subject:(Antiretroviral therapy highly active)

University of the Western Cape

1. Mutenda, Nicholus Mbangu. Adverse effects experienced by patients on first line antiretroviral drugs used at Keetmanshoop Hospital (Namibia).

Degree: 2015, University of the Western Cape

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4549

► Adverse effects are a significant factor that determine how long patients will tolerate a given antiretroviral drug regimen. They also influence treatment options, and play… (more)

▼ Adverse effects are a significant factor that determine how long patients will tolerate a given antiretroviral drug regimen. They also influence treatment options, and play an important role in the much needed adherence to treatment by patients on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART). This study is aimed at understanding adverse effects experienced by patients on the first line antiretroviral therapy at Keetmanshoop Hospital in Namibia. Methods : A retrospective quantitative method was used to review records of patients on first line antiretroviral treatment who started treatment between November 1st 2007 and December 1st, 2008 and followed up until they reached 36 – 48 months on treatment. Records of 94 patients were found eligible to be included in the study. Data was analysed using Stata 12 data analysis software. Results : The most reported adverse effect was musculoskeletal disorders (25%) whereas headache (16%) was the least reported. Low haemoglobin (78%) was the most common recorded hematologic adverse effect whereas low red cell distribution width and low mean platelet volume were the least recorded adverse effects (0%). A Male patient was more likely to experience a low haemoglobin levels compared to a female patient (adjusted OR: 3.29, 95% CI: 1.3 – 8.3). A male patient was found to be 64% times less likely to experience a higher mean cell haemoglobin compared to a female patient (adjusted OR. 0.31, 95% CI: 0.11 – 0.87). A patient on nevirapine was more likely to experience an elevated creatinine level compared to a patient on efavirenz (adjusted OR; 36.0, 95%CI: 2.02 – 62.5). At baseline, a patient who had prior exposure to ART had an 81 times (adjusted OR: 81.4, 95%CI: 5.3 – 119, p-value=0.00) increased odds of experiencing a high mean cell volume (MCV) compared to a patient with no ART exposure. A patient with a higher CD4 count was also less likely to experience a low hemoglobin compared to a patient with low CD4 count (adjusted OR; 0.31, 95% CI: 0.12 – 0.77). The author recommends further studies with higher sample size to confirm whether higher creatinine levels are more prevalent in patients on nevirapine compared to patients on efavirenz; this will have clinical implications especially in patients with impaired renal system. Antiretroviral treatment increases chances of developing macrocytosis anaemia; clinical implication of this condition may need to be investigated. Advisors/Committee Members: Mugabo, Pierre (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Macrocytosis anaemia; Highly active antiretroviral therapy; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Nevirapine

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Mutenda, N. M. (2015). Adverse effects experienced by patients on first line antiretroviral drugs used at Keetmanshoop Hospital (Namibia). (Thesis). University of the Western Cape. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4549

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Mutenda, Nicholus Mbangu. “Adverse effects experienced by patients on first line antiretroviral drugs used at Keetmanshoop Hospital (Namibia). ” 2015. Thesis, University of the Western Cape. Accessed January 24, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4549.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Mutenda, Nicholus Mbangu. “Adverse effects experienced by patients on first line antiretroviral drugs used at Keetmanshoop Hospital (Namibia). ” 2015. Web. 24 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Mutenda NM. Adverse effects experienced by patients on first line antiretroviral drugs used at Keetmanshoop Hospital (Namibia). [Internet] [Thesis]. University of the Western Cape; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 24]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4549.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Mutenda NM. Adverse effects experienced by patients on first line antiretroviral drugs used at Keetmanshoop Hospital (Namibia). [Thesis]. University of the Western Cape; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4549

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of KwaZulu-Natal

2. Naicker, Michaela Helene. Factors that influence adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).

Degree: MA, Social work, 2011, University of KwaZulu-Natal

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10413/8821

► HIV/AIDS remains one of the most pressing challenges facing South African society. South Africa has the highest number of people living with HIV as well… (more)

▼ HIV/AIDS remains one of the most pressing challenges facing South African society. South Africa has the highest number of people living with HIV as well as the highest number of people on HIV treatment globally, yet only 37% of persons eligible for treatment have access to treatment. The advent of HAART ushered in a new era in the treatment of HIV infection. HIV infection was no longer a life threatening terminal illness, HIV/AIDS became a chronic manageable disease. The full clinical benefit of HAART can only be achieved with near perfect adherence i.e. > 95%. This means taking the medication exactly as prescribed; on time, no missed doses, every day, lifelong. No other chronic medication requires such stringent adherence rates for optimal therapeutic benefit, which may mean the choice between life and death. Achieving near perfect adherence poses a serious challenge to health service providers and persons on treatment as typical adherence rates for medication prescribed over long periods are in the 50 – 75 % range. Persons on HAART live with the additional burden of drug resistance and limited treatment options if near perfect adherence rates are not achieved. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the factors that influence adherence to HAART. These factors may be related to the person, the health care team and system, the treatment regimen, the social and economic environment or to the effects of HIV disease. Factors may either negatively or positively influence a person’s ability to adhere optimally to their prescribed treatment. A small sample of thirteen participants were purposefully selected for this study. Data was collected using in-depth interviews which were tape recorded and transcribed for thematic analysis. The value of this study is that it may assist health care providers, persons on treatment and the health care system to better comprehend the challenges of lifelong optimal adherence to HAART. Advisors/Committee Members: Sewpaul, Vishanthie. (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Social work.; Highly active antiretroviral therapy.

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Naicker, M. H. (2011). Factors that influence adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). (Masters Thesis). University of KwaZulu-Natal. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10413/8821

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Naicker, Michaela Helene. “Factors that influence adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).” 2011. Masters Thesis, University of KwaZulu-Natal. Accessed January 24, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/8821.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Naicker, Michaela Helene. “Factors that influence adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).” 2011. Web. 24 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Naicker MH. Factors that influence adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of KwaZulu-Natal; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 24]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10413/8821.

Council of Science Editors:

Naicker MH. Factors that influence adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). [Masters Thesis]. University of KwaZulu-Natal; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10413/8821

Rhodes University

3. Okafor, Nnamdi Ikemefuna. Formulation and evaluation of liposomal films for buccal delivery of antiretroviral drug.

Degree: Faculty of Science, Chemistry, 2020, Rhodes University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/117161

► The human immune deficiency virus (HIV) infection has been ranked as one of the most devastating microbial infections in the world. This status is a… (more)

▼ The human immune deficiency virus (HIV) infection has been ranked as one of the most devastating microbial infections in the world. This status is a result of the HIV rapid genetic variation, which limits discovery of a vaccine. Use application of antiretroviral therapy (ARVT) in treatment of the disease caused by the HIV infection (known as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, HIV-AIDS) is frequently compromised by several factors such as the low bioavailability and severe adverse effects associated with the existing antiretroviral drugs (ARVDs). This underlines the need for controlling the pharmacokinetics profiles of ARVD using effective vehicles that can modify drug biodistribution. The same is true for many other conditions, where delivery systems can determine the success or failure of treatment by controlling pharmacokinetic and dynamic properties. The mucosal linings of the oral cavities in addition offer adorable route of administration for systematic drug delivery, improving drug therapeutic performance and often preferred by clinicians and patients. Liposomes are tiny spherical sacs of phospholipid molecules enclosing water droplets, formed (artificially) to carry drugs or other substances into the tissues by crossing and targeting to specific organelles. This work therefore focused on preparation of liposomes and liposomal buccal films (BFs) for potential buccal delivery of efavirenz, an ARVD model endowed with poor solubility and several side effects. The liposomes were prepared by thin film hydration method using crude soybean lecithin (CL) and cholesterol. Efavirenz loaded liposomes were evaluated for particle size, Zeta potential (ZP), morphology, encapsulation efficiency (EE%) and release kinetics studies. The physiochemical properties of the liposomes were also evaluated using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersity spectroscopy (EDS), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), while the formulation with the best encapsulation efficiency was used as the solvent medium for the buccal film formation. The buccal films were prepared using solvent casting method, where the liposomal suspension was used as the dispersing medium. The films were optimized for physical properties (thickness, weight variation and folding endurance) using digital Vernier calliper and digital weighing balance. The physiochemical properties of the selected BFs films made of Carbopol (CP) and its combination with Pluronic F127 (PF127) were further characterized using XRD, DSC, FTIR, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), EDS and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The permeation study of the selected BFs was investigated using Franz diffusion cell. The BFs composed of CP alone or its combination with PF127 demonstrated much better bio-adhesive properties than the films made of other polymers (like Hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose, HPMC) alone or in combination with PF127. The developed liposome formulation showed high encapsulation 98.8 ± 0.01 % in CL to cholesterol mass ratio of 1:1 and…

Subjects/Keywords: Liposomes; Highly active antiretroviral therapy; Antiretroviral agents; HIV infections – Prevention

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Okafor, N. I. (2020). Formulation and evaluation of liposomal films for buccal delivery of antiretroviral drug. (Thesis). Rhodes University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10962/117161

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Okafor, Nnamdi Ikemefuna. “Formulation and evaluation of liposomal films for buccal delivery of antiretroviral drug.” 2020. Thesis, Rhodes University. Accessed January 24, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/117161.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Okafor, Nnamdi Ikemefuna. “Formulation and evaluation of liposomal films for buccal delivery of antiretroviral drug.” 2020. Web. 24 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Okafor NI. Formulation and evaluation of liposomal films for buccal delivery of antiretroviral drug. [Internet] [Thesis]. Rhodes University; 2020. [cited 2021 Jan 24]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/117161.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Okafor NI. Formulation and evaluation of liposomal films for buccal delivery of antiretroviral drug. [Thesis]. Rhodes University; 2020. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/117161

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of the Western Cape

4. Awor, Anna Colletar. Determinants of long term survival of patients initiated on HAART at the AIDS support organization, Uganda .

Degree: 2017, University of the Western Cape

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5595

► It is well documented that mortality rates have decreased and the survival of HIV and AIDS patients has been prolonged since the introduction of highly… (more)

▼ It is well documented that mortality rates have decreased and the survival of HIV and AIDS patients has been prolonged since the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in 1996. Although HAART has dramatically improved the prognosis of HIV disease, some HIV patients on HAART still die of HIV related illnesses. It is important to understand what these factors are in order to mitigate the impact on these factors on patient survival and achieve better outcome for these patients. The aim of this study was to determine risk factors for long term survival of patients on HAART in Uganda. Data for 2,244 out of 30,000 clients receiving care and treatment at TASO Entebbe was retrospectively analyzed. TASO Entebbe is a non-governmental HIV clinic that provides care and treatment to HIV positive clients. Long term survival in this case was defined as survival for more than 5 years after initiation on HAART. Logistic regression and survival analysis were conducted. Female clients had a 12% lower risk of death compared to the male clients (AHR=0.88 [CI: 0.443- 0.936]). Clients that had pulmonary TB had 1.3 times higher risk of death compared to clients that did not have pulmonary TB (AHR=1.33 [CI: 1.162-2.733]). Clients initiated at CD4 cell counts less than 250 cells/μl had almost 7 times higher adjusted odds of death compared to those initiated at CD4 cell counts greater than 500 cells/μl (AOR= 6.95 [CI: 2.882-16.744]) and clients initiated at CD4 cell counts between 250 cells/μl and 500 cells/μl almost 3 times higher adjusted odds of death compared to clients initiated at CD4 cell counts greater than 500 cells/μl (AOR 2.56 [CI: 1.004-6.520]). It is recommended that an aggressive HIV testing strategy be put in place to facilitate early identification of HIV positive patients. Early identification would enable early initiation into HAART well before the CD4 cell counts fall below 500 cells/μl. The observed higher risk of mortality amongst men suggests interventions to promote early HIV testing and treatment initiation amongst men. The observed high risk of mortality for patients with pulmonary TB, calls for aggressive TB case finding and treatment of positive in order to reduce the HIV/TB related mortality. Advisors/Committee Members: Van Wyk, Brian (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Antiretroviral therapy; Antiretroviral drug; Highly active antiretroviral therapy; Sub-Saharan Africa; HIV/AIDS; Mortality

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Awor, A. C. (2017). Determinants of long term survival of patients initiated on HAART at the AIDS support organization, Uganda . (Thesis). University of the Western Cape. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5595

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Awor, Anna Colletar. “Determinants of long term survival of patients initiated on HAART at the AIDS support organization, Uganda .” 2017. Thesis, University of the Western Cape. Accessed January 24, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5595.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Awor, Anna Colletar. “Determinants of long term survival of patients initiated on HAART at the AIDS support organization, Uganda .” 2017. Web. 24 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Awor AC. Determinants of long term survival of patients initiated on HAART at the AIDS support organization, Uganda . [Internet] [Thesis]. University of the Western Cape; 2017. [cited 2021 Jan 24]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5595.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Awor AC. Determinants of long term survival of patients initiated on HAART at the AIDS support organization, Uganda . [Thesis]. University of the Western Cape; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5595

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of the Western Cape

5. Onyebuchi, Iroezindu Michael. Prevalence of HIV-related opportunistic diseases amongst HAART patients at the Federal Medical Centre in Owerri, Nigeria .

Degree: 2012, University of the Western Cape

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5200

► Background: The hallmark of HIV infection is immunosuppression which predisposes to unusual infections and malignancies generally known as opportunistic diseases (ODs). Globally, ODs are the… (more)

▼ Background: The hallmark of HIV infection is immunosuppression which predisposes to unusual infections and malignancies generally known as opportunistic diseases (ODs). Globally, ODs are the major cause of morbidity and mortality in people living with HIV (PLHIV). Since the advent of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART), a significant decline in AIDS progression and ODs has been observed globally. However, most of the evidence suggesting sustained decline in AIDS progression and ODs has come from high-income settings with relatively less burden of ODs in the pre-HAART era. The findings of studies in high-income settings may not be generalizable to resource-limited settings. Lack of information regarding the burden of ODs in HAART-experienced populations in Nigeria and the risk factors for their occurrence has made it difficult to fully assess the sustained efficacy of HAART in the country. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of and risk factors for HIV-related opportunistic diseases amongst HAART patients at the Federal Medical Centre (FMC) in Owerri, Nigeria. Study design and setting: A quantitative, cross-sectional descriptive and analytical study was conducted with 354 adult HIV-infected patients 15 years and above, who were on HAART for a minimum of 12 weeks at the HIV clinic of the FMC, Owerri, South-east Nigeria. Patients currently manifesting an OD whose onset ante-dated the commencement of HAART were excluded. The participants were recruited by simple random sampling. Data collection: Using a structured questionnaire, data was collected by clinicians through interviews, physical and laboratory examinations for patients that provided informed consent and met the study criteria. The questionnaire captured patient’s socio-demographic information and other relevant clinical/laboratory data. Data Analysis: The data was analysed using Epi info version 3.5.1 and Open Epi Version 2.2.1. Descriptive statistics for HIV-related ODs were carried out using percentages and frequencies tables for categorical variables and means (SD) or medians (IQR) for numerical variables. In univariate analysis, the Chi-square test was used to determine significance of association between OD and socio-demographic and clinical variables while the Student "t"-test was used to compare group means. Logistic regression model (multivariate analysis) was used to determine the independent risk factors for the occurrence of ODs using parameters that had a p-value of <0.25 on univariate analysis. All reported p-values <0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: The mean age of the participants was 41.1 ± 10.0 years; and females were in the majority (65.8%). Over 40% of them were rural dwellers, 50.4% belonged to the lower socioeconomic class, and 55% had a monthly household income less than 20,000 Naira. Fifty percent (50%) of them had advanced immunosuppression at first presentation. The median duration of HAART (3 years) paralleled the median duration of HIV diagnosis (3.4 years) and HAART adherence… Advisors/Committee Members: Hausler, Harry (advisor), Van Wyk, Brian (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS); Antiretroviral therapy (ART); Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART); Tuberculosis

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Onyebuchi, I. M. (2012). Prevalence of HIV-related opportunistic diseases amongst HAART patients at the Federal Medical Centre in Owerri, Nigeria . (Thesis). University of the Western Cape. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5200

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Onyebuchi, Iroezindu Michael. “Prevalence of HIV-related opportunistic diseases amongst HAART patients at the Federal Medical Centre in Owerri, Nigeria .” 2012. Thesis, University of the Western Cape. Accessed January 24, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5200.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Onyebuchi, Iroezindu Michael. “Prevalence of HIV-related opportunistic diseases amongst HAART patients at the Federal Medical Centre in Owerri, Nigeria .” 2012. Web. 24 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Onyebuchi IM. Prevalence of HIV-related opportunistic diseases amongst HAART patients at the Federal Medical Centre in Owerri, Nigeria . [Internet] [Thesis]. University of the Western Cape; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 24]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5200.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Onyebuchi IM. Prevalence of HIV-related opportunistic diseases amongst HAART patients at the Federal Medical Centre in Owerri, Nigeria . [Thesis]. University of the Western Cape; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5200

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Stellenbosch University

6. Du Plessis, Stefan. Measuring the impact of HIV on the fronto-striatal system.

Degree: PhD, Psychiatry, 2016, Stellenbosch University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/100223

►

ENGLISH SUMMARY : HIV infection remains a major contributor to the global health burden despite the introduction of effective prevention strategies and the effectiveness of… (more)

▼

ENGLISH SUMMARY : HIV infection remains a major contributor to the global health burden despite the introduction of effective prevention strategies and the effectiveness of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART). Of particular importance is the impact of HIV on the brain. While cART has been successful in treating the more severe forms HIV induced cognitive impairment, the minor forms of impairment are now more prevalent. There remains some controversy with regard to the latter. Being diagnosed in the absence of other symptoms, there is some doubt that this category of cognitive impairment is valid at all. As such, investigating HIV induced functional brain changes may be helpful in the study of these forms of impairment. Although functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have thus far shown various forms of functional impairment in the brain, how these impairments relate to one another is unclear. Many key aspects of HIV’s potential impact on the frontostriatal system remain unexplored. Our overall objective was therefore to investigate the early impact of HIV on the brain using fMRI as an objective measurement tool. First, we investigated the effects of HIV on the brain by performing a quantitative meta analysis of all suitable fMRI data. Next, we proceeded to investigate the fronto-striatal network based on the results of the meta-analysis by performing fMRI imaging in a sample of HIV+ participants and matched HIV negative controls. Participants performed a stop-signal anticipation and a monetary incentive delay task to investigate the impact of HIV on important sub-networks of the fronto-striatal system. Finally, we investigated the relationship between striatal dysfunction with structural brain changes. The results from the meta-analysis showed that HIV consistently affects the fronto-striatal system based on past fMRI studies. In subsequent studies, we demonstrated diminished functioning of the fronto-striatal networks involved in inhibition of voluntary movement as well as reward processing. Furthermore, this fronto-striatal dysfunction was also related to cortical atrophy often seen in HIV. Based on these findings, I therefore conclude that fronto-striatal dysfunction is a core component of HIV infection and needs to be considered in the assessment and management of all patients afflicted by this still very prevalent illness.

AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING : MIV-infeksie dra by tot die globale gesondheid las, ten spyte van die bekendstelling van effektiewe voorkomende strategiee en die doeltreffendheid van gekombineerde antiretrovirale terapie (ART). Van besondere belang is die impak van MIV op die brein. Terwyl ART suksesvol was in die behandeling van die meer ernstige klassifikasie van MIV geassosieerde kognitiewe inkorting, is die subtiele klassifikasie van hierdie inkorting nou nog meer algemeen. Die diagnose van meer ernstige kognitiewe inkorting is tans nog kontroversieel. Sedert dit gediagnoseer word in die afwesigheid van funksionele inkorting, is daar tans twyfel of hierdie kategorie van…

Advisors/Committee Members: Emsley, Robin Alexander, Vink, Matthijs, Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Medicine and Health Science. Dept. of Psychiatry..

Subjects/Keywords: HIV infections; Brain – Localization of functions; Highly active antiretroviral therapy; UCTD

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Du Plessis, S. (2016). Measuring the impact of HIV on the fronto-striatal system. (Doctoral Dissertation). Stellenbosch University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/100223

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Du Plessis, Stefan. “Measuring the impact of HIV on the fronto-striatal system.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, Stellenbosch University. Accessed January 24, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/100223.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Du Plessis, Stefan. “Measuring the impact of HIV on the fronto-striatal system.” 2016. Web. 24 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Du Plessis S. Measuring the impact of HIV on the fronto-striatal system. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Stellenbosch University; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 24]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/100223.

Council of Science Editors:

Du Plessis S. Measuring the impact of HIV on the fronto-striatal system. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Stellenbosch University; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/100223

University of the Western Cape

7. Nyatondo, Kapera T. J. Factors associated with first line highly active antiretroviral therapy regimen modification in naïve adult patients at Gobabis District Hospital .

Degree: 2012, University of the Western Cape

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5084

► Background: First line regimens give patients the best chance of long-term treatment success. It is imperative that patients stay on their original first line regimens… (more)

▼ Background: First line regimens give patients the best chance of long-term treatment success. It is imperative that patients stay on their original first line regimens to ensure program viability. As the ART programme matures in Namibia the proportion of patients who have had their first line regimens modified continues to increase. It is estimated that 3.1% of adults in Namibia are on second line regimens. Second line or other modified regimens are generally reserved for clinical, immunological or virological failure and toxicity related complications. These modified regimens often involve a higher pill burden, more toxicities and are often more expensive. A more detailed understanding of the factors associated with first line regimen modification could allow healthcare providers in Namibia to target these factors for intervention to reduce regimen modification and improve treatment outcomes. Methodology: This quantitative descriptive retrospective cohort study sought to describe factors associated with first line HAART regimen modification in treatment naïve adult patients who started HAART at Gobabis State Hospital between 1st January 2007 and 31st December 2010. Utilizing data from an existing electronic patient management system, quantitative methods were used to assess the prevalence, reasons and factors associated with first line HAART regimen modification. Results: The prevalence of HAART regimen modification was 14.1%. Treatment toxicity was the major reason (35%) for HAART regimen modification and this was largely due to D4T containing regimens. This was followed by treatment modification due to concurrent TB disease (27.3%), new drug availability (19%), pregnancy (6.6%) and virological failure (2%). A death rate of 9% was recorded by the end of the study period in each of the two groups, of those who had their first line HAART regimen modified and those who remained on original regimens respectively. There were statistically significant associations between regimen modification and type of regimen, care entry point, duration from HIV diagnosis to entry into HIV care, sex and functional status. Regimen modifications resulted in more AZT and TDF based regimes while 88.7% of patients had D4T taken off their HAART regimens. Conclusions: HAART regimen modification at Gobabis State hospital is lower than in other settings was largely due to treatment toxicity. The death rate is high and warrants further exploration. Regimen modifications resulted in more AZT and TDF based regimes and more patients had D4T taken off their HAART regimens. Recommendations: Patients still on D4T need close monitoring for side effects associated with this drug and should be promptly changed if this is the case. This study raises the important programmatic issue of the need for good data collection practices. HIV positive patients who are pregnant and those with concurrent TB disease need close monitoring to ensure that HAART regimens are modified appropriately. Advisors/Committee Members: Scott, Vera (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Regimen modification; Highly active antiretroviral therapy; HIV; Namibia

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APA (6^th Edition):

Nyatondo, K. T. J. (2012). Factors associated with first line highly active antiretroviral therapy regimen modification in naïve adult patients at Gobabis District Hospital . (Thesis). University of the Western Cape. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5084

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Nyatondo, Kapera T J. “Factors associated with first line highly active antiretroviral therapy regimen modification in naïve adult patients at Gobabis District Hospital .” 2012. Thesis, University of the Western Cape. Accessed January 24, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5084.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Nyatondo, Kapera T J. “Factors associated with first line highly active antiretroviral therapy regimen modification in naïve adult patients at Gobabis District Hospital .” 2012. Web. 24 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Nyatondo KTJ. Factors associated with first line highly active antiretroviral therapy regimen modification in naïve adult patients at Gobabis District Hospital . [Internet] [Thesis]. University of the Western Cape; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 24]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5084.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Nyatondo KTJ. Factors associated with first line highly active antiretroviral therapy regimen modification in naïve adult patients at Gobabis District Hospital . [Thesis]. University of the Western Cape; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5084

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Missouri – Columbia

8. Ong, Yee Tsuey. Investigation of antiviral strategies targeting Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type I (HIV-1).

Degree: 2014, University of Missouri – Columbia

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10355/48217

► [ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT AUTHOR'S REQUEST.] HIV-1 infection is currently treated with antiretroviral therapy. Three antiviral approaches were investigated to gain… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: AIDS (Disease); HIV (Viruses); Highly active antiretroviral therapy; Immunotechnology

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Ong, Y. T. (2014). Investigation of antiviral strategies targeting Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type I (HIV-1). (Thesis). University of Missouri – Columbia. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10355/48217

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Ong, Yee Tsuey. “Investigation of antiviral strategies targeting Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type I (HIV-1).” 2014. Thesis, University of Missouri – Columbia. Accessed January 24, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/48217.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Ong, Yee Tsuey. “Investigation of antiviral strategies targeting Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type I (HIV-1).” 2014. Web. 24 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Ong YT. Investigation of antiviral strategies targeting Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type I (HIV-1). [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Missouri – Columbia; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 24]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10355/48217.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Ong YT. Investigation of antiviral strategies targeting Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type I (HIV-1). [Thesis]. University of Missouri – Columbia; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10355/48217

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

9. Chiluba, Brian. Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Inhibitors Among HIV seropositive Adults on Protease Inhibitors Containing Antiretroviral Therapy at Adult Infectious Disease Centre at the University Teaching Hospital.

Degree: 2016, University of Zimbabwe

URL: http://dspace.unza.zm/handle/123456789/4632

► Introduction: The burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Sub-Saharan Africa is rising in the background of a high prevalence of infectious diseases including Human Immune… (more)

▼ Introduction: The burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Sub-Saharan Africa is rising in the background of a high prevalence of infectious diseases including Human Immune Deficiency Virus (HIV). The use of certain Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) drugs has been shown to cause dyslipidaemia, with little known about the burden of dyslipidaemia in the presence of ART particularly Protease Inhibitors (PIs) in Sub-Saharan Africa. The objective of this study was to determine the risk associated with the use of PIs- containing ART in the development of CVD among HIV seropositive adult’s at the Adult Infectious Disease Centre University Teaching Hospital (UTH), Zambia. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study that reviewed records of patients on PIs and non- PIs between 2008 and 2016. The primary end point of the study was CVD and consisted of a total sample of 281, with PI consisting of 112 and 169 for the non PI group. A log-binomial model was used to assess covariates, while Kaplan Meier method for probability of survival to CVD and time to CVD comorbidity were utilised. Results: The incidence of CVD among PIs was 62% versus 38% for the non-PI ART group. The risk of CVD was found to be 2.3 times higher in the PIs ART group than non-PI ART group. Associated factors include; age, CD4 cell count, type of ART, years since HIV diagnosis and BMI. Kaplan-Meier survival estimates for CVD showed a statistical difference (log-rank; p=0.003) in the two groups (PI and non-PI), were survival was more in the non-PI group, hence a higher cumulative incidence of CVD was observed in the PI group. Conclusion: Prolonged use of PIs especially older generation drugs containing ART for at least a period of over 2 years were significantly associated with a higher incidence of cardiovascular disease. This study underscores the importance of new screening strategies to be effectively incorporated in ART program among Human immune deficiency virus seropositive adults. Cardiovascular disease has emerged as an important cause of morbidity among seropositive adults. Human immune deficiency virus, antiretroviral therapy and host factors contribute to cardiovascular disease. However, many opportunities exist for developing interventions for optimal screening, treatment and prevention of cardiovascular in Zambia.

Subjects/Keywords: Cardiovascular system – Diseases – Etiology.; Antiretroviral agents.; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active – adverse effects.

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Chiluba, B. (2016). Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Inhibitors Among HIV seropositive Adults on Protease Inhibitors Containing Antiretroviral Therapy at Adult Infectious Disease Centre at the University Teaching Hospital. (Thesis). University of Zimbabwe. Retrieved from http://dspace.unza.zm/handle/123456789/4632

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Chiluba, Brian. “Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Inhibitors Among HIV seropositive Adults on Protease Inhibitors Containing Antiretroviral Therapy at Adult Infectious Disease Centre at the University Teaching Hospital.” 2016. Thesis, University of Zimbabwe. Accessed January 24, 2021. http://dspace.unza.zm/handle/123456789/4632.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Chiluba, Brian. “Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Inhibitors Among HIV seropositive Adults on Protease Inhibitors Containing Antiretroviral Therapy at Adult Infectious Disease Centre at the University Teaching Hospital.” 2016. Web. 24 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Chiluba B. Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Inhibitors Among HIV seropositive Adults on Protease Inhibitors Containing Antiretroviral Therapy at Adult Infectious Disease Centre at the University Teaching Hospital. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Zimbabwe; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 24]. Available from: http://dspace.unza.zm/handle/123456789/4632.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Chiluba B. Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Inhibitors Among HIV seropositive Adults on Protease Inhibitors Containing Antiretroviral Therapy at Adult Infectious Disease Centre at the University Teaching Hospital. [Thesis]. University of Zimbabwe; 2016. Available from: http://dspace.unza.zm/handle/123456789/4632

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of KwaZulu-Natal

10. Kazi, Aniessa. Investigating the impact of a fixed-dose combination compared to triple therapy on metabolic syndrome in patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy.

Degree: 2017, University of KwaZulu-Natal

URL: https://researchspace.ukzn.ac.za/handle/10413/17411

► Introduction: Southern Africa is home to one of the largest populations with Human Immunodeficiency Virus/ Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/ AIDS). Although morbidity and mortality… (more)

▼ Introduction: Southern Africa is home to one of the largest populations with Human Immunodeficiency Virus/ Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/ AIDS). Although morbidity and mortality rates have reduced with the advent of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART), long-term use may lead to metabolic complications such as insulin resistance, lipodystrophy and dyslipidaemia. These adverse-effects are the components of metabolic syndrome (MetS), associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Continuous efforts are being made to improve the quality of life of HIV/ AIDS patients whilst controlling the disease state. The introduction of a fixed-dose combination (FDC) pill (EFV/FTC/TDF) as first-line treatment ensures a more favourable side-effect profile, decreased pill burden and improved adherence. Aims and Objectives: To investigate the incidence and prevalence of metabolic syndrome in HIV patients on HAART triple therapy compared to a fixed-dose combination. To investigate the impact of a single pill compared to triple therapy on the incidence and prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients on HAART. Method: Data was collected as a retrospective chart review upon obtaining gatekeeper’s permission from Addington Hospital. Questionnaires were used as a collection tool for demographic and anthropometric data in a total of 350 patients. Patients were divided according to HAART regimens, FDC (A) and triple therapy (B). The joint interim statement by the International Diabetes Federation Task Force on Epidemiology and Prevention, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, American Heart Association, World Health Organisation, International Atherosclerosis Society and International Association for the Study of Obesity was used to define the metabolic syndrome. Results: Of the patients studied, 62.6% were female and 37.4% male. The overall prevalence of MetS was 16.6%. There was a significant association between HAART regimen and MetS (p = 0.001). There was a higher prevalence of MetS among triple therapy patients (23.4%) compared to FDC (9.7%). When adjusted for age, gender, comorbidities and patient markers, the multivariable logistic regression found HAART viii regimen, glucose, BMI, and the presence of comorbidities to be significant predictors of MetS. Conclusion: Patients on triple therapy had 3 times the odds of developing MetS compared to those on FDC. Increased levels of blood glucose, Low-Density Lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly positively associated with triple therapy. Advisors/Committee Members: Bangalee, Varsha. (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Fixed-dose combination.; Triple therapy.; Metabolic syndrome.; Antiretroviral therapy.; Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART).; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome drug therapy.

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Kazi, A. (2017). Investigating the impact of a fixed-dose combination compared to triple therapy on metabolic syndrome in patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy. (Thesis). University of KwaZulu-Natal. Retrieved from https://researchspace.ukzn.ac.za/handle/10413/17411

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kazi, Aniessa. “Investigating the impact of a fixed-dose combination compared to triple therapy on metabolic syndrome in patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy.” 2017. Thesis, University of KwaZulu-Natal. Accessed January 24, 2021. https://researchspace.ukzn.ac.za/handle/10413/17411.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kazi, Aniessa. “Investigating the impact of a fixed-dose combination compared to triple therapy on metabolic syndrome in patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy.” 2017. Web. 24 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Kazi A. Investigating the impact of a fixed-dose combination compared to triple therapy on metabolic syndrome in patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of KwaZulu-Natal; 2017. [cited 2021 Jan 24]. Available from: https://researchspace.ukzn.ac.za/handle/10413/17411.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Kazi A. Investigating the impact of a fixed-dose combination compared to triple therapy on metabolic syndrome in patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy. [Thesis]. University of KwaZulu-Natal; 2017. Available from: https://researchspace.ukzn.ac.za/handle/10413/17411

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Zambia

11. Kaaba, Conceptor. Short-term effect of HAART on CD4 cell response in adults of the reproductive age(15-49 years)living with HIV/AIDS in Lusaka, Zambia-A retrospective cohort study .

Degree: 2015, University of Zambia

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/4205

► Introduction: The Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) results in an improvement in immunologic function. Studies on kinetics of CD4+ cell count response post-HAART indicate that… (more)

▼ Introduction: The Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) results in an improvement in immunologic function. Studies on kinetics of CD4+ cell count response post-HAART indicate that CD4+ cell count increases rapidly during the first 3-6 months, in part due to release of memory T-cells from lymphoid tissue, and then increase slowly during the next 3-4 years reflecting the reconstitution of the immune system. The first 6 months of ART is a critical period for future and should be given special attention. However, there is limited data on studies of effect of HAART on CD4 cell response 6 months after HAART initiation hence the effect is not well understood. This study aims to report on the outcome of clients on HAART after 6 months of treatment. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the short-term effect of HAART on CD4 count response in adults of the reproductive age (15-49 years) living with HIV/AIDS in Lusaka, Zambia and also help identify the early predictive factors limiting CD4 cell count recovery among the adults of the reproductive age (15-49 years) living with HIV/AIDS. Method: The retrospective cohort study was conducted by reviewing 455 medical records of adult HIV-positive patients aged 15-49 years at baseline and at 6 months follow-up who were enrolled and accessing ART services from Adult Centre of Excellence- UTH ART clinic from January to December 2010 and were residing in Lusaka. Of the 455 participants, 350 were initiated on HAART whereas 105 were not. The CD4 count was measured at baseline in the treated group and the untreated group, and also after 6 months in the untreated group and in the HAART treated group and the difference between the two groups was tested statistically for significance using Wilcoxon matched pairs rank-sum tests. Other factors associated with CD4 count response to HAART were assessed using quantile regression which was used for modeling the median since the CD4 count data was skewed and to make the distribution normal. HAART was the priori variable. Those on HAART were coded 1 and those not on HAART were coded 0. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed for each independent variable and the CD4 count difference between baseline and 6 months follow-up. Missing values of some variables (income and residence) were excluded in the analysis using the STATA default command. Results: The median CD4 count at baseline was 177 (IQR: 81.0, 291.0) and 272 (IQR: 191.0, 420.0) 6 months after HAART initiation. The difference in the median CD4 count was statistically significant, P < 0.0001. There was a significant association between HAART and xiii CD4 count response in that those who were on HAART were most likely to increase their CD4 count by a median value of 187 (IQR: 95% CI: 159.1, 214.9) and the association was significant, P < 0.001. BMI was found to be the only predictive factor for CD4 count response to HAART. HIV patients with normal weight and overweight were less likely to increase their CD4 count by median values of -80 (95% CI: -141.70, -18.30)…

Subjects/Keywords: HIV Infections-Drug therapy-Zambia; Antiretroviral therapy-highly active-Zambia; Aids(Disease); HIV Infections

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Kaaba, C. (2015). Short-term effect of HAART on CD4 cell response in adults of the reproductive age(15-49 years)living with HIV/AIDS in Lusaka, Zambia-A retrospective cohort study . (Thesis). University of Zambia. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/4205

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kaaba, Conceptor. “Short-term effect of HAART on CD4 cell response in adults of the reproductive age(15-49 years)living with HIV/AIDS in Lusaka, Zambia-A retrospective cohort study .” 2015. Thesis, University of Zambia. Accessed January 24, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/4205.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kaaba, Conceptor. “Short-term effect of HAART on CD4 cell response in adults of the reproductive age(15-49 years)living with HIV/AIDS in Lusaka, Zambia-A retrospective cohort study .” 2015. Web. 24 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Kaaba C. Short-term effect of HAART on CD4 cell response in adults of the reproductive age(15-49 years)living with HIV/AIDS in Lusaka, Zambia-A retrospective cohort study . [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Zambia; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 24]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/4205.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Kaaba C. Short-term effect of HAART on CD4 cell response in adults of the reproductive age(15-49 years)living with HIV/AIDS in Lusaka, Zambia-A retrospective cohort study . [Thesis]. University of Zambia; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/4205

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

12. Habimana, Rusumba. Incidence and determinants of change of initial HAART regimen among outpatient HIV infected adults at the University of Teaching Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia.

Degree: 2014, University of Zimbabwe

URL: http://dspace.unza.zm/handle/123456789/3546

► Introduction: Durability of the first highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) regimen is a major key to long term access, scalability and sustainability of an HIV… (more)

▼ Introduction: Durability of the first highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) regimen is a major key to long term access, scalability and sustainability of an HIV treatment program. It is important to know the incidence rate of initial HAART regimen change, the reasons and factors associated with change of the initial HAART regimen in Zambia. This study was designed to determine the incidence rate and factors associated with change of initial HAART regimen at the University Teaching Hospital (UTH) from 1st January 2008 to 31st December 2011.Methodology: This research was a hospital based retrospective cohort study of adult HIV/AIDS patients who were initiated on HAART from 1st January 2008 to 31st December 2011 at UTH adult outpatients ART clinic. Medical charts were reviewed for demographic information, change or no change of initial HAART regimen, type of initial HAART regimen, date of initiation, date of change, and reasons or factors of change. The incidence rate of change of initial HAART regimen was calculated. We assessed characteristics of patients who changed their initial HAART regimen and reasons for change. Cox proportional hazard models were performed to analyze factors associated with change of initial HAART regimen. Results: Incidence rate of change and factors associated with change of initial HAART regimen was obtained from 341 medical charts. 154/341 (45.2%) of patients had their initial HAART regimen changed. The incidence rate of change was 17.5 per 100 person-years. The proportion of change due to treatment failure was 1.8%. The most common reasons for change of initial HAART regimen were drug unavailability (stocks out and drugs cost) 46.1%, non-adherence 19% and renal toxicity 5.2%. The type of initial HAART regimen was significantly associated with change of initial HAART regimen.Conclusions:It is important to evaluate reason-specific trends in the incidence of change of initial HAART regimen in order to better understand the determinants of changes. Given the findings that drug unavailability was responsible for nearly half of all changes of initial HAART regimens, better health systems need to be implemented to ensure steady supply of drugs to patients. Also there is a need for research that helps to develop better screening modalities for renal toxicity, considering that tenofovir is part of the recommended first line regimen in Zambia.

Subjects/Keywords: AIDS(Disease); HIV/Infectious; HIV Infections-Drug therapy-Zambia; Antiretroviral therapy highly active-Zambia

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Habimana, R. (2014). Incidence and determinants of change of initial HAART regimen among outpatient HIV infected adults at the University of Teaching Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia. (Thesis). University of Zimbabwe. Retrieved from http://dspace.unza.zm/handle/123456789/3546

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Habimana, Rusumba. “Incidence and determinants of change of initial HAART regimen among outpatient HIV infected adults at the University of Teaching Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia.” 2014. Thesis, University of Zimbabwe. Accessed January 24, 2021. http://dspace.unza.zm/handle/123456789/3546.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Habimana, Rusumba. “Incidence and determinants of change of initial HAART regimen among outpatient HIV infected adults at the University of Teaching Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia.” 2014. Web. 24 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Habimana R. Incidence and determinants of change of initial HAART regimen among outpatient HIV infected adults at the University of Teaching Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Zimbabwe; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 24]. Available from: http://dspace.unza.zm/handle/123456789/3546.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Habimana R. Incidence and determinants of change of initial HAART regimen among outpatient HIV infected adults at the University of Teaching Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia. [Thesis]. University of Zimbabwe; 2014. Available from: http://dspace.unza.zm/handle/123456789/3546

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Zambia

13. Chisenga, Cleopatra Caroline. The effects of nutrient supplementation on CD4 T Cell subsets in Zambian adults .

Degree: 2015, University of Zambia

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/4194

► Background: Although human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is characterized by the progressive depletion of CD4+ T cells, information on the prognostic value of T cell… (more)

▼ Background: Although human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is characterized by the progressive depletion of CD4+ T cells, information on the prognostic value of T cell subsets and their response to nutritional intervention is scarce. Objective: To estimate the prognostic value of T-cell subsets in Zambian patients initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART), to assess the impact of nutritional interventions on T-cell subsets in in vitro and in vivo and to establish the pattern of T-cell distribution in a healthy population. Methods: Five studies were conducted that is, cross-section (HIV-negative adults), retrospective (NUSTART HIV-infected adults), randomised double blind (NUSTART HIV-infected adults), case-control (HIV-infected and HIV-negative adults) and the in vitro selenium dose response study (HIV-negative adults) between April 2013 and May 2015. Immunophenotyping was undertaken to characterize T-cell subsets using the markers CD3, CD4, CD8, CD45RA, CCR7, CD28, CD57, CD31, 47, Ki67, CD25 and HLA-DR. Results: In the cross section study of 51 healthy adults, the majority of the CD4+ T- cells were naïve and least being cells expressing proliferating marker (Ki67). Retrospective results for the 267 records reviewed showed that there was a significant increase in total CD4 count at p<0.0001 from baseline to twelve weeks of receiving ART plus nutritional support. For the randomised double blind study, among 181 adults enrolled, 36 (20%) died by 12 weeks after starting ART. In univariate analysis, patients who died had fewer proliferating, more naïve and fewer gut homing CD4+ T-cells compared to survivors; and more senescent and fewer proliferating CD8+ T-cells. In a multivariate Cox regression model high naïve CD4+, low proliferating CD4+, high senescent CD8+ and low proliferating CD8+ subsets were independently associated with increased risk of death. Recent CD4+ thymic emigrants increased less between recruitment and 12 weeks of ART in the intervention group compared to the control group. Case-control results for 50 healthy adults and 50 HIV-infected adults receiving ART treatment plus nutritional intervention for three months showed that by three months T-cells were not comparable to the healthy population. And lastly, in the in vitro selenium dose response study, most of CD4 and CD8 T cell subsets showed significant response to selenium. These results mean that selenium might have transcriptional effects. Conclusions: Although we found that high naïve CD4+ and high senescent CD8+ T cells were not protective against early mortality in HIV-infected adults, most of the T cells in the healthy population equally were naïve. Thus, measuring specific CD4+ T-cell subsets should be considered for prognostic significance in patients initiating ART in Zambia. Furthermore, although there was some good response in the in vitro study, only thymic output responded to this nutritional intervention.

Subjects/Keywords: Antiretroviral therapy-highly active-Zambia; AIDS(Disease); CD4 T-cells; Nutrient Supplements

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Chisenga, C. C. (2015). The effects of nutrient supplementation on CD4 T Cell subsets in Zambian adults . (Thesis). University of Zambia. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/4194

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Chisenga, Cleopatra Caroline. “The effects of nutrient supplementation on CD4 T Cell subsets in Zambian adults .” 2015. Thesis, University of Zambia. Accessed January 24, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/4194.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Chisenga, Cleopatra Caroline. “The effects of nutrient supplementation on CD4 T Cell subsets in Zambian adults .” 2015. Web. 24 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Chisenga CC. The effects of nutrient supplementation on CD4 T Cell subsets in Zambian adults . [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Zambia; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 24]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/4194.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Chisenga CC. The effects of nutrient supplementation on CD4 T Cell subsets in Zambian adults . [Thesis]. University of Zambia; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/4194

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Drexel University

14. Emuren, Leonard. Health-Related Quality of Life in the Era of Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy in a United States’ Military Cohort of Individuals Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus.

Degree: 2015, Drexel University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1860/idea:7329

►

With the introduction of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART), infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has evolved from being a progressive fatal illness to a… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Epidemiology; Public health; Quality of life; Highly active antiretroviral therapy; HIV (Viruses)

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APA (6^th Edition):

Emuren, L. (2015). Health-Related Quality of Life in the Era of Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy in a United States’ Military Cohort of Individuals Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus. (Thesis). Drexel University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1860/idea:7329

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Emuren, Leonard. “Health-Related Quality of Life in the Era of Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy in a United States’ Military Cohort of Individuals Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus.” 2015. Thesis, Drexel University. Accessed January 24, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1860/idea:7329.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Emuren, Leonard. “Health-Related Quality of Life in the Era of Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy in a United States’ Military Cohort of Individuals Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus.” 2015. Web. 24 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Emuren L. Health-Related Quality of Life in the Era of Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy in a United States’ Military Cohort of Individuals Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus. [Internet] [Thesis]. Drexel University; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 24]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1860/idea:7329.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Emuren L. Health-Related Quality of Life in the Era of Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy in a United States’ Military Cohort of Individuals Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus. [Thesis]. Drexel University; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1860/idea:7329

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Drexel University

15. Eustache, Sabine. Examining The Interactive Effect Of Perceived Stigma, HIV Disclosure And Social Support On Long-Term HAART Adherence Among Recently-Sober HIV-Positive Women.

Degree: 2012, Drexel University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1860/4333

► The discovery of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is one of the most remarkable scientific advances in the 30-year history of the HIV epidemic. HAART… (more)

▼ The discovery of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is one of the most remarkable scientific advances in the 30-year history of the HIV epidemic. HAART effectively suppresses viral load and increases CD4 count, delaying the clinical progression of HIV disease, reducing HIV-related morbidity and mortality and minimizing the risk of drug resistance. The benefits of HAART, however, are dependent on strict medication adherence. Unfortunately, many adults living with HIV do not adequately adhere to their medication regimen. Estimates of average rates of nonadherence range from 50% to 70%. This rate is even poorer among drug users. Understanding the relationships between perceived stigma, HIV disclosure, and social support are crucial to facilitating HAART adherence, and ultimately, the clinical stabilization of HIV disease. Researchers have examined the relationships between HAART adherence and stigma, HAART adherence and HIV disclosure and HAART adherence and social support, largely using cross-sectional designs. Little is known about the effects of perceived stigma, HIV disclosure and social support on long-term HAART adherence. Even less is known about the interactive effects of these constructs. The purpose of this dissertation was to learn how perceived stigma, HIV disclosure, and social support operate together to impact long-term HAART adherence and HIV biological markers among women with a history of drug abuse. This dissertation was a secondary analysis of Structural Ecosystemic Therapy for Adherence (SETA), a 4-month randomized controlled intervention study designed to improve HAART adherence and reduce drug abuse relapse and HIV transmission risk behaviors among recently sober HIV-positive women. The study analyzed quantitative data from 171 predominately African American women. The central hypothesis of this study was that HIV disclosure moderates the relationships between perceived stigma and HAART adherence and social support and HAART adherence among HIV-positive women with a history of drug abuse. The study found HIV disclosure was unassociated with HAART adherence, viral load and CD4 count. Consistent with the study’s hypotheses, higher HIV stigma concerns were associated with nonadherence to HAART therapy and disease severity as defined by viral load and CD4 count. The study also found social support had both positive and negative effects on HAART adherence, viral load and CD4 count, depending on the domain of support. Tests of interactions revealed significant interactions between the study variables. The relationship between perceived stigma and long-term HAART adherence varied by disclosure. Similarly, the relationship between perceived stigma and HAART adherence varied by social support and the association between disclosure and CD4 count varied by perceived stigma. Adverse effects of perceived stigma highlights the need for continued culturally-sensitive education and training about HIV and AIDS. The research findings also suggest that public health practitioners and medical providers… Advisors/Committee Members: Ulmer, Lisa.

Subjects/Keywords: Public Health; HIV-positive persons; HIV-positive women; Highly active antiretroviral therapy

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APA (6^th Edition):

Eustache, S. (2012). Examining The Interactive Effect Of Perceived Stigma, HIV Disclosure And Social Support On Long-Term HAART Adherence Among Recently-Sober HIV-Positive Women. (Thesis). Drexel University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1860/4333

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Eustache, Sabine. “Examining The Interactive Effect Of Perceived Stigma, HIV Disclosure And Social Support On Long-Term HAART Adherence Among Recently-Sober HIV-Positive Women.” 2012. Thesis, Drexel University. Accessed January 24, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1860/4333.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Eustache, Sabine. “Examining The Interactive Effect Of Perceived Stigma, HIV Disclosure And Social Support On Long-Term HAART Adherence Among Recently-Sober HIV-Positive Women.” 2012. Web. 24 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Eustache S. Examining The Interactive Effect Of Perceived Stigma, HIV Disclosure And Social Support On Long-Term HAART Adherence Among Recently-Sober HIV-Positive Women. [Internet] [Thesis]. Drexel University; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 24]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1860/4333.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Eustache S. Examining The Interactive Effect Of Perceived Stigma, HIV Disclosure And Social Support On Long-Term HAART Adherence Among Recently-Sober HIV-Positive Women. [Thesis]. Drexel University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1860/4333

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

16. Rajesh R. The study of pharmacovigilance of highly active antiretroviral therapy in human immunodeficiency virus positive patients;.

Degree: Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2013, Manipal University

URL: http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/13064

►

The current study involves Pharmacovigilance of Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive patients at the Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) Centre, District… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Pharmaceutical Sciences; Highly active antiretroviral therapy; Adverse drug reaction; Human Immunodeficiency virus

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APA (6^th Edition):

R, R. (2013). The study of pharmacovigilance of highly active antiretroviral therapy in human immunodeficiency virus positive patients;. (Thesis). Manipal University. Retrieved from http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/13064

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

R, Rajesh. “The study of pharmacovigilance of highly active antiretroviral therapy in human immunodeficiency virus positive patients;.” 2013. Thesis, Manipal University. Accessed January 24, 2021. http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/13064.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

R, Rajesh. “The study of pharmacovigilance of highly active antiretroviral therapy in human immunodeficiency virus positive patients;.” 2013. Web. 24 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

R R. The study of pharmacovigilance of highly active antiretroviral therapy in human immunodeficiency virus positive patients;. [Internet] [Thesis]. Manipal University; 2013. [cited 2021 Jan 24]. Available from: http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/13064.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

R R. The study of pharmacovigilance of highly active antiretroviral therapy in human immunodeficiency virus positive patients;. [Thesis]. Manipal University; 2013. Available from: http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/13064

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Stellenbosch University

17. Fouche, Carike. Breastmilk composition of HIV-infected mothers receiving antiretroviral therapy who gave birth to premature infants.

Degree: MNutr, Global Health, 2016, Stellenbosch University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/98323

► ENGLISH SUMMARY : Background: The incidence of premature birth is rising in Southern Africa. Premature birth is associated with, among other, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infection… (more)

▼ ENGLISH SUMMARY : Background: The incidence of premature birth is rising in Southern Africa. Premature birth is associated with, among other, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infection during pregnancy. Women with HIV, chronic malnutrition and obesity are more likely to give birth to premature infants with intra-uterine growth restriction (IUGR). Providing the HIV-exposed premature infant with breastmilk accompanied by maternal and infantile anti-retroviral therapy (ART) are key strategies to reduce HIV mother-to-child-transmission (MTCT), and infant morbidity and - mortality. Recent literature showed a difference in the breastmilk composition of HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected mothers. The effects of HIV infection and ART on the breastmilk composition of mothers of premature infants are, however, largely unknown. Aims and Objectives: The main aim of the study was to assess and compare the breastmilk composition of HIV-infected mothers receiving ART and HIV-uninfected mothers who gave birth to premature infants. Secondary objectives of the study were to assess the maternal nutritional status of HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected mothers as well as to assess the neonatal nutritional status of premature infants in relation to maternal nutritional status, HIV status and ART regimen. Participants and Methods: The study was designed as a cross-sectional, descriptive study with an analytical component. Study participants included HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected mothers who gave birth to premature infants. The women were subdivided into four groups according to HIV-status and the length of gestation. Mothers provided demographic information and two breastmilk samples on day seven and nine of lactation. Maternal anthropometric data [weight, height and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC)] were collected on day seven postpartum. Infant anthropometric data [weight, length and head circumference (HC)] were obtained at birth and length and HC data were obtained once more on day seven postpartum. Breastmilk samples were analysed for energy, protein, carbohydrates, fat, phosphate, iron, zinc and copper. Results: The study population consisted of 38 HIV-infected women receiving ART and 36 HIV-uninfected women who gave birth to premature infants. Protein (1.95 vs. 1.78 g/100g; p=0.04), fat (4.42 vs. 3.49 g/100g; p=0.01) and copper (0.64 vs. 0.56 mg/l; p=0.02) in breastmilk samples were higher while carbohydrate (5.37 vs. 6.67 g/100g; p=0.002) and zinc (5.26 vs. 5.78 mg/l; p=0.04) were lower in HIV-infected women compared to HIV-uninfected women. Zinc levels were significantly lower in HIV-infected women with early gestation infants, with lowest levels in women who received ≤4 weeks ART (0.58mg/l; p=0.03). Total energy (78.22 vs. 61.48 kCal/100ml) and fat (5.39 vs. 3.00g/100ml) levels were significantly higher in late gestational HIV-infected women who received <4 weeks ART. Copper levels (0.61mg/l) were higher in late gestation women who received 4-20 weeks ART exposure (p=0.05). The variances in nutritive values in these milk… Advisors/Committee Members: Van Niekerk, Evette, Du Plessis, Lisanne Monica, Delport, Suzanne Dirkie, Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Dept. of Global Health. Human Nutrition..

Subjects/Keywords: Breast milk; Premature infants – Nutrition; HIV-positive women; Highly active antiretroviral therapy; UCTD

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Fouche, C. (2016). Breastmilk composition of HIV-infected mothers receiving antiretroviral therapy who gave birth to premature infants. (Thesis). Stellenbosch University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/98323

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Fouche, Carike. “Breastmilk composition of HIV-infected mothers receiving antiretroviral therapy who gave birth to premature infants.” 2016. Thesis, Stellenbosch University. Accessed January 24, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/98323.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Fouche, Carike. “Breastmilk composition of HIV-infected mothers receiving antiretroviral therapy who gave birth to premature infants.” 2016. Web. 24 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Fouche C. Breastmilk composition of HIV-infected mothers receiving antiretroviral therapy who gave birth to premature infants. [Internet] [Thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 24]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/98323.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Fouche C. Breastmilk composition of HIV-infected mothers receiving antiretroviral therapy who gave birth to premature infants. [Thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/98323

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Stellenbosch University

18. Imran, Syed Ali. The reasons for changing HAART in HIV positive patients at the Thusong comprehensive care management and treatment site, West Rand district, Johannesburg, Gauteng.

Degree: MMed, Interdisciplinary Health Sciences, 2011, Stellenbosch University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97249

► Objective To determine the reasons for the change or modification in the first line HAART regimen (1a and 1b) in HIV positive patients at the… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: HIV positive persons – Treatment; Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART); Stavudine – Side effects; UCTD; UCTD

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APA (6^th Edition):

Imran, S. A. (2011). The reasons for changing HAART in HIV positive patients at the Thusong comprehensive care management and treatment site, West Rand district, Johannesburg, Gauteng. (Thesis). Stellenbosch University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97249

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Imran, Syed Ali. “The reasons for changing HAART in HIV positive patients at the Thusong comprehensive care management and treatment site, West Rand district, Johannesburg, Gauteng.” 2011. Thesis, Stellenbosch University. Accessed January 24, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97249.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Imran, Syed Ali. “The reasons for changing HAART in HIV positive patients at the Thusong comprehensive care management and treatment site, West Rand district, Johannesburg, Gauteng.” 2011. Web. 24 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Imran SA. The reasons for changing HAART in HIV positive patients at the Thusong comprehensive care management and treatment site, West Rand district, Johannesburg, Gauteng. [Internet] [Thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 24]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97249.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Imran SA. The reasons for changing HAART in HIV positive patients at the Thusong comprehensive care management and treatment site, West Rand district, Johannesburg, Gauteng. [Thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97249

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of KwaZulu-Natal

19. Anderson, Frank. Acute pancreatitis in a high HIV prevalence environment: analysis of prevalence, demographics, prognosticators and outcomes.

Degree: 2019, University of KwaZulu-Natal

URL: https://researchspace.ukzn.ac.za/handle/10413/18168

► Background It is unclear what is the true prevalence of HIV related acute pancreatitis and whether diagnostic and prognostic markers used in patients without HIV… (more)

▼ Background It is unclear what is the true prevalence of HIV related acute pancreatitis and whether diagnostic and prognostic markers used in patients without HIV infection are as effective in HIV related pancreatitis and if morbidity is worse in HIV infected patients. Methods Using a prospective, descriptive design, HIV prevalence was compared in trauma and acute pancreatitis patients. Serum amylase was used to diagnose acute pancreatitis. Prognostication was by CRP, BISAP, Glasgow and APACHE II scores at 24 hours. Sensitivity, specificity and AUC were compared in predicting a severe outcome in acute pancreatitis. Complications and mortality were compared in 238 HIV+ve and HIV-ve patients admitted to 2 regional hospitals in Durban between August 2013 and October 2015. One hundred and eighty one patients were admitted with trauma. Results Between August 2013 and October 2015, 238 patients were admitted with acute pancreatitis and 181 with trauma. HIV infection was higher in patients with acute pancreatitis (38% vs 16%) (p=0.001) and they were also older (40 vs 33 years) (p=0.001). Fifty three percent of HIV +ve patients were female and 65% of the HIV-ve patients were male in the pancreatitis cohort and 59% of the trauma and pancreatitis patients were on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy. The prevalence of gallstone (27% vs 30%), alcohol (41% vs 52%), dyslipidaemia (0% vs 3%) and idiopathic (6% vs 14%) aetiologies were similar in HIV+ve and HIV-ve patients and a drug related aetiology (24% vs 0%) (p<0.001) was more prevalent in HIV related acute pancreatitis. CRP was more effective in predicting severe disease in HIV-ve patients (AUC= 0.75) and patients with CD4 counts of ≥ 200 cells/mm3 (AUC=0.73) and not HIV+ve patients (AUC= 0.59) or patients with counts below 200 cells/mm3 (AUC= 0.46). The BISAP system had similar efficacy with AUC of 0,71 and 0.74 in HIV-ve and HIV+ve patients respectively, was poor in CD4 count < 200 cells/mm3 (AUC=0.68) and good in CD4 count> 200 cells/mm3 (AUC=0.9). The Glasgow score was of similar efficacy in HIV-ve (AUC = 0.72) and HIV+ve patients (AUC=0.78) and better in patients with CD4 count < 200 cells/mm3 (AUC=0.83) and CD4 count ≥ 200 cells/mm3 (AUC=0.81). The APACHE II had uniform efficacy in both HIV-ve and HIV+ve patients (AUC >0.8) and both CD4 count ranges (AUC > 0.80). Septic complications occurred in 10(8%) of HIV-ve patients and 4(4%) HIV+ve patients. There was no difference in morbidity (25% vs 33%) and mortality (6% vs 6%). Conclusions HIV infections is more prevalent in acute pancreatitis than in a hospital trauma cohort which represented the general population. The APACHE II system was the most accurate in predicting morbidity and CRP least accurate. The outcomes were similar in HIV+ve and HIV-ve patients but the statistical assumptions in calculating the sample size, given the low frequency of morbidity and mortality observed in this study may have resulted in an alpha error. Advisors/Committee Members: Thomson, Sandie Rutherford. (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Acute pancreatitis.; HIV infection.; HIV prevalence.; Aetiologies.; AIDS developed pancreatitis.; Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART).

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APA (6^th Edition):

Anderson, F. (2019). Acute pancreatitis in a high HIV prevalence environment: analysis of prevalence, demographics, prognosticators and outcomes. (Thesis). University of KwaZulu-Natal. Retrieved from https://researchspace.ukzn.ac.za/handle/10413/18168

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Anderson, Frank. “Acute pancreatitis in a high HIV prevalence environment: analysis of prevalence, demographics, prognosticators and outcomes.” 2019. Thesis, University of KwaZulu-Natal. Accessed January 24, 2021. https://researchspace.ukzn.ac.za/handle/10413/18168.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Anderson, Frank. “Acute pancreatitis in a high HIV prevalence environment: analysis of prevalence, demographics, prognosticators and outcomes.” 2019. Web. 24 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Anderson F. Acute pancreatitis in a high HIV prevalence environment: analysis of prevalence, demographics, prognosticators and outcomes. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of KwaZulu-Natal; 2019. [cited 2021 Jan 24]. Available from: https://researchspace.ukzn.ac.za/handle/10413/18168.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Anderson F. Acute pancreatitis in a high HIV prevalence environment: analysis of prevalence, demographics, prognosticators and outcomes. [Thesis]. University of KwaZulu-Natal; 2019. Available from: https://researchspace.ukzn.ac.za/handle/10413/18168

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University

20. [No author]. Factors contributing to paediatric HIV diclosure by caregivers.

Degree: Faculty of Health Sciences, 2016, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/13359

► Due to the increasing availability of ART (antiretroviral therapy),HIV is starting to be seen as a chronic disease. This has several effects on families, one… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: HIV-positive children – Care – South Africa.; Caregivers – South Africa – Eastern Cape.; Highly active antiretroviral therapy

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APA (6^th Edition):

author], [. (2016). Factors contributing to paediatric HIV diclosure by caregivers. (Thesis). Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10948/13359

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

author], [No. “Factors contributing to paediatric HIV diclosure by caregivers.” 2016. Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University. Accessed January 24, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/13359.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

author], [No. “Factors contributing to paediatric HIV diclosure by caregivers.” 2016. Web. 24 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

author] [. Factors contributing to paediatric HIV diclosure by caregivers. [Internet] [Thesis]. Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 24]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/13359.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

author] [. Factors contributing to paediatric HIV diclosure by caregivers. [Thesis]. Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/13359

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of the Western Cape

21. Tincho, Marius Belmondo. In-silico optimization and molecular validation of putative anti-HIV antimicrobial peptides for therapeutic purpose .

Degree: 2016, University of the Western Cape

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5656

► AIDS is considered a pandemic causing millions of deaths worldwide and a cure for this disease is still not available. Failure to implement early treatments… (more)

▼ AIDS is considered a pandemic causing millions of deaths worldwide and a cure for this disease is still not available. Failure to implement early treatments due to the poor diagnostic methods and ineffective therapeutic regimens to treat HIV patients to achieve complete viral eradication from the human body has encouraged the escalation of this disease at an exponential rate. Though the current treatment regimens (High Active Antiretroviral Therapy) have aided in increasing the lifespan of HIV patients, it still suffers from some shortcomings such as adverse side effects and non-eradication of the virus. Thus, there is a need for a non-toxic therapeutic regimen to stop further infection of HIV-infected patients. Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs) are naturally occurring peptides which are components of the first line of defence of many organisms against infections and have been proven to be promising therapeutic agents against HIV. The use of AMPs as anti-microbial agents is due to the fact that most AMPs have a net positive charge and are mostly hydrophobic molecules. These features allow AMPs to be site directed electro-statistically to the mostly negatively charged pathogens. In a previous study, a number of novel anti-HIV AMPs was identified using a predictive algorithm Profile Hidden Markov Models (HMMER). The AMP's threedimensional structures were predicted using an in-silico modelling tool I-TASSER and an insilico protein-peptide interaction study of the AMPs to HIV protein gp120 was performed using PatchDock. Five AMPs were identified to bind gp120, at the site where gp120 interacts with CD4 to prevent HIV invasion and HIV replication. Therefore, the aims of this research were to perform in-silico site-directed mutation on the parental anti-HIV AMPs to increase their binding affinity to the gp120 protein, validate the anti-HIV activity of these peptides and confirm the exclusivity of this activity by testing possible anti-bacterial and anti-cancer activities of the AMPs. Firstly, the five parental anti-HIV AMPs were used to generate mutated AMPs through insilico site-directed mutagenesis. The AMPs 3-D structures were determined using I-TASSER and the modelled AMPs were docked against the HIV protein gp120 using PatchDock. Secondly, an "in house" Lateral Flow Device (LFD) tool developed by our industrial partner, Medical Diagnostech (Pty) Ltd, was utilised to confirm the in-silico docking results. Furthermore, the ability of these AMPs to inhibit HIV-1 replication was demonstrated and additional biological activities of the peptides were shown on bacteria and cancer cell lines. In an effort to identify AMPs with increased binding affinity, the in-silico results showed that two mutated AMPs Molecule 1.1 and Molecule 8.1 bind gp120 with high affinity, at the point where gp120 bind with CD4. The molecular binding however showed that only Molecule 3 and Molecule 7 could prevent the interaction of gp120 protein and CD4 surface protein of human cells, in a competitive binding assay. Additionally, the testing of… Advisors/Committee Members: Pretorius, A (advisor), Meyer, M (advisor), Morris, T (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords:

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Tincho, M. B. (2016). In-silico optimization and molecular validation of putative anti-HIV antimicrobial peptides for therapeutic purpose . (Thesis). University of the Western Cape. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5656

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Tincho, Marius Belmondo. “In-silico optimization and molecular validation of putative anti-HIV antimicrobial peptides for therapeutic purpose .” 2016. Thesis, University of the Western Cape. Accessed January 24, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5656.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Tincho, Marius Belmondo. “In-silico optimization and molecular validation of putative anti-HIV antimicrobial peptides for therapeutic purpose .” 2016. Web. 24 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Tincho MB. In-silico optimization and molecular validation of putative anti-HIV antimicrobial peptides for therapeutic purpose . [Internet] [Thesis]. University of the Western Cape; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 24]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5656.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Tincho MB. In-silico optimization and molecular validation of putative anti-HIV antimicrobial peptides for therapeutic purpose . [Thesis]. University of the Western Cape; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5656

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of KwaZulu-Natal

22. Khumalo, Phumzile. Minority HIV-1 drug resistance mutations in patients failing highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).

Degree: 2014, University of KwaZulu-Natal

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10413/14606

Abstract not available. Advisors/Committee Members: Gordon, Michelle Lucille. (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Virology.; Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)

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APA (6^th Edition):

Khumalo, P. (2014). Minority HIV-1 drug resistance mutations in patients failing highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). (Thesis). University of KwaZulu-Natal. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10413/14606

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Khumalo, Phumzile. “Minority HIV-1 drug resistance mutations in patients failing highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).” 2014. Thesis, University of KwaZulu-Natal. Accessed January 24, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/14606.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Khumalo, Phumzile. “Minority HIV-1 drug resistance mutations in patients failing highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).” 2014. Web. 24 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Khumalo P. Minority HIV-1 drug resistance mutations in patients failing highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). [Internet] [Thesis]. University of KwaZulu-Natal; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 24]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10413/14606.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Khumalo P. Minority HIV-1 drug resistance mutations in patients failing highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). [Thesis]. University of KwaZulu-Natal; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10413/14606

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of KwaZulu-Natal

23. Montgomery, Stephane. Comparison of virological responses of children commenced on an abacavir versus stavudine based antiretroviral regimen at King Edward VIII Hospital : Durban.

Degree: 2016, University of KwaZulu-Natal

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10413/15369

► Background: UNAIDS estimated that in 2014 just over 160 000 children in South Africa were receiving HAART, accounting for 20% of the global HAART cohort.… (more)

▼ Background: UNAIDS estimated that in 2014 just over 160 000 children in South Africa were receiving HAART, accounting for 20% of the global HAART cohort. Finding the appropriate HAART regimen that is safe, well tolerated and efficacious is of extreme importance in ensuring continued and ongoing success of the Paediatric HAART program. In 2010 the World Health Organisation, due to concerns of short and long term stavudine toxicity changed the recommendation regarding first-line HAART regimen from a stavudine based regimen. In South Africa, an abacavir based regimen was chosen as the preferred background regimen. However questions have been raised as to whether this change has replaced the safety concerns associated with stavudine with a less efficacious regimen. Method: A Retrospective chart review was conducted to evaluate the virological responses at 6 and 12 months in a cohort of children initiated on an abacavir based regimen at King Edward VIII hospital between January 2012 – December 2012. Data of 94 children under the age of 12 years who were initiated on abacavir and lamivudine with either lopinavir/ritonavir or efavirenz regimen (abacavir cohort) were analysed using Fisher’s exact test and logistical regression to evaluate virological suppression at 12 months. The data was compared to a prior retrospective chart review conducted between 2004 – 2010 at King Edward VIII Hospital during which a stavudine and lamivudine with either Lopinavir/ritonavir or efavirenz (stavudine cohort) was the standard of care. Results: In both the abacavir cohort and stavudine cohort there was no difference in gender distribution and the mean age of initiation was 6years. In the abacavir cohort, 62,8% were initiated on ABC/3TC/EFV and 37,2% on ABC/3TC/KAL. 88,4% were initiated on D4T/3TC/EFV and 11,6% were initiated on D4T/3TC/KAL in the stavudine cohort. The virological suppression rate in the abacavir cohort was 80.7% compared to 85.2% in the stavudine cohort, which was not a significant difference (p= 0,38:). In the abacavir cohort there was no statistical significant difference in virological suppression between patients on efavirenz versus lopinavir/ritonavir (p= 0.427:). Conclusion: This study demonstrates that children treated with an abacavir based regimen have a good probability of virological suppression, and there was no statistical difference between patients initiating an abacavir-based regimen versus a stavudine based regimen. These findings are in keeping with data from several clinical trials and support the WHO recommendation of an abacavir-based regimen for infants and children initiating antiretroviral treatment. Advisors/Committee Members: Archary, M. (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: HAART- highly active antiretroviral therapy.; Abacavir.; HIV/AIDS.; PMTCT- prevention of mother to child transmission.

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Montgomery, S. (2016). Comparison of virological responses of children commenced on an abacavir versus stavudine based antiretroviral regimen at King Edward VIII Hospital : Durban. (Thesis). University of KwaZulu-Natal. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10413/15369

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Montgomery, Stephane. “Comparison of virological responses of children commenced on an abacavir versus stavudine based antiretroviral regimen at King Edward VIII Hospital : Durban.” 2016. Thesis, University of KwaZulu-Natal. Accessed January 24, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/15369.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Montgomery, Stephane. “Comparison of virological responses of children commenced on an abacavir versus stavudine based antiretroviral regimen at King Edward VIII Hospital : Durban.” 2016. Web. 24 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Montgomery S. Comparison of virological responses of children commenced on an abacavir versus stavudine based antiretroviral regimen at King Edward VIII Hospital : Durban. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of KwaZulu-Natal; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 24]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10413/15369.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Montgomery S. Comparison of virological responses of children commenced on an abacavir versus stavudine based antiretroviral regimen at King Edward VIII Hospital : Durban. [Thesis]. University of KwaZulu-Natal; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10413/15369

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Baylor University

24. Cobb, Amanda J., 1979-. Development of dendritic cell-based vaccines for the treatment of HIV-infected patients.

Degree: PhD, Biomedical Studies., 2011, Baylor University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2104/8203

► Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells of the immune system with the ability to induce and control T and B cells responses. Monocytes have… (more)

▼ Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells of the immune system with the ability to induce and control T and B cells responses. Monocytes have been used as precursors to generate DC vaccines ex vivo. Monocyte-derived DCs have been used as vaccines in clinical trials to treat cancer and infectious disease by eliciting potent T cell responses. Infection with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) almost invariably leads to a chronic disease. Eventually the destruction of the immune system culminates into Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Since the advent of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART), HIV patients have been able to control viral levels. However, with prolonged use of treatment, these patients experience serious adverse effects such as liver and mitochondrial toxicity that can potentially become fatal. Long-Term Non-Progressors (LTNP) are a unique subpopulation of HIV patients that are able to control their viral load without HAART. Studies revealed HIV-specific polyfunctional CD8⁺ T cells to be vital for viral control. Thus, we have focused our efforts on devising therapeutic HIV DC vaccines to increase the quality of CD8⁺ T cell responses in chronic HIV infected patients. First, we conducted a series of preclinical development assays of GM-CSF/IFN-α and GM-CSF/IL-15 HIV DC vaccines loaded with a mixture of HIV-1-antigen lipopeptides (ANRS HIV-LIPO-5 vaccine), which is comprised of five HIV-1-antigen peptides (Gag₁₇₋₃₅, Gag₂₅₃₋₂₈₄, Nef₆₆₋₉₇, Nef₁₁₆₋₁₄₅, and Pol₃₂₅₋₃₅₅) each covalently linked to a palmitoyl-lysylamide moiety, and activated with LPS. Functional assays demonstrated that the DC vaccines expressed DC differentiation markers and displayed typical morphology which included the presence of dendrites important for cellular interaction. Potency assays proved the DC vaccines were capable of eliciting HIV-1-antigen-specific CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cell responses. Our studies have demonstrated the use of DC vaccines in eliciting HIV-specific CD8⁺ T cells responses in vitro. Furthermore, the pre-clinical development of the GM-CSF/IFN-α DC vaccine activated with LPS led to the evaluation of safety and immunogenicity in a Phase I/II clinical trial in chronically HIV-1-infected patients on HAART (clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT00796770). Advisors/Committee Members: Palucka, Karolina, 1959- (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Dendritic cell-based vaccines.; HIV patients.; Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV); Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART)

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Cobb, Amanda J., 1. (2011). Development of dendritic cell-based vaccines for the treatment of HIV-infected patients. (Doctoral Dissertation). Baylor University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2104/8203

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Cobb, Amanda J., 1979-. “Development of dendritic cell-based vaccines for the treatment of HIV-infected patients.” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, Baylor University. Accessed January 24, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2104/8203.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Cobb, Amanda J., 1979-. “Development of dendritic cell-based vaccines for the treatment of HIV-infected patients.” 2011. Web. 24 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Cobb, Amanda J. 1. Development of dendritic cell-based vaccines for the treatment of HIV-infected patients. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Baylor University; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 24]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2104/8203.

Council of Science Editors:

Cobb, Amanda J. 1. Development of dendritic cell-based vaccines for the treatment of HIV-infected patients. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Baylor University; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2104/8203

Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University

25. Van der Meulen, Christine. Factors contributing to paediatric HIV diclosure by caregivers.

Degree: Faculty of Health Sciences, 2016, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/45514

► Due to the increasing availability of ART (antiretroviral therapy), HIV is starting to be seen as a chronic disease. This has several effects on families,… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: HIV-positive children – Care – South Africa; Caregivers – South Africa – Eastern Cape; Highly active antiretroviral therapy

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Van der Meulen, C. (2016). Factors contributing to paediatric HIV diclosure by caregivers. (Thesis). Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10948/45514

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Van der Meulen, Christine. “Factors contributing to paediatric HIV diclosure by caregivers.” 2016. Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University. Accessed January 24, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/45514.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Van der Meulen, Christine. “Factors contributing to paediatric HIV diclosure by caregivers.” 2016. Web. 24 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Van der Meulen C. Factors contributing to paediatric HIV diclosure by caregivers. [Internet] [Thesis]. Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 24]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/45514.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Van der Meulen C. Factors contributing to paediatric HIV diclosure by caregivers. [Thesis]. Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/45514

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

26. Kocher, Morgan Harris. Relationship between autonomic function and fitness level in an HIV-positive population.

Degree: 2016, University of Hawaii – Manoa

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10125/101203

►

M.S. University of Hawaii at Manoa 2012.

Autonomic dysfunction is a common co-morbidity of untreated [Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) naïve] human immunodeficiency virus (HW)… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART)

…in parasympathetic function. AUTONOMIC FUNCTION Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy… …Immunodeficiency Virus and AIDS are highly associated with cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction [4…

11 more images…

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Kocher, M. H. (2016). Relationship between autonomic function and fitness level in an HIV-positive population. (Thesis). University of Hawaii – Manoa. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10125/101203

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kocher, Morgan Harris. “Relationship between autonomic function and fitness level in an HIV-positive population.” 2016. Thesis, University of Hawaii – Manoa. Accessed January 24, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/101203.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kocher, Morgan Harris. “Relationship between autonomic function and fitness level in an HIV-positive population.” 2016. Web. 24 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Kocher MH. Relationship between autonomic function and fitness level in an HIV-positive population. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Hawaii – Manoa; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 24]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10125/101203.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Kocher MH. Relationship between autonomic function and fitness level in an HIV-positive population. [Thesis]. University of Hawaii – Manoa; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10125/101203

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Pretoria

27. [No author]. The effects of combinations of a green tea extract and an active ingredient thereof, with standard antiretroviral drugs on SC-1 cells infected with the LP-BM5 virus .

Degree: 2009, University of Pretoria

URL: http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-01132009-092526/

► The introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has resulted in a significant decrease in the mortality and morbidity associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome… (more)

▼ The introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has resulted in a significant decrease in the mortality and morbidity associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Several problems are associated with HAART and include high costs of treatments, poor availability of drugs in low-income countries, poor compliance, severe adverse effects and drug resistance. Therefore, the focus of current research is the development of new antiretroviral drugs, improved treatment strategies and the discovery of new drugs derived from plants. Green tea (GT) and its active constituent epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg) have been found to be protective against cancer, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases and were found also to have antimicrobial, antimalarial and more importantly antiviral activity. EGCg, in vitro has been shown to inhibit the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) viral enzymes reverse transcriptase and protease, destroy viral particles and interfere with the attachment of gp120 to cellular receptor CD4. The aims of this study were firstly to investigate the in vitro antiretroviral activity of GT and EGCg on the LP-BM5 defective murine leukemia virus (MuLV) that induces a disease in C57BL/6 mice similar to AIDS in humans and secondly to investigate the effects of GT and EGCg on the in vitro cytotoxicity and antiretroviral activity of current antiretroviral drugs zidovudine (AZT), indinavir (IDV), hydroxyurea (HU) and chloroquine (CQ). To achieve the above aims an in vitro model that represents cell-to-cell spreading of the LP-BM5 MuLV was developed. Firstly the presence of the LP-BM5-defective virus in the BM5 cell line was confirmed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to identify viral particles, PCR and RT-PCR were used to determine the presence of viral DNA and RNA respectively and viral infectivity was confirmed in C57BL/10 mice. The cytotoxicity of each drug and combination was evaluated with the MTT assay in the SC-1 cell line, the predominant cell type in the in vitro cell culture model. GT was the least cytotoxic, followed by AZT, IDV, EGCg, HU and CQ. Co-cultures (BM5:SC-1, 1:10000) that represented cell-to-cell transmission of the virus were established. Real time PCR for proviral DNA revealed that IDV, AZT and HU completely suppressed, CQ dose dependently reduced while GT and EGCg had no effect on viral transmission. Findings using AZT and IDV thus validated the use of this in vitro co-culture model for first line screening of new drugs and plant extracts. The effect of GT or EGCg in combination with AZT, IDV, HU or CQ was also evaluated as GT or EGCg could enhance the antiretroviral effects or decrease cellular toxicity of these drugs. For GT with AZT a mix of synergism and antagonism on cell toxicity was observed with little to no effect on the antiretroviral activity of AZT. Antagonism on cell toxicity was observed for GT with IDV, with no effect on the antiretroviral activity of IDV. In contrast EGCg significantly reduced the antiretroviral activity of IDV. A… Advisors/Committee Members: Bester, Megan J (advisor), Apostolides, Zeno (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART); Antiretroviral drugs; Cells; Green tea; Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS); UCTD

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

author], [. (2009). The effects of combinations of a green tea extract and an active ingredient thereof, with standard antiretroviral drugs on SC-1 cells infected with the LP-BM5 virus . (Masters Thesis). University of Pretoria. Retrieved from http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-01132009-092526/

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

author], [No. “The effects of combinations of a green tea extract and an active ingredient thereof, with standard antiretroviral drugs on SC-1 cells infected with the LP-BM5 virus .” 2009. Masters Thesis, University of Pretoria. Accessed January 24, 2021. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-01132009-092526/.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

author], [No. “The effects of combinations of a green tea extract and an active ingredient thereof, with standard antiretroviral drugs on SC-1 cells infected with the LP-BM5 virus .” 2009. Web. 24 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

author] [. The effects of combinations of a green tea extract and an active ingredient thereof, with standard antiretroviral drugs on SC-1 cells infected with the LP-BM5 virus . [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2009. [cited 2021 Jan 24]. Available from: http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-01132009-092526/.

Council of Science Editors:

author] [. The effects of combinations of a green tea extract and an active ingredient thereof, with standard antiretroviral drugs on SC-1 cells infected with the LP-BM5 virus . [Masters Thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2009. Available from: http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-01132009-092526/

University of Pretoria

28. Dias, Andreia Sofia Pires. The effects of combinations of a green tea extract and an active ingredient thereof, with standard antiretroviral drugs on SC-1 cells infected with the LP-BM5 virus.

Degree: Anatomy, 2009, University of Pretoria

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/23150

► The introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has resulted in a significant decrease in the mortality and morbidity associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome… (more)

▼ The introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has resulted in a significant decrease in the mortality and morbidity associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Several problems are associated with HAART and include high costs of treatments, poor availability of drugs in low-income countries, poor compliance, severe adverse effects and drug resistance. Therefore, the focus of current research is the development of new antiretroviral drugs, improved treatment strategies and the discovery of new drugs derived from plants. Green tea (GT) and its active constituent epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg) have been found to be protective against cancer, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases and were found also to have antimicrobial, antimalarial and more importantly antiviral activity. EGCg, in vitro has been shown to inhibit the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) viral enzymes reverse transcriptase and protease, destroy viral particles and interfere with the attachment of gp120 to cellular receptor CD4. The aims of this study were firstly to investigate the in vitro antiretroviral activity of GT and EGCg on the LP-BM5 defective murine leukemia virus (MuLV) that induces a disease in C57BL/6 mice similar to AIDS in humans and secondly to investigate the effects of GT and EGCg on the in vitro cytotoxicity and antiretroviral activity of current antiretroviral drugs zidovudine (AZT), indinavir (IDV), hydroxyurea (HU) and chloroquine (CQ). To achieve the above aims an in vitro model that represents cell-to-cell spreading of the LP-BM5 MuLV was developed. Firstly the presence of the LP-BM5-defective virus in the BM5 cell line was confirmed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to identify viral particles, PCR and RT-PCR were used to determine the presence of viral DNA and RNA respectively and viral infectivity was confirmed in C57BL/10 mice. The cytotoxicity of each drug and combination was evaluated with the MTT assay in the SC-1 cell line, the predominant cell type in the in vitro cell culture model. GT was the least cytotoxic, followed by AZT, IDV, EGCg, HU and CQ. Co-cultures (BM5:SC-1, 1:10000) that represented cell-to-cell transmission of the virus were established. Real time PCR for proviral DNA revealed that IDV, AZT and HU completely suppressed, CQ dose dependently reduced while GT and EGCg had no effect on viral transmission. Findings using AZT and IDV thus validated the use of this in vitro co-culture model for first line screening of new drugs and plant extracts. The effect of GT or EGCg in combination with AZT, IDV, HU or CQ was also evaluated as GT or EGCg could enhance the antiretroviral effects or decrease cellular toxicity of these drugs. For GT with AZT a mix of synergism and antagonism on cell toxicity was observed with little to no effect on the antiretroviral activity of AZT. Antagonism on cell toxicity was observed for GT with IDV, with no effect on the antiretroviral activity of IDV. In contrast EGCg significantly reduced the antiretroviral activity of IDV. A… Advisors/Committee Members: Bester, Megan J. (advisor), Apostolides, Zeno (coadvisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART); Antiretroviral drugs; Cells; Green tea; Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS); UCTD

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Dias, A. S. (2009). The effects of combinations of a green tea extract and an active ingredient thereof, with standard antiretroviral drugs on SC-1 cells infected with the LP-BM5 virus. (Masters Thesis). University of Pretoria. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2263/23150

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Dias, Andreia Sofia. “The effects of combinations of a green tea extract and an active ingredient thereof, with standard antiretroviral drugs on SC-1 cells infected with the LP-BM5 virus.” 2009. Masters Thesis, University of Pretoria. Accessed January 24, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/23150.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Dias, Andreia Sofia. “The effects of combinations of a green tea extract and an active ingredient thereof, with standard antiretroviral drugs on SC-1 cells infected with the LP-BM5 virus.” 2009. Web. 24 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Dias AS. The effects of combinations of a green tea extract and an active ingredient thereof, with standard antiretroviral drugs on SC-1 cells infected with the LP-BM5 virus. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2009. [cited 2021 Jan 24]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/23150.

Council of Science Editors:

Dias AS. The effects of combinations of a green tea extract and an active ingredient thereof, with standard antiretroviral drugs on SC-1 cells infected with the LP-BM5 virus. [Masters Thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2009. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/23150

Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University

29. Mulinge, Florence Muthoni. Identifying, recording and monitoring adverse effects associated with antriretroviral treatment.

Degree: Faculty of Health Sciences, 2010, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1491

► South Africa, with an estimated 5.7 million people living with HIV, continues to have one of the largest epidemics in the world. The introduction of… (more)

▼ South Africa, with an estimated 5.7 million people living with HIV, continues to have one of the largest epidemics in the world. The introduction of HAART resulted in prolonged and improved quality of life of many infected patients. However, adverse effects caused by these drugs have become a major concern as they affect the adherence of patients and in some cases even result in the death of patients. Although much research has been and is still being conducted in the area of understanding, preventing and management of ARV adverse effects, there is still a need for patients to be actively involved in self-monitoring for adverse effects. This will assist health care professionals in early identification of serious or potentially serious ARV effects. This study aimed at evaluating the usefulness of strategies developed and employed in the identification, recording and monitoring of adverse effects. The study was conducted with patients receiving HAART from a private HIV and AIDS clinic in Uitenhage, Eastern Cape, South Africa. The research project was approved by the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University Research and Ethics Committee and the research site. This was an experimental, randomized controlled study carried out over a period of three months (August to October 2009), with a sample size of 160 patients divided into four study groups of 40 patients each. Two monitoring strategies, namely an ARV adverse effect monitoring tool and a patient self-monitoring diary were developed and used for the identification and recording of adverse effects. The four study groups included a Control group, a Tool group, a Diary group and a Tool-Diary group. Willing patients, after signing an informed consent form, were randomly assigned to one of the four groups by participating health care workers at the study site. Data was retrieved from the patient files by the researcher. Descriptive statistical analysis of the findings of the study was conducted using SPSS®. One hundred and forty nine patients were included in the final data analysis. Of the 80 diaries handed out to patients, only 33 were returned and due to errors only 31 were suitable for analysis. Monitoring tools were completed and analysed for 36 patients. The tool was found to be more effective in identifying adverse effects of a physical nature (such as peripheral neuropathy and lipodystrophy) than the usual methods of monitoring employed by the clinic, whilst the diary, used alone, was found to be less effective. Use of the tool and diary combined resulted in the most significant identification and recording of central nervous system related adverse effects and physical adverse effects. However due to the low return rate of the diaries and the majority of the monitoring tool not being completed in many instances the results of this study may not be generalisable. The study results did however suggest that combining the tool and the diary methods of adverse effect identification, yielded the most favourable results when compared to each method alone. This may be…

Subjects/Keywords: Highly active antiretroviral therapy; Antiretroviral agents – South Africa – Uitenhage; HIV infections – Treatment – South Africa – Uitenhage; AIDS (Disease) – Treatment – South Africa – Uitenhage

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Mulinge, F. M. (2010). Identifying, recording and monitoring adverse effects associated with antriretroviral treatment. (Thesis). Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1491

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Mulinge, Florence Muthoni. “Identifying, recording and monitoring adverse effects associated with antriretroviral treatment.” 2010. Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University. Accessed January 24, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1491.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Mulinge, Florence Muthoni. “Identifying, recording and monitoring adverse effects associated with antriretroviral treatment.” 2010. Web. 24 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Mulinge FM. Identifying, recording and monitoring adverse effects associated with antriretroviral treatment. [Internet] [Thesis]. Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University; 2010. [cited 2021 Jan 24]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1491.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Mulinge FM. Identifying, recording and monitoring adverse effects associated with antriretroviral treatment. [Thesis]. Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University; 2010. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1491

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of KwaZulu-Natal

30. Offor, Ugochukwu. Renal histomorphological changes following highly active antiretroviral therapy : possible role of Hypoxis hemerocallidea in an experimental animal model.

Degree: Clinical anatomy, 2015, University of KwaZulu-Natal

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10413/14343

► Background: Nephrotoxicity has become an important public health problem following highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), and there is paucity of literature reporting the attenuating influence… (more)

▼ Background: Nephrotoxicity has become an important public health problem following highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), and there is paucity of literature reporting the attenuating influence of plant based adjuvants that can mitigate the effects. The study investigates the role Hypoxis hemerocallidea (H. hemerocallidea) extract following HAART in an experimental animal model. Materials and Method: Sixty- three adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were used for the study and were divided into 9 groups (A-I). Group A received HAART cocktail (Lamivudine, Stavudine & Nevirapine), Group B received HAART and H. hemerocallidea extract (100 mg/kgbw), Group C received HAART and H. hemerocallidea extract (200 mg/kgbw), Group D received HAART and vitamin C, Group E received HAART and vitamin E, Group F received HAART, vitamin C and vitamin E, Group G received H. hemerocallidea extract (100 mg/kgbw), Group H received H. hemerocallidea extract (200 mg/kgbw), and Group I received water as placebo. The experiment lasted for 56 days after which, the animals were sacrificed, the kidneys were harvested and prepared for haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) histological examination and blood samples were collected through cardiac puncture and centrifuged to get the serum for blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine analyses. Results: Kidney weight changes were not significant except for group A that recorded a significant increase (p<0.05) and group B that recorded lowest body weight when compared with the control. Organbody weight ratios were significantly higher in group A and group F (p<0.05). Adjuvant treatment with H. hemerocallidea (in groups B and C) with HAART resulted in increased organ-body ratio, but however not significant. Serum Creatinine (SCR) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels were statistically elevated in HAART-treated animals (p<0.05, 0.001). SCR levels in group D was significantly reduced (p<0.05) but however, significantly elevated in groups B, C, G and H (p<0.001). Groups B and C, as well as groups F and H resulted in higher BUN values (p<0.05). The histological appearance of group A was highly compromised. When treated concomitantly with H. hemerocallidea (at both dosages), no attenuating influence was seen. However, low dose of H. hemerocallidea showed improved histological layout as compared to the high dose. Co-administration of HAART and combined dose of vitamin C and E did not improve the histoarchitecture. Conclusion Adjuvant treatment with H. hemerocallidea extract did not attenuate the nephrotoxicity of HAART in this model. Advisors/Committee Members: Azu, O. O. (advisor), Naidu, E. C. S. (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Clinical anatomy.; Hypoxis hemerocallidea.; Renal histomorphological changes.; Antiretroviral therapy.; Kidney.; Histoarchitecture.; Hypoxis hemerocallidea.; Highly active antiretroviral drugs (HAART).

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APA (6^th Edition):

Offor, U. (2015). Renal histomorphological changes following highly active antiretroviral therapy : possible role of Hypoxis hemerocallidea in an experimental animal model. (Thesis). University of KwaZulu-Natal. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10413/14343

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Offor, Ugochukwu. “Renal histomorphological changes following highly active antiretroviral therapy : possible role of Hypoxis hemerocallidea in an experimental animal model.” 2015. Thesis, University of KwaZulu-Natal. Accessed January 24, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/14343.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Offor, Ugochukwu. “Renal histomorphological changes following highly active antiretroviral therapy : possible role of Hypoxis hemerocallidea in an experimental animal model.” 2015. Web. 24 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Offor U. Renal histomorphological changes following highly active antiretroviral therapy : possible role of Hypoxis hemerocallidea in an experimental animal model. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of KwaZulu-Natal; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 24]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10413/14343.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Offor U. Renal histomorphological changes following highly active antiretroviral therapy : possible role of Hypoxis hemerocallidea in an experimental animal model. [Thesis]. University of KwaZulu-Natal; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10413/14343

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

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