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Kansas State University
1.
Eckerle, Gregory J.
Mitigation of
condensed tannins found in sericea lespedeza (Lespedza
cuneata).
Degree: PhD, Department of Animal Sciences
and Industry, 2011, Kansas State University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/13088 
► Sericea lespedeza (SL; Lespedeza cuneata) is classified as an invasive plant throughout the Great Plains. It infests over 600,000 acres in Kansas. Increasing grazing pressure…
(more)
▼ Sericea lespedeza (SL; Lespedeza cuneata) is
classified as an invasive plant throughout the Great Plains. It
infests over 600,000 acres in Kansas. Increasing grazing pressure
on SL may reduce seed production and slow the spread of the plant;
however, intake of SL by grazing beef cattle is poor, due to the
presence of tannins in the plant. Condensed tannins reduce protein
digestion by ruminants and may also decrease plant palatability.
Detailed study of the appetite-suppressing effects of SL under
controlled conditions is essential in order to develop appropriate
strategies to increase grazing pressure on this plant. Such
information could lead to a degree of biological control of this
noxious weed using domestic herbivores.
We compared intakes of
tallgrass prairie hay by beef cows when hay was either
uncontaminated or heavily contaminated by SL. Beef cows fed
contaminated hay exhibited a profound aversion to compared to
similar uncontaminated hay. Furthermore, differences in voluntary
DMI between contaminated and uncontaminated hays of similar
chemical composition were manifested rapidly after introduction of
contaminated hay into beef cow diets.
Supplementation with corn
steep liquor (CSL) increased tolerance of beef cows for SL. It
ameliorated the negative consequences of tannin consumption in a
dose-dependent manner when fed to beef cows in confinement. The
beef cows in our study had only limited opportunity to selectively
avoid SL because it was offered in chopped form and in a mixture
with other forage species. It was unknown if beef cattle
supplemented with CSL would readily consume forage contaminated by
SL when uncontaminated forage was available simultaneously.
Therefore, we examined the effects of CSL fed to beef cows on
voluntary selection of tallgrass prairie hay contaminated by SL
when uncontaminated tallgrass prairie hay was also available.
Supplemental CSL (0.6 kg DM/d) increased both acceptance of and
tolerance for SL by beef cows. It ameliorated some of the negative
consequences of tannin consumption on digestible DM intake. In
addition, voluntary consumption of SL-contaminated forage increased
by 25% in supplemented vs. unsupplemented beef cows. It is unknown
if supplemental CSL can promote voluntary selection of
actively-growing SL by beef cattle grazing native rangeland in the
Kansas Flint Hills.
Advisors/Committee Members: K.C. Olson.
Subjects/Keywords: Cattle;
Sericea;
Tannins;
Forage; Animal Sciences (0475)
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APA (6th Edition):
Eckerle, G. J. (2011). Mitigation of
condensed tannins found in sericea lespedeza (Lespedza
cuneata). (Doctoral Dissertation). Kansas State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2097/13088
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Eckerle, Gregory J. “Mitigation of
condensed tannins found in sericea lespedeza (Lespedza
cuneata).” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, Kansas State University. Accessed January 17, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2097/13088.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Eckerle, Gregory J. “Mitigation of
condensed tannins found in sericea lespedeza (Lespedza
cuneata).” 2011. Web. 17 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Eckerle GJ. Mitigation of
condensed tannins found in sericea lespedeza (Lespedza
cuneata). [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Kansas State University; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 17].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/13088.
Council of Science Editors:
Eckerle GJ. Mitigation of
condensed tannins found in sericea lespedeza (Lespedza
cuneata). [Doctoral Dissertation]. Kansas State University; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/13088
2.
Payne, Caleigh.
The role of
prebiotics in dairy calf performance, health, and immune
function.
Degree: MS, Animal Sciences and
Industry, 2015, Kansas State University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/20420
► Rapid responses in milk production to changes in dairy cow management, nutrition, and health give producers feedback to help optimize the production and health of…
(more)
▼ Rapid responses in milk production to changes in dairy
cow management, nutrition, and health give producers feedback to
help optimize the production and health of dairy cattle. On the
contrary, a producer waits up to two years before the investments
in calf growth and health are observed thru lactation. Even so,
performance, health, and immune status during this time play a
large role in subsequent cow production and performance.
A recent
report from the USDA’s National
Animal Health Monitoring System
estimated that 7.6 to 8.0% of dairy heifers die prior to weaning
and 1.7 to 1.9% die post-weaning (2010). The cost of feed, housing,
and management with no return in milk production make for
substantial replacement-heifer cost. Therefore, management
strategies to improve calf health, performance, and immune function
are needed.
Prebiotic supplementation has gained interest in
recent years as a method to improve gastrointestinal health and
immune function in livestock. It has been provided that prebiotic
supplementation may be most effective in times of stress or
increased pathogen exposure throughout the calf’s lifetime
(McGuirk, 2010; Heinrichs et al., 2009; Morrison et al., 2010).
Multiple studies have researched the effect of prebiotics around
the time of weaning, but to the author’s knowledge, none have
focused on prebiotic’s effects during the transition from
individual housing prior to weaning to commingled housing
post-weaning which may also be a time of stress or increased
pathogen exposure. Therefore, a study was conducted to determine
the effects of prebiotic supplementation of mannan-oligosaccharide
and beta-glucan during this commingling phase. The results indicate
that prebiotic supplementation alters feeding behavior, modulates
neutrophil function, and increases antibody response during this
time.
The purpose of industry-based research, such as studies
on prebiotics and other methods to improve calf health and
performance, is to provide producers with tools to advance and
improve their operations. In this respect, it is beneficial to
learn what producers’ needs are and what they are interested in
improving. An extension survey was conducted to establish
priorities, need, and management practices of Kansas dairy
producers. The results of the survey indicate that nearly half of
the producers (49.3%) are interested in extension programs focused
on calf/heifer management. Similarly, over half (54.8%) of the
producers responded that they are interested in improving
calf/heifer management in the next 5 years. The death loss observed
as well as the results of the survey display a need and a producer
desire to improve calf management, warranting research on
prebiotics and further methods to continue to improve calf health
and performance
Advisors/Committee Members: Lindsey E. Hulbert.
Subjects/Keywords: Dairy;
Calves;
Prebiotics; Animal Sciences (0475)
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APA (6th Edition):
Payne, C. (2015). The role of
prebiotics in dairy calf performance, health, and immune
function. (Masters Thesis). Kansas State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2097/20420
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Payne, Caleigh. “The role of
prebiotics in dairy calf performance, health, and immune
function.” 2015. Masters Thesis, Kansas State University. Accessed January 17, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2097/20420.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Payne, Caleigh. “The role of
prebiotics in dairy calf performance, health, and immune
function.” 2015. Web. 17 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Payne C. The role of
prebiotics in dairy calf performance, health, and immune
function. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Kansas State University; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 17].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/20420.
Council of Science Editors:
Payne C. The role of
prebiotics in dairy calf performance, health, and immune
function. [Masters Thesis]. Kansas State University; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/20420
Kansas State University
3.
Miller, Natalie Ann.
Influence of
management factors on reproduction in beef cattle: 1. Effects of
melengestrol acetate and growth promoting implants on oocyte
quality and subsequent in vitro embryo development 2. Exposure of
prepubertal beef bulls to cycling females to enhance sexual
development.
Degree: MS, Department of Animal Sciences
and Industry, 2012, Kansas State University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/13968
► This thesis involves two separate studies that evaluate the effects of different beef cattle management practices on reproduction. The objective of the first study was…
(more)
▼ This thesis involves two separate studies that
evaluate the effects of different beef cattle management practices
on reproduction. The objective of the first study was to determine
if feedlot heifers administered melengestrol acetate (MGA) and
growth promoting implants could serve as viable oocyte donors for
in vitro embryo production. Ovaries from heifers administered MGA
and growth promotants (MGA-Implant) and ovaries from heifers not
administered either substance (Control) were collected from heifers
post-slaughter. Oocytes were harvested and in vitro maturation, in
vitro fertilization (IVF), and in vitro culture were completed.
Treatment and time interacted to affect the number of oocytes
aspirated per ovary (P = 0.07) and the number of zygotes per ovary
(P = 0.07). Fertilization (P = 0.90) and cleavage rates (P = 0.80)
did not differ between treatments. Blastocyst rates (P = 0.30) and
the number of embryos per ovary (P = 0.50) did not differ between
treatments. We concluded that beef feedlot heifers fed MGA and
implanted with growth promotants seem to be a viable source of
oocytes for in vitro embryo production.
In the second study, we
hypothesized that continuous fenceline exposure of prepubertal beef
bulls to cycling beef females would hasten the onset of puberty as
well as increase the percentage of bulls passing their initial
breeding soundness examination (BSE). Bulls were either exposed to
estrous females (exposed) or were not exposed (control). Monthly
scrotal circumference (SC) measurements, blood samples, semen
evaluations, and bull behavior assessments were conducted. Age at
puberty (P = 0.40), SC at puberty (P = 0.50), and weight at puberty
(P = 0.30) did not differ between treatments. A similar (P = 0.50)
percentage of bulls passed their initial BSE at 363 ± 21.5 d of age
(exposed: 87.8%; control: 74.2%). Treatment,
month, and stage of
the estrous cycle of cows interacted to affect the number of mount
attempts (P = 0.05) and the number of flehmen responses (P <
0.001). In conclusion, bulls given continuous fenceline exposure to
cycling beef females were neither younger at puberty nor did a
greater percentage pass their initial BSE.
Advisors/Committee Members: Karol E. Fike.
Subjects/Keywords: Beef
cattle;
Reproduction; In vitro
fertilization;
Bulls; Animal Sciences (0475)
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APA ·
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Miller, N. A. (2012). Influence of
management factors on reproduction in beef cattle: 1. Effects of
melengestrol acetate and growth promoting implants on oocyte
quality and subsequent in vitro embryo development 2. Exposure of
prepubertal beef bulls to cycling females to enhance sexual
development. (Masters Thesis). Kansas State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2097/13968
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Miller, Natalie Ann. “Influence of
management factors on reproduction in beef cattle: 1. Effects of
melengestrol acetate and growth promoting implants on oocyte
quality and subsequent in vitro embryo development 2. Exposure of
prepubertal beef bulls to cycling females to enhance sexual
development.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Kansas State University. Accessed January 17, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2097/13968.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Miller, Natalie Ann. “Influence of
management factors on reproduction in beef cattle: 1. Effects of
melengestrol acetate and growth promoting implants on oocyte
quality and subsequent in vitro embryo development 2. Exposure of
prepubertal beef bulls to cycling females to enhance sexual
development.” 2012. Web. 17 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Miller NA. Influence of
management factors on reproduction in beef cattle: 1. Effects of
melengestrol acetate and growth promoting implants on oocyte
quality and subsequent in vitro embryo development 2. Exposure of
prepubertal beef bulls to cycling females to enhance sexual
development. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Kansas State University; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 17].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/13968.
Council of Science Editors:
Miller NA. Influence of
management factors on reproduction in beef cattle: 1. Effects of
melengestrol acetate and growth promoting implants on oocyte
quality and subsequent in vitro embryo development 2. Exposure of
prepubertal beef bulls to cycling females to enhance sexual
development. [Masters Thesis]. Kansas State University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/13968
4.
Kirchhoff, Alissa A.
The effect of
a supplemental trace mineral injection on developing beef bull and
heifer reproduction.
Degree: MS, Department of Animal Sciences
and Industry, 2015, Kansas State University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/20367
► Trace mineral supplementation is necessary for proper reproductive success. Little research has evaluated the effect of an injectable trace mineral product, in conjunction with a…
(more)
▼ Trace mineral supplementation is necessary for proper
reproductive success. Little research has evaluated the effect of
an injectable trace mineral product, in conjunction with a dietary
mineral supplementation program, on reproduction. This thesis
includes two separate studies evaluating the use of an injectable
trace mineral product, in addition to a dietary mineral program, on
the reproductive success of yearling bulls and heifers. In the
first study, we hypothesized that when dietary trace mineral needs
are met, administration of an injectable trace mineral product to
developing beef bulls would cause a short-term increase in
circulating trace mineral concentrations, but not alter semen
quality nor ability to pass a breeding soundness examination. Trace
mineral treatment did not affect scrotal circumferences and BW of
bulls throughout the trial (P [equal to or greater than] 0.20).
Trace Mineral bulls had greater (P [equal to or less than] 0.0001)
trace mineral concentrations at 8 h post-treatment than Control
bulls. Semen trace mineral concentrations on d 42 and 91 were
similar (P [equal to or greater than] 0.52) between treatments.
Sperm parameters improved (P [equal to or less than] 0.003) from d
42 to 91, but did not differ (P [equal to or greater than] 0.06)
between treatments. A similar (P = 0.94) percentage of Trace
Mineral (67%) and Control (68%) bulls passed a BSE 91 d
post-treatment. In the present study, supplemental trace mineral
injection was successful at raising circulating trace mineral
levels, but did not alter semen trace mineral levels nor improve
semen quality. In the second study we hypothesized that when
dietary trace mineral needs are met, the use of an injectable trace
mineral product in developing heifers would not affect pregnancy
rates at single service fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI).
Trace Mineral heifers had greater (P = 0.02) pregnancy rates
(51.28%) than Control heifers (25.58%). The percentage of Trace
Mineral (30.77%) and Control heifers (47.50%) that displayed
estrous behavior prior to FTAI as indicated by a red estrous
detection patch was not different (P = 0.13) between treatments. In
the present study, despite dietary trace mineral requirements being
met, use of an injectable trace mineral injection improved
pregnancy rates following FTAI, but did not affect estrous
behavior.
Advisors/Committee Members: Karol E. Fike.
Subjects/Keywords: beef; trace
minerals;
reproduction;
bull;
heifer; Animal Sciences (0475)
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APA (6th Edition):
Kirchhoff, A. A. (2015). The effect of
a supplemental trace mineral injection on developing beef bull and
heifer reproduction. (Masters Thesis). Kansas State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2097/20367
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Kirchhoff, Alissa A. “The effect of
a supplemental trace mineral injection on developing beef bull and
heifer reproduction.” 2015. Masters Thesis, Kansas State University. Accessed January 17, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2097/20367.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Kirchhoff, Alissa A. “The effect of
a supplemental trace mineral injection on developing beef bull and
heifer reproduction.” 2015. Web. 17 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Kirchhoff AA. The effect of
a supplemental trace mineral injection on developing beef bull and
heifer reproduction. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Kansas State University; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 17].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/20367.
Council of Science Editors:
Kirchhoff AA. The effect of
a supplemental trace mineral injection on developing beef bull and
heifer reproduction. [Masters Thesis]. Kansas State University; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/20367
Kansas State University
5.
Sotak, Kelly Marie.
The
evaluation of sorghum dried distiller's grains with solubles in
nursery pig diets, on finishing pig performance and meat quality,
and on lactating sow performance.
Degree: MS, Department of Animal Sciences
and Industry, 2012, Kansas State University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/13853
► Five experiments were conducted to determine the effects of sorghum dried distiller’s grains with solubles (DDGS) on nursery pig performance, finishing pig performance and meat…
(more)
▼ Five experiments were conducted to determine the
effects of sorghum dried distiller’s grains with solubles (DDGS) on
nursery pig performance, finishing pig performance and meat
quality, and lactating sow and litter performance. Experiment 1
established a nutrient database and evaluated the quality and
consistency of five ethanol plants in the Western Plains region.
Each sample was analyzed for AA, DM, CP, crude fiber, crude fat,
ash, NDF, ADF, Ca, P, trace minerals, GE, and starch. In addition,
DE, ME, and NE were calculated. Experiments 2 and 3 evaluated the
effects of sorghum DDGS on nursery pig performance. In Exp. 2, pigs
fed sorghum- or corn-based diets performed similarly; however, as
sorghum DDGS increased ADG decreased (linear, P < 0.01). A
DDGS×grain source interaction (quadratic, P = 0.03) was observed
for G:F. In corn-based diets, G:F was identical for pigs fed 0 to
30% DDGS, but worsened in pigs fed 45% DDGS. In sorghum-based
diets, G:F was best for those fed 0% DDGS, but worsened at higher
levels. In Exp. 3, pigs fed corn- or sorghum-based diets performed
similarly; however, pigs fed DDGS gained less (P < 0.03) than
those fed basal diets. Experiment 4 evaluated the effects of
sorghum DDGS in sorghum- or corn-based diets on finishing pig
growth performance, carcass characteristics, and fat quality.
Increasing sorghum DDGS reduced (linear; P < 0.01) ADG and
increased (linear; P < 0.01) backfat IV. Pigs fed the
sorghum-based diet with 30% sorghum DDGS had decreased backfat IV
(P < 0.01) than those fed the sorghum-based diet with corn DDGS.
Experiment 5 evaluated the effects of sorghum DDGS on lactating sow
and litter performance. Overall, ADFI increased in corn-based diets
when DDGS were added, but decreased in sorghum-based diets
resulting in a tendency (P < 0.08) for a DDGS × grain source
interaction. Pig weaning weights were lower (P < 0.06) for sows
fed diets containing DDGS compared with those fed the basal diets.
Adding sorghum DDGS reduced pig performance, and sow lactation
performance; therefore, its inclusion in swine diets needs to be
evaluated on an income over feed cost basis.
Advisors/Committee Members: Robert Goodband.
Subjects/Keywords: Sorghum; Dried
distiller's grains;
Solubles; Animal Sciences (0475)
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APA ·
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Sotak, K. M. (2012). The
evaluation of sorghum dried distiller's grains with solubles in
nursery pig diets, on finishing pig performance and meat quality,
and on lactating sow performance. (Masters Thesis). Kansas State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2097/13853
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Sotak, Kelly Marie. “The
evaluation of sorghum dried distiller's grains with solubles in
nursery pig diets, on finishing pig performance and meat quality,
and on lactating sow performance.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Kansas State University. Accessed January 17, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2097/13853.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Sotak, Kelly Marie. “The
evaluation of sorghum dried distiller's grains with solubles in
nursery pig diets, on finishing pig performance and meat quality,
and on lactating sow performance.” 2012. Web. 17 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Sotak KM. The
evaluation of sorghum dried distiller's grains with solubles in
nursery pig diets, on finishing pig performance and meat quality,
and on lactating sow performance. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Kansas State University; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 17].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/13853.
Council of Science Editors:
Sotak KM. The
evaluation of sorghum dried distiller's grains with solubles in
nursery pig diets, on finishing pig performance and meat quality,
and on lactating sow performance. [Masters Thesis]. Kansas State University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/13853
Kansas State University
6.
Ying, Wei.
Effects of
Ractopamine HCL, L-Carnitine and dried distillers grains with
solubles on growth, carcass traits, loin and jowl fat quality of
finishing pigs, and energy and protein sources in nursery
diets.
Degree: MS, Department of Animal Sciences
and Industry, 2011, Kansas State University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/13159
► Six experiments using 3,862 pigs were conducted to evaluate effects of ractopamine HCl (RAC) feeding programs, dietary L-Carnitine and dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS)…
(more)
▼ Six experiments using 3,862 pigs were conducted to
evaluate effects of ractopamine HCl (RAC) feeding programs, dietary
L-Carnitine and dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) on
growth, carcass traits, loin and jowl fat quality of pigs, and
energy and protein sources in nursery diets. In Exp. 1 and 2,
RAC-fed pigs had greater (P<0.05) ADG, G:F and HCW compared with
the control. Within RAC treatments, there were no differences in
growth. Pigs fed step-up RAC had increased (P<0.01) percentage
lean, fat-free lean index and loin depth but decreased (P<0.01)
backfat than the control or constant treatment. In Exp. 2, pigs fed
step-up RAC program had greater (P<0.05) ADG and G:F than the
constant treatment. Pigs fed constant RAC had greater (P=0.002)
carcass yield than controls. There were no overall differences in
other carcass traits among treatments. In Exp. 3, dietary
L-Carnitine improved (P<0.02) ADG and final BW. A DDGS ×
L-Carnitine interaction (quadratic, P<0.01) was observed for
G:F. Pigs not fed DDGS had similar G:F, but in DDGS diets pigs fed
50 ppm L-Carnitine had worse G:F than those fed 100 ppm. Pigs fed
L-Carnitine had greater (P<0.02) HCW compared with those not fed
L-Carnitine. Increasing L-Carnitine up to 100 ppm increased HCW
(quadratic, P<0.03) and backfat (quadratic, P<0.04), with the
maximum response at 50 ppm dietary L-Carnitine. Increasing
L-Carnitine increased (linear, P<0.04) purge loss of loin.
Feeding DDGS increased (P<0.001) linoleic acid and iodine value
of jowl fat compared with feeding no DDGS. However, feeding
L-Carnitine did not change jowl fatty acid composition. In Exp. 4,
5 and 6, nursery pigs fed choice white grease (CWG) had improved
(P<0.02) G:F than pigs fed a control diet or an alcohol based
energy source. Also, pigs fed CWG had greater (P<0.04) ADG in
Exp. 4 and 6 and had reduced (P<0.01) ADFI in Exp. 5. The
alcohol based energy source improved (P<0.04) ADG and ADFI with
no change in G:F in Exp. 4; but did not affect growth in Exp. 5 and
6. In Exp. 6, pigs fed AV-E Digest had equal performance as nursery
pigs fed other specialty proteins.
Advisors/Committee Members: Joel DeRoucheyMike Tokach.
Subjects/Keywords: DDGS;
Energy;
L-Carnitine; Ractopamine
HCl;
Protein;
Pigs; Animal Sciences (0475)
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APA ·
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MLA ·
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CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Ying, W. (2011). Effects of
Ractopamine HCL, L-Carnitine and dried distillers grains with
solubles on growth, carcass traits, loin and jowl fat quality of
finishing pigs, and energy and protein sources in nursery
diets. (Masters Thesis). Kansas State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2097/13159
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Ying, Wei. “Effects of
Ractopamine HCL, L-Carnitine and dried distillers grains with
solubles on growth, carcass traits, loin and jowl fat quality of
finishing pigs, and energy and protein sources in nursery
diets.” 2011. Masters Thesis, Kansas State University. Accessed January 17, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2097/13159.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Ying, Wei. “Effects of
Ractopamine HCL, L-Carnitine and dried distillers grains with
solubles on growth, carcass traits, loin and jowl fat quality of
finishing pigs, and energy and protein sources in nursery
diets.” 2011. Web. 17 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Ying W. Effects of
Ractopamine HCL, L-Carnitine and dried distillers grains with
solubles on growth, carcass traits, loin and jowl fat quality of
finishing pigs, and energy and protein sources in nursery
diets. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Kansas State University; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 17].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/13159.
Council of Science Editors:
Ying W. Effects of
Ractopamine HCL, L-Carnitine and dried distillers grains with
solubles on growth, carcass traits, loin and jowl fat quality of
finishing pigs, and energy and protein sources in nursery
diets. [Masters Thesis]. Kansas State University; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/13159
Kansas State University
7.
Uwituze, Solange.
Utilization
of distillers grains in feedlot cattle diets.
Degree: PhD, Department of Animal Sciences
and Industry, 2011, Kansas State University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/8558
► Four studies evaluated effects of dry distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) containing high S concentrations on feedlot performance, ruminal fermentation, and diet digestibility by finishing…
(more)
▼ Four studies evaluated effects of dry distillers
grains with solubles (DDGS) containing high S concentrations on
feedlot performance, ruminal fermentation, and diet digestibility
by finishing cattle. Trial 1 used finishing steers fed diets based
on steam-flaked corn (SFC) or dry-rolled corn (DRC), and containing
30% DDGS (DM) with 0.42% S (0.42S) or 0.65% S (0.65S). No
interaction (P ≥ 0.15) between dietary S and grain processing
occurred, but feeding 0.65S decreased DMI (P < 0.001) and ADG (P
= 0.006) by 8.9% and 12.9%, respectively, whereas G:F was
unaffected by S concentration (P = 0.25). Steers fed 0.65S had 4.3%
lighter HCW (P = 0.006), lower KPH (P = 0.009), and lower yield
grades (P = 0.04) than steers fed 0.42S. Concentration of H2S was
inversely related (P ≤ 0.01) to ADG (r = -0.58) and DMI (r = -0.67)
in cattle fed SFC, and DMI (r = -0.40) in cattle fed DRC. Trial 2
used the same treatments as in the first stud, and investigated
ruminal fermentation characteristics and diet digestibility by
feedlot cattle. Feeding 0.65S increased ruminal pH (P < 0.05),
but decreased total VFA concentrations (P = 0.05). Steers fed 0.65S
had greater ruminal NH3 concentrations (P < 0.01) than steers
fed 0.42S. The magnitudes of these effects were greater in steers
fed DRC than in steers fed SFC (interaction, P < 0.01). Feeding
0.65S yielded greater apparent total tract digestibilities of DM (P
= 0.04) and ether extract (P = 0.03). The 3rd study evaluated
effects of in vitro S titration (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, and
0.6% of DM) in substrates based on ground corn and DDGS (GC-DDGS)
or ground corn with urea and soybean meal (GC-SBM). Concentrations
of NH3, total VFA, IVDMD, in vitro gas production, and gas
composition were unaffected by S (P > 0.05) or by the S ×
substrate interaction (P > 0.05). Study 4 evaluated cattle
feedlot performance when exposed to DDGS containing high S levels,
either continuously or intermittently. Treatments were chronic high
S (CHS; 0.60% DM), chronic intermediate S (CIS; 0.50% DM), and
sporadic intermediate S (SIS; oscillating from 0.40 or 0.60% S DM
basis). Steers fed CHS had 11.2 and 6.1% less (P < 0.05) DMI
than steers fed CIS and SIS, respectively, but there were no
treatment effects on ADG, G:F, or carcass characteristics (P >
0.10). These studies suggest that changes in cattle performance and
digestibility associated with high S are primarily attributable to
decreased DMI, but infrequent exposure to high levels is no more
harmful than continuous exposure.
Advisors/Committee Members: James S. Drouillard.
Subjects/Keywords: Distillers
grains; Feedlot
cattle;
Sulfur; Animal Sciences (0475)
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APA (6th Edition):
Uwituze, S. (2011). Utilization
of distillers grains in feedlot cattle diets. (Doctoral Dissertation). Kansas State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2097/8558
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Uwituze, Solange. “Utilization
of distillers grains in feedlot cattle diets.” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, Kansas State University. Accessed January 17, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2097/8558.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Uwituze, Solange. “Utilization
of distillers grains in feedlot cattle diets.” 2011. Web. 17 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Uwituze S. Utilization
of distillers grains in feedlot cattle diets. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Kansas State University; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 17].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/8558.
Council of Science Editors:
Uwituze S. Utilization
of distillers grains in feedlot cattle diets. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Kansas State University; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/8558
Kansas State University
8.
Rierson, Rusty Del.
Broiler
preference for light color and feed form, and the effect of light
on growth and performance of broiler chicks.
Degree: MS, Department of Animal Sciences
and Industry, 2011, Kansas State University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/12037
► Over the decades much has been discovered about the appropriate lighting management strategies for raising commercial meat-type poultry. Our knowledge of light preference, wavelength, intensity,…
(more)
▼ Over the decades much has been discovered about the
appropriate lighting management strategies for raising commercial
meat-type poultry. Our knowledge of light preference, wavelength,
intensity, intermittent lighting, and avian spectral sensitivity
continues to improve our management strategies. In this work, a
total of 5 experiments were conducted.
The first 2 experiments
investigated the effects of Light emitting diodes (LED) lights on
growth performance of broiler chicks. Broiler chicks were raised
under LED lights at different intensities: 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25
lux. A significant linear relationship (P < 0.05) was found in
experiment 1 between body weight gain and light intensity. In
experiment 2, a linear trend was noticed between body weight gain
and light intensity. As the light intensity increased, chick weight
increased. Feed: gain ratios were not affected by light intensity.
The third experiment also examined growth performance using LED
lighting as well as the effects of feed form and different lighting
intensities upon behavior. The broilers fed a pelleted diet had
significantly better performance than those fed crumbles. Under
more intense light it was discovered that broilers spend
significantly more time (P< .05) consuming feed compared to dim
light.
The fourth experiment focused on broiler preference for
light color, and feed form during feeding. The broilers were
offered either pelleted or crumbled feed and served under 4
different light colors: red, white, blue, and green. It was found
that broilers statistically preferred pelleted feed, and white
lighting, with red being the 2nd color choice of preference while
green and blue were statistically not chosen.
The fifth experiment
focused on chick preference for feed color, when under different
light color. One day old chicks were offered dyed feed: red,
yellow, blue, green or light brown
iv
(control) under 5 different
colors of light: red, yellow, blue, green, and white. It was found
that chicks significantly preferred red dyed feed, especially under
blue light.
In conclusion, it was found that LED lights can have
positive effects on broiler performance. Broilers show a preference
for white lighting and pelleted feed. Young chicks show a
preference for red dyed feed.
Advisors/Committee Members: R. Scott Beyer.
Subjects/Keywords: Broiler;
Behavior;
LED;
Light; Broiler
preference; Animal Sciences (0475)
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APA (6th Edition):
Rierson, R. D. (2011). Broiler
preference for light color and feed form, and the effect of light
on growth and performance of broiler chicks. (Masters Thesis). Kansas State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2097/12037
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Rierson, Rusty Del. “Broiler
preference for light color and feed form, and the effect of light
on growth and performance of broiler chicks.” 2011. Masters Thesis, Kansas State University. Accessed January 17, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2097/12037.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Rierson, Rusty Del. “Broiler
preference for light color and feed form, and the effect of light
on growth and performance of broiler chicks.” 2011. Web. 17 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Rierson RD. Broiler
preference for light color and feed form, and the effect of light
on growth and performance of broiler chicks. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Kansas State University; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 17].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/12037.
Council of Science Editors:
Rierson RD. Broiler
preference for light color and feed form, and the effect of light
on growth and performance of broiler chicks. [Masters Thesis]. Kansas State University; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/12037
Kansas State University
9.
Axman, Justin.
Effects of
hops β-acid extract (Humulus lupulus L.) on cattle performance and
fermentation by ruminal microbes.
Degree: MS, Department of Animal Sciences
and Industry, 2015, Kansas State University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/20569
► Hops β-acid extract was fed to 80 heifers (389 ± 23.6 kg initial BW) to assess impact on feedlot performance and ruminal fermentation. Heifers were…
(more)
▼ Hops β-acid extract was fed to 80 heifers (389 ± 23.6
kg initial BW) to assess impact on feedlot performance and ruminal
fermentation. Heifers were randomly assigned to individual pens and
fed once daily for 147 d. Treatments were a control (no additive);
33 mg monensin (Elanco
Animal Health, Greenfield, IN)/kg diet DM;
and 10, 25, 50 mg β-acid extract of hops (DSM Nutritional Products,
France)/kg diet DM. Ruminal fluid was collected on d 44 and 86 by
rumenocentesis for analyses of VFA, lactate, and NH[subscript]3
concentrations. Cattle were harvested at a commercial abattoir on d
147. Hops β-acids decreased propionate (P = 0.01) concentrations
and increased caproate (P = 0.05), A:P (P = 0.04), and ammonia
concentrations (P = 0.03) compared to monensin. Growth performance
of heifers fed β-acid or monensin was not different than that of
heifers fed the control diet. Additionally, two in vitro studies
were conducted to evaluate effects of hops β-acid extract on starch
fermentation by mixed microbial populations from the bovine rumen.
In trial 1, 2 treatments were assigned in triplicate to
fermentation bottle, fitted with Ankom[superscript]RF1 Gas
Production System modules (Ankom[superscript]RF Technology,
Macedon, NY) using starch as substrate (Difco Soluble Starch;
Dickinson and Company, Sparks, MD) and either 0 or 33 mg hops
β-acid extract (10.99% active hops beadlet; DSM Nutritional
Products, France)/kg substrate. Gas production was measured over 30
h. Terminal pH, IVDMD, and VFA and lactate were measured after 30 h
of fermentation. Gas production increased in response to β-acid (P
≤ 0.05). Terminal pH, IVDMD, VFA, and lactate were unaffected by
addition of β-acid extract (P ≤ 0.05). In trial 2, pH, VFA
concentrations, and IVDMD were measured at 6-h intervals during a
30-h incubation period using 36 fermentation tubes. There was no
effect of hops β-acid on in vitro fermentation (P > 0.05). In
conclusion, under the conditions of these experiments, hops β-
acid extracts hops had little impact on feedlot performance, though
there are indications of an impact on ruminal
fermentation.
Advisors/Committee Members: James S. Drouillard.
Subjects/Keywords: Beta-acid;
Hops;
Feedlot; In
vitro;
Cattle; Animal Sciences (0475)
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Axman, J. (2015). Effects of
hops β-acid extract (Humulus lupulus L.) on cattle performance and
fermentation by ruminal microbes. (Masters Thesis). Kansas State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2097/20569
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Axman, Justin. “Effects of
hops β-acid extract (Humulus lupulus L.) on cattle performance and
fermentation by ruminal microbes.” 2015. Masters Thesis, Kansas State University. Accessed January 17, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2097/20569.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Axman, Justin. “Effects of
hops β-acid extract (Humulus lupulus L.) on cattle performance and
fermentation by ruminal microbes.” 2015. Web. 17 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Axman J. Effects of
hops β-acid extract (Humulus lupulus L.) on cattle performance and
fermentation by ruminal microbes. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Kansas State University; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 17].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/20569.
Council of Science Editors:
Axman J. Effects of
hops β-acid extract (Humulus lupulus L.) on cattle performance and
fermentation by ruminal microbes. [Masters Thesis]. Kansas State University; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/20569
Kansas State University
10.
De Jong, Jon.
Feed
processing challenges facing the swine industry.
Degree: PhD, Animal Sciences and
Industry, 2015, Kansas State University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/20528
► Eight experiments using a total of 2,964 finishing pigs and 2,947 feed, phytase, or premix samples were used to determine the effects of: 1) wheat…
(more)
▼ Eight experiments using a total of 2,964 finishing
pigs and 2,947 feed, phytase, or premix samples were used to
determine the effects of: 1) wheat source, particle size and feed
form on finishing pig performance; 2) feed form feeding strategies;
3) fine generation from pellets during feed manufacturing and
delivery, and 4) thermal stability and shelf life of phytase
products. Exp. 1 and 2 evaluated wheat sources, particle size, and
diet form for finishing pigs. Fine gound hard red winter wheat fed
in meal form improved G:F and nutrient digestibility, whereas wheat
ground from ~700 to 250 µ in pelleted diets did not influence
growth or carcass traits. Feeding hard red winter wheat improved
ADG and ADFI compared with feeding soft white winter wheat. In Exp.
3, pellet feeding regimens were used to evaluate finishing pig
performance and stomach morphology. Feeding pelleted diets improved
G:F but increased stomach ulceration and pig removals; however,
rotating pellets and meal diets provided an intermediate G:F
response with fewer stomach ulcers and pig removals. Experiments 4
to 6 investigated fines formation during pelleted feed
manufacturing and delivery. Pellet quality worsened as pellets were
transported through the feed mill post pelleting and during
delivery. Unloading speed or feed line location had little effect
on pellet quality. There were significant differences between the
fines and pellet nutrient profiles as noted by the increased
concentration of ADF, crude fiber, Ca, ether extract, and starch in
the fines and decreased CP and P when compared to pellets. In Exp.
7 and 8, the thermal stability and shelf life of 4 commercial
phytase products was determined. Increasing conditioning
temperatures decreased phytase stability regardless of product.
Phytase activity was affected by storage duration, temperature,
product form, and phytase source. Pure products stored between 15
and 22˚C were the most stable and premixes were affected by longer
storage times and higher temperatures.
Advisors/Committee Members: Joel M. DeRouchey.
Subjects/Keywords: Phytase;
Pelleting; Pellet
fines; Feed
processing;
Wheat; Animal Sciences (0475)
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
De Jong, J. (2015). Feed
processing challenges facing the swine industry. (Doctoral Dissertation). Kansas State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2097/20528
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
De Jong, Jon. “Feed
processing challenges facing the swine industry.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, Kansas State University. Accessed January 17, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2097/20528.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
De Jong, Jon. “Feed
processing challenges facing the swine industry.” 2015. Web. 17 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
De Jong J. Feed
processing challenges facing the swine industry. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Kansas State University; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 17].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/20528.
Council of Science Editors:
De Jong J. Feed
processing challenges facing the swine industry. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Kansas State University; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/20528
11.
Goehring, Brandon Lee.
Investigation
of factors that influence belly quality and of cooked bacon
characteristics.
Degree: PhD, Department of Animal Sciences
and Industry, 2015, Kansas State University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/20550
► One experiment was conducted to determine the collagen and adipocyte characteristics in pork belly fat with different iodine values (IV) and if these factors contribute…
(more)
▼ One experiment was conducted to determine the collagen
and adipocyte characteristics in pork belly fat with different
iodine values (IV) and if these factors contribute to belly
firmness. An additional two experiments were conducted to create an
objective method to score bacon distortion during cooking and to
determine how IV and cooking method contribute to bacon distortion.
Experiment 1 sorted pork bellies (n=72) into three IV categories:
High 76.5 g/100g, Intermediate 70.5 g/100g, and Low 64.9 g/100g.
Belly characteristics and firmness were measured before processing
into bacon. After processing, 3 bacon slices were selected from the
belly and analyzed for histochemistry and collagen analysis. No
differences were observed between belly characteristics, while High
IV bellies showed softer bellies. Adipocyte characteristics
remained unchanged between IV groups. High IV bellies showed
greater amounts of collagen. Experiment 2 cooked bacon slices
(n=585) on three different appliances (griddle, microwave, and
oven) and scored the resulting distortion using a subjective scale.
Raw and cooked bacon characteristics were measured to determine
which response variables contributing to distortion. Bacon slices
were removed from 6 different locations within each belly sampled.
Two distortion measurements were created to objectively describe
distortion response (crest frequency and bacon distortion index.
Subjective distortion scores, crest frequency, bacon distortion
index, and raw and cooked bacon characteristics were shown to
change between locations of the belly. Accuracy of predictive
equations developed to predict distortion scores were low.
Experiment 3 evaluated how IV interacts with cooking methodology to
influence cooking characteristics, fat quality and distortion of
bacon. Bacon slices (n=300) were organized into two IV categories,
Low (61.52 to 65.54 g/100g) and High (78.83 to 85.34 g/100g) and
cooked using three different appliances (oven, microwave, and
griddle). Bacon from the Low IV group had the greatest amount of
fat. Cooking bacon on a griddle showed the greatest distortion
scores, while the oven produced bacon with the lowest distortion
scores. Bacon with higher IV produced bacon with increased
distortion scores. Bacon from the High IV group showed smaller
cooked dimensions than the Low IV bacon. Neither cooking method nor
IV level affected the cooked fatty acid composition.
Advisors/Committee Members: Terry Houser.
Subjects/Keywords: Bacon
cookery; Belly
quality; Fat quality; Animal Sciences (0475)
Record Details
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APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
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CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Goehring, B. L. (2015). Investigation
of factors that influence belly quality and of cooked bacon
characteristics. (Doctoral Dissertation). Kansas State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2097/20550
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Goehring, Brandon Lee. “Investigation
of factors that influence belly quality and of cooked bacon
characteristics.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, Kansas State University. Accessed January 17, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2097/20550.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Goehring, Brandon Lee. “Investigation
of factors that influence belly quality and of cooked bacon
characteristics.” 2015. Web. 17 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Goehring BL. Investigation
of factors that influence belly quality and of cooked bacon
characteristics. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Kansas State University; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 17].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/20550.
Council of Science Editors:
Goehring BL. Investigation
of factors that influence belly quality and of cooked bacon
characteristics. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Kansas State University; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/20550
Kansas State University
12.
Mellieon, Harold Irvin Jr.
Evaluation of
the 5-day vs. 7-day Co-Synch + CIDR protocol in dairy heifers using
timed AI.
Degree: MS, Department of Animal Sciences
and Industry, 2011, Kansas State University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/10749
► Our objectives were to determine: the effectiveness of upfront PGF2α injection to regress the corpus luteum; ovulation response to GnRH; and pregnancy outcomes. Dairy heifers…
(more)
▼ Our objectives were to determine: the effectiveness of
upfront PGF2α injection to regress the corpus luteum; ovulation
response to GnRH; and pregnancy outcomes. Dairy heifers (n = 545)
from three locations (Florida, Kansas, and Mississippi) were
assigned randomly to each of two treatments: 1) 25 mg of PGF2α
injection and insertion of previously used autoclaved CIDR on d 7
followed by 100 µg of GnRH administered on d 5, and a 25 mg PGF2α
injection at CIDR removal (7D) on d 0; 2) 100 µg of GnRH and
insertion of previously used autoclaved CIDR on d 5 and 25 mg of
PGF2α injection at CIDR removal (5D) on d 0. Artificial
insemination (AI) occurred after detected estrus from d 0 to 3.
Those heifers not detected in estrus were inseminated on d 3 and
given a second 100 µg of GnRH. Blood collected on d 7 and 5 was
assayed to determine concentrations of progesterone, presence of a
CL (progesterone ≥1 ng/mL) on d 7, and whether luteolysis occurred
in 7D heifers. Blood progesterone concentration from d 0 and 3
determined if luteolysis occurred in all heifers. Ovarian structure
maps on d 5 and 0 were used to determine ovulation in response to
GnRH on d 5. Pregnancy was determined on d 32 and 60 and
intervening pregnancy loss was calculated. Of those heifers in the
7D treatment having progesterone ≥1 ng/mL on d 7, the proportion
having progesterone <1 ng/mL 2 d later (luteolysis) was greater
(P < 0.05) than that in the 5D treatment (43.0 vs. 22.9%,
respectively). Total proportion of follicles that ovulated per
heifer was numerically greater in the 7D treatment but only
differed (P < 0.05) between locations. A treatment x location
interaction was detected for pregnancy rates per AI. The Kansas
location had no detectable treatment differences. In contrast, the
7D treatment produced greater (P < 0.05) pregnancy rates in the
first replicate of the Florida location and at the Mississippi
location. We concluded that the 5D protocol was not effective in
producing acceptable luteolysis, pregnancy, and ovulation rates in
comparison with the modified 7D protocol.
Advisors/Committee Members: Jeffrey S. Stevenson.
Subjects/Keywords: Heifers;
CIDR; Artificial
insemination;
Synchronization; Agriculture, General (0473); Animal Sciences (0475)
Record Details
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APA ·
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Export
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Mellieon, H. I. J. (2011). Evaluation of
the 5-day vs. 7-day Co-Synch + CIDR protocol in dairy heifers using
timed AI. (Masters Thesis). Kansas State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2097/10749
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Mellieon, Harold Irvin Jr. “Evaluation of
the 5-day vs. 7-day Co-Synch + CIDR protocol in dairy heifers using
timed AI.” 2011. Masters Thesis, Kansas State University. Accessed January 17, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2097/10749.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Mellieon, Harold Irvin Jr. “Evaluation of
the 5-day vs. 7-day Co-Synch + CIDR protocol in dairy heifers using
timed AI.” 2011. Web. 17 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Mellieon HIJ. Evaluation of
the 5-day vs. 7-day Co-Synch + CIDR protocol in dairy heifers using
timed AI. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Kansas State University; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 17].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/10749.
Council of Science Editors:
Mellieon HIJ. Evaluation of
the 5-day vs. 7-day Co-Synch + CIDR protocol in dairy heifers using
timed AI. [Masters Thesis]. Kansas State University; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/10749
Kansas State University
13.
Blair, Erika Elaine.
Relationship
between feed efficiency and reproductive measurements in beef
cattle.
Degree: MS, Department of Animal Sciences
and Industry, 2011, Kansas State University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/12009
► It is important for animals to be feed efficient and reproductively sound to optimize profits for cow- calf producers. The objective of this study was…
(more)
▼ It is important for animals to be feed efficient and
reproductively sound to optimize profits for cow- calf producers.
The objective of this study was to determine the relationship
between feed efficiency and reproductive performance. Feed
efficiency measures included residual feed intake (RFI), feed to
gain ratio (F:G) and daily dry matter intake (DMI). Reproductive
measurements were pregnancy rate, first service conception rate,
pregnancy type (AI, natural. open), calving percentage, calving day
(CD) and age at first calving. Two data sets which included 136
crossbred Angus females sired by bulls with high or low RFI
estimated breeding values (EBV) with multiple parity information
and 56 purebred Hereford heifers with their first parity calving
information were analyzed. Initially, the crossbred Angus females
were analyzed based on their phenotypic RFI values. There was no
difference in pregnancy rate between the feed efficiency measures.
Second parity pregnant females had lower (F:G) with first service
conception (P=0.053), and pregnancy types (P=0.014) than the open
(less efficient) females. In parity 5, phenotypically efficient RFI
Angus females were pregnant to first service conception versus
inefficient RFI Angus females (P=0.052) and those with lower DMI
were diagnosed pregnant (P=0.0002). When evaluated as a repeated
trait, RFI was not a significant indicator of CD (P=0.514).
Crossbred Angus females were analyzed based on their sire’s RFI EBV
and grouped accordingly into high (inefficient) or low (efficient)
RFI sires. Females sired by high or low RFI (EBV) bulls showed no
difference for the reproductive traits, except for a tendency for
inefficient sired heifers to have a lower calving percentage in
parity 2 (P=0.048). When CD was analyzed as a repeated measure, no
difference between sire groups was found (efficient CD of 35.64 d,
inefficient CD of 34.23, p = 0.789). In the Hereford heifers, RFI
was not an indicator of CD (P = 0.774). There was also no
difference in RFI between pregnant and open Hereford females with
pregnant females having an LSMean of 0.11 kg/d and the open females
having an LSMean of 0.14 kg/d (P = 0.860). Further research needs
to be done to confirm any relationships between feed efficiency and
reproduction.
Advisors/Committee Members: Jennifer M. Bormann.
Subjects/Keywords: Feed
Efficiency;
Reproduction; Residual
Feed Intake; Animal Sciences (0475); Genetics (0369)
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APA ·
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Blair, E. E. (2011). Relationship
between feed efficiency and reproductive measurements in beef
cattle. (Masters Thesis). Kansas State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2097/12009
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Blair, Erika Elaine. “Relationship
between feed efficiency and reproductive measurements in beef
cattle.” 2011. Masters Thesis, Kansas State University. Accessed January 17, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2097/12009.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Blair, Erika Elaine. “Relationship
between feed efficiency and reproductive measurements in beef
cattle.” 2011. Web. 17 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Blair EE. Relationship
between feed efficiency and reproductive measurements in beef
cattle. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Kansas State University; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 17].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/12009.
Council of Science Editors:
Blair EE. Relationship
between feed efficiency and reproductive measurements in beef
cattle. [Masters Thesis]. Kansas State University; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/12009
14.
Pulley, Stephanie Leeann.
Hormonal
responses and pregnancy outcomes after five-day ovulation
synchronization and presynchronization programs in lactating dairy
cows.
Degree: PhD, Department of Animal Sciences
and Industry, 2014, Kansas State University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/18266
► Two experiments assessed pregnancy outcomes (pregnancy per AI; P/AI) after 5-d Ovsynch-56 Resynch (RES; GnRH injection 5 d before [GnRH-1; d 0] and 56 h…
(more)
▼ Two experiments assessed pregnancy outcomes (pregnancy
per AI; P/AI) after 5-d
Ovsynch-56 Resynch (RES; GnRH injection 5
d before [GnRH-1; d 0] and 56 h (GnRH-2) after
the last PGF2α
[PGF] injection on d 6 given 24 h after first PGF injection on d 5,
and TAI on d 8)
with and without a 5-d progesterone insert. In
Exp. 1, only 76% of 1,023 nonpregnant cows
enrolled on d 34
post-AI had high (≥1 ng/mL) progesterone. The RES-CIDR cows with
low
progesterone at treatment initiation had greater P/AI than
RES-CON (37.7 vs. 29.4%), whereas
RES-CIDR cows with high
progesterone had lesser P/AI than RES-CON (27.4 vs. 34.3%)
suggesting that supplemental progesterone is
progesterone-dependent. In Exp. 2, 381 cows were
enrolled in
similar treatments on d 31 with RES on d 41post-AI plus a third
treatment including
PG-3-G (Pre-PGF on d 31, Pre-GnRH on d 34, and
RES on d 41. The P/AI was similar among
treatments but was greater
in cows starting RES on d 41 when progesterone was low (44%) than
high (33%).Experiment 3 determined LH and ovulatory responses in
cows enrolled in two
treatments before AI: 1) Pre10 (n = 37):
PGF-1 and PGF-2 given 14 d apart (Presynch); or PG3G
(n = 33): PGF
given concurrent with the PGF-2, 3 d before GnRH-1 followed in 7 d
by Ovsynch
[injection of GnRH (GnRH-2) 7 d before PGF (PGF-3) and
GnRH-3 at either 56 or 72 h after
PGF-3] that was initiated 10 d
after PGF-2 for Pre10 or 7 d after GnRH-1 of PG3G. The GnRH-
1
increased incidences of LH surges and ovulation in PG3G compared
with Pre10. The LH in
serum of Pre10 was greater than that of cows
receiving PG3G after GnRH-2. Following GnRH-
3, cows receiving
GnRH at 72 h had increased incidence of spontaneous LH surges
before
GnRH-3. The P/AI for PG3G vs. Pre10 and for 56 vs. 72 h was
similar, but the Pre10-72 h
treatment combination was less than
all other treatment combinations. Release of LH is protocol
dependent and flexibility of GnRH timing is an advantage for PG3G
before first-service TAI.
Advisors/Committee Members: Jeffrey S. Stevenson.
Subjects/Keywords: Lutenizing
hormone;
Estradiol;
Ovsynch;
Cosynch; Animal Sciences (0475)
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APA (6th Edition):
Pulley, S. L. (2014). Hormonal
responses and pregnancy outcomes after five-day ovulation
synchronization and presynchronization programs in lactating dairy
cows. (Doctoral Dissertation). Kansas State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2097/18266
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Pulley, Stephanie Leeann. “Hormonal
responses and pregnancy outcomes after five-day ovulation
synchronization and presynchronization programs in lactating dairy
cows.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, Kansas State University. Accessed January 17, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2097/18266.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Pulley, Stephanie Leeann. “Hormonal
responses and pregnancy outcomes after five-day ovulation
synchronization and presynchronization programs in lactating dairy
cows.” 2014. Web. 17 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Pulley SL. Hormonal
responses and pregnancy outcomes after five-day ovulation
synchronization and presynchronization programs in lactating dairy
cows. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Kansas State University; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 17].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/18266.
Council of Science Editors:
Pulley SL. Hormonal
responses and pregnancy outcomes after five-day ovulation
synchronization and presynchronization programs in lactating dairy
cows. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Kansas State University; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/18266
Kansas State University
15.
Miller, Kevin Alan.
New
technologies in the field of low-moisture block manufacturing and
supplementation.
Degree: MS, Department of Animal Sciences
and Industry, 2012, Kansas State University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/13535
► Three studies were conducted to investigate alternative ingredients and processing methods for manufacturing low-moisture blocks. Study 1 was designed to determine if ruminal lactate could…
(more)
▼ Three studies were conducted to investigate
alternative ingredients and processing methods for manufacturing
low-moisture blocks. Study 1 was designed to determine if ruminal
lactate could be transiently increased by feeding fructose-based
blocks to heifers fed prairie hay, thus providing substrate for
establishment of lactate utilizing microbes. Low-moisture blocks
comprised of 96% fructose and 4% vegetable oil (DM basis) were
manufactured and dosed via ruminal fistulas. Administration of
fructose blocks resulted in transient increases in ruminal lactate
(P < 0.05), accompanied by transient decreases in pH (P <
0.05). Ruminal fluid incubated with semi-defined lactate medium
became more turbid (P < 0.05) as a result of prior exposure to
fructose blocks suggesting greater capacity for lactate metabolism.
In study 2 a portion of the molasses was replaced by corn steep
liquor (CSL) or condensed corn distiller’s solubles (CCDS). Heifers
were fed a forage-based diet and supplemented with 1 of 4
supplement blocks. Supplements were a 30% CP molasses block
manufactured at ambient pressure and high temperatures (Mol-30).
The remaining treatments were manufactured at reduced pressure and
temperature and were a 30% CP block with 36% CSL (CSL-30); a 40% CP
block with 40% CSL (CSL-40); or a 40% CP block with 25% CCDS
(CCDS-40). Supplementing with Mol-30 and CSL-40 resulted in greater
DMI (%BW) than with CCDS-40 (P < 0.05). Supplementing with
CSL-30 improved efficiency and ADG compared to Mol-30 (P <
0.01). Study 3 evaluated the affect of cooking temperature on
blocks containing CSL fed to heifers receiving a forage-based diet.
Heifers were offered no supplement (Control) or a 15% CSL block
manufactured at ambient pressure and high temperature (HT-15). The
remaining treatments were manufactured at reduced pressure and
temperature and were a 15% CSL block (LT-15); or 40% CSL block
(LT-40). Control heifers had the lowest DMI and LT-40 had the
greatest (P < 0.05). Feeding heifers LT-15 or LT-40 improved ADG
compared to heifers fed HT-15 or no supplement (P < 0.05).
Heifers fed LT-40 tended to be more efficient than those fed HT-15
and Control (P = 0.07).
Advisors/Committee Members: J.S. Drouillard.
Subjects/Keywords: Forage;
Low-moisture blocks; Lactic
acid; Animal Sciences (0475)
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APA (6th Edition):
Miller, K. A. (2012). New
technologies in the field of low-moisture block manufacturing and
supplementation. (Masters Thesis). Kansas State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2097/13535
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Miller, Kevin Alan. “New
technologies in the field of low-moisture block manufacturing and
supplementation.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Kansas State University. Accessed January 17, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2097/13535.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Miller, Kevin Alan. “New
technologies in the field of low-moisture block manufacturing and
supplementation.” 2012. Web. 17 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Miller KA. New
technologies in the field of low-moisture block manufacturing and
supplementation. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Kansas State University; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 17].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/13535.
Council of Science Editors:
Miller KA. New
technologies in the field of low-moisture block manufacturing and
supplementation. [Masters Thesis]. Kansas State University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/13535
Kansas State University
16.
Barnes, Julie A.
Effects of
dietary wheat middlings, dried distillers grains with solubles and
choice white grease on growth performance, carcass charactersitics,
and carcass fat quality of grow-finish pigs.
Degree: MS, Department of Animal Sciences
and Industry, 2011, Kansas State University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/8566
► Five experiments used 3,004 pigs to determine influences of wheat middlings (Midds), dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS), and choice white grease (CWG) on growth,…
(more)
▼ Five experiments used 3,004 pigs to determine
influences of wheat middlings (Midds), dried distillers grains with
solubles (DDGS), and choice white grease (CWG) on growth, carcass
traits, and carcass fat quality of finishing pigs and the optimal
SID Trp:Lys in growing and finishing pigs fed 30% DDGS. In Exp. 1,
pigs fed increasing dietary Midds had decreased (linear; P≤0.02)
ADG and G:F. Feeding 30% DDGS did not influence growth performance.
For carcass traits, increasing Midds decreased (linear; P<0.01)
carcass yield, HCW, and backfat depth (quadratic; P<0.02) but
increased (quadratic; P<0.01) FFLI. Feeding 30% DDGS decreased
(P<0.03) carcass yield and backfat depth (P<0.01), but
increased FFLI (P<0.02) and jowl fat IV (P<0.001). In Exp. 2,
feeding 20% dietary Midds decreased (P<0.01) ADG and G:F. Pigs
fed diets with increasing CWG had improved ADG (quadratic,
P<0.03) and G:F (linear, P<0.01). Dietary Midds or CWG did
not affect ADFI. For carcass traits, feeding 20% Midds decreased
carcass yield (P<0.05), HCW, backfat depth, and loin depth,
while increasing jowl fat IV (P<0.001). Pigs fed CWG also had
decreased (linear, P<0.05) FFLI and increased (linear,
P<0.01) jowl fat iodine value. In conclusion, feeding Midds
reduced pig growth performance, carcass yield, and increased jowl
fat IV. In Exp. 3, xylanase supplementation did not improve growth
performance or carcass traits of pigs fed different dietary energy
and fiber levels. Increasing dietary energy increased (linear;
P<0.001) ADG and G:F with no affect on ADFI. Increasing dietary
energy increased (linear; P<0.01) yield, HCW, backfat depth, and
reduced FFLI (linear; P<0.001) and jowl fat iodine value
(linear; P<0.001). Apparent total tract digestibility of ADF
improved (P<0.002) with the addition of dietary xylanase;
however, there were no differences in any other nutrient
digestibility criteria. As dietary energy increased, there
was an
increase (linear; P<0.02) in apparent digestibility of DM, N,
fat, GE, ADF, and NDF. In Exp. 4 and 5, results indicated the
optimal SID Trp:Lys was 16.5% from 36.3 to 72.6 kg, but at least
19.5% from 72.6 to 120.2 kg in corn-soybean meal diets containing
30% DDGS.
Advisors/Committee Members: Joel M. DeRouchey.
Subjects/Keywords: Wheat
middlings;
DDGS; Finishing
pig; Animal Sciences (0475)
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MLA ·
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CSE |
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Barnes, J. A. (2011). Effects of
dietary wheat middlings, dried distillers grains with solubles and
choice white grease on growth performance, carcass charactersitics,
and carcass fat quality of grow-finish pigs. (Masters Thesis). Kansas State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2097/8566
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Barnes, Julie A. “Effects of
dietary wheat middlings, dried distillers grains with solubles and
choice white grease on growth performance, carcass charactersitics,
and carcass fat quality of grow-finish pigs.” 2011. Masters Thesis, Kansas State University. Accessed January 17, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2097/8566.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Barnes, Julie A. “Effects of
dietary wheat middlings, dried distillers grains with solubles and
choice white grease on growth performance, carcass charactersitics,
and carcass fat quality of grow-finish pigs.” 2011. Web. 17 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Barnes JA. Effects of
dietary wheat middlings, dried distillers grains with solubles and
choice white grease on growth performance, carcass charactersitics,
and carcass fat quality of grow-finish pigs. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Kansas State University; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 17].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/8566.
Council of Science Editors:
Barnes JA. Effects of
dietary wheat middlings, dried distillers grains with solubles and
choice white grease on growth performance, carcass charactersitics,
and carcass fat quality of grow-finish pigs. [Masters Thesis]. Kansas State University; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/8566
Kansas State University
17.
Miller, William Frederick.
Influence of
cane molasses inclusion to dairy cow diets during the transition
period on rumen epithelial development and a proposed mechanism of
rumen epithelial development.
Degree: PhD, Department of Animal Sciences
and Industry, 2011, Kansas State University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/8544
► Research regarding rumen epithelial adaptation and potential mechanisms during the transition period of the dairy cow is lacking. The rumen epithelium has a tremendous capacity…
(more)
▼ Research regarding rumen epithelial adaptation and
potential mechanisms during the
transition period of the dairy cow
is lacking. The rumen epithelium has a tremendous capacity
for the
absorption of volatile fatty acids (VFA) produced from microbial
fermentation in the
rumen. Absorption of VFA from the rumen pool
delivers energy substrates to the
animal and
provides stability to
the rumen environment. Increased epithelial surface area from the
development and adaptation of rumen papillae facilitates VFA
absorption. Manipulation of the
diet to alter rumen fermentation
can have positive effects upon the rumen papillae development
supporting VFA absorption. We hypothesized that enhancing rumen
epithelial surface area
through dietary alterations could lead to
greater VFA absorption and improve rumen stability.
Experiments
were conducted to determine the effects of diets formulated with
cane molasses to
stimulate the production of ruminal butyrate and
thereby increase rumen epithelial surface area
and to investigate
a potential mechanism for glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) to
impact
epithelial development. Feeding cane molasses in the dry
period improved dry matter intake
during the close-up period and
during lactation. Milk production was increased for cows that
were
fed cane molasses during the dry period. Ruminal absorption of
valerate was greater during
the close-up period than the far-off
period but was not influenced by the addition of cane
molasses.
Total VFA concentration measured during the dry period was not
affected by the
addition of cane molasses to the diet. The
presence of glucagon-like peptide receptor (GLP-2R)
mRNA was
confirmed in bovine tissue obtained from rumen epithelium, omasum,
abomasum,
duodenum, jejunum, ileum, large intestine, and pancreas.
The greatest level of expression of
mRNA for GLP-2R was in the
small intestine and large intestine. Expression of GLP-2R mRNA
during the prepartum period tended to be increased with the
addition of cane molasses.
Postpartum expression of GLP-2R was not
increased by supplementing cane molasses in the dry
cow diet.
Results from these experiments indicate that dry cow diets
formulated to contain cane
molasses can positively influence
transition cow performance and that the presence of glucagonlike
peptide-2 receptor could play a pivotal role in rumen epithelial
development.
Advisors/Committee Members: Bradley J. Johnson.
Subjects/Keywords: Dairy;
Molasses;
Rumen;
Epithelium; Glucagon
Like Peptide; Animal Sciences (0475)
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CSE |
Export
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Miller, W. F. (2011). Influence of
cane molasses inclusion to dairy cow diets during the transition
period on rumen epithelial development and a proposed mechanism of
rumen epithelial development. (Doctoral Dissertation). Kansas State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2097/8544
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Miller, William Frederick. “Influence of
cane molasses inclusion to dairy cow diets during the transition
period on rumen epithelial development and a proposed mechanism of
rumen epithelial development.” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, Kansas State University. Accessed January 17, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2097/8544.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Miller, William Frederick. “Influence of
cane molasses inclusion to dairy cow diets during the transition
period on rumen epithelial development and a proposed mechanism of
rumen epithelial development.” 2011. Web. 17 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Miller WF. Influence of
cane molasses inclusion to dairy cow diets during the transition
period on rumen epithelial development and a proposed mechanism of
rumen epithelial development. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Kansas State University; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 17].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/8544.
Council of Science Editors:
Miller WF. Influence of
cane molasses inclusion to dairy cow diets during the transition
period on rumen epithelial development and a proposed mechanism of
rumen epithelial development. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Kansas State University; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/8544
18.
Van Bibber-Krueger, Cadra.
Use of
exogenous growth promotants in finishing cattle.
Degree: MS, Department of Animal Sciences
and Industry, 2014, Kansas State University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/18152
► Exogenous growth promotants, such as the synthetic beta agonist zilpaterol hydrochloride (ZH), have been shown to increase carcass weight by repartitioning energy toward increased skeletal…
(more)
▼ Exogenous growth promotants, such as the synthetic
beta agonist zilpaterol hydrochloride (ZH), have been shown to
increase carcass weight by repartitioning energy toward increased
skeletal muscle at the expense of adipose tissue, which is
associated with a decline in tenderness. More recently, essential
oils such as menthol have been observed to have growth promoting
properties in livestock. The objectives of this research were to
determine effects of ZH on blood parameters and long chain fatty
acids in plasma and adipose tissue, to determine if the decline in
tenderness can be negated by temporary depletion of calcium during
ZH supplementation, and to determine effects of crystalline menthol
on blood parameters. Blood samples were collected in 7-d intervals
during ZH administration. Zilpaterol hydrochloride decreased
concentrations of plasma urea nitrogen and whole blood glucose (P
< 0.10), but had no effects on concentrations of plasma glucose,
lactate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, NEFA, or whole blood lactate (P >
0.10). Total long chain fatty acids of plasma and adipose tissue
were unaffected (P > 0.10); however, ZH supplementation
increased HCW, dressing percentage, and LM area (P < 0.10).
Calcium was temporarily depleted during ZH supplementation in an
attempt to increase tenderness of meat. No differences (P >
0.10) were observed for Warner-Bratzler shear force values, live
animal performance, or carcass measurements. Addition of 0, 0.003,
0.03, 0.3% menthol (diet DM) to diets of steers resulted in a
menthol × time within day interaction (P < 0.01) for IGF-1
concentration and BW; however, glucose, lactate, and PUN
concentrations were unaffected (P > 0.05). Furthermore,
concentrations of VFA were not different (P > 0.05), but
production of fermentative gas was decreased (P < 0.01) when
menthol was added at 0, 0.003, 0.03, 0.3% of substrate DM in a 24 h
in vitro fermentation trial. Results from these studies suggest ZH
improved efficiency of nutrient utilization for increased skeletal
muscle growth; however, the decline in tenderness was not negated
by the temporary depletion of calcium in the diet. Overall, ZH
affected components related to increased skeletal muscle growth,
but menthol did not affect blood parameters associated with
growth.
Advisors/Committee Members: James S. Drouillard.
Subjects/Keywords: Beef
cattle; Beta
agonist; Growth
promotant;
Menthol; Animal Sciences (0475)
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MLA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Van Bibber-Krueger, C. (2014). Use of
exogenous growth promotants in finishing cattle. (Masters Thesis). Kansas State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2097/18152
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Van Bibber-Krueger, Cadra. “Use of
exogenous growth promotants in finishing cattle.” 2014. Masters Thesis, Kansas State University. Accessed January 17, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2097/18152.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Van Bibber-Krueger, Cadra. “Use of
exogenous growth promotants in finishing cattle.” 2014. Web. 17 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Van Bibber-Krueger C. Use of
exogenous growth promotants in finishing cattle. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Kansas State University; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 17].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/18152.
Council of Science Editors:
Van Bibber-Krueger C. Use of
exogenous growth promotants in finishing cattle. [Masters Thesis]. Kansas State University; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/18152
Kansas State University
19.
Blaine, Kirsty Lana.
Development
of protective films for enhancing ruminal bypass of
micronutrients.
Degree: MS, Department of Animal Sciences
and Industry, 2011, Kansas State University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/18140
► A series of experiments were conducted in which wheat gluten film forming solutions were modified by various means to produce films that would improve resistance…
(more)
▼ A series of experiments were conducted in which wheat
gluten film forming solutions were modified by various means to
produce films that would improve resistance to ruminal degradation.
There was an interaction between pH and temperature, whereby low pH
(pH 3) and high temperature (75°C) of film forming solution
resulted in films that had highest resistance to microbial
degradation. Strategies that proved unsuccessful in improving
resistance to ruminal degradation included use of the cross-linking
enzyme, transglutaminase; induction of a Maillard reaction; and
increasing the time of heating film forming solutions. Utilizing
HCl versus acetic acid as the means to lower the pH of the film
forming solution resulted in poor film formation, which can be
attributed to glutenin‟s solubility in acetic acid. When acetic
acid was replaced with 25% HCl, however, no compromise in film
formation was observed and ruminal degradability was not affected.
In order to develop an economical and effective means of
encapsulating lysine for rumen bypass, wheat gluten and corn zein
were evaluated as encapsulation materials. Coating soybean meal
with either wheat gluten or zein resulted in superior protection
against ruminal degradation when compared to unprotected soybean
meal. Compared to wheat gluten, zein was observed to have greater
resistance to ruminal degradation in vitro. Lysine was encapsulated
by the spray dry method with wheat gluten or zein. Results from an
in vitro ammonia release experiment were inconclusive with respect
to effectiveness of the encapsulation process. Wheat gluten films
were approximately 59% degraded in pepsin solution. Our results
suggest that 72% of the wheat gluten film will bypass the rumen and
59% of the bypass fraction of the film will be degraded in the
abomasum. Wheat gluten and zein are suitable candidates for
development of encapsulated nutrients for ruminal
protection.
Advisors/Committee Members: J.S. Drouillard.
Subjects/Keywords: Wheat
gluten;
Zein;
Lysine; Ruminal
degradation; Animal Sciences (0475); Food Science (0359)
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APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Blaine, K. L. (2011). Development
of protective films for enhancing ruminal bypass of
micronutrients. (Masters Thesis). Kansas State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2097/18140
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Blaine, Kirsty Lana. “Development
of protective films for enhancing ruminal bypass of
micronutrients.” 2011. Masters Thesis, Kansas State University. Accessed January 17, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2097/18140.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Blaine, Kirsty Lana. “Development
of protective films for enhancing ruminal bypass of
micronutrients.” 2011. Web. 17 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Blaine KL. Development
of protective films for enhancing ruminal bypass of
micronutrients. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Kansas State University; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 17].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/18140.
Council of Science Editors:
Blaine KL. Development
of protective films for enhancing ruminal bypass of
micronutrients. [Masters Thesis]. Kansas State University; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/18140
20.
Johnson, Jared.
Use of
evaporative cooling systems and their effects on core body
temperature and lying times in dairy cattle.
Degree: MS, Animal Sciences and
Industry, 2015, Kansas State University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/20521
► Study 1 was performed to assess the effect of an evaporative cooling system (ECS) on core body temperature (CBT) and lying times in lactating dairy…
(more)
▼ Study 1 was performed to assess the effect of an
evaporative cooling system (ECS) on core body temperature (CBT) and
lying times in lactating dairy cows. Respiration rates and rear
udder temperatures (T[subscript u]) were also measured. Trial 1
contained 3 environmental treatments while trial 2 contained 2
environmental treatments. Treatments were: OFF (Cyclone fans and
fog shut off), FAN (Cyclone fans only, no fog), and FANFOG (Cyclone
fans and fog on) and cows exposed to these 3 environments were
housed in a bedded pack barn (PACK) equipped with an ECS or a
tie-stall barn (TIE). TIE and PACK cows moved between barns every 8
h for milking and both groups moved opposite of each other.
Ambient, barn temperature and relative humidity (RH) measurements
in addition to vaginal temperatures and lying times were recorded
by sensors which took measurements at 1 min intervals.
Respiration rates (BPM), for PACK cows during FANFOG were reduced
(P < 0.05) when compared to TIE (53 ± 2.0 vs 64 ± 2.0,
respectively) in trial 1. Similar results were found in trial 2.
Rear udder temperature was measured and found to be decreased (P
< 0.05) in PACK cows while housed under FANFOG vs TIE in trial
1. These results could not be repeated in trial 2 because of
greater ambient temperatures.
Core body temperature (CBT) was
reduced during each trial as shown by less time spent above 39.0°C
during FANFOG. During trial 2, PACK spent 5.7 and 8.5 h/d less over
a CBT of 39.0°C compared to TIE cows. Total daily lying time was
tracked and found to increase for cows exposed to the ECS during
PACK but no difference between PACK and TIE.
In study 2, the same
ECS was used but its effects on nonlactating dairy cows were
studied. There was a treatment by h interaction for vaginal
temperature showing the greatest effects during the afternoon h
where FANFOG had numerically decreased CBT vs FAN. FANFOG cows
spent reduced time over a CBT of 39.0°C and greater time <
38.0°C. FANFOG cows also had increased lying times of 1.7 h/d
compared to FAN.
Advisors/Committee Members: Micheal J. Brouk.
Subjects/Keywords: Heat
stress; Evaporative
cooling; Core body
temperature; Lying
behavior; Agriculture, General (0473); Animal Sciences (0475)
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APA (6th Edition):
Johnson, J. (2015). Use of
evaporative cooling systems and their effects on core body
temperature and lying times in dairy cattle. (Masters Thesis). Kansas State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2097/20521
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Johnson, Jared. “Use of
evaporative cooling systems and their effects on core body
temperature and lying times in dairy cattle.” 2015. Masters Thesis, Kansas State University. Accessed January 17, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2097/20521.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Johnson, Jared. “Use of
evaporative cooling systems and their effects on core body
temperature and lying times in dairy cattle.” 2015. Web. 17 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Johnson J. Use of
evaporative cooling systems and their effects on core body
temperature and lying times in dairy cattle. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Kansas State University; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 17].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/20521.
Council of Science Editors:
Johnson J. Use of
evaporative cooling systems and their effects on core body
temperature and lying times in dairy cattle. [Masters Thesis]. Kansas State University; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/20521
21.
Gerlach, Bryce Mark.
The effects
of exercise on beef cattle health, performance, and carcass
quality; and the effects of extended aging, blade tenderization,
and degree of doneness on beef aroma volatile formation.
Degree: PhD, Department of Animal Sciences
and Industry, 2014, Kansas State University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/18246
► Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of exercise on feedlot cattle well-being, growth performance, and carcass characteristics (Experiments 1 and 2). Additionally, two…
(more)
▼ Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects
of exercise on feedlot cattle well-being, growth performance, and
carcass characteristics (Experiments 1 and 2). Additionally, two
experiments assessed the volatile compound profiles of beef in
response to various postmortem processes (Experiments 3 and 4).
Experiment 1 compared heifers (n=30) assigned to either a sedentary
treatment or an exercise regimen 3 times/wk (20 min/d for the first
2 wk, 30 min/d for the next 2 wk, and 40 min/d for the final wk).
Exercised heifers showed decreased blood insulin, daily gains,
final body weights, and lower numerical yield grades in conjunction
with decreased a* and b* color values of longissimus muscle lean.
Experiment 2 exposed steers (n=419) to 1 of 4 treatments; not
exercised (CON), or exercised 3 times/wk by
animal handlers for
20-30 min for the first 10 wk (EARLY), the last 7 wk (LATE), or for
the entire 116 d finishing period (ALL). EARLY treatment cattle
exhibited a decrease in blood insulin while EARLY and ALL treatment
cattle produced carcasses with decreased marbling scores in
comparison to CON cattle. Experiment 3 assessed the volatile
compounds generated by raw and cooked beef gluteus medius steaks
(n=30) subjected to blade tenderization and aging times ranging
from 5 to 61 d. Raw steaks aged longer than 19 d produced greater
concentrations of heptanal, octanal, and nonanal than raw steaks
aged 5 d, but cooked steaks showed no change in these compounds in
response to aging. Additionally, blade tenderization reduced the
concentrations of lipid oxidation and Maillard reaction products in
cooked steaks. Experiment 4 investigated cross-sections, external,
and internal locations of beef longissimus lumborum steaks (n=54)
cooked to 63, 71, or 77 °C and aged for 5, 21, or 37 d. External
locations generated aldehydes in greater amounts than internal
locations while pyrazines are produced exclusively at external
locations. Increases in degree of doneness increased all aldehydes,
except nonanal, in steak cross-sections. Aldehydes, except hexanal
and octanal, generated from external locations became similar to
internal locations as aging times increased. Pyrazines from
external locations were reduced by increased aging
times.
Advisors/Committee Members: John A. Unruh.
Subjects/Keywords: Aging;
Aroma;
Beef; Blade
tenderization; Degree of
doneness;
Exercise; Animal Sciences (0475)
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APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Gerlach, B. M. (2014). The effects
of exercise on beef cattle health, performance, and carcass
quality; and the effects of extended aging, blade tenderization,
and degree of doneness on beef aroma volatile formation. (Doctoral Dissertation). Kansas State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2097/18246
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Gerlach, Bryce Mark. “The effects
of exercise on beef cattle health, performance, and carcass
quality; and the effects of extended aging, blade tenderization,
and degree of doneness on beef aroma volatile formation.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, Kansas State University. Accessed January 17, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2097/18246.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Gerlach, Bryce Mark. “The effects
of exercise on beef cattle health, performance, and carcass
quality; and the effects of extended aging, blade tenderization,
and degree of doneness on beef aroma volatile formation.” 2014. Web. 17 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Gerlach BM. The effects
of exercise on beef cattle health, performance, and carcass
quality; and the effects of extended aging, blade tenderization,
and degree of doneness on beef aroma volatile formation. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Kansas State University; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 17].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/18246.
Council of Science Editors:
Gerlach BM. The effects
of exercise on beef cattle health, performance, and carcass
quality; and the effects of extended aging, blade tenderization,
and degree of doneness on beef aroma volatile formation. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Kansas State University; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/18246
Kansas State University
22.
Nemechek, Jeremiah Eugene.
Evaluation of
compensatory gain, standardized ileal digestible lysine
requirement, and replacing specialty protein sources with
crystalline amino acids on growth performance of nursery
pigs.
Degree: MS, Department of Animal Sciences
and Industry, 2011, Kansas State University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/9972
► A total of 5,212 nursery pigs were used in 11 experiments to evaluate amino acids in nursery pig diets. Experiments 1 and 2 were conducted…
(more)
▼ A total of 5,212 nursery pigs were used in 11
experiments to evaluate amino acids in nursery pig diets.
Experiments 1 and 2 were conducted to determine whether the Lys
level fed during one phase of the nursery influenced the response
to Lys during subsequent phases. Experiment 1 tested a wide range
of dietary Lys in 2 phases and reported that pigs fed high Lys
during each period had increased growth performance; however,
compensatory growth occurred for the pigs previously fed low Lys
diets, resulting in no impact on overall ADG or final BW.
Experiment 2 tested a narrow range of dietary Lys in 3 phases and
found that marginally deficient diets can be fed in the early
nursery phases without influencing final BW or the response to Lys
levels in subsequent phases. Both experiments demonstrate that the
low dietary Lys levels used in each can be fed in the early nursery
phases with no negative impact on overall nursery growth rate
provided that adequate levels are fed thereafter.
Experiments 3 to
6 were conducted to determine the standardized ileal digestible
(SID) Lys requirement of nursery pigs from 7- to 14-kg. Data from
all experiments were combined and break-point and quadratic
broken-line analysis was used to determine the estimated SID Lys
requirement. The SID Lys requirement for optimal growth was at
least 1.30% for ADG and 1.37% for G:F, or at least 3.86 and 4.19 g
SID Lys/Mcal ME, respectively.
Experiments 7 to 11 were conducted
to evaluate the effect of replacing specialty protein sources with
crystalline AA and AA requirements for 7- to 12-kg pigs. Experiment
7 demonstrated that crystalline AA can be used to replace fish meal
in diets with no negative effects on growth performance. Experiment
8 demonstrated that L-Trp, L-Val, and a source of non-essential AA
were needed in low-CP, AA-fortified nursery diets to achieve
maximum growth performance, whereas the addition of L-Ile was not
required. Experiment 9 indicated that feeding greater than 7.35%
total Lys:CP decreased growth performance and Exp. 10 indicated
that a SID Val:Lys ratio of 65% was sufficient for optimal growth
of early nursery pigs. Implementing the results from the previous
experiments, Exp. 11 determined that crystalline AA in nursery pigs
diets can replace high amounts of fish meal, meat and bone meal,
and poultry meal when balanced for minimum AA ratios and maximum
Lys:CP with no negative effect on growth performance.
Advisors/Committee Members: Michael D. Tokach.
Subjects/Keywords: Amino
acids;
Compensatory growth; Crystalline
amino acids;
Lysine;
Pig; Animal Sciences (0475)
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Nemechek, J. E. (2011). Evaluation of
compensatory gain, standardized ileal digestible lysine
requirement, and replacing specialty protein sources with
crystalline amino acids on growth performance of nursery
pigs. (Masters Thesis). Kansas State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2097/9972
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Nemechek, Jeremiah Eugene. “Evaluation of
compensatory gain, standardized ileal digestible lysine
requirement, and replacing specialty protein sources with
crystalline amino acids on growth performance of nursery
pigs.” 2011. Masters Thesis, Kansas State University. Accessed January 17, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2097/9972.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Nemechek, Jeremiah Eugene. “Evaluation of
compensatory gain, standardized ileal digestible lysine
requirement, and replacing specialty protein sources with
crystalline amino acids on growth performance of nursery
pigs.” 2011. Web. 17 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Nemechek JE. Evaluation of
compensatory gain, standardized ileal digestible lysine
requirement, and replacing specialty protein sources with
crystalline amino acids on growth performance of nursery
pigs. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Kansas State University; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 17].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/9972.
Council of Science Editors:
Nemechek JE. Evaluation of
compensatory gain, standardized ileal digestible lysine
requirement, and replacing specialty protein sources with
crystalline amino acids on growth performance of nursery
pigs. [Masters Thesis]. Kansas State University; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/9972
Kansas State University
23.
Trible, Shelby DeNoya.
The effects
of canning on B-vitamin retention in a model cat diet with an
emphasis on thiamine.
Degree: MS, Department of Grain Science and
Industry, 2016, Kansas State University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/20594
► Water soluble B-vitamins play an integral role in normal metabolic function in cats. For example, thiamine deficiency results in anorexia, neurological impairment, and, in severe…
(more)
▼ Water soluble B-vitamins play an integral role in
normal metabolic function in cats. For example, thiamine deficiency
results in anorexia, neurological impairment, and, in severe cases,
death in a few weeks’ time. However, little research has addressed
how these vitamins are affected during cat food canning. Thiamine
is the most susceptible to degradation during this process, with
less known about how it affects the other B-vitamins. Therefore,
our objectives were to determine the effects of modifying
processing parameters on thiamine and other water-soluble
B-vitamins in a model canned cat food.
In a series of five
experiments, various processing parameters were adjusted: including
cook (retort) time, batter moisture and temperature, pH, protein
source, and the addition of sulfites. Pressure (172368.93 Pa) and
temperature (121 ̊C) within the retort remained the same for all
treatments. As retort time increased, thiamine concentration
decreased (P ≤ 0.05). No loss of B-vitamin concentration was noted
for thiamine, riboflavin, cobalamin, and pantothenic acid as batter
moisture increased. Likewise, as batter temperature increased,
concentration of riboflavin, niacin, pyridoxine, folic acid, and
pantothenic acid remained constant (P ˃ 0.10). When different types
of thiamine were included for supplementation, thiamine mononitrate
tended to have a greater retention of the vitamin than thiamine
hydrochloride (P = 0.12). The protein sources selected for the
experiment included chicken as a control, beef liver, chicken
liver, pork liver, salmon, tuna, and whitefish. The salmon, tuna,
and whitefish were grouped together for analysis. Beef liver,
chicken liver, and pork liver were grouped together for analysis.
The vitamin retention of each group was compared.
When compared to
chicken or liver, thiamine retention was greatest in diets
containing fish (P≤ 0.05). In addition, riboflavin, niacin, and
cobalamin retentions were greatest (P≤ 0.05) in diets containing
liver. The addition of sulfites came from dehydrated potatoes added
to thediets in exchange for rice. Thiamine tended to decrease in
those diets with sulfite containing dehydrated potatoes (P= 0.07)
compared to diets containing rice. Pyridoxine and pantothenic acid
retention decreased in diets containing dehydrated potatoes (P≤
0.05) compared to diets containing rice.
The largest negative
impact on thiamine retention was time in the retort; cobalamin,
folic acid, and riboflavin were also negatively affected. Including
sulfite-containing potatoes in the diet tended to decrease
thiamine, pyridoxine, and pantothenic acid. It was expected that
diets containing chicken would retain more thiamine than those
formulated with fish and liver. However, diets containing fish
retained more thiamine, pyridoxine, and pantothenic acid.
Therefore, it appears that processing and diet composition can
affect the B-vitamin content of canned cat foods and must be
accounted for when producing commercial products.
Advisors/Committee Members: Greg Aldrich.
Subjects/Keywords: Thiamine; B-Vitamins; Pet Food; Thermal
Processing; Agriculture, General (0473); Animal Sciences (0475)
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to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Trible, S. D. (2016). The effects
of canning on B-vitamin retention in a model cat diet with an
emphasis on thiamine. (Masters Thesis). Kansas State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2097/20594
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Trible, Shelby DeNoya. “The effects
of canning on B-vitamin retention in a model cat diet with an
emphasis on thiamine.” 2016. Masters Thesis, Kansas State University. Accessed January 17, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2097/20594.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Trible, Shelby DeNoya. “The effects
of canning on B-vitamin retention in a model cat diet with an
emphasis on thiamine.” 2016. Web. 17 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Trible SD. The effects
of canning on B-vitamin retention in a model cat diet with an
emphasis on thiamine. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Kansas State University; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 17].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/20594.
Council of Science Editors:
Trible SD. The effects
of canning on B-vitamin retention in a model cat diet with an
emphasis on thiamine. [Masters Thesis]. Kansas State University; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/20594
24.
Mundell, Lauren Rae.
Effects of
pre-partum and post-partum bolus injections of trace minerals on
performance of beef cows and calves grazing native
range.
Degree: MS, Department of Animal Sciences
and Industry, 2011, Kansas State University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/8840
► Our objective was to evaluate the effects of pre- and post-partum bolus injections of a trace mineral solution on beef cow reproductive performance, body weight…
(more)
▼ Our objective was to evaluate the effects of pre- and
post-partum bolus injections of a trace mineral solution on beef
cow reproductive performance, body weight (BW) change, and body
condition score (BCS) change and on performance of suckling calves.
Mature beef cows (n = 460; initial BW = 497 ± 89 kg, initial BCS =
5.4 ± 0.74) were stratified by BCS, parity, and predicted calving
date and assigned randomly to 1 of 2 treatments: 1) subcutaneous
trace mineral (TM) injection containing 15 mg/mL Cu, 5 mg/mL Se, 10
mg/mL Mn, and 60 mg/mL Zn or 2) subcutaneous injection of
physiological saline (SA). Injections were administered to cows (1
mL / 90 kg BW) 105 days before the first projected calving date and
again 30 days before fixed-time AI. Calves received the same
treatment as their dams and were injected (1 mL / 45 kg BW) at
birth and again at 71 ± 21 days of age. Cows grazed native pastures
for the duration of the study; trace mineral supplements and white
salt were available to all cattle ad libitum before and during the
study. Ovulation was synchronized using a 5-d CO-Synch + CIDR
protocol and cows were inseminated 60 to 64 hours after CIDR
removal. Cows were exposed to fertile bulls for natural-service
breeding 10 days after AI for 35 to 50 days. Conception to AI and
final pregnancy rate were assessed 36 days after AI with ultrasound
and 120 days after AI via rectal palpation. Change in BW and BCS
from initiation of the study to calving and from AI to weaning did
not differ (P ≥ 0.15) between TM and SA cows. Conversely, TM cows
had greater (P = 0.04) BCS increase than SA cows between calving
and AI. Calf BW at birth, ADG, and age-adjusted weaning BW did not
differ (P ≥ 0.36) between treatments. Proportion of cows with
estrus cycles 17 and 8 days before ovulation synchronization was
similar (P ≥ 0.51) between treatments. Conception to AI was greater
(P = 0.05) for cows receiving TM (60.2%) than for cows receiving SA
(51.2%); however, overall pregnancy did not differ (P = 0.24)
between treatments and averaged 92%. Under the conditions of our
study, pre- and post-partum TM injections improved conception to
fixed-time AI by beef cows.
Advisors/Committee Members: K C Olson.
Subjects/Keywords: Ruminant
nutrition; Animal Sciences (0475)
…limitation to using self-fed mineral supplements is variation in animal intake. More
direct methods… …Zn/animal /day for grass +
basal supplement; 2) 0.930 g Zn/animal/day for grass… …were collected from the left and right uterine horns and body of the uterus of each
animal… …the
consistency of TM intake, improve animal performance, and reduce waste compared to… …status of Angus and Simmental
calves. Animal Science Research Report, Iowa State University…
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APA (6th Edition):
Mundell, L. R. (2011). Effects of
pre-partum and post-partum bolus injections of trace minerals on
performance of beef cows and calves grazing native
range. (Masters Thesis). Kansas State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2097/8840
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Mundell, Lauren Rae. “Effects of
pre-partum and post-partum bolus injections of trace minerals on
performance of beef cows and calves grazing native
range.” 2011. Masters Thesis, Kansas State University. Accessed January 17, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2097/8840.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Mundell, Lauren Rae. “Effects of
pre-partum and post-partum bolus injections of trace minerals on
performance of beef cows and calves grazing native
range.” 2011. Web. 17 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Mundell LR. Effects of
pre-partum and post-partum bolus injections of trace minerals on
performance of beef cows and calves grazing native
range. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Kansas State University; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 17].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/8840.
Council of Science Editors:
Mundell LR. Effects of
pre-partum and post-partum bolus injections of trace minerals on
performance of beef cows and calves grazing native
range. [Masters Thesis]. Kansas State University; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/8840
Kansas State University
25.
Gregory, Andrew J.
Landscape
genetics and behavioral ecology of Greater Prairie-Chickens
(Tympanuchus cupido).
Degree: PhD, Department of
Biology, 2011, Kansas State University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/8530
► Anthropogenic activities and climate change have dramatically altered landscapes worldwide. The ability of species to cope and adapt to ongoing changes is likely a function…
(more)
▼ Anthropogenic activities and climate change have
dramatically altered landscapes worldwide. The ability of species
to cope and adapt to ongoing changes is likely a function of their
behavior, movements, and sensitivity to fragmentation. Greater
Prairie-Chickens (GPC) are a lek mating grouse native to the Great
Plains Landscape Conservation Cooperative (GPLCC), for which
inbreeding depression and anthropogenic avoidance are a concern.
The goals of my dissertation were to: 1) identify genetic
correlates of male performance which may influence population
viability under current land use practices, 2) identify GPC habitat
characteristics and delineate areas of critical GPC habitat
necessary for GPC conservation, and 3) identify the relative
importance of distance and habitat quality for maintaining genetic
connectivity among spatially structured populations. First, I found
male reproductive success and survival to be positively associated
with genetic diversity. Using multistate modeling in Program Mark,
male survival across the observed range of variation in number of
alleles (15-22) increased more than fourfold from 0.17 to 0.77.
Second, I found 35-40% of Kansas, and 1.5 % (11,000 Km squared) of
the GPLCC, were considered high-quality lek habitats. Top
performing logistic models predicting lek presence (wi=0.95)
included strong effects of grassland cover and avoidance of
anthropogenic disturbance. When this model was applied to putative
future landscapes based on climate change and current land use
trends over a 70-year period, I found a 27-40% reduction in habitat
area and a 137 Km southeast shift in habitat distribution. Under
equilibrium conditions we expect isolation by distance (IBD) to
explain the distribution of genetic diversity. However, if the
landscape restricts dispersal, then we might observe isolation by
resistance (IBR). I used model selection procedures to choose among
competing IBR or IBD models to explain the distribution of genetic
diversity among GPC populations across Kansas and the GPLCC. IBD
was never supported (R-square<0.02, P>0.09). The best models
for Kansas (R2=0.69, P<0.02) and for the GPLCC (R-square=0.46,
P<0.02) indicated that human-mediated landscape changes have
influenced landscape permeability for dispersal. The integration of
behavioral, landscape, and genetic data provided new insights on
prairie-chicken ecology, and is a powerful approach for developing
conservation strategies for sensitive species.
Advisors/Committee Members: Brett K. SandercockSamantha Wisely.
Subjects/Keywords: Landscape
genetics;
permeability modeling; Behavioral
Ecology; Animal Sciences (0475); Biology (0306); Ecology (0329)
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APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Gregory, A. J. (2011). Landscape
genetics and behavioral ecology of Greater Prairie-Chickens
(Tympanuchus cupido). (Doctoral Dissertation). Kansas State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2097/8530
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Gregory, Andrew J. “Landscape
genetics and behavioral ecology of Greater Prairie-Chickens
(Tympanuchus cupido).” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, Kansas State University. Accessed January 17, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2097/8530.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Gregory, Andrew J. “Landscape
genetics and behavioral ecology of Greater Prairie-Chickens
(Tympanuchus cupido).” 2011. Web. 17 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Gregory AJ. Landscape
genetics and behavioral ecology of Greater Prairie-Chickens
(Tympanuchus cupido). [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Kansas State University; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 17].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/8530.
Council of Science Editors:
Gregory AJ. Landscape
genetics and behavioral ecology of Greater Prairie-Chickens
(Tympanuchus cupido). [Doctoral Dissertation]. Kansas State University; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/8530
Kansas State University
26.
Paulk, Chad Bennett.
Manipulation
of processing technologies to enhance growth performance and (or)
reduce production costs in pigs.
Degree: MS, Department of Animal Sciences
and Industry, 2011, Kansas State University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/9206
► Nine experiments were completed to evaluate the effects of feed manufacturing practices on milling characteristics of diets and growth performance and stomach morphology in pigs.…
(more)
▼ Nine experiments were completed to evaluate the
effects of feed manufacturing practices on milling characteristics
of diets and growth performance and stomach morphology in pigs. In
Exp. 1 and 2, reducing the particle size of sorghum from 800 to 400
μm improved (P < 0.04) efficiency of gain in finishing pigs by
5% but had negative effects on cost of milling and stomach
morphology. In Exp. 3 and 4, finishing pigs fed diets with 10 mg/kg
of ractopamine HCl, had improved (P < 0.05) ADG, G:F, HCW,
dressing percentage, and percentage carcass lean. However,
increasing mix time of the diet from 0 to 360 s did not affect (P
> 0.06) the response of finishing pigs to ractopamine HCl. In
Exp. 5 and 6, adding ground and cracked corn to a pelleted
supplement for nursery pigs decreased (P < 0.01) growth
performance compared to feeding a complete pellet. In Exp. 7,
increasing the percentage of cracked corn in a diet for finishing
pigs decreased development of stomach lesions but also had a
generally negative effect on efficiency of gain. In Exp. 8, adding
cracked corn to a pelleted supplement (as done for the nursery
pigs) decreased milling costs and improved health of stomach
tissue. But, G:F was decreased by 6% (P < 0.05) which will make
this technology unattractive to swine producers. In our final
experiment (Exp. 9), pigs fed pellets tended to have the greatest
growth performance, pigs fed mash the worst, and pigs fed pellets
for only part of the grow-finish phase fell in between. In
conclusion, grinding sorghum-based diets for finishing pigs
improved efficiency of growth but extensive mixing to maximize diet
uniformity had no effect on growth performance or carcass
measurements. Use of cracked corn in diets does decrease diet costs
and improve stomach health in finishing pigs but feeding of
complete pellets for the entire finishing period supports maximum
rate and (or) efficiency of gain.
Advisors/Committee Members: Joe D. Hancock.
Subjects/Keywords: Pellet; Cracked
corn; Particle
size; Mix
uniformity;
Ulcers;
Pigs; Animal Sciences (0475)
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APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Paulk, C. B. (2011). Manipulation
of processing technologies to enhance growth performance and (or)
reduce production costs in pigs. (Masters Thesis). Kansas State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2097/9206
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Paulk, Chad Bennett. “Manipulation
of processing technologies to enhance growth performance and (or)
reduce production costs in pigs.” 2011. Masters Thesis, Kansas State University. Accessed January 17, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2097/9206.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Paulk, Chad Bennett. “Manipulation
of processing technologies to enhance growth performance and (or)
reduce production costs in pigs.” 2011. Web. 17 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Paulk CB. Manipulation
of processing technologies to enhance growth performance and (or)
reduce production costs in pigs. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Kansas State University; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 17].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/9206.
Council of Science Editors:
Paulk CB. Manipulation
of processing technologies to enhance growth performance and (or)
reduce production costs in pigs. [Masters Thesis]. Kansas State University; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/9206
Kansas State University
27.
Roe, Janell.
Review and
analysis of the 2008 National Stocker Survey.
Degree: MS, Department of Agricultural
Economics, 2011, Kansas State University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/8629
► The 2008 National Stocker Survey defines the backgrounding/stocking of cattle as ―operations where calves are grown after weaning and/or preconditioning but before the feedlot. This…
(more)
▼ The 2008 National Stocker Survey defines the
backgrounding/stocking of cattle as ―operations where calves are
grown after weaning and/or preconditioning but before the feedlot.
This includes calves purchased for this purpose as well as those
retained by cow-calf producers post-weaning, but before marketing
or retention through the feedlot. Backgrounding offers many
benefits to farmers including, but not limited to, adding value to
their feedstuffs—hay, grain, etc.—by feeding it to their cattle and
potentially spreading risk by increasing marketing time or engaging
in contracts with feedlots. However, producers also take on
increased costs as it takes more time to wean, bunk-train,
vaccinate, etc. compared to other operations in the cattle
industry.
This thesis attempts to analyze two studies using the
2008 National Stocker Survey. The first is how producer and
operation characteristics—producer age, type of operation, income
derived from backgrounding—relate to why producers find variables
such as cattle prices,
animal health management, marketing
practices, and nutrition important. The second is how producer and
operation characteristics relate to producers that use futures
market contracts and options on futures. Binary and ordered logit
models were used to find the statistical significance of the
aforementioned studies.Since this survey was specifically designed
to profile the stocking/backgrounding industry, some of the
estimated models did not add a lot of value beyond the summary
statistics for the various dependent variables. That is, the
ordered logit models did not identify any strong relationships
given that almost all of the producers that responded to these
questions found feeder cattle prices,
animal health management,
marketing practices, and nutrition very important, which can be
seen by analyzing the summary statistics. In addition, the binary
logit
models that were used for the futures market contract and
options on futures models, found that the best way to pinpoint
producers using either futures contracts or options was if
producers were already using risk management strategies. Therefore,
the survey’s purpose of profiling the stocker industry may be its
best use.
Advisors/Committee Members: Kevin C. Dhuyvetter.
Subjects/Keywords: Stocking
cattle;
Backgrounding cattle;
Options; Futures
contracts; Animal Sciences (0475); Economics, Agricultural (0503)
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APA (6th Edition):
Roe, J. (2011). Review and
analysis of the 2008 National Stocker Survey. (Masters Thesis). Kansas State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2097/8629
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Roe, Janell. “Review and
analysis of the 2008 National Stocker Survey.” 2011. Masters Thesis, Kansas State University. Accessed January 17, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2097/8629.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Roe, Janell. “Review and
analysis of the 2008 National Stocker Survey.” 2011. Web. 17 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Roe J. Review and
analysis of the 2008 National Stocker Survey. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Kansas State University; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 17].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/8629.
Council of Science Editors:
Roe J. Review and
analysis of the 2008 National Stocker Survey. [Masters Thesis]. Kansas State University; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/8629
Kansas State University
28.
Bergstrom, Jonathan Robert.
Effects of
birth weight, finishing feeder design, and dietary astaxanthin and
ractopamine HCl on the growth, carcass, and pork quality
characteristics of pigs; and meta-analyses to improve the
prediction of pork fat quality.
Degree: PhD, Department of Animal Sciences
and Industry, 2011, Kansas State University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/9218
► Eleven-thousand one-hundred eighty-five pigs were used in 11 experiments to determine effects of birth-weight, feeder design, and dietary astaxanthin (AX) and ractopamine HCl (RAC) on…
(more)
▼ Eleven-thousand one-hundred eighty-five pigs were used
in 11 experiments to determine effects of birth-weight, feeder
design, and dietary astaxanthin (AX) and ractopamine HCl (RAC) on
growth, carcass, and pork quality characteristics of pigs. Also,
data from 27 experiments were used in meta-analyses to improve
prediction of pork fat iodine value (IV). In Exp. 1, increased
birth-weight resulted in greater (quadratic, P < 0.05)
pre-weaning survivability, ADG, final BW, and likelihood of
achieving full-value market at 181-d of age. In Exp. 2, 3, 4, 6, 7,
and 8, pigs using the wet-dry feeder (WD) had greater (P < 0.05)
ADG, ADFI, and final BW than those using the conventional dry
feeder (CD). Pigs using WD had poorer (P < 0.05) G:F in Exp. 3
and 4, and increased (P < 0.05) HCW and backfat depth in Exp. 3,
4, 6, and 7, compared to pigs fed using CD. In Exp. 5, pigs using
WD from 19 to 38 kg had decreased (P < 0.02) ADFI and better G:F
than pigs using CD. Increased feeder opening of WD increased (P
< 0.05) ADG, ADFI, and final BW in Exp. 5, 6, and 7; as well as
HCW and backfat depth in Exp. 6 and 7. Reducing WD opening at 28-
and 56-d in Exp. 7 decreased (P < 0.05) ADG, ADFI, and backfat
depth. Different openings of CD had little effect on performance in
Exp. 5 and 6. In Exp. 8, changing water-source of WD to a separate
location during late-finishing reduced (P < 0.05) overall ADG,
ADFI, and final BW. Limited responses to AX were observed in Exp.
9, 10, and 11, but ADG, G:F, final BW, HCW, and fat-free lean were
improved (P < 0.05) for pigs fed RAC in Exp. 10 and 11. Total
color change during retail display of LM chops for gilts and pigs
fed RAC was reduced (P < 0.05) in Exp. 10 and 11, indicating
their color shelf-life improved. In the meta-analyses, models using
dietary PUFA with ADG, BW, or backfat depth improved the fat IV
prediction from R2 = 0.45 to R2 = 0.90.
Advisors/Committee Members: Jim L. Nelssen.
Subjects/Keywords: Astaxanthin; Birth
weight; Feeder
design;
Litter;
Pigs; Pork fat
quality; Animal Sciences (0475)
Record Details
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APA ·
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CSE |
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Bergstrom, J. R. (2011). Effects of
birth weight, finishing feeder design, and dietary astaxanthin and
ractopamine HCl on the growth, carcass, and pork quality
characteristics of pigs; and meta-analyses to improve the
prediction of pork fat quality. (Doctoral Dissertation). Kansas State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2097/9218
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Bergstrom, Jonathan Robert. “Effects of
birth weight, finishing feeder design, and dietary astaxanthin and
ractopamine HCl on the growth, carcass, and pork quality
characteristics of pigs; and meta-analyses to improve the
prediction of pork fat quality.” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, Kansas State University. Accessed January 17, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2097/9218.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Bergstrom, Jonathan Robert. “Effects of
birth weight, finishing feeder design, and dietary astaxanthin and
ractopamine HCl on the growth, carcass, and pork quality
characteristics of pigs; and meta-analyses to improve the
prediction of pork fat quality.” 2011. Web. 17 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Bergstrom JR. Effects of
birth weight, finishing feeder design, and dietary astaxanthin and
ractopamine HCl on the growth, carcass, and pork quality
characteristics of pigs; and meta-analyses to improve the
prediction of pork fat quality. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Kansas State University; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 17].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/9218.
Council of Science Editors:
Bergstrom JR. Effects of
birth weight, finishing feeder design, and dietary astaxanthin and
ractopamine HCl on the growth, carcass, and pork quality
characteristics of pigs; and meta-analyses to improve the
prediction of pork fat quality. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Kansas State University; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/9218
Kansas State University
29.
Sullivan, Michelle Lea.
Inclusion of
wet corn gluten feed with physically effective neutral detergent
fiber and the resulting effects on production.
Degree: MS, Department of Animal Sciences
and Industry, 2011, Kansas State University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/12001
► Wet corn gluten feed (WCGF) is commonly included in lactation rations for dairy cattle. Research at Kansas State University has shown that increasing WCGF inclusion…
(more)
▼ Wet corn gluten feed (WCGF) is commonly included in
lactation rations for dairy cattle. Research at Kansas State
University has shown that increasing WCGF inclusion decreased
ruminal pH. Lack of adequate particle size may result in this
decrease and can impact efficiencies,
animal health and longevity.
A study was conducted to look at the effects of feeding WCGF while
maintaining > 10% of particles > 19 mm across diets. We
hypothesized that as WCGF increased, DMI and milk yield would
increase while ruminal pH would be maintained. Seven
ruminally-cannulated, lactating Holstein cows were used in an
incomplete 4 × 4 Latin square design with treatments of 0, 12.4,
24.5 or 35.1% WCGF across 4 periods of 21 d. Alfalfa hay was used
to maintain particle size. All diets met particle size goals;
however, as WCGF increased, the proportion of particles > 19 mm
decreased (P = 0.01) and cows changed their sorting behavior in
favor of particles > 19 mm (P = 0.03) and against particles on
the bottom screen (P < 0.01) and pan (P = 0.01). As WCGF
increased, ruminal pH and ECM/DMI were not affected, yet DMI (P =
0.02) and milk yield (P = 0.02) increased quadratically. Milk
protein, lactose and fat concentrations were not affected; however,
milk protein (P = 0.004;
linear) and lactose (P = 0.02; quadratic)
yields increased. In a separate study, active dry yeast
(ADY)
products, commonly used in the dairy industry to support ruminal
health, were evaluated
for product guarantees and effects of
storage and storage medium. Few products received through normal
distribution met product guarantees (1 of 6; experiment 1) and
after 3 mo of storage cell viability dropped significantly (P <
0.01). In the second experiment, products were stored in ground
corn or in a vitamin-trace mineral mix (VTM). Depressions in
viability caused by high-temperature storage were partially
mitigated when ADY products were stored with a VTM. Although both
mediums resulted in lower cell viabilities after storage at 40ºC,
VTM cell viabilities were significantly (P = 0.02) higher than
ground corn.
Advisors/Committee Members: Barry J. Bradford.
Subjects/Keywords: peNDF; Wet corn
gluten feed; Ruminal
pH; Active dry
yeast;
Viability; Animal Sciences (0475)
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APA ·
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CSE |
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to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Sullivan, M. L. (2011). Inclusion of
wet corn gluten feed with physically effective neutral detergent
fiber and the resulting effects on production. (Masters Thesis). Kansas State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2097/12001
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Sullivan, Michelle Lea. “Inclusion of
wet corn gluten feed with physically effective neutral detergent
fiber and the resulting effects on production.” 2011. Masters Thesis, Kansas State University. Accessed January 17, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2097/12001.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Sullivan, Michelle Lea. “Inclusion of
wet corn gluten feed with physically effective neutral detergent
fiber and the resulting effects on production.” 2011. Web. 17 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Sullivan ML. Inclusion of
wet corn gluten feed with physically effective neutral detergent
fiber and the resulting effects on production. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Kansas State University; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 17].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/12001.
Council of Science Editors:
Sullivan ML. Inclusion of
wet corn gluten feed with physically effective neutral detergent
fiber and the resulting effects on production. [Masters Thesis]. Kansas State University; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/12001
Kansas State University
30.
Stephens, Daren.
Hedonic bull
pricing models: estimating the value of traits of bulls sold
following performance testing.
Degree: Master of Agribusiness, Department of Agricultural
Economics, 2015, Kansas State University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/20575
► Selection of a herd sire has always been of paramount importance given the initial financial investment and their contribution and effect on the genetic make-up…
(more)
▼ Selection of a herd sire has always been of paramount
importance given the initial financial investment and their
contribution and effect on the genetic make-up of a beef herd. Data
was collected from the nation’s longest consecutively run bull test
conducted at the University Farm of Oklahoma Panhandle State
University (OPSU). The Bull Test and Bull Sale data utilized were
collected from 2008-2013. Performance data was collected over a 112
day test period with data collection occurring at 28 day intervals.
The top seventy bulls from each year’s test were selected based
upon a performance index of ½ ADG and ½ weight per day of age
(WDA), and a semen quality and motility score of excellent and sold
at auction. Angus bulls were the focus of the study as they
represented the vast majority of individuals sold. Three hedonic
pricing models were created to try to determine what attributes
buyers at the OPSU bull test sale were placing emphasis on. The
initial hedonic model contained production data that included BW,
ADG, WDA, Julian age, final test weight ultrasound data, and a
dummy variable for sale year. The second model utilized all
production data and added genetic variables in the form of
production EPDs (Calving Ease Direct (CED), BW, Weaning Weight and
Yearling Weight) and maternal EPDs (Calving Ease Maternal, Maternal
Milk). The third model included the variables from the first and
second models with the inclusion of carcass EPDs (Marbling, Ribeye
Area (REA) and FAT). Year was significant in all three models
however there was less of an effect on price as more variables were
included. In model one, the production facts that were of
significance were: ADG (P<0.01), BW (P<0.01) and final test
weight (P<0.01). In the second model, ADG, BW and final test
weight retained their significance at the P<0.01 level. The only
production EPD that was significant (P<0.05) was CED. In the
third model, years, ADG and BW were still significant (P<0.01).
Final test weight (P=0.70) and CED (P = 0.132) had substantial
changes. The carcass EPD ribeye area had a P value of 0.057.
Producers who are placing bulls on test can utilize the given
information to assist with their selection. It cannot go unsaid
that while single trait selection can be very detrimental; ADG was
significant across all models. The study indicates that performance
and growth are of utmost importance to buyers, followed by birth
weight consideration.
Advisors/Committee Members: Ted Schroeder.
Subjects/Keywords: Hedonics;
Bulls;
Pricing;
Performance;
Economics;
EPD; Agriculture, General (0473); Animal Sciences (0475); Education, Agricultural (0517)
Record Details
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APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Stephens, D. (2015). Hedonic bull
pricing models: estimating the value of traits of bulls sold
following performance testing. (Masters Thesis). Kansas State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2097/20575
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Stephens, Daren. “Hedonic bull
pricing models: estimating the value of traits of bulls sold
following performance testing.” 2015. Masters Thesis, Kansas State University. Accessed January 17, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2097/20575.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Stephens, Daren. “Hedonic bull
pricing models: estimating the value of traits of bulls sold
following performance testing.” 2015. Web. 17 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Stephens D. Hedonic bull
pricing models: estimating the value of traits of bulls sold
following performance testing. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Kansas State University; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 17].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/20575.
Council of Science Editors:
Stephens D. Hedonic bull
pricing models: estimating the value of traits of bulls sold
following performance testing. [Masters Thesis]. Kansas State University; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2097/20575
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Open Access Theses and Dissertations
