of H5N1 virus in the mice, whereas NP DNA vaccination alone did not show any protective effect. The protective effect may be attributed to the strong Th1 and CTL responses induced by the NPII-7 vaccination, because both NP DNA and NPII-7 vaccinations could not induce neutralizing antibody response. Notably, a HLA class II restricted peptide, NPII-7, may induce not only Th1 responses but also more strong HLA class I restricted T cell (CTL) responses. It may probably due to that the HLA-DR1 restricted T cell epitope (NENMEAMDSNTLELR) contained the full sequence of a reported HLA-A2 restricted CTL epitope (AMDSNTLEL), named NP-17 in this study. Although it needs to be further defined whether this novel epitope is really a HLA-DR1 restricted T cell epitope, or it shares the activity of HLA-A2 restricted T cell epitope, or it is just an alternate HLA-A2 restricted T cell epitope, this study has identified a novel T cell epitope and proved that… Advisors/Committee Members: Zheng, B (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: T cells.; Avian influenza A virus.

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

曹婷婷.. (2012). Identification and evaluation of protective activity of a T cell epitope targeting nucleoprotein of H5N1 influenza virus. (Thesis). University of Hong Kong. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10722/174380

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

曹婷婷.. “Identification and evaluation of protective activity of a T cell epitope targeting nucleoprotein of H5N1 influenza virus.” 2012. Thesis, University of Hong Kong. Accessed January 15, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/174380.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

曹婷婷.. “Identification and evaluation of protective activity of a T cell epitope targeting nucleoprotein of H5N1 influenza virus.” 2012. Web. 15 Jan 2021.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete

Vancouver:

曹婷婷.. Identification and evaluation of protective activity of a T cell epitope targeting nucleoprotein of H5N1 influenza virus. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Hong Kong; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 15]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10722/174380.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

曹婷婷.. Identification and evaluation of protective activity of a T cell epitope targeting nucleoprotein of H5N1 influenza virus. [Thesis]. University of Hong Kong; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10722/174380

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Maryland

16. Pena, Lindomar Jose. MOLECULAR PATHOGENESIS OF INFLUENZA IN SWINE AND ENGINEERING OF NOVEL RECOMBINANT INFLUENZA VIRUSES.

Degree: Veterinary Medical Science, 2011, University of Maryland

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1903/12305

► Influenza A viruses (IAVs) belong to the family Orthomyxoviridae and represent major pathogens of both humans and animals. Swine influenza virus is an important pathogen… (more)

▼ Influenza A viruses (IAVs) belong to the family Orthomyxoviridae and represent major pathogens of both humans and animals. Swine influenza virus is an important pathogen that affects not only the swine industry, but also represents a constant threat to the turkey industry and is of particular concern to public health. In North America, H3N2 triple reassortant (TR) IAVs first emerged in 1998 and have since become endemic in swine populations. In the first part of this dissertation, we focused on the role of surface glycoproteins and PB1-F2 to unravel their roles in the virulence of TR IAVs in this important natural host. We found that surface glycoproteins are necessary and sufficient for the lung pathology, whereas the internal genes play a major role in the febrile response induced by TR H3N2 IAVs in swine. With respect to PB1-F2, we found that PB1-F2 exerts pleiotropic effects in the swine host, which are expressed in a strain-dependent manner. Pathogenicity studies in swine revealed that the presence of PB1-F2 leads the following effects in context of three TR strains tested: no effect in the context of sw/99 strain; increases the virulence of pH1N1; and decreases the virulence of ty/04. Next, we developed temperature-sensitive live attenuated influenza vaccines for use in swine and shown that these vaccines are safe and efficacious against aggressive intratracheal challenge with pH1N1. Lastly, we rearranged the genome of an avian H9N2 influenza virus to generate replication competent influenza virus vectors that provide a robust system for expression and delivery of foreign genes. As a proof-of-principle, we expressed the hemagglutinin from a prototypical highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) H5N1 and shown that this vectored H5 vaccine retained its safety properties in avian and mammalian species, and induced excellent protection against aggressive HPAIV H5N1 challenges in both mice and ferrets. Taken together, these studies have advanced our understanding of molecular basis of pathogenesis of influenza in the swine host and have contributed to the development of improved vaccines and influenza-based vectors with potential applications in both human and veterinary medicine. Advisors/Committee Members: Perez, Daniel R (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Veterinary medicine; Virology; avian; Influenza A virus; pathogenesis; reverse genetics; swine; vaccine

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Pena, L. J. (2011). MOLECULAR PATHOGENESIS OF INFLUENZA IN SWINE AND ENGINEERING OF NOVEL RECOMBINANT INFLUENZA VIRUSES. (Thesis). University of Maryland. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1903/12305

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Pena, Lindomar Jose. “MOLECULAR PATHOGENESIS OF INFLUENZA IN SWINE AND ENGINEERING OF NOVEL RECOMBINANT INFLUENZA VIRUSES.” 2011. Thesis, University of Maryland. Accessed January 15, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/12305.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Pena, Lindomar Jose. “MOLECULAR PATHOGENESIS OF INFLUENZA IN SWINE AND ENGINEERING OF NOVEL RECOMBINANT INFLUENZA VIRUSES.” 2011. Web. 15 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Pena LJ. MOLECULAR PATHOGENESIS OF INFLUENZA IN SWINE AND ENGINEERING OF NOVEL RECOMBINANT INFLUENZA VIRUSES. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Maryland; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 15]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1903/12305.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Pena LJ. MOLECULAR PATHOGENESIS OF INFLUENZA IN SWINE AND ENGINEERING OF NOVEL RECOMBINANT INFLUENZA VIRUSES. [Thesis]. University of Maryland; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1903/12305

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Georgia

17. Kistler, Whitney Michael. Influenza A viruses and avian paramyxoviruses in wild birds.

Degree: 2015, University of Georgia

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10724/30968

► Traditional surveillance of Influenza A viruses (IAVs) in wild birds has used RT-PCR or virus isolation. However, commercially available serological assays have been developed recently… (more)

▼ Traditional surveillance of Influenza A viruses (IAVs) in wild birds has used RT-PCR or virus isolation. However, commercially available serological assays have been developed recently which can complement virus detection assays. This is useful because antibodies to IAVs are detectable longer than viral shedding and can be used in species that shed virus briefly or species that are not easily sampled when IAVs are circulating. In addition, serology has been an underutilized for avian paramyxovoviruses (APMVs) in wild birds. Furthermore, except for Newcastle disease virus (NDV), there is very few data on APMVs in wild birds. The objectives of this work were to use serological assays and virus isolation to determine: 1) IAV subtype-specific antibodies in Canada geese (Branta canadensis) and risk factors associated with exposure; 2) evaluate exposure of mute swans (Cygnus olor) to IAVs; and 3) the role of wood ducks (Aix sponsa) in the epidemiology of IAVs and APMVs. Canada geese were frequently exposed to the same IAVs subtypes that circulate in dabbling ducks; however, they had a high prevalence of H5-specific antibodies which are rare in ducks. There was no significant variation in antibody prevalence among years and percent developed was the only environmental predictor variable associated with risk. These data suggest that Canada geese share a common exposure with dabbling ducks and serologic data are not sensitive enough to detect local and annual variation in IAV circulation. Similarly, mute swans had a high IAVs antibody prevalence. The high nucleoprotein prevalence is likely related to antibody persistence and long life span of mute swans. The H5-specific antibody prevalence was also high which suggest mute swans may have flock immunity, which could protect them from disease associated with highly pathogenic H5N1. Wood ducks were not frequently exposed to IAVs but are frequently exposed to APMVs. These data suggest exposure of wood ducks are likely only spillover hosts and exposure is location dependent and occurs only when ducks shed IAV. Additionally, wood ducks may be important hosts of APMVs, but virus isolation data is lacking.

Subjects/Keywords: Avian Paramyxoviruses; Canada Geese; Influenza A Virus; Mute Swans; Serology; Wood Ducks

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Kistler, W. M. (2015). Influenza A viruses and avian paramyxoviruses in wild birds. (Thesis). University of Georgia. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10724/30968

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kistler, Whitney Michael. “Influenza A viruses and avian paramyxoviruses in wild birds.” 2015. Thesis, University of Georgia. Accessed January 15, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10724/30968.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kistler, Whitney Michael. “Influenza A viruses and avian paramyxoviruses in wild birds.” 2015. Web. 15 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Kistler WM. Influenza A viruses and avian paramyxoviruses in wild birds. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Georgia; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 15]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10724/30968.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Kistler WM. Influenza A viruses and avian paramyxoviruses in wild birds. [Thesis]. University of Georgia; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10724/30968

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

18. Essere, Boris. Étude des mécanismes moléculaires gouvernant le réassortiment génétique des virus Influenza de type A : Study of molecular mechanisms of Influenza Virus genetic reassortment.

Degree: Docteur es, Virologie, 2011, Université Claude Bernard – Lyon I

URL: http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10119

►

La grippe, infection respiratoire virale fréquente, est due aux virus Influenza. Leur génome est constitué par huit molécules d’ARN de polarité négative retrouvés sous la… (more)

▼

La grippe, infection respiratoire virale fréquente, est due aux virus Influenza. Leur génome est constitué par huit molécules d’ARN de polarité négative retrouvés sous la forme de complexe ribonucléique (RNPv). Au cours du cycle viral, il a été démontré que les régions terminales des segments de gène étaient cruciales pour l’incorporation sélective des huit RNPv à l’intérieur des particules virales. Par des techniques d’interaction in vitro et de tomographie électronique, nous avons montré que les segments de gène du virus H3N2 interagissaient entre eux par des interactions ARN/ARN impliquant leurs régions de packaging. Nos résultats suggèrent que la mise en place de ce réseau permettrait la formation d’un complexe supra macromoléculaire multi-segmenté permettant l’incorporation d’un jeu complet des huit RNPv dans les particules virales néosynthetisées. En raison de la nature segmentée du génome viral, des phénomènes de réassortiment génétique peuvent avoir lieu lors d’une co-infection. Afin de définir les mécanismes responsables de la restriction observée lors de ce phénomène, nous avons évalué le taux de réassortiment génétique in vitro entre le virus humain H3N2 et le virus aviaire H5N2. Nos résultats suggèrent que le mécanisme gouvernant l’incorporation sélective des segments de gènes, régulerait le réassortiment génétique. Nous avons montré que la modulation de l’interaction ARN/ARN entre les segments de gènes HA et M permet d’augmenter le taux d’incorporation du segment de gène HA H5 dans le fond génétique du virus humain, prérequis pour l’émergence de virus pandémique

The Flu is a frequent viral infectious disease caused by the Influenza viruses. Their genomes are composed by eight negative single-stranded RNA organised as vRNPs. During the viral cycle, the terminal non-coding and coding regions of viral genome have been shown to be crucial for the selective incorporation of a complete set of the eight vRNPs into influenza viral particles. Band shift assay and electron tomography allowed us to show that all gene segments interact together by RNA/RNA interactions involving their packaging region. Our results suggest that the eight genomic vRNAs are selected and packaged as an organized supramolecular complex held together between identified packaging regions into neosynthesized virions. Due to genome segmented nature, genetic reassortment can occur during co-infection. In order to identify molecular mechanisms responsible for the observed restriction during the genetic reassortment, we have developed a new competitive reverse genetic strategy allowing us to evaluate the genetic reassortment between H3N2 and H5N2 viruses. Our results suggest that mechanism controlling the packaging should regulate genetic reassortment. We have shown that the modulation of RNA/RNA interaction between HA and M gene segment have allowed us to increase HA H5 gene segment incorporation rate into a viral human genetic background, prerequisite for pandemic virus emergency

Advisors/Committee Members: Lina, Bruno (thesis director), Moulès, Vincent (thesis director).

Subjects/Keywords: Virus Influenza de type A; Virus aviaire; Réassortiment génétique; Empaquetage; Interaction ARN/ARN; Influenza A virus; Avian virus; Genetic reassortment; Bundling; RNA/RNA interaction; 579.2

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Essere, B. (2011). Étude des mécanismes moléculaires gouvernant le réassortiment génétique des virus Influenza de type A : Study of molecular mechanisms of Influenza Virus genetic reassortment. (Doctoral Dissertation). Université Claude Bernard – Lyon I. Retrieved from http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10119

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Essere, Boris. “Étude des mécanismes moléculaires gouvernant le réassortiment génétique des virus Influenza de type A : Study of molecular mechanisms of Influenza Virus genetic reassortment.” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, Université Claude Bernard – Lyon I. Accessed January 15, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10119.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Essere, Boris. “Étude des mécanismes moléculaires gouvernant le réassortiment génétique des virus Influenza de type A : Study of molecular mechanisms of Influenza Virus genetic reassortment.” 2011. Web. 15 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Essere B. Étude des mécanismes moléculaires gouvernant le réassortiment génétique des virus Influenza de type A : Study of molecular mechanisms of Influenza Virus genetic reassortment. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Université Claude Bernard – Lyon I; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 15]. Available from: http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10119.

Council of Science Editors:

Essere B. Étude des mécanismes moléculaires gouvernant le réassortiment génétique des virus Influenza de type A : Study of molecular mechanisms of Influenza Virus genetic reassortment. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Université Claude Bernard – Lyon I; 2011. Available from: http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10119

Rutgers University

19. Wagh, Kshitij. Studies in viral population genetics and bioinformatics.

Degree: Physics and Astronomy, 2013, Rutgers University

URL: https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/41942/

Subjects/Keywords: Viruses; Viral genetics; Viral genomes; Avian influenza A virus – Research

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APA (6^th Edition):

Wagh, K. (2013). Studies in viral population genetics and bioinformatics. (Thesis). Rutgers University. Retrieved from https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/41942/

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Wagh, Kshitij. “Studies in viral population genetics and bioinformatics.” 2013. Thesis, Rutgers University. Accessed January 15, 2021. https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/41942/.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Wagh, Kshitij. “Studies in viral population genetics and bioinformatics.” 2013. Web. 15 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Wagh K. Studies in viral population genetics and bioinformatics. [Internet] [Thesis]. Rutgers University; 2013. [cited 2021 Jan 15]. Available from: https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/41942/.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Wagh K. Studies in viral population genetics and bioinformatics. [Thesis]. Rutgers University; 2013. Available from: https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/41942/

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Hong Kong

20. 王培. Study of the host factors interacting with H5N1 influenza virus.

Degree: 2009, University of Hong Kong

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10722/128558

Subjects/Keywords: Host-virus relationships.; Avian influenza A virus.

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

王培. (2009). Study of the host factors interacting with H5N1 influenza virus. (Thesis). University of Hong Kong. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10722/128558

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

王培. “Study of the host factors interacting with H5N1 influenza virus.” 2009. Thesis, University of Hong Kong. Accessed January 15, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/128558.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

王培. “Study of the host factors interacting with H5N1 influenza virus.” 2009. Web. 15 Jan 2021.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete

Vancouver:

王培. Study of the host factors interacting with H5N1 influenza virus. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Hong Kong; 2009. [cited 2021 Jan 15]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10722/128558.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

王培. Study of the host factors interacting with H5N1 influenza virus. [Thesis]. University of Hong Kong; 2009. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10722/128558

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Hong Kong

21. 王嘉. Genesis, evolution and dissemination of highly pathogenic avian H5N1 influenza A virus in Southern China.

Degree: 2010, University of Hong Kong

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10722/133293

Subjects/Keywords: Avian influenza A virus - China.; Virus diseases - Genetic aspects.

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

王嘉. (2010). Genesis, evolution and dissemination of highly pathogenic avian H5N1 influenza A virus in Southern China. (Thesis). University of Hong Kong. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10722/133293

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

王嘉. “Genesis, evolution and dissemination of highly pathogenic avian H5N1 influenza A virus in Southern China.” 2010. Thesis, University of Hong Kong. Accessed January 15, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/133293.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

王嘉. “Genesis, evolution and dissemination of highly pathogenic avian H5N1 influenza A virus in Southern China.” 2010. Web. 15 Jan 2021.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete

Vancouver:

王嘉. Genesis, evolution and dissemination of highly pathogenic avian H5N1 influenza A virus in Southern China. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Hong Kong; 2010. [cited 2021 Jan 15]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10722/133293.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

王嘉. Genesis, evolution and dissemination of highly pathogenic avian H5N1 influenza A virus in Southern China. [Thesis]. University of Hong Kong; 2010. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10722/133293

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

22. Phiri, Bruno S.J. Prevalence of Avian Influenza viruses in Northern Zambia.

Degree: 2012, University of Zimbabwe

URL: http://dspace.unza.zm/handle/123456789/1909

► This study described the prevalence of avian influenza viruses in wild waterfowl and domestic birds on the wetlands of Northern Zambia (Luapula and Northern Provinces).… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Avian Influenza – Zambia; Poultry – Virus Diseases

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Phiri, B. S. J. (2012). Prevalence of Avian Influenza viruses in Northern Zambia. (Thesis). University of Zimbabwe. Retrieved from http://dspace.unza.zm/handle/123456789/1909

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Phiri, Bruno S J. “Prevalence of Avian Influenza viruses in Northern Zambia.” 2012. Thesis, University of Zimbabwe. Accessed January 15, 2021. http://dspace.unza.zm/handle/123456789/1909.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Phiri, Bruno S J. “Prevalence of Avian Influenza viruses in Northern Zambia.” 2012. Web. 15 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Phiri BSJ. Prevalence of Avian Influenza viruses in Northern Zambia. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Zimbabwe; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 15]. Available from: http://dspace.unza.zm/handle/123456789/1909.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Phiri BSJ. Prevalence of Avian Influenza viruses in Northern Zambia. [Thesis]. University of Zimbabwe; 2012. Available from: http://dspace.unza.zm/handle/123456789/1909

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

23. Phiri, Bruno S.J. Prevelance of Avian Influenza Viruses in Northern Zambia.

Degree: 2012, University of Zimbabwe

URL: http://dspace.unza.zm/handle/123456789/1892

► This study described the prevalence of avian influenza viruses in wild waterfowl and domestic birds on the wetlands of Northern Zambia (Luapula and Northern Provinces).… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Avian Influenza – Zambia; Poultry – Virus diseases

Record Details Similar Records Cite « Share

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Phiri, B. S. J. (2012). Prevelance of Avian Influenza Viruses in Northern Zambia. (Thesis). University of Zimbabwe. Retrieved from http://dspace.unza.zm/handle/123456789/1892

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Phiri, Bruno S J. “Prevelance of Avian Influenza Viruses in Northern Zambia.” 2012. Thesis, University of Zimbabwe. Accessed January 15, 2021. http://dspace.unza.zm/handle/123456789/1892.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Phiri, Bruno S J. “Prevelance of Avian Influenza Viruses in Northern Zambia.” 2012. Web. 15 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Phiri BSJ. Prevelance of Avian Influenza Viruses in Northern Zambia. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Zimbabwe; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 15]. Available from: http://dspace.unza.zm/handle/123456789/1892.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Phiri BSJ. Prevelance of Avian Influenza Viruses in Northern Zambia. [Thesis]. University of Zimbabwe; 2012. Available from: http://dspace.unza.zm/handle/123456789/1892

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Hong Kong

24. Yuen, Kit-man. Comparison of influenza A virus induced apoptosis in human respiratoryepithelial cells: an in vitro and ex vivostudy.

Degree: 2011, University of Hong Kong

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10722/174340

► Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1, which is panzootic in poultry, continues to spread and becomes endemic in Asia, Africa, and Europe. It causes human disease… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Apoptosis.; Epithelial cells.; Respiratory organs - Diseases.; Influenza A virus.; Avian influenza A virus.

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Yuen, K. (2011). Comparison of influenza A virus induced apoptosis in human respiratoryepithelial cells: an in vitro and ex vivostudy. (Thesis). University of Hong Kong. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10722/174340

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Yuen, Kit-man. “Comparison of influenza A virus induced apoptosis in human respiratoryepithelial cells: an in vitro and ex vivostudy.” 2011. Thesis, University of Hong Kong. Accessed January 15, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/174340.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Yuen, Kit-man. “Comparison of influenza A virus induced apoptosis in human respiratoryepithelial cells: an in vitro and ex vivostudy.” 2011. Web. 15 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Yuen K. Comparison of influenza A virus induced apoptosis in human respiratoryepithelial cells: an in vitro and ex vivostudy. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Hong Kong; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 15]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10722/174340.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Yuen K. Comparison of influenza A virus induced apoptosis in human respiratoryepithelial cells: an in vitro and ex vivostudy. [Thesis]. University of Hong Kong; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10722/174340

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Hong Kong

25. 夏正耘. Interactions of human natural killer cells with the hemagglutinin froman H5N1 influenza virus.

Degree: 2010, University of Hong Kong

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10722/65409

Subjects/Keywords: Avian influenza A virus.; Killer cells.; Hemagglutinin.

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

夏正耘.. (2010). Interactions of human natural killer cells with the hemagglutinin froman H5N1 influenza virus. (Thesis). University of Hong Kong. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10722/65409

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

夏正耘.. “Interactions of human natural killer cells with the hemagglutinin froman H5N1 influenza virus.” 2010. Thesis, University of Hong Kong. Accessed January 15, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/65409.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

夏正耘.. “Interactions of human natural killer cells with the hemagglutinin froman H5N1 influenza virus.” 2010. Web. 15 Jan 2021.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete

Vancouver:

夏正耘.. Interactions of human natural killer cells with the hemagglutinin froman H5N1 influenza virus. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Hong Kong; 2010. [cited 2021 Jan 15]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10722/65409.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

夏正耘.. Interactions of human natural killer cells with the hemagglutinin froman H5N1 influenza virus. [Thesis]. University of Hong Kong; 2010. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10722/65409

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Hong Kong

26. 秦堃. Role of a distinct PA gene for the pathogenicity and replication properties of avian H5N1 influenza virus in mice.

Degree: 2009, University of Hong Kong

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10722/132079

Subjects/Keywords: Viral genetics.; Avian influenza A virus.; Viruses - Reproduction.

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

秦堃. (2009). Role of a distinct PA gene for the pathogenicity and replication properties of avian H5N1 influenza virus in mice. (Thesis). University of Hong Kong. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10722/132079

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

秦堃. “Role of a distinct PA gene for the pathogenicity and replication properties of avian H5N1 influenza virus in mice.” 2009. Thesis, University of Hong Kong. Accessed January 15, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/132079.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

秦堃. “Role of a distinct PA gene for the pathogenicity and replication properties of avian H5N1 influenza virus in mice.” 2009. Web. 15 Jan 2021.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete

Vancouver:

秦堃. Role of a distinct PA gene for the pathogenicity and replication properties of avian H5N1 influenza virus in mice. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Hong Kong; 2009. [cited 2021 Jan 15]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10722/132079.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

秦堃. Role of a distinct PA gene for the pathogenicity and replication properties of avian H5N1 influenza virus in mice. [Thesis]. University of Hong Kong; 2009. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10722/132079

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Hong Kong

27. Kang, Sa-rang. Role of indirubin-3'-oxime as antiviral and immunomodulatory agent in influenza H5N1 virus infected human alveolar epithelial cells.

Degree: 2012, University of Hong Kong

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10722/173845

► Continually reported human cases of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus infection create heightened threat to public health, due to the disease severity and… (more)

▼ Continually reported human cases of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus infection create heightened threat to public health, due to the disease severity and high lethality. Acute respiratory syndrome (ARDS) has been found to be the most severe form of acute lung injury caused by H5N1 virus infection. Studies have highlighted that the unusually high virulence of H5N1 virus infection is associated with the cytokine dysregulation and enhanced viral replication in the host. In reference to the past experience during Spanish 1918 influenza pandemic and SARS, it is crucial that a novel therapeutic target is explored and employed in time for the effective control of emerging diseases. The pandemic potential of H5N1 influenza virus urges well preparedness not only in terms of containment measures, but also in the treatment aspect of the severe human H5N1 disease. To date, therapeutic approaches are limited to the use of vaccine, antiviral drugs and corticosteroids. It has been suggested that commercially available antiviral drugs are prone to induce resistance mutations; and are effective in the protection against influenza virus infection only if administered during the early course of disease development. Moreover, vaccine development does not grant a promising therapeutic strategy at the time of a pandemic as it takes time for the development and distribution of safe and reliable vaccine. In attempts to search for a novel adjunctive therapy in addition to currently available agents, indirubin-3’-oxime (IDO) and indirubin derivative, E804 have been tested to show the effect in cytokine suppression and antiviral activity against H5N1 influenza virus infection in vitro. These compounds have been extracted and purified from a natural herb called Isatis tinctoria which is frequently used for herbal remedy in treating respiratory symptoms in traditional Chinese medicine. In this study, it was demonstrated that IDO and E804 treatment in H5N1 influenza virus infected human alveolar epithelial cells effectively inhibit the proinflammatory cytokine induction and viral replication. This physiologically relevant in vitro alveolar epithelial cell model and the efficacy of IDO and E804 provide new insights to the development of new treatment option for severe human H5N1 disease.

Subjects/Keywords: Indirubin.; Antiviral agents.; Avian influenza A virus.; Epithelial cells.

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Kang, S. (2012). Role of indirubin-3'-oxime as antiviral and immunomodulatory agent in influenza H5N1 virus infected human alveolar epithelial cells. (Thesis). University of Hong Kong. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10722/173845

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kang, Sa-rang. “Role of indirubin-3'-oxime as antiviral and immunomodulatory agent in influenza H5N1 virus infected human alveolar epithelial cells.” 2012. Thesis, University of Hong Kong. Accessed January 15, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/173845.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kang, Sa-rang. “Role of indirubin-3'-oxime as antiviral and immunomodulatory agent in influenza H5N1 virus infected human alveolar epithelial cells.” 2012. Web. 15 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Kang S. Role of indirubin-3'-oxime as antiviral and immunomodulatory agent in influenza H5N1 virus infected human alveolar epithelial cells. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Hong Kong; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 15]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10722/173845.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Kang S. Role of indirubin-3'-oxime as antiviral and immunomodulatory agent in influenza H5N1 virus infected human alveolar epithelial cells. [Thesis]. University of Hong Kong; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10722/173845

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Virginia Tech

28. McGonagle, Lynn. Characterization of a 4.0 kilobase plasmid from Pasteurella multocida.

Degree: MS, Veterinary Medical Sciences, 1989, Virginia Tech

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45762

Subjects/Keywords: Avian influenza A virus; LD5655.V855 1989.M3275

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

McGonagle, L. (1989). Characterization of a 4.0 kilobase plasmid from Pasteurella multocida. (Masters Thesis). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45762

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

McGonagle, Lynn. “Characterization of a 4.0 kilobase plasmid from Pasteurella multocida.” 1989. Masters Thesis, Virginia Tech. Accessed January 15, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45762.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

McGonagle, Lynn. “Characterization of a 4.0 kilobase plasmid from Pasteurella multocida.” 1989. Web. 15 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

McGonagle L. Characterization of a 4.0 kilobase plasmid from Pasteurella multocida. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Virginia Tech; 1989. [cited 2021 Jan 15]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45762.

Council of Science Editors:

McGonagle L. Characterization of a 4.0 kilobase plasmid from Pasteurella multocida. [Masters Thesis]. Virginia Tech; 1989. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45762

University of Georgia

29. Ramey, Andrew Mark. Assessing the evidence for intercontinental redistribution of infectious agents by migratory birds.

Degree: 2016, University of Georgia

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10724/33779

► In order to assess risk associated with the introduction of foreign origin pathogens by wild birds and to develop effective surveillance programs for infectious agents… (more)

▼ In order to assess risk associated with the introduction of foreign origin pathogens by wild birds and to develop effective surveillance programs for infectious agents that may affect human, avian, and ecosystem health, additional information is needed regarding the spread of infectious agents within and between migratory flyways. The intercontinental redistribution of avian paramyxovirus serotype 1 (APMV-1), blood parasites, and influenza A virus (IAV) was therefore assessed in migratory birds at locations along the continental margins of North America in the United States (USA) through a series of three investigations. The first assessed the redistribution of APMV-1 between East Asia and North America through genetic characterization of isolates from Japan, Russia, and Alaska (USA). Evidence supported the intercontinental redistribution of Class II genotype I viruses by wild birds and samples providing support for this conclusion originated from species with transhemispheric migratory tendencies. A second investigation assessed the redistribution of blood parasites between East Asia and North America using samples collected from the northern pintail (Anas acuta) in Alaska (USA), California (USA), and Japan. Genetic characterization of Haemoproteus, Leucocytozoon, and Plasmodium parasites supported gene flow among sampling areas on two continents which suggests intercontinental parasite exchange. A third study assessed the genetic exchange of IAV between North America and South America in migratory birds through the genomic characterization of isolates obtained from blue-winged teal (Anas discors). No evidence of viral gene flow was found between North America and southern South America (e.g. Argentina); however, results of this study and recent parallel investigations suggest that genetic exchange of IAV may be extensive between North America and the northern Neotropics. Collectively, these three projects provide new evidence supporting the role of migratory birds in redistributing viral and parasitic agents between continents. Furthermore, results from these projects are useful for identifying research priorities for clarifying the extent of intercontinental virus and parasite exchange.

Subjects/Keywords: Anas acuta; Anas discors; avian paramyxovirus; blood parasite; blue-winged teal; haematozoa; infectious agent; influenza A virus; migratory bird; northern pintail

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Ramey, A. M. (2016). Assessing the evidence for intercontinental redistribution of infectious agents by migratory birds. (Thesis). University of Georgia. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10724/33779

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Ramey, Andrew Mark. “Assessing the evidence for intercontinental redistribution of infectious agents by migratory birds.” 2016. Thesis, University of Georgia. Accessed January 15, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10724/33779.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Ramey, Andrew Mark. “Assessing the evidence for intercontinental redistribution of infectious agents by migratory birds.” 2016. Web. 15 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Ramey AM. Assessing the evidence for intercontinental redistribution of infectious agents by migratory birds. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Georgia; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 15]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10724/33779.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Ramey AM. Assessing the evidence for intercontinental redistribution of infectious agents by migratory birds. [Thesis]. University of Georgia; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10724/33779

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Oregon State University

30. Lupfer, Christopher. Targeted development of antivirals against influenza A and respiratory syncytial virus.

Degree: PhD, Genetics, 2009, Oregon State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/11948

► Influenza A and Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) are both enveloped, negative strand RNA viruses which infect the respiratory mucosa of animals and humans. Despite decades… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Antivirals; Influenza A virus

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Lupfer, C. (2009). Targeted development of antivirals against influenza A and respiratory syncytial virus. (Doctoral Dissertation). Oregon State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1957/11948

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Lupfer, Christopher. “Targeted development of antivirals against influenza A and respiratory syncytial virus.” 2009. Doctoral Dissertation, Oregon State University. Accessed January 15, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/11948.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Lupfer, Christopher. “Targeted development of antivirals against influenza A and respiratory syncytial virus.” 2009. Web. 15 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Lupfer C. Targeted development of antivirals against influenza A and respiratory syncytial virus. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Oregon State University; 2009. [cited 2021 Jan 15]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/11948.

Council of Science Editors:

Lupfer C. Targeted development of antivirals against influenza A and respiratory syncytial virus. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Oregon State University; 2009. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1957/11948

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