subject:(Alteration)

1. Salvatore, Mark. Geochemical Signatures of Stable Planetary Surfaces: Oxidative Weathering Processes on Earth and Mars.

Degree: PhD, Geological Sciences, 2013, Brown University

URL: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:320581/

► The climatic history of Mars has been indirectly studied through the remote detection of minerals produced by chemical alteration across its surface. While the martian… (more)

▼ The climatic history of Mars has been indirectly studied through the remote detection of minerals produced by chemical alteration across its surface. While the martian surface has experienced cold, dry, and oxidizing conditions over prolonged geologic timescales, few studies have investigated the role of chemical alteration in this type of environment, largely due to the slow kinetics of alteration and the difficulties in preserving these metastable weathering products in natural settings. In this work, we identify, characterize, and interpret oxidative weathering processes and products in the Ferrar Dolerite of Beacon Valley, Antarctica, where these phases are uniquely preserved due to the hyper-arid and hypo-thermal environmental conditions. The oxidation process results in the predictable migration of cations in response to an oxidizing environment, resulting in diagnostic chemical and spectral signatures in the absence of significant mineralogical variations. The distribution of these alteration phases was then assessed throughout the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica using remote spectroscopic datasets. This study confirms that oxidative weathering products are confined to Beacon Valley as well as our ability to identify these alteration signatures amidst a diversity of complex lithological and spectral signatures. The ability to characterize these metastable alteration products using remote spectroscopic techniques and to relate these signatures to detailed laboratory investigations substantiates our capabilities of performing similar analyses across the martian surface. Visible/near-infrared reflectance and thermal infrared emission datasets exhibit spectral signatures that are uniquely consistent with the widespread presence of oxidative weathering products on Mars. These signatures were previously interpreted as representing hydrated mineral phases, and their widespread distribution across the martian surface would imply pervasive and geologically recent aqueous activity. However, further investigations of regional dust-free terrains do not reveal spectral evidence for hydrated signatures in the near-infrared. As a result, the dominance of oxidative weathering products throughout these basaltic terrains suggests that liquid water has been an inconsequential component of regional chemical alteration across the martian surface since these landscapes were formed approximately three billion years ago. Advisors/Committee Members: Mustard, John (Director), Head III, James (Director), Cooper, Reid (Reader), Saal, Alberto (Reader), Rogers, Deanne (Reader).

Subjects/Keywords: Chemical Alteration

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APA (6^th Edition):

Salvatore, M. (2013). Geochemical Signatures of Stable Planetary Surfaces: Oxidative Weathering Processes on Earth and Mars. (Doctoral Dissertation). Brown University. Retrieved from https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:320581/

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Salvatore, Mark. “Geochemical Signatures of Stable Planetary Surfaces: Oxidative Weathering Processes on Earth and Mars.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, Brown University. Accessed March 04, 2021. https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:320581/.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Salvatore, Mark. “Geochemical Signatures of Stable Planetary Surfaces: Oxidative Weathering Processes on Earth and Mars.” 2013. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Salvatore M. Geochemical Signatures of Stable Planetary Surfaces: Oxidative Weathering Processes on Earth and Mars. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Brown University; 2013. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:320581/.

Council of Science Editors:

Salvatore M. Geochemical Signatures of Stable Planetary Surfaces: Oxidative Weathering Processes on Earth and Mars. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Brown University; 2013. Available from: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:320581/

University of Nairobi

2. Nderitu, Grace W. Influence of hydrothermal alteration in permeability of Olkaria North East and Olkaria domes geothermal reservoirs.

Degree: 2011, University of Nairobi

URL: http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9945

► The geothermal exploration well OW-701 and OW-709 are found in the Olkaria Northeast fields while OW-904 and OW-905A are found in the Olkaria Domes. Rocks… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: hydrothermal alteration

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APA (6^th Edition):

Nderitu, G. W. (2011). Influence of hydrothermal alteration in permeability of Olkaria North East and Olkaria domes geothermal reservoirs. (Thesis). University of Nairobi. Retrieved from http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9945

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Nderitu, Grace W. “Influence of hydrothermal alteration in permeability of Olkaria North East and Olkaria domes geothermal reservoirs. ” 2011. Thesis, University of Nairobi. Accessed March 04, 2021. http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9945.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Nderitu, Grace W. “Influence of hydrothermal alteration in permeability of Olkaria North East and Olkaria domes geothermal reservoirs. ” 2011. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Nderitu GW. Influence of hydrothermal alteration in permeability of Olkaria North East and Olkaria domes geothermal reservoirs. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Nairobi; 2011. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9945.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Nderitu GW. Influence of hydrothermal alteration in permeability of Olkaria North East and Olkaria domes geothermal reservoirs. [Thesis]. University of Nairobi; 2011. Available from: http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9945

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Victoria

3. Banerjee, Neil Raoul. Hydrothermal alteration in a modern suprasubduction zone : the Tongo forearc crust.

Degree: School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, 2018, University of Victoria

URL: https://dspace.library.uvic.ca//handle/1828/9394

► An extensive suite of hydrothermally altered basalts, gabbros, and plagiogranites, was recovered from the trench-facing slope of the Tonga forearc. The tectonic setting, lithology, and… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Hydrothermal alteration; Ophiolites

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APA (6^th Edition):

Banerjee, N. R. (2018). Hydrothermal alteration in a modern suprasubduction zone : the Tongo forearc crust. (Thesis). University of Victoria. Retrieved from https://dspace.library.uvic.ca//handle/1828/9394

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Banerjee, Neil Raoul. “Hydrothermal alteration in a modern suprasubduction zone : the Tongo forearc crust.” 2018. Thesis, University of Victoria. Accessed March 04, 2021. https://dspace.library.uvic.ca//handle/1828/9394.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Banerjee, Neil Raoul. “Hydrothermal alteration in a modern suprasubduction zone : the Tongo forearc crust.” 2018. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Banerjee NR. Hydrothermal alteration in a modern suprasubduction zone : the Tongo forearc crust. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Victoria; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: https://dspace.library.uvic.ca//handle/1828/9394.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Banerjee NR. Hydrothermal alteration in a modern suprasubduction zone : the Tongo forearc crust. [Thesis]. University of Victoria; 2018. Available from: https://dspace.library.uvic.ca//handle/1828/9394

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Victoria University of Wellington

4. Savitri, Kartika Palupi. Geology and Geothermal Setting of Tompaso Geothermal System, Indonesia, with Comparisons of Andesite Alteration Patterns with Wairakei, New Zealand.

Degree: 2016, Victoria University of Wellington

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10063/5159

► Tompaso geothermal system is a typical volcanic arc geothermal system in North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Although situated close to the Tondano caldera, subsurface lithologies and structures… (more)

▼ Tompaso geothermal system is a typical volcanic arc geothermal system in North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Although situated close to the Tondano caldera, subsurface lithologies and structures do not show any evidence for caldera-related features and the system is inferred to be related to the andesitic Soputan volcano. The subsurface geology of Tompaso consists of Tuff B unit, Rhyolite unit, Andesite B unit, Pitchstone unit, Pyroclastic Breccia unit,Andesite A unit, Pumice unit, and Tuff A unit, respectively, from the oldest penetrated unit. The silicic Pitchstone and Rhyolite units are presumed to be sourced from the same magma chamber. Petrological and mineralogical observations using binocular and petrographic microscopy, short-wave infrared (SWIR) analysis, and back-scattered electron (BSE) imaging combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) have been applied to cuttings and limited core material from three boreholes: LHD-26, LHD-27, and LHD-32. Age dating has not been undertaken and, thus, conclusions on correlations between subsurface geology inferred here with surface formation groupings from previous works cannot be drawn. Tompaso geothermal system is characterised primarily by variations in the fracturing within the reservoir. Secondary mineralogy and the structure of present-day temperature of the system suggest that the movement of hydrothermal fluids at Tompaso is controlled by faults: the Soputan, Tempang, and A-A’ faults, the last defined for the first time in this thesis. Soputan Fault controls the outflow of the system. On the other hand, the influence of Tempang and A-A’ faults is dominant only in the upper portion of the system. The A-A’ fault likely acts as a channel for cooler meteoric surface water, while the Tempang Fault is inferred to have experienced self-sealing and appears to be an impermeable structure in the system. The self-sealing process of the Tempang Fault and/or the introduction of meteoric water through the A-A’ fault may be related to the cooling of the northern and western part of the system. The challenges in identifying protoliths in active geothermal areas is addressed here through studies of the influence of andesite textures on the preferences of hydrothermal alteration processes. Wairakei andesites were chosen for comparison to Tompaso andesites, especially because of its different geological setting and geothermal reservoir structure. The results suggest that mineral composition and arrangement affect the preference of hydrothermal alteration on andesites. Advisors/Committee Members: Wilson, Colin.

Subjects/Keywords: Geothermal; Hydrothermal; Alteration

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APA (6^th Edition):

Savitri, K. P. (2016). Geology and Geothermal Setting of Tompaso Geothermal System, Indonesia, with Comparisons of Andesite Alteration Patterns with Wairakei, New Zealand. (Masters Thesis). Victoria University of Wellington. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10063/5159

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Savitri, Kartika Palupi. “Geology and Geothermal Setting of Tompaso Geothermal System, Indonesia, with Comparisons of Andesite Alteration Patterns with Wairakei, New Zealand.” 2016. Masters Thesis, Victoria University of Wellington. Accessed March 04, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10063/5159.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Savitri, Kartika Palupi. “Geology and Geothermal Setting of Tompaso Geothermal System, Indonesia, with Comparisons of Andesite Alteration Patterns with Wairakei, New Zealand.” 2016. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Savitri KP. Geology and Geothermal Setting of Tompaso Geothermal System, Indonesia, with Comparisons of Andesite Alteration Patterns with Wairakei, New Zealand. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Victoria University of Wellington; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10063/5159.

Council of Science Editors:

Savitri KP. Geology and Geothermal Setting of Tompaso Geothermal System, Indonesia, with Comparisons of Andesite Alteration Patterns with Wairakei, New Zealand. [Masters Thesis]. Victoria University of Wellington; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10063/5159

Luleå University of Technology

5. Naalisvaara, Sanna. A Geological, Mineralogical and Geochemical Study of a Quartz-Andalusite-Sericite Alteration Zone in the Vicinity of the Udden Deposit.

Degree: 2016, Luleå University of Technology

URL: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-43410

►

In this project a quartz-andalusite-sericite alteration zone in close vicinity to the Udden massive sulphide deposit in the Skellefte District in northern Sweden was… (more)

▼

In this project a quartz-andalusite-sericite alteration zone in close vicinity to the Udden massive sulphide deposit in the Skellefte District in northern Sweden was studied. The objective was to find any correlation between the geological, mineralogical and geochemical character of the alteration zone and the associated Au-Te-Bi mineralization. The Udden area is situated in the Paleoproterozoic supracrustal rocks of the Skellefte Group in the central part of the Skellefte district. Most of the rocks in the Udden area are interpreted to be volcaniclastic, overlaid by a thick package of basinal sediments. The composition of the volcaniclastic rocks ranges from rhyolitic to mafic. The area has been subjected to several deformation events and regional metamorphism of upper greenschist facies. This, together with local deformation, has created a complex structural environment.A laterally extensive alteration zone is situated about 600 m south of the Udden open pit. It is characterized by strong leaching of most major elements, leaving a residue of mainly SiO2 and Al2O3. The mineral assemblage of the alteration zone mainly consists of quartz, andalusite and sericite with locally occurring biotite, chlorite, topaz, fluorite and minor rutile. Just above the alteration zone occurs a layer of strongly foliated quartz and sericite. The highest concentrations of Au, Te and Bi seem to be spatially related to this layer, although the concentrations of these metals are generally elevated in the whole alteration zone, sometimes together with Hg and Sb. In close vicinity of the Udden area the Kedträsk and Åsen massive sulphide deposits can be found. They are both related to similar types of alteration as occur in the alteration zone in Udden. In other parts of the Skellefte district similar types of alteration are known to occur as well, often related to mineral deposits. For example in the gold-rich Boliden massive sulfide deposit, in Mångfallberget telluride mineralization not far from Boliden, and in Kristineberg massive sulphide deposit.To obtain the aims of this study the rocks have been logged in diamond drill cores and the minerals and their textures have been studied by thin section microscopy. The lithogeochemical analyze data was interpreted by immobile element plots to classify the rock types and mass-balance calculations and studies of the AAAI and ACNK alteration indexes to quantify the alteration intensity. These results have then been compared to similar types of deposits in the world that have been studied more extensively.The mineralogy, lithogeochemistry and overall shape of the alteration zone suggests that the alteration zone in Udden was formed as a steam-heated blanket in an epithermal environment.

Validerat; 20160304 (global_studentproject_submitter)

Subjects/Keywords: Technology; Teknik; Andalusite; steam heated alteration blanket; epithermal; alteration zone; advanced argillic alteration; Skellefte district

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APA (6^th Edition):

Naalisvaara, S. (2016). A Geological, Mineralogical and Geochemical Study of a Quartz-Andalusite-Sericite Alteration Zone in the Vicinity of the Udden Deposit. (Thesis). Luleå University of Technology. Retrieved from http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-43410

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Naalisvaara, Sanna. “A Geological, Mineralogical and Geochemical Study of a Quartz-Andalusite-Sericite Alteration Zone in the Vicinity of the Udden Deposit.” 2016. Thesis, Luleå University of Technology. Accessed March 04, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-43410.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Naalisvaara, Sanna. “A Geological, Mineralogical and Geochemical Study of a Quartz-Andalusite-Sericite Alteration Zone in the Vicinity of the Udden Deposit.” 2016. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Naalisvaara S. A Geological, Mineralogical and Geochemical Study of a Quartz-Andalusite-Sericite Alteration Zone in the Vicinity of the Udden Deposit. [Internet] [Thesis]. Luleå University of Technology; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-43410.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Naalisvaara S. A Geological, Mineralogical and Geochemical Study of a Quartz-Andalusite-Sericite Alteration Zone in the Vicinity of the Udden Deposit. [Thesis]. Luleå University of Technology; 2016. Available from: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-43410

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Alberta

6. Blinova, Alexandra I. Understanding the alteration of the Tagish Lake meteorite through mineralogy, geochemistry and oxygen isotopes.

Degree: PhD, Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, 2013, University of Alberta

URL: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/79407x98f

► Our understanding of the origin and formation of the various components of meteorites, and ultimately understanding the formation of the early Solar System, comes from… (more)

▼ Our understanding of the origin and formation of the various components of meteorites, and ultimately understanding the formation of the early Solar System, comes from our knowledge of the asteroidal alteration processes and modifications that such processes induce on these components. The majority of our knowledge in this area comes from the meteorites that have been subjected to some kind of terrestrial modification which has partly or completely erased any prior history of its components. Meteorites unaffected by terrestrial modification are rare but invaluable. Tagish Lake is one such meteorite; due to its fall history it is considered to be the best candidate for studying the alteration history of the asteroidal parent body. Four samples (TL5b, TL11h, TL11i, and TL11v) from the pristine collection of the Tagish Lake meteorite were studied to characterize and understand its alteration history. Based on petrological and mineralogical observations I conclude that the Tagish Lake parent body was a heterogeneous mixture of anhydrous precursors of nebular origin, which were brecciated and aqueously altered to various degree. The degree to which the studied samples experienced aqueous alteration is in the order TL5b < TL11h < TL11i. Specimen TL11v, which consists of disaggregated material, is heterogeneous on the microscale and encompasses the petrologic characteristics of other three specimens as seen through EPMA observation. The whole-rock geochemistry confirms the inferred alteration sequence observed through mineralogy. There is a positive correlation with aqueously mobile trace elements, such as K, Ba, and Br, which appear to be controlled by an increase of phyllosilicates from least to most altered samples. Yet, the homogeneity of other elements suggests that elemental mass transfer occurred on a localized scale and aqueous alteration was isochemical for these elements. Oxygen isotopic results from my study corroborate the conclusion that the range of variations observed in the Tagish Lake meteorite covers the oxygen isotopic composition seen in all other carbonaceous chondrites. Such variation found in one meteorite suggests that the Tagish Lake parent asteroid sampled the material from different oxygen isotope reservoirs, perhaps 16O-rich and 17O-rich gaseous reservoirs.

Subjects/Keywords: Tagish Lake meteorite; alteration

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APA (6^th Edition):

Blinova, A. I. (2013). Understanding the alteration of the Tagish Lake meteorite through mineralogy, geochemistry and oxygen isotopes. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Alberta. Retrieved from https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/79407x98f

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Blinova, Alexandra I. “Understanding the alteration of the Tagish Lake meteorite through mineralogy, geochemistry and oxygen isotopes.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Alberta. Accessed March 04, 2021. https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/79407x98f.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Blinova, Alexandra I. “Understanding the alteration of the Tagish Lake meteorite through mineralogy, geochemistry and oxygen isotopes.” 2013. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Blinova AI. Understanding the alteration of the Tagish Lake meteorite through mineralogy, geochemistry and oxygen isotopes. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Alberta; 2013. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/79407x98f.

Council of Science Editors:

Blinova AI. Understanding the alteration of the Tagish Lake meteorite through mineralogy, geochemistry and oxygen isotopes. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Alberta; 2013. Available from: https://era.library.ualberta.ca/files/79407x98f

Texas A&M University

7. Santoso, Bestramy D. Modeling of Near-Wellbore Wettability Alteration for Gas Well Liquid Blocking Remediation.

Degree: MS, Petroleum Engineering, 2015, Texas A&M University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/156174

► Gas condensate reservoirs are prone to developing condensate blocking. This occurs because of the nature of condensate gas reservoirs, wherein reservoir gases experience retrograde condensation;… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Wettability Alteration; Condensate Banking

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APA (6^th Edition):

Santoso, B. D. (2015). Modeling of Near-Wellbore Wettability Alteration for Gas Well Liquid Blocking Remediation. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/156174

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Santoso, Bestramy D. “Modeling of Near-Wellbore Wettability Alteration for Gas Well Liquid Blocking Remediation.” 2015. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed March 04, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/156174.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Santoso, Bestramy D. “Modeling of Near-Wellbore Wettability Alteration for Gas Well Liquid Blocking Remediation.” 2015. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Santoso BD. Modeling of Near-Wellbore Wettability Alteration for Gas Well Liquid Blocking Remediation. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/156174.

Council of Science Editors:

Santoso BD. Modeling of Near-Wellbore Wettability Alteration for Gas Well Liquid Blocking Remediation. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/156174

University of Johannesburg

8. Cloete, Louis Michiel. Characterisation of a recently discovered zone of intense hydrothermal alteration, deformation and unusual Au mineralization at Anglogold Ashanti's Kopanang gold mine.

Degree: 2012, University of Johannesburg

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/4327

►

M.Sc.

A prominent zone of deformation, identified as a possible hydrothermal fluid pathway, has recently been discovered by the author in the 64 SW4 21Line… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Hydrothermal alteration; Gold ores geology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Cloete, L. M. (2012). Characterisation of a recently discovered zone of intense hydrothermal alteration, deformation and unusual Au mineralization at Anglogold Ashanti's Kopanang gold mine. (Thesis). University of Johannesburg. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10210/4327

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Cloete, Louis Michiel. “Characterisation of a recently discovered zone of intense hydrothermal alteration, deformation and unusual Au mineralization at Anglogold Ashanti's Kopanang gold mine.” 2012. Thesis, University of Johannesburg. Accessed March 04, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/4327.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Cloete, Louis Michiel. “Characterisation of a recently discovered zone of intense hydrothermal alteration, deformation and unusual Au mineralization at Anglogold Ashanti's Kopanang gold mine.” 2012. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Cloete LM. Characterisation of a recently discovered zone of intense hydrothermal alteration, deformation and unusual Au mineralization at Anglogold Ashanti's Kopanang gold mine. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Johannesburg; 2012. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/4327.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Cloete LM. Characterisation of a recently discovered zone of intense hydrothermal alteration, deformation and unusual Au mineralization at Anglogold Ashanti's Kopanang gold mine. [Thesis]. University of Johannesburg; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/4327

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Adelaide

9. Kontonikas-Charos, Alkiviadis. Feldspar Petrography and Geochemistry: Insights into the Magmatic-Hydrothermal Evolution of IOCG Systems from South Australia.

Degree: 2017, University of Adelaide

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/119372

► The iron-oxide copper-gold (IOCG) class of mineral deposits is characterized by, among other properties, widespread alkali alteration and an enrichment of multiple trace elements, including… (more)

▼ The iron-oxide copper-gold (IOCG) class of mineral deposits is characterized by, among other properties, widespread alkali alteration and an enrichment of multiple trace elements, including REE and U. The ability of feldspar replacement reactions to alter physical and chemical properties of host rocks invokes the idea that the early widespread alkali alteration stage within IOCG genesis may prove critical in the subsequent enrichment of trace elements within such magmatic-hydrothermal systems. Based on detailed petrographic investigations and geochemistry, the link between these two fundamental IOCG properties is tested in one of the largest IOCG metallogenic belts in the world, the Olympic Cu-Au Province. Firstly, the temporal evolution of a deeper-style IOCG system (Moonta-Wallaroo) is tracked from protolith through to early and late mineralization stages using mineral reactions associated with regional alkali alteration (namely, albitization), their relative textures and chondrite-normalised REE+Y (hereafter REY) fractionation patterns. Different stages can be distinguished based on variation in REY-anomalies (e.g., Eu, Y), slope (LREE/HREE) and ΣREY concentration. The results also highlight how feldspar alteration is expressed across various lithologies within a single IOCG terrane, which is largely dependent on the style of fluid/rock interaction. In contrast to Moonta-Wallaroo, mineralization at Olympic Dam is hosted largely within a single lithology; the Roxby Downs Granite. Thus, changes in feldspar textures and geochemistry from magmatic to hydrothermal stages within a single lithology can be tracked based on proximity to mineralization within the Olympic Dam Breccia Complex. From observations and analyses of cryptoperthitic alkali feldspars, patch perthite, plagioclase and albite, it is evident that feldspars preserve the major element exchange (loss of Na -> gain of K and Fe -> Cu-U-Au-Ag mineralization) occurring within the Olympic Dam deposit. Moreover, results also highlight the ability of widespread feldspar replacement reactions (with a coupled dissolution-reprecipitation mechanism) to produce significant microporosity within the host rocks that facilitate subsequent fluid/rock interaction and mineralization. The contribution and distribution of REE elements within the Roxby Downs Granite is also investigated and compared to other IOCG terranes within the Olympic Cu-Au province, as well as pre-Hiltaba Suite lithologies, such as the Donington Suite granite. Chondrite-normalized REY fractionation patterns obtained from magmatic and hydrothermal feldspars, show that feldspars in the Roxby Downs Granite are significantly enriched in lattice-bound REY relative to Donington Suite granite. Moreover, although it appears that hydrothermal albite and K-feldspar inherit REY concentrations from the respective parent phases, variation in ΣREE (~1-100 ppm) at Olympic Dam indicate an increase in mobility of REE from feldspars with proximity to the Olympic Dam Breccia Complex. Nanoscale characterization is also… Advisors/Committee Members: Cook, Nigel (advisor), School of Physical Sciences (school).

Subjects/Keywords: Feldspar; Alteration; IOCG; REE remobilisation

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APA (6^th Edition):

Kontonikas-Charos, A. (2017). Feldspar Petrography and Geochemistry: Insights into the Magmatic-Hydrothermal Evolution of IOCG Systems from South Australia. (Thesis). University of Adelaide. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2440/119372

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kontonikas-Charos, Alkiviadis. “Feldspar Petrography and Geochemistry: Insights into the Magmatic-Hydrothermal Evolution of IOCG Systems from South Australia.” 2017. Thesis, University of Adelaide. Accessed March 04, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/119372.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kontonikas-Charos, Alkiviadis. “Feldspar Petrography and Geochemistry: Insights into the Magmatic-Hydrothermal Evolution of IOCG Systems from South Australia.” 2017. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Kontonikas-Charos A. Feldspar Petrography and Geochemistry: Insights into the Magmatic-Hydrothermal Evolution of IOCG Systems from South Australia. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Adelaide; 2017. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/119372.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Kontonikas-Charos A. Feldspar Petrography and Geochemistry: Insights into the Magmatic-Hydrothermal Evolution of IOCG Systems from South Australia. [Thesis]. University of Adelaide; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/119372

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

10. Harrison, RL. The Tumpangpitu porphyry gold-copper-modlybdenum and high-sulfidation epithermal gold-silver deposit, Tujuh Bukit, Southeast Java, Indonesia.

Degree: 2018, University of Tasmania

URL: https://eprints.utas.edu.au/28602/1/Harrison_whole_thesis.pdf

► The Tumpangpitu porphyry and high- to intermediate-sulfidation epithermal deposit is the largest deposit in the Tujuh Bukit district, southeast Java, Indonesia. The porphyry resource contains… (more)

▼ The Tumpangpitu porphyry and high- to intermediate-sulfidation epithermal deposit is the largest deposit in the Tujuh Bukit district, southeast Java, Indonesia. The porphyry resource contains 1.9 billion tonnes at 0.45 % Cu and 0.45 g/t Au, for 28.1 Moz Au and 19 billion llbs of Cu. There is an additional 1.9 Moz Au and 60.3 Moz Ag in oxidized high-sulfidation epithermal deposits. Tumpangpitu is located along a NW-striking structural corridor covering an area of 12 x 5 km that hosts several Cu-Au-Mo mineralized tonalitic porphyries, each with varying degrees of metal enrichment. At least eight discrete intrusions, span the alteration-mineralization sequence at Tumpangpitu. What is unusual, however, is the presence of both a pre-mineralization, relatively dry volcanic breccia pipe (Tanjung Jahe) and a late-mineralization diatreme complex associated with a large magmatic-hydrothermal system (Tumpangpitu) in the same district. Type sections have been constructed for Tumpangpitu based on crosscutting relationships of intrusions and breccias, supported by radiometric dating. This work has provided the first comprehensive geological model for the deposit. Magmatism, alteration and mineralization at Tumpangpitu occurred in response to north-directed subduction of the Indo-Australian plate beneath the Asian continental plate margin. The Tujuh Bukit district is floored by Early to Late Miocene sedimentary and andesitic volcanic rocks. Volcanichydrothermal activity at Tujuh Bukit began with the formation of the weakly-altered Tanjung Jahe diatreme complex (U-Pb(_zircon) ages of 8.78 ± 0.22 to 8.52 ± 0.21 Ma). Mineralization at Tumpangpitu was preceded by the intrusion of a large, equigranular, dioritic pluton (5.81 ± 0.20 to 5.18 ± 0.27 Ma). Hydrothermal activity associated with mineralization has been constrained by U-Pb age determinations from syn- to latemineralization porphyry intrusions that were emplaced in the Early Pliocene from 5.40 ± 0.46 to 3.94 ± 0.69 Ma. Tumpangpitu is a large, complicated example of telescoped high-sulfidation mineralization and associated advanced argillic alteration (part of a district-scale lithocap) that has overprinted the top of a Cu-Au-Mo porphyry deposit. Mineralization extends from the present-day surface to depths of more than 1,000 m bsl. High-sulfidation mineralization is hosted by five main NW- and N-trending residual quartz ridges known as Zone A, Zone B, Zone B East, Zone C and Zone E, containing Au-Ag oxide ore close to surface with transitional and sulfide Au-Ag-Cu ore at depth. Porphyry mineralization extends from an upper level of 50 m asl to levels of over 1,000 m bsl and the 0.2 % Cu shell extends 1.2 - 1.5 km laterally around the tonalite intrusive complex. Early magnetite (M), A and B veins and veinlets are associated with hypogene bornite, chalcopyrite, chalcocite and covellite. Native gold occurs as refractory inclusions in these early copper sulfide minerals and B veins contain most of the molybdenite at Tumpangpitu. Rare C veins contain highgrade chalcopyrite…

Subjects/Keywords: geology; alteration; mineralization; porphyry Tumpangpitu

10 more images…

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APA (6^th Edition):

Harrison, R. (2018). The Tumpangpitu porphyry gold-copper-modlybdenum and high-sulfidation epithermal gold-silver deposit, Tujuh Bukit, Southeast Java, Indonesia. (Thesis). University of Tasmania. Retrieved from https://eprints.utas.edu.au/28602/1/Harrison_whole_thesis.pdf

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Harrison, RL. “The Tumpangpitu porphyry gold-copper-modlybdenum and high-sulfidation epithermal gold-silver deposit, Tujuh Bukit, Southeast Java, Indonesia.” 2018. Thesis, University of Tasmania. Accessed March 04, 2021. https://eprints.utas.edu.au/28602/1/Harrison_whole_thesis.pdf.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Harrison, RL. “The Tumpangpitu porphyry gold-copper-modlybdenum and high-sulfidation epithermal gold-silver deposit, Tujuh Bukit, Southeast Java, Indonesia.” 2018. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Harrison R. The Tumpangpitu porphyry gold-copper-modlybdenum and high-sulfidation epithermal gold-silver deposit, Tujuh Bukit, Southeast Java, Indonesia. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Tasmania; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: https://eprints.utas.edu.au/28602/1/Harrison_whole_thesis.pdf.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Harrison R. The Tumpangpitu porphyry gold-copper-modlybdenum and high-sulfidation epithermal gold-silver deposit, Tujuh Bukit, Southeast Java, Indonesia. [Thesis]. University of Tasmania; 2018. Available from: https://eprints.utas.edu.au/28602/1/Harrison_whole_thesis.pdf

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Houston

11. Sun, Lei 1989-. Remote Sensing of Hydrocarbon-induced Rock Alterations at Cement Field, Oklahoma.

Degree: MS, Geology, 2014, University of Houston

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10657/1464

► This study uses satellite- and ground-based remote sensing techniques to detect hydrocarbon-induced rock alterations at the Cement oil field, Oklahoma. Hydrocarbon seepage is the escape… (more)

▼ This study uses satellite- and ground-based remote sensing techniques to detect hydrocarbon-induced rock alterations at the Cement oil field, Oklahoma. Hydrocarbon seepage is the escape of oil and gas from petroleum reservoirs and their upward-migration to the surface. These hydrocarbons at the surface can generate rock alterations, including mineralogical changes, bleaching of red beds, and clay mineral alterations. Surficial expressions of such alterations are distinct from adjacent rocks, and could be detected by remote sensing techniques. The Cement field is a giant oil and gas field located in the southeastern Anadarko basin in Oklahoma. The surface structure is a northwest-trending, elongate and asymmetrical anticline. This field has been reported to have heavily altered surficial rocks. Loss of iron and impregnation of sandstone by carbonate cements, and replacement of gypsum by calcite, are the major alteration phenomena in this field. Remote sensing data hold great potential to characterize rocks with great precision and fine detail. This study identified outcrops with surficial rock alterations from Landsat 8 and ASTER multispectral data, as well as Hyperion and Specim hyperspectral imagery. Published geologic maps and geochemical data were combined to show the geologic extent and various degrees of rock alterations. Petrographic analysis showed bleaching and cementation of sandstones, as well as crystallization gradient of gypsum samples. Laboratory spectroscopy was used to assist with image classification. Principal component analysis, minimum noise fraction, spectral angle mapper, and band ratios are used in image processing. Remote sensing data detected bleaching and carbonate cementation. Combining lithological, remote sensing and geochemical data, this study built a model for petroleum seepage and related rock alterations, and provides a workflow for employing remote sensing techniques in resource exploration. Advisors/Committee Members: Khan, Shuhab D. (advisor), Snow, Jonathan E. (committee member), Petrovic, Ana (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Remote sensing; Alteration; Hydrocarbons

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APA (6^th Edition):

Sun, L. 1. (2014). Remote Sensing of Hydrocarbon-induced Rock Alterations at Cement Field, Oklahoma. (Masters Thesis). University of Houston. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10657/1464

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Sun, Lei 1989-. “Remote Sensing of Hydrocarbon-induced Rock Alterations at Cement Field, Oklahoma.” 2014. Masters Thesis, University of Houston. Accessed March 04, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10657/1464.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Sun, Lei 1989-. “Remote Sensing of Hydrocarbon-induced Rock Alterations at Cement Field, Oklahoma.” 2014. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Sun L1. Remote Sensing of Hydrocarbon-induced Rock Alterations at Cement Field, Oklahoma. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Houston; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10657/1464.

Council of Science Editors:

Sun L1. Remote Sensing of Hydrocarbon-induced Rock Alterations at Cement Field, Oklahoma. [Masters Thesis]. University of Houston; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10657/1464

Delft University of Technology

12. Carlier, L.C.F. (author). Characterization of the geological and geo-chemical footprint of the Koolhoven gold deposit, Suriname.

Degree: 2012, Delft University of Technology

URL: http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:9f70672e-3161-40a9-ac86-e9430cf85548

► Characterization of the geological and geo-chemical footprint of the Koolhoven gold deposit, Suriname. IAMGold operates Rosebel N.V. Gold Mines in Suriname, South America. The producing… (more)

▼ Characterization of the geological and geo-chemical footprint of the Koolhoven gold deposit, Suriname. IAMGold operates Rosebel N.V. Gold Mines in Suriname, South America. The producing deposits are characterized to be Archaen greenstone hosted quartz-carbonate vein deposits. Regional exploration projects are located in rainforest environment. Geologists are therefore confronted with difficult access, few outcrops and deep weathering. Efficient exploration is crucial and for this reason a profound understanding of the local geology, gold depositional mechanism and signature is required. There is a hypothesis that a temperature gradient resulting from the flow of hydrothermal fluids through the shear and tension veins will have caused alteration halos to be formed around the gold deposit. Specific element enrichment and depletion are also expected near the gold deposition as a result of changing pressure/temperature regime and fluid characteristics. Recognizing and understanding alteration halos will increase the target area in an exploration campaign. To test this hypothesis 28 boreholes with a maximum downhole depth of 230 meters were sampled across the producing Koolhoven pit on the Rosebel concession. 85 Samples were analysed for trace element and major element content in a laboratory. 904 Samples were analysed using an X-50 Mobile XRF device for element content. 1573 Spectral measurements were obtained using a Hi-Res Terraspec and 40 thin sections were analysed using a conventional polarization microscope and electron microprobe. The petrographic analysis reveals the presence of quartz, carbonate, chlorite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, magnetite, hematite, rutile, clay mineral and feldspar including plagioclase. Bleached veins selvages are associated with high concentrations of carbonate and sericite, pyrite porphyroblasts and are devoid of chlorite. The sulfide mineral content does not exceed 5%. The conglomerate clasts are identified to be of volcanic origin mainly, hereby supporting the major element results. The veins contain quartz, carbonate, chlorite and the accessory minerals white-mica and tourmaline. Due to the low degree of deformation the veins are concluded to be of late timing compared to the main deformation. The use of major element analysis has resulted in the effective differentiation of lithologies present in the Koolhoven pit. Siltstone/mudstone, two types of greywacke (A and B), sandstone, conglomerate and volcanic rock ranging from mafic to felsic have been recognized. Greywacke B and conglomerate are spatially related and their major-element content resembles that of the volcanic rock. The use of log-ratios to analyse the trace element data suggests the presence of correlations between specific element ratios and gold concentrations. The best results were obtained by analysing one borehole a time. Different correlations are suggested in the different boreholes. It therefore remains uncertain to use the presented results for the entire deposit. The visible and near infrared spectral analysis… Advisors/Committee Members: Buxton, M.W.N. (mentor).

Subjects/Keywords: gold; alteration; XRF; Suriname

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Carlier, L. C. F. (. (2012). Characterization of the geological and geo-chemical footprint of the Koolhoven gold deposit, Suriname. (Masters Thesis). Delft University of Technology. Retrieved from http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:9f70672e-3161-40a9-ac86-e9430cf85548

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Carlier, L C F (author). “Characterization of the geological and geo-chemical footprint of the Koolhoven gold deposit, Suriname.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Delft University of Technology. Accessed March 04, 2021. http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:9f70672e-3161-40a9-ac86-e9430cf85548.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Carlier, L C F (author). “Characterization of the geological and geo-chemical footprint of the Koolhoven gold deposit, Suriname.” 2012. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Carlier LCF(. Characterization of the geological and geo-chemical footprint of the Koolhoven gold deposit, Suriname. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Delft University of Technology; 2012. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:9f70672e-3161-40a9-ac86-e9430cf85548.

Council of Science Editors:

Carlier LCF(. Characterization of the geological and geo-chemical footprint of the Koolhoven gold deposit, Suriname. [Masters Thesis]. Delft University of Technology; 2012. Available from: http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:9f70672e-3161-40a9-ac86-e9430cf85548

Montana State University

13. Lynn, Helen Beatrice. Structural controls on subsurface fluid migration through thrust sheets of the Stewart Peak culmination, northern Salt River Range, Wyoming.

Degree: MS, College of Letters & Science, 2012, Montana State University

URL: https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/1768

► The Stewart Peak culmination is a duplex fault zone of the Absaroka thrust sheet, which is part of the Sevier fold-and-thrust belt in western Wyoming.… (more)

▼ The Stewart Peak culmination is a duplex fault zone of the Absaroka thrust sheet, which is part of the Sevier fold-and-thrust belt in western Wyoming. Duplex structures can serve as subsurface oil, gas and carbon dioxide (CO 2) traps. The culmination lies east and up-dip from naturally occurring CO 2 traps in Idaho and west of the Moxa arch in Wyoming, another naturally occurring CO 2 trap and potential target for CO 2 sequestration. The culmination has been uplifted and breached by erosion, exposing traps and reservoir rocks analogous to proximal subsurface structures, thus allowing for outcrop-scale investigation of the elements that comprise a complex trap and an analysis of the relative timing of faulting, fracturing, fluid migration and structurally-controlled diagenesis. The purpose of this study was to characterize structural elements of the Stewart Peak culmination that controlled fluid flow. Field-based analyses of fractures, fault damage zones and breccia pipes were conducted in order to assess how these structures affected fluid flow. Rocks were sampled in order to elucidate the diagenetic characteristics of alteration associated with episodes of fluid migration and document the qualities of reservoir rocks. Faulting has led to extensive fracturing and brecciation of rocks in the culmination. The geometry of faults and fracture sets initially controlled fluid migration pathways. Brecciated fault zones of large-displacement thrusts served as focused fluid conduits. Fracturing also facilitated fluid flow, locally enhancing porosity and permeability. The protracted history of deformation in the culmination helped maintain fluid flow pathways through fractures and fault zones. Fault zones and fractures display complex diagenetic alteration as a result of multiple eposodes of deformation and fluid migration. Sub-vertical fracture swarms and breccia bodies dissect some fault zones and represent discrete vertical fluid pathways through which CO 2-charged hydrothermal fluids were focused. Hydrothermal brines may have enhanced structurally-controlled fluid migration pathways through interrelated processes of effervescence-induced brecciation and dolomitization. Faulting, fracturing, brecciation and diagenetic alteration generally enhanced the quality of reservoir rocks and increased the hydraulic connectivity within the culmination. The enhanced porosity and permeability of the Madison Limestone and Bighorn Dolomite indicate that these reservoirs have good potential for CO 2 sequestration. Advisors/Committee Members: Chairperson, Graduate Committee: David R. Lageson (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Geology, Structural.; Hydrothermal alteration.

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APA (6^th Edition):

Lynn, H. B. (2012). Structural controls on subsurface fluid migration through thrust sheets of the Stewart Peak culmination, northern Salt River Range, Wyoming. (Masters Thesis). Montana State University. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/1768

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Lynn, Helen Beatrice. “Structural controls on subsurface fluid migration through thrust sheets of the Stewart Peak culmination, northern Salt River Range, Wyoming.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Montana State University. Accessed March 04, 2021. https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/1768.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Lynn, Helen Beatrice. “Structural controls on subsurface fluid migration through thrust sheets of the Stewart Peak culmination, northern Salt River Range, Wyoming.” 2012. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Lynn HB. Structural controls on subsurface fluid migration through thrust sheets of the Stewart Peak culmination, northern Salt River Range, Wyoming. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Montana State University; 2012. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/1768.

Council of Science Editors:

Lynn HB. Structural controls on subsurface fluid migration through thrust sheets of the Stewart Peak culmination, northern Salt River Range, Wyoming. [Masters Thesis]. Montana State University; 2012. Available from: https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/1768

University of Canterbury

14. Wyering, Latasha Deborah. The influence of hydrothermal alteration and lithology on rock properties from different geothermal fields with relation to drilling.

Degree: PhD, Geology, 2015, University of Canterbury

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.26021/5825

► Deep drilling is required to reach the geothermal fluids extracted for generation of electricity; therefore, the different rock properties and the hydrothermal alteration of the… (more)

▼ Deep drilling is required to reach the geothermal fluids extracted for generation of electricity; therefore, the different rock properties and the hydrothermal alteration of the lithologies being drilled become an important factor to a conventional geothermal industry. If the correct equipment required to complete drilling is not selected, the rate of penetration (ROP) can be suboptimal, potentially increasing the cost of the project. Mechanical characterisation of hydrothermally altered rocks from geothermal reservoirs will lead to an improved understanding of rock mechanics in a geothermal environment. Core samples obtained from the Ngatamariki, Rotokawa and Kawerau Geothermal Fields covered a wide range of lithologies (ignimbrite, rhyolite lava, sandstone, mudstone, andesite lava/breccia and tonalite) encountered during drilling. A suite of non-destructive and destructive laboratory tests along with petrographical analysis were conducted on the samples. Some key findings are that samples that originated from the shallow and low temperature section of the Kawerau geothermal field had higher porosity (15 – 56%), lower density (1222 – 2114 kg/m3) and slower ultrasonic wave velocities (1925 – 3512 m/s (vp) and 818 – 1980 m/s (vs)), than the samples from a deeper and higher temperature section of the field (1.5 – 20%, 2072 – 2837 kg/m3, 2639 – 4593 m/s (vp) and 1476 – 2752 m/s (vs), respectively). The shallow lithologies had uniaxial compressive strengths (UCS) of 2 – 75 MPa, and the deep lithologies had strengths of 23 – 211 MPa. Typically samples of the same lithologies that originate from multiple wells across a field have variable rock properties because of the different alteration zones from which each sample originates. To obtain a way to relate this rock property data back to the geomechanical model, we developed a method - Alteration Strength Index (ASI) - to address the effect of hydrothermal alteration on mechanical rock properties. The index constitutes three components; the mineralogy parameter, derived from petrological analysis, alteration index (degree of alteration) and an assessment of mineral hardness; the fracture parameter, assigned based on an assessment of structural damage; and the porosity parameter, which accounts for the effect of voids. This method can be used to estimate a range of rock strengths comparable to UCS, and the ASI calibrated against measured UCS for the samples produced a strong correlation (R2 of 0.86). From this correlation an equation was derived to convert ASI to UCS. Because the ASI–UCS relationship is based on an empirical fit, the UCS value that is obtained from conversion of the ASI includes an error of 7 MPa for the 50th percentile and 25 MPa for the 90th percentile with a mean error of 11 MPa. A sensitivity analysis showed that the mineralogy parameter is the dominant characteristic in this equation, and the ASI equation using only mineralogy can be used to provide an estimated UCS range, although the uncertainty becomes greater. This provides the ability to…

Subjects/Keywords: geothermal fields; hydrothermal alteration; rock properties; alteration strength index; drilling optimisation

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APA (6^th Edition):

Wyering, L. D. (2015). The influence of hydrothermal alteration and lithology on rock properties from different geothermal fields with relation to drilling. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Canterbury. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.26021/5825

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Wyering, Latasha Deborah. “The influence of hydrothermal alteration and lithology on rock properties from different geothermal fields with relation to drilling.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Canterbury. Accessed March 04, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26021/5825.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Wyering, Latasha Deborah. “The influence of hydrothermal alteration and lithology on rock properties from different geothermal fields with relation to drilling.” 2015. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Wyering LD. The influence of hydrothermal alteration and lithology on rock properties from different geothermal fields with relation to drilling. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Canterbury; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.26021/5825.

Council of Science Editors:

Wyering LD. The influence of hydrothermal alteration and lithology on rock properties from different geothermal fields with relation to drilling. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Canterbury; 2015. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.26021/5825

RMIT University

15. Burdett, M. The effect of hydrothermal alteration on the mechanical behaviour of rockmass.

Degree: 2016, RMIT University

URL: http://researchbank.rmit.edu.au/view/rmit:161969

► The Xantho case study aims to quantify the influence that hydrothermal alteration type and intensity has on the mechanical behaviour of the Xantho rockmass at… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Fields of Research; Hydrothermal alteration; Mining; Rockmass

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APA (6^th Edition):

Burdett, M. (2016). The effect of hydrothermal alteration on the mechanical behaviour of rockmass. (Thesis). RMIT University. Retrieved from http://researchbank.rmit.edu.au/view/rmit:161969

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Burdett, M. “The effect of hydrothermal alteration on the mechanical behaviour of rockmass.” 2016. Thesis, RMIT University. Accessed March 04, 2021. http://researchbank.rmit.edu.au/view/rmit:161969.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Burdett, M. “The effect of hydrothermal alteration on the mechanical behaviour of rockmass.” 2016. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Burdett M. The effect of hydrothermal alteration on the mechanical behaviour of rockmass. [Internet] [Thesis]. RMIT University; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: http://researchbank.rmit.edu.au/view/rmit:161969.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Burdett M. The effect of hydrothermal alteration on the mechanical behaviour of rockmass. [Thesis]. RMIT University; 2016. Available from: http://researchbank.rmit.edu.au/view/rmit:161969

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

NSYSU

16. Hsu, Ta-Wei. A Study of Alteration of Volcanic Rocks from the Mayahsuehshan, Minleh and Changma Areas, North Qilian Fold Belt.

Degree: Master, Marine Resources, 2000, NSYSU

URL: http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0729100-212353

► The Qilian Fold Belt is a suture belt between the China-Korea craton and Qaidam craton. There are manly Paleozoic volcanic rocks of marine origin occurred… (more)

▼ The Qilian Fold Belt is a suture belt between the China-Korea craton and Qaidam craton. There are manly Paleozoic volcanic rocks of marine origin occurred in the Qilian suture belt. According to the previous studies, these volcanic rocks are mainly spilite and keratophyre. In the present study, we have used methods of petrography and mineral chemistry to study alteration and low-grade metamorphism of Ordovician volcanic rocks in Mayahsuehshan, Minleh and Changma areas. These three areas are located in eastern, middle and western of Northern Qilian Fold Belt, respectively. On the basis of the parageneses of secondary minerals, it is indicated that the metamorphic grade of the Lower Ordovician volcanic rocks is equivalent to greenschist facies, whereas that of the upper part of the Middle Ordovician volcanic rocks is equivalent to prehnite-pumpellyite facies. The lower part of the Middle Ordovician volcanic rocks is a transition zone between prehnite- pumpellyite and greenschist facies. The metamorphic grades are thus lower for the younger volcanic rocks. The metamorphic grades of Minleh and Changma areas are prehnite-pumpellyite and prehnite-actinolite facies, respectively. The mineral parageneses of the volcanic rocks are generally consistent with that of spilite or keratophyre. It was considered earlier that the spilite and keratophyre were formed by direct crystallization from a mixture of magma and seawater. However, metamorphic grades of the volcanic rocks are shown to be equivalent to that of the intercalated metaclastic rocks in the present study. Therefor, it is implied that the spilitic volcanic and metaclastic rocks in the Mayahsuehshan area have formed as a reasult of regional metamorphism. The spilitic and keratophyric volcanic rocks from Minleh and Changma areas, respectively, are also inferred to have formed as a result of regional metamorphism. It is therefore more adequate to name them metabasalts or metandesites. Mineral assembleges and mineral chemistry are different in different parts of the rocks, because of varied effective compositions during metamorphism. According to the chlorite compositions, the chlorite/smectite mixed layering is not prevailing in the volcanic rocks of the three areas. However, interstratification of chlorite and illite appears in groundmass of some volcanic rocks in Minleh area. There are few chromium-spinel in the volcanic rocks of Mayahsuehshan area. The plots of Mg/(Mg+Fe) versus Cr/(Cr+Al) of the chromium-spinel imply that the volcanic rocks in Mayahsuehshan area may have occurred in island arc environments. Advisors/Committee Members: Houng-Yi Yang (chair), Ching-Lang Tsai (chair), Yen-Hong Shau (committee member), Wei-Teh Jiang (chair).

Subjects/Keywords: alteration; Qilian mountain

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APA (6^th Edition):

Hsu, T. (2000). A Study of Alteration of Volcanic Rocks from the Mayahsuehshan, Minleh and Changma Areas, North Qilian Fold Belt. (Thesis). NSYSU. Retrieved from http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0729100-212353

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Hsu, Ta-Wei. “A Study of Alteration of Volcanic Rocks from the Mayahsuehshan, Minleh and Changma Areas, North Qilian Fold Belt.” 2000. Thesis, NSYSU. Accessed March 04, 2021. http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0729100-212353.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Hsu, Ta-Wei. “A Study of Alteration of Volcanic Rocks from the Mayahsuehshan, Minleh and Changma Areas, North Qilian Fold Belt.” 2000. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Hsu T. A Study of Alteration of Volcanic Rocks from the Mayahsuehshan, Minleh and Changma Areas, North Qilian Fold Belt. [Internet] [Thesis]. NSYSU; 2000. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0729100-212353.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Hsu T. A Study of Alteration of Volcanic Rocks from the Mayahsuehshan, Minleh and Changma Areas, North Qilian Fold Belt. [Thesis]. NSYSU; 2000. Available from: http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0729100-212353

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

NSYSU

17. Chuang, Ya-feng. A STUDY OF ALTERATION AND SECONDARY CLAY MINERALS IN THE BASALT FROM NANMAN, KAOSHIUNG.

Degree: Master, Marine Biotechnology and Resources, 2012, NSYSU

URL: http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0911112-161322

► ããIgneous activity of Taiwan in Miocene mainly were concentrated in the area north of Miaoli. Nanman is one of the basalt in southern of Taiwan… (more)

▼ ããIgneous activity of Taiwan in Miocene mainly were concentrated in the area north of Miaoli. Nanman is one of the basalt in southern of Taiwan that had been studied by OM, XRD, SEM/EDS and TEM. The rock type is alkali basalt with phenocryst of augite and olivine. The primary minerals include olivine + augite + plagioclase + Anorthoclase + apatite +titanomagnetite + illmenite, and secondary minerals are chlorite + smectite + calcite Â± gypsum.Alteration of Nanman basalt was take placed in mixture and crack of olivine, other minerals are almost fresh. The main replacement are chloritic minerals shown five occurrence types : (1) replaced mixture, (2) vein center of olivine crack, (3) vien of olivine, (4) fibrous and (5) mica-like clay between vein and residual olivine. Each types has clear grain boundary. Itâs mean they are not gradual. (4) and (5) are smectite with anomaly composititon. It cause by lack of Al resource, and smectite occurred far from the crack that element do not easily move. Thus, smectite replaced olivine often showed Al-poor and excess Mg. Si/(Si+Al) and Fe/(Fe+Mg) in smectite is positive correlation. This may be considered the moving ability of elements. Composition of (1), (2) and (3) are chlorite/smectite. However there is no observed mixed-layer minerals in XRD. According to TEM , they are chlorite + smectite. Chlorite within abundant of dehydrated cracks could be a evidence of smectite. Because of mixed chlorite and smectite, the correlation between Si/(Si+Al) and Fe/(Fe+Mg) is negative. Different occurrences lead to different mineral, suggest water/rock ratio is an important control factor. High rock/water ratio trend to form chlorite, and low rock/water ratio prefer to form smectite. According to all the results, the steps of altered olivine are first forming chlorite at mixture and olivine cracks. Then, the residual olivine becomes smectite with poor Al and excess Mg, when the rock was cooling down. Advisors/Committee Members: Yen-Hong Shau (committee member), Wei-Teh Jiang (chair), Huai-Jen Yang (chair).

Subjects/Keywords: TEM; smectite; chlorite; alteration; olivine; Nanman basalt

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Chuang, Y. (2012). A STUDY OF ALTERATION AND SECONDARY CLAY MINERALS IN THE BASALT FROM NANMAN, KAOSHIUNG. (Thesis). NSYSU. Retrieved from http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0911112-161322

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Chuang, Ya-feng. “A STUDY OF ALTERATION AND SECONDARY CLAY MINERALS IN THE BASALT FROM NANMAN, KAOSHIUNG.” 2012. Thesis, NSYSU. Accessed March 04, 2021. http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0911112-161322.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Chuang, Ya-feng. “A STUDY OF ALTERATION AND SECONDARY CLAY MINERALS IN THE BASALT FROM NANMAN, KAOSHIUNG.” 2012. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Chuang Y. A STUDY OF ALTERATION AND SECONDARY CLAY MINERALS IN THE BASALT FROM NANMAN, KAOSHIUNG. [Internet] [Thesis]. NSYSU; 2012. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0911112-161322.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Chuang Y. A STUDY OF ALTERATION AND SECONDARY CLAY MINERALS IN THE BASALT FROM NANMAN, KAOSHIUNG. [Thesis]. NSYSU; 2012. Available from: http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0911112-161322

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

UCLA

18. Neiman, Madeleine. Cinnabar Alteration in Archaeological Wall Paintings: An Experimental and Theoretical Approach.

Degree: Consrv of Archaeological & Ethno Mtrls, 2014, UCLA

URL: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/8f1260dn

► The red mineral pigment mercuric sulfide (HgS) was commonly employed in Roman wall paintings. Fresco artists of the period favored this pigment for its striking… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Archaeology; Art history; cinnabar; conservation; pigment alteration

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APA (6^th Edition):

Neiman, M. (2014). Cinnabar Alteration in Archaeological Wall Paintings: An Experimental and Theoretical Approach. (Thesis). UCLA. Retrieved from http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/8f1260dn

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Neiman, Madeleine. “Cinnabar Alteration in Archaeological Wall Paintings: An Experimental and Theoretical Approach.” 2014. Thesis, UCLA. Accessed March 04, 2021. http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/8f1260dn.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Neiman, Madeleine. “Cinnabar Alteration in Archaeological Wall Paintings: An Experimental and Theoretical Approach.” 2014. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Neiman M. Cinnabar Alteration in Archaeological Wall Paintings: An Experimental and Theoretical Approach. [Internet] [Thesis]. UCLA; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/8f1260dn.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Neiman M. Cinnabar Alteration in Archaeological Wall Paintings: An Experimental and Theoretical Approach. [Thesis]. UCLA; 2014. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/8f1260dn

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Penn State University

19. Kojadinovich, Gregory Stephen. LABORATORY INVESTIGATION OF OIL-COMPOSITION AFFECTING THE SUCCESS OF LOW-SALINITY WATERFLOODING IN OIL-WET CARBONATE ROCKS.

Degree: 2018, Penn State University

URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/15770gsk5081

► Improved oil recovery via wettability alteration by tuning the ionic composition of the injection water has been thoroughly researched in recent years. It has been… (more)

▼ Improved oil recovery via wettability alteration by tuning the ionic composition of the injection water has been thoroughly researched in recent years. It has been well documented that seawater can increase the water wetness of chalk at high temperature. Forced displacement and spontaneous imbibition experiments have attributed the wettability alteration to interactions between active ions in the brine, Ca2+, Mg2+, and SO42-, the rock surface, and the oil phase. It has been suggested that the adsorption of SO42- onto the rock surface causes the bond between adsorbed carboxylic material in the crude oil and the rock surface to deteriorate which causes the release of the crude oil. Reduction in ionic strength of the injection water has also been proposed to trigger the effect of wettability alteration in carbonates. Although the numerous experiments devoted to understanding the mechanisms governing the low salinity effect in the past two decades, there has been no consensus about the dominant mechanisms driving wettability alteration. The purpose of this research is to improve the understanding of how reduced ionic strength and potentially determining ions (PDIs) contribute to oil recovery, as well as provide a direct comparison of their oil recovery performance for a synthetic oil versus crude oil during waterflooding. For this, a series of waterflood experiments were conducted in the laboratory at 90 ̊C in Indiana limestone core plugs. Chemically tuned brines derived from seawater were used in secondary and tertiary recovery modes to displace synthetic oil. A waterflood with formation brine was also conducted as an experimental baseline to assess the advantages of low-salinity waterflooding over typical secondary recovery methods. Effluent analysis was conducted to evaluate the surface interactions occurring between the brine and rock surface. Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy was performed to compare the chemical make-up of the synthetic and crude oil. Oil recovery curves from this study indicate that there was no benefit after increasing the concentration of PDIs in injection water compared to seawater (SW). However, the use of seawater and all chemically tuned brines derived from seawater resulted in an average 6.47% increase in oil recovery post water breakthrough, relative to the formation brine waterflood. The success of wettability alteration leading to improved oil recovery in carbonates has been noted as a strong function of the oil composition. Advisors/Committee Members: Dr. Zuleima T. Karpyn, Thesis Advisor/Co-Advisor.

Subjects/Keywords: Low Salinity Waterflooding; Wettability Alteration; Carbonate

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Kojadinovich, G. S. (2018). LABORATORY INVESTIGATION OF OIL-COMPOSITION AFFECTING THE SUCCESS OF LOW-SALINITY WATERFLOODING IN OIL-WET CARBONATE ROCKS. (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/15770gsk5081

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kojadinovich, Gregory Stephen. “LABORATORY INVESTIGATION OF OIL-COMPOSITION AFFECTING THE SUCCESS OF LOW-SALINITY WATERFLOODING IN OIL-WET CARBONATE ROCKS.” 2018. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed March 04, 2021. https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/15770gsk5081.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kojadinovich, Gregory Stephen. “LABORATORY INVESTIGATION OF OIL-COMPOSITION AFFECTING THE SUCCESS OF LOW-SALINITY WATERFLOODING IN OIL-WET CARBONATE ROCKS.” 2018. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Kojadinovich GS. LABORATORY INVESTIGATION OF OIL-COMPOSITION AFFECTING THE SUCCESS OF LOW-SALINITY WATERFLOODING IN OIL-WET CARBONATE ROCKS. [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/15770gsk5081.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Kojadinovich GS. LABORATORY INVESTIGATION OF OIL-COMPOSITION AFFECTING THE SUCCESS OF LOW-SALINITY WATERFLOODING IN OIL-WET CARBONATE ROCKS. [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2018. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/15770gsk5081

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Boston University

20. Pendray, Jennifer. The identification of blunt force trauma in thermally altered remains using reconstruction and computed tomography.

Degree: MS, Forensic Anthropology, 2015, Boston University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2144/16171

► Various traumatic events such as automobile accidents, structure fires, or terrorist attacks result in traumatic and thermal injury. Fire is a destructive force that can… (more)

▼ Various traumatic events such as automobile accidents, structure fires, or terrorist attacks result in traumatic and thermal injury. Fire is a destructive force that can alter or destroy evidence, and thermal alterations have negative effects on forensic and anthropological recovery and analysis. Blunt force trauma is particularly difficult to analyze because of the multiple ways in which this trauma appears on a body and the variety of objects that can impact and fracture a bone or the variety of ways a body can impact a blunt surface. As fire is a common way to cover up a crime and blunt force trauma is used as a means to kill or injure an individual, it is necessary to understand the differences between these two types of fractures that can present together on bone. The present study was performed to determine the amount of survivability of traumatic fracture patterns in remains that have been exposed to a burning event. The sample used for this investigation was composed of twenty limbs (forty long bones) from five full-grown, domestic, female sheep (Ovis aries) obtained from a farm in Connecticut. Thirty specimens were traumatized with the head of an Estwing ball peen hammer and ten were left as controls. After specimens were subjected to blunt force trauma, each was radiographed using Computed Tomography. They were then placed in a small structure, 8' x 8', that was constructed to simulate the conditions of a house fire. Each post-burn bone was analyzed based on a number of characteristics. A trauma score of "1" no trauma, "2" ambiguous, and "3" traumatic fractures were given based on these observations. CT scans were examined after bone samples had been analyzed. Again, each specimen's CT scan was given a trauma score ("1" no trauma, "2" ambiguous, and "3" traumatic fractures). Results from the bone analysis on the 30 traumatized and burned specimens revealed that 15 did not have trauma, 2 were ambiguous (i.e., they may have trauma but traumatic characteristics were not distinct), and 13 presented with distinguishable traumatic injury. Comminuted was the most prominent type of fracture, and the next most common fracture was oblique. The majority of traumatic injury was found on the middle portion of the bone. CT examination showed that 12 specimens had suffered traumatic injury. The two analyses were compared and showed an agreement of 83.3% between the trauma scores. Results show that differentiation of traumatic and thermally induced fractures is possible using various fracture characteristics as well as taphonomic indicators to determine the sequence of events.

Subjects/Keywords: Forensic anthropology; Blunt force trauma; Thermal alteration

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Pendray, J. (2015). The identification of blunt force trauma in thermally altered remains using reconstruction and computed tomography. (Masters Thesis). Boston University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2144/16171

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Pendray, Jennifer. “The identification of blunt force trauma in thermally altered remains using reconstruction and computed tomography.” 2015. Masters Thesis, Boston University. Accessed March 04, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2144/16171.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Pendray, Jennifer. “The identification of blunt force trauma in thermally altered remains using reconstruction and computed tomography.” 2015. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Pendray J. The identification of blunt force trauma in thermally altered remains using reconstruction and computed tomography. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Boston University; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2144/16171.

Council of Science Editors:

Pendray J. The identification of blunt force trauma in thermally altered remains using reconstruction and computed tomography. [Masters Thesis]. Boston University; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2144/16171

Wayne State University

21. Stevison, Zachary Grant. Lithogeochemical And Stable Isotope Characteristics Of Bristol And Northern Thorneloe Townships And Its Correlation With Gold Mineralization.

Degree: MS, Geology, 2013, Wayne State University

URL: https://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/oa_theses/246

► The Porcupine Mining Camp located in the southwestend of the Abitibi Greenstone Belt has been mined extensively for its prolific precious and base metal… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Alteration; Exploration; Gold; Hydrothermal; Geochemistry; Geology

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Stevison, Z. G. (2013). Lithogeochemical And Stable Isotope Characteristics Of Bristol And Northern Thorneloe Townships And Its Correlation With Gold Mineralization. (Masters Thesis). Wayne State University. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/oa_theses/246

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Stevison, Zachary Grant. “Lithogeochemical And Stable Isotope Characteristics Of Bristol And Northern Thorneloe Townships And Its Correlation With Gold Mineralization.” 2013. Masters Thesis, Wayne State University. Accessed March 04, 2021. https://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/oa_theses/246.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Stevison, Zachary Grant. “Lithogeochemical And Stable Isotope Characteristics Of Bristol And Northern Thorneloe Townships And Its Correlation With Gold Mineralization.” 2013. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Stevison ZG. Lithogeochemical And Stable Isotope Characteristics Of Bristol And Northern Thorneloe Townships And Its Correlation With Gold Mineralization. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Wayne State University; 2013. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: https://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/oa_theses/246.

Council of Science Editors:

Stevison ZG. Lithogeochemical And Stable Isotope Characteristics Of Bristol And Northern Thorneloe Townships And Its Correlation With Gold Mineralization. [Masters Thesis]. Wayne State University; 2013. Available from: https://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/oa_theses/246

Columbia University

22. de Obeso, Juan Carlos. Tracing alteration of ultramafic rocks in the Samail ophiolite.

Degree: 2019, Columbia University

URL: https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-7npv-3g23

► Alteration of ultramafic rocks is ubiquitous to their occurrence near the surface. Primary mantle minerals like olivine and pyroxenes are unstable at low pressure and… (more)

▼ Alteration of ultramafic rocks is ubiquitous to their occurrence near the surface. Primary mantle minerals like olivine and pyroxenes are unstable at low pressure and temperatures and undergo hydration (serpentinization), carbonation and weathering reactions forming hydrated and carbonated minerals. Employing a variety of analytical techniques including: electron microprobe, X-Ray diffraction, major and trace element geochemistry, Mg isotopes geochemistry and geochemical modelling this work seeks to contrain conditions ofa lteration and trace changes in composition of peridotite during alteration. In Wadi Fins in the southeast of Oman peridotites outcrop at the bottom of a canyon overlaid by a thick sequence 1.5 km of Cretaceous to Eocene shallow oceanic limestones and dolostones. The peridotites exhibit different types of alteration. While the common view is that serpentinization and carbonation of peridotites is isochemical this is not the case for alteration in Wadi Fins. Peridotites tens of meters below the unconformity are characterized by a striking grid of carbonate and serpentine veins. The calcite veins and relatively low MgO/SiO2 suggest that the peridotites reacted with a hydrous fluid derived from interaction of seawater with the overlying sediments composed of limestones with minor amounts of chert. This is further affirmed by average δ13C, δ18O and 87Sr/86Sr from carbonate veins in the peridotites that are similar to values of the sediments. Clumped isotope thermometry on calcite veins in peridotite establish that they formed at 25–60 ℃. Reaction path modeling of carbonate- quartz derived fluids with peridotite reproduces the observed mineral assemblage composed of carbonate and serpentine with similar Mg and MgO/SiO2 at high water to rock ratios, with carbon, H2O and silica added to the rock by the reacting fluid. Close to the unconformity the altered peridotites are characterized by concentric alteration halos recording variable fO2 and fS2. The partially serpentinized cores preserved primary minerals and record extremely low oxygen fugacities (fO2~10^(-75) bars). Two alteration zones are present evident from the alteration color. These zones exhibit nonisochemical alteration characterized by intergrowths of stevensite/lizardite. The alteration zones record progressively higher (fO2) recorded by Ni-rich sulfides and iron oxides/hydroxides. The alteration zones lost 20-30% of their initial magnesium content, together with mobilization of iron over short distances from inner green zones into outer red zones, where iron was reprecipitated in goethite intermixed with silicates due to higher fO2. The loss of magnesium in this peridotites motivated the final section of work. Mg isotopic compositions of partially serpentinized harzburgites and dunites in Oman are identical to average mantle and bulk silicate Earth (δ26Mg=-0.25‰) while altered periodites from Wadi Fins get heavier with increasing alteration. Analyses of peridotite alteration products including samples from Wadi Fins and carbonates from…

Subjects/Keywords: Geochemistry; Ultrabasic rocks; Hydrothermal alteration; Peridotite; Geology

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

de Obeso, J. C. (2019). Tracing alteration of ultramafic rocks in the Samail ophiolite. (Doctoral Dissertation). Columbia University. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-7npv-3g23

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

de Obeso, Juan Carlos. “Tracing alteration of ultramafic rocks in the Samail ophiolite.” 2019. Doctoral Dissertation, Columbia University. Accessed March 04, 2021. https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-7npv-3g23.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

de Obeso, Juan Carlos. “Tracing alteration of ultramafic rocks in the Samail ophiolite.” 2019. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

de Obeso JC. Tracing alteration of ultramafic rocks in the Samail ophiolite. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Columbia University; 2019. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-7npv-3g23.

Council of Science Editors:

de Obeso JC. Tracing alteration of ultramafic rocks in the Samail ophiolite. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Columbia University; 2019. Available from: https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-7npv-3g23

Montana State University

23. Jeffrey, Sarah Rae. Structurally-controlled hydrothermal diagenesis of Mississippian reservoir rocks exposed in the Big Snowy Arch, central Montana.

Degree: MS, College of Letters & Science, 2014, Montana State University

URL: https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/3352

► The subsurface characterization of three-dimensional structural traps is becoming increasingly important with the advent of new technologies for the sequestration of anthropogenic carbon dioxide, which… (more)

▼ The subsurface characterization of three-dimensional structural traps is becoming increasingly important with the advent of new technologies for the sequestration of anthropogenic carbon dioxide, which often takes place within preexisting, sealed reservoirs to permanently store greenhouse gasses that are detrimental to the global climate. Within the Big Snowy Arch, central Montana, reservoir units that are targets for carbon sequestration have experienced Laramide and younger deformation and widespread Eocene igneous activity, which introduced a heating mechanism for hydrothermal fluid flow and created anisotropy in Mississippian strata. One particular region of interest is the western flank of the Big Snowy Mountains, which contains a northeast-southwest striking, high-angle fault zone which has acted as a conduit for hydrothermal brine solutions into the overlying Phanerozoic rocks. Such fault zones often branch and bifurcate as they propagate up-section through the overburden, until a loss of thermally-driven hydrodynamic pressure terminates the upward movement of carbon dioxide-rich brines, leaving a distinct assemblage of collapse breccia rich in hydrothermal minerals, such as saddle dolomite and sulfide precipitates. To determine the degree of structurally-induced anisotropy within the reservoir units, field techniques (detailed structural measurements and lithologic descriptions) coupled with analytical methods (X-ray diffraction spectrometry, stable carbon and oxygen isotope analyses, secondary electron imagery, and petrography) were utilized. These techniques presented concrete evidence of hydrothermal mineralization and episodic fluid flow within the brecciated region of the fault zone. These areas are major avenues of enhanced porosity and permeability in the subsurface, which has important applications at some sites in Montana where carbon sequestration is under consideration (e.g., Kevin Dome). Advisors/Committee Members: Chairperson, Graduate Committee: David R. Lageson (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Carbon sequestration.; Hydrothermal alteration.; Underground reservoirs.

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Jeffrey, S. R. (2014). Structurally-controlled hydrothermal diagenesis of Mississippian reservoir rocks exposed in the Big Snowy Arch, central Montana. (Masters Thesis). Montana State University. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/3352

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Jeffrey, Sarah Rae. “Structurally-controlled hydrothermal diagenesis of Mississippian reservoir rocks exposed in the Big Snowy Arch, central Montana.” 2014. Masters Thesis, Montana State University. Accessed March 04, 2021. https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/3352.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Jeffrey, Sarah Rae. “Structurally-controlled hydrothermal diagenesis of Mississippian reservoir rocks exposed in the Big Snowy Arch, central Montana.” 2014. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Jeffrey SR. Structurally-controlled hydrothermal diagenesis of Mississippian reservoir rocks exposed in the Big Snowy Arch, central Montana. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Montana State University; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/3352.

Council of Science Editors:

Jeffrey SR. Structurally-controlled hydrothermal diagenesis of Mississippian reservoir rocks exposed in the Big Snowy Arch, central Montana. [Masters Thesis]. Montana State University; 2014. Available from: https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/3352

University of New Mexico

24. Johnson, Jessica Marie. Insights into Fluid-Rock Interactions on the CV3 Carbonaceous Chondrite Asteroid: The Complex Record in the Allende-like CV3 Chondrite, NWA 2364.

Degree: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 2018, University of New Mexico

URL: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/eps_etds/254

► The two subgroups of the CV3 chondrites, oxidized and reduced, contain primitive solar system materials that provide many insights into early solar system processes.… (more)

▼ The two subgroups of the CV3 chondrites, oxidized and reduced, contain primitive solar system materials that provide many insights into early solar system processes. Both subgroups record significant evidence of secondary alteration that has modified their primary characteristics. In this work, we have studied the petrography, mineralogy, and oxygen isotopic composition of the NWA 2364 CV3_OxA chondrite and a large lithic inclusion using SEM, electron microprobe, FIB/TEM, and laser fluorination oxygen isotope analyses in order to characterize their alteration histories in detail. The NWA 2364 host and lithic inclusion consist of chondrules, Calcium-Aluminum-rich Inclusions (CAIs), and fine-grained matrix. In the host, primary minerals in the majority of chondrules have been altered by different types of ferroan olivine. Iron-nickel sulfides are nearly absent from matrix and chondrules. In multiple cases, Ca is absent from chondrule interiors and forms secondary Ca-rich pyroxene aggregates within the matrix. Secondary Na-bearing phases such as nepheline and sodalite are absent. The alteration features found in the lithic inclusion are similar in many ways to the host, but the degree of replacement is more extreme with a few notable differences. In the lithic inclusion, primary minerals have been altered to different types of ferroan olivine and, in some cases, chondrules have been completely pseudomorphed by ferroan olivines. Calcium has been leached from chondrules forming secondary Ca-rich pyroxene aggregates around the peripheries of fine-grained chondrule rims. The lithic inclusion is depleted in the fluid mobile elements, Na, K, and S compared to dark inclusions in Allende. Sodium- and K-bearing secondary phases such as nepheline and sodalite are absent from chondrules and matrix, as are sulfides. Many chondrule olivine phenocrysts contain secondary veins consisting of crystallographically-oriented, elongate, ferroan olivines (a few microns in size), similar in texture to those found in CM chondrites and terrestrial olivine that have undergone serpentinization. Along the exterior of the lithic inclusion there is an abundance of Ca-rich pyroxene aggregates forming a rim along the interface of the host and lithic inclusion. Bulk oxygen isotopic values for the host and lithic inclusion are displaced from the CCAM line, near the compositions of Leoville dark inclusions. This work provides strong petrographic and geochemical evidence to indicate that the lithic inclusion and the NWA 2364 host were altered by fluid-rock interaction and experienced thermal metamorphism. Based on our observations, we propose the following history for the NWA 2364 chondrite and lithic inclusion. The lithic inclusion underwent aqueous alteration at low temperatures, converting a significant volume of the primary components (matrix, chondrules, etc.) into phyllosilicates and redistributing fluid-mobile elements. Progressive asteroidal heating leading to thermal metamorphism took place, dehydrating the hydrous phases and… Advisors/Committee Members: Dr. Adrian Brearley, Dr. Charles Shearer, Dr. Karen Ziegler.

Subjects/Keywords: meteorites; chondrites; secondary alteration; dark inclusions; Geology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Johnson, J. M. (2018). Insights into Fluid-Rock Interactions on the CV3 Carbonaceous Chondrite Asteroid: The Complex Record in the Allende-like CV3 Chondrite, NWA 2364. (Masters Thesis). University of New Mexico. Retrieved from https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/eps_etds/254

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Johnson, Jessica Marie. “Insights into Fluid-Rock Interactions on the CV3 Carbonaceous Chondrite Asteroid: The Complex Record in the Allende-like CV3 Chondrite, NWA 2364.” 2018. Masters Thesis, University of New Mexico. Accessed March 04, 2021. https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/eps_etds/254.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Johnson, Jessica Marie. “Insights into Fluid-Rock Interactions on the CV3 Carbonaceous Chondrite Asteroid: The Complex Record in the Allende-like CV3 Chondrite, NWA 2364.” 2018. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Johnson JM. Insights into Fluid-Rock Interactions on the CV3 Carbonaceous Chondrite Asteroid: The Complex Record in the Allende-like CV3 Chondrite, NWA 2364. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of New Mexico; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/eps_etds/254.

Council of Science Editors:

Johnson JM. Insights into Fluid-Rock Interactions on the CV3 Carbonaceous Chondrite Asteroid: The Complex Record in the Allende-like CV3 Chondrite, NWA 2364. [Masters Thesis]. University of New Mexico; 2018. Available from: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/eps_etds/254

25. Runyon, Simone Elizabeth. Deep Hydrothermal Alteration in Porphyry Copper Systems: Insights from the Laramide Arc .

Degree: 2017, University of Arizona

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625856

► Multiple generations of normal faults dismembered, tilted, and exposed thicknesses of up to 15 km of the upper crust in portions of central and southern… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Arizona; hydrothermal alteration; Laramide; porphyry copper

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APA (6^th Edition):

Runyon, S. E. (2017). Deep Hydrothermal Alteration in Porphyry Copper Systems: Insights from the Laramide Arc . (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Arizona. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625856

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Runyon, Simone Elizabeth. “Deep Hydrothermal Alteration in Porphyry Copper Systems: Insights from the Laramide Arc .” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Arizona. Accessed March 04, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625856.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Runyon, Simone Elizabeth. “Deep Hydrothermal Alteration in Porphyry Copper Systems: Insights from the Laramide Arc .” 2017. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Runyon SE. Deep Hydrothermal Alteration in Porphyry Copper Systems: Insights from the Laramide Arc . [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Arizona; 2017. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625856.

Council of Science Editors:

Runyon SE. Deep Hydrothermal Alteration in Porphyry Copper Systems: Insights from the Laramide Arc . [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Arizona; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625856

26. Gibbons, Jack (John) Vincent. Magmatic-Hydrothermal Evolution of the Pampa Escondida Porphyry Copper Deposit Northern, Chile .

Degree: 2018, University of Arizona

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/630177

► The Pampa Escondida porphyry copper deposit (Pampa) of northern Chile records the dynamic relationship between magmatism and hydrothermal activity that occurred between 37.6±0.5 Ma and… (more)

▼ The Pampa Escondida porphyry copper deposit (Pampa) of northern Chile records the dynamic relationship between magmatism and hydrothermal activity that occurred between 37.6±0.5 Ma and 28.4±2.9 Ma Ma in the central portion of the Escondida district, the largest currently operating copper mine in the world. Five distinct magmatic-hydrothermal cycles can be distinguished during the genesis of the 7,378 million metric ton (at 0.47 % copper) ore body. The focus of this study is to describe the magmatic-hydrothermal evolution of Pampa, underscore key evolutionary moments that conflict with simplified genetic models for porphyry copper deposits (PCDs), and propone the development of descriptive models that incorporate multiple absolute and relative timing data sets at individual PCDs. The goals of this study are: 1) to map (through 1:250 scale logging of diamond drill core) and describe all Eocene intrusive phases related to the development of the Pampa Escondida deposit; 2) to record stable mineral assemblages present in observed veins and then classify veins based on their stable assemblages; 3) to constrain the multi-stage formation of the mineralogically complex and early-formed transitional potassic-advanced argillic-sericite alteration associated with green sericite (GREEN SER) veinlets; 4) to propose genetic mechanisms for hydrothermal corundum that occurs in intense hypogene potassic alteration; 5) to improve understanding of the precise nature of gold mineralization and define the diversity of hydrothermal alteration with which it is associated ; 6) to interpret spatial concentration of and cross cutting relationships among vein types to infer their association with the major intrusive phases; 7) to obtain lowtemperature thermochronologic ages to complement U-Pb in zircon ages of previous studies; and 8) to synthesize these data into a genetic framework for the evolution of Pampa. Results from field data indicate that at least sixteen distinct classes of hydrothermal veins can be macroscopically distinguished. Petrographic, mineral chemistry, and fluid inclusion 16 microthermometric data show that multiple classes of hydrothermal veins formed from dynamic, multi-stage processes that spanned at least several magmatic-hydrothermal cycles. GREEN SER veinlets are a prime example of a vein class that formed through such a multi-stage process. The alteration halos of GREEN SER veinlets display several distinct stable silicate assemblages that record equilibrium with both the liquid and vapor phases of high-salinity aqueous fluids of magmatic origin. Synthesizing these data show that hydrothermal alteration related to the five magmatichydrothermal cycles at Pampa is expressed as four potassic-hydrolytic couplets and as a single, terminal volatile-rich pulse of alteration, which produced a series of internally zoned phreatic breccias. The bulk mass of Cu-Fe sulfides was deposited in the potassic and hydrolytic phases of the second and third magmatic-hydrothermal cycles; most of the gold is associated with bornite in four… Advisors/Committee Members: Barton, Mark D (advisor), Seedorff, Eric (advisor), Carrapa, Barbara (committeemember), Quade, Jay (committeemember).

Subjects/Keywords: Chile; Escondidda; Hydrothermal alteration; Porphyry copper deposit

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APA (6^th Edition):

Gibbons, J. (. V. (2018). Magmatic-Hydrothermal Evolution of the Pampa Escondida Porphyry Copper Deposit Northern, Chile . (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Arizona. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10150/630177

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Gibbons, Jack (John) Vincent. “Magmatic-Hydrothermal Evolution of the Pampa Escondida Porphyry Copper Deposit Northern, Chile .” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Arizona. Accessed March 04, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/630177.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Gibbons, Jack (John) Vincent. “Magmatic-Hydrothermal Evolution of the Pampa Escondida Porphyry Copper Deposit Northern, Chile .” 2018. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Gibbons J(V. Magmatic-Hydrothermal Evolution of the Pampa Escondida Porphyry Copper Deposit Northern, Chile . [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Arizona; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/630177.

Council of Science Editors:

Gibbons J(V. Magmatic-Hydrothermal Evolution of the Pampa Escondida Porphyry Copper Deposit Northern, Chile . [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Arizona; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/630177

University of Maryland

27. Henriquez, John-Luke. TRACING RETROGRADE METAMORPHIC FLUIDS IN A SUBDUCTION ZONE USING LI: FRANCISCAN COMPLEX, CALIFORNIA.

Degree: Geology, 2012, University of Maryland

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1903/12828

► Centimeter-scale layers of eclogite and blueschist from Tiburon Peninsula, Franciscan Complex, CA were contrasted with a similarly layered sample from Dos Rios, CA. Eclogites from… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Geology; Geochemistry; fluid alteration; lithium; subduction zones

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APA (6^th Edition):

Henriquez, J. (2012). TRACING RETROGRADE METAMORPHIC FLUIDS IN A SUBDUCTION ZONE USING LI: FRANCISCAN COMPLEX, CALIFORNIA. (Thesis). University of Maryland. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1903/12828

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Henriquez, John-Luke. “TRACING RETROGRADE METAMORPHIC FLUIDS IN A SUBDUCTION ZONE USING LI: FRANCISCAN COMPLEX, CALIFORNIA.” 2012. Thesis, University of Maryland. Accessed March 04, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/12828.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Henriquez, John-Luke. “TRACING RETROGRADE METAMORPHIC FLUIDS IN A SUBDUCTION ZONE USING LI: FRANCISCAN COMPLEX, CALIFORNIA.” 2012. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Henriquez J. TRACING RETROGRADE METAMORPHIC FLUIDS IN A SUBDUCTION ZONE USING LI: FRANCISCAN COMPLEX, CALIFORNIA. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Maryland; 2012. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1903/12828.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Henriquez J. TRACING RETROGRADE METAMORPHIC FLUIDS IN A SUBDUCTION ZONE USING LI: FRANCISCAN COMPLEX, CALIFORNIA. [Thesis]. University of Maryland; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1903/12828

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Texas – Austin

28. -0053-6430. Interactions between chemical alteration, fracture mechanics, and fluid flow in hydrothermal systems.

Degree: PhD, Geological sciences, 2018, University of Texas – Austin

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/68884

► The hydromechanical properties of fault zones reflect evolving feedback between chemical, hydrological, and mechanical processes. These processes are evident in differences in fault zone architecture… (more)

▼ The hydromechanical properties of fault zones reflect evolving feedback between chemical, hydrological, and mechanical processes. These processes are evident in differences in fault zone architecture and the mineralogical, textural, and mechanical properties of the constituent parts. In this study, I quantify each of these attributes and explore feedback pathways evident in the Dixie Valley-Stillwater fault zone, Nevada, USA. I conducted 1) double-torsion load-relaxation tests to measure mode-I fracture toughness (KIC) and subcritical fracture growth index (SCI) in ambient and aqueous conditions, 2) uniaxial testing to measure unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and static elastic parameters, 3) mineralogical and textural characterization of altered and damaged rock, and 4) field observations focused on the role of alteration in fault zone evolution. The first investigation explored the impact of alteration on fracture mechanical properties of exhumed alteration assemblages, including: fumarole-related acid-sulfate alteration and silicification, silicification in an epithermal environment, quartz-kaolinite-carbonate alteration in an intermediate depth system, and calcite-chlorite-hematite alteration. The second investigation examined the impact of physiochemical conditions on fracture growth in silicified rocks. Environments included: ambient air, deionized water, dilute HCl, NaOH, and NaCl solutions, and deionized water at elevated temperature. The third investigation employed field observations to assess the impact of alteration on fault evolution. The results from these complimentary investigations show that fault-proximal weakening or strengthening are strongly influenced by hydrothermal processes. Silicification is associated with increased KIC, SCI, UCS, and brittleness, producing fault cores as strong or stronger than adjacent damage zone material. Calcite-chlorite-hematite assemblages containing abundant unsealed microfractures are approximately six times weaker than silicified rocks. All measures of strength increase when sealing of microfractures surpasses ~85%. SCI in silicified rocks is reduced in aqueous environments, with >60% reduction in alkaline solutions, suggesting that physiochemical conditions in hydrothermal systems may facilitate fracture growth. Field observations support the importance of alteration and precipitation in fault zone development; silicification and precipitation-strengthening contribute to thick fault cores, whereas damage and alteration-weakening promote strain localization. Together, results from these investigations highlight the important and underappreciated role of hydrothermal processes in the development of hydromechanical properties in fault zones. Advisors/Committee Members: Eichhubl, Peter (advisor), Barnes, Jaime D (committee member), Behr, Whitney M (committee member), Davatzes, Nicholas C (committee member), Olson, Jon E (committee member), Stockli, Daniel F (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Fracture; Fracture toughness; Subcritical; Alteration; Hydrothermal

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APA (6^th Edition):

-0053-6430. (2018). Interactions between chemical alteration, fracture mechanics, and fluid flow in hydrothermal systems. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Texas – Austin. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2152/68884

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

-0053-6430. “Interactions between chemical alteration, fracture mechanics, and fluid flow in hydrothermal systems.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Texas – Austin. Accessed March 04, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/68884.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

-0053-6430. “Interactions between chemical alteration, fracture mechanics, and fluid flow in hydrothermal systems.” 2018. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete

Vancouver:

-0053-6430. Interactions between chemical alteration, fracture mechanics, and fluid flow in hydrothermal systems. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Texas – Austin; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/68884.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete

Council of Science Editors:

-0053-6430. Interactions between chemical alteration, fracture mechanics, and fluid flow in hydrothermal systems. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Texas – Austin; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/68884

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete

29. Kathel, Prateek. Experiments and modeling of wettability alteration in low permeability porous media.

Degree: PhD, Petroleum engineering, 2015, University of Texas – Austin

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/33515

► Naturally fractured reservoirs contain a significant amount of global hydrocarbon reserves. In fractured reservoirs, the efficiency of water flood is governed by spontaneous imbibition of… (more)

▼ Naturally fractured reservoirs contain a significant amount of global hydrocarbon reserves. In fractured reservoirs, the efficiency of water flood is governed by spontaneous imbibition of water into oil-containing matrix blocks. When the matrix is oil-wet or mixed-wet, little oil can be recovered by imbibition. Wettability alteration provides a possible solution to enhance oil recovery in oil/mixed-wet fractured formations. Different chemicals such as surfactants, enzymes, selective ions can be used to alter wettability from oil-wet towards more water-wet which can substantially increase the oil recovery. Understanding recovery mechanisms for these processes at different inverse bond numbers (ratio of capillary to buoyancy forces) and developing scaling rules are critical for estimating feasibility at field scale. Surfactants were identified which altered the wettability of a low permeability (0.03 – 0.23 mD) mixed-wet/oil-wet sandstone reservoir. Static imbibition experiments in the surfactant solution resulted in high oil recovery (42-68% OOIP) compared to 15% OOIP in formation brine. High (>240) inverse bond numbers for these experiments indicate recovery mechanism as counter-current imbibition driven by capillary forces. Numerically simulated saturation and velocity profiles on validated datasets were analyzed to study the recovery mechanisms. Velocity profiles indicate counter current flows with velocity vectors pointing outwards. Similar visual observations were made during experiments, which were captured through images. The saturation front moves radially inward with symmetric profiles at the top and bottom. An analysis of scaling laws for the capillary driven flow suggests that imbibition recovery curves do not correlate with traditional scaling groups (Mattax and Kyte, 1962; Ma et al. 1997). The scaling equations analyzed are for strongly water-wet porous media and are insufficient to explain the dynamics of changing wettability from oil-wet to water-wet. The recovery data shows that oil recovery varies linearly with square root of time. It was observed that the rate of recovery was higher for the higher IFT cases in experiments performed on cores with almost same initial oil saturation using the same surfactant, but at different salinities. As a result of varying the salinity, interfacial tension between oil/water is varied. To evaluate the application of wettability altering processes at larger scales experiments were performed on outcrop cores of different dimensions and at dynamic conditions. Surfactant formulation was developed which altered the wettability from oil-wet to water-wet on outcrop rocks Estaillades Limestone and Texas Cream Limestone. Using the surfactant formulation static and dynamic imbibition experiments were performed on cores with different dimensions and boundary conditions. It is observed that dynamic imbibition process recovers oil faster than static imbibition. Imbibition experiments performed on cores with varying height and diameter show that oil recovery decreases with… Advisors/Committee Members: Mohanty, Kishore Kumar (advisor), Pope, Gary A (committee member), DiCarlo, David A (committee member), Daigle, Hugh (committee member), Javadpour, Farzam (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Wettability; Alteration

…8 2.3 Wettability Alteration in Fractured Reservoirs… …Wettability Alteration ....................................................16 2.5 Scaling of… …of Wettability Alteration.......................................22 2.6.1 Dual Porosity… …x29; on a polished calcite plate post wettability alteration by an anionic surfactant (… …Wettability alteration from an oil/mixed-wet system towards a more water-wet system provides a…

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APA (6^th Edition):

Kathel, P. (2015). Experiments and modeling of wettability alteration in low permeability porous media. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Texas – Austin. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2152/33515

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kathel, Prateek. “Experiments and modeling of wettability alteration in low permeability porous media.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Texas – Austin. Accessed March 04, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/33515.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kathel, Prateek. “Experiments and modeling of wettability alteration in low permeability porous media.” 2015. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Kathel P. Experiments and modeling of wettability alteration in low permeability porous media. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Texas – Austin; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/33515.

Council of Science Editors:

Kathel P. Experiments and modeling of wettability alteration in low permeability porous media. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Texas – Austin; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/33515

University of Arizona

30. Coutinho, Paulo. Effects of Hydrothermal Alteration on the Geomechanics of Degradation at the Bagdad Mine, Arizona .

Degree: 2020, University of Arizona

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/648603

► The objective of this study is to characterize how mineralization, hydrothermal alteration, and weathering affect slope stability in porphyry mines using samples from Freeport-McMoRan’s Bagdad… (more)

▼ The objective of this study is to characterize how mineralization, hydrothermal alteration, and weathering affect slope stability in porphyry mines using samples from Freeport-McMoRan’s Bagdad Mine, Arizona. Bagdad, an open-pit mine 240 miles northwest of Tucson, is a copper-molybdenum porphyry system characterized by the presence of chalcopyrite and molybdenite as ore minerals and silver as a by-product. Multiple alteration episodes accompanying mineralization emplaced sulfide, oxide, carbonate, and sheet silicate minerals in the country rock and in the porphyry, potentially affecting their strengths and friction angles and hence the maximum allowable slope angle. To analyze the potential effects, I investigated rock pairs of the same lithological type, but varying extents of hydrothermal alteration (sericitic and argillic) through geotechnical tests, petrography, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), shortwave infrared (SWIR), and imagery analysis. Continuous expansion of open pits within the mining industry due to ore price shift causes companies to excavate through areas that have previously been used for other purposes like mineral processing. Therefore, multiple mines throughout the world happen to have the mutual issue of pregnant leaching solution (PLS) leaking through their pit wall since they may excavate through ancient leach pads. The PLS infiltration and interaction with the rock mass may be a source of degradation since it can affect rocks’ initial fabric, mineralogy, and texture. I also analyzed data and performed experiments on rocks affected by PLS under controlled environments to determine the effect of the PLS on rock strength. Although the results for the hydrothermally altered rocks show a correlation between chlorite-biotite ratio and uniaxial compressive strength (R2 = 0.98), the existing data and models still leave considerable uncertainty about the magnitude and mechanism(s) of rock mass degradation due to alteration, as well as due to pregnant leaching solution (PLS) exposure. Hydrothermal alteration showed unclear but potentially deleterious effects on rock mass stability. On the other hand, no evidence for laboratorial experiment with PLS alteration was identified in the samples. The rock strength data obtained from the geotechnical tests were input into a model to determine the effects of alteration, especially chloritization, on geomechanical degradation. Continuum Finite Element predicted how the excavation stability shifted due to changes in the rock mass associated with its degradation using the Hoek and Brown failure criterion using a generic slope. The results show potentially significant decreases in excavation stability due to rock mass degradation related to hydrothermal. The PLS-induced alteration models indicated potential changes of stability assuming different rock mass ratings (RMR) for Rock Quality Designation (RQD) and joint spacing. However, because of the unclear relationship between alteration and rock strength, the principal conclusion of this work is that more research… Advisors/Committee Members: Kemeny, John (advisor), Barton, Isabel (advisor), Kemeny, John (committeemember), Barton, Isabel (committeemember), Taylor, Keith (committeemember).

Subjects/Keywords: Alteration; Geochemistry; Geology; Geomechanics; Hydrothermal; Petrology

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Coutinho, P. (2020). Effects of Hydrothermal Alteration on the Geomechanics of Degradation at the Bagdad Mine, Arizona . (Masters Thesis). University of Arizona. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10150/648603

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Coutinho, Paulo. “Effects of Hydrothermal Alteration on the Geomechanics of Degradation at the Bagdad Mine, Arizona .” 2020. Masters Thesis, University of Arizona. Accessed March 04, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/648603.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Coutinho, Paulo. “Effects of Hydrothermal Alteration on the Geomechanics of Degradation at the Bagdad Mine, Arizona .” 2020. Web. 04 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Coutinho P. Effects of Hydrothermal Alteration on the Geomechanics of Degradation at the Bagdad Mine, Arizona . [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Arizona; 2020. [cited 2021 Mar 04]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/648603.

Council of Science Editors:

Coutinho P. Effects of Hydrothermal Alteration on the Geomechanics of Degradation at the Bagdad Mine, Arizona . [Masters Thesis]. University of Arizona; 2020. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/648603

Open Access Theses and Dissertations