subject:(Antiretroviral agents Risk factors)

Columbia University

1. Philip, Neena M. Population-level HIV risk and combination implementation of HIV services.

Degree: 2020, Columbia University

URL: https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-c1zk-0j52

► Background: HIV transmission is greatly reduced when antiretroviral treatment (ART) suppresses an infected person’s HIV viral load. It is unclear, however, whether the contextual risk… (more)

▼ Background: HIV transmission is greatly reduced when antiretroviral treatment (ART) suppresses an infected person’s HIV viral load. It is unclear, however, whether the contextual risk of incident HIV is optimally reduced by widespread individual-level suppression of HIV viral load alone or in combination with other HIV prevention services. HIV service coverage and community norms can influence risk in small area geographies; and contextual factors, like gender inequality and stigma, may foster environments conducive to HIV transmission. Yet, the relationship between places with high HIV levels and the clustering of area risk factors is unknown. The goal of this dissertation is to learn if and how a geographically focused combination implementation strategy could reduce population-level HIV risk. Analyses explored whether small area risk profiles explain area differences in HIV. The guiding hypothesis is that in high HIV prevalence settings, low HIV service uptake in a geographically defined area increases the prevalence of high HIV viremia, leading to greater HIV transmission and incident HIV. Methods: A systematic review was conducted to examine the association between population-level measures of HIV viral load and incident HIV infection in generalized and concentrated epidemics. Publications were English, peer-reviewed articles published from January 1, 1995 through February 15, 2019 that explicitly defined HIV viral load and assessed outcomes of HIV recency, incidence, seroconversion, or new diagnosis. Studies sampled general or key populations through population-based surveillance registries, household-based enumeration, cluster sampling, or respondent driven sampling. Descriptive statistics summarized review findings. The Swaziland HIV Incidence Measurement Survey (SHIMS) data were used for the remaining analyses. Using a two-stage cluster-based design, a nationally representative, household-based sample of adults, ages 18-49 years was enrolled from December 2010 to June 2011 in Eswatini. Consenting adults completed an interview and received home-based rapid HIV testing and counseling. All seropositive samples were tested for HIV viral load using the COBAS AmpliPrep/Taqman HIV-1 Test, v 2.0. Adults testing HIV-seronegative were enrolled in a prospective cohort for the direct observation of HIV seroconversion, completing an interview and home-based rapid HIV testing six months later. Multi-level latent class modeling was performed to identify statistically significant combinations of HIV risk factors and to classify the combinations into small area risk profiles. In the cross-sectional sample, linear regression with robust standard errors assessed the correlation between area profiles and places with high levels of uncontrolled HIV infection, or HIV core areas, measured by the area prevalence of detectable virus (≥20 copies/milliliter) among HIV-positive adults and among all adults, regardless of HIV status. In the prospective cohort, generalized linear regression…

Subjects/Keywords: Epidemiology; HIV infections – Treatment; HIV infections – Epidemiology; Antiretroviral agents; HIV infections – Transmission; HIV infections – Risk factors

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APA (6^th Edition):

Philip, N. M. (2020). Population-level HIV risk and combination implementation of HIV services. (Doctoral Dissertation). Columbia University. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-c1zk-0j52

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Philip, Neena M. “Population-level HIV risk and combination implementation of HIV services.” 2020. Doctoral Dissertation, Columbia University. Accessed April 11, 2021. https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-c1zk-0j52.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Philip, Neena M. “Population-level HIV risk and combination implementation of HIV services.” 2020. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Philip NM. Population-level HIV risk and combination implementation of HIV services. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Columbia University; 2020. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-c1zk-0j52.

Council of Science Editors:

Philip NM. Population-level HIV risk and combination implementation of HIV services. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Columbia University; 2020. Available from: https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-c1zk-0j52

Stellenbosch University

2. Innes, Steven Eugene Vere. Lipoatrophy in HIV-infected children on antiretroviral therapy.

Degree: PhD, Paediatrics and Child Health, 2013, Stellenbosch University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/79864

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Bibliography

ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Introduction: Lipoatrophy is a common adverse effect of stavudine and this effect is strongly dose-dependent. Stavudine remains the most commonly used paediatric… (more)

▼

Bibliography

ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Introduction: Lipoatrophy is a common adverse effect of stavudine and this effect is strongly dose-dependent. Stavudine remains the most commonly used paediatric antiretroviral drug in sub-Saharan Africa, yet when the current study began in 2009, the prevalence and severity of lipoatrophy in children on antiretroviral therapy in sub-Saharan Africa had never been studied. The development of lipoatrophy may have serious and far-reaching consequences for patients and their families. The off-label stavudine dosing method, prescribed to children whose caregivers do not have access to a refrigerator, in which the contents of an adult capsule is mixed into tap water, has potential for over-dosing or under-dosing. In addition, children on stavudine continue to be exposed to a disproportionately high dose out of line with the reduced adult dose. Aims: 1. a) To investigate the prevalence and risk factors for lipoatrophy in HIV-infected children in Southern Africa b) To identify a simple anthropometric screening tool to detect early lipoatrophy in children 2. To validate the off-label stavudine dosing method prescribed to children whose caregivers do not have access to a refrigerator, with a view to reducing the recommended dose and thereby the side-effects. Methods: 1. a) We recruited pre-pubertal children on antiretroviral therapy from a family HIV clinic in our facility. Lipoatrophy was identified by two experienced paediatric HIV clinicians using a standardized grading scale. A dietician performed dietary assessment and anthropometric measurements. Previous antiretroviral exposures were recorded. A subset of recruits received Dual-Energy X-ray Absorbtiometry scanning. b) Anthropometric measurements in children with and without lipoatrophy were compared using multivariate linear regression adjusting for age and gender. The most discerning anthropometric variables underwent Receiver Operating Characteristic curve analysis to identify the most appropriate diagnostic cut-off. 2. a) Accuracy of the standard off-label stavudine dosing method was investigated using high-performance liquid chromatography to recover active drug from solutions made up using the prescribed method. This was compared to the stated drug content of the capsules. b) Bioavailability was investigated by performing a randomized crossover pharmacokinetic study wherein healthy HIV-seronegative adult volunteers received one of two generic stavudine capsule formulations, either intact or mixed in water using the prescribed method. Plasma stavudine concentrations were assayed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Results: 1. a) Prevalence of lipoatrophy was 36%, and incidence was 12% per person-year. Adjusted odds ratio for developing lipoatrophy was 1.9 (CI: 1.3–2.9) for each additional year of accumulated exposure to standard-dose stavudine. b) Baseline biceps skin-fold thickness correlated well with maximum lipoatrophy grading score at any site, giving a partial correlation coefficient of 0.33…

Advisors/Committee Members: Cotton, Mark Fredric, Rosenkranz, Bernd, Rabie, Helena, Zollner, Ekkehard Werner, Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Dept. of Paediatrics and Child Health..

Subjects/Keywords: Pediatrics; Dissertations – Pediatrics; Lipoatrophy – HIV-positive children – Risk factors; HIV positive children – Treatment; Antiretroviral agents – Risk factors; Stavudine – Therapeutic use; Pediatrics and Child Health

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Innes, S. E. V. (2013). Lipoatrophy in HIV-infected children on antiretroviral therapy. (Doctoral Dissertation). Stellenbosch University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/79864

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Innes, Steven Eugene Vere. “Lipoatrophy in HIV-infected children on antiretroviral therapy.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, Stellenbosch University. Accessed April 11, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/79864.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Innes, Steven Eugene Vere. “Lipoatrophy in HIV-infected children on antiretroviral therapy.” 2013. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Innes SEV. Lipoatrophy in HIV-infected children on antiretroviral therapy. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Stellenbosch University; 2013. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/79864.

Council of Science Editors:

Innes SEV. Lipoatrophy in HIV-infected children on antiretroviral therapy. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Stellenbosch University; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/79864

University of Nairobi

3. Ngare, Stanley M. Prevalence of hypertension and cardiovascular risk factors in HIV-1 infected patients on anti-retroviral therapy .

Degree: 2009, University of Nairobi

URL: http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/30801

► Background: With increased use of HAART in HIV-infected individuals there is concern that anti-retrovirals may be associated with hypertension, a known cardiovascular risk factor. This… (more)

▼ Background: With increased use of HAART in HIV-infected individuals there is concern that anti-retrovirals may be associated with hypertension, a known cardiovascular risk factor. This association could be related to duration of therapy, or the metabolic complications associated with HAART or finally to certain specific anti-retrovirals. Objective: To determine the period prevalence of hypertension in HAART experienced patients and compare this to the period prevalence of HAART naive patients and to determine the cardiovascular risk factors of these patients attending the Kenyatta National Hospital. Design: A cross-sectional comparison study. Setting: Kenyatta National Hospital, a tertiary health care facility. Subjects: Consenting HIV- infected adults who where anti-retroviral naive or had been on anti-retrovirals for two years or more. Outcome measures: Prevalence of hypertension; associated cardiovascular risk factors-age, gender, body mass index, dyslipidemia defined as presence of any of the following lipid abnormalities: raised total or LDL- cholesterol, low HDL cholesterol, or raised triglycerides; and dysglycemia defined as presence of any of the following: impaired fasting glucose or diabetes mellitus. Results: Between July and November 2008, 3528 patients were screened, 1305 met the case definitions, 63% of whom were females .Of these 620 patients were recruited into anti-retroviral experienced group and 615 patients were recruited into the anti-retroviral naive group. Majority of the patients (95.6%) were on a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase. At a median of 2.4 years the prevalence of hypertension was 12.9% ( 95% CI 5.1-20.9) in the HAART experienced patients and 14.3 %( 95%CI 5.9-22.1) in the HAART naive group (p=0.507). Dyslipidemia was the most common cardiovascular risk factor in 71.3% of the hypertensive patient on HAART. There was no statistical difference in the prevalence of dyslipidemia in HAART naive patients (p~0.299). Among the HAART experienced patients dysglycemia was noted in 35% of patients and 27.3% of HAART naive patients (p=0.23). Conclusion: At a median of 2.4 years on HAART there was no increased prevalence of hypertension compared to HAART naive patients. Dyslipidemia and dysglycemia are important cardiovascular risk factors in hypertensive HIV populations, especially in patients on HAART. Therefore there is need to actively screen this hypertensive population for both of these risk factors.

Subjects/Keywords: Antiretroviral therapy; Cardiovascular risk factors; Hypertension; HIV-1

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APA (6^th Edition):

Ngare, S. M. (2009). Prevalence of hypertension and cardiovascular risk factors in HIV-1 infected patients on anti-retroviral therapy . (Thesis). University of Nairobi. Retrieved from http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/30801

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Ngare, Stanley M. “Prevalence of hypertension and cardiovascular risk factors in HIV-1 infected patients on anti-retroviral therapy .” 2009. Thesis, University of Nairobi. Accessed April 11, 2021. http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/30801.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Ngare, Stanley M. “Prevalence of hypertension and cardiovascular risk factors in HIV-1 infected patients on anti-retroviral therapy .” 2009. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Ngare SM. Prevalence of hypertension and cardiovascular risk factors in HIV-1 infected patients on anti-retroviral therapy . [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Nairobi; 2009. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/30801.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Ngare SM. Prevalence of hypertension and cardiovascular risk factors in HIV-1 infected patients on anti-retroviral therapy . [Thesis]. University of Nairobi; 2009. Available from: http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/30801

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Zambia

4. Likando, Likando. A study to determine the quality of life of people living with HIV/AIDS before and during anti retroviral treatment .

Degree: 2013, University of Zambia

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/2047

► The quality of life in People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) prior to Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) is said to be poor. However, Anti-retroviral Therapy… (more)

▼ The quality of life in People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) prior to Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) is said to be poor. However, Anti-retroviral Therapy (ART) has changed the natural history of HIV/AIDS from a disease characterized by the rapid and torturous downhill progression to a chronic illness. HIV/AIDS has substantially increased the demand for health services and negatively affected the quality of life (Gill et al 2002). The aim of the study was to determine quality of life for PLWHA after commencement of ART. The Null hypothesis of the study was that the PLWHA would have a better quality of life after commencement of HAART. The study focused on people living with HIV/AIDS in Livingstone particularly those that were obtaining medical services from Livingstone General Hospital. The study assessed the quality of life of PLWHA before and during ART. It also established intentions on how to improve the quality of life of PLWHA before and during ART. The domains assessed included. Disease, Treatment, Pain, Energy, Physical, function, sleep and mental health domains. The study design used was retrospective. Total samples of 210 files for PLWHA were randomly selected from the registry at Livingstone General Hospital by systematic random sampling. Data were collected by using a Medical Outcome Scale Human Immunodeficiency Syndrome (MOS-HIV) questionnaire. The questionnaire was used as a checklist to extract data from the medical record files. The results of the study showed that the majority of PLWHA before ART experienced poor quality of life. In the disease domain, it was observed that disease domain had 176 (84%) PLWHA who were ill looking before ART, only 132 (63%) were still ill looking after 12 months of ART (P<0.001. The number of PLWHA with Cd4 cell count less than 200 cells/mm3 before ART was 161(77 %>) and at 12 months ART, the number reduced to 83 (40%)). The Haemoglobin level assessment also followed the same trend of improvement, as the number of PLWHA with low haemoglobin reduced from 181 (86.1%) to 125 (60%). Health status domain was described by the Physicians as poor or better. 46 (22%)) were described as poor health status before ART and the number reduced to 15 (7%) after 12 months of ART. (p < 001) The treatment domain looked at the side effects experienced by PLWHA during ART. The majority of the PLWHA, 128 (61%) experienced side effects. The most common side effect was neuropathy 54 (26%). Therefore, side effects can cause considerable discomfort and non adherence to ART hence negatively affecting the quality of life. Pain domain showed that 147 (70%) of PLWHA complained of pain before ART only 63 (30%o) did not complain. During 12 months of ART, 114 (54%) had no pain and only 96 (46%) had pain (p< 0.001). The study showed that 99 (47.1%)) had sleep disturbances before ART. During ART only 18 (7%) had sleep disturbances, (p < 0.001).Physical and role function domains assessed the ability of PLWHA to walk with ease or difficulty. Before ART, 126 (66.7%) of PLWHA had walking problems…

Subjects/Keywords: HIV/AIDS; Antiretroviral agents; Health

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Likando, L. (2013). A study to determine the quality of life of people living with HIV/AIDS before and during anti retroviral treatment . (Thesis). University of Zambia. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/2047

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Likando, Likando. “A study to determine the quality of life of people living with HIV/AIDS before and during anti retroviral treatment .” 2013. Thesis, University of Zambia. Accessed April 11, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/2047.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Likando, Likando. “A study to determine the quality of life of people living with HIV/AIDS before and during anti retroviral treatment .” 2013. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Likando L. A study to determine the quality of life of people living with HIV/AIDS before and during anti retroviral treatment . [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Zambia; 2013. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/2047.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Likando L. A study to determine the quality of life of people living with HIV/AIDS before and during anti retroviral treatment . [Thesis]. University of Zambia; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/2047

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Hong Kong

5. Chan, Wai-kit. The most effective method to improve antiretroviral drug adherence.

Degree: 2008, University of Hong Kong

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10722/54596

Subjects/Keywords: Antiretroviral agents.

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Chan, W. (2008). The most effective method to improve antiretroviral drug adherence. (Thesis). University of Hong Kong. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10722/54596

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Chan, Wai-kit. “The most effective method to improve antiretroviral drug adherence.” 2008. Thesis, University of Hong Kong. Accessed April 11, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/54596.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Chan, Wai-kit. “The most effective method to improve antiretroviral drug adherence.” 2008. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Chan W. The most effective method to improve antiretroviral drug adherence. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Hong Kong; 2008. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10722/54596.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Chan W. The most effective method to improve antiretroviral drug adherence. [Thesis]. University of Hong Kong; 2008. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10722/54596

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Johannesburg

6. Traut, Telisha. Design, synthesis and biological activity of novel HIV integrase inhibitors.

Degree: PhD, 2012, University of Johannesburg

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/8085

► Despite nearly three decades of intensive research, the HIV/AIDS pandemic remains a major challenge to modern medicine. The discovery and development of antiretroviral agents acting… (more)

▼ Despite nearly three decades of intensive research, the HIV/AIDS pandemic remains a major challenge to modern medicine. The discovery and development of antiretroviral agents acting against various essential viral processes and enzymatic targets have greatly enhanced the quality of life for infected individuals, but no cure or preventative vaccine is available as yet and HIV infection is currently considered irreversible. Furthermore, the emergence of viral resistance to every class and type of antiretroviral treatment agent necessitates the continued discovery of antiretroviral agents with novel mechanisms of action. The first antiretroviral agent targeting the retroviral integrase enzyme (InsentressTM, Raltegravir) received regulatory approval from the United States Food and Drug Administration during 2007, validating HIV-1 integrase as a therapeutic target and providing a much-needed second- or third-line treatment option for treatment experienced patients. This enzyme was selected as a target for the current work. As limited data were available on the primary and secondary structure of the biologically relevant HIV-1 integrase enzyme, a first step in the present work was the construction of monomeric, dimeric and tetrameric models of the enzyme with biologically relevant catalytic centres incorporating both viral and host co-factors and DNA. The models were constructed to identify potential inhibitors of the strandtransfer reaction of HIV-1 integrase and were based on observations and interactions reported in the literature and on crystal structure data of HIV-1 integrase sub-domains and related structures available in the Protein Data Bank. The monomeric model was used as the macromolecular target in docking studies with “drug-like” compound databases, identifying the pyrrolidinone compound class as an in silico hit candidate for further development. Initial activity screening of a number of commercially available pyrrolidinone analogues against recombinant HIV-1 subtype B integrase in direct enzyme assays confirmed the predicted potential for strand transfer inhibition of the compound class, and provided initial support in the further development of this compound class as inhibitors of HIV-1 integrase that target the strand-transfer step. Retrosynthetic analysis of the pyrrolidinone hit candidates provided a facile one-pot, three-component synthetic pathway from readily available starting materials, which generally gave the proposed products cleanly and in acceptable yields. A range of closely related analogues were designed and synthesised. The analogues making up this series generally differed by only one functional group, in order to enable initial structureactivity relationship investigations during later stages of the project. Foreword Page XVI The synthesised pyrrolidinone analogues were screened through a range of direct and cell-based in vitro assays to determine the toxicity and strand-transfer activity of each. In general, the pyrrolidinone compounds proved well-tolerated in PM1 cell culture, with…

Subjects/Keywords: Antiretroviral agents; HIV infections - Treatment

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Traut, T. (2012). Design, synthesis and biological activity of novel HIV integrase inhibitors. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Johannesburg. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10210/8085

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Traut, Telisha. “Design, synthesis and biological activity of novel HIV integrase inhibitors.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Johannesburg. Accessed April 11, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/8085.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Traut, Telisha. “Design, synthesis and biological activity of novel HIV integrase inhibitors.” 2012. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Traut T. Design, synthesis and biological activity of novel HIV integrase inhibitors. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Johannesburg; 2012. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/8085.

Council of Science Editors:

Traut T. Design, synthesis and biological activity of novel HIV integrase inhibitors. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Johannesburg; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/8085

Stellenbosch University

7. Marincowitz, Clara Maria Elizabeth. The Effects of HIV-1-proteins and Antiretroviral Therapy on Aortic Endothelial Cells (AECs) – A Mechanistic in vitro Approach.

Degree: MSc, Biomedical Sciences, 2019, Stellenbosch University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/105871

► Introduction: Endothelial dysfunction is an early precursor of cardiovascular disease characterized by decreased nitric oxide (NO) levels following the development of oxidative stress. Oxidative stress… (more)

▼ Introduction: Endothelial dysfunction is an early precursor of cardiovascular disease characterized by decreased nitric oxide (NO) levels following the development of oxidative stress. Oxidative stress has been shown to result not only in the inactivation of NO itself, but also of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), the enzyme responsible for NO synthesis. This contributes to creating a pro-inflammatory environment in the vasculature, which can lead to atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Increased endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular risk have been observed in both HIV-1 infection and antiretroviral therapy (ART). Objectives: To establish a simulated model of in vitro HIV-1-infection and determine the effects of non/nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI/NNRTIs) and protease inhibitors (PIs) on markers of endothelial function and the expression/activation of important vascular signalling proteins within this HIV-1-model. Methods: A simulated HIV-1-model was established by adding recombinant HIV-1 proteins (100 ng/ml each of Nef, Tat and Gp160) to the growth medium of cultured rat aortic endothelial cells (AECs). Subsequently, the effects of NRTI/NNRTIs (efavirenz, emtricitabine and tenofovir) and PIs (lopinavir and ritonavir) on these HIV-1 exposed AECs were determined using fluorescent probes to assess cell viability, NO-production and oxidative stress via reactive nitrogen species (RNS) production. The expression/activation of important vascular signalling proteins, including eNOS and IκBα (an inhibitor of the inflammatory NFκB signalling pathway), was also evaluated by western blotting. Results: Exposure to 100 ng/ml of HIV-1 Nef, Tat and Gp160 for 24 hours led to a significant decrease in NO production in AECs (DAF-2/DA fluorescence intensity: 72.05±8.37% vs. 100±1.55%). NRTI/NNRTI treatment within an HIV-1-protein medium environment for 24 hours had no effect on NO production, possibly abrogating the reduced levels observed with HIV-1-protein treatment on its own. Furthermore, a decrease in RNS was observed (DHR-123 fluorescence intensity: 83.19±3.5% vs. 100±0.22%). PI treatment within an HIV-1-protein medium environment for 24 hours resulted in a reduction in NO production in a concentration-dependent manner (DAF-2/DA fluorescence intensity: 92.74±1.4% vs. 100±0.67% and 85±1.81% vs. 100±0.56%), probably due to decreased eNOS expression (0.28±0.04 vs. 1±0.21). Interestingly, neither HIV-1 protein exposure on its own, nor PI treatment in isolation had any effects on eNOS. The same was observed for IκBα, where combined HIV-1-protein and PI exposure reduced levels (0.37±0.03 vs. 1±0.15) and neither of these treatments in isolation had any effects. Conclusion: HIV-1 Nef, Tat and Gp160 attenuated NO production in AECs, while NRTI/NNRTI treatment within this HIV-1 protein environment showed minimal adverse effects, and could possibly even be beneficial, potentially reversing the detrimental consequences of HIV-1 proteins on NO production. PI treatment, on the other hand, seemed to demonstrate… Advisors/Committee Members: Genis, Amanda, Strijdom, Hans, Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Medicine and Health Science. Dept. of Biomedical Sciences: Medical Physiology..

Subjects/Keywords: Vascular endothelial growth factors; Antiretroviral agents; Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase; HIV-proteins; Human Immunodeficiency Virus; Nitric Oxide; UCTD

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Marincowitz, C. M. E. (2019). The Effects of HIV-1-proteins and Antiretroviral Therapy on Aortic Endothelial Cells (AECs) – A Mechanistic in vitro Approach. (Masters Thesis). Stellenbosch University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/105871

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Marincowitz, Clara Maria Elizabeth. “The Effects of HIV-1-proteins and Antiretroviral Therapy on Aortic Endothelial Cells (AECs) – A Mechanistic in vitro Approach.” 2019. Masters Thesis, Stellenbosch University. Accessed April 11, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/105871.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Marincowitz, Clara Maria Elizabeth. “The Effects of HIV-1-proteins and Antiretroviral Therapy on Aortic Endothelial Cells (AECs) – A Mechanistic in vitro Approach.” 2019. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Marincowitz CME. The Effects of HIV-1-proteins and Antiretroviral Therapy on Aortic Endothelial Cells (AECs) – A Mechanistic in vitro Approach. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2019. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/105871.

Council of Science Editors:

Marincowitz CME. The Effects of HIV-1-proteins and Antiretroviral Therapy on Aortic Endothelial Cells (AECs) – A Mechanistic in vitro Approach. [Masters Thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/105871

University of Zambia

8. Chomba, Crispin. Distribution of Antiretroviral drugs in Zambia : An ethical investigation .

Degree: 2012, University of Zambia

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1632

► There were about 40.3 million people living with HIV/AIDS in the world by the end of 2005, and approximately 95 per cent of them live… (more)

▼ There were about 40.3 million people living with HIV/AIDS in the world by the end of 2005, and approximately 95 per cent of them live in developing countries. During 2004 alone nearly three million people died of AIDS related illnesses in the world and a similar number of deaths were experienced by the end of the year 2005. Sub-Saharan Africa is by far the worst affected in the world by the AIDS epidemic. This region accounted for about 64 per cent of all people living with HIV by the end of 2005. In Zambia 920,000 adults and children were living with HIV and AIDS by the end of 2004.Many of these deaths can be prevented by providing access to adequate treatment with antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) for opportunistic infections The Zambian government declared its commitment to provide antiretroviral drugs for all people in Zambia who need them. However, despite government commitment, antiretroviral drugs are accessible only to a minority of those who need these drugs. Currently there are about 200,000 people in Zambia who need antiretroviral drugs. However, as of January 2005, only about 15,380 of those people who need ARVs were put on treatment. This means that only a few of those who need ARVs have access to them and this raises the question of how these scarce drugs ought to be fairly distributed among the many people who need them. On the basis of this background, the main objectives of this study are firstly to assess the current government distribution policy of antiretroviral drugs in Zambia from an ethical point of view and secondly to suggest ways in which this distribution mechanism could be improved. In order to achieve these aims the dissertation is designed as follows: chapter one highlights the current HIV and Aids situation in Zambian in relation to antiretroviral treatment and shows that even though there are many people who are infected and need antiretroviral treatment, only a small number of these patients are put on treatment. The second chapter explains how ARVs are currently distributed in Zambia. Its main finding is that there is no written policy on distribution of antiretroviral drugs in Zambia. However, a mechanism of distributing these drugs exists. In chapter three an attempt is made to critically evaluate the Zambian mechanism of distributing ARVs. Its strength and weaknesses are explained in a detailed way. The main strengths with Zambian mechanism of distributing antiretroviral drugs are that currently these drugs are distributed to patients free of charge. The distribution of ARVs is demand driven and thus prevents wastage of these drugs. The other strength is that each patient is given equal rights in receiving ARVs. The major weakness with the system is the lack of a specific policy of distributing these drugs. The other weakness is the use of first-come-first-served principle in distributing ARVs to patients. It has also been established through the study findings that the Zambian ART distribution system has largely used the clinical and lacks ethical considerations in administering of…

Subjects/Keywords: Antiretroviral agents; HIV/AIDS – Zambia; Ethics; Retroviruses; Antiretroviral agents

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Chomba, C. (2012). Distribution of Antiretroviral drugs in Zambia : An ethical investigation . (Thesis). University of Zambia. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1632

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Chomba, Crispin. “Distribution of Antiretroviral drugs in Zambia : An ethical investigation .” 2012. Thesis, University of Zambia. Accessed April 11, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1632.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Chomba, Crispin. “Distribution of Antiretroviral drugs in Zambia : An ethical investigation .” 2012. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Chomba C. Distribution of Antiretroviral drugs in Zambia : An ethical investigation . [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Zambia; 2012. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1632.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Chomba C. Distribution of Antiretroviral drugs in Zambia : An ethical investigation . [Thesis]. University of Zambia; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1632

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Stellenbosch University

9. Madhombiro, Munyaradzi. An adapted intervention for problematic alcohol use in people living with AIDS and its impact on alcohol use, general functional ability, quality of life and adherence to HAART : a cluster randomized control trial at Opportunistic Infections Clinics in Zimbabwe.

Degree: PhD, Psychiatry, 2018, Stellenbosch University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/105242

► ENGLISH SUMMARY : With the advent of antiretroviral therapy, the HIV pandemic has become a chronic illness requiring lifelong treatment. The 90-90-90 strategy, adopted by… (more)

▼ ENGLISH SUMMARY : With the advent of antiretroviral therapy, the HIV pandemic has become a chronic illness requiring lifelong treatment. The 90-90-90 strategy, adopted by UNAIDS, aims for (i) 90% of HIV infected persons knowing their status, (ii) 90% on antiretroviral therapy; and (iii) 90% achieving viral suppression. The goal is to reach these aims by 2020. Alcohol use affects the attainment of the 90-90-90 goals. Research shows that people living with HIV (PLWH) drink twice as much as their HIV negative counterparts. Alcohol use disorders (AUD) in PLWH are associated with poor adherence to ART. Recommendations have been made to include interventions for AUDs in HIV prevention and treatment strategies. Brief interventions are recommended for hazardous alcohol use; however, for alcohol dependence a stepped care model incorporating behavioural/psychological treatments and pharmacological interventions may be required. Pharmacological treatments may lead to a higher pill burden and psychological interventions are, therefore, the treatment of choice. Psychological interventions have traditionally been delivered by a highly skilled workforce. However, in low and medium income countries (LMIC) where the HIV prevalence is high, there is a shortage of a skilled workforce. Task sharing has been recommended as a way of scaling up the delivery of services. The aim of this study was to adapt an evidence-based intervention for HIV and AUDs in Zimbabwe and to assess its effectiveness in a cluster randomized controlled trial (RCT). To achieve this, we first conducted a systematic review of the evidence for the effectiveness of psychological interventions. Second, a qualitative study was done to understand knowledge and perceptions of AUDs among PLWH and potential barriers and facilitators of interventions for AUDs. Third, we conducted a pilot and feasibility study in preparation for the RCT. The systematic review found limited evidence for the effectiveness of psychological interventions for AUDs, particularly on the frequency of drinking. Motivational interviewing (MI) alone and in combination with mobile technology, and cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) were found to be effective. Additionally, MI was effective in reducing risky sexual behaviour, adherence to ART, other substance use disorders, viral load reduction, and increase in CD4 count. The qualitative study found that PLWH had adequate knowledge of the direct and indirect effects of alcohol use on HIV transmission and adherence to treatment, and were concerned about the stigma faced by PLWH who have and AUDs. Furthermore, participants were concerned about the stigma faced by PLWH who have AUDs. They called for stigma reduction strategies to be implemented and were receptive of the idea of interventions for AUDs. Following a pilot study which indicated that an intervention for AUDs was feasible, a cluster RCT was carried out at 16 HIV care clinics. The adapted intervention included motivational interviewing blended with cognitive behavioural therapy (MI/CBT).… Advisors/Committee Members: Seedat, Soraya, 1966-, Rusakaniko, Simba, Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Dept. of Psychiatry..

Subjects/Keywords: HIV-positive persons – Zimbabwe; Alcoholism – Risk factors – Zimbabwe; Highly active antiretroviral therapy; Patient compliance – Zimbabwe; Well-being – Zimbabwe; UCTD

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Madhombiro, M. (2018). An adapted intervention for problematic alcohol use in people living with AIDS and its impact on alcohol use, general functional ability, quality of life and adherence to HAART : a cluster randomized control trial at Opportunistic Infections Clinics in Zimbabwe. (Doctoral Dissertation). Stellenbosch University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/105242

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Madhombiro, Munyaradzi. “An adapted intervention for problematic alcohol use in people living with AIDS and its impact on alcohol use, general functional ability, quality of life and adherence to HAART : a cluster randomized control trial at Opportunistic Infections Clinics in Zimbabwe.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, Stellenbosch University. Accessed April 11, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/105242.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Madhombiro, Munyaradzi. “An adapted intervention for problematic alcohol use in people living with AIDS and its impact on alcohol use, general functional ability, quality of life and adherence to HAART : a cluster randomized control trial at Opportunistic Infections Clinics in Zimbabwe.” 2018. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Madhombiro M. An adapted intervention for problematic alcohol use in people living with AIDS and its impact on alcohol use, general functional ability, quality of life and adherence to HAART : a cluster randomized control trial at Opportunistic Infections Clinics in Zimbabwe. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Stellenbosch University; 2018. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/105242.

Council of Science Editors:

Madhombiro M. An adapted intervention for problematic alcohol use in people living with AIDS and its impact on alcohol use, general functional ability, quality of life and adherence to HAART : a cluster randomized control trial at Opportunistic Infections Clinics in Zimbabwe. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Stellenbosch University; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/105242

University of South Africa

10. Obsa Amente Megersa. Risk factors associated with TB co-infection in HIV/AIDS patients taking antiretroviral therapy (ART) in one of the public health facilities in Ethiopia .

Degree: 2013, University of South Africa

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10500/13105

► Purpose: The purpose of this study is to assess risk factors associated with TB co-infection in HIV/AIDS patients taking antiretroviral therapy (ART). Methodology: An observational,… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Antiretroviral therapy; Cases; Case-control study; Controls; Drug adherence; HIV/AIDS; Risk factors; Public health facility; Tuberculosis; TB/HIV co-infection

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Megersa, O. A. (2013). Risk factors associated with TB co-infection in HIV/AIDS patients taking antiretroviral therapy (ART) in one of the public health facilities in Ethiopia . (Masters Thesis). University of South Africa. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10500/13105

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Megersa, Obsa Amente. “Risk factors associated with TB co-infection in HIV/AIDS patients taking antiretroviral therapy (ART) in one of the public health facilities in Ethiopia .” 2013. Masters Thesis, University of South Africa. Accessed April 11, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/13105.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Megersa, Obsa Amente. “Risk factors associated with TB co-infection in HIV/AIDS patients taking antiretroviral therapy (ART) in one of the public health facilities in Ethiopia .” 2013. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Megersa OA. Risk factors associated with TB co-infection in HIV/AIDS patients taking antiretroviral therapy (ART) in one of the public health facilities in Ethiopia . [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of South Africa; 2013. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10500/13105.

Council of Science Editors:

Megersa OA. Risk factors associated with TB co-infection in HIV/AIDS patients taking antiretroviral therapy (ART) in one of the public health facilities in Ethiopia . [Masters Thesis]. University of South Africa; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10500/13105

University of Cambridge

11. Hird, Thomas R. Risk factors for cardiometabolic disease in the eThekwini Municipality (City of Durban), South Africa.

Degree: PhD, 2017, University of Cambridge

URL: https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/267789

► Background: The burden of cardiometabolic disease (CMD) is rising in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). However, there are limited population-based prevalence estimates of CMD risk factors to… (more)

▼ Background: The burden of cardiometabolic disease (CMD) is rising in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). However, there are limited population-based prevalence estimates of CMD risk factors to inform public health initiatives for the prevention and management of CMDs in these populations. This thesis aims to contribute to this evidence gap by assessing the prevalence and distribution of established and emerging CMD risk factors, associations between risk factors, and tools for their identification, in a South African population. Methods: The Durban Diabetes Study (DDS), a population-based cross-sectional survey of CMD risk factors, was designed and data were collected on 1204 participants from the eThekwini Municipality, South Africa. Key findings: In this urban South African population, the prevalence of most CMD risk factors was high, and varied across demographic and socioeconomic groups. The prevalence of smoking and alcohol consumption was higher in men, whilst the prevalence of obesity, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, and hyperglycaemia was higher in women. Wealth was associated with obesity and hypercholesterolemia, whilst education level and employment status were associated with smoking, physical activity and diabetes. Despite several potential advantages, the use of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) for diagnosis of diabetes is not established in SSA. Using plasma glucose measures as the reference, HbA1c ≥6.5% detected diabetes with high sensitivity and specificity. Furthermore, the association of anaemia, HIV, and antiretroviral therapy (ART) with HbA1c was modest and no statistically significant differences in the prevalence of diabetes were found in those with anaemia or HIV based on plasma glucose and HbA1c measurements. This is the first evidence for the utility of HbA1c for the diagnosis of diabetes in a black SSA population. There is emerging evidence for the association of HIV and ART with CMD risk factors. In the DDS, the prevalence of HIV was high (43.5%) and untreated HIV was associated with low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, whilst ART-treated HIV was associated with high triglycerides. Finally, 30.8% of participants were at high risk of CMD based on metabolic syndrome, but only 7.9% had high 10-year cardiovascular disease risk based on the Framingham risk score. Conclusion: This thesis has added to the evidence base on CMD risk factors in South Africa. These findings highlight the need for longitudinal studies to investigate the aetiology of CMDs and robustly assess the utility of tools to identify risk of CMD in SSA populations.

Subjects/Keywords: Cardiometabolic; HIV; HbA1c; Obesity; Antiretroviral Therapy; Socioeconomic; Metabolic Syndrome; South Africa; Africa; Epidemiology; Public Health; Disease; Risk Factors; Durban

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Hird, T. R. (2017). Risk factors for cardiometabolic disease in the eThekwini Municipality (City of Durban), South Africa. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Cambridge. Retrieved from https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/267789

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Hird, Thomas R. “Risk factors for cardiometabolic disease in the eThekwini Municipality (City of Durban), South Africa.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Cambridge. Accessed April 11, 2021. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/267789.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Hird, Thomas R. “Risk factors for cardiometabolic disease in the eThekwini Municipality (City of Durban), South Africa.” 2017. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Hird TR. Risk factors for cardiometabolic disease in the eThekwini Municipality (City of Durban), South Africa. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Cambridge; 2017. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/267789.

Council of Science Editors:

Hird TR. Risk factors for cardiometabolic disease in the eThekwini Municipality (City of Durban), South Africa. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Cambridge; 2017. Available from: https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/267789

University of Cambridge

12. Hird, Thomas R. Risk factors for cardiometabolic disease in the eThekwini Municipality (City of Durban), South Africa.

Degree: PhD, 2017, University of Cambridge

URL: https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.13719 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.725543

► Background: The burden of cardiometabolic disease (CMD) is rising in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). However, there are limited population-based prevalence estimates of CMD risk factors to… (more)

▼ Background: The burden of cardiometabolic disease (CMD) is rising in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). However, there are limited population-based prevalence estimates of CMD risk factors to inform public health initiatives for the prevention and management of CMDs in these populations. This thesis aims to contribute to this evidence gap by assessing the prevalence and distribution of established and emerging CMD risk factors, associations between risk factors, and tools for their identification, in a South African population. Methods: The Durban Diabetes Study (DDS), a population-based cross-sectional survey of CMD risk factors, was designed and data were collected on 1204 participants from the eThekwini Municipality, South Africa. Key findings: In this urban South African population, the prevalence of most CMD risk factors was high, and varied across demographic and socioeconomic groups. The prevalence of smoking and alcohol consumption was higher in men, whilst the prevalence of obesity, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, and hyperglycaemia was higher in women. Wealth was associated with obesity and hypercholesterolemia, whilst education level and employment status were associated with smoking, physical activity and diabetes. Despite several potential advantages, the use of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) for diagnosis of diabetes is not established in SSA. Using plasma glucose measures as the reference, HbA1c ≥6.5% detected diabetes with high sensitivity and specificity. Furthermore, the association of anaemia, HIV, and antiretroviral therapy (ART) with HbA1c was modest and no statistically significant differences in the prevalence of diabetes were found in those with anaemia or HIV based on plasma glucose and HbA1c measurements. This is the first evidence for the utility of HbA1c for the diagnosis of diabetes in a black SSA population. There is emerging evidence for the association of HIV and ART with CMD risk factors. In the DDS, the prevalence of HIV was high (43.5%) and untreated HIV was associated with low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, whilst ART-treated HIV was associated with high triglycerides. Finally, 30.8% of participants were at high risk of CMD based on metabolic syndrome, but only 7.9% had high 10-year cardiovascular disease risk based on the Framingham risk score. Conclusion: This thesis has added to the evidence base on CMD risk factors in South Africa. These findings highlight the need for longitudinal studies to investigate the aetiology of CMDs and robustly assess the utility of tools to identify risk of CMD in SSA populations.

Subjects/Keywords: 362.1963; Cardiometabolic; HIV; HbA1c; Obesity; Antiretroviral Therapy; Socioeconomic; Metabolic Syndrome; South Africa; Africa; Epidemiology; Public Health; Disease; Risk Factors; Durban

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Hird, T. R. (2017). Risk factors for cardiometabolic disease in the eThekwini Municipality (City of Durban), South Africa. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Cambridge. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.13719 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.725543

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Hird, Thomas R. “Risk factors for cardiometabolic disease in the eThekwini Municipality (City of Durban), South Africa.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Cambridge. Accessed April 11, 2021. https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.13719 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.725543.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Hird, Thomas R. “Risk factors for cardiometabolic disease in the eThekwini Municipality (City of Durban), South Africa.” 2017. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Hird TR. Risk factors for cardiometabolic disease in the eThekwini Municipality (City of Durban), South Africa. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Cambridge; 2017. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.13719 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.725543.

Council of Science Editors:

Hird TR. Risk factors for cardiometabolic disease in the eThekwini Municipality (City of Durban), South Africa. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Cambridge; 2017. Available from: https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.13719 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.725543

13. Patricia de Moraes Pontilho. Relação entre elasticidade arterial e outros marcadores de risco cardiovascular em indivíduos com HIV/aids em terapia antirretroviral.

Degree: 2012, University of São Paulo

URL: http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6138/tde-21012013-145244/

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Introdução: Existe crescente interesse em identificar marcadores de risco para eventos cardiovasculares em pacientes com HIV/aids. Atualmente observa-se alteração do perfil epidemiológico desses pacientes, com… (more)

▼

Introdução: Existe crescente interesse em identificar marcadores de risco para eventos cardiovasculares em pacientes com HIV/aids. Atualmente observa-se alteração do perfil epidemiológico desses pacientes, com diminuição da mortalidade por infecção e comorbidades e aumento por eventos cardiovasculares. A elasticidade arterial, principalmente dos pequenos vasos, tem sido investigada como alteração precoce de evento cardiovascular. Objetivo: Avaliar a relação entre elasticidade arterial e outros indicadores de risco cardiovascular como fatores demográficos e socioeconômicos, hábitos de vida, estado nutricional e marcadores inflamatórios. Métodos: Foram selecionados aleatoriamente 132 indivíduos voluntários em tratamento regular com antirretrovirais em ambulatório especializado em HIV/aids, com idade entre 19 e 59 de ambos os sexos. A elasticidade arterial dos grandes vasos (LAEI) e pequenos vasos (SAEI) foi investigada pelo equipamento HDI/ PulseWaveTM CR-2000 Cardio Vascular Profiling System®. Foram determinados colesterol total e frações, triglicérides, proteína C-reativa, fibrinogênio, medidas antropométricas e de avaliação de composição corporal, fumo, consumo de bebidas alcoólicas, uso de drogas, prática de atividade física, além de avaliação de fatores demográficos e socioeconômicos e imunológicos (carga viral, T-CD4, T-CD8). Para investigar a associação entre LAEI e SAEI e outros fatores de risco cardiovascular utilizou-se análise de regressão linear múltipla. Resultados: Em relação à elasticidade dos grandes e pequenos vasos, 71,97 por cento e 32,58 por cento , respectivamente, dos participantes foram classificados com elasticidade normal. Observou-se associação positiva entre LAEI e peso (p<0,001) e associações negativas entre LAEI e prega cutânea subescapular (p<0,001) e linfócitos T-CD4 (p<0,02). Verificou-se associação negativa de LAEI com sexo (p<0,02), mostrando que o sexo feminino está relacionado com menor elasticidade. Houve associação positiva entre SAEI e peso (p<0,001) e associações negativas entre SAEI e prega cutânea subescapular (p<0,001), idade (p<0,01) e linfócitos totais (p<0.01). Conclusão: As alterações de elasticidade arterial em pacientes HIV/aids apresentaram relação com outros fatores de risco cardiovascular. SAEI mostrou-se diminuído na maioria dos participantes, sendo uma alteração que pode identificar a disfunção endotelial antes que a doença se torne clinicamente aparente. A monitoração constante da elasticidade arterial através de método não invasivo pode se tornar uma importante ferramenta na predição e prevenção de eventos cardiovasculares em pacientes HIV/aids

Introduction: There is a growing interest in identifying markers of risk for cardiovascular events in patients with HIV / AIDS. Currently there is a change in the epidemiological profile of patients with reduced mortality from infections and comorbidities and increased cardiovascular events. The arterial elasticity, mainly of small vessels, has been investigated as early alteration of cardiovascular events.…

Advisors/Committee Members: Patricia Helen de Carvalho Rondo, Sigrid de Sousa dos Santos, Jose Maria Pacheco de Souza.

Subjects/Keywords: Elasticidade Arterial; Fatores de Risco Cardiovascular; HIV/aids; Terapia Antirretroviral; Antiretroviral Therapy; Arterial Elasticity; Cardiovascular Risk Factors; HIV / AIDS

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Pontilho, P. d. M. (2012). Relação entre elasticidade arterial e outros marcadores de risco cardiovascular em indivíduos com HIV/aids em terapia antirretroviral. (Masters Thesis). University of São Paulo. Retrieved from http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6138/tde-21012013-145244/

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Pontilho, Patricia de Moraes. “Relação entre elasticidade arterial e outros marcadores de risco cardiovascular em indivíduos com HIV/aids em terapia antirretroviral.” 2012. Masters Thesis, University of São Paulo. Accessed April 11, 2021. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6138/tde-21012013-145244/.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Pontilho, Patricia de Moraes. “Relação entre elasticidade arterial e outros marcadores de risco cardiovascular em indivíduos com HIV/aids em terapia antirretroviral.” 2012. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Pontilho PdM. Relação entre elasticidade arterial e outros marcadores de risco cardiovascular em indivíduos com HIV/aids em terapia antirretroviral. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of São Paulo; 2012. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6138/tde-21012013-145244/.

Council of Science Editors:

Pontilho PdM. Relação entre elasticidade arterial e outros marcadores de risco cardiovascular em indivíduos com HIV/aids em terapia antirretroviral. [Masters Thesis]. University of São Paulo; 2012. Available from: http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6138/tde-21012013-145244/

Michigan State University

14. Grant, Calvin. Mechanistic investigation of (DHQD)₂PHAL catalysis in chlorination and dihydroxylation reactions using a naphthalene-based analogue.

Degree: 2018, Michigan State University

URL: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:19228

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Thesis Ph. D. Michigan State University. Chemistry 2018

This dissertation is composed of three different projects, each discussed in a chapter. Following are short descriptions… (more)

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Thesis Ph. D. Michigan State University. Chemistry 2018

This dissertation is composed of three different projects, each discussed in a chapter. Following are short descriptions of the contained chapters.Because of the low financial potential gains in antimicrobial drug development, companies have not invested into the area, relying on naturally occurring compounds found within the last twenty to thirty years to keep the microbes at bay. In the mean time, microbes are developing resistance to the most consistently used antimicrobials. Strains such as pseudomonas aeruginosa and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus are becoming more prevalent with the ubiquitous use of antimicrobials in animal feeds, cosmetics, and even medications. In order to contribute to the search for new antibiotics, we searched for antimicrobial lead compounds tapping an easily accessible resource-repurposed laboratory compounds. The first chapter of this dissertation addresses the process of organizing, testing, and analysis of a library for antibacterial assays. A few of the positive antibacterial hits have been analyzed to investigate the mode-of-action of their class.In another study, discussed in chapter two, addresses a total synthesis of Alexine, a polyhydroxylated pyrrolizidine found to exhibit antiretroviral activity. While most syntheses of this family of pyrrolizidines utilized amino acids or sugars as templates, this synthesis relied on an aza-payne rearrangement and a one-carbon homologative relay ring expansion after incorporation of all necessary carbons required in the structure of alexine. This synthesis attempt ends with the formation of the initial pyrrolidine via our methodology and a proposal for the completion of the total synthesis.In the final chapter, for which the dissertation has been titled, new advancements in halofunctionalization that have been uncovered in the Borhan laboratory are further investigated. In particular, the hypothesis regarding the enantioselectivities seen when utilizing (DHQD)2PHAL under optimized conditions suggests that the high enantioselectivities seen in the halofunctionalization of unfunctionalized alkenes done by Borhan and coworkers are due to the rigidity of DHQD ligand-linker bonds C-O-C=N facilitated by the sp2 character of pendant oxygen as it donates into the electron deficient aromatic linker. In order to probe this, a naphthalene linker analogue (DHQD)2NAPH was synthesized and used as a catalyst in the optimized reactions. Computational studies were used to confirm the results and confirm the validity of the hypothesis.

Description based on online resource;

Advisors/Committee Members: Borhan, Babak, Wulff, William D, Geiger, James H, Huang, Xeufei.

Subjects/Keywords: Anti-infective agents; Antibacterial agents; Antiretroviral agents; Enantioselective catalysis; Chemistry

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Grant, C. (2018). Mechanistic investigation of (DHQD)₂PHAL catalysis in chlorination and dihydroxylation reactions using a naphthalene-based analogue. (Thesis). Michigan State University. Retrieved from http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:19228

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Grant, Calvin. “Mechanistic investigation of (DHQD)₂PHAL catalysis in chlorination and dihydroxylation reactions using a naphthalene-based analogue.” 2018. Thesis, Michigan State University. Accessed April 11, 2021. http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:19228.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Grant, Calvin. “Mechanistic investigation of (DHQD)₂PHAL catalysis in chlorination and dihydroxylation reactions using a naphthalene-based analogue.” 2018. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Grant C. Mechanistic investigation of (DHQD)₂PHAL catalysis in chlorination and dihydroxylation reactions using a naphthalene-based analogue. [Internet] [Thesis]. Michigan State University; 2018. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:19228.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Grant C. Mechanistic investigation of (DHQD)₂PHAL catalysis in chlorination and dihydroxylation reactions using a naphthalene-based analogue. [Thesis]. Michigan State University; 2018. Available from: http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd:19228

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Rhodes University

15. Okafor, Nnamdi Ikemefuna. Formulation and evaluation of liposomal films for buccal delivery of antiretroviral drug.

Degree: Faculty of Science, Chemistry, 2020, Rhodes University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/117161

► The human immune deficiency virus (HIV) infection has been ranked as one of the most devastating microbial infections in the world. This status is a… (more)

▼ The human immune deficiency virus (HIV) infection has been ranked as one of the most devastating microbial infections in the world. This status is a result of the HIV rapid genetic variation, which limits discovery of a vaccine. Use application of antiretroviral therapy (ARVT) in treatment of the disease caused by the HIV infection (known as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, HIV-AIDS) is frequently compromised by several factors such as the low bioavailability and severe adverse effects associated with the existing antiretroviral drugs (ARVDs). This underlines the need for controlling the pharmacokinetics profiles of ARVD using effective vehicles that can modify drug biodistribution. The same is true for many other conditions, where delivery systems can determine the success or failure of treatment by controlling pharmacokinetic and dynamic properties. The mucosal linings of the oral cavities in addition offer adorable route of administration for systematic drug delivery, improving drug therapeutic performance and often preferred by clinicians and patients. Liposomes are tiny spherical sacs of phospholipid molecules enclosing water droplets, formed (artificially) to carry drugs or other substances into the tissues by crossing and targeting to specific organelles. This work therefore focused on preparation of liposomes and liposomal buccal films (BFs) for potential buccal delivery of efavirenz, an ARVD model endowed with poor solubility and several side effects. The liposomes were prepared by thin film hydration method using crude soybean lecithin (CL) and cholesterol. Efavirenz loaded liposomes were evaluated for particle size, Zeta potential (ZP), morphology, encapsulation efficiency (EE%) and release kinetics studies. The physiochemical properties of the liposomes were also evaluated using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersity spectroscopy (EDS), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), while the formulation with the best encapsulation efficiency was used as the solvent medium for the buccal film formation. The buccal films were prepared using solvent casting method, where the liposomal suspension was used as the dispersing medium. The films were optimized for physical properties (thickness, weight variation and folding endurance) using digital Vernier calliper and digital weighing balance. The physiochemical properties of the selected BFs films made of Carbopol (CP) and its combination with Pluronic F127 (PF127) were further characterized using XRD, DSC, FTIR, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), EDS and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The permeation study of the selected BFs was investigated using Franz diffusion cell. The BFs composed of CP alone or its combination with PF127 demonstrated much better bio-adhesive properties than the films made of other polymers (like Hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose, HPMC) alone or in combination with PF127. The developed liposome formulation showed high encapsulation 98.8 ± 0.01 % in CL to cholesterol mass ratio of 1:1 and…

Subjects/Keywords: Liposomes; Highly active antiretroviral therapy; Antiretroviral agents; HIV infections – Prevention

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Okafor, N. I. (2020). Formulation and evaluation of liposomal films for buccal delivery of antiretroviral drug. (Thesis). Rhodes University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10962/117161

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Okafor, Nnamdi Ikemefuna. “Formulation and evaluation of liposomal films for buccal delivery of antiretroviral drug.” 2020. Thesis, Rhodes University. Accessed April 11, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/117161.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Okafor, Nnamdi Ikemefuna. “Formulation and evaluation of liposomal films for buccal delivery of antiretroviral drug.” 2020. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Okafor NI. Formulation and evaluation of liposomal films for buccal delivery of antiretroviral drug. [Internet] [Thesis]. Rhodes University; 2020. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/117161.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Okafor NI. Formulation and evaluation of liposomal films for buccal delivery of antiretroviral drug. [Thesis]. Rhodes University; 2020. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/117161

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Zambia

16. Wantakisha, Enock W.R. Association Between Long term Tenofovir-Based therapy and the Incidence of Renal Dysfunction in Adult HIV-Positive Patients at Ronald Ross Hospital: A Retrospective Cohort Study .

Degree: 2016, University of Zambia

URL: http://dspace.unza.zm:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/4735

► Tenofovir disoproxil fumerate (TDF)-based antiretroviral therapy places HIV-infected patients at high risk of renal dysfunction. Therefore, we evaluated if the incidence of renal dysfunction in… (more)

▼ Tenofovir disoproxil fumerate (TDF)-based antiretroviral therapy places HIV-infected patients at high risk of renal dysfunction. Therefore, we evaluated if the incidence of renal dysfunction in HIV positive adults patients on long term tenofovir-based regimen versus those on non-tenofovir use. We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of 834 HIV positive patients at the counselling and testing center (CTC) at Ronald Ross General Hospital. Patients were evaluated at baseline and with every follow up visit for creatinine and creatinine clearance (Cockcroft-Gault formula) calculated. Patients’ records in data management software called SMARTCARE from 2008 to 2014 were reviewed to compare renal function between patients on TDF-containing regimen (447 patients) with non-TDF containing regimen (387 patients). We evaluated Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) using creatinine clearance as defined by the Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative Classification (K/DOQI) by GFR.The effect of creatinine, urea and exposure to TB medication, Cotrimoxazole use and CD4 cell count on GFR were also follow up for 18 months. Univariate and Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the factors associated with renal dysfunction. We report multivariable hazard ratios (Cox modeling) and binary outcomes with predictors retained if P < 0.05 and analyzed survival time. Renal function was categorized as CrCl <50 ml/min and ≥ 50 ml/min. Potential predictor variables for renal dysfunction included in the multivariable models were age, sex, weight, creatinine and treatment with tenofovir. The CD4 cell count, urea, anti-TB medication, Cotrimoxazole use, education level, employment status and creatinine clearance were similar at baseline between the two groups. There was no significant difference from exposure to TDF between groups on renal dysfunction development (OR: 2.52, 95% CI, 0.79-8.0, P-value=0.118) as a predictor of renal dysfunction in both univariate and multivariate analysis. Creatinine and creatinine clearance between groups at baseline and 18 months were not statistically different. The prevalence of mild and severe renal dysfunction among HIV-positive adults on TDF-based therapy was 18.4% and 0.2% respectively at 18 months during therapy. Those patients on TDF who were older than 50 years and presented with CrCl <50 ml/min and a CD4 cell count below 500 cells/uL at baseline were more likely to develop renal dysfunction. Twenty-four (5.5%) and 2 (0.5%) patients presented with mild and severe renal dysfunction respectively at baseline. 5 | P a g e Further, Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that ages <49 years than >50 (AOR: 6.35 (2.18-18.4), p-value=0.001), and higher CD4+ cell count >500 cells/uL (AOR: 1.24 (0.97-1.07), P-value=0.051) were less likely associated with renal dysfunction. Age per yearincrease (OR: 6.35, 95% CI -2.18-18.4, P<0.001) and CD4 cell count per 1 cell-increase/μl (OR: 3.03, 95% CI, 0.98-9.28, P=0.053) on univariate were important factors affecting renal …

Subjects/Keywords: AIDS (Disease) – Chemotherapy – Zambia; Antiretroviral agents.

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Wantakisha, E. W. R. (2016). Association Between Long term Tenofovir-Based therapy and the Incidence of Renal Dysfunction in Adult HIV-Positive Patients at Ronald Ross Hospital: A Retrospective Cohort Study . (Thesis). University of Zambia. Retrieved from http://dspace.unza.zm:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/4735

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Wantakisha, Enock W R. “Association Between Long term Tenofovir-Based therapy and the Incidence of Renal Dysfunction in Adult HIV-Positive Patients at Ronald Ross Hospital: A Retrospective Cohort Study .” 2016. Thesis, University of Zambia. Accessed April 11, 2021. http://dspace.unza.zm:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/4735.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Wantakisha, Enock W R. “Association Between Long term Tenofovir-Based therapy and the Incidence of Renal Dysfunction in Adult HIV-Positive Patients at Ronald Ross Hospital: A Retrospective Cohort Study .” 2016. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Wantakisha EWR. Association Between Long term Tenofovir-Based therapy and the Incidence of Renal Dysfunction in Adult HIV-Positive Patients at Ronald Ross Hospital: A Retrospective Cohort Study . [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Zambia; 2016. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: http://dspace.unza.zm:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/4735.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Wantakisha EWR. Association Between Long term Tenofovir-Based therapy and the Incidence of Renal Dysfunction in Adult HIV-Positive Patients at Ronald Ross Hospital: A Retrospective Cohort Study . [Thesis]. University of Zambia; 2016. Available from: http://dspace.unza.zm:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/4735

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Rutgers University

17. Iwu, Emilia Ngozi, 1960-. HIV task shifting from physicians to nurses in Nigeria: correlates of nurse self-efficacy and job satisfaction.

Degree: PhD, Nursing, 2016, Rutgers University

URL: https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/49361/

►

Rationale: With 25% global disease burden and only 3% global health workforce, the African region continues to account for the largest proportion of people living… (more)

▼

Rationale: With 25% global disease burden and only 3% global health workforce, the African region continues to account for the largest proportion of people living with HIV. While HIV task sharing between physicians and nurses, improved access to antiretroviral treatment, it led to African nurses acquiring roles beyond their traditional scope of practice. Numerous patient outcome research have identified the benefits of task sharing but research on nurse-related outcomes remains limited. This study attempts to fill the gap in knowledge by examining the demographic and setting correlates of self-efficacy and job satisfaction among Nigerian nurses in HIV task sharing roles. Method: A pilot study was conducted using a focus group of ten expert nurses to ascertain the content validity and appropriateness of the study instruments. In the main study, 508 nurses in task sharing roles from 8 of 36 states in Nigeria were surveyed. Result: A total of 399 surveys from tertiary (26%), secondary (46%) and primary (28%) facilities met criteria for analyses. The mean age and years in nursing practice were 42 (SD = 9.1) and 17 (SD = 9.2); 86% worked in Government hospitals, 76% were female and 70% Registered Nurse/Midwives. Over 95% received training and mentoring and 82% had previous HIV nursing experience. Self-Efficacy for task sharing had statistically significant correlation with female gender but negatively correlated with years in nursing practice. Job Satisfaction was statistically correlated with years in nursing practice; dual licensure as Nurse/Midwife; working in tertiary hospital; older age; male gender; duration of training and being mentored. Longer HIV nursing experience and working in secondary and primary health centers were found to increase the likelihood for job dissatisfaction. Conclusion: Although more than 95% of the nurses received WHO recommended training and mentoring, they still faced system related challenges which negatively affected job satisfaction. Similar to reports in literature, these findings have critical implications for burnout, retention and quality service delivery. System-specific strategies such as: complementary staffing mix; continuing education; certification; updated policies, guidelines, scope of practice and curriculum that reflect current professional practice are needed to support nurses in expanded roles.

Advisors/Committee Members: HOLZEMER RN, PHD, WILLIAM L. (chair), ELLER PHD, RN, LUCILLE S. (internal member), WILLARD PHD, RN, APNC, SUZANNE (internal member), CIMIOTTI, PHD, RN, JEANNIE P. (outside member).

Subjects/Keywords: Antiretroviral agents; HIV infections – Nigeria – Treatment

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Iwu, Emilia Ngozi, 1. (2016). HIV task shifting from physicians to nurses in Nigeria: correlates of nurse self-efficacy and job satisfaction. (Doctoral Dissertation). Rutgers University. Retrieved from https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/49361/

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Iwu, Emilia Ngozi, 1960-. “HIV task shifting from physicians to nurses in Nigeria: correlates of nurse self-efficacy and job satisfaction.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, Rutgers University. Accessed April 11, 2021. https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/49361/.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Iwu, Emilia Ngozi, 1960-. “HIV task shifting from physicians to nurses in Nigeria: correlates of nurse self-efficacy and job satisfaction.” 2016. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Iwu, Emilia Ngozi 1. HIV task shifting from physicians to nurses in Nigeria: correlates of nurse self-efficacy and job satisfaction. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Rutgers University; 2016. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/49361/.

Council of Science Editors:

Iwu, Emilia Ngozi 1. HIV task shifting from physicians to nurses in Nigeria: correlates of nurse self-efficacy and job satisfaction. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Rutgers University; 2016. Available from: https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/49361/

18. Chiluba, Brian. Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Inhibitors Among HIV seropositive Adults on Protease Inhibitors Containing Antiretroviral Therapy at Adult Infectious Disease Centre at the University Teaching Hospital.

Degree: 2016, University of Zimbabwe

URL: http://dspace.unza.zm/handle/123456789/4632

► Introduction: The burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Sub-Saharan Africa is rising in the background of a high prevalence of infectious diseases including Human Immune… (more)

▼ Introduction: The burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Sub-Saharan Africa is rising in the background of a high prevalence of infectious diseases including Human Immune Deficiency Virus (HIV). The use of certain Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) drugs has been shown to cause dyslipidaemia, with little known about the burden of dyslipidaemia in the presence of ART particularly Protease Inhibitors (PIs) in Sub-Saharan Africa. The objective of this study was to determine the risk associated with the use of PIs- containing ART in the development of CVD among HIV seropositive adult’s at the Adult Infectious Disease Centre University Teaching Hospital (UTH), Zambia. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study that reviewed records of patients on PIs and non- PIs between 2008 and 2016. The primary end point of the study was CVD and consisted of a total sample of 281, with PI consisting of 112 and 169 for the non PI group. A log-binomial model was used to assess covariates, while Kaplan Meier method for probability of survival to CVD and time to CVD comorbidity were utilised. Results: The incidence of CVD among PIs was 62% versus 38% for the non-PI ART group. The risk of CVD was found to be 2.3 times higher in the PIs ART group than non-PI ART group. Associated factors include; age, CD4 cell count, type of ART, years since HIV diagnosis and BMI. Kaplan-Meier survival estimates for CVD showed a statistical difference (log-rank; p=0.003) in the two groups (PI and non-PI), were survival was more in the non-PI group, hence a higher cumulative incidence of CVD was observed in the PI group. Conclusion: Prolonged use of PIs especially older generation drugs containing ART for at least a period of over 2 years were significantly associated with a higher incidence of cardiovascular disease. This study underscores the importance of new screening strategies to be effectively incorporated in ART program among Human immune deficiency virus seropositive adults. Cardiovascular disease has emerged as an important cause of morbidity among seropositive adults. Human immune deficiency virus, antiretroviral therapy and host factors contribute to cardiovascular disease. However, many opportunities exist for developing interventions for optimal screening, treatment and prevention of cardiovascular in Zambia.

Subjects/Keywords: Cardiovascular system – Diseases – Etiology.; Antiretroviral agents.; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active – adverse effects.

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Chiluba, B. (2016). Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Inhibitors Among HIV seropositive Adults on Protease Inhibitors Containing Antiretroviral Therapy at Adult Infectious Disease Centre at the University Teaching Hospital. (Thesis). University of Zimbabwe. Retrieved from http://dspace.unza.zm/handle/123456789/4632

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Chiluba, Brian. “Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Inhibitors Among HIV seropositive Adults on Protease Inhibitors Containing Antiretroviral Therapy at Adult Infectious Disease Centre at the University Teaching Hospital.” 2016. Thesis, University of Zimbabwe. Accessed April 11, 2021. http://dspace.unza.zm/handle/123456789/4632.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Chiluba, Brian. “Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Inhibitors Among HIV seropositive Adults on Protease Inhibitors Containing Antiretroviral Therapy at Adult Infectious Disease Centre at the University Teaching Hospital.” 2016. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Chiluba B. Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Inhibitors Among HIV seropositive Adults on Protease Inhibitors Containing Antiretroviral Therapy at Adult Infectious Disease Centre at the University Teaching Hospital. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Zimbabwe; 2016. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: http://dspace.unza.zm/handle/123456789/4632.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Chiluba B. Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Inhibitors Among HIV seropositive Adults on Protease Inhibitors Containing Antiretroviral Therapy at Adult Infectious Disease Centre at the University Teaching Hospital. [Thesis]. University of Zimbabwe; 2016. Available from: http://dspace.unza.zm/handle/123456789/4632

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

19. Costa, Raphael Silva Nogueira. Associa??o entre terapia antirretroviral e o risco cardiovascular em pessoas que vivem com HIV/AIDS.

Degree: 2016, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana; Mestrado Acad?mico em Sa?de Coletiva; UEFS; Brasil; DEPARTAMENTO DE SA?DE

URL: http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/562

►

Submitted by Ricardo Cedraz Duque Moliterno ([email protected]) on 2018-01-25T22:45:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTA??O MESTRADO FINAL CORRIGIDA VERS?O PARA IMPRESSAO.pdf: 3089061 bytes, checksum: a89bf81bdbde36c941d50f434cb617fb (MD5)… (more)

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Submitted by Ricardo Cedraz Duque Moliterno ([email protected]) on 2018-01-25T22:45:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTA??O MESTRADO FINAL CORRIGIDA VERS?O PARA IMPRESSAO.pdf: 3089061 bytes, checksum: a89bf81bdbde36c941d50f434cb617fb (MD5)

Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-25T22:45:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTA??O MESTRADO FINAL CORRIGIDA VERS?O PARA IMPRESSAO.pdf: 3089061 bytes, checksum: a89bf81bdbde36c941d50f434cb617fb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-30

Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq

The introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for the treatment of HIV-infected individuals brought a dramatic change in the natural course of the disease, leading to increased prevalence of diseases not directly related to HIV such as Diabetes Mellitus and cardiovascular diseases in these individuals. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the impact of HAART on the cardiovascular risk of people living with HIV/AIDS registered in the Municipal Reference Center of Sexually Transmitted Diseases/HIV/AIDS in the municipality of Feira de Santana, Bahia. This cross-sectional study was carried out through analysis of medical records of patients admitted between 2010 and 2014. The data collection form used contained questions relating to sociodemographic factors, cardiovascular risk factors, and characteristics related to HIV infection. Data were analyzed using STATA version 11 for Windows. The results support an association between the use of HAART and increased overall cardiovascular risk. The following factors were also associated with increased overall cardiovascular risk: age >40 years; male; paid employment; smoking; blood pressure ?140/90 mm Hg; cholesterol ? 240 mg/dl; triglycerides ? 200mg/dl; glucose ? 110mg/dl; change in the HAART scheme; and viral load < 10,000 copies/mm3.

Com a introdu??o da terapia antirretroviral de alta pot?ncia (TARV) no tratamento dos indiv?duos infectados pelo HIV, houve uma dram?tica mudan?a no curso da hist?ria natural da doen?a, traduzida pela maior ocorr?ncia, nestes indiv?duos, de doen?as n?o associadas diretamente ao HIV, a exemplo do diabetes mellitus e daquelas relacionadas ao sistema cardiovascular. Neste contexto, essa pesquisa objetivou avaliar o impacto da TARV sobre o risco cardiovascular, em pessoas que vivem com HIV/Aids cadastradas no Centro de Refer?ncia Municipal em Doen?as Sexualmente Transmiss?veis/HIV/Aids no munic?pio de Feira de Santana - Ba. Foi realizado estudo de corte transversal atrav?s da an?lise dos prontu?rios cl?nicos de 239 pacientes admitidos no per?odo de 2010 a 2014. Foram pesquisadas as caracter?sticas s?cio-demogr?ficas, fatores de risco cardiovascular e caracter?sticas relacionadas ? infec??o pelo HIV. Os dados foram analisados utilizando o software Stata vers?o 11 para Windows. Primeiramente, as vari?veis foram analisadas de forma descritiva, posteriormente, foi realizada a distribui??o das vari?veis segundo o desfecho do estudo (risco cardiovascular baseado…

Advisors/Committee Members: Cerqueira, Eneida de Moraes Marc?lio.

Subjects/Keywords: S?ndrome de Imunodefici?ncia Adquirida; Terapia Antirretroviral de Alta Atividade; Fatores de Risco; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Antiretroviral Therapy; Highly Active; Risk Factors; CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::SAUDE COLETIVA

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Costa, R. S. N. (2016). Associa??o entre terapia antirretroviral e o risco cardiovascular em pessoas que vivem com HIV/AIDS. (Masters Thesis). Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana; Mestrado Acad?mico em Sa?de Coletiva; UEFS; Brasil; DEPARTAMENTO DE SA?DE. Retrieved from http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/562

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Costa, Raphael Silva Nogueira. “Associa??o entre terapia antirretroviral e o risco cardiovascular em pessoas que vivem com HIV/AIDS.” 2016. Masters Thesis, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana; Mestrado Acad?mico em Sa?de Coletiva; UEFS; Brasil; DEPARTAMENTO DE SA?DE. Accessed April 11, 2021. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/562.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Costa, Raphael Silva Nogueira. “Associa??o entre terapia antirretroviral e o risco cardiovascular em pessoas que vivem com HIV/AIDS.” 2016. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Costa RSN. Associa??o entre terapia antirretroviral e o risco cardiovascular em pessoas que vivem com HIV/AIDS. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana; Mestrado Acad?mico em Sa?de Coletiva; UEFS; Brasil; DEPARTAMENTO DE SA?DE; 2016. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/562.

Council of Science Editors:

Costa RSN. Associa??o entre terapia antirretroviral e o risco cardiovascular em pessoas que vivem com HIV/AIDS. [Masters Thesis]. Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana; Mestrado Acad?mico em Sa?de Coletiva; UEFS; Brasil; DEPARTAMENTO DE SA?DE; 2016. Available from: http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/562

University of Ottawa

20. Nicholas, Ali. Predicting Risk Factors of Non-Contact Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries during Single-Leg Landing .

Degree: 2015, University of Ottawa

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32038

► The literature suggests that body kinematics and musculoskeletal differences are major factors contributing to the high disparity in non-contact Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injury rate… (more)

▼ The literature suggests that body kinematics and musculoskeletal differences are major factors contributing to the high disparity in non-contact Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injury rate between genders. The literature also indicates that the incidence of non-contact ACL injury predominates during single-leg landing sports such as basketball, soccer, and handball. Despite this, there are few studies investigating kinematics or musculoskeletal differences between genders during single-leg landing from increasing vertical heights and horizontal distances. The objectives of this study are threefold: first, conduct a gap study identifying the barriers to predicting mechanisms and risk factors for non-contact ACL injury. Second, propose a new approach that can address some of the challenges encountered in some existing non-contact ACL injury study approaches. Finally, whilst determining whether or not gender differences explain the higher rate of ACL injuries among females, identify and correlate the biomechanical and musculoskeletal variables significantly impacted by gender, vertical landing height, and/or horizontal landing distance and their interactions to various ACL injury risk predictor variables during single-leg landing. Experiments using male and female subjects, inverse dynamics analysis using Visual3D, and musculoskeletal modeling simulation using AnyBody Modeling System were approaches used to explore these objectives. Salient findings from this dissertation includes but are not limited to, non-contact ACL injury that occurs during single-leg landing is mutifaceted entailing many factors that cannot be captured in any one existing ACL injury study approach. Non-contact ACL injury during single-leg landing may not be gender specific. Both vertical height and horizontal distance of landing increase the risk of non-contact ACL injury during single-leg landing. Body kinematics during single-leg landing may not be the sole determinant in attenuating ground reaction forces and consequently risk of ACL injury. The hamstring and gastrocnemius muscles were determined to strain shield the ACL while the quadriceps were found to have no significant effect on risk of ACL injury during single-leg landing. Within the findings and limitations of this study the knowledge garnered from this research may aid in tailoring future studies so as to enable more robust non-contact ACL injury prevention protocols.

Subjects/Keywords: Risk factors

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APA (6^th Edition):

Nicholas, A. (2015). Predicting Risk Factors of Non-Contact Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries during Single-Leg Landing . (Thesis). University of Ottawa. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32038

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Nicholas, Ali. “Predicting Risk Factors of Non-Contact Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries during Single-Leg Landing .” 2015. Thesis, University of Ottawa. Accessed April 11, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32038.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Nicholas, Ali. “Predicting Risk Factors of Non-Contact Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries during Single-Leg Landing .” 2015. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Nicholas A. Predicting Risk Factors of Non-Contact Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries during Single-Leg Landing . [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Ottawa; 2015. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32038.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Nicholas A. Predicting Risk Factors of Non-Contact Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries during Single-Leg Landing . [Thesis]. University of Ottawa; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32038

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

21. Domingues, Elza Aparecida Machado. Seguimiento farmacoterapéutico en pacientes mayores infectados por el VIH: impacto sobre el riesgo cardiovascular y la calidad de vida.

Degree: 2016, Brazil

URL: https://repositorio.ufms.br/handle/123456789/2962

► RESUMEN - Resumen Introducción: La prevalencia de enfermedades cardiovasculares en pacientes infectados por el VIH es motivo de creciente preocupación. El impacto positivo de los… (more)

▼ RESUMEN - Resumen Introducción: La prevalencia de enfermedades cardiovasculares en pacientes infectados por el VIH es motivo de creciente preocupación. El impacto positivo de los servicios farmacéuticos en el control de los factores de riesgo cardiovascular (FRCV) han sido comprobados en diversos estudios, sin embargo son escasos los realizados en pacientes VIH. Objetivos: Estudiar las características sociodemográficas, clínicas, farmacológicas, los FRCV y el riesgo cardiovascular (RCV) de pacientes VIH mayores de 50 años con tratamiento antirretroviral (TARV) en un estudio retrospectivo y en un estudio prospectivo de pacientes VIH con RCV moderado/elevado. Detectar, analizar, prevenir y resolver los resultados negativos asociado a la medicación (RNM) de pacientes VIH con RCV moderado/elevado. Evaluar el impacto del seguimiento farmacoterapéutico sobre el RCV y la calidad de vida relacionada a la salud (CVRS) de pacientes VIH mayores de 50 años con RCV moderado/elevado. Metodología: Se realizaron dos estudios: estudio observacional retrospectivo de seguimiento y estudio cuasi-experimental antes-después con un grupo de pacientes. La población de estudio fue constituida de los pacientes atendidos en las consultas externas del servicio de farmacia del Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada. Se incluyeron pacientes VIH mayores de 50 años y en TARV en el estudio observacional. Se incluyeron pacientes VIH mayores de 50 años y en TARV, con RCV estimado por la ecuación SCORE >2%, que aceptaron participar y firmaron un consentimiento informado por escrito en el estudio cuasi-experimental. El estudio observacional se realizó de marzo/2012 a julio/13 y el estudio cuasi-experimental de abril/2013 a noviembre/2014. La variable dependiente del estudio observacional fue el RCV estimado por las ecuaciones Framingham, PROCAM, REGICOR y SCORE. Las variables dependientes del estudio cuasi-experimental fueron el RCV, estimado por las ecuaciones SCORE y REGICOR, y la CVRS, medida por los cuestionarios SF-36 y MOS-HIV. Las variables estudiadas fueron obtenidas en el historial clínico y en los registros de dispensación de la farmacia, en el estudio observacional y además en entrevista con los pacientes en el estudio cuasi-experimental. Las intervenciones realizadas en el estudio cuasi-experimental fueron integradas dentro de un servicio de seguimiento farmacoterapeutico según el método Dader con 12 meses de seguimiento por paciente. Resultados: Los pacientes incluidos en los estudios observacional y cuasi-experimental fueron mayoritariamente hombres con un elevado tiempo de TARV y un buen control de la infección VIH. La prevalencia de comorbilidades fue elevada en los dos estudios, siendo la hipertensión (43,5%) más frecuente en el observacional y la coinfección VIH-VHC (39,7%) en el estudio cuasi-experimental. El tratamiento asociado más prescrito fue el hipolipemiante (el 54,30% de los pacientes en el estudio observacional y el 34,2% en el cuasi-experimental). Sin embargo, se observaron valores elevados en las… Advisors/Committee Members: Hernandez, Miguel Ángel Calleja.

Subjects/Keywords: HIV; Antirretrovirais; Atenção Farmacêutica; Qualidade de Vida; Fatores de Risco; Anti-Retroviral Agents; Pharmaceutical Care; Quality of Life; Risk Factors

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APA (6^th Edition):

Domingues, E. A. M. (2016). Seguimiento farmacoterapéutico en pacientes mayores infectados por el VIH: impacto sobre el riesgo cardiovascular y la calidad de vida. (Doctoral Dissertation). Brazil. Retrieved from https://repositorio.ufms.br/handle/123456789/2962

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Domingues, Elza Aparecida Machado. “Seguimiento farmacoterapéutico en pacientes mayores infectados por el VIH: impacto sobre el riesgo cardiovascular y la calidad de vida.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, Brazil. Accessed April 11, 2021. https://repositorio.ufms.br/handle/123456789/2962.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Domingues, Elza Aparecida Machado. “Seguimiento farmacoterapéutico en pacientes mayores infectados por el VIH: impacto sobre el riesgo cardiovascular y la calidad de vida.” 2016. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Domingues EAM. Seguimiento farmacoterapéutico en pacientes mayores infectados por el VIH: impacto sobre el riesgo cardiovascular y la calidad de vida. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Brazil; 2016. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: https://repositorio.ufms.br/handle/123456789/2962.

Council of Science Editors:

Domingues EAM. Seguimiento farmacoterapéutico en pacientes mayores infectados por el VIH: impacto sobre el riesgo cardiovascular y la calidad de vida. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Brazil; 2016. Available from: https://repositorio.ufms.br/handle/123456789/2962

Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University

22. Chada, Sravanthi. A new synthetic approach for preparation of efavirenz.

Degree: Faculty of Science, 2017, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/15512

► Efavirenz, a drug that is still inaccessible to millions of people worldwide, is potent non nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI), is one of the preferred… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Asymmetric synthesis; Antiretroviral agents; Enzyme inhibitors; HIV (Viruses) – Enzymes

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APA (6^th Edition):

Chada, S. (2017). A new synthetic approach for preparation of efavirenz. (Thesis). Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10948/15512

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Chada, Sravanthi. “A new synthetic approach for preparation of efavirenz.” 2017. Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University. Accessed April 11, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/15512.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Chada, Sravanthi. “A new synthetic approach for preparation of efavirenz.” 2017. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Chada S. A new synthetic approach for preparation of efavirenz. [Internet] [Thesis]. Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University; 2017. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/15512.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Chada S. A new synthetic approach for preparation of efavirenz. [Thesis]. Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/15512

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University

23. Nqabeni, Luxolo. Development of an antiretroviral solid dosage form using multivariate analysis.

Degree: MSc, Faculty of Health Sciences, 2007, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/705

► The aim of pharmaceutical development is to design a quality product and the manufacturing process to deliver the product in a reproducible manner. The development… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Analysis of variance; Experimental design; Multivariate analysis; Antiretroviral agents – South Africa

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APA (6^th Edition):

Nqabeni, L. (2007). Development of an antiretroviral solid dosage form using multivariate analysis. (Masters Thesis). Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10948/705

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Nqabeni, Luxolo. “Development of an antiretroviral solid dosage form using multivariate analysis.” 2007. Masters Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University. Accessed April 11, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/705.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Nqabeni, Luxolo. “Development of an antiretroviral solid dosage form using multivariate analysis.” 2007. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Nqabeni L. Development of an antiretroviral solid dosage form using multivariate analysis. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University; 2007. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/705.

Council of Science Editors:

Nqabeni L. Development of an antiretroviral solid dosage form using multivariate analysis. [Masters Thesis]. Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University; 2007. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/705

24. Manda, John. Antiretroviral therapy(ART) and sexual behaviour among people living with HIV: A case study of Lusaka.

Degree: 2013, University of Zimbabwe

URL: http://dspace.unza.zm/handle/123456789/2979

► Background: With thousands of the HIV infected Zambian population on ART, there are worries that people on ART may be engaging in high risk sexual… (more)

▼ Background: With thousands of the HIV infected Zambian population on ART, there are worries that people on ART may be engaging in high risk sexual behaviours thereby nullifying the impact of current HIV prevention efforts.Objectives: This study therefore investigated sexual behaviours among people on ART in Lusaka District. It was specifically aimed to assess the knowledge and attitudes regarding the HIV infectivity of people on ART, assess levels of condom use, investigate the number of sexual partners and types of partners people on ART have sex with. It further evaluated the associations between duration of being on ART, HIV status disclosure, exposure to positive living messages, attitudes on the HIV infectivity of people on ART and social, economic and demographic factors on having multiple sexual partnerships and consistent condom use.Methods: Three hundred and twenty men and women aged 15-49 participated in this study and they were interviewed based on a mixed methods, quantitative and qualitative, cross-sectional study methodology.Results: key findings of this study were that multiple sexual partners among people on ART were high (21percent), non-condom use at last sex was high (19 percent) and consistent condom use was very low (14 percent). Results further showed that longer duration on ART (p=0.03), and being exposed to positive living messages (p=0.04), were associated with having only on sexual partner (p=0.03). Exposure to positive living messages (p=0.05) was also associated with safer sex; consistent condom use. Male respondents (OR: 11, p=0.001), those with secondary education and higher (OR: 2.3, p=0.04), shorter duration on ART, and no exposure to positive living messages (OR: 2, p=0.04) were significantly and positively associated with having multiple sexual partners. Having secondary education and higher (OR: 2.6, p=0.001), and exposure to positive living messages were significantly and positively associated with consistent condom use.Conclusions: The findings of this study signal a picture of high-risk sexual behaviours among people on ART. This study thus recommends that focused interventions needs to be designed to primarily target people living with HIV to inspire behaviors that will result in the reduction of new HIV infections. Specifically, programs should promote condom use among married partners, couples HIV testing, HIV status disclosure and intensification of health communication targeting people on ART.

Subjects/Keywords: AIDS (Disease) – Social aspects – Africa, Sub-Saharan.; Antiretroviral agents.

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APA (6^th Edition):

Manda, J. (2013). Antiretroviral therapy(ART) and sexual behaviour among people living with HIV: A case study of Lusaka. (Thesis). University of Zimbabwe. Retrieved from http://dspace.unza.zm/handle/123456789/2979

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Manda, John. “Antiretroviral therapy(ART) and sexual behaviour among people living with HIV: A case study of Lusaka.” 2013. Thesis, University of Zimbabwe. Accessed April 11, 2021. http://dspace.unza.zm/handle/123456789/2979.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Manda, John. “Antiretroviral therapy(ART) and sexual behaviour among people living with HIV: A case study of Lusaka.” 2013. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Manda J. Antiretroviral therapy(ART) and sexual behaviour among people living with HIV: A case study of Lusaka. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Zimbabwe; 2013. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: http://dspace.unza.zm/handle/123456789/2979.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Manda J. Antiretroviral therapy(ART) and sexual behaviour among people living with HIV: A case study of Lusaka. [Thesis]. University of Zimbabwe; 2013. Available from: http://dspace.unza.zm/handle/123456789/2979

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Delaware

25. Cardozo, Erwing Fabian. Multi-compartmental modeling of HIV-1 cryptic viremia.

Degree: PhD, University of Delaware, Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, 2014, University of Delaware

URL: http://udspace.udel.edu/handle/19716/13373

► Combination Antiretroviral Therapy (cART) can suppress plasma HIV below the limit of detection in normal assays. Recently reported results suggest that viral replication may continue… (more)

▼ Combination Antiretroviral Therapy (cART) can suppress plasma HIV below the limit of detection in normal assays. Recently reported results suggest that viral replication may continue in some patients, despite undetectable levels in the blood. It is broadly reported that latently infected cells are the main cause of this persistence under cART. It has been suggested that the appearance of the circularized episomal HIV DNA artifact 2-LTR, following treatment intensification with the integrase inhibitor raltegravir, is a marker of ongoing viral replication. These 2-LTR episomes are assumed to be formed from the virus DNA copies that could not be integrated in the DNA of the CD4+ T Cells caused by raltegravir. Other work has suggested that lymphoid organs may be a site of reduced antiviral penetration and increased viral production. Given the fact that raltegravir does not affect viral load in peripheral blood, the main hypothesis of viral persistence through ongoing replication is that the process is happening in anatomical reservoirs related to poor penetration of reverse transcriptase and protease inhibitors. This thesis proposes a mathematical model to investigate whether lymph nodes can function as sanctuary sites for ongoing viral replication and investigates the patterns of 2-LTR formation expected after raltegravir application, incorporating spatial dynamics to previous models. It also describes the mechanisms by which this could be possible, and the conditions needed to generate the transient behavior of both measured 2-LTR and HIV viremia in the blood after administering raltegravir in patients on apparently suppressive cART regimens as shown in recent studies. A multi-compartmental differential equation is described taking into account the dynamics of infected and uninfected CD4+ T cells, free virus, and cells containing 2-LTR circles. The sanctuary site is modeled with limited penetration of the antiviral drugs. Experimental data and previously published distributions are used to estimate the reaction and diffusion parameters and HIV and T-cells rates in a Monte-Carlo simulation of the model to determine what parameter values are consistent with the observed 2-LTR transient behavior. This thesis analyzes the effect of different suboptimal penetration of drug in cART, the anatomical reservoir size on cryptic viremia for hyperplastic follicles inside lymph nodes and its possible effect in the formation of viral blips and 2-LTR circles in the blood. Using previous 2-LTR circles data, this thesis presents how these conditions have to be meet in order to have 2-LTR formation in PBMC. Furthermore, through a Bayesian MCMC analysis this thesis aims to find how much T cells recirculation time could affect previous estimation of 2-LTR circles half-life. Based on that, it finally presents that measurable 2-LTR peaks might be correlated to total infection in the body, but with different patterns of drug penetration combinations and reservoir size for each peak. Advisors/Committee Members: Zurakowski, Ryan.

Subjects/Keywords: Retroviruses – Genetic aspects.; HIV (Viruses); Lymph nodes.; Antiretroviral agents.; Mathematical models.

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APA (6^th Edition):

Cardozo, E. F. (2014). Multi-compartmental modeling of HIV-1 cryptic viremia. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Delaware. Retrieved from http://udspace.udel.edu/handle/19716/13373

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Cardozo, Erwing Fabian. “Multi-compartmental modeling of HIV-1 cryptic viremia.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Delaware. Accessed April 11, 2021. http://udspace.udel.edu/handle/19716/13373.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Cardozo, Erwing Fabian. “Multi-compartmental modeling of HIV-1 cryptic viremia.” 2014. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Cardozo EF. Multi-compartmental modeling of HIV-1 cryptic viremia. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Delaware; 2014. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: http://udspace.udel.edu/handle/19716/13373.

Council of Science Editors:

Cardozo EF. Multi-compartmental modeling of HIV-1 cryptic viremia. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Delaware; 2014. Available from: http://udspace.udel.edu/handle/19716/13373

Columbia University

26. Ogallo, William. Leveraging Knowledge-Based Approaches to Promote Antiretroviral Toxicity Monitoring in Underserved Settings.

Degree: 2017, Columbia University

URL: https://doi.org/10.7916/D8TM7PN4

► As access and use of antiretroviral therapy continue to increase, the need to improve antiretroviral toxicity monitoring becomes more critical. This is particularly so in… (more)

▼ As access and use of antiretroviral therapy continue to increase, the need to improve antiretroviral toxicity monitoring becomes more critical. This is particularly so in underserved settings, where patterns of antiretroviral toxicities possibly alter the need for and frequency of antiretroviral toxicity monitoring. However, barriers such as few skilled healthcare providers and poor infrastructure make antiretroviral toxicity monitoring in underserved settings difficult. The purpose of this dissertation was to investigate how standard clinical guidelines, knowledge-based clinical decision support, and task delegation could be leveraged to overcome barriers to antiretroviral toxicity monitoring in underserved settings. The strategy adopted in this dissertation was guided by the Design Science Research Methodology that emphasizes the generation of scientific knowledge through building novel artifacts. Two qualitative descriptive studies were conducted to characterize the contextual factors associated with antiretroviral toxicity monitoring in underserved settings. Supported by the findings from these studies, a knowledge-based software application prototype that implements clinical practice guidelines for antiretroviral toxicity monitoring was developed. Next, a quantitative validation study was used to evaluate the structure and behavior of the prototype’s knowledge base. Lastly, a quantitative usability study was conducted to assess lay health worker perceptions of the satisfaction and mental effort associated with the use of checklists generated by the prototype. This dissertation research produced empirical evidence about the broad motives and strategies for promoting medication adherence, safety, and effectiveness in underserved settings. It also identified barriers and facilitators of antiretroviral toxicity monitoring within ambulatory HIV care workflows in underserved settings. Additionally, it provided evidence about the extent to which antiretroviral toxicity domain knowledge could be implemented in a knowledge-based application for supporting point-of-care antiretroviral toxicity monitoring. Lastly, the research provided previously unavailable empirical evidence about the perceptions of lay peer health workers on the use of checklists for the documentation of antiretroviral toxicities.

Subjects/Keywords: Medical sciences; Information science; Antiretroviral agents; Toxicity testing; Bioinformatics

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APA (6^th Edition):

Ogallo, W. (2017). Leveraging Knowledge-Based Approaches to Promote Antiretroviral Toxicity Monitoring in Underserved Settings. (Doctoral Dissertation). Columbia University. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.7916/D8TM7PN4

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Ogallo, William. “Leveraging Knowledge-Based Approaches to Promote Antiretroviral Toxicity Monitoring in Underserved Settings.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, Columbia University. Accessed April 11, 2021. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8TM7PN4.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Ogallo, William. “Leveraging Knowledge-Based Approaches to Promote Antiretroviral Toxicity Monitoring in Underserved Settings.” 2017. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Ogallo W. Leveraging Knowledge-Based Approaches to Promote Antiretroviral Toxicity Monitoring in Underserved Settings. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Columbia University; 2017. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.7916/D8TM7PN4.

Council of Science Editors:

Ogallo W. Leveraging Knowledge-Based Approaches to Promote Antiretroviral Toxicity Monitoring in Underserved Settings. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Columbia University; 2017. Available from: https://doi.org/10.7916/D8TM7PN4

27. Schoor, Rachel A. Psychosocial factors and antiretroviral medication adherence among people living with HIV who attend support groups.

Degree: MA, 2012, Ball State University

URL: http://cardinalscholar.bsu.edu/handle/123456789/197008

► The relationships between post-traumatic growth (PTG), benefit finding, happiness, pessimism and antiretroviral (ART) medication adherence were examined among 10 people living with HIV or AIDS… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: HIV-positive persons – Psychology.; Patient compliance.; Antiretroviral agents.; Self-help groups.

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APA (6^th Edition):

Schoor, R. A. (2012). Psychosocial factors and antiretroviral medication adherence among people living with HIV who attend support groups. (Masters Thesis). Ball State University. Retrieved from http://cardinalscholar.bsu.edu/handle/123456789/197008

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Schoor, Rachel A. “Psychosocial factors and antiretroviral medication adherence among people living with HIV who attend support groups.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Ball State University. Accessed April 11, 2021. http://cardinalscholar.bsu.edu/handle/123456789/197008.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Schoor, Rachel A. “Psychosocial factors and antiretroviral medication adherence among people living with HIV who attend support groups.” 2012. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Schoor RA. Psychosocial factors and antiretroviral medication adherence among people living with HIV who attend support groups. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Ball State University; 2012. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: http://cardinalscholar.bsu.edu/handle/123456789/197008.

Council of Science Editors:

Schoor RA. Psychosocial factors and antiretroviral medication adherence among people living with HIV who attend support groups. [Masters Thesis]. Ball State University; 2012. Available from: http://cardinalscholar.bsu.edu/handle/123456789/197008

Cape Peninsula University of Technology

28. Oluoch, Okumu Fredrick. Synthesis and characterization of bimetallic silver and platinum nanoparticles as electrochemical sensor for nevirapine, an anti-HIV drug .

Degree: 2016, Cape Peninsula University of Technology

URL: http://etd.cput.ac.za/handle/20.500.11838/2319

► Bimetallic silver-platinum (Ag-Pt) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized via simultaneous reduction of varying mole fractions of metal precursors H2PtCl6.6H2O and AgNO3 by sodium citrate. Kinetics rates… (more)

▼ Bimetallic silver-platinum (Ag-Pt) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized via simultaneous reduction of varying mole fractions of metal precursors H2PtCl6.6H2O and AgNO3 by sodium citrate. Kinetics rates of were as follows; Ag NPs (0.079 s-1), Ag-Pt NPs 1:1 (0.082 s-1) and Pt NPs (0.006 s-1). The UV visible spectrum of Ag NPs exhibited a characteristic absorption band while Pt NPs and Ag-Pt bimetallic NPs exhibited no absorption peaks. Successful formation of both monometallic and bimetallic NPs was confirmed via transmission electron microscopy (TEM); selected area electron diffraction (SAED) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. TEM images depicted core-shell arrangement in the bimetallic (BM) NP ratios (1:1, 1:3 and 3:1) with an average particle size of 21 nm. The particle size trend where monometallic Ag NPs (60 nm) > Pt NPs (2.5 nm) while in the BM ratios Ag-Pt NPs 1:1 (25 nm) > Ag-Pt NPs 1:3 (20.7 nm). X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns depicted crystallinity in all the synthesized NPs with confirmation of the face centred cubic structure formation. Transducers were fabricated by drop casting the nanoparticless on the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) and their electrochemical properties studied via cyclic voltammetry (CV). High diffusion coefficient (D) and surface coverage reported were Ag NPs (6.70 cm2 s-1, 54.49 mol cm-2 ) and Ag-Pt NPs 1:1 (0.62 cm2 s-11.85 mol cm-2). Electrochemical band gaps ranged from 1.45 to 1.70 eV while the Tauc’s model band gaps of nanoparticles were found in the range of 2.48 to 3.84 eV. These band gaps were found to be inversely proportional to particle size, which was attributed to the quantum confinement effect. Both optical and electrochemical band gap portrayed similar trend as well as an increase in the BM NP relative to monometallics. These nanoparticles band gaps are within semiconductor range for most materials. The electrochemical behaviour and surface characteristics were studied using 0.1 M PBS solution by scan rates variations for the diffusion coefficient determination of modified electrodes which ranged from 0.62 to 6.10 x 10-5 cm2 s-1. Laviron’s approach for parameters such as apparent charge transfer rate constant, ks, and charge transfer coefficient, α, for electron transfer between NPs and GCE were investigated using CV. The values of electron-transfer coefficients ranged from 0.1 to 0.7 while the charge transfer rate constant values ranged from 0.74 to 31.13 s-1. Advisors/Committee Members: Matoetoe, MC (advisor), Fakoti, Olalekan S., Prof (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Electrochemical sensors; Nanoparticles; HIV (Viruses) – Treatment; Nevirapine; Electrochemistry; Antiretroviral agents

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APA (6^th Edition):

Oluoch, O. F. (2016). Synthesis and characterization of bimetallic silver and platinum nanoparticles as electrochemical sensor for nevirapine, an anti-HIV drug . (Thesis). Cape Peninsula University of Technology. Retrieved from http://etd.cput.ac.za/handle/20.500.11838/2319

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Oluoch, Okumu Fredrick. “Synthesis and characterization of bimetallic silver and platinum nanoparticles as electrochemical sensor for nevirapine, an anti-HIV drug .” 2016. Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology. Accessed April 11, 2021. http://etd.cput.ac.za/handle/20.500.11838/2319.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Oluoch, Okumu Fredrick. “Synthesis and characterization of bimetallic silver and platinum nanoparticles as electrochemical sensor for nevirapine, an anti-HIV drug .” 2016. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Oluoch OF. Synthesis and characterization of bimetallic silver and platinum nanoparticles as electrochemical sensor for nevirapine, an anti-HIV drug . [Internet] [Thesis]. Cape Peninsula University of Technology; 2016. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: http://etd.cput.ac.za/handle/20.500.11838/2319.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Oluoch OF. Synthesis and characterization of bimetallic silver and platinum nanoparticles as electrochemical sensor for nevirapine, an anti-HIV drug . [Thesis]. Cape Peninsula University of Technology; 2016. Available from: http://etd.cput.ac.za/handle/20.500.11838/2319

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Stellenbosch University

29. Obasa, Adetayo Emmanuel Adegbenga. Multidisciplinary viral analyses in people living with HIV-1C and receiving second-line combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) in South Africa.

Degree: DSc, Pathology, 2019, Stellenbosch University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/106938

► ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The use of combination Antiretroviral Therapy (cART) has grown since its first introduction into the South African public sector. cART has significantly reduced… (more)

▼ ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The use of combination Antiretroviral Therapy (cART) has grown since its first introduction into the South African public sector. cART has significantly reduced the mortality rate caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in both high- and low-to-middle-income countries. The development of drug resistance has challenged the outcome of cART. This has led to the introduction of Integrase (IN) strand transfer inhibitors (InSTIs) as part of the first-line cART regimen. Due to their superior efficacy and high genetic barrier, this class of drugs was previously reserved as salvage therapy. The World Health Organization (WHO) supports InSTIs as first-line regimen non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) particularly in regions where pre-treatment drug resistance to NNRTIs reaches 10%. Therefore, this study aimed to (i) to investigate the prevalence of InSTI mutations in treatment-naïve and treatment-experienced PLHIV using genotypic assays, which included Sanger sequencing, next-generation sequencing (NGS) and molecular modelling; (ii) analysed Long Terminal Repeats (LTR) to identify transcription factor binding sites. Chapter 2: Ninety-one (n = 91) treatment-naïve patients were obtained before the start of antiretroviral treatment in South Africa. Furthermore, we included 314 South African patient sequences obtained from the Los Alamos National Library database (www.lanl.gov). The IN gene ~ 900 base pairs [bps] was amplified and sequenced using conventional DNA Sanger sequencing. Homology structure was generated using the cryoEM structure of HIV-1B IN intasome (PDB file 5U1C) using ‘Prime’ of Schrodinger Suit. Chapter 3: Ninety-six (n = 96) treatment-experienced patients receiving boosted protease inhibitors (bPIs) as part of their cART treatment regimen were obtained for further analyses. We performed conventional DNA Sanger sequencing to analyse the complete pol gene (~3011bps) and sequences were analysed using the Stanford HIV drug resistance database to assess genotypic resistance associated mutations (RAMs). Chapter 4: Fifty-six (n = 56) treatment-experienced patients receiving boosted protease inhibitors (bPIs) as part of their cART treatment regimen were obtained. We performed a high-throughput (HT) sequence analyses on the complete pol gene using Illumina HiSeq2500, followed by bioinformatics analysis to quantify the RAMs according to the Stanford HIV drug resistance database. Chapter 5 and 6: We performed in-silico analyses on diverse HIV-1 subtypes based on 8114 sequences. These included treatment naïve and downloaded sequences from the HIV Los Alamos National Library Database (www.lanl.gov). Homology derived molecular models of HIV-1 IN tetramers from different subtypes were generated using cryoEM structure of the HIV-1B IN intasome. Chapter 7: Fifty-six (n = 56) treatment-experienced patients receiving boosted protease inhibitors (bPIs) … Advisors/Committee Members: Jacobs, Graeme Brendon, Neogi, Ujjwal, Kamalendra, Singh, Cloete, Ruben, Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Dept. of Pathology: Medical Virology.

Subjects/Keywords: HIV/AIDS; HIV-positive persons; Antiretroviral agents; Medical virology

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Obasa, A. E. A. (2019). Multidisciplinary viral analyses in people living with HIV-1C and receiving second-line combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) in South Africa. (Thesis). Stellenbosch University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/106938

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Obasa, Adetayo Emmanuel Adegbenga. “Multidisciplinary viral analyses in people living with HIV-1C and receiving second-line combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) in South Africa.” 2019. Thesis, Stellenbosch University. Accessed April 11, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/106938.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Obasa, Adetayo Emmanuel Adegbenga. “Multidisciplinary viral analyses in people living with HIV-1C and receiving second-line combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) in South Africa.” 2019. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Obasa AEA. Multidisciplinary viral analyses in people living with HIV-1C and receiving second-line combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) in South Africa. [Internet] [Thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2019. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/106938.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Obasa AEA. Multidisciplinary viral analyses in people living with HIV-1C and receiving second-line combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) in South Africa. [Thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/106938

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Rhodes University

30. Nkhalamba, Mathero Michelle. The lived experiences of women with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Malawi: an interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA).

Degree: Faculty of Humanities, Psychology, 2020, Rhodes University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/145291

► Research on African women and HIV, particularly research that investigates their experiences of living with the virus, has been relatively peripheral. As a response to… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: HIV-positive women – Malawi; HIV infections – Sex factors – Malawi; HIV infections – Social aspects – Malawi; HIV-positive women – Malawi – Social conditions; HIV-positive women – Malawi – Economic conditions; Poverty – Malawi; Antiretroviral agents – Malawi; Phenomenological psychology

Record Details Similar Records Cite « Share

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Nkhalamba, M. M. (2020). The lived experiences of women with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Malawi: an interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). (Thesis). Rhodes University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10962/145291

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Nkhalamba, Mathero Michelle. “The lived experiences of women with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Malawi: an interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA).” 2020. Thesis, Rhodes University. Accessed April 11, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/145291.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Nkhalamba, Mathero Michelle. “The lived experiences of women with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Malawi: an interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA).” 2020. Web. 11 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Nkhalamba MM. The lived experiences of women with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Malawi: an interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). [Internet] [Thesis]. Rhodes University; 2020. [cited 2021 Apr 11]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/145291.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Nkhalamba MM. The lived experiences of women with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Malawi: an interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). [Thesis]. Rhodes University; 2020. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/145291

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

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