You searched for subject:(Acid mine drainage).
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University of KwaZulu-Natal
1.
Ahmed, Suhail.
A comparative study between the neutralizing capabilities of fly ash and green liquor dregs with acid mine drainage.
Degree: 2018, University of KwaZulu-Natal
URL: https://researchspace.ukzn.ac.za/handle/10413/16637 
► In South Africa, acid mine drainage (AMD) is a huge problem and arises when sulphide-bearing materials become exposed to oxygen and water. AMD formation is…
(more)
▼ In South Africa,
acid mine drainage (AMD) is a huge problem and arises when sulphide-bearing materials become exposed to oxygen and water. AMD formation is catalysed by mining and mineral extraction activities. The AMD produced seeps into water bodies and this renders the water highly toxic and harmful to humans, animals and vegetation due to its high acidity, high concentration of toxic heavy metals and sulphates. The combustion of coal is the primary method of power generation in South Africa. A by-product of this process is fly ash (FA). Approximately 20Mt of FA is produced in South Africa a year and only 5% of this is used in other applications. Green liquor dregs (GLD) are a by-product waste produced in the pulp and paper industry. They are produced in the Kraft pulping process and primarily comprised of a mixture of sodium and calcium carbonates. Both these waste products pose massive environmental and disposal problems.
GLD and FA are both highly alkaline; hence they can be used as neutralizing agents for the highly acidic AMD. The main aim of this project is to investigate the effectiveness of FA and GLDs in neutralizing AMD from coal mines. The effects of reaction time and neutralizing reagent (FA and GLD) concentration on the neutralization of AMD were studied. A 32 factorial design was employed for this research project. The reaction times used for the neutralization reaction were varied (1, 2 and 3 hours). The reagent concentrations used were also varied (0.4g/L, 1g/L and 2g/L). A total of 18 runs were conducted (9 for each reagent). The AMD was placed in beakers and electrical stirrers were used to ensure constant mixing. The reagent was added and the pH and electrical conductivity were measured after various reaction time intervals.
From using the preliminary 18 runs, an optimum FA and GLD reagent concentration was obtained, and a run was conducted for each reagent, to achieve a theoretical goal pH of 7. The results indicated that the optimum FA and GLD concentrations were 0.728g/L and 0.422g/L, respectively. Hence, GLD would be a better neutralizing reagent as less of it would be required to neutralize AMD, when compared to FA. It was also proven that time plays a very small effect on the neutralization reaction. Overall, the results conclude that GLD would be better than FA for neutralization of AMD. The deposition of heavy metals caused issues and a future research study may be conducted to reduce this problem.
Advisors/Committee Members: Ntunka, Mbuyu Germain. (advisor), Johakimu, Jonas K. (advisor), Sithole, Bishop Bruce. (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Green Liquor.; Acid Drainage.; Mine.
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APA (6th Edition):
Ahmed, S. (2018). A comparative study between the neutralizing capabilities of fly ash and green liquor dregs with acid mine drainage. (Thesis). University of KwaZulu-Natal. Retrieved from https://researchspace.ukzn.ac.za/handle/10413/16637
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Ahmed, Suhail. “A comparative study between the neutralizing capabilities of fly ash and green liquor dregs with acid mine drainage.” 2018. Thesis, University of KwaZulu-Natal. Accessed April 17, 2021.
https://researchspace.ukzn.ac.za/handle/10413/16637.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Ahmed, Suhail. “A comparative study between the neutralizing capabilities of fly ash and green liquor dregs with acid mine drainage.” 2018. Web. 17 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Ahmed S. A comparative study between the neutralizing capabilities of fly ash and green liquor dregs with acid mine drainage. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of KwaZulu-Natal; 2018. [cited 2021 Apr 17].
Available from: https://researchspace.ukzn.ac.za/handle/10413/16637.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Ahmed S. A comparative study between the neutralizing capabilities of fly ash and green liquor dregs with acid mine drainage. [Thesis]. University of KwaZulu-Natal; 2018. Available from: https://researchspace.ukzn.ac.za/handle/10413/16637
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Colorado School of Mines
2.
Williamson, Jacob Lee.
Development and application of field methods for determination of the extent of acid mine drainage contamination and geochemical characteristics of stream sediment recovery.
Degree: PhD, Chemistry and Geochemistry, 2016, Colorado School of Mines
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/170451
► Metal-mining processes can negatively affect surface and ground waters through the generation of acidic mine drainage (AMD). Introduced metals typically are deposited from the water…
(more)
▼ Metal-mining processes can negatively affect surface and ground waters through the generation of acidic
mine drainage (AMD). Introduced metals typically are deposited from the water column onto the stream bed downstream of the AMD input(s). The drivers of metal deposition onto stream sediments are through either the formation of insoluble colloids, adsorption to particles, or complexation with sediment surfaces. Metals can be removed from stream sediments through physical (scouring) or chemical processes (dissolution and desorption). These processes have been examined in published literature but those studies largely used ex-situ analysis techniques because experimental conditions are easier to control in the laboratory. In the studies presented herein, I developed a novel method to examine AMD metal deposition in-situ. The study site was the North Fork of Clear Creek (NFCC), located in Gilpin County in central Colorado, which receives 2 point sources of AMD as it flows through the city of Black Hawk, Colorado. I modified an existing field method to monitor benthic invertebrate populations in-situ, to examine the flux of metals on stream sediment in both deposition and recovery scenarios. Also using my developed methods, I was able to examine the effects of scouring (physical removal), stream flow, and sediment surfaces on metal sediment deposition. I found that significant metal loss can occur on sediments after 8 weeks of reference water exposure, and that biofilm growth on sediment surfaces can accumulate significant concentrations of metals from the water column. A combination of in-situ and ex-situ analysis can allow for greater realism and applicability in the data while not sacrificing rigor, replicates and reproducibility. Examination of the processes of metal deposition and removal from sediment can lead to a better understanding of the fate of AMD-associated metals and better prediction of the time course and extent of post-remediation recovery from AMD contamination.
Advisors/Committee Members: Ranville, James F. (advisor), Higgins, Christopher P. (committee member), Meyer, Joseph S. (committee member), Voelker, Bettina M. (committee member), Richards, Ryan (committee member), Williams, S. Kim R. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: metals; acid mine drainage; sediment
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APA (6th Edition):
Williamson, J. L. (2016). Development and application of field methods for determination of the extent of acid mine drainage contamination and geochemical characteristics of stream sediment recovery. (Doctoral Dissertation). Colorado School of Mines. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11124/170451
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Williamson, Jacob Lee. “Development and application of field methods for determination of the extent of acid mine drainage contamination and geochemical characteristics of stream sediment recovery.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, Colorado School of Mines. Accessed April 17, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/11124/170451.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Williamson, Jacob Lee. “Development and application of field methods for determination of the extent of acid mine drainage contamination and geochemical characteristics of stream sediment recovery.” 2016. Web. 17 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Williamson JL. Development and application of field methods for determination of the extent of acid mine drainage contamination and geochemical characteristics of stream sediment recovery. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Colorado School of Mines; 2016. [cited 2021 Apr 17].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/170451.
Council of Science Editors:
Williamson JL. Development and application of field methods for determination of the extent of acid mine drainage contamination and geochemical characteristics of stream sediment recovery. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Colorado School of Mines; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/170451
Laurentian University
3.
Auld, Ryan Richard.
Re-examining temporal and seasonal microbial acid mine: drainage community variation
.
Degree: 2014, Laurentian University
URL: https://zone.biblio.laurentian.ca/dspace/handle/10219/2153
► Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) is characterized by high metal concentrations and an extremely low pH, primarily generated by the microbial oxidation of iron sulfides from…
(more)
▼ Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) is characterized by high metal concentrations and an extremely low pH, primarily generated by the microbial oxidation of iron sulfides from mine tailings. Research on the microbial AMD community has largely focused on Bacteria, while little information is known about the Archaeal and Eukaryote members or the seasonal patterns within the communities. Here I examined the Bacterial, Archaeal, and eukaryotic AMD seasonal microbial community, using direct sequencing techniques on AMD samples from the Copper Cliff Tailings AMD site in Sudbury, Ontario, Canada. I found large variation in the community profile and species composition between sampling times of both the Bacterial and Eukaryote communities, suggesting a dynamic community, both between and within seasons. Bacterial diversity was highest during the winter, with Acidithiobacillus dominating, while during the summer, Acidiphilium was the dominant genus. The winter Eukaryote community was dominated by classes of algae and fungi, while the majority of summer sequencing could not be classified to the class level. Few reads were obtained for the Archaeal domain, with low and similar biodiversity between seasons. Overall, the AMD community variation and abundance were found to largely correlate with drainage water and seasonal temperature.
Subjects/Keywords: Acid mine drainage;
Mine tailings;
Microbial community
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APA (6th Edition):
Auld, R. R. (2014). Re-examining temporal and seasonal microbial acid mine: drainage community variation
. (Thesis). Laurentian University. Retrieved from https://zone.biblio.laurentian.ca/dspace/handle/10219/2153
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Auld, Ryan Richard. “Re-examining temporal and seasonal microbial acid mine: drainage community variation
.” 2014. Thesis, Laurentian University. Accessed April 17, 2021.
https://zone.biblio.laurentian.ca/dspace/handle/10219/2153.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Auld, Ryan Richard. “Re-examining temporal and seasonal microbial acid mine: drainage community variation
.” 2014. Web. 17 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Auld RR. Re-examining temporal and seasonal microbial acid mine: drainage community variation
. [Internet] [Thesis]. Laurentian University; 2014. [cited 2021 Apr 17].
Available from: https://zone.biblio.laurentian.ca/dspace/handle/10219/2153.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Auld RR. Re-examining temporal and seasonal microbial acid mine: drainage community variation
. [Thesis]. Laurentian University; 2014. Available from: https://zone.biblio.laurentian.ca/dspace/handle/10219/2153
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of Utah
4.
Evans, Paul Scott.
Modeling the effects of evaporation on acid rock drainage in mine rock samples.
Degree: MS;, Chemical Engineering;, 2007, University of Utah
URL: http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/etd2/id/84/rec/781
► Acid rock drainage (ARD) is an environmental concern of great importance to the mining industry. Humidity cell testing is often used to evaluate the acid…
(more)
▼ Acid rock drainage (ARD) is an environmental concern of great importance to the mining industry. Humidity cell testing is often used to evaluate the acid producing potential of rock piles. It was desired to develop a comprehensive model of the processes that occur in humidity cell testing. Specifically, it was desired to develop a model that considered both ARD reactions without neglecting temperature effects due to reaction or evaporation. To this end, a model of the humidity cell was developed using Comsol Multiphysics™. ID isothermal and adiabatic models of evaporation in a humidity cell were developed. Analytic solutions were used to validate these models. A ID nonad iabatic evaporative model was designed to simulate the actual conditions experienced during humidity cell testing. This model was verified using experimental data. A homogeneous 2D nonadiabatic model of evaporation in a humidity cell was developed and also compared to experimental data with good results. Heterogeneity was added to the 2D model in the form of an inclined layer with different permeabilities to investigate the effects of an irregular air-flow pattern on evaporation. The results showed some interesting flow fields and temperature distributions and a few numerical anomalies that needed to be addressed. Finally, a ID humidity cell model was developed which considered four reactions in addition to the leaching and evaporative processes involved in humidity cell testing. Comparison of this model with experimental data was also good. These models will be used to understand the process of mine rock piles weathering, particularly for a selected mining site. The results will be used to develop a more comprehensive field model that will help predict the stability and the geochemical changes that will occur in a rock pile into the future. Better environmental management of these rock piles will occur with this increase in understanding of the mechanisms involved.
Subjects/Keywords: Acid mine drainage; Water-rock interaction
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APA (6th Edition):
Evans, P. S. (2007). Modeling the effects of evaporation on acid rock drainage in mine rock samples. (Masters Thesis). University of Utah. Retrieved from http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/etd2/id/84/rec/781
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Evans, Paul Scott. “Modeling the effects of evaporation on acid rock drainage in mine rock samples.” 2007. Masters Thesis, University of Utah. Accessed April 17, 2021.
http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/etd2/id/84/rec/781.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Evans, Paul Scott. “Modeling the effects of evaporation on acid rock drainage in mine rock samples.” 2007. Web. 17 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Evans PS. Modeling the effects of evaporation on acid rock drainage in mine rock samples. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Utah; 2007. [cited 2021 Apr 17].
Available from: http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/etd2/id/84/rec/781.
Council of Science Editors:
Evans PS. Modeling the effects of evaporation on acid rock drainage in mine rock samples. [Masters Thesis]. University of Utah; 2007. Available from: http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/etd2/id/84/rec/781
Stellenbosch University
5.
Staebe, Karin.
Determination of the bacterial diversity of a natural freshwater wetland impacted by acid mine drainage.
Degree: MSc, Microbiology, 2015, Stellenbosch University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/98122
► ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Freshwater resources in semi-arid countries, such as South Africa, are under constant threat from pollution. One of the major pollutants is acid mine…
(more)
▼ ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Freshwater resources in semi-arid countries, such as South Africa, are under constant threat
from pollution. One of the major pollutants is
acid mine drainage, which not only lowers the
pH of the water, but also increases sulphate and metal concentrations. Primary producers,
such as bacteria and algae, are the first organisms to respond to stressors such as reduced pH
and elevated sulphate and metal concentrations. A natural freshwater wetland, the
Zaalklapspruit wetland in Mpumalanga, impacted by
acid mine drainage and industrial
effluent was studied to determine the change in algal and bacterial populations. Five study
sites were identified including a reference site and four sites displaying various degrees of
degradation. Physical and chemical parameters were measured at each site. Algae were
identified microscopically and chlorophyll-a concentrations were measured. The algal
species present at the five study sites were species previously associated with the conditions
present at the various sites. Gyrosigma rautenbachiae proved to be an ideal bioindicator for
industrial pollution. The diatom species Synedra ulna, Nitzschia spp. and Cymbella spp.
were found at the acidic sites. The filamentous green algae Microspora quadrata and
Klebsormidium acidophilum were abundant at the sites the most impacted by AMD. Metal
tolerant K. rivulare were also identified in this study. The cyanobacteria Oscillatoria tenius
and Glaucospira sp. were associated with enriched conditions.
The bacterial populations were sampled from both the water column and sediment and
subjected to next generation sequencing for identification. The phyla that were highly
represented throughout all the samples were the alpha-, beta- and gamma-Proteobacteria,
Bacteriodetes and unclassified species. The Bacteriodetes phylum was observed at
significantly higher numbers at sites 1, 2, 3 & 5 in the March 2013 water samples and sites 1
& 4 in the March 2013 sediment samples. Firmicutes had significantly higher numbers at
sites 2 (January 2013), 3 (March 2013) & 4 (January 2013) in the water samples. Both water
and sediment samples of sites 2 (March 2013) & 4 (January 2013) had significantly higher
numbers of Actinobacteria. The Chloroflexi phylum had significantly higher numbers in the
site 4 & 5 (January 2013) water samples and site 5 (January 2013) of the sediment samples.
Acidobacteria were only detected in significantly higher numbers in the January 2013
sediment samples of sites 1 & 5. This study was the first to assess the total bacterial diversity
in a natural,
acid mine drainage impacted wetland in South Africa and also the first to
identify sequences from the genus Marinobacterium.
The wetland ecosystem health was also determined using a rapid bioassessment tool and a
proposed bacterial bioindicator. The bioassessment tool scored the reference site as mostly
natural, two sites as severely modified and the last two as modified. The proposed bacterial
bioindicator was simplistic in use and reflected…
Advisors/Committee Members: Cloete, T. E., Oberholster, P. J., Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Science. Dept. of Microbiology..
Subjects/Keywords: Microbiology; Freshwater wetland; Acid mine drainage; UCTD
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APA (6th Edition):
Staebe, K. (2015). Determination of the bacterial diversity of a natural freshwater wetland impacted by acid mine drainage. (Masters Thesis). Stellenbosch University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/98122
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Staebe, Karin. “Determination of the bacterial diversity of a natural freshwater wetland impacted by acid mine drainage.” 2015. Masters Thesis, Stellenbosch University. Accessed April 17, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/98122.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Staebe, Karin. “Determination of the bacterial diversity of a natural freshwater wetland impacted by acid mine drainage.” 2015. Web. 17 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Staebe K. Determination of the bacterial diversity of a natural freshwater wetland impacted by acid mine drainage. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2015. [cited 2021 Apr 17].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/98122.
Council of Science Editors:
Staebe K. Determination of the bacterial diversity of a natural freshwater wetland impacted by acid mine drainage. [Masters Thesis]. Stellenbosch University; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/98122
University of Johannesburg
6.
Diale, Palesa Promise.
The remediation of heavy metal contaminated water in the Wonderfonteinspruit catchment area using algae and natural zeolite.
Degree: 2012, University of Johannesburg
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/4907
► M. Tech.
Gold (Au) mining in South Africa resulted in vast volumes of hazardous waste being generated. Poor management of most of the tailings dams…
(more)
▼ M. Tech.
Gold (Au) mining in South Africa resulted in vast volumes of hazardous waste being generated. Poor management of most of the tailings dams has resulted in the release of acid mine drainage, which caused stream water and soil contamination with their run-offs. The consequence of mine closure has not only been observed in large-scale land degradation, but also in widespread pollution of surface water and groundwater in the Wonderfonteinspruit Catchment Area (WCA). Thus, clean-up methods must be developed in order to remove heavy metals from contaminated water bodies in this area. The efficacy of algae, zeolite and zeolite functionalized with humic acid in reducing the concentration of the heavy metals iron (Fe3+), zinc (Zn2+), manganese (Mn2+) and nickel (Ni2+) to acceptable levels in WCA was investigated in this study. It is also envisaged that the heavy metals to be removed from contaminated water can be useful in various industries. A sampling exercise was undertaken with the aim of identifying the heavy metals that contaminate the water in the catchment, as well as identify the priority heavy metals for laboratory sorption tests. Batch experiments were conducted to study the adsorption behavior of natural zeolite clinoptilolite and algae Desmodesmus sp. with respect to Fe3+, Mn2+, Ni2+, and Zn2+. The data was analysed using the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. Two kinetic models namely, pseudo-first order and pseudo second order were also tested to fit the data. It was found that the concentration of Fe3+, Mn2+, Ni2+ and Zn2+ was 115 mg/L, 121 mg/L, 26.5 mg/L and 6.9 mg/L from the sampled water bodies in the WCA, respectively. The Langmuir isotherm was found to correlate the adsorption of Fe3+, Mn2+, Ni2+, and Zn2+ better, with the adsorption capacity of 11.9 mg/g, 1.2 mg/g, 1.3 mg/g, and 14.7 mg/g, for the functionalized zeolite (FZ), respectively. The algae system gave adsorption capacities of 1.523 mg/g, 144 mg/g and 71.94 mg/g for Fe3+, Mn2+ and Ni2+; respectively. Pseudo second-order equation was found to be the best fit for the adsorption of heavy metals by unfunctionalized zeolite (UFZ) and the algae system. Zeolite functionalization with humic acid increased its uptake ability. The best results for kinetic study was obtained in concentration 120 ppm for Fe3+ and Mn2+, whilst for Ni2+ was at 20 mg/L , which is about the same concentrations found in contaminated water in the WCA (Fe3+ 115 mg/L, Mn2+121 mg/L and Ni2+ 26.5 mg/L).
Subjects/Keywords: Acid mine drainage; Groundwater contamination; Natural zeolite
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APA (6th Edition):
Diale, P. P. (2012). The remediation of heavy metal contaminated water in the Wonderfonteinspruit catchment area using algae and natural zeolite. (Thesis). University of Johannesburg. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10210/4907
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Diale, Palesa Promise. “The remediation of heavy metal contaminated water in the Wonderfonteinspruit catchment area using algae and natural zeolite.” 2012. Thesis, University of Johannesburg. Accessed April 17, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10210/4907.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Diale, Palesa Promise. “The remediation of heavy metal contaminated water in the Wonderfonteinspruit catchment area using algae and natural zeolite.” 2012. Web. 17 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Diale PP. The remediation of heavy metal contaminated water in the Wonderfonteinspruit catchment area using algae and natural zeolite. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Johannesburg; 2012. [cited 2021 Apr 17].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/4907.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Diale PP. The remediation of heavy metal contaminated water in the Wonderfonteinspruit catchment area using algae and natural zeolite. [Thesis]. University of Johannesburg; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/4907
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of Johannesburg
7.
Janse van Rensburg, Renee.
A long-term acid mine drainage water management strategy for South Witbank Colliery, Mpumalanga.
Degree: 2009, University of Johannesburg
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/1993
► M.Sc.
Water is essential to life on our planet (Miller, 1999) because no living organism can survive without it (Kupchella & Hyland, 1993). Thus there…
(more)
▼ M.Sc.
Water is essential to life on our planet (Miller, 1999) because no living organism can survive without it (Kupchella & Hyland, 1993). Thus there is a demand for clean, unpolluted water to be in substantial supply. There is growing awareness worldwide of the environmental legacy of coal mining activities that have been undertaken with little concern for the environment (EMCBC, 2001). Coal mining by its nature consumes, diverts and can seriously pollute water resources (Miller, 1999). Acid mine drainage is a major problem on coalmines throughout the world (Kupchella & Hyland, 1993), and South Witbank Colliery, the main focus of this study, is no exception. Various studies that have been undertaken at South Witbank Colliery have shown that the water decanting from the mine is highly acidic (pH 2 – pH 4), and as such cannot be released into the natural watercourse (streams). Some form of water treatment to nullify or neutralise the acid levels of the mine water is necessary. Currently a temporary liming plant is being utilised to treat the water and to reduce its acidity levels to between pH 5.0 – pH 9.5, however, this plant is seen as a limited treatment option as it does not guarantee that the acidic nature of the water will be sufficiently nullified. This study endeavours to identify and analyse a variety of permanent, long-term water treatment methods relevant to acid mine water mitigation at South Witbank Colliery. Four long-term water treatment methods, namely artificial wetlands, anoxic limestone drains, transfer of water to a water treatment plant, and construction of a permanent liming facility at South Witbank Colliery, were identified and discussed. Artificial wetland technology has not been proven for treatment on such variable pollutant loads as present in the South Witbank Colliery mine water decant. A constraint to this technology also lies in its necessity for large surface area requirements, which is restricted due to site subsidence and sinkhole formation (as a result of shallow mining). This technology is also known to increase water evaporation rates, which may result in additional water removal from an already stressed resource. The anoxic limestone drain water treatment technology is considered unsuitable for the study area, ultimately due to it having more a pre-treatment functionality than a total treatment one. It is also limited due to its ability to address only certain water quality variables. If considered for use in a partnership with other acid mine drainage water treatment technologies, its use might be more viable than when considered as a stand-alone treatment technology. Transferring of the acid mine drainage water decant from South Witbank Colliery to a water treatment plant is a feasible option. The Brugspruit Water Pollution Control Works, operated by the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, is the most likely option. The water treatment would become the responsibility of DWAF, thereby ensuring that the treated water is compliant with specified water quality standards…
Subjects/Keywords: Acid mine drainage; Witbank (South Africa)
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APA (6th Edition):
Janse van Rensburg, R. (2009). A long-term acid mine drainage water management strategy for South Witbank Colliery, Mpumalanga. (Thesis). University of Johannesburg. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10210/1993
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Janse van Rensburg, Renee. “A long-term acid mine drainage water management strategy for South Witbank Colliery, Mpumalanga.” 2009. Thesis, University of Johannesburg. Accessed April 17, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10210/1993.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Janse van Rensburg, Renee. “A long-term acid mine drainage water management strategy for South Witbank Colliery, Mpumalanga.” 2009. Web. 17 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Janse van Rensburg R. A long-term acid mine drainage water management strategy for South Witbank Colliery, Mpumalanga. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Johannesburg; 2009. [cited 2021 Apr 17].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/1993.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Janse van Rensburg R. A long-term acid mine drainage water management strategy for South Witbank Colliery, Mpumalanga. [Thesis]. University of Johannesburg; 2009. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/1993
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of Ottawa
8.
Bryson, Stuart Edwin.
A Geochemical Characterization of Streams Surrounding the Tom and Jason SEDEX Deposits of the MacMillan Pass, Yukon, Canada: Implications for Mineral Exploration and Toxicology
.
Degree: 2017, University of Ottawa
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35781
► This study presents a geochemical characterization of stream waters draining the sedimentary exhalative (SEDEX) Tom and Jason Pb-Zn deposits and surroundings in the MacMillan Pass,…
(more)
▼ This study presents a geochemical characterization of stream waters draining the sedimentary exhalative (SEDEX) Tom and Jason Pb-Zn deposits and surroundings in the MacMillan Pass, Yukon. Streams sampled have wide ranging pH values of 3 to 8.2. Dissolved metal concentrations vary widely with water source and pH. Of note, streams draining the Tom and Jason deposits are acidic and neutral respectively, which greatly affects metal solubility. The Tom Deposit drainage is extremely high in dissolved and fine sediment fraction lead, as well as dissolved zinc. Neutral streams draining the Jason deposit have less dramatic metal concentrations, but do show elevated dissolved zinc and fine sediment fraction lead concentrations. Modelling using the thermodynamic equilibrium program PHREEQC and XRD analysis indicate that ferricrete hardpans underlying acidic drainages are formed where drainage water is saturated with respect to schwertmannite. Ferrihydrite is formed where the rapid mixing of waters increases the pH rapidly. An aluminium oxy-hydroxide, likely gibbsite, precipitates where pH levels exceed 4.5, however it appears to dissolve with decreasing pH. This study looks at dissolved, suspended and fine fraction sediments to provide a more complete view of metal movement under various conditions which may be useful to both exploration and environmental fields.
Subjects/Keywords: Metals;
Streams;
Drainage;
Acid;
Mine;
Yukon
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APA (6th Edition):
Bryson, S. E. (2017). A Geochemical Characterization of Streams Surrounding the Tom and Jason SEDEX Deposits of the MacMillan Pass, Yukon, Canada: Implications for Mineral Exploration and Toxicology
. (Thesis). University of Ottawa. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35781
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Bryson, Stuart Edwin. “A Geochemical Characterization of Streams Surrounding the Tom and Jason SEDEX Deposits of the MacMillan Pass, Yukon, Canada: Implications for Mineral Exploration and Toxicology
.” 2017. Thesis, University of Ottawa. Accessed April 17, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35781.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Bryson, Stuart Edwin. “A Geochemical Characterization of Streams Surrounding the Tom and Jason SEDEX Deposits of the MacMillan Pass, Yukon, Canada: Implications for Mineral Exploration and Toxicology
.” 2017. Web. 17 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Bryson SE. A Geochemical Characterization of Streams Surrounding the Tom and Jason SEDEX Deposits of the MacMillan Pass, Yukon, Canada: Implications for Mineral Exploration and Toxicology
. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Ottawa; 2017. [cited 2021 Apr 17].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35781.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Bryson SE. A Geochemical Characterization of Streams Surrounding the Tom and Jason SEDEX Deposits of the MacMillan Pass, Yukon, Canada: Implications for Mineral Exploration and Toxicology
. [Thesis]. University of Ottawa; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35781
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of Adelaide
9.
Agnew, Mandy K. (Mandy Kay).
The formation of hardpans within tailings as possible inhibitors of acid mine drainage, contaminant release and dusting / Mandy K. Agnew.
Degree: 1998, University of Adelaide
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/19263
► Laboratory tests using a wide range of additives have been undertaken to develop hardpans more akin to naturally occurring duricrusts. Some additives have developed cements…
(more)
▼ Laboratory tests using a wide range of additives have been undertaken to develop hardpans more akin to naturally occurring duricrusts. Some additives have developed cements which have the low permeability and porosity characteristics required, while maintaining a high level of resistance to both chemical and physical breakdown.
Advisors/Committee Members: Dept. of Geology and Geophysics (school).
Subjects/Keywords: Acid mine drainage.
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APA (6th Edition):
Agnew, M. K. (. K. (1998). The formation of hardpans within tailings as possible inhibitors of acid mine drainage, contaminant release and dusting / Mandy K. Agnew. (Thesis). University of Adelaide. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2440/19263
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Agnew, Mandy K (Mandy Kay). “The formation of hardpans within tailings as possible inhibitors of acid mine drainage, contaminant release and dusting / Mandy K. Agnew.” 1998. Thesis, University of Adelaide. Accessed April 17, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2440/19263.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Agnew, Mandy K (Mandy Kay). “The formation of hardpans within tailings as possible inhibitors of acid mine drainage, contaminant release and dusting / Mandy K. Agnew.” 1998. Web. 17 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Agnew MK(K. The formation of hardpans within tailings as possible inhibitors of acid mine drainage, contaminant release and dusting / Mandy K. Agnew. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Adelaide; 1998. [cited 2021 Apr 17].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/19263.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Agnew MK(K. The formation of hardpans within tailings as possible inhibitors of acid mine drainage, contaminant release and dusting / Mandy K. Agnew. [Thesis]. University of Adelaide; 1998. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/19263
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Colorado School of Mines
10.
Johnston, Allison.
Integrated geophysical and geochemical approach to characterizing acid mine drainage in a headwater mountain stream in Colorado, USA, An.
Degree: MS(M.S.), Geology and Geological Engineering, 2016, Colorado School of Mines
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/170261
► This study integrates geochemical sampling, fluid electrical conductivity (σf) logging, electromagnetic induction (EMI), and electrical resistivity imaging (ERI) to investigate the impact of acid mine…
(more)
▼ This study integrates geochemical sampling, fluid electrical conductivity (σf) logging, electromagnetic induction (EMI), and electrical resistivity imaging (ERI) to investigate the impact of
acid mine drainage (AMD) from the Minnesota
Mine, an inactive gold and silver
mine, on Lion Creek, a headwater mountain stream near Empire, Colorado. The study goal is to assist in evaluating remediation options by characterizing seasonal variation in AMD contamination levels and identifying the controls of point and diffuse sources of AMD entering Lion Creek. The pH and log (σf) of the water in Lion Creek inversely correlate, indicating that the low pH characteristic of AMD-impacted water correlates to high σf values that can serve as a target for the geophysical methods. ERI surveys were run along the east bank of Lion Creek along a reach where acidic water seeps out of the steep stream bank and into the creek. These ERI surveys identified two areas where diffuse contamination is likely entering the stream: (1) the subsurface extent of two seepage faces visible on the surface and (2) runoff leaching through a tailings pile on the east bank of Lion Creek. σf in the stream was lowest when the stream level was highest in the early summer and then increased throughout the summer as the stream level decreased, indicating that the concentration of dissolved solids in the stream is largely controlled by dilution due to snowmelt. Total dissolved solids (TDS) were calculated using an empirical relationship between σf and TDS, and TDS load (TDS concentration times stream discharge) was calculated. TDS load is greatest in the early summer and displays a large diel signal. This work will be helpful in informing remediation efforts because the identification of diffuse sources of AMD allows for more targeted remediation options and knowledge of seasonal variation is necessary in predicting the costs and outcome of different remediation scenarios.
Advisors/Committee Members: Singha, Kamini (advisor), Navarre-Sitchler, Alexis K. (committee member), Swidinsky, Andrei (committee member), Runkel, Robert L. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: acid mine drainage; electrical resistivity; site characterization
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APA (6th Edition):
Johnston, A. (2016). Integrated geophysical and geochemical approach to characterizing acid mine drainage in a headwater mountain stream in Colorado, USA, An. (Masters Thesis). Colorado School of Mines. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11124/170261
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Johnston, Allison. “Integrated geophysical and geochemical approach to characterizing acid mine drainage in a headwater mountain stream in Colorado, USA, An.” 2016. Masters Thesis, Colorado School of Mines. Accessed April 17, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/11124/170261.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Johnston, Allison. “Integrated geophysical and geochemical approach to characterizing acid mine drainage in a headwater mountain stream in Colorado, USA, An.” 2016. Web. 17 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Johnston A. Integrated geophysical and geochemical approach to characterizing acid mine drainage in a headwater mountain stream in Colorado, USA, An. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2016. [cited 2021 Apr 17].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/170261.
Council of Science Editors:
Johnston A. Integrated geophysical and geochemical approach to characterizing acid mine drainage in a headwater mountain stream in Colorado, USA, An. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/170261
University of Windsor
11.
Butler, Sara.
Storage Impacts and Biogeochemical Characterization of Acid Mine Drainage Sludge from a Novel Mussel Shell Bioreactor.
Degree: MS, Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, 2019, University of Windsor
URL: https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd/7632
► Acid mine drainage (AMD) remediation commonly produces by products which must be stored or utilized to reduce the risk of further contamination. A mussel shell…
(more)
▼ Acid mine drainage (AMD) remediation commonly produces by products which must be stored or utilized to reduce the risk of further contamination. A mussel shell bioreactor has been implemented at a coal
mine in New Zealand, which is an effective remediation option, even though an accumulated sludge layer decreased efficiency. To understand associated risks related to storage or utilizing the AMD sludge material, a laboratory mesocosm study investigated the physio-chemical and biological influences under two conditions: anoxic storage (burial deep within a waste rock dump) and exposure to oxic environments (use of sludge on the surface of the
mine). Solid phase characterization by SEM (scanning electron microscope) and selective extraction was completed to compare two environmental conditions (oxic and anoxic) under biologically active and abiotic systems (achieved by gamma irradiation). Changes in microbial community structure were monitored using 16s rDNA amplification and next-generation sequencing. The results indicate that microbes in an oxic environment increase the formation of oxyhydroxides and acidic conditions increase metal mobility. In an oxic and circumneutral environment, the AMD sludge may be repurposed to act as an oxygen barrier for
mine tailings or soil amendment. Anoxic conditions would likely promote the biomineralization of sulfide minerals in the AMD sludge by sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) which were abundant in the system. The anoxic conditions reduced the risk of contaminants from oxides but increased the risk of Fe associated with organic material. In summary, fewer risks are associated with anoxic burial but repurposing in an oxic condition may be appropriate under favorable conditions such as a neutral pH.
Advisors/Committee Members: Christopher G Weisener, Daniel D Heath.
Subjects/Keywords: Acid Mine Drainage; Bioreactor; Metals; Microbiology; Reclamation
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APA (6th Edition):
Butler, S. (2019). Storage Impacts and Biogeochemical Characterization of Acid Mine Drainage Sludge from a Novel Mussel Shell Bioreactor. (Masters Thesis). University of Windsor. Retrieved from https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd/7632
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Butler, Sara. “Storage Impacts and Biogeochemical Characterization of Acid Mine Drainage Sludge from a Novel Mussel Shell Bioreactor.” 2019. Masters Thesis, University of Windsor. Accessed April 17, 2021.
https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd/7632.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Butler, Sara. “Storage Impacts and Biogeochemical Characterization of Acid Mine Drainage Sludge from a Novel Mussel Shell Bioreactor.” 2019. Web. 17 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Butler S. Storage Impacts and Biogeochemical Characterization of Acid Mine Drainage Sludge from a Novel Mussel Shell Bioreactor. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Windsor; 2019. [cited 2021 Apr 17].
Available from: https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd/7632.
Council of Science Editors:
Butler S. Storage Impacts and Biogeochemical Characterization of Acid Mine Drainage Sludge from a Novel Mussel Shell Bioreactor. [Masters Thesis]. University of Windsor; 2019. Available from: https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd/7632
Rhodes University
12.
Mambo, Mutsa Prudence.
Towards a sustainable bioprocess for the remediation of acid mine drainage.
Degree: Faculty of Science, Institute for Environmental Biotechnology (EBRU), 2011, Rhodes University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006167
► Acid mine drainage is of growing concern for both developing and developed economies. Thus there is increasing pressure to develop alternative remediation strategies. Biological sulphidogenic…
(more)
▼ Acid mine drainage is of growing concern for both developing and developed economies. Thus there is increasing pressure to develop alternative remediation strategies. Biological sulphidogenic mechanisms have long since been studied but, very few have been implemented on a large scale. Limitations are due to the inability to acquire a suitable, low cost, environmentally friendly, renewable carbon source. The present study investigated the use of an algae biomass generated by the HRAOP of an IAPS as a carbon source for the EBRU 00AB/06 SRB consortium. The algae biomass and consortium were utilized together to remediate simulated AMD. Remediation involved decreasing the sulphate and metal concentrations in solution and decreasing the acidity of a simulated AMD. Experiments were carried out to investigate the capability of the EBRU 00AB/06 SRB consortium for sulphate reduction and sulphide generation. The consortium produced colonies when grown under anaerobic conditions in Petri dishes containing modified lactate SRB medium. The SRB consortium reduced the sulphate concentration of modified Postgates medium B and generated sulphide. Further analysis of the EBRU 00AB/06 SRB consortium revealed that the consortium was minimally impacted at pH 5 and by sulphate and iron at 3 g.L-1 and 0.5 g.L-1 respectively. The EBRU 00AB/06 SRB consortium was exposed to Actinomycin D and Ethidium Bromide to determine whether transcription and translation of proteins was required for sulphate reduction. Results indicated that sulphide generation and sulphate reduction were inducible. Analysis of the algae biomass used in this study revealed the empirical formula C1.0H1.91N0.084S0.003O0.36 indicating a carbon source rich in the nutrients required to sustain microbial development. Light microscopy revealed that algae cell walls and in particular those of Pediastrum were susceptible to acid hydrolysis. Dinitrosalicylic acid, Nile red, Bradford and Ninhydrin assays were used to determine the reducing sugar, lipid, protein and amino acid content respectively, of the mixed algae biomass. Results showed that upon exposure of the biomass to simulated AMD at pH 1 and pH 3, the concentration of reducing sugars and amino acids in solution increased. Whereas levels of lipids remained unchanged while the protein concentration decreased, indicating that, upon exposure of algae biomass to AMD, simulated or otherwise, cells ruptured, proteins were hydrolyzed and polysaccharides were broken down to sugars which are immediately available for SRB utilization. Exposure of biomass to simulated AMD revealed further that the presence of algae biomass increased the pH of simulated AMD (pH 3) to pH 7.67 after 4 d. Likewise, the pH of simulated AMD at 1 increased to 1.77 after 2 d while pH of the neutral control increased to 8.1 after 4 d. A direct comparison between lactate and algae biomass revealed 94 % sulphate removal after 23 d in the presence of algae biomass while 82 % sulphate removal was measured in the presence of lactate. Thus the EBRU 00AB/06 SRB…
Subjects/Keywords: Acid mine drainage; Algae culture; Reduction (Chemistry); Hydrolysis; ASPAM model (Acid mine drainage); Water – Purification
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APA (6th Edition):
Mambo, M. P. (2011). Towards a sustainable bioprocess for the remediation of acid mine drainage. (Thesis). Rhodes University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006167
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Mambo, Mutsa Prudence. “Towards a sustainable bioprocess for the remediation of acid mine drainage.” 2011. Thesis, Rhodes University. Accessed April 17, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006167.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Mambo, Mutsa Prudence. “Towards a sustainable bioprocess for the remediation of acid mine drainage.” 2011. Web. 17 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Mambo MP. Towards a sustainable bioprocess for the remediation of acid mine drainage. [Internet] [Thesis]. Rhodes University; 2011. [cited 2021 Apr 17].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006167.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Mambo MP. Towards a sustainable bioprocess for the remediation of acid mine drainage. [Thesis]. Rhodes University; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006167
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
13.
McNeill, Brayden.
Geochemical and Microbiological Characterization of the Historic Waste Rock Piles at the Detour Lake Gold Mine.
Degree: 2016, University of Waterloo
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10012/10861
► Four of the historic waste rock stockpiles (WRS1-#4) at the Detour Lake mine site were studied to determine the potential for generation of acid rock…
(more)
▼ Four of the historic waste rock stockpiles (WRS1-#4) at the Detour Lake mine site were studied to determine the potential for generation of acid rock drainage (ARD). The stockpiles were constructed during the original mine operations (1983 - 1999) and were covered with 1 - 1.5 m of local overburden in 2000 to provide a reclamation cover. Waste rock was composed primarily of plagioclase, horneblende, quartz and clinochlore, with small amounts of biotite. The principal sulfide minerals identified were pyrite and pyrrhotite, with small amounts of chalcopyrite and covellite. Measurements of sulfur content ranged from 0 - 2.2 wt. %, whereas the carbon content ranged from 0 - 2.5 wt. %. The neutralization potential ratios (NPR) of WRS#1 and WRS#2 ranged from 0 - 61.1 with an average of 1.6 and 0.7 in profile excavation samples. Over 50 % of samples from WRS#1 and WRS#2 were potential acid generating (PAG). WRS#3 and WRS#4 were slightly less sulfidic resulting in average NPR of 43 and 10, respectively. None of the samples from WRS#3 were PAG, and 45 % of WRS#4 samples were PAG.
The hydrology of the piles is typical of waste rock piles, with a large unsaturated zone. The water tables at WRS#3 and WRS#4 are approximately 16 and 22 mBGS, respectively. The waste rock is usually near residual saturation (5 vol. %), but the passage of wetting fronts commonly increased moisture content to near matrix saturation (~25 vol. %). The cover material retains more moisture than the waste rock, and usually 10 - 20 vol. %. Thermal profiles indicate that both stockpiles remain > 0 ˚C throughout the year, except within the cover. Seasonal fluctuations in temperature are dampened and delayed with greater depth in the stockpile, except near the edge of WRS#4 where the cover was damaged suggesting the cover plays a role in regulating the temperature of the stockpiles. Air-permability testing of the cover material and waste rock indicates that the cover material impedes advective gas and heat flow. Waste rock at WRS#3 and WRS#4 had air-permeability coefficients of 10-9 - 10-10 m2, whereas the cover material had air-permeability coefficients of approximately 10-11 m2 indicating that air flow through the cover is primarily by diffusion. This observation is in agreement with pore-gas trends at WRS#3 which show O2 depletion and CO2 enrichment with depth. Pore gas at WRS#4 is at atmospheric concentrations throughout, since the destruction of the cover material has removed the barrier to advective gas flow. The results of pore-gas monitoring indicate that the installation of a simple, unengineered cover made from local material may be a cost-effective tool in the management of sulfide oxidation and potential ARD generation at this site.
Pore-water quality at WRS#3 and WRS#4 is characterized as neutral mine drainage, and compares favourably to other neutral mine drainage sites. The pore-wate throughout WRS#3 and WRS#4 is neutral pH. Concentrations of SO42- between 200 and 1500 mg/L are caused by sulfide oxidation. Circumneutral pH and depletion…
Subjects/Keywords: waste rock; sulfide oxidation; acid rock drainage; acid mine drainage; mine waste; acid rock drainage microbiology
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APA (6th Edition):
McNeill, B. (2016). Geochemical and Microbiological Characterization of the Historic Waste Rock Piles at the Detour Lake Gold Mine. (Thesis). University of Waterloo. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10012/10861
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
McNeill, Brayden. “Geochemical and Microbiological Characterization of the Historic Waste Rock Piles at the Detour Lake Gold Mine.” 2016. Thesis, University of Waterloo. Accessed April 17, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10012/10861.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
McNeill, Brayden. “Geochemical and Microbiological Characterization of the Historic Waste Rock Piles at the Detour Lake Gold Mine.” 2016. Web. 17 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
McNeill B. Geochemical and Microbiological Characterization of the Historic Waste Rock Piles at the Detour Lake Gold Mine. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Waterloo; 2016. [cited 2021 Apr 17].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10012/10861.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
McNeill B. Geochemical and Microbiological Characterization of the Historic Waste Rock Piles at the Detour Lake Gold Mine. [Thesis]. University of Waterloo; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10012/10861
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
14.
Pezzuto, Amanda Lee.
Mineral Scale Buildup on Lined Versus Traditional Polyethylene Pipe Materials Subjected to Mine Influenced Waters.
Degree: MS, Mining Engineering, 2018, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/82237
► Mine influenced waters (MIW) pose a broad range of potential environmental impacts, which often also carry financial and social consequences. MIWs are often high in…
(more)
▼ Mine influenced waters (MIW) pose a broad range of potential environmental impacts, which often also carry financial and social consequences. MIWs are often high in solids content, and can have highly acidic or alkaline pH and high contents of metals or other problematic constituents (e.g., traces of chemicals used in minerals processing or water treatment).
Acid mine drainage (AMD) is a common type of MIW characterized by low pH. Release of untreated MIWs like AMD to surface waters, for example, can lead to problems such as a sedimentation and siltation, undesirable changes in pH and/or precipitation of metals and salts, and addition of particular stressors for various aquatic organisms. As such, these waters are frequently captured and treated on-site in systems requiring extensive piping.
Polyethylene (PE) pipes are popular in mining, including MIW, applications because they are chemically inert, and have relatively low costs, low density, and high flexibility. However, PE material is susceptible to abrasion. To combat this problem and offer a single pipe option for a variety of mining applications, Gerodur MPM Kunststoffverarbeitung GmbH and Co. KG.(Gerodur) has developed a novel liner for PE pipes. The liner is made of a rubber-like material that is resistant to mechanical abrasion by slurries or high-solids waters, but its susceptibility to mineral scale buildup has not been specifically evaluated.
In order to evaluate scale buildup on the lined PE versus traditional PE pipe material, two studies were undertaken and are reported in this thesis. A short-term field study was conducted in the Reiche Zeche underground
mine in Freiberg, Germany – an inactive lead-zinc
mine. Water quality varies considerably between different zones in this
mine, but is characterized by very high dissolved solids, which is typical for AMD. For this study, the pipe materials were exposed to waters in six locations for three weeks; and were then analyzed for weight gain and scale composition. Results showed that there was only a marginal difference in the scale build up when comparing the two piping materials. In a follow-up study in the laboratory, the two pipe materials were exposed over a total of 16 weeks to three idealized AMD water qualities: an untreated AMD made to simulate the most extreme condition observed in the field study, the same AMD following passive treatment (i.e., neutral pH), and the same AMD following active treatment (i.e., slightly basic pH). Exposure was done in pipe-loop apparatuses such that samples could be subjected to different flow and sedimentation conditions (i.e., gentle mixing only on the sides of the water reservoir, gentle mixing and sedimentation on the bottom of the reservoir, and constant flow and possible sedimentation within the pipe-loop tubing itself).
Results of this study indicated that factors such as water chemistry and flow velocity had significant effect on the quantity and chemistry of scale. However, there was very little difference in propensity for scale build up…
Advisors/Committee Members: Sarver, Emily Allyn (committeechair), Luttrell, Gerald H. (committee member), Ripepi, Nino S. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Polyethylene; PE; Acid Mine Drainage; Mine Influenced Waters
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APA (6th Edition):
Pezzuto, A. L. (2018). Mineral Scale Buildup on Lined Versus Traditional Polyethylene Pipe Materials Subjected to Mine Influenced Waters. (Masters Thesis). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/82237
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Pezzuto, Amanda Lee. “Mineral Scale Buildup on Lined Versus Traditional Polyethylene Pipe Materials Subjected to Mine Influenced Waters.” 2018. Masters Thesis, Virginia Tech. Accessed April 17, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/82237.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Pezzuto, Amanda Lee. “Mineral Scale Buildup on Lined Versus Traditional Polyethylene Pipe Materials Subjected to Mine Influenced Waters.” 2018. Web. 17 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Pezzuto AL. Mineral Scale Buildup on Lined Versus Traditional Polyethylene Pipe Materials Subjected to Mine Influenced Waters. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2018. [cited 2021 Apr 17].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/82237.
Council of Science Editors:
Pezzuto AL. Mineral Scale Buildup on Lined Versus Traditional Polyethylene Pipe Materials Subjected to Mine Influenced Waters. [Masters Thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/82237
15.
Gillmor, Anna M.
Attenuation of Acid Mine Drainage Enhanced by Organic Carbon and Limestone Addition: A Process Characterization.
Degree: MS, Geosciences, 2011, University of Massachusetts
URL: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/609
► Surface and groundwaters in contact with mining-exposed pyritic materials have the capacity to generate acid mine drainage (AMD), an acidic, sulfate-rich, metals-laden effluent. The…
(more)
▼ Surface and groundwaters in contact with mining-exposed pyritic materials have the capacity to generate
acid mine drainage (AMD), an acidic, sulfate-rich, metals-laden effluent. The Davis
Mine located in northwestern Massachusetts offers a model site to study the processes of natural attenuation of
acid mine drainage. These include physico-chemical processes such as dilution and sorption, geochemical processes such as aluminosilicate weathering and biological processes such as transformation and cycling of sulfate, iron and acidity by bacterial metabolism. A focus of recent research undertaken at the site has been characterizing the presence and activity of these bacteria with an aim to stimulate their capacity to attenuate the severity of acidic conditions. To further this investigation, a pilot-scale treatment system was installed, composed of a modified permeable reactive barrier containing organic carbon and limestone. Down-gradient groundwater was sampled over a sixteen-month period for concentrations of dissolved metals, major cations and sulfate, along with pH and redox measurements. The results showed a decrease in dissolved metals, a possible increase in calcium and decrease in sulfate, and measurable increase in pH and corresponding decrease in oxidation-reduction potential. Major decreases in dissolved iron and aluminum were observed, a change which is not entirely consistent with metals removal by combination with biogenic sulfide alone. The additional influence of hydrolysis was proposed and the anticipated action of this alternate process found to bear resemblance to the observed changes. Groundwater composition from the experimental period was compared to previous measurements and significant changes described in pH, iron, aluminum, copper and zinc and to a lesser extent in calcium and sulfate. Comparisons were also made with concurrent surface water compositions and findings of analogous studies. Conclusions that can be drawn include: the pH and redox environment into which a treatment system is placed can greatly influence the reactions which take place, side-reactions which occur in reducing and alkalinity-generating amendments may also have an attenuating effect, and variable processes influence groundwater composition in these biogeochemically complex environments.
Advisors/Committee Members: Richard F. Yuretich.
Subjects/Keywords: acid mine drainage; bioremediation; environmental geochemistry; Davis Mine; Environmental Chemistry; Geochemistry
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APA (6th Edition):
Gillmor, A. M. (2011). Attenuation of Acid Mine Drainage Enhanced by Organic Carbon and Limestone Addition: A Process Characterization. (Masters Thesis). University of Massachusetts. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/609
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Gillmor, Anna M. “Attenuation of Acid Mine Drainage Enhanced by Organic Carbon and Limestone Addition: A Process Characterization.” 2011. Masters Thesis, University of Massachusetts. Accessed April 17, 2021.
https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/609.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Gillmor, Anna M. “Attenuation of Acid Mine Drainage Enhanced by Organic Carbon and Limestone Addition: A Process Characterization.” 2011. Web. 17 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Gillmor AM. Attenuation of Acid Mine Drainage Enhanced by Organic Carbon and Limestone Addition: A Process Characterization. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Massachusetts; 2011. [cited 2021 Apr 17].
Available from: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/609.
Council of Science Editors:
Gillmor AM. Attenuation of Acid Mine Drainage Enhanced by Organic Carbon and Limestone Addition: A Process Characterization. [Masters Thesis]. University of Massachusetts; 2011. Available from: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/609
16.
Thomas, Rachel.
Environmental evolution and risk assessment of Perry Canyon AML in Washoe County, Nevada.
Degree: 2017, University of Nevada – Reno
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11714/2049
► The Perry Canyon abandoned mine land hosts acid mine drainage (AMD) that is forming in underground abandoned mine workings. This AMD may be causing high…
(more)
▼ The Perry Canyon abandoned
mine land hosts
acid mine drainage (AMD) that is forming in underground abandoned
mine workings. This AMD may be causing high concentrations of As and Pb in the surface water, soils, and groundwater of Perry Canyon. Samples were collected and analyzed to determine the degree of contamination of the natural resources. Due to elevated concentrations and potential for negative health impacts, As and Pb were identified as contaminants of concern. A MODFLOW model was developed using the hydraulic gradient and monitored meteorological conditions to identify transport pathways for potential contamination sourced from adit effluent and waste rock piles. Samples of groundwater collected downstream of the adit seeps were compared to groundwater samples from locations upstream to determine the effects of AMD inflows on groundwater quality. As and Pb contamination in the groundwater seems to remain proximate to the adits with limited increases in downstream concentration. During periods of intense precipitation, it is likely that contamination from discharging adit effluent flows towards Perry Creek and is carried by increased surface flows towards the alluvial fan. Erosion of soils from the waste rock would also transport contamination towards the mouth of the canyon. Contamination mobilized from infiltration into waste rock would likely flow to the aquifer and remain proximate to the source. Transport of contamination can be reduced by controlling erosion of contaminated soils and transport of adit effluent during large precipitation events. Minimizing infiltration into waste rock piles will reduce AMD formation in the waste rock and prevent contamination from infiltrating to the aquifer.
Advisors/Committee Members: Breitmeyer, Ronald J. (advisor), Hiibel, Sage (committee member), Miller, Glenn (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: abandoned mine land; acid mine drainage; mining; risk assessment
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APA (6th Edition):
Thomas, R. (2017). Environmental evolution and risk assessment of Perry Canyon AML in Washoe County, Nevada. (Thesis). University of Nevada – Reno. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11714/2049
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Thomas, Rachel. “Environmental evolution and risk assessment of Perry Canyon AML in Washoe County, Nevada.” 2017. Thesis, University of Nevada – Reno. Accessed April 17, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/11714/2049.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Thomas, Rachel. “Environmental evolution and risk assessment of Perry Canyon AML in Washoe County, Nevada.” 2017. Web. 17 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Thomas R. Environmental evolution and risk assessment of Perry Canyon AML in Washoe County, Nevada. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Nevada – Reno; 2017. [cited 2021 Apr 17].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11714/2049.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Thomas R. Environmental evolution and risk assessment of Perry Canyon AML in Washoe County, Nevada. [Thesis]. University of Nevada – Reno; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11714/2049
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of Canterbury
17.
Uster, Benjamin.
The use of waste mussel shell in sulfate-reducing bioreactors treating mine-influenced waters.
Degree: PhD, Civil Engineering, 2015, University of Canterbury
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.26021/1331
► Mining-Influenced Water (MIW) poses major environmental issues in New Zealand and worldwide due to a legacy of unmitigated mining activities. As conventional MIW treatment technologies…
(more)
▼ Mining-Influenced Water (MIW) poses major environmental issues in New Zealand and worldwide due to a legacy of unmitigated mining activities. As conventional MIW treatment technologies can be very costly in terms of chemical and energy inputs, cheaper and environmentally-friendly alternative remediation strategies have been developed. These so-called passive treatment technologies include a range of engineered systems relying on biogeochemical processes able to mitigate the acidity and to immobilize the metals in MIW.
The present research, built on previous work conducted at the University of Canterbury, investigated the use of waste materials in mesocosm lab-scale sulfate-reducing bioreactors (SRBR) to treat actual mining-influenced water (MIW) sourced at an active coal mine in New Zealand. Specifically, this study investigated using waste mussel shells as an alkaline amendment (instead of the more conventional material limestone), with organic waste materials such as wood byproducts and compost in complex substrate mixtures in upward-flow SRBR. The influence of hydraulic retention times of approximately 3 and 10 days (HRT; i.e. the contact time between the MIW and the substrate mixtures in the SRBR) on the treatment performances was also evaluated.
Overall, each system successfully treated the MIW (e.g. increased the pH > 6 and removed >78 % of the metals, except Mn) during the first 5-month treatment period, while during the second 5-month period, the treatment systems containing limestone and/or operating at a short HRT started to show signs of decreased efficiency. Generally, the system containing mussel shell and operating at a long HRT was constantly the most efficient system. Over the whole 41-week period of treatment, key metal removal efficiencies ranged between 97.6 and 99.7 % (Al), 83.9 and 95.2 % (Fe), and 9.2 and 38.8 % (Mn). Sulfate removal, in terms of moles of sulfate removed per cubic meter of substrate per day, was on average below the design values of 0.3 mol/m3/d, and ranged between 0.03 and 0.55 mol/m3/d (median values were 0.26 to 0.3 mol/m3/d during the first 5-month period but dropped to 0.094 to 0.1 mol/m3/d during the second 5-month treatment period).
The SRBR containing mussel shell instead of limestone resulted in significantly higher alkalinity generation (between 32 to 85 % higher) and higher metal removals (between 0.6 % higher for Al and 14 % higher for Ni). These results were mainly attributed to the unique mineralogy of the mussel shell which comprises of aragonite with traces of calcite, while limestone comprises of pure calcite with traces of quartz. The statistical analyses showed that the sulfate reduction was not significantly affected by the alkalinity source.
Similarly, systems operating at a longer HRT (10 days instead of 3 days) showed better treatment performances than systems operating at a short HRT in terms of alkalinity generation (44 to 62% higher), metal removal (between 0.5 % higher for Al to 15 % higher for Ni, and between 17 to 23 % higher for Mn),…
Subjects/Keywords: mine water; acid mine drainage; mussel shell; bioreactor
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APA (6th Edition):
Uster, B. (2015). The use of waste mussel shell in sulfate-reducing bioreactors treating mine-influenced waters. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Canterbury. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.26021/1331
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Uster, Benjamin. “The use of waste mussel shell in sulfate-reducing bioreactors treating mine-influenced waters.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Canterbury. Accessed April 17, 2021.
http://dx.doi.org/10.26021/1331.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Uster, Benjamin. “The use of waste mussel shell in sulfate-reducing bioreactors treating mine-influenced waters.” 2015. Web. 17 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Uster B. The use of waste mussel shell in sulfate-reducing bioreactors treating mine-influenced waters. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Canterbury; 2015. [cited 2021 Apr 17].
Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.26021/1331.
Council of Science Editors:
Uster B. The use of waste mussel shell in sulfate-reducing bioreactors treating mine-influenced waters. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Canterbury; 2015. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.26021/1331
Penn State University
18.
Kaley, Bradley Richard.
Low-pH Fe(II) Oxidation Using a Bioreactor for the Treatment of Acid Mine Drainage.
Degree: 2013, Penn State University
URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/19837
► This thesis examines the ability of a bioreactor to oxidize ferrous iron (Fe(II)) in acid mine drainage (AMD). An abandoned coal and clay mine near…
(more)
▼ This thesis examines the ability of a bioreactor to oxidize ferrous iron (Fe(II)) in
acid mine drainage (AMD). An abandoned coal and clay
mine near Dean, PA produces AMD at a site known as Brubaker Run, and this site was used in the study. Sediment and AMD were collected from Brubaker Run and used to enrich mixed-culture bioreactors in automated chemostats. The reactors were periodically dosed with ferrous sulfate to increase the Fe(II) concentrations. After the bioreactors were established, a series of flow-through experiments, with the reactors operating as completely-stirred tank reactors (CSTRs), were conducted to determine oxidation and removal rates at various operating conditions.
Two initial flow-through experiments were performed to determine an optimal hydraulic residence time. These tests were performed the same way, and from the calculated oxidation efficiencies for each hydraulic residence time tested, 6 h was chosen as the optimal value.
Using this hydraulic residence time, experiments were then conducted by varying the reactor pH and influent Fe(II) concentration of the bioreactors. Oxidation rates for these experiments increased with a decreasing reactor pH and with an increasing effluent Fe(II) concentration. Although the influent concentration was varied, the effects of the effluent concentration were examined because this is the concentration that was present in the bioreactor and available to the microorganisms. A saturation-like effect appeared to occur when the influent Fe(II) concentration reached the higher set points (1200 and 2400 mg/L). There was also a possible saturation-like effect from the hydrogen ion concentration when the reactor pH was decreased to 2.6 and 2.3.
From the experimental data, a general rate law model can be written for biological Fe(II) oxidation. Once simplified, it is only a function of the hydrogen ion and effluent Fe(II) concentrations. Measured pH and effluent Fe(II) values at the different operating conditions can be input into the simplified equation to predict the oxidation rates that should have been measured. The model’s predicted rates are not very accurate in terms of being similar to the actual measured rates. More experimental data or possibly even additional terms in the rate law equation are needed to produce a more accurate model.
The recorded addition of
acid and base during the experiments can be used to show whether mainly Fe(II) oxidation or both Fe(II) oxidation and Fe(III) precipitation are occurring in the bioreactor. The data show evidence that at pH < 2.9 there is mainly Fe(II) oxidation occurring, while at pH > 2.9 both Fe(II) oxidation and Fe(III) precipitation are occurring. pH=2.9 needs to be explored more because the data do not show evidence for the occurrence of only oxidation or both oxidation and precipitation. The operating conditions are important because of the resulting reactions that they cause, and these reactions can be critical to the success of a treatment system.
The loading rates per area of the…
Advisors/Committee Members: William D Burgos, Thesis Advisor/Co-Advisor.
Subjects/Keywords: bioreactor; low-pH; acid mine drainage; mine drainage; Fe(II) oxidation; ferrous iron oxidation; GDM
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APA (6th Edition):
Kaley, B. R. (2013). Low-pH Fe(II) Oxidation Using a Bioreactor for the Treatment of Acid Mine Drainage. (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/19837
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Kaley, Bradley Richard. “Low-pH Fe(II) Oxidation Using a Bioreactor for the Treatment of Acid Mine Drainage.” 2013. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed April 17, 2021.
https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/19837.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Kaley, Bradley Richard. “Low-pH Fe(II) Oxidation Using a Bioreactor for the Treatment of Acid Mine Drainage.” 2013. Web. 17 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Kaley BR. Low-pH Fe(II) Oxidation Using a Bioreactor for the Treatment of Acid Mine Drainage. [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2013. [cited 2021 Apr 17].
Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/19837.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Kaley BR. Low-pH Fe(II) Oxidation Using a Bioreactor for the Treatment of Acid Mine Drainage. [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2013. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/19837
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Texas A&M University
19.
Litt, Joshua.
An Assessment of the Natural and Anthropogenic Geochemistry of the Red Mountain Creek Watershed: Ironton Mining District, Colorado.
Degree: MS, Water Management and Hydrological Science, 2014, Texas A&M University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/152689
► Red Mountain Creek is located in the rich mineralized San Juan Mountains of Southwestern Colorado, where mining from the mid 1800s through the late 1970s…
(more)
▼ Red Mountain Creek is located in the rich mineralized San Juan Mountains of
Southwestern Colorado, where mining from the mid 1800s through the late 1970s
occurred. Sampling of the Uncompahgre River in the late 1970s, which is downstream of
the five tailings ponds, showed high levels of heavy metals. It was assumed the
remaining
mine tailings were responsible for the high concentrations of heavy metals in
the waters down-valley from the deposits. Thus, in 1983, remediation began with the use
of direct re-vegetation of the deposits. This remediation was required as a result of
National laws, which mandated the state of Colorado and the Idarado Mining Company
develop a Remedial Action Plan (RAP). Interestingly, the tailings were assumed to be
the sole source.
Studies over the past twenty years, have suggested for site-specific locations, the
highly mineralized zones may be additional sources of inputting heavy metals into
streams. We assumed that heavy metal concentrations found in the streams come from
the weathering of highly complex mineral assemblages, as well as from mining
activities. It was our objective to establish the geochemistry in streams in the areas above
and below mining activity and remediated areas and to evaluate the impact of
remediation. Water quality data were collected for Aluminum (Al), Cadmium (Cd),
Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), Lead (Pb), Magnesium (Mg), Manganese (Mn), Zinc (Zn), and
temperature, specific conductance, pH and dissolved oxygen.
Twenty-seven samples were filtered with a 0.45μm membrane filter and twenty-seven
were left unfiltered. Samples were collected in-stream after determining discharge
for each stream. The samples of RMC were evaluated by using a Shapiro-Wilks test.
There is a definitive difference between pH and dissolved metal concentrations when
comparing streams on the east side to west side. In addition, there were five distinct
confluences with Red Mountain Creek that provided significant changes in water
quality. This was due to hydrothermally altered bedrock, which had and had not been
mined.
Advisors/Committee Members: Giardino, John R (advisor), Marcantonio, Franco (committee member), Zhan, Hongbin (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Red Mountain Creek; Geochemistry; Natural Acid Rock Drainage; Acid Mine Drainage; Water Quality; Idarado
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APA (6th Edition):
Litt, J. (2014). An Assessment of the Natural and Anthropogenic Geochemistry of the Red Mountain Creek Watershed: Ironton Mining District, Colorado. (Masters Thesis). Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/152689
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Litt, Joshua. “An Assessment of the Natural and Anthropogenic Geochemistry of the Red Mountain Creek Watershed: Ironton Mining District, Colorado.” 2014. Masters Thesis, Texas A&M University. Accessed April 17, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/152689.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Litt, Joshua. “An Assessment of the Natural and Anthropogenic Geochemistry of the Red Mountain Creek Watershed: Ironton Mining District, Colorado.” 2014. Web. 17 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Litt J. An Assessment of the Natural and Anthropogenic Geochemistry of the Red Mountain Creek Watershed: Ironton Mining District, Colorado. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2014. [cited 2021 Apr 17].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/152689.
Council of Science Editors:
Litt J. An Assessment of the Natural and Anthropogenic Geochemistry of the Red Mountain Creek Watershed: Ironton Mining District, Colorado. [Masters Thesis]. Texas A&M University; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/152689
University of Colorado
20.
Rue, Garrett Patrick.
Geologic Misfortune: The Source, Fate, and Transport of Rare Earth Elements in the Snake River Watershed, Montezuma, Colorado.
Degree: MS, 2015, University of Colorado
URL: https://scholar.colorado.edu/envs_gradetds/28
► The environmental impacts of acid rock drainage (ARD) and acid mine drainage (AMD) are a problem facing many waterways across the Rocky Mountains and…
(more)
▼ The environmental impacts of
acid rock
drainage (ARD) and
acid mine drainage (AMD) are a problem facing many waterways across the Rocky Mountains and throughout the world, particularly in areas of historic mining. Here we examine ARD/AMD enriched in rare earth elements (REE) in the Snake River watershed, located near the former mining boomtown of Montezuma, Colorado. Long-term data sets of precipitation, temperature, river discharge at many sites throughout the region show decreasing trends in summer flows from 1980 to 2010 which correlate to a snowpack melting occurring 2-3 weeks earlier. A 30-year water chemistry data set from the Upper Snake River further shows that metal concentrations are 100 to 400% higher than baseline concentrations during low-flow months. In addition, a low water table and decreased snow cover have increased the area of exposed sulfide minerals and the production of ARD, enhancing dissolution of metals from the disseminate pyrite present in the country rock and other secondary minerals present. The concentration of REEs present in tributaries of ARD-impacted Upper Snake and AMD-effected Peru Creek are three orders-of-magnitude higher than rivers worldwide and offer the unique opportunity to contrast their behavior against other dominant aspects of water chemistry. Iron is the predominant metal present both in the Upper Snake River and Peru Creek. In these headwaters, acidic water with pH 3.3 to 3.8 maintains a significant fraction of iron and aluminum dissolved, but mixing with shallow groundwater and pristine, circumneutral surface inflows downstream facilitate oxide precipitation. Of additional influence are diurnal changes in the valence state of dissolved iron coupled with the re dissolution of precipitates owing to competing microbial and photochemical reactions. This study hypothesizes that headwaters loading of REEs are historically increasing at rates observed with other conservative solutes such as zinc. Similarly suggested and also related to alterations of hydrologic regime, are the enhanced enrichment of REEs by periods of extreme flow. In support, investigations for this thesis present data collected over the last 3 years regarding the sourcing, fate, and transport of rare earth elements as well as in relation to other solutes in the Snake River Watershed.
Advisors/Committee Members: Diane McKnight, Devin Castendyk, Kaelin Cawley.
Subjects/Keywords: Acid Mine Drainage; Acid Rock Drainage; Geochemistry; Water Quality; Biogeochemistry; Environmental Sciences; Geochemistry
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APA (6th Edition):
Rue, G. P. (2015). Geologic Misfortune: The Source, Fate, and Transport of Rare Earth Elements in the Snake River Watershed, Montezuma, Colorado. (Masters Thesis). University of Colorado. Retrieved from https://scholar.colorado.edu/envs_gradetds/28
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Rue, Garrett Patrick. “Geologic Misfortune: The Source, Fate, and Transport of Rare Earth Elements in the Snake River Watershed, Montezuma, Colorado.” 2015. Masters Thesis, University of Colorado. Accessed April 17, 2021.
https://scholar.colorado.edu/envs_gradetds/28.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Rue, Garrett Patrick. “Geologic Misfortune: The Source, Fate, and Transport of Rare Earth Elements in the Snake River Watershed, Montezuma, Colorado.” 2015. Web. 17 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Rue GP. Geologic Misfortune: The Source, Fate, and Transport of Rare Earth Elements in the Snake River Watershed, Montezuma, Colorado. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Colorado; 2015. [cited 2021 Apr 17].
Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/envs_gradetds/28.
Council of Science Editors:
Rue GP. Geologic Misfortune: The Source, Fate, and Transport of Rare Earth Elements in the Snake River Watershed, Montezuma, Colorado. [Masters Thesis]. University of Colorado; 2015. Available from: https://scholar.colorado.edu/envs_gradetds/28
University of the Western Cape
21.
Hlatywayo, Tapiwa.
Coal fly ash and acid mine drainage based heterogeneous Fe catalysts Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction
.
Degree: 2020, University of the Western Cape
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7295
► The catalytic support materials used in the present study are zeolite HBEA and MCM-41. These high silica zeolites were synthesised from coal fly ash (CFA)…
(more)
▼ The catalytic support materials used in the present study are zeolite HBEA and MCM-41. These high silica zeolites were synthesised from coal fly ash (CFA) waste via a novel approach that involved a fusion step,
acid assisted silica extraction and removal of Al, Ca and Na from the silica by treatment with oxalic
acid. The generated silica was converted to HBEA and MCM-41 via conventional hydrothermal treatment. The metal incorporation onto HBEA was done via two approaches namely; liquid phase ion exchange (LIE) and wet impregnation (WI) while the loading on MCM-41 was only done via WI since the material does not possess exchange sites. The metal solution precursors were AMD and Fe extracted from CFA (FeAsh) via
acid leaching followed by pH regulation by concentrated NaOH. This is the first time these solutions were tested as possible metal precursors in catalyst synthesis.
Advisors/Committee Members: Petrik, Leslie (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Acid leaching;
Acid mine drainage;
Friedel-Crafts alkylation;
Coal fly ash
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APA (6th Edition):
Hlatywayo, T. (2020). Coal fly ash and acid mine drainage based heterogeneous Fe catalysts Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction
. (Thesis). University of the Western Cape. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7295
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Hlatywayo, Tapiwa. “Coal fly ash and acid mine drainage based heterogeneous Fe catalysts Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction
.” 2020. Thesis, University of the Western Cape. Accessed April 17, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7295.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Hlatywayo, Tapiwa. “Coal fly ash and acid mine drainage based heterogeneous Fe catalysts Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction
.” 2020. Web. 17 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Hlatywayo T. Coal fly ash and acid mine drainage based heterogeneous Fe catalysts Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction
. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of the Western Cape; 2020. [cited 2021 Apr 17].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7295.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Hlatywayo T. Coal fly ash and acid mine drainage based heterogeneous Fe catalysts Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction
. [Thesis]. University of the Western Cape; 2020. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7295
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of Cape Town
22.
Guseva, Olga.
Quantifying texture for acid rock drainage characterisation and prediction.
Degree: MSc, Chemical Engineering, 2020, University of Cape Town
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32658
► Minerals, metals and mining are the cornerstone of technological development and play an essential role in achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Mining, however,…
(more)
▼ Minerals, metals and mining are the cornerstone of technological development and play an essential role in achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Mining, however, is not a wastefree process, with
mine wastes being a source of a host of environmental problems. One of these is
acid rock
drainage (ARD), which forms through a complex series of
acid formation (mainly via sulfide oxidation), neutralisation (primarily by carbonates) and gangue mineral dissolution reactions in waste rock and tailings storage piles. The resulting
drainage waters are often acidic, highly saline and may contain elevated levels of deleterious elements. Effective ARD mitigation requires accurate ARD characterisation and prediction strategies. To date, standard guidelines recommend a suite of geochemical static (characterisation) and kinetic (prediction) tests. Characterisation tests such as
acid-base accounting (ABA) and net
acid generation (NAG) tests provide a quick and relatively inexpensive estimate of the "worst case" scenario for
acid formation and neutralisation, while kinetic tests (commonly humidity or column leach tests) aim to predict the longterm weathering potential of waste material. The UCT biokinetic test (not currently industry standard practice) was developed to address the effect of microorganisms on ARD formation and allow for the collection of relative kinetic data on neutralisation and acidification within a shortened time period. None of these tests, however, account for the additional layer of complexity introduced by mineral texture, which describes the interrelationship of mineral grains to one another, their shapes and sizes, with some frequently studied textural parameters including mineral liberation, association, grain size distribution and particle size. Mineralogical and textural analyses are infrequently practiced in the context of ARD assessment due to the difficulty in obtaining statistically sound quantitative textural data, high costs of measurement, and standard ARD assessment protocols recommending (rather than necessitating) these assessments. An ARD assessment approach that includes static, kinetic, mineralogical and textural assessments has nonetheless been suggested by several researchers. This project assessed the dominating textural parameters on the scales of kinetic (humidity cell) test (HCT) feed material (meso-scale) and characterisation (static and UCT batch biokinetic) test (SCT) feed material (micro-scale) using four waste rock samples (A, B, C and D) from a greenstone belt gold deposit as a case study. More specifically, the study aimed to assess the role of mineralogy and texture in the ARD assessment "toolbox" and to investigate the role of coarse material sampling for ARD assessment. Data sets collected included the PSD of the micro- and meso-scale material, sample chemistry data obtained from XRF spectrometry and LECO total sulfur, bulk mineralogy data from QXRD and QEMSCAN, as well as textural and mineralogical data from QEMSCAN for sized and unsized micro- and…
Advisors/Committee Members: Becker, Megan (advisor), Broadhurst, Jennifer (advisor), Harrison, Susan (advisor), Bradshaw, Deidre (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: acid rock drainage; mine waste; ARD characterisation; acid based accounting
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APA (6th Edition):
Guseva, O. (2020). Quantifying texture for acid rock drainage characterisation and prediction. (Masters Thesis). University of Cape Town. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32658
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Guseva, Olga. “Quantifying texture for acid rock drainage characterisation and prediction.” 2020. Masters Thesis, University of Cape Town. Accessed April 17, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32658.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Guseva, Olga. “Quantifying texture for acid rock drainage characterisation and prediction.” 2020. Web. 17 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Guseva O. Quantifying texture for acid rock drainage characterisation and prediction. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Cape Town; 2020. [cited 2021 Apr 17].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32658.
Council of Science Editors:
Guseva O. Quantifying texture for acid rock drainage characterisation and prediction. [Masters Thesis]. University of Cape Town; 2020. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32658
Kent State University
23.
Wood, Daniel L.
Lime Treatment of Coal Mine Spoil Impacted Soils in the Huff
Run Watershed of Northeast Ohio.
Degree: MS, College of Arts and Sciences / Department of
Geology, 2018, Kent State University
URL: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1532101439596856
► The surface mining of coal leaves behind an abundance of surface waste material called coal mine spoil. Prior to the enactment of the Clean Water…
(more)
▼ The surface mining of coal leaves behind an abundance
of surface waste material called coal
mine spoil. Prior to the
enactment of the Clean Water Act in 1972 and the Surface Mining
Control and Reclamation Act of 1977,
mine spoils and their
associated mines were often left abandoned after production ceased.
Active and abandoned mines are primary producers of acidic and
sulfur-rich wastewater in the United States and it is estimated
that it will cost 32-72 billion dollars to remediate waters
impacted by
acid mine drainage (AMD). Once exposed to the surface,
pyrite within these
mine waste soils will begin to oxidize,
releasing metals and acidity which can leach into nearby surface
and groundwater systems. This work explores the efficacy of
applying lime slurry, a potential low-cost approach, to coal
mine
spoil in order to determine mineralogical and geochemical factors
controlling neutralization of acidity and sequestration of
dissolved metals. Joint field and laboratory studies were conducted
in order to determine the chemical and physical interactions that
take place between a lime-slurry and coal
mine spoil- and AMD
impacted soils. The field portion of this study consisted of
monitoring the changes in near surface water and solid phase
composition of two coal spoil-dominated hillslopes which were
treated with lime slurry. Parallel laboratory column experiments
simulated rainwater passing through treated and untreated
mine
spoil in a controlled setting. Changes in solid phase composition
during treatment were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and
X-ray fluorescence (XRF). Porewater composition was determined by
Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES),
Ion Chromatography (IC), and Total Organic Carbon (TOC). The
results from the field pilot project are ambiguous and difficult to
separate from natural processes. Porewater composition showed
little response of pH or electrical conductivity (EC) to lime
treatment, in contrast porewater and solid phase concentrations of
Fe and Al did respond to addition of lime. Broadly, Fe was
sequestered into the solid phase, whereas Al was leached out into
solution. The results from the column experiments show a clear and
repeatable evidence of lime infiltration and
acid neutralization.
Effluent from the columns treated with lime had higher
concentrations of Ca, and elevated pH, electrical conductivity
(EC), and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC). Further, consistent in
part with the field project, Fe Mn, and Zn were sequestered into
the solid phases, whereas Al and Cu were leached. Despite clear
trends in the laboratory-based column experiment where the
lime-to-soil ratio was high, the effects were either muted or
undetected in the field pilot project where the lime-to-soil ratio
was much lower. This suggests that more lime would need to be added
to
mine spoil in the field to achieve similar effect. However, this
work also provides evidence which suggests that the application of
lime can increase the mobilization of AMD contaminants, such as Al
and Cu. A…
Advisors/Committee Members: Singer, David (Advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Environmental Geology; Geology; Geochemistry; Acid Mine Drainage; Acid Mine Drainage Neutralization; Coal Mining; Coal Mine Spoil; Mine Spoil; Mineral Weathering; Pyrite Oxidation; Soil Porewater pH; dissolved metals; mine contamination
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APA (6th Edition):
Wood, D. L. (2018). Lime Treatment of Coal Mine Spoil Impacted Soils in the Huff
Run Watershed of Northeast Ohio. (Masters Thesis). Kent State University. Retrieved from http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1532101439596856
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Wood, Daniel L. “Lime Treatment of Coal Mine Spoil Impacted Soils in the Huff
Run Watershed of Northeast Ohio.” 2018. Masters Thesis, Kent State University. Accessed April 17, 2021.
http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1532101439596856.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Wood, Daniel L. “Lime Treatment of Coal Mine Spoil Impacted Soils in the Huff
Run Watershed of Northeast Ohio.” 2018. Web. 17 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Wood DL. Lime Treatment of Coal Mine Spoil Impacted Soils in the Huff
Run Watershed of Northeast Ohio. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Kent State University; 2018. [cited 2021 Apr 17].
Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1532101439596856.
Council of Science Editors:
Wood DL. Lime Treatment of Coal Mine Spoil Impacted Soils in the Huff
Run Watershed of Northeast Ohio. [Masters Thesis]. Kent State University; 2018. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1532101439596856
24.
Rehn, Andreas.
Mineralogical and Geochemical Study of Acid Mine Drainage from 100 Years of Coal Mining in Svalbard (78° N).
Degree: Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, 2020, Luleå University of Technology
URL: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-78714
► Waste rock piles from coal mining of tertiary bituminous coal in Longyearbyen, Svalbard, show sulfide oxidation and subsequent acid mine drainage (AMD) production. The…
(more)
▼ Waste rock piles from coal mining of tertiary bituminous coal in Longyearbyen, Svalbard, show sulfide oxidation and subsequent acid mine drainage (AMD) production. The aim was to establish deeper understanding of AMD prediction based on Mineralogy and Geochemistry of coal and AMD samples. Mineralogical investigation of both coal and rock samples was performed with Automated SEM (ZEISS-Sigma VP300-Mineralogic System) as well as RAMAN. ICP-MS analysis was performed on solid and water samples. The pH from in situ measurements of AMD between 2,5-7,0. Eh varied from 222-569 mV (corresponding pe value of 3,7-9,6). This study showed that time of AMD in an oxidative environment was a key factor in iron concentration and iron speciation the AMD. This could not however be concluded in terms of age of mine site but rather the site-specific setting. The main minerals found in coal samples were pyrite (FeS2), siderite (FeCO3), calcite (CaCO3) and apatite (Ca5(PO4)3). Pyrites were identified with framboidal and euhedral textures and were found inside the maceral matter and in over- and underlying rocks respectively. SEM analysis of coal samples indicated that the modes of mineral formation was changing over the course of the Longyear seam. This study found that framboidal or euhedral textures of pyrite had different impacts in the AMD production. Framboidal pyrite was found to generate a greater amount of acidity than euhedral pyrites due to larger specific surface area and could therefore pose larger problems in AMD management.
Subjects/Keywords: Acid rock drainage; Acid mine drainage; coal mine waste; Pyrite; Arctic; Svalbard; Spitzbergen; Geochemistry; Geokemi; Geology; Geologi
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APA (6th Edition):
Rehn, A. (2020). Mineralogical and Geochemical Study of Acid Mine Drainage from 100 Years of Coal Mining in Svalbard (78° N). (Thesis). Luleå University of Technology. Retrieved from http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-78714
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Rehn, Andreas. “Mineralogical and Geochemical Study of Acid Mine Drainage from 100 Years of Coal Mining in Svalbard (78° N).” 2020. Thesis, Luleå University of Technology. Accessed April 17, 2021.
http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-78714.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Rehn, Andreas. “Mineralogical and Geochemical Study of Acid Mine Drainage from 100 Years of Coal Mining in Svalbard (78° N).” 2020. Web. 17 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Rehn A. Mineralogical and Geochemical Study of Acid Mine Drainage from 100 Years of Coal Mining in Svalbard (78° N). [Internet] [Thesis]. Luleå University of Technology; 2020. [cited 2021 Apr 17].
Available from: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-78714.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Rehn A. Mineralogical and Geochemical Study of Acid Mine Drainage from 100 Years of Coal Mining in Svalbard (78° N). [Thesis]. Luleå University of Technology; 2020. Available from: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-78714
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Ohio University
25.
McCament, Benny K.
Hydrologic controls on acidity and metals production in an
abandoned underground mine complex in southeast Ohio, Perry
county.
Degree: MS, Environmental Studies (Arts and Sciences), 2004, Ohio University
URL: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1088185432
► The hydrology of abandoned, partially flooded coalmines is not well understood, including recharge mechanisms, preferential flow paths, and hydraulic connection among individual mines. The findings…
(more)
▼ The hydrology of abandoned, partially flooded
coalmines is not well understood, including recharge mechanisms,
preferential flow paths, and hydraulic connection among individual
mines. The findings of this study will help in developing a sound
remediation plan for the 2.6 cfs Corning AMD discharge, and will
also provide insight into the behavior of other abandoned deep
mine
complexes that are partially above and below
drainage. Within the
Corning
mine pool, the location of the partially flooded “beach”
area extrapolated from head data in monitoring wells is on average
5 feet higher than the Corning discharge elevation and up to 2,200
ft in width and 16,000 ft in length. Subsidence recharge is
significant contributing 12% during 2002 and over 50% during a
large precipitation event. The
mine pool exhibits seasonal or
transient behavior with elevation changes greater than 5 ft during
the study period, and the Corning discharge responds with seasonal
fluctuations in flow and chemistry. The
mine pool does not behave
as a single hydrostatic pool according to hydraulic head data with
varying degrees of confinement throughout the
mine pool. A higher
degree of confined aquifer behavior is displayed closer to the
discharge point and unconfined (phreatic) behavior is present near
the beach zone. Head data implies the existence of preferential
flow paths within the
mine pool and water quality data also
indicates the
mine pool is not well mixed with worse water quality
in the eastern complex. A chemical gradient is apparent from west
to east suggesting that mixing (i.e. dilution) is occurring between
the west and east mines and a basic chemical [Cl−] mixing model
determined that the eastern complex contributes nearly 50% of the
Cl− load but only 10% of the flow.
Advisors/Committee Members: Stoertz, Mary (Advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Mine Hydrology; Acid Mine Drainage; Mine Geochemistry; Mine Recharge
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APA (6th Edition):
McCament, B. K. (2004). Hydrologic controls on acidity and metals production in an
abandoned underground mine complex in southeast Ohio, Perry
county. (Masters Thesis). Ohio University. Retrieved from http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1088185432
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
McCament, Benny K. “Hydrologic controls on acidity and metals production in an
abandoned underground mine complex in southeast Ohio, Perry
county.” 2004. Masters Thesis, Ohio University. Accessed April 17, 2021.
http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1088185432.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
McCament, Benny K. “Hydrologic controls on acidity and metals production in an
abandoned underground mine complex in southeast Ohio, Perry
county.” 2004. Web. 17 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
McCament BK. Hydrologic controls on acidity and metals production in an
abandoned underground mine complex in southeast Ohio, Perry
county. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Ohio University; 2004. [cited 2021 Apr 17].
Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1088185432.
Council of Science Editors:
McCament BK. Hydrologic controls on acidity and metals production in an
abandoned underground mine complex in southeast Ohio, Perry
county. [Masters Thesis]. Ohio University; 2004. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1088185432
Rhodes University
26.
Molwantwa, Jennifer Balatedi.
Floating sulphur biofilms structure, function and biotechnology.
Degree: PhD, Faculty of Science, Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2008, Rhodes University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004017
► Mine wastewaters generated during active production operations, and decanting streams following mine closure have major environmental impacts, and volumes requiring treatment are expected to increase…
(more)
▼ Mine wastewaters generated during active production operations, and decanting streams following
mine closure have major environmental impacts, and volumes requiring treatment are expected to increase substantially as the South African mining industry matures. Biological treatment of
mine waters has been the
subject of increasing interest, where sulphate reducing bacteria are employed for the reduction of sulphate to sulphide, precipitation of metals and the production of alkalinity. However, the sulphide if not removed from the system can be oxidised back to sulphate. As a result there have been limitations especially in the provision of technological options that are sustainable over the long-term, where the total sulphur (in its different forms) can be removed from the system. These, however, are the
subject of a number of constraints including, importantly, the process capability to remove reduced sulphur from the treated stream, in one of its oxidation states, and thus linearise the biological sulphur cycle. This remains a major bottleneck in the development of biological wastewater treatment technology. Floating sulphur biofilms are observed as surface layers in numerous aquatic sulphide-rich environments, and it has been suggested that they play a role in the biological cycling of sulphur. The use of sulphur biofilms for the removal of elemental sulphur was identified in this study as a possible means for addressing the technological bottleneck, especially in passive wastewater treatment systems. There is, however, little documented information in the literature on the structure of floating sulphur biofilms, the microbial species responsible for their occurrence or bio-process applications of the system. A linear flow channel reactor was developed to simulate natural conditions and enabled the study of floating sulphur biofilm under controlled laboratory conditions. It was observed that these biofilms developed through three distinct stages termed Thin, Sticky and Brittle films. A microprobe study showed the presence of a steep Redox gradient established across (260 to 380 μm) depth of the floating sulphur biofilm of ~ 0 to -200 mV (top to bottom), which correlated with pH and sulphide gradients across the system. Structural investigations embedded in an exopolymeric matrix containing clearly defined channels and pores. Sulphur crystals were found to develop within the biofilm and above a certain size these disengaged and then settled in the liquid phase below the biofilm. These features, together with the ability of the biofilm to remain suspended at the air/water interface thus provide the surface requirement, and indicate that these structures may be understood as “true” biofilms. In order to study an apparent functional differentiation within the floating sulphur biofilm system, a method was developed to expand its various components over a 13 cm length of agarose tube and across which an oxygen/sulphide gradient was established. This was done by inserting a sulphide plug in the bottom of the tube,…
Advisors/Committee Members: Rose, P.D. (Prof.).
Subjects/Keywords: Biofilms; Sulfur; Acid mine drainage – South Africa; Mine water – Purification – Biological treatment; Microbial ecology
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APA (6th Edition):
Molwantwa, J. B. (2008). Floating sulphur biofilms structure, function and biotechnology. (Doctoral Dissertation). Rhodes University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004017
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Molwantwa, Jennifer Balatedi. “Floating sulphur biofilms structure, function and biotechnology.” 2008. Doctoral Dissertation, Rhodes University. Accessed April 17, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004017.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Molwantwa, Jennifer Balatedi. “Floating sulphur biofilms structure, function and biotechnology.” 2008. Web. 17 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Molwantwa JB. Floating sulphur biofilms structure, function and biotechnology. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Rhodes University; 2008. [cited 2021 Apr 17].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004017.
Council of Science Editors:
Molwantwa JB. Floating sulphur biofilms structure, function and biotechnology. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Rhodes University; 2008. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004017
27.
S. Porro.
A BIOGECHEMICAL APPROACH FOR THE ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISATION OF MINE LANDS.
Degree: 2013, Università degli Studi di Milano
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2434/216119
► Abstract The determination of PTE environmental impacts at mine lands is a complex issues, since it regards different environmental matrix, as earth material (soils and…
(more)
▼ Abstract
The determination of PTE environmental impacts at
mine lands is a complex issues, since it regards different environmental matrix, as earth material (soils and waste-rocks), superficial and underground waters and also living beings. All of these can be investigated by biogeochemical tools, as they are very useful to understand how PTE move from waste-rocks to the surrounding ecosystems and how a careful
mine land management can control their impacts.
This project was carried out in order to check and develop analytical methodologies for the evaluation of:
1. PTE contamination of earth materials (soil or waste rock), with a special care for arsenic, one of the most dangerous elements for human health;
2. AMD evaluation, by the application of different analytical methodologies (static and kinetic tests);
3. biogeochemical features of wild flora growing on
mine sites, in order to collect useful information for
mine lands remediation.
AMD evaluation was done by the applications of AMIRA procedure (IWRI & EGI, 2002), that allowed to identify the
acid production or neutralising potential of earth materials. Moreover, an important tool for geochemical assessment of abandoned
mine-waste dumps was applied, as it is a quick, cost-effective and qualitative leach procedure, designed by the Environmental Protection Agency (1994) to evaluate the impact of contaminated earth material on groundwaters. This kinetic test provides an insight into the behaviour of the waste-rocks during the interaction with meteoric water and gives useful indication of the potential chemical composition of the run-off from the weathered surface of mining areas.
Moreover, the relationship between earth materials and plants growing on
mine areas were investigated and metal tolerance strategies were identify by the calculation of the appropriate biogeochemical parameters as Bioaccumulation Factor and Traslocation Factor.
These approaches have been developed on two ancient
mine sites, with different geo-environmental setting: Rosia Montana mining area (Romania) and Gromo-Gandellino mining area (Valseriana, Northern Italy).
Rosia Montana mining area (Romania) is a hydrothermal gold deposit hosted in andesites and dacites of Neogene age, piercing the pre-volcanic sedimentary basement as breccia pipes, that host polymetallic sulphides and Au-Ag-Te mineralisations. Century of exploitation caused a significant environmental damage and the excavation and exploitation of tunnels and open pits has generated a large amount of waste-rocks dumps, some of them located close to villages. Private company provided remediation plans for the past mining activity and mitigation plans for reopening.
Gromo-Gandellino ancient mining area is a Ag – Fe ore deposit made up mainly by sulphide, sulphosalts and carbonate, intensely exploited in the medieval epoch and abandoned in the early decades of 20th century. The area is not exploited at the present time, but the numerous underground cavities and waste-rock dumps, some of them located very closed to…
Advisors/Committee Members: tutor: L. De Capitani, coordinatore: E. Erba, DE CAPITANI, LUISA, ERBA, ELISABETTA.
Subjects/Keywords: mine lands; potentially toxic elements; acid mine drainage; phytoremediation; Settore GEO/08 - Geochimica e Vulcanologia
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APA (6th Edition):
Porro, S. (2013). A BIOGECHEMICAL APPROACH FOR THE ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISATION OF MINE LANDS. (Thesis). Università degli Studi di Milano. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2434/216119
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Porro, S.. “A BIOGECHEMICAL APPROACH FOR THE ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISATION OF MINE LANDS.” 2013. Thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano. Accessed April 17, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2434/216119.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Porro, S.. “A BIOGECHEMICAL APPROACH FOR THE ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISATION OF MINE LANDS.” 2013. Web. 17 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Porro S. A BIOGECHEMICAL APPROACH FOR THE ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISATION OF MINE LANDS. [Internet] [Thesis]. Università degli Studi di Milano; 2013. [cited 2021 Apr 17].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2434/216119.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Porro S. A BIOGECHEMICAL APPROACH FOR THE ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISATION OF MINE LANDS. [Thesis]. Università degli Studi di Milano; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2434/216119
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of Arizona
28.
Valentín-Vargas, Alexis.
Analysis of the Phylogenetic and Functional Dynamics of Microbial Communities in Metalliferous, Acid-Generating Mine Tailings Subject to a Phytostabilization Treatment
.
Degree: 2013, University of Arizona
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/307007
► Extensive research conducted over the last decade has demonstrated the great potential of phytostabilization for the reclamation of abandoned mine tailing piles. The right combination…
(more)
▼ Extensive research conducted over the last decade has demonstrated the great potential of phytostabilization for the reclamation of abandoned
mine tailing piles. The right combination of plant species and soil amendments can facilitate the growth of a permanent vegetative cover on the tailings that will help minimize the mobilization of metal-bearing particles by means of wind dispersion and water erosion. Despite previous research efforts, the diversity and potential role of microbial populations inhabiting the root zone of the plants on the stabilization of the metal(loid) contaminants remains mostly unresolved. The study presented in this dissertation represents one of the first comprehensive efforts aimed to understand the ecology and dynamics of microbial communities colonizing both bulk and rhizosphere tailings during phytostabilization as an initial step towards elucidating the role of microbes in the stabilization of metal(loid) contaminants during the remediation treatment. This study was divided into two main projects: (1) the first aimed to monitor the temporal variations in functional and taxonomic diversity of prokaryotic populations in
acid-generating metalliferous
mine tailings during phytostabilization to determine how they respond to and/or influence changes in environmental parameters and to identify key patterns in their composition that may serve as bioindicators of soil health and the success of the remediation treatment; and (2) the second aimed to expand our understanding of the dynamics of root-associated bacterial, fungal and archaeal communities during
mine tailing phytostabilization and how the dynamic behavior of the communities correspond to the growth of plants, the addition of soil amendments, and fluctuations in environmental conditions. The results presented here demonstrate that different microbial groups respond differently to changes in environmental conditions during phytostabilization, suggesting that by monitoring the behavior of specific microbial groups in the systems (as bioindicators) we may be able to assess the effectiveness of the remediation treatment. Furthermore, the results from the taxonomic and functional analysis of the microbial communities served as the basis for the development of a model that explains the ecology and distribution of dominant microbial groups in the tailings that may significantly contribute to the oxidation of iron-sulfides, the production of
acid mine drainage, and to facilitate plant establishment and survival during phytostabilization.
Advisors/Committee Members: Maier, Raina M (advisor), Maier, Raina M. (committeemember), Chorover, Jonathan D. (committeemember), Rich, Virginia I. (committeemember), Vedantam, Gayatri (committeemember).
Subjects/Keywords: Microbial Community;
Microbial Ecology;
Mine Tailings;
Phytostabilization;
Soil, Water & Environmental Science;
Acid Mine Drainage
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APA (6th Edition):
Valentín-Vargas, A. (2013). Analysis of the Phylogenetic and Functional Dynamics of Microbial Communities in Metalliferous, Acid-Generating Mine Tailings Subject to a Phytostabilization Treatment
. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Arizona. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10150/307007
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Valentín-Vargas, Alexis. “Analysis of the Phylogenetic and Functional Dynamics of Microbial Communities in Metalliferous, Acid-Generating Mine Tailings Subject to a Phytostabilization Treatment
.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Arizona. Accessed April 17, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10150/307007.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Valentín-Vargas, Alexis. “Analysis of the Phylogenetic and Functional Dynamics of Microbial Communities in Metalliferous, Acid-Generating Mine Tailings Subject to a Phytostabilization Treatment
.” 2013. Web. 17 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Valentín-Vargas A. Analysis of the Phylogenetic and Functional Dynamics of Microbial Communities in Metalliferous, Acid-Generating Mine Tailings Subject to a Phytostabilization Treatment
. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Arizona; 2013. [cited 2021 Apr 17].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/307007.
Council of Science Editors:
Valentín-Vargas A. Analysis of the Phylogenetic and Functional Dynamics of Microbial Communities in Metalliferous, Acid-Generating Mine Tailings Subject to a Phytostabilization Treatment
. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Arizona; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10150/307007
University of Plymouth
29.
Turner, Alison Jean May.
Diffuse minewater pollution : quantification and risk assessment in the Tamar catchment.
Degree: PhD, 2011, University of Plymouth
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/891
► Abandoned metal mines in the Tamar catchment, south west England, represent a significant threat to surface water quality via generation of acid mine waters. Currently…
(more)
▼ Abandoned metal mines in the Tamar catchment, south west England, represent a significant threat to surface water quality via generation of acid mine waters. Currently the River Tamar fails environmental quality standards (EQS) established under the Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC) for dissolved Cu (x ̅ = 0.19 ± 0.05 μmol L-1) and Zn (x ̅ = 0.19 ± 0.06 μmol L-1, both 1997-2007) downstream of historic mining area of Gunnislake. The aim of this study was to quantify the risk to surface water quality by diffuse drainage generated by mine waste tips. For the first time, a GIS model was compiled and used to generate a priority list of known areas of mine waste, based on physical and environmental factors. The methodology was consistent with European guidance documentation published to meet the requirements of the Mining Waste Directive (2001/21/EC) and has since been applied, in a modified form, to other catchments in south west England. Two study sites, with contrasting mineralogy and hydrology, scored highly in the model and were the subject of field investigations from 2007-2009. These were Devon Great Consols (DGC), an abandoned Cu-As mine near Gunnislake and Wheal Betsy (WB), an abandoned Pb-Ag mine, near Mary Tavy. At each site, surface waters and shallow groundwaters were sampled and analysed for dissolved metals (including Al, Cu, Zn, Mn, Pb, Ni, and Cd), metalloids (As, Sb), major ions and anions. Samples of four selected mine waste tips were also gathered and subjected to a range of laboratory leaching experiments including the novel application of a dynamic upflow percolation test, based on an existing European method (CEN TS 14405). Leachates generated by the waste tips in the field were highly variable and elevated with respect to EQS for Al (up to 1850 μmol L-1), Cu (570 μmol L-1), Zn (34 μmol L-1), Ni (3.8 μmol L-1), Cd (0.17 μmol L-1), Mn (216 μmol L-1), Fe(537 μmol L-1) , As (380 μmol L-1) and Sb (5.4 μmol L-1). Estimated annual fluxes of dissolved metals were predicted using average rainfall data and catchment areas calculated in ArcHydro9 to estimate the annual discharge of waters from the tip. These calculations showed annual contaminant flux from the tips to exceed, or be of the same order of magnitude to, major adit discharges in the catchment (e.g. Cu 50900-66900 mol y-1 at DGC and 470 mol y-1 Cd at WB) and represented a significant contributor to metal flux in the Tamar catchment. Primary sulphide minerals in the waste were generally highly altered and metals (Pb, Cu, Zn, and Mn) and As were found to be strongly associated with secondary iron minerals, precipitated under oxic conditions. In finer wastes, sorption to clay minerals was also found to be very important for the retention of dissolved metals, particularly Pb. Concentrations of contaminants in column field leachates were similar for most metals (Cu, Zn, Mn, Ni and Cd) and may provide a useful tool for prediction of leachate composition. However, sorption and release of metals and As to the secondary phases and clays were highly…
Subjects/Keywords: 577.27; Acid Mine Drainage : Geochemistry : GIS : Environmental Risk Assessment : Tamar Catchment : Mine Waste : Water Pollution
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APA (6th Edition):
Turner, A. J. M. (2011). Diffuse minewater pollution : quantification and risk assessment in the Tamar catchment. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Plymouth. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/891
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Turner, Alison Jean May. “Diffuse minewater pollution : quantification and risk assessment in the Tamar catchment.” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Plymouth. Accessed April 17, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/891.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Turner, Alison Jean May. “Diffuse minewater pollution : quantification and risk assessment in the Tamar catchment.” 2011. Web. 17 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Turner AJM. Diffuse minewater pollution : quantification and risk assessment in the Tamar catchment. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Plymouth; 2011. [cited 2021 Apr 17].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/891.
Council of Science Editors:
Turner AJM. Diffuse minewater pollution : quantification and risk assessment in the Tamar catchment. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Plymouth; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/891
Royal Roads University
30.
Peterson, Ryan.
Passive treatment of acid mine drainage with sulphate reducing bacteria
.
Degree: 2013, Royal Roads University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10170/591
► This research was completed to assess passive treatment methods for mitigation of acid mine drainage (AMD) at a former mine site in British Columbia. The…
(more)
▼ This research was completed to assess passive treatment methods for mitigation of
acid mine drainage (AMD) at a former
mine site in British Columbia. The objectives were to determine if suitable passive treatment methods were available, and if concentrations of Cd, Zn, and other key contaminants in groundwater could be reduced to below regulatory standards during bench-scale testing. Biological treatment with sulphate reducing bacteria (SRB) was selected, and bench-scale treatment testing was conducted using columns amended with low cost organic sources. Removal of more than 99% Cd, 93% Co, 96 % Cu, 86% Ni and 98% Zn was observed, resulting in metals concentrations in treated effluent consistently lower than applicable groundwater standards. Sustainability attributes of treatment with SRB and the potential to recover valuable metals are discussed, and recommendations for further testing and implementation are provided.
Advisors/Committee Members: Dodd, Matt (advisor), Noble, Michael-Anne (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: acid mine drainage;
bioreactor;
passive treatment;
sulphate-reducing bacteria
Record Details
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Record Details
Similar Records
Cite
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Peterson, R. (2013). Passive treatment of acid mine drainage with sulphate reducing bacteria
. (Thesis). Royal Roads University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10170/591
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Peterson, Ryan. “Passive treatment of acid mine drainage with sulphate reducing bacteria
.” 2013. Thesis, Royal Roads University. Accessed April 17, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10170/591.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Peterson, Ryan. “Passive treatment of acid mine drainage with sulphate reducing bacteria
.” 2013. Web. 17 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Peterson R. Passive treatment of acid mine drainage with sulphate reducing bacteria
. [Internet] [Thesis]. Royal Roads University; 2013. [cited 2021 Apr 17].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10170/591.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Peterson R. Passive treatment of acid mine drainage with sulphate reducing bacteria
. [Thesis]. Royal Roads University; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10170/591
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
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Open Access Theses and Dissertations
