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University of Helsinki
1.
Hong, Juan.
Probing the chemical composition of atmospheric aerosols by observation of their physico-chemical properties.
Degree: Department of Physics, 2016, University of Helsinki
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10138/168501 
► Atmospheric aerosol particles affect the global climate as well as human health and air quality. To better understand the climate effect of these aerosols, detailed…
(more)
▼ Atmospheric aerosol particles affect the global climate as well as human health and air quality. To better understand the climate effect of these aerosols, detailed information on their number size distribution, particle phase chemical composition as well as on their other physicochemical properties in the atmosphere is needed. In this thesis, a Volatili-ty-Hygroscopicity Tandem Differential Mobility Analyzer (VH-TDMA) system was ap-plied in both field and laboratory environments to measure the physico-chemical proper-ties, i.e. hygroscopicity and volatility, of atmospheric particles directly. This helped us to get indirect information on the aerosol chemical composition and made it possible to in-vestigate the chemistry of some specific constituents (i.e. organosulfates).The hygroscopicity of boreal forest particles increased from the morning until afternoon. In case of accumulation and Aitken mode particles, this is probably connected with the diurnal variation of the ratio of sulfate to organic matter and the oxidation level of the or-ganic matter in the particle phase. For nucleation mode particles, it was found that the more sulfuric acid in the gas phase, the more hygroscopic these particles were. Using the kinetic evaporation model to interpret the evaporation of boreal forest aerosols measured by the VH-TDMA system, the model was found to be sensitive to the vaporiza-tion enthalpies of the organic compounds (ΔHVAP). To best approximate the measurement data, considerably low ΔHVAP values of around 80 kJ mol-1 were applied in the model. In addition, semi-volatile and low-volatile organic mass fractions were independently deter-mined by applying Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) to High-Resolution Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (HR-AMS) data. The agreement between the model- and PMF-derived re-sults was reasonable when ΔHVAP of 80 kJ mol-1 was used for all organic groups in the model. The thesis also showed that there was always hygroscopic material remaining in the particles at different heating temperatures, even at 280 °C, indicating that the non-volatile residual might consist of some highly-oxidized organic compounds. This thesis suggests that interactions between inorganic and organic compounds in the particle phase might alter the effective physico-chemical properties (e.g. hygroscopicity and volatility) of each compound from their intrinsic values in their pure form. These in-teractions between the organic and inorganic compounds, which were important for the studied mixtures, in both laboratory-generated and ambient aerosols, might be non-linear and species/system dependent.
Atmospheric aerosol particles affect the global climate as well as human health and air quality. To better understand the climate effect of these aerosols, detailed information on their number size distribution, particle phase chemical composition as well as on their other physicochemical properties in the atmosphere is needed. In this thesis, a Volatili-ty-Hygroscopicity Tandem Differential Mobility Analyzer (VH-TDMA) system was…
Subjects/Keywords: atmospheric sciences; atmospheric sciences
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APA (6th Edition):
Hong, J. (2016). Probing the chemical composition of atmospheric aerosols by observation of their physico-chemical properties. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Helsinki. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10138/168501
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Hong, Juan. “Probing the chemical composition of atmospheric aerosols by observation of their physico-chemical properties.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Helsinki. Accessed January 23, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10138/168501.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Hong, Juan. “Probing the chemical composition of atmospheric aerosols by observation of their physico-chemical properties.” 2016. Web. 23 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Hong J. Probing the chemical composition of atmospheric aerosols by observation of their physico-chemical properties. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Helsinki; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 23].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10138/168501.
Council of Science Editors:
Hong J. Probing the chemical composition of atmospheric aerosols by observation of their physico-chemical properties. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Helsinki; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10138/168501
Texas A&M University
2.
Fox, Amanda Katherine.
Vortex life cycles in two-and three-layer quasi-geostrophic models.
Degree: MS, atmospheric sciences, 2012, Texas A&M University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2000-THESIS-F577
► Coherent vortices and their properties were studied in two- and three-layer quasi-geostrophic beta-plane turbulence. Much research has discussed vortex characteristics in a number of applications,…
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▼ Coherent vortices and their properties were studied in two- and three-layer quasi-geostrophic beta-plane turbulence. Much research has discussed vortex characteristics in a number of applications, but no significant study of vortices in turbulent regimes with jets has occurred. This research attempted to first determine the typical lifetime of a vortex, with considerations of its birth, evolution, and cessation. A vortex census was also performed in an attempt to describe the life cycle of vortices in terms of characteristic properties. Parameters such as a vortex's amplitude, diameter, life span, elliptical area, and birth distance from the mean jet location were investigated in the two-layer model. Also, the vertical structure and alignment of vortices between layers was investigated using a three-layer, two-jet model. Studying vortex life cycles resulted in the formulation of a typical life cycle. Most vortices arose as the result of filament roll-up. Vortices then were found to possess one of three characteristic radial profiles, one of which was similar to generalizations made by McWilliams (1984) about the average radial profile. Performing a census on vortices formed during two-layer, one- and two-jet simulations provided statistical data on the life span, amplitude, and diameter of coherent vortices. Also, the percentage of vortices classified as cyclones and anti-cyclones were determined and suggested to be significantly different than the expected 50%/50% of cyclones and anti-cyclones for quasi-geostrophic turbulence. Sample sizes of greater than 140 and 160 vortices were investigated for the two-layer, two-jet and one-jet cases, respectively. Linear regression and multiple linear regression suggested no correlation between vortex amplitude or diameter with vortex life span. Considerations of the distance at which a vortex's birth occurred suggested no correlation with vortex life span. Multiple linear regression suggested the parameter most influential in the prediction of vortex life span was amplitude. The three-layer model investigated potential vorticity fields in all three layers, allowing research into the alignment of vortices between the layers. Results of a vortex census for this simulation suggested that a majority of vortices aligned between the top two layers. Vortices in the bottom-layer did not correlate with the behavior in the top two layers.
Subjects/Keywords: atmospheric sciences.; Major atmospheric sciences.
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APA (6th Edition):
Fox, A. K. (2012). Vortex life cycles in two-and three-layer quasi-geostrophic models. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2000-THESIS-F577
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Fox, Amanda Katherine. “Vortex life cycles in two-and three-layer quasi-geostrophic models.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 23, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2000-THESIS-F577.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Fox, Amanda Katherine. “Vortex life cycles in two-and three-layer quasi-geostrophic models.” 2012. Web. 23 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Fox AK. Vortex life cycles in two-and three-layer quasi-geostrophic models. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 23].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2000-THESIS-F577.
Council of Science Editors:
Fox AK. Vortex life cycles in two-and three-layer quasi-geostrophic models. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2000-THESIS-F577
Texas A&M University
3.
Nordeen, Michele Lynn.
An online climate database for Texas.
Degree: MS, atmospheric sciences, 2012, Texas A&M University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2000-THESIS-N67
► A climate database for the state of Texas has been created from daily observations made at 1336 stations throughout Texas. These stations consist of both…
(more)
▼ A climate database for the state of Texas has been created from daily observations made at 1336 stations throughout Texas. These stations consist of both fest-order stations and local cooperative weather stations. The climate database has daily, monthly-, and annual-mean values available. The climate database is accessible through a web interface, which allows the data to be displayed in tables, time-series plots, or contour plots. In addition to displaying data, the availability of data for a station may be plotted. This climate database should be useful for both researchers and the public. Users may access this climate database through its web address: http://climate.tamu.edu or through the Office of the State Climatologist's web page at http://www.met.tamu.edu/osc.
Subjects/Keywords: atmospheric sciences.; Major atmospheric sciences.
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APA (6th Edition):
Nordeen, M. L. (2012). An online climate database for Texas. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2000-THESIS-N67
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Nordeen, Michele Lynn. “An online climate database for Texas.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 23, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2000-THESIS-N67.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Nordeen, Michele Lynn. “An online climate database for Texas.” 2012. Web. 23 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Nordeen ML. An online climate database for Texas. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 23].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2000-THESIS-N67.
Council of Science Editors:
Nordeen ML. An online climate database for Texas. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2000-THESIS-N67
Texas A&M University
4.
Rogers, Christopher Matthias.
Transport of smoke from the Central American Fires of 1998.
Degree: MS, atmospheric sciences, 2012, Texas A&M University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2000-THESIS-R637
► During the spring of 1998, smoke produced by biomass burning in Central America was transported northward, where it eventually affected the United States. The Total…
(more)
▼ During the spring of 1998, smoke produced by biomass burning in Central America was transported northward, where it eventually affected the United States. The Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) aerosol index is used in this study to measure biomass-burning aerosols and analyze the event. Comparison between the TOMS aerosol product and air parcel trajectories computed from assimilated winds verifies that the trajectories adequately represent the smoke transport. Analysis of the TOMS data and the trajectories indicate that the source region of the smoke is influenced by two prevailing transport regimes: one northward and one westward. The transport alternates between the two flow patterns which is also evident in mean wind fields calculated for corresponding time periods. In order to determine whether the 1998 transport was unusual, a twenty-year transport climatology is computed using assimilated winds. Statistical analysis of the transport shows that May 1998 and the climatology contain similar patterns of northward and westward flow regimes in the area surrounding the smoke's source. The northward flow regime in 1998, however, was among the strongest of the twenty-year period analyzed. The vertical flux of air parcels was also unusual during May 1998 with convergence near 800 mb whereas, in the climatology, the vertical motion is usually upwards throughout the lower troposphere. In addition to unusually strong northward transport in 1998, the smoke production in the source region was large compared to the Nimbus 7 TOMS aerosol product climatology for 1979 to 1992.
Subjects/Keywords: atmospheric sciences.; Major atmospheric sciences.
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APA (6th Edition):
Rogers, C. M. (2012). Transport of smoke from the Central American Fires of 1998. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2000-THESIS-R637
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Rogers, Christopher Matthias. “Transport of smoke from the Central American Fires of 1998.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 23, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2000-THESIS-R637.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Rogers, Christopher Matthias. “Transport of smoke from the Central American Fires of 1998.” 2012. Web. 23 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Rogers CM. Transport of smoke from the Central American Fires of 1998. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 23].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2000-THESIS-R637.
Council of Science Editors:
Rogers CM. Transport of smoke from the Central American Fires of 1998. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2000-THESIS-R637
Texas A&M University
5.
Sonmez, Ibrahim.
Validation of the Texas Mesonet from the aspect of the site spacing density.
Degree: MS, atmospheric sciences, 2012, Texas A&M University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2000-THESIS-S663
► The nondeterministic character of the atmosphere is the main problem with observing and forecasting atmospheric phenomena accurately. Because of this problem, a large number of…
(more)
▼ The nondeterministic character of the atmosphere is the main problem with observing and forecasting atmospheric phenomena accurately. Because of this problem, a large number of observation sites with different types of sensors are used for observing the atmosphere. However, observation sites are irregularly spaced and mostly incapable of producing the spatial and temporal resolution desired for nowcasting and short-range forecasting. For this reason, various site selection techniques such as the statistical approach, the entropy approach, and the dynamical approach have been used for filling the gaps in the observation systems. In this study, a site spacing procedure is discussed for the Texas mesoscale monitoring network (Texas Mesonet). The spatial correlation functions for pressure, temperature, humidity and wind are determined to understand the characteristics of observations and atmospheric variability over the domain. The spatial correlations are examined by spectral analysis in order to define the scales that govern the parameter variations. Power spectra of the parameters are used to determine the error in estimating Fourier coefficients for varying wave numbers. Finally, the error variance in estimating the true field is estimated for each parameter as a function of site spacing. Significant decrements in error variance percentage were observed between the current site spacing (200 km) and the proposed site spacing (50 km) for Texas Mesonet. The decrements obtained were 58.6 % for pressure, 50.2% for temperature, 71.4% for humidity, 45.4% for u component of the wind and 57.7% for v component of the wind.
Subjects/Keywords: atmospheric sciences.; Major atmospheric sciences.
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APA (6th Edition):
Sonmez, I. (2012). Validation of the Texas Mesonet from the aspect of the site spacing density. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2000-THESIS-S663
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Sonmez, Ibrahim. “Validation of the Texas Mesonet from the aspect of the site spacing density.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 23, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2000-THESIS-S663.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Sonmez, Ibrahim. “Validation of the Texas Mesonet from the aspect of the site spacing density.” 2012. Web. 23 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Sonmez I. Validation of the Texas Mesonet from the aspect of the site spacing density. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 23].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2000-THESIS-S663.
Council of Science Editors:
Sonmez I. Validation of the Texas Mesonet from the aspect of the site spacing density. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2000-THESIS-S663
Texas A&M University
6.
Suh, Inseon.
Kinetic studies of isoprene reactions with hydroxyl and chlorine radicals.
Degree: MS, atmospheric sciences, 2012, Texas A&M University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2000-THESIS-S824
► Kinetic studies of the isoprene oxidation reactions initiated by the hydroxyl radical OH and the chlorine atom Cl have been investigated using a fast-flow reactor…
(more)
▼ Kinetic studies of the isoprene oxidation reactions initiated by the hydroxyl radical OH and the chlorine atom Cl have been investigated using a fast-flow reactor in conjunction with chemical ionization mass spectrometry (CIMS) and using laser photolysis/laser induced fluorescence (LP/LIF) detection. Both the CIMS and LP/LIF techniques were employed to investigate the reaction of isoprene with OH. The rate constants for the OH-isoprene reaction were measured in a pressure range of 70 to 112 Torr using the CIMS approach, with values of (9.7 [] 1.0) x 10⁻¹¹ to (10.5 [] 1.1) x 10⁻¹¹ cm³ molecule⁻¹ s⁻¹ at 298 [] 2 K. The LP/LIF method was used to measure the pressure dependent rate constants in a pressure range of 0.5 to 20 Torr. A low pressure limiting termolecular rate constant, k₀ = (6.98 [] 2.2) x 10⁻²⁶ cm⁶ molecules⁻² s⁻¹ and a high pressure limiting rate constant, k₁ = (1.04 [] 0.04) x 10⁻¹⁰ cm³ molecules⁻¹ s⁻¹ at 295 K were obtained by fitting the measured rate constants according to the Troe expression. The CIMS approach allowed monitoring of the OH-isoprene adducts directly. The observed bimolecular rate constant for the reaction between the OH-isoprene adduct and O₂ was determined to be (2.8 [] 0.7) x 10⁻¹⁵ cm³ molecule⁻¹ s⁻¹ at 75.5 Torr. In addition, the reaction of isoprene initiated by Cl atom has been studied, using the CIMS method. The reaction of isoprene with Cl proceeds via both the Cl addition to isoprene and hydrogen abstraction to form HCl. The pressure independent rate constant of (4.0 [] 0.3) x 10⁻¹⁰ cm³ molecule⁻¹ s⁻¹ for the Cl-isoprene reaction was obtained in a pressure range of 5 to 10 Torr. The branching ratio of (17.7 [] 3.2)% for the reaction of Cl with isoprene was derived by monitoring the formation of HCl in accordance with the consumed Cl concentrations. Furthermore, the overall rate constant for the reaction between the Cl-isoprene adduct and O₂ was determined as (1.0 [] 0.3) x 10⁻¹⁴ cm³ molecule⁻¹ s⁻¹, by modeling the reaction system in the experiments. Hence, in this work we have developed experimental techniques for the isoprene oxidation reactions with the OH radicals and Cl atoms, which should provide insight for understanding of the photochemical oxidation of isoprene in the atmosphere.
Subjects/Keywords: atmospheric sciences.; Major atmospheric sciences.
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APA (6th Edition):
Suh, I. (2012). Kinetic studies of isoprene reactions with hydroxyl and chlorine radicals. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2000-THESIS-S824
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Suh, Inseon. “Kinetic studies of isoprene reactions with hydroxyl and chlorine radicals.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 23, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2000-THESIS-S824.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Suh, Inseon. “Kinetic studies of isoprene reactions with hydroxyl and chlorine radicals.” 2012. Web. 23 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Suh I. Kinetic studies of isoprene reactions with hydroxyl and chlorine radicals. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 23].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2000-THESIS-S824.
Council of Science Editors:
Suh I. Kinetic studies of isoprene reactions with hydroxyl and chlorine radicals. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2000-THESIS-S824
Texas A&M University
7.
Wigginton, Scott Barrett.
Diagnosis of the Low-Level Jet using a sounding analysis scheme and the ETA model, a case study.
Degree: MS, atmospheric sciences, 2012, Texas A&M University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2000-THESIS-W34
► The LLJ transports moisture northward from the Gulf of Mexico into the Great Plains. Proper detection of the LLJ is important in aviation and forecasting.…
(more)
▼ The LLJ transports moisture northward from the Gulf of Mexico into the Great Plains. Proper detection of the LLJ is important in aviation and forecasting. Standard atmospheric charts are usually insufficient in properly depicting the structure and intensity of the LLJ. This limitation arises because the LLJ climbs in altitude as it flows northward. A sounding analysis scheme is presented as an alternative to currently existing LLJ detection methods. The intensity and aerial coverage of the LLJ were studied using this analysis scheme during a case study from May 1995. The data set used consisted of 80-km Eta model output. When compared to other methods, the developed analysis scheme showed more LLJ detail and structure. The LLJ appeared with multiple cores as opposed to one long and continuous core, as typically depicted at the 850-mb level. This fits in with current research that shows the existence of multiple LLJ cores caused by different factors, such as synoptic influences, orography, and a strong low-level pressure gradient. The method developed in this research is proposed as an alternate method for LLJ detection.
Subjects/Keywords: atmospheric sciences.; Major atmospheric sciences.
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APA (6th Edition):
Wigginton, S. B. (2012). Diagnosis of the Low-Level Jet using a sounding analysis scheme and the ETA model, a case study. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2000-THESIS-W34
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Wigginton, Scott Barrett. “Diagnosis of the Low-Level Jet using a sounding analysis scheme and the ETA model, a case study.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 23, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2000-THESIS-W34.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Wigginton, Scott Barrett. “Diagnosis of the Low-Level Jet using a sounding analysis scheme and the ETA model, a case study.” 2012. Web. 23 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Wigginton SB. Diagnosis of the Low-Level Jet using a sounding analysis scheme and the ETA model, a case study. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 23].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2000-THESIS-W34.
Council of Science Editors:
Wigginton SB. Diagnosis of the Low-Level Jet using a sounding analysis scheme and the ETA model, a case study. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2000-THESIS-W34
Texas A&M University
8.
Amrhein, Edward Thomas.
Validation of an improved computer algorithm for precipitation echo classification.
Degree: MS, atmospheric sciences, 2012, Texas A&M University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2001-THESIS-A52
► A validation of an improved radar reflectivity partitioning scheme was performed using radar data collected for three separate precipitation systems in Central Texas. The improved…
(more)
▼ A validation of an improved radar reflectivity partitioning scheme was performed using radar data collected for three separate precipitation systems in Central Texas. The improved algorithm was compared to a previously accepted method. Validation was performed using separate convective and stratiform mean vertical reflectivity profiles and mean vertical velocity profiles derived from dual-Doppler velocity data. The results were further validated through the use of convective and stratiform reflectivity and vertical velocity contour frequency by altitude diagrams (CFAD). As a final check, frequency distributions of reflectivity lapse rates in the mixed phase region were also examined. The results show that the new algorithm brings us a step closer in properly partitioning radar reflectivity data into its convective and stratiform parts. However, a few more modifications are needed in order to make it a more functional algorithm.
Subjects/Keywords: atmospheric sciences.; Major atmospheric sciences.
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APA (6th Edition):
Amrhein, E. T. (2012). Validation of an improved computer algorithm for precipitation echo classification. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2001-THESIS-A52
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Amrhein, Edward Thomas. “Validation of an improved computer algorithm for precipitation echo classification.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 23, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2001-THESIS-A52.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Amrhein, Edward Thomas. “Validation of an improved computer algorithm for precipitation echo classification.” 2012. Web. 23 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Amrhein ET. Validation of an improved computer algorithm for precipitation echo classification. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 23].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2001-THESIS-A52.
Council of Science Editors:
Amrhein ET. Validation of an improved computer algorithm for precipitation echo classification. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2001-THESIS-A52
Texas A&M University
9.
Bond, Donald William.
NO[x] production by lightning in the continental U.S. and its impacts on tropospheric chemistry.
Degree: MS, atmospheric sciences, 2012, Texas A&M University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2001-THESIS-B63
► Nitrogen oxides (NOx) play an important role in atmospheric chemistry. High tropospheric NOx concentrations increase ozone (O₃) levels via photochemical cycling of NO to NO₂,…
(more)
▼ Nitrogen oxides (NOx) play an important role in atmospheric chemistry. High tropospheric NOx concentrations increase ozone (O₃) levels via photochemical cycling of NO to NO₂, whereas low NOx concentrations result in the catalytic destruction of O₃. NO₂ also reacts with OH to control the atmospheric oxidation potential and to form HNO₃, a stable nitrogen source for the biosphere. Lightning is known to produce significant amounts of atmospheric NOx, but quantitative estimates vary considerably. In this study, satellite and ground-based lightning data were used to estimate lightning's contribution to the atmospheric NOx budget. The results suggest that lightning produces a significant portion of NOx in the southeastern U.S. during the summer months. The effects of NOx production by lightning on atmospheric chemistry were also investigated. The estimates of lightning-produced NOx were used in the NCAR three-dimensional chemical-transport model MOZART to simulate the impact on the tropospheric concentrations of NOx and O₃. The results suggest that lightning plays an important role in affecting the concentrations of NOx and other tropospheric oxidants such as O₃ in the upper troposphere.
Subjects/Keywords: atmospheric sciences.; Major atmospheric sciences.
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APA (6th Edition):
Bond, D. W. (2012). NO[x] production by lightning in the continental U.S. and its impacts on tropospheric chemistry. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2001-THESIS-B63
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Bond, Donald William. “NO[x] production by lightning in the continental U.S. and its impacts on tropospheric chemistry.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 23, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2001-THESIS-B63.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Bond, Donald William. “NO[x] production by lightning in the continental U.S. and its impacts on tropospheric chemistry.” 2012. Web. 23 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Bond DW. NO[x] production by lightning in the continental U.S. and its impacts on tropospheric chemistry. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 23].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2001-THESIS-B63.
Council of Science Editors:
Bond DW. NO[x] production by lightning in the continental U.S. and its impacts on tropospheric chemistry. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2001-THESIS-B63
Texas A&M University
10.
Huckaby, Daniel Dale.
Sequence of surface meteorological variables with the passage of winter cold fronts in the United States east of the Rocky Mountains.
Degree: MS, atmospheric sciences, 2012, Texas A&M University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2001-THESIS-H84
► According to the 80-year-old Norwegian cyclone model, fronts are pressure troughs, extensions of a mid-latitude cyclone. Thus, a cold frontal passage is evidenced at the…
(more)
▼ According to the 80-year-old Norwegian cyclone model, fronts are pressure troughs, extensions of a mid-latitude cyclone. Thus, a cold frontal passage is evidenced at the surface by a minimum in air pressure and a corresponding wind shift. In addition, decreases in both temperature and humidity also occur. This conceptual model assumes that these changes are nearly coincident in time; however, this is usually not the case. Strict adherence to the model is the basis for the highly subjective single line drawn on a synoptic chart to indicate a front. To evaluate the behavior of meteorological variables with cold frontal passage, data was collected for seven American cities east of the Rocky Mountains, including NMC/NCEP 3-hourly surface analyses and NCDC archived hourly surface observations during three consecutive winters (October 1-March 31). Surface analyses were used to estimate the time of frontal passage. Using these estimates as a guide, the hourly observations were employed to determine the specific hours at which each meteorological variable demonstrated a change that could be conclusively attributed to the frontal passage. The four meteorological variables scrutinized include temperature, moisture (dew point), wind (direction), and pressure. Significance of means tests were applied to assess the statistical significance of the differences between the timing of each pair of variables (temperature vs. wind, dew point vs. pressure, etc.). Statistically significant differences mathematically validate the sequence of the means and suggest the likely repeatability of the sequence. At all locations and for all subsets of fronts, the pressure rise and the wind shift consistently precede the decreases in temperature and dew point. The timing of the pressure rise, however, is nearly indistinguishable from the wind shift, and likewise, there is rarely any significant difference between the decrease in temperature and the decrease in dew point. While all the variables are essentially coincident in time for some fronts, there is a frequent disparity between the pressure rise/wind shift and the temperature/dew point decrease. The data thus suggest a double-boundary frontal zone, a surface pressure trough/wind shift line followed by a temperature/moisture boundary.
Subjects/Keywords: atmospheric sciences.; Major atmospheric sciences.
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APA (6th Edition):
Huckaby, D. D. (2012). Sequence of surface meteorological variables with the passage of winter cold fronts in the United States east of the Rocky Mountains. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2001-THESIS-H84
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Huckaby, Daniel Dale. “Sequence of surface meteorological variables with the passage of winter cold fronts in the United States east of the Rocky Mountains.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 23, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2001-THESIS-H84.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Huckaby, Daniel Dale. “Sequence of surface meteorological variables with the passage of winter cold fronts in the United States east of the Rocky Mountains.” 2012. Web. 23 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Huckaby DD. Sequence of surface meteorological variables with the passage of winter cold fronts in the United States east of the Rocky Mountains. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 23].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2001-THESIS-H84.
Council of Science Editors:
Huckaby DD. Sequence of surface meteorological variables with the passage of winter cold fronts in the United States east of the Rocky Mountains. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2001-THESIS-H84
Texas A&M University
11.
Jin, Kyoung-Wook.
Microwave radiative transfer in the mixed-phase regions of tropical rainfall.
Degree: MS, atmospheric sciences, 2012, Texas A&M University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2001-THESIS-J565
► Current physically-based Radiative Transfer Model (RTM) algorithms for estimating oceanic rain use a very simplified hydrometeor profile that ignores the mixed-phase regions (Wilheit et al.,…
(more)
▼ Current physically-based Radiative Transfer Model (RTM) algorithms for estimating oceanic rain use a very simplified hydrometeor profile that ignores the mixed-phase regions (Wilheit et al., 1977). However, to estimate hydrometeor profiles more reasonably in the tropical precipitation regions, understanding of the brightness temperature (Tb) variations in the mixed-phase regions is essential. Further, establishing physical assumptions for microwave radiative transfer in the mixed-phase regions is necessary for quantifying and minimizing the uncertainties in the rainfall retrieval. Consequently, the objective of this study was to quantify uncertainties and to achieve a solid basis for improvement of the current rainfall retrieval, which is based on an RTM. To accomplish this, we examined data taken by the Convair-580 aircraft during the KWAJEX (Kwajalein Experiment). In order to calculate radiative transfer, the AMMR (Airborne Multi-channel Microwave Radiometer) data were combined with radiosonde data and aircraft microphysics data. Analyses were performed for the stratiform and convective rainfall regions respectively. In stratiform precipitation with a bright band, the main concern was to examine the needed physical assumptions for describing the abrupt change of Tb just below the freezing level. In the case of convective precipitation, the focus was to investigate the effective additional rain layer thickness corresponding to the super-cooled water layer above the freezing level. From the results, it was required to assume the bright-band (around 1/2 km below the FL) as having 2 times the absorption as the rain below to explain the Tb variation due to the phase change of hydrometeors. On the other hand, in the case of convective rainfall, it was suggested that approximately from 1/4km to 3km of super-cooled layer thickness should be considered to describe the additional hydrometeor layer due to the strong updrafts in the convective regions.
Subjects/Keywords: atmospheric sciences.; Major atmospheric sciences.
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APA (6th Edition):
Jin, K. (2012). Microwave radiative transfer in the mixed-phase regions of tropical rainfall. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2001-THESIS-J565
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Jin, Kyoung-Wook. “Microwave radiative transfer in the mixed-phase regions of tropical rainfall.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 23, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2001-THESIS-J565.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Jin, Kyoung-Wook. “Microwave radiative transfer in the mixed-phase regions of tropical rainfall.” 2012. Web. 23 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Jin K. Microwave radiative transfer in the mixed-phase regions of tropical rainfall. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 23].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2001-THESIS-J565.
Council of Science Editors:
Jin K. Microwave radiative transfer in the mixed-phase regions of tropical rainfall. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2001-THESIS-J565
Texas A&M University
12.
Lee, Dong Heon.
Impact of assumption of log-normal distribution on monthly rainfall estimation from TMI.
Degree: MS, atmospheric sciences, 2012, Texas A&M University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2001-THESIS-L431
► The log-normal assumption for the distribution of the rain rates used for the estimation of monthly rain totals proposed in Wilheit et al 1991 was…
(more)
▼ The log-normal assumption for the distribution of the rain rates used for the estimation of monthly rain totals proposed in Wilheit et al 1991 was examined. Since the log-normal assumption was originally used for the SSM/I, it is now necessary to re-evaluate the assumption for estimates from TMI, which, unlike the SSM/I, has a 10 GHz channel. The minimum chi-square estimation technique was used for the log-normal method. To check the credibility of the estimation routines, log-normally distributed synthetic data were used. Using real data from the TMI, Gaussian smoothing on the rain rates was performed to get all three channels, 10, 19 and 37 GHz, to have a common resolution so that the rain histograms could be merged into a single histogram. The log-normal estimate averaged about 5% more rainfall than the direct sum method, but this could be the result of errors in the log-normal assumption. Random error involved in TMI measurement was estimated. The result showed that the log-normal assumption contributed more random error than it removed, especially when the number of rain samples was small.
Subjects/Keywords: atmospheric sciences.; Major atmospheric sciences.
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APA (6th Edition):
Lee, D. H. (2012). Impact of assumption of log-normal distribution on monthly rainfall estimation from TMI. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2001-THESIS-L431
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Lee, Dong Heon. “Impact of assumption of log-normal distribution on monthly rainfall estimation from TMI.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 23, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2001-THESIS-L431.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Lee, Dong Heon. “Impact of assumption of log-normal distribution on monthly rainfall estimation from TMI.” 2012. Web. 23 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Lee DH. Impact of assumption of log-normal distribution on monthly rainfall estimation from TMI. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 23].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2001-THESIS-L431.
Council of Science Editors:
Lee DH. Impact of assumption of log-normal distribution on monthly rainfall estimation from TMI. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2001-THESIS-L431
Texas A&M University
13.
Moncla, Kerry Louis.
Dual-Doppler analysis of the 17 June 1997 bow echo over southeast Texas.
Degree: MS, atmospheric sciences, 2012, Texas A&M University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2001-THESIS-M652
► Eight volumes of radar data were used for the dual-Doppler analysis of a bow echo that occurred over southeast Texas on 17 June 1997 during…
(more)
▼ Eight volumes of radar data were used for the dual-Doppler analysis of a bow echo that occurred over southeast Texas on 17 June 1997 during the Texas A&M University Convection and Lightning experiment (TEXACAL). The bow echo formed along a stationary cold front and progressed quickly eastward through the dual-Doppler network. The storm system portrayed many features similar to conceptual models of bow echoes, such as a strong rear inflow jet which forms early and strengthens and extends rearward throughout the lifecycle of the bow echo. Distinct cyclonic and anticyclonic mesoscale vortices form along the northern and southern portions of the bow echo, respectively, in association with the strengthening rear inflow jet. One feature not shown in conceptual models of bow echoes however is a distinct, smaller-scale, cyclonic vortex present along the northern front edge of the bow echo. This vortex seems to have formed from the tilting and subsequent stretching of vorticity generated along an outflow boundary, associated with previous convection, which is intersecting the northern portion of the bow echo. This vortex is present before the mesoscale vortices become noticeable and seems to be driving the nearby flow field, particularly the rear inflow jet, associated with the bow echo. The fact that this vortex tends to be the reason for the bowing of this particular storm system and dominates its overall evolution highlights the importance of boundaries on bow echoes. This feature has yet to be reproduced by numerical models because of the homogeneous environment assumption which eliminates any kind of boundary in the environment around the bow echo. To Gary, Linda, Janice and Amber Moncla and Gail Brady ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Many thanks to my committee members in particular my committee chair and academic advisor Michael Biggerstaff whose financial support and scientific guidance helped make this research possible. I am also grateful for the many helpful discussions and comments from Josh Santarpia and Dan Jamieson. Much appreciation is given to the rest of the Mesoscale Research Group at Texas A&M University in particular Gordon Carrie for his help with data processing. I would also like to thank my girlfriend Gail Brady for her emotional and financial support as well. This research was supported by the National Aeronautical and Space Administration under grants NAG5-4776 and NAG5-9697.
Subjects/Keywords: atmospheric sciences; Major atmospheric sciences
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APA (6th Edition):
Moncla, K. L. (2012). Dual-Doppler analysis of the 17 June 1997 bow echo over southeast Texas. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2001-THESIS-M652
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Moncla, Kerry Louis. “Dual-Doppler analysis of the 17 June 1997 bow echo over southeast Texas.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 23, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2001-THESIS-M652.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Moncla, Kerry Louis. “Dual-Doppler analysis of the 17 June 1997 bow echo over southeast Texas.” 2012. Web. 23 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Moncla KL. Dual-Doppler analysis of the 17 June 1997 bow echo over southeast Texas. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 23].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2001-THESIS-M652.
Council of Science Editors:
Moncla KL. Dual-Doppler analysis of the 17 June 1997 bow echo over southeast Texas. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2001-THESIS-M652
Texas A&M University
14.
Overpeck, Scott Allen.
A numerical simulation of slantwise convection: its structure and evolution.
Degree: MS, atmospheric sciences, 2012, Texas A&M University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2001-THESIS-O85
► Weather forecasters have had difficulty forecasting mesoscale precipitation bands occurring in the regions of frontal zones. Within the last twenty years, slantwise convection (SC) through…
(more)
▼ Weather forecasters have had difficulty forecasting mesoscale precipitation bands occurring in the regions of frontal zones. Within the last twenty years, slantwise convection (SC) through the release of conditional symmetric instability (CSI) has gained more acceptance as the cause of the rainbands under certain conditions. Bennetts and Hoskins (1979) predict that under saturated conditions, CSI would be released, forming slantwise roll circulations with sloping updrafts and downdrafts (slantwise convection), and could be a possible explanation for frontal rainbands. This study uses the Penn State/NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5) as a diagnostic tool to simulate a slantwise convective case from the Genesis of Atlantic Lows Experiment (GALE, Dirks et al. 1988) intensive observing period 1 (IOP1, 18 January 1986 to 20 January 1986). The model results show that SC formed in an 'upscale' development as suggested by Xu (1986) with SC dominating over upright convection. The results showed that in SC's development stage, the beginning of a roll circulation with a slanted updraft and a broad downdraft with a rear inflow jet. SC in its mature stage exhibits a well developed roll circulation, a 3-dimensional structure with along-line variability, stages of re-development suggesting a quasi-steady state, and the non-conservation of negative equivalent potential vorticity (-EPV). Eventually, SC decays as it can no longer generate CSI for release. The SC compared well with other SC bands in the event and showed similar structure as observed in radar data.
Subjects/Keywords: atmospheric sciences.; Major atmospheric sciences.
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APA (6th Edition):
Overpeck, S. A. (2012). A numerical simulation of slantwise convection: its structure and evolution. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2001-THESIS-O85
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Overpeck, Scott Allen. “A numerical simulation of slantwise convection: its structure and evolution.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 23, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2001-THESIS-O85.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Overpeck, Scott Allen. “A numerical simulation of slantwise convection: its structure and evolution.” 2012. Web. 23 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Overpeck SA. A numerical simulation of slantwise convection: its structure and evolution. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 23].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2001-THESIS-O85.
Council of Science Editors:
Overpeck SA. A numerical simulation of slantwise convection: its structure and evolution. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2001-THESIS-O85
Texas A&M University
15.
Peyraud, Lionel.
Radiation fog forecasting using a 1-dimensional model.
Degree: MS, atmospheric sciences, 2012, Texas A&M University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2001-THESIS-P48
► The importance of fog forecasting to the aviation community, to road transportation and to the public at large is irrefutable. The deadliest aviation accident in…
(more)
▼ The importance of fog forecasting to the aviation community, to road transportation and to the public at large is irrefutable. The deadliest aviation accident in history was in fact partly a result of fog back on 27 March 1977. This has, along with numerous less dramatic examples, helped focus many meteorological efforts into trying to forecast this phenomenon as accurately as possible. Until recently, methods of fog forecasting have relied primarily on the forecaster's ability to recognize surface weather patterns known to be favorable for producing fog and once it has formed, to state that it will persist unless the pattern changes. Unfortunately, while such methods have shown some success, many times they have led weather forecasters astray with regards to the onset and dissipation of the phenomenon. Fortunately, now with computers becoming ever-increasingly powerful, numerical models have been utilized to attempt to more accurately deal with the fog forecasting problem. This study uses a 1 dimensional model called COBEL to simulate several past fog cases in the hopes of mimicking its actual occurrence and determining what weather parameters the fog is most sensitive to. The goal is to create a technique where the weather forecaster will be able to run several fog forecasts with the model each time with different initial conditions representing the uncertain weather conditions. In this way, the forecaster will be able to use his expertise to choose the most likely scenario. Results indicate that COBEL is able to simulate the fog cases quite well. Issues remain with the model's handling of the gravitational settling rate, the fact that it currently does not include any vegetation, and its coupling process with the soil model. Nevertheless, simulations and sensitivity tests indicate that soil temperature, soil moisture, low-level winds, initial relative humidity, dew deposition and surface emissivity are the weather parameters that affect fog the most. These parameters will be prime candidates for the 1 dimensional ensemble (ODEP) technique described above.
Subjects/Keywords: atmospheric sciences.; Major atmospheric sciences.
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APA (6th Edition):
Peyraud, L. (2012). Radiation fog forecasting using a 1-dimensional model. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2001-THESIS-P48
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Peyraud, Lionel. “Radiation fog forecasting using a 1-dimensional model.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 23, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2001-THESIS-P48.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Peyraud, Lionel. “Radiation fog forecasting using a 1-dimensional model.” 2012. Web. 23 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Peyraud L. Radiation fog forecasting using a 1-dimensional model. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 23].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2001-THESIS-P48.
Council of Science Editors:
Peyraud L. Radiation fog forecasting using a 1-dimensional model. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2001-THESIS-P48
Texas A&M University
16.
Phillips, Stephen Edward.
Climatological lightning characteristics of the Southern Rocky and Appalachian Mountain chains, a comparison of two distinct mountain effects.
Degree: MS, atmospheric sciences, 2012, Texas A&M University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2001-THESIS-P52
► This study presents a high-resolution lightning climatology for southern portions of both the Rocky Mountains and the Appalachian Mountains. Data from the National Lightning Detection…
(more)
▼ This study presents a high-resolution lightning climatology for southern portions of both the Rocky Mountains and the Appalachian Mountains. Data from the National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN) are analyzed to produce maps of average annual lightning flash density, positive flash density, percent positive flashes, median peak current, and multiplicity. Three-hourly increments are used to demonstrate the annual average diurnal evolution of flash density. Data are also divided into seasonal averages for the same three-hourly increments to describe the daily evolution of flash density for each of the four seasons: December-January-February, March-April-May, June-July-August, and September-October-November. The flash density analyses reveal opposite mountain-valley effects. In the Rocky Mountains, flash density enhancements occur over and near mountains and flash density minima occur in the valleys. In the Appalachians, the enhancements occur in the valleys, while minimums are noted over the mountains. The eastern edge of the Appalachian lightning suppression is determined to be a result of faster propagation of mountain-initiated convection. Weaker mountain breezes in the Appalachians are theorized to be the catalysts for this. The western edge of the suppression is the cumulative effect of consistent flash density gradients at the Appalachian's western slopes. A theory is presented which links this gradient to observations of high median peak currents. Statistical tests on flash density means show that the Appalachian suppression is significant. Multiple regressions predict lightning flash density from terrain characteristics. Vertical wind and thermodynamic profiles, horizontal temperature differences at summit levels, and average annual precipitation complete the study. From these data, a conceptual model is presented to describe the nature of the lightning evolution in each region, and explain the processes that lead to the end state. This study concludes that the differences between the patterns of lightning characteristics in the Southern Rockies and the Southern Appalachians are the cumulative effects of subtle differences in the diurnal evolution patterns. Furthermore, the Appalachian lightning suppression is a product of lightning propagation and storm evolution, rather than a suppression of convective initiation.
Subjects/Keywords: atmospheric sciences.; Major atmospheric sciences.
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APA (6th Edition):
Phillips, S. E. (2012). Climatological lightning characteristics of the Southern Rocky and Appalachian Mountain chains, a comparison of two distinct mountain effects. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2001-THESIS-P52
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Phillips, Stephen Edward. “Climatological lightning characteristics of the Southern Rocky and Appalachian Mountain chains, a comparison of two distinct mountain effects.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 23, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2001-THESIS-P52.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Phillips, Stephen Edward. “Climatological lightning characteristics of the Southern Rocky and Appalachian Mountain chains, a comparison of two distinct mountain effects.” 2012. Web. 23 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Phillips SE. Climatological lightning characteristics of the Southern Rocky and Appalachian Mountain chains, a comparison of two distinct mountain effects. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 23].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2001-THESIS-P52.
Council of Science Editors:
Phillips SE. Climatological lightning characteristics of the Southern Rocky and Appalachian Mountain chains, a comparison of two distinct mountain effects. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2001-THESIS-P52
Texas A&M University
17.
Santarpia, Joshua.
The kinematic and cloud-to-ground lightning structure of the 9-10, June 1998 Red River Mesoscale Convective System.
Degree: MS, atmospheric sciences, 2012, Texas A&M University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2001-THESIS-S265
► An investigation of the kinematic and electrical properties of the 9-10 June, 1998 Red River Mesoscale Convective System (MCS), as observed by the NOAA P3…
(more)
▼ An investigation of the kinematic and electrical properties of the 9-10 June, 1998 Red River Mesoscale Convective System (MCS), as observed by the NOAA P3 Tail Radar and the National Lightning Detection Network, is presented. This system exhibits both bow echo and supercell-like features. Wind and vorticity retrievals show distinct kinematic features which agree well with current conceptual models for both systems. During the course of the observations the two features which begin as distinct systems merge. During this merger the strength of both the low and mid-level mesocyclone, and the northern cyclonic bookend vortex are enhanced, while the anticyclonic vorticity of the bookend on the southwest end of the bow is greatly reduced. The Cloud-to-Ground (CG) lightning associated with the supercell updraft is also studied. Recent hypothesis suggest that strong updrafts, such as the ones observed in this system may elevate the lower main charge center so that CG lightning is reduced. Observations of updraft speed and lightning frequency indicate that as updraft speed increases the overall frequency of lightning strikes is decreased. This agrees with the hypothesis and other similar observations. A decrease in the percentage of positive lightning flashes with increasing vertical velocity is also observed. Given the dominance of positive lightning in this storm and other microphysical considerations, this suggests a process which may be responsible for the enhancement of positive flash frequency in this storm.
Subjects/Keywords: atmospheric sciences.; Major atmospheric sciences.
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Santarpia, J. (2012). The kinematic and cloud-to-ground lightning structure of the 9-10, June 1998 Red River Mesoscale Convective System. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2001-THESIS-S265
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Santarpia, Joshua. “The kinematic and cloud-to-ground lightning structure of the 9-10, June 1998 Red River Mesoscale Convective System.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 23, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2001-THESIS-S265.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Santarpia, Joshua. “The kinematic and cloud-to-ground lightning structure of the 9-10, June 1998 Red River Mesoscale Convective System.” 2012. Web. 23 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Santarpia J. The kinematic and cloud-to-ground lightning structure of the 9-10, June 1998 Red River Mesoscale Convective System. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 23].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2001-THESIS-S265.
Council of Science Editors:
Santarpia J. The kinematic and cloud-to-ground lightning structure of the 9-10, June 1998 Red River Mesoscale Convective System. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2001-THESIS-S265
Texas A&M University
18.
Scott, Richard Kevin.
The south central Texas heavy rain event of October 1998: an MM5 simulation and diagnosis of convective initiation.
Degree: MS, atmospheric sciences, 2012, Texas A&M University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2001-THESIS-S364
► During the weekend of 17-18 October 1998, extremely heavy rainfall over south central Texas resulted in widespread flash flooding and numerous river floods. Southern Hays…
(more)
▼ During the weekend of 17-18 October 1998, extremely heavy rainfall over south central Texas resulted in widespread flash flooding and numerous river floods. Southern Hays County received 760 mm of rainfall, and an area of 18,000 km² recorded over 250 mm. The convection began in a weakly forced environment well ahead of a cold front that was forecast to trigger the storms. The Penn State University/NCAR Mesoscale Model version 5 (MM5) was used to diagnose the extent and magnitude of upward motion, the convective potential of the environment, and the causes of the upward motion that contributed to the convective initiation. A rainfall analysis constructed from all available observations and radar estimates was used for a quantitative comparision with the MM5-simulated rainfall. The MM5's success in simulating many aspects of the rainfall suggested that the atmospheric processes that brought about this heavy rain event were also present in the model simulation. Using a 48-km model grid, upward motion was found to be more than sufficient to cause deep convection in the conditionally unstable atmosphere of south Texas. The cause of the upward motion was attributed to differential warm advection focused by a low-level jet centered over the region where convection began.
Subjects/Keywords: atmospheric sciences.; Major atmospheric sciences.
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APA (6th Edition):
Scott, R. K. (2012). The south central Texas heavy rain event of October 1998: an MM5 simulation and diagnosis of convective initiation. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2001-THESIS-S364
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Scott, Richard Kevin. “The south central Texas heavy rain event of October 1998: an MM5 simulation and diagnosis of convective initiation.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 23, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2001-THESIS-S364.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Scott, Richard Kevin. “The south central Texas heavy rain event of October 1998: an MM5 simulation and diagnosis of convective initiation.” 2012. Web. 23 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Scott RK. The south central Texas heavy rain event of October 1998: an MM5 simulation and diagnosis of convective initiation. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 23].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2001-THESIS-S364.
Council of Science Editors:
Scott RK. The south central Texas heavy rain event of October 1998: an MM5 simulation and diagnosis of convective initiation. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2001-THESIS-S364
Texas A&M University
19.
Steiger, Scott Michael.
Cloud-to-ground lightning characteristics over Houston, Texas.
Degree: MS, atmospheric sciences, 2012, Texas A&M University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2001-THESIS-S73
► The U. S. National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN) has recorded cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning observations regularly for more than a decade (1989-2000). The main research focus…
(more)
▼ The U. S. National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN) has recorded cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning observations regularly for more than a decade (1989-2000). The main research focus using the recorded NLDN data has been the creation of lightning climatologies (e.g. Orville and Huffines 1999). These climatologies have revealed important results that indicated certain patterns of lightning behavior across the U. S. One of the most significant findings from such work has been the observance of lightning "hot spots" over and near cities (Westcott 1995). Houston, TX is one such "hot spot," with significant enhancement (45%, all 12 years) of lightning activity observed over and downwind of the urban area. Enhancement varied based on season and time of day, with the greatest enhancements occurring during the summer (58%) and the late morning/afternoon time periods in each season. Two other interesting features discovered during this study included a decrease (-12%) in the percentage of flashes lowering positive charge to ground over the city, and significantly larger values of negative median peak current measured along the coast and well into the Gulf of Mexico. One hypothesis proposed for explaining the Houston enhancement includes the complex sea breeze and associated low-level convergence that result because of the proximity of Galveston Bay to the southeast of Houston. Also, there are a multitude of factors associated with a large city such as Houston that can modify the local climate. Some of these urban factors include: increased cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations, especially from industrial pollution, the urban heat island, and frictional lift. It has been proposed by Rosenfeld and Lensky (1998) that the large quantity of CCN in polluted areas can enhance a storm's electrical state because they act to decrease the coalescence and rainout cloud processes, therefore allowing more supercooled liquid water to exist within the storm. The urban heat island can enhance thunderstorm initiation through increasing the low-level mesoscale convergence and upward motion directly over the city. The observations showed support for each one of these aspects to be a factor in enhanced lightning activity over Houston.
Subjects/Keywords: atmospheric sciences.; Major atmospheric sciences.
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APA (6th Edition):
Steiger, S. M. (2012). Cloud-to-ground lightning characteristics over Houston, Texas. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2001-THESIS-S73
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Steiger, Scott Michael. “Cloud-to-ground lightning characteristics over Houston, Texas.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 23, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2001-THESIS-S73.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Steiger, Scott Michael. “Cloud-to-ground lightning characteristics over Houston, Texas.” 2012. Web. 23 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Steiger SM. Cloud-to-ground lightning characteristics over Houston, Texas. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 23].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2001-THESIS-S73.
Council of Science Editors:
Steiger SM. Cloud-to-ground lightning characteristics over Houston, Texas. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2001-THESIS-S73
Texas A&M University
20.
Thomas-Stahle, Jody Lynn.
Remote sensing of marine atmospheric parameters using the TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI).
Degree: MS, atmospheric sciences, 2012, Texas A&M University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2001-THESIS-T432
► The objective of this research is to improve the retrieval algorithms for precipitable water (PW) and sea surface temperature (SST) for the Advanced Microwave Sounding…
(more)
▼ The objective of this research is to improve the retrieval algorithms for precipitable water (PW) and sea surface temperature (SST) for the Advanced Microwave Sounding Radiometer (AMSR) which is due to be launched in December 2001 aboard the Aqua platform. The algorithms, which are based on a modified "D-matrix" method, are tested with data from the TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI). The effects of the Rosenkranz (1993) and the Waters (1976) water vapor absorption procedures on the PW retrievals are evaluated. This will determine if a slope adjustment is needed for the PW retrieval algorithms. It is demonstrated that modifying the pressure broadening parameter in both water vapor absorption procedures is a valid alternative to the slope adjustment approach. The nonlinear relationship between sea surface emissivity and SST is incorporated into the SST retrieval algorithm. There is a slight improvement in the retrieved SSTs, which is shown when comparing the retrievals from the new algorithm with those from the old algorithm.
Subjects/Keywords: atmospheric sciences.; Major atmospheric sciences.
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APA (6th Edition):
Thomas-Stahle, J. L. (2012). Remote sensing of marine atmospheric parameters using the TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI). (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2001-THESIS-T432
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Thomas-Stahle, Jody Lynn. “Remote sensing of marine atmospheric parameters using the TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI).” 2012. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 23, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2001-THESIS-T432.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Thomas-Stahle, Jody Lynn. “Remote sensing of marine atmospheric parameters using the TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI).” 2012. Web. 23 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Thomas-Stahle JL. Remote sensing of marine atmospheric parameters using the TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI). [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 23].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2001-THESIS-T432.
Council of Science Editors:
Thomas-Stahle JL. Remote sensing of marine atmospheric parameters using the TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI). [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2001-THESIS-T432
Texas A&M University
21.
Zhang, Dan.
Experimental and theoretical studies of OH-initiated reactions of isoprene.
Degree: MS, atmospheric sciences, 2012, Texas A&M University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2001-THESIS-Z453
► Photochemical oxidation of isoprene plays a significant role in tropospheric ozone production. The OH-initiated reactions of isoprene are the dominant daytime removal pathway for isoprene.…
(more)
▼ Photochemical oxidation of isoprene plays a significant role in tropospheric ozone production. The OH-initiated reactions of isoprene are the dominant daytime removal pathway for isoprene. The OH-isoprene reactions proceed through multiple steps and pathways. In each step of the chain reaction, organic radical intermediates are produced and they further propagate or terminate the oxidation process. Currently, there is very little understanding of the chemistry of these organic radicals. This study investigates the OH-initiated reactions of isoprene using combined experimental and theoretical approaches, focusing on the chemistry of the organic intermediate radicals. Kinetic studies of the OH-isoprene-O₂-NO reaction system were performed using a fast-flow reactor coupled to chemical ionization mass spectrometry (CIMS) detection. Intermediate species such as OH-isoprene adduct and hydroxy-isoprene peroxy radical were detected directly with the CIMS method. Bimolecular reaction rate constants were determined by monitoring the intermediate species. The measured rate constants are: (1.0 ± 0.1) x 10⁻¹⁰ for the addition of OH to isoprene, (7 ± 3) x 10⁻¹³ for the reaction of O₂ with the OH-isoprene adduct, and (9 ± 3) x 10⁻¹² cm³ molecule⁻¹ s⁻¹ for the reaction of the hydroxy-isoprene peroxy radical with NO. In addition, quantum-chemical studies using density functional theory (DFT) and ab initio methods were conducted to investigate the hydroxy-isoprene peroxynitrite intermediate. Structures and energetics were obtained for the six peroxynitrite isomers. Geometry optimizations of the peroxynitrite isomers were performed at B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) level of theory. Single-point energies were calculated using MP2 and CCSD(T) methods with various basis sets. This work provides further understanding on the tropospheric photochemical oxidation mechanism of isoprene and their impacts in regional and global air quality.
Subjects/Keywords: atmospheric sciences.; Major atmospheric sciences.
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APA (6th Edition):
Zhang, D. (2012). Experimental and theoretical studies of OH-initiated reactions of isoprene. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2001-THESIS-Z453
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Zhang, Dan. “Experimental and theoretical studies of OH-initiated reactions of isoprene.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 23, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2001-THESIS-Z453.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Zhang, Dan. “Experimental and theoretical studies of OH-initiated reactions of isoprene.” 2012. Web. 23 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Zhang D. Experimental and theoretical studies of OH-initiated reactions of isoprene. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 23].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2001-THESIS-Z453.
Council of Science Editors:
Zhang D. Experimental and theoretical studies of OH-initiated reactions of isoprene. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2001-THESIS-Z453
Texas A&M University
22.
Ely, Brandon Lee.
Investigation into the high percentage of positive CG lightning along the west coast of the United States.
Degree: MS, atmospheric sciences, 2012, Texas A&M University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2002-THESIS-E47
► For more than a decade, the U.S. National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN) has been recording cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning across the contiguous United States. In recent…
(more)
▼ For more than a decade, the U.S. National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN) has been recording cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning across the contiguous United States. In recent years, the focus of NLDN data analysis has been in the area of lightning climatology (e.g. Orville and Silver 1997). These climatological studies have revealed significant lightning patterns across the United States. One feature that has been observed for many years is a high annual percentage of positive polarity CG lightning along the west coast of the United States. Along the west coast, annual percent positive values average around 40 to 50%, while the average value of the U.S. is only around 10%. Full analyses of the annual CG lightning characteristics were conducted to document the percent positive anomaly. In addition, seasonal and thunderstorm analyses were performed to determine the reasons behind the annual percent positive anomaly. Through the seasonal and monthly storm analysis, it was determined that the high annual percent positive along the coast was due to the low variability in total CG flashes throughout the year and a high number of positive CG flashes during the winter season. These CG lightning characteristics can be directly attributed to the climate of the Pacific Coast. The land elevation was determined to affect the CG lightning characteristics in the region by restricting the inward extent of the coastal climate. The secondary goal of the study was to determine how certain meteorological variables affect the dominant CG lightning polarity in a storm. The three environmental variables investigated included: 1) the tilting of the charge regions by strong windshear, 2) the variation of the charge region heights and their dependence on specific temperatures, and 3) the strength of the convective updraft in the thunderstorms. Analysis showed that the electrically weakest thunderstorms produced the majority of positive CG lightning flashes. These storms are assumed to correspond to convectively weak storms. Statistical analysis showed that the height of the -10⁰C temperature level affects the dominant CG polarity in a storm, while the windshear did not significantly contribute.
Subjects/Keywords: atmospheric sciences.; Major atmospheric sciences.
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APA (6th Edition):
Ely, B. L. (2012). Investigation into the high percentage of positive CG lightning along the west coast of the United States. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2002-THESIS-E47
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Ely, Brandon Lee. “Investigation into the high percentage of positive CG lightning along the west coast of the United States.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 23, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2002-THESIS-E47.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Ely, Brandon Lee. “Investigation into the high percentage of positive CG lightning along the west coast of the United States.” 2012. Web. 23 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Ely BL. Investigation into the high percentage of positive CG lightning along the west coast of the United States. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 23].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2002-THESIS-E47.
Council of Science Editors:
Ely BL. Investigation into the high percentage of positive CG lightning along the west coast of the United States. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2002-THESIS-E47
Texas A&M University
23.
Gasparini, Roberto.
An investigation of aerosol physical properties in Houston, Texas.
Degree: MS, atmospheric sciences, 2012, Texas A&M University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2002-THESIS-G38
► From June through October 2001, three Tandem Differential Mobility Analyzer (TDMA) systems were operated around Houston, Texas, to obtain a large, high-quality dataset in order…
(more)
▼ From June through October 2001, three Tandem Differential Mobility Analyzer (TDMA) systems were operated around Houston, Texas, to obtain a large, high-quality dataset in order to explore characteristics of aerosol size distributions and hygroscopicity in an urban environment. Mean aerosol size distributions from each of the monitoring sites portray the differences observed among a site upwind of the major direct aerosol sources, a site near many major aerosol sources, and a site downwind much of Houston. Diurnal cycles were observed with afternoon peaks in aerosol number concentrations along with additional peaks corresponding to morning and afternoon automobile traffic. Two case studies of abnormally high number concentration events are described, one in which a change in the local weather pattern contributed to the increase in concentrations observed and one in which it appears that high amounts of condensable gas phase species led to intense particle nucleation and subsequent growth. The hygroscopicity data show a clear size-dependence, as particles with D[] < 100 nm are mostly non-hygroscopic while those with D[] > 100 nm exhibit bimodal growth patterns. Furthermore, as size increases, the more-hygroscopic mode becomes more dominant than the less-hygroscopic mode.
Subjects/Keywords: atmospheric sciences.; Major atmospheric sciences.
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Gasparini, R. (2012). An investigation of aerosol physical properties in Houston, Texas. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2002-THESIS-G38
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Gasparini, Roberto. “An investigation of aerosol physical properties in Houston, Texas.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 23, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2002-THESIS-G38.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Gasparini, Roberto. “An investigation of aerosol physical properties in Houston, Texas.” 2012. Web. 23 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Gasparini R. An investigation of aerosol physical properties in Houston, Texas. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 23].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2002-THESIS-G38.
Council of Science Editors:
Gasparini R. An investigation of aerosol physical properties in Houston, Texas. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2002-THESIS-G38
Texas A&M University
24.
Ham, Joy L.
Mesoscale predictability and background error convariance estimation through ensemble forecasting.
Degree: MS, atmospheric sciences, 2012, Texas A&M University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2002-THESIS-H33
► Over the past decade, ensemble forecasting has emerged as a powerful tool for numerical weather prediction. Not only does it produce the best estimate of…
(more)
▼ Over the past decade, ensemble forecasting has emerged as a powerful tool for numerical weather prediction. Not only does it produce the best estimate of the state of the atmosphere, it also could quantify the uncertainties associated with the best estimate and the predictability of an event. This additional information could be used to provide a more accurate estimate of the background error covariance matrix for use in data assimilation. This preliminary study explores the use of ensemble forecasts to gain information on predictability and the background error covariance matrix using data from the 24-25 January 2000 snowstorm that occurred along the East Coast of the United States. Adding randomly distributed uncorrelated initial perturbations to this data produced four sets of ensemble forecasts. The error growth characteristics estimated from these ensemble forecasts were found to be quantitatively similar to previous estimates that were achieved by perturbing the individual observations or by adding monochromatic wave disturbances. Analyses show that the isotropic random perturbations initially dissipated everywhere except for in the conditionally unstable regions. Error from the ensemble forecasts quickly developed horizontal and vertical structure that was associated with the cyclogenesis of the system. This error growth was a nonlinear process that was dictated by moist dynamics but not by the initial magnitude of the perturbations added to create the ensemble. The ensemble forecasts were also used to estimate the background error covariance matrix. These results show that initially uncorrelated errors develop a strong covariance or relationship between and among variables especially in the regions of cyclogenesis and convection. The covariances' development was controlled by the underlying governing dynamics, among which moist processes play a fundamental role. These covariances (correlations) indicate that observation/estimation of one state variable could provide valuable information on the state estimation of another state variable which is key to data assimilation. This paper demonstrates that further study on using ensemble forecasts to estimate the flow-dependent background error covariance matrix is warranted.
Subjects/Keywords: atmospheric sciences.; Major atmospheric sciences.
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APA (6th Edition):
Ham, J. L. (2012). Mesoscale predictability and background error convariance estimation through ensemble forecasting. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2002-THESIS-H33
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Ham, Joy L. “Mesoscale predictability and background error convariance estimation through ensemble forecasting.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 23, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2002-THESIS-H33.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Ham, Joy L. “Mesoscale predictability and background error convariance estimation through ensemble forecasting.” 2012. Web. 23 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Ham JL. Mesoscale predictability and background error convariance estimation through ensemble forecasting. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 23].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2002-THESIS-H33.
Council of Science Editors:
Ham JL. Mesoscale predictability and background error convariance estimation through ensemble forecasting. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2002-THESIS-H33
Texas A&M University
25.
Hong, Sungwook.
Improved freezing level retrieval.
Degree: MS, atmospheric sciences, 2012, Texas A&M University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2002-THESIS-H665
► TRMM Microwave Imager(TMI)-based passive microwave retrieval techniques result in biased estimates of the freezing level and rainfall over the east Pacific in the Inter Tropical…
(more)
▼ TRMM Microwave Imager(TMI)-based passive microwave retrieval techniques result in biased estimates of the freezing level and rainfall over the east Pacific in the Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). Passive microwave rainfall estimates are usually based on microwave absorption, emission, and scattering, that is, the brightness temperatures measured with a microwave radiometer. For this study, the Wilheit el al. (1977) model is used as a starting point. The freezing level (FL), which is calculated from 19 and 21 GHz brightness temperature channels, serves as an important intermediate product within the above model. Atmospheric water vapor and surface temperature are determined by the FL in the passive microwave rainfall retrieval. Therefore, the FL, a rough estimate of the height of the liquid water column, is a crucial parameter to this rainfall estimation. For a raining cloud with a FL height of 5 km, an underestimation (overestimation) of FL by 0.5 km, for example, will result in a 10% overestimation (underestimation) of the rain rate. Thus, the correct FL retrieval is very important to determine whether or not a rainfall retrieval algorithm is reasonable. There may be two causes for this bias over the east Pacific. One is an extrinsic cause, such as different meteorological conditions from the model. If meteorological conditions differ from the models in a meaningful way, then the models will yield an erroneous FL. In this case, we may consider that the atmosphere is not in the standard condition. The other is an intrinsic cause in the model itself. For heavy rainfall (high brightness temperatures), the current algorithm may lead to a wrong FL retrieval due to increased non-uniformity of rainfall across the beam, and increased scattering effects. This is because the current algorithm assumes horizontal uniformity of rainfall across the beam, and strong scattering makes it more difficult to measure the rainfall accurately. An improved FL retrieval method may provide a clue to clarify a cause of bias over the east Pacific.
Subjects/Keywords: atmospheric sciences.; Major atmospheric sciences.
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APA (6th Edition):
Hong, S. (2012). Improved freezing level retrieval. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2002-THESIS-H665
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Hong, Sungwook. “Improved freezing level retrieval.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 23, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2002-THESIS-H665.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Hong, Sungwook. “Improved freezing level retrieval.” 2012. Web. 23 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Hong S. Improved freezing level retrieval. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 23].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2002-THESIS-H665.
Council of Science Editors:
Hong S. Improved freezing level retrieval. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2002-THESIS-H665
Texas A&M University
26.
Jamieson, Daniel Richard.
Dual-Doppler observations of the formative stage of an asymmetric squall line system.
Degree: MS, atmospheric sciences, 2012, Texas A&M University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2002-THESIS-J36
► The objective of this study is to document and explain the formation of a large asymmetric squall line system. Despite having a precipitation pattern similar…
(more)
▼ The objective of this study is to document and explain the formation of a large asymmetric squall line system. Despite having a precipitation pattern similar to the conceptual model of an asymmetric squall line, the development and evolution of the storm system was considerably different from previous asymmetric squall line studies. Dual-Doppler data collected on 24-25 May 1997 during the TEXACAL field campaign revealed that the asymmetric squall line developed from the merging of two distinct squall lines oriented parallel to each other. The development of the trailing stratiform precipitation region and the evolution of the convection within the southern part of the convective line were influenced by the merging squall lines. The trailing stratiform region formed as dissipating convection in the northern portion of the western squall line merged with the developing stratiform precipitation region associated with the eastern squall line. Intense storm-relative rear inflow was present at the rear of the northern portion of the western squall line. A pronounced anticyclonic circulation associated with a bow echo along the leading edge of the southern portion of the western squall line affected the intensity of convection in the southern part of the domain as the flow entered the rear of the convective line and accelerated towards the leading edge causing intense upward motion and strong convection.
Subjects/Keywords: atmospheric sciences.; Major atmospheric sciences.
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APA (6th Edition):
Jamieson, D. R. (2012). Dual-Doppler observations of the formative stage of an asymmetric squall line system. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2002-THESIS-J36
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Jamieson, Daniel Richard. “Dual-Doppler observations of the formative stage of an asymmetric squall line system.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 23, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2002-THESIS-J36.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Jamieson, Daniel Richard. “Dual-Doppler observations of the formative stage of an asymmetric squall line system.” 2012. Web. 23 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Jamieson DR. Dual-Doppler observations of the formative stage of an asymmetric squall line system. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 23].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2002-THESIS-J36.
Council of Science Editors:
Jamieson DR. Dual-Doppler observations of the formative stage of an asymmetric squall line system. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2002-THESIS-J36
Texas A&M University
27.
Ames, Douglas Seeley.
Verification of the WRF model during a high ozone event over Houston, TX.
Degree: MS, atmospheric sciences, 2012, Texas A&M University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2003-THESIS-A522
► High ozone values were observed in Houston, TX during August 25 - September 1, 2000. A comparison of WRF data with observations and MM5 data…
(more)
▼ High ozone values were observed in Houston, TX during August 25 - September 1, 2000. A comparison of WRF data with observations and MM5 data was conducted to determine the WRF model's performance in simulating the meteorological conditions that affected ozone. The most substantial errors in the WRF simulation were a cold bias during the observed high temperatures in the afternoon, and the timing of the sea breeze cycle. It was less accurate than the MM5 model for these aspects. The WRF model was more accurate at night, predicting the height of the boundary layer, cloud cover, the nocturnal low-level jet, and profiler winds in the lower levels. Multiple simulations of the WRF model were also run to test the sensitivity of the model to different parameters. The model was run with a different radiation scheme, different values for the diffusion schemes, different values for the levels of acoustic damping, and a different order for the time-splitting scheme. Most of the sensitivity runs only slightly altered the meteorological characteristics. The model run that changed the radiation to the Goddard scheme from the Dudhia scheme exhibited the largest changes overall.
Subjects/Keywords: atmospheric sciences.; Major atmospheric sciences.
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APA (6th Edition):
Ames, D. S. (2012). Verification of the WRF model during a high ozone event over Houston, TX. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2003-THESIS-A522
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Ames, Douglas Seeley. “Verification of the WRF model during a high ozone event over Houston, TX.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 23, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2003-THESIS-A522.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Ames, Douglas Seeley. “Verification of the WRF model during a high ozone event over Houston, TX.” 2012. Web. 23 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Ames DS. Verification of the WRF model during a high ozone event over Houston, TX. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 23].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2003-THESIS-A522.
Council of Science Editors:
Ames DS. Verification of the WRF model during a high ozone event over Houston, TX. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2003-THESIS-A522
Texas A&M University
28.
Chadwick, Virginia Alyson.
A microphysical and dynamical comparison of the observed and simulated structure of a Florida area thunderstorm.
Degree: MS, atmospheric sciences, 2012, Texas A&M University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2003-THESIS-C421
► An evaluation of the COMMAS (COllaborative Model for Multiscale Atmospheric Simulation) model's ability to simulate the dynamics and microphysics of a multicellular storm was conducted…
(more)
▼ An evaluation of the COMMAS (COllaborative Model for Multiscale Atmospheric Simulation) model's ability to simulate the dynamics and microphysics of a multicellular storm was conducted using data from the 19 September storm observed during the Keys Area Microphysics Project (KAMP) in the summer of 2001. This evaluation involved radar data from the P3 Tail Radar, the ER-2 Doppler Radar (EDOP), and the Shared Mobile Atmospheric Research and Teaching Radar (SMART-R), and radiometer data from the Advanced Microwave Precipitation Radiometer (AMPR). The model generated a storm system with more organization and strong convection than was observed on 19 September. The model reproduced the general trends observed with height in the wind fields, but often overestimated the magnitude of the horizontal components and underestimated those of the vertical components. Despite possessing weaker updrafts than found in the observed storm, the simulation produced stronger, deeper cores with inflated reflectivities aloft and depressed microwave brightness temperatures. These reflectivities and brightness temperatures can be attributed to the high graupel concentrations found in the simulated storm. Considering its simplicity, this model reproduced the 19 September storm fairly well, but a few alterations may increase its ability to generate more realistic storm systems.
Subjects/Keywords: atmospheric sciences.; Major atmospheric sciences.
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APA (6th Edition):
Chadwick, V. A. (2012). A microphysical and dynamical comparison of the observed and simulated structure of a Florida area thunderstorm. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2003-THESIS-C421
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Chadwick, Virginia Alyson. “A microphysical and dynamical comparison of the observed and simulated structure of a Florida area thunderstorm.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 23, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2003-THESIS-C421.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Chadwick, Virginia Alyson. “A microphysical and dynamical comparison of the observed and simulated structure of a Florida area thunderstorm.” 2012. Web. 23 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Chadwick VA. A microphysical and dynamical comparison of the observed and simulated structure of a Florida area thunderstorm. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 23].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2003-THESIS-C421.
Council of Science Editors:
Chadwick VA. A microphysical and dynamical comparison of the observed and simulated structure of a Florida area thunderstorm. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2003-THESIS-C421
Texas A&M University
29.
Feng, Kai.
Using a cloud resolving model to generate the beam-filling correction for microwave retrieval of oceanic rainfall.
Degree: MS, atmospheric sciences, 2012, Texas A&M University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2003-THESIS-F36
► Estimating rain rate from microwave emission is hampered by several difficulties. One of these difficulties is known as the beam-filling error. This error stems from…
(more)
▼ Estimating rain rate from microwave emission is hampered by several difficulties. One of these difficulties is known as the beam-filling error. This error stems from the fact that the relationship between microwave brightness temperature and rain rate is nonlinear, coupled with the fact that the field of view is large or comparable to important scales of variability of rain field. In the previous studies, the beam-filling correction factor was derived by using two dimensional or three dimensional rainfall intensity fields estimated from radar observations as the basis for simulation studies. Meanwhile, vertical structure and the structure along a sloping radiometer view path had also been considered, but it is very costly to gain radar data through field campaigns and it is hard to cover many locations. Cloud Resolving Models (CRM) have made progress. To generate beam-filling corrections with CRMs is very promising; however, the quality of the results is questionable. The present study derives the beam-filling corrections for different channels of TRMM based on data output of a CRM and compares them with the those derived from radar data (ARMAR). In addition, the comparison between Monte Carlo (MC) Radiative Model and Plane-parallel Radiative Transfer Model (RTM) was examined. The physical cloud information that the CRM provides are input into the MC model and the RTM model to compare results for different channels or frequencies. In addition, a simulation study based on the rain rate from the CRM along a sloping radiometer view path is conducted to calculate the beam-filling corrections. The best resolution of the CRM we can get is 3km and the beam-filling corrections based on radar data come from another member of our group, Roy Chen. The final results reveal that the difference between the Monte Carlo Model and the Radiation Transfer Model is very small at low and medium frequencies, but there is a significant difference at high frequency because of scattering. Also, the results reveal that two assumptions of the plane-parallel model contribute to the difference. The first is that the plane parallel model does not allow energy to leak out of raining areas into surrounding areas. The second is that the plane parallel model cannot accommodate physical boundaries in the horizontal dimension for off-nadir viewing angles. Furthermore, the beam-filling correction factors (BCF) derived from the CRM are much larger that those derived from radar data, and the limited width of radar data do not introduce much difference in the BCFs.
Subjects/Keywords: atmospheric sciences.; Major atmospheric sciences.
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APA (6th Edition):
Feng, K. (2012). Using a cloud resolving model to generate the beam-filling correction for microwave retrieval of oceanic rainfall. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2003-THESIS-F36
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Feng, Kai. “Using a cloud resolving model to generate the beam-filling correction for microwave retrieval of oceanic rainfall.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 23, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2003-THESIS-F36.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Feng, Kai. “Using a cloud resolving model to generate the beam-filling correction for microwave retrieval of oceanic rainfall.” 2012. Web. 23 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Feng K. Using a cloud resolving model to generate the beam-filling correction for microwave retrieval of oceanic rainfall. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 23].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2003-THESIS-F36.
Council of Science Editors:
Feng K. Using a cloud resolving model to generate the beam-filling correction for microwave retrieval of oceanic rainfall. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2003-THESIS-F36
Texas A&M University
30.
Bellows, Christopher Timothy.
Consistency testing of models used to infer rainfall from TRMM passive microwave observations.
Degree: MS, atmospheric sciences, 2012, Texas A&M University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1999-THESIS-B455
► The algorithms used for the retrieval of rainfall are based on physical modeling. One of the by-products of the algorithm is an estimate of the…
(more)
▼ The algorithms used for the retrieval of rainfall are based on physical modeling. One of the by-products of the algorithm is an estimate of the freezing level. Using observations from the TRMM precipitation radar, we can infer the freezing level from bright band observations in the radar. Comparison testing of the two provides a measure of the physical consistency in the radiative transfer model. These kinds of tests are extremely important because of the difficulty of direct validation of rainfall estimates over the oceans. Also, this study will look at the effects of using different water vapor absorption codes and precipitable water correction factors within the rainfall retrieval algorithm. The water vapor code is updated with the Liebe (1985) model. The precipitable water correction factor of .9078 is generated from data analyzed at Texas A&M University through the use of radiosonde and ship data, which has been compared to a physically based measurement of precipitable water. The work will show that the algorithm is producing freezing level estimates that are in close agreement with the TRMM precipitation radar. Also shown in the study is the fact that the addition of the Liebe (1985) model and the precipitable water correction factor have minimal change on the overall effectiveness of the rainfall retrieval algorithm.
Subjects/Keywords: atmospheric sciences.; Major atmospheric sciences.
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APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Bellows, C. T. (2012). Consistency testing of models used to infer rainfall from TRMM passive microwave observations. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1999-THESIS-B455
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Bellows, Christopher Timothy. “Consistency testing of models used to infer rainfall from TRMM passive microwave observations.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed January 23, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1999-THESIS-B455.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Bellows, Christopher Timothy. “Consistency testing of models used to infer rainfall from TRMM passive microwave observations.” 2012. Web. 23 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Bellows CT. Consistency testing of models used to infer rainfall from TRMM passive microwave observations. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 23].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1999-THESIS-B455.
Council of Science Editors:
Bellows CT. Consistency testing of models used to infer rainfall from TRMM passive microwave observations. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1999-THESIS-B455
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