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Aston University
1.
Frattini, Lucia.
Polyoxometalates as solid acid catalysts for sustainable chemistry.
Degree: PhD, 2017, Aston University
URL: http://publications.aston.ac.uk/id/eprint/33384/ 
;
https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.742485
► Polyoxometalates, also known as heteropolyacids (HPA), are solid acids widely utilised in heterogeneous catalysis. The physicochemical properties of HPAs facilitate surface-type or bulk-type reactions, dependent…
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▼ Polyoxometalates, also known as heteropolyacids (HPA), are solid acids widely utilised in heterogeneous catalysis. The physicochemical properties of HPAs facilitate surface-type or bulk-type reactions, dependent on substrate polarity. For the latter, the gas-phase dehydration of ethanol was investigated representing an environmentally friendly solution to produce bio-ethylene, a key compound to the chemical industry; while for the former, the solventless liquid-phase isomerisation of α-pinene was studied due to the widespread applications of its derivates. Supported HPAs, exhibiting the Keggin structure, were prepared on commercial low surface area fumed silica and mesoporous high surface area SBA-15 via wet impregnation technique to elucidate structure-activity behaviours in both catalytic systems relative to their bulk equivalents. In addition, different types of HPAs, phosphotungstic acid (HPW), silicotungstic acid (HSiW) and phosphomolybdic acid (HPMo), were studied to observe the role of acid strength on product distribution. The successful synthesis of supported HPAs was confirmed by multiple characterisation techniques, revealing an inverse relationship between loading and dispersion which is further promoted through the use of mesoporous SBA-15 as the support, whereas non-porous fumed silica induced agglomeration which in turn increases the degree of crystalline water present in the HPAs. n-Propylamine TPD evaluated acid strength decreases in the order of HPW > HSiW > HPMo, which is independent of support. Support choice did not influence selectivity in either reaction, but did impact greatly on catalytic activity, imparting significant reaction rate and turnover frequency enhancement. For surface-type reaction, SBA-15 showed to be the optimal support due to greater active sites accessibility, whereas in the case of the bulk-type reaction, the fumed silica based materials, with larger 3D HPAs structures, even at low loadings, showed superior performance. Product distributions were affected through the choice of HPA, with higher selectivity towards camphene, for α-pinene isomerisation, and ethylene, for ethanol dehydration, observed over the HPW catalysts.
Subjects/Keywords: 661
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APA (6th Edition):
Frattini, L. (2017). Polyoxometalates as solid acid catalysts for sustainable chemistry. (Doctoral Dissertation). Aston University. Retrieved from http://publications.aston.ac.uk/id/eprint/33384/ ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.742485
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Frattini, Lucia. “Polyoxometalates as solid acid catalysts for sustainable chemistry.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, Aston University. Accessed January 24, 2021.
http://publications.aston.ac.uk/id/eprint/33384/ ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.742485.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Frattini, Lucia. “Polyoxometalates as solid acid catalysts for sustainable chemistry.” 2017. Web. 24 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Frattini L. Polyoxometalates as solid acid catalysts for sustainable chemistry. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Aston University; 2017. [cited 2021 Jan 24].
Available from: http://publications.aston.ac.uk/id/eprint/33384/ ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.742485.
Council of Science Editors:
Frattini L. Polyoxometalates as solid acid catalysts for sustainable chemistry. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Aston University; 2017. Available from: http://publications.aston.ac.uk/id/eprint/33384/ ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.742485
University College London (University of London)
2.
Pugh, D. C.
Modified metal oxide gas sensors for the detection of clandestine chemistry locations.
Degree: PhD, 2018, University College London (University of London)
URL: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10043630/
;
https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.747365
► Clandestine laboratories are locations where chemistry is carried out in secret, often with the intent to produce illegal drugs or other controlled substances. These laboratories…
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▼ Clandestine laboratories are locations where chemistry is carried out in secret, often with the intent to produce illegal drugs or other controlled substances. These laboratories are unregulated and not maintained to a good laboratory standard, presenting a risk to first responders, bystanders and the environment. Electronic noses based on metal oxide semiconducting (MOS) gas sensors present a potential technology to create devices for the detection of clandestine activity. A range of sensors based on zinc oxide, chromium titanate and vanadium pentoxide have been manufactured and modified using zeolite material and metal ion doping. Sensor fabrication took place using a commercially available screen printer, a 3 x 3 mm alumina substrate containing interdigitated electrodes and a platinum heater track. Allmaterials were modified with the protonated forms of zeolite beta, Y, mordenite and ZSM5, by incorporating these materials into the metal oxide to make up 30 % of the total ink. Zinc oxide was also modified by indium doping; doping levels were set at 0.2, 0.5, 1 and 3-mol % indium. These materials were synthesised using a co-precipitation method. Sensors were exposed to a range of gases at operating temperatures between 250 and 500°C and concentrations between 50 ppb and 80 ppm. All tests were conducted on an in house testing rig, consisting of a 12-port sensing chamber, four mass flow controllers, six solenoid vales and supplies of compressed air and analyte gas. Modification of sensors was found to improve their responsiveness, compared to the control sensors, in almost all cases. This is due to a combination of surface area enhancements, increased adsorption of material and a more accessible microstructure. Machine learning techniques were applied to the sensor data to correctly classify the class of gas observed and to assess the overall sensor performance of each material. A high level of accuracy was achieved in determining the class of gas observed.
Subjects/Keywords: 661
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APA (6th Edition):
Pugh, D. C. (2018). Modified metal oxide gas sensors for the detection of clandestine chemistry locations. (Doctoral Dissertation). University College London (University of London). Retrieved from https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10043630/ ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.747365
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Pugh, D C. “Modified metal oxide gas sensors for the detection of clandestine chemistry locations.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, University College London (University of London). Accessed January 24, 2021.
https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10043630/ ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.747365.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Pugh, D C. “Modified metal oxide gas sensors for the detection of clandestine chemistry locations.” 2018. Web. 24 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Pugh DC. Modified metal oxide gas sensors for the detection of clandestine chemistry locations. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University College London (University of London); 2018. [cited 2021 Jan 24].
Available from: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10043630/ ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.747365.
Council of Science Editors:
Pugh DC. Modified metal oxide gas sensors for the detection of clandestine chemistry locations. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University College London (University of London); 2018. Available from: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10043630/ ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.747365
University of Newcastle upon Tyne
3.
Masngut, Nasratun.
A study of butanol production in a batch oscillatory baffled bioreactor.
Degree: PhD, 2013, University of Newcastle upon Tyne
URL: http://theses.ncl.ac.uk/jspui/handle/10443/2321
;
https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.618194
► As with many bioprocesses, the acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation faces a number of economic drawbacks when compared to the petrochemical route for butanol production. In the…
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▼ As with many bioprocesses, the acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation faces a number of economic drawbacks when compared to the petrochemical route for butanol production. In the 1920s biobutanol was the second largest biotechnology industry, after bioethanol production. However it became difficult to compete against the petrochemical route for reasons including the low product butanol concentration, because of product inhibition resulted in low butanol productivity and due to slow fermentation and low ABE yields. These lead to uneconomical butanol recovery by the conventional method, distillation, due to the high degree of dilution. Recent interest in biobutanol as a biofuel has led to re-examination of ABE fermentation with the aim of improving solvent yield, volumetric productivity and final solvent concentration to reduce the cost of production and thereby produce biobutanol that is cost-competitive with the chemical synthesis butanol. ABE fermentations were carried out in an intensified plug flow reactor known as the batch oscillatory baffled bioreactor (BOBB). The “BOBB”s were designed and built for this project. The effect of oscillatory flow mixing on ABE fermentation was compared to that of conventional stirred tank reactors (STRs) at power densities in the range 0 to 1.14 Wm⁻³. The maximum butanol concentration in this range in a BOBB was 34% higher than the STR. Some increase in butanol productivity was also observed: 0.13 gL⁻¹h⁻¹ in BOBBs, compared to 0.11 gL⁻¹h⁻¹ in the STRs. It can be concluded that at similar power densities, BOBB fermentation shifts to solventogenesis earlier than in STRs, resulting in higher solvent productivity. It is hypothesised that the reason for early solventogenesis in the BOBB was the higher solvent-producing cell concentration, due to the more uniform shear field in the BOBB, so the cell would be less exposed to high shear thereby reducing the risk of cell lysis. Two-stage ABE fermentations in BOBB increased the butanol productivity by up to 37.5% over the one-stage fermentation. Butanol productivity was further increased by 97% when gas stripping was integrated to the two-stage ABE fermentation. While the one-stage fermentation integrated with gas stripping increased the butanol productivity by 69% to 0.12 gL⁻¹h⁻¹ (as opposed to 0.071 gL⁻¹h⁻¹ in a similar fermentation without gas stripping). A simple model to describe the one-stage at oscillatory Reynolds number (Re₀) 0 and 938, and the two-stage ABE fermentation in BOBB II was developed. The model summarizes the physiological aspects of growth and metabolite synthesis by Clostridium GBL1082. The prediction of the models were in good agreement with experimental results incorporating mixing (Re₀938) and moderately agreed with results from Re₀0 and the two-stage fermentation.
Subjects/Keywords: 661
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APA (6th Edition):
Masngut, N. (2013). A study of butanol production in a batch oscillatory baffled bioreactor. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Newcastle upon Tyne. Retrieved from http://theses.ncl.ac.uk/jspui/handle/10443/2321 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.618194
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Masngut, Nasratun. “A study of butanol production in a batch oscillatory baffled bioreactor.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Newcastle upon Tyne. Accessed January 24, 2021.
http://theses.ncl.ac.uk/jspui/handle/10443/2321 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.618194.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Masngut, Nasratun. “A study of butanol production in a batch oscillatory baffled bioreactor.” 2013. Web. 24 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Masngut N. A study of butanol production in a batch oscillatory baffled bioreactor. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Newcastle upon Tyne; 2013. [cited 2021 Jan 24].
Available from: http://theses.ncl.ac.uk/jspui/handle/10443/2321 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.618194.
Council of Science Editors:
Masngut N. A study of butanol production in a batch oscillatory baffled bioreactor. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Newcastle upon Tyne; 2013. Available from: http://theses.ncl.ac.uk/jspui/handle/10443/2321 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.618194
4.
Liu, Kai.
Catalytic hydrodeoxygenation of bio-oil and model compounds.
Degree: PhD, 2016, Imperial College London
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/51555
► The upgrading of the Norwegian spruce derived bio-oil was carried out in a batch reactor with conditions of 50 bar H2 (cold) and 3 to…
(more)
▼ The upgrading of the Norwegian spruce derived bio-oil was carried out in a batch reactor with conditions of 50 bar H2 (cold) and 3 to 13 hr of batch time at 175 to 250 ℃. The emphasis was given on the effect of operating conditions on the hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) performance of unsupported NiMo nano sulphide catalysts. It is found that the degree of deoxygenation of the bio-oil increases and that of hydrogenation of the upgraded products declines with increasing the reaction temperature. The addition of sulphur to prevent the nanosulphide catalyst leaching problem is not essential. Extending the batch time produces more saturated products with less oxygen content, but it can be optimised as the deoxygenation reaction rate decreases along the time. As for HDO solvent, dodecane is preferred comparing with tetralin. The HDO of p-cresol over Co/Al2O3 and Ni/Al2O3 catalysts at 250 to 375 ℃ and 50 bar of H2 (hot) in a batch reactor gives 4-methylcyclohexanol, methylcyclohexane and toluene as the major products. Both catalysts are active leading to almost complete conversion (≥98%) of p-cresol at all temperatures. The degree of deoxygenation and the product distribution of toluene increases with temperature. Toluene can be produced by the direct deoxygenation of p-cresol and by the disproportionation of methylcyclohexenes at high temperature (i.e. 375 ℃). Sulphur suppresses the HDO of p-cresol. It deactivates the hydrogenation sites but does not appear to be a poison for the hydrogenolysis sites. Same conditions were used for the HDO of guaiacol, except the H2 pressure being used was 40 bar (cold). Dominant products are cyclohexanol, methoxycyclohexanols and cyclohexane at 300 ℃ and below and those at 325 ℃ and above are cyclohexane, benzene and ring contraction products (i.e. cyclopentane and methylcyclopentane). High temperatures facilitate deoxygenation and benzene production. As the temperature increases, the methoxyl group is firstly removed and then the hydroxyl group. At 350 ℃, reducing the pressure from 40 bar (cold) to 20 bar (cold) increases the benzene product distribution from 2 wt% to 40 wt%. Sulphur has a detrimental effect on the HDO of guaiacol. Catechol is the main product from guaiacol in the presence of sulphur.
Subjects/Keywords: 661
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APA (6th Edition):
Liu, K. (2016). Catalytic hydrodeoxygenation of bio-oil and model compounds. (Doctoral Dissertation). Imperial College London. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/51555
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Liu, Kai. “Catalytic hydrodeoxygenation of bio-oil and model compounds.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, Imperial College London. Accessed January 24, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/51555.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Liu, Kai. “Catalytic hydrodeoxygenation of bio-oil and model compounds.” 2016. Web. 24 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Liu K. Catalytic hydrodeoxygenation of bio-oil and model compounds. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Imperial College London; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 24].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/51555.
Council of Science Editors:
Liu K. Catalytic hydrodeoxygenation of bio-oil and model compounds. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Imperial College London; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/51555
University of York
5.
Sherwood, James.
Bio-based solvents for organic synthesis.
Degree: PhD, 2013, University of York
URL: http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/4999/
;
http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.589317
► Scrutiny over solvent selection in the chemical industry has risen in recent decades, popularising research into neoteric solvent systems such as ionic liquids and supercritical…
(more)
▼ Scrutiny over solvent selection in the chemical industry has risen in recent decades, popularising research into neoteric solvent systems such as ionic liquids and supercritical fluids. More recently bio-based solvent products have been considered as replacements for conventional petroleum derived solvents. Because they bear a close resemblance to existing solvent products, bio-based solvents can be readily absorbed into the fine chemical industries. This work develops a methodology for identifying reactions of concern with respect to current solvent selection practice, and then implementing a high performance bio-based solvent substitute. In this thesis, kinetic studies of heteroatom alkylation, amidation, and esterification are documented, and the solvent effect dictating the rate of each reaction ascertained. With the ideal properties for the solvent known, bio-based solvent candidates were screened for suitability in each case study. This process, which employs computational tools, was also applied to model the productivity of the Biginelli reaction as a representative multi-component heterocycle synthesis. A strong case is made for limonene and p-cymene as bio-based solvents for all but heteroatom alkylation from the case studies listed above. Alkylations with nitrogen nucleophiles are instead suited to high polarity solvents, and to this end some bio-based amides were investigated.
Subjects/Keywords: 661
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APA (6th Edition):
Sherwood, J. (2013). Bio-based solvents for organic synthesis. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of York. Retrieved from http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/4999/ ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.589317
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Sherwood, James. “Bio-based solvents for organic synthesis.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, University of York. Accessed January 24, 2021.
http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/4999/ ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.589317.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Sherwood, James. “Bio-based solvents for organic synthesis.” 2013. Web. 24 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Sherwood J. Bio-based solvents for organic synthesis. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of York; 2013. [cited 2021 Jan 24].
Available from: http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/4999/ ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.589317.
Council of Science Editors:
Sherwood J. Bio-based solvents for organic synthesis. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of York; 2013. Available from: http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/4999/ ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.589317
University of Oxford
6.
Liu, Bonan.
Methanol conversion to hydrocarbons via acidic catalysts.
Degree: PhD, 2016, University of Oxford
URL: http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:2314ba14-8367-4334-8f53-2ec1c05f0e16
;
https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.728945
► Methanol has long been advanced as a high-energy-density, widely-obtained (from non-oil sources such as coal, and biomass) material with potential as a replacement for the…
(more)
▼ Methanol has long been advanced as a high-energy-density, widely-obtained (from non-oil sources such as coal, and biomass) material with potential as a replacement for the limitedly-distributed, finite-in-current-storage oil resources. Given the fact that effective methanol conversion has been observed over the acidic, zeolite based catalytic materials, e.g. H-ZSM-5, since the 1970s, it is almost certain that extra catalytic properties, such as an enhanced C-H bond activation, govern by the introduced non-zeolitic promoters, e.g. metal oxide species, could further modify the reaction pathways, with potentially-achievable, lower energy costs, higher selectivity (or yields) to many valuable hydrocarbon products (e.g. olefins) and other benefits. On the other hand, a big step is to successful convert the laboratory achievements, e.g. a selected good performance zeolite sample, into the larger-scale applications. Such a process requires the involvement of catalyst binders, and when zeolite particle comes to the nano-scale, the corporation of binder phases, e.g. Al2O3, with the parent nano zeolite plays the most important role in determining the following methanol conversion. Another critical issue is the binder-incorporated, shaped zeolite catalysts would be better tested in larger reactors which are not often seen in the regular laboratory, and the scale-up also increases the research budgets. It should be mentioned that catalyst deactivation is another crucial limitation in this research area; particularly, the reaction formed cokes especially the higher-density, and deeply dehydrogenated graphitized compounds deopsiting deeply inside the zeolite cavities/channels give many difficulties not only in the effective methanol conversion but also in detecting and measuring their quantity and compositions. This thesis aims to help in solving the above mentioned challenges in an effective methanol catalytic conversion, and can be accordingly divided into 3 aspects: 1) a method to further improve the C-H bond activations for higher olefin and aromatic yields, via modification of H-ZSM-5 (Si/Al=25, industrial) with MoO3 promoters, prepared at a lower-than-usual temperature of 400 °C (routinely 500 °C or higher temperatures are employed for the calcination of metal oxide modified zeolites); 2) an attempt to scale up the laboratory methanol-to-hydrocarbon reaction, obtained over Al2O3 incorporated nano H-ZSM-5 samples (the parent nano zeolites have Si/Al ratios of 20, 60 and 120), with a customized larger fixed-bed reactor that allows catalyst loadings of 20g packed in the shaped forms; 3) a technique based on microwave perturbation measurements in a resonant cavity, inside which coked zeolite samples are analyzed, and different coking levels as well as coke compositions are evaluated based on the sample dielectric loss values that can be calculated from the measured perturbation data. Our efforts herein are made for the soul of "Science should be applied", for a sustainable future, in a great certain to be sparked by the…
Subjects/Keywords: 661
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APA (6th Edition):
Liu, B. (2016). Methanol conversion to hydrocarbons via acidic catalysts. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Oxford. Retrieved from http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:2314ba14-8367-4334-8f53-2ec1c05f0e16 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.728945
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Liu, Bonan. “Methanol conversion to hydrocarbons via acidic catalysts.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Oxford. Accessed January 24, 2021.
http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:2314ba14-8367-4334-8f53-2ec1c05f0e16 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.728945.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Liu, Bonan. “Methanol conversion to hydrocarbons via acidic catalysts.” 2016. Web. 24 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Liu B. Methanol conversion to hydrocarbons via acidic catalysts. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Oxford; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 24].
Available from: http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:2314ba14-8367-4334-8f53-2ec1c05f0e16 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.728945.
Council of Science Editors:
Liu B. Methanol conversion to hydrocarbons via acidic catalysts. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Oxford; 2016. Available from: http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:2314ba14-8367-4334-8f53-2ec1c05f0e16 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.728945
University of Leicester
7.
Fullarton, Claire.
Working towards a new sustainable rechargeable battery : zinc, conducting polymer and deep eutectic solvent system.
Degree: PhD, 2015, University of Leicester
URL: https://figshare.com/articles/Working_towards_a_New_Sustainable_Rechargeable_Battery_Zinc_Conducting_Polymer_and_Deep_Eutectic_Solvent_System/10181867
;
https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.697415
► Electronically conducting polymers based on functionalised thiophenes and pyrroles have continued to stimulate academic interest as well as starting to be employed in practical applications…
(more)
▼ Electronically conducting polymers based on functionalised thiophenes and pyrroles have continued to stimulate academic interest as well as starting to be employed in practical applications and uses. This thesis describes studies of the electronic properties of mixed thiophene-pyrrole polymers (based on custom synthesised mixed monomer precursors) and polymers electrodeposited from commercially available monomers, pyrrole and 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene, in respect to energy storage applications including batteries and ion selective membranes. In such applications the movement of ion and solvent through the polymer film during oxidation and reduction cycles is critical to application and function, e.g. charging rate, metal ion permeability or adhesion stability. Recently the unexpected behaviour of polypyrrole in choline chloride based ionic liquids has been described. These liquids are especially attractive because of their unique solubility profiles, high stability, low volatility and low toxicity. This thesis describes the electrochemical characterisation, DC capacitance behaviour and ion/solvent transport properties of conducting polymers using a range of electrochemical methodologies in combination with acoustic impedance electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance techniques (EQCM) and X-Ray Photo-electron Spectroscopy (XPS). The behaviour of several mixed thiophene-pyrrole films, polypyrrole and poly 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene in different electrolyte media; deep eutectic solvents (DESs), conventional organic solvents and aqueous media are contrasted in this thesis. PEDOT and one of the mixed thiophene-pyrrole polymers (poly 2-(thiophene-2-yl)-1H pyrrole) gave the highest DC capacitances of the polymers investigated, with high values observed in both choline chloride based (Type III) and zinc based (Type IV) DESs. The ion dynamics of the polymers p-doping in the DESs, observed to fit gravimetric data recorded, was able to show a marked difference in the ion transfers between DES types and a conventional organic solvent, acetonitrile. Both polymers in acetonitrile and the zinc based DES (ZnCl2 / EG) satisfied the electro-neutrality condition through dominance of anion transfers. Whereas, polymers in the choline chloride based DES (Ethaline) satisfied the electro-neutrality condition through dominance of choline cation transfers (in the opposite direction to anion transfers). This research involved work towards the development of a new class of rechargeable batteries based on a Zinc-Polymer system incorporating a novel, inexpensive, environmentally sustainable solvent. This work is necessitated by the problems associated with petrol and diesel powered vehicles and the limitations of batteries available for electric vehicles.
Subjects/Keywords: 661
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APA (6th Edition):
Fullarton, C. (2015). Working towards a new sustainable rechargeable battery : zinc, conducting polymer and deep eutectic solvent system. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Leicester. Retrieved from https://figshare.com/articles/Working_towards_a_New_Sustainable_Rechargeable_Battery_Zinc_Conducting_Polymer_and_Deep_Eutectic_Solvent_System/10181867 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.697415
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Fullarton, Claire. “Working towards a new sustainable rechargeable battery : zinc, conducting polymer and deep eutectic solvent system.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Leicester. Accessed January 24, 2021.
https://figshare.com/articles/Working_towards_a_New_Sustainable_Rechargeable_Battery_Zinc_Conducting_Polymer_and_Deep_Eutectic_Solvent_System/10181867 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.697415.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Fullarton, Claire. “Working towards a new sustainable rechargeable battery : zinc, conducting polymer and deep eutectic solvent system.” 2015. Web. 24 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Fullarton C. Working towards a new sustainable rechargeable battery : zinc, conducting polymer and deep eutectic solvent system. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Leicester; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 24].
Available from: https://figshare.com/articles/Working_towards_a_New_Sustainable_Rechargeable_Battery_Zinc_Conducting_Polymer_and_Deep_Eutectic_Solvent_System/10181867 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.697415.
Council of Science Editors:
Fullarton C. Working towards a new sustainable rechargeable battery : zinc, conducting polymer and deep eutectic solvent system. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Leicester; 2015. Available from: https://figshare.com/articles/Working_towards_a_New_Sustainable_Rechargeable_Battery_Zinc_Conducting_Polymer_and_Deep_Eutectic_Solvent_System/10181867 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.697415
8.
Hassan, Nur Hasyareeda.
How do non-coordinating anions in ionic liquids coordinate to metal centres?.
Degree: PhD, 2012, Imperial College London
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/9922
► Green Chemistry aims to modify chemical processes so that they are more friendly to the environment. The 9th principle of Green Chemistry emphasises the use…
(more)
▼ Green Chemistry aims to modify chemical processes so that they are more friendly to the environment. The 9th principle of Green Chemistry emphasises the use of catalytic reagents in chemical processes. One way in which ionic liquids can implement this principle is in two-phase catalytic processes. A major drawback of homogenous catalysis processes is associated with the separation of the catalyst from the products. This can be solved by the use of biphasic catalysis, in which the catalyst can be reused several times without any significant changes in its catalytic performance. However, it is vital to understand how catalysts interact with the solvents in a biphasic solvent system. On one hand, it is advantageous to use an ionic form of catalyst (e.g Cu2+) because this improves the retention of the catalyst in the ionic liquid. However, using charged ions affects their catalytic performance, because their coordination characteristics are changed. Many catalysts are transition metal complexes. Therefore, a solvatochromic transition metal is an ideal probe to study the behaviour of ionic liquid, specifically how do the non-coordinating anions in ionic liquids coordinate to metal centres? In this thesis, a set of solvatochromic copper complexes with different charges were synthesised and characterised. The monocationic complexes had the form [Cu(acac)(tmen)]X (acac = acetylacetonate, tmen = tetramethylethylenediamine) where X were Cl⁻, [NO3]⁻, [SCN]⁻, [OTf]⁻, [NTf2]⁻ and [PF6]⁻. The neutral complex was Cu(hfac)2 (hfac = hexafluoroacetonate). A set of non-functionalised ionic liquids and functionalised ionic liquids (FIL) containing hydroxyl, nitrile and ketone groups were also synthesised and characterised. The Kamlet-Taft multi parameter polarity scales were used to study the solvent-solute interactions of the ionic liquids by means of dipolarity/polarizability (π*), hydrogen bond donating ability (α) and hydrogen bond accepting ability (β). The UV-Vis absorption spectra of the complexes were measured in solid state, dichloroethane and ionic liquid solutions. Analysis of these spectra suggested all these weakly coordinating anions coordinate with the copper centre in a different manner depending on the How do Non-coordinating Anions in Ionic Liquids coordinate to Metal Centres coordinating ability of the anion and also the charge of the copper centre. The coordination mode and the order of binding strength for the individual anions were fully studied and analysed. The correlation between νmax and solvent donor number was investigated by measuring UV-vis spectra in a range of molecular solvents, and was used to predict the donor numbers of the ionic liquid solvents. The apparent donor number of ionic liquids was also predicted using the value from the spectra measured in ionic liquids. The effect of functionalised groups in ionic liquids on donor ability has also been investigated by comparing the results from non-functionalied and functionalised ionic liquids.
Subjects/Keywords: 661
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APA (6th Edition):
Hassan, N. H. (2012). How do non-coordinating anions in ionic liquids coordinate to metal centres?. (Doctoral Dissertation). Imperial College London. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/9922
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Hassan, Nur Hasyareeda. “How do non-coordinating anions in ionic liquids coordinate to metal centres?.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, Imperial College London. Accessed January 24, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/9922.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Hassan, Nur Hasyareeda. “How do non-coordinating anions in ionic liquids coordinate to metal centres?.” 2012. Web. 24 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Hassan NH. How do non-coordinating anions in ionic liquids coordinate to metal centres?. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Imperial College London; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 24].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/9922.
Council of Science Editors:
Hassan NH. How do non-coordinating anions in ionic liquids coordinate to metal centres?. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Imperial College London; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/9922
9.
Nastase, Raluca-Andreea.
Préparation de nanocelluloses aux propriétés interfaciales innovantes fonctionnalisées par traitement plasma non thermique à pression atmosphérique : Preparation of nanocelluloses with innovative interfacial properties functionalized by non-thermal plasma treatment at atmospheric pressure.
Degree: Docteur es, Génie des procédés agroalimentaires, 2019, Nantes
URL: http://www.theses.fr/2019NANT4006
► En tant qu’alternative aux ressources fossiles, la cellulose se place idéalement pour obtenir des matériaux durables et largement disponibles. Dans le but de respecter les…
(more)
▼ En tant qu’alternative aux ressources fossiles, la cellulose se place idéalement pour obtenir des matériaux durables et largement disponibles. Dans le but de respecter les contraintes environnementales, l’efficacité économique et d’être moins préjudiciables à la santé humaine, la technologie plasma non thermique est proposée comme méthode pour la fonctionnalisation et la valorisation des nanocelluloses. Cette technologie ne requiert pas ou peu de réactifs réactionnels, nécessite uniquement un apport énergétique et un flux de gaz. L’élaboration d’un nouveau réacteur a permis la modification de nanocelluloses dispersées en milieu aqueux par la génération d’espèces chimiques hautement réactives à température ambiante. La mise en oeuvre des réactions par plasma en milieu liquide, en utilisant plusieurs solvants aqueux et gaz (N₂, O₂, air, NHᴣ>) a conduit à des fonctionnalisations spécifiques comme oxydation, amination, etc. La grande réactivité du plasma permet l’activation des molécules sans faire appel à des méthodes polluantes ou coûteuses. En raison de son efficacité, sa facilité de mise en oeuvre et de sa faible consommation énergétique, la modification de nanocelluloses par plasma non thermique à pression atmosphérique ouvre de nouvelles voies pour les modifications chimiques de la biomasse.
As an alternative to fossil source, cellulose is ideally placed to obtain sustainable and available materials. In order to respect the environmental constraints, the economic efficiency and to be less detrimental to human health, non-thermal plasma technology is proposed as a method for the nanocellulose functionalization and valorisation. This technology that requires no or few reagents, needs only an energy supply and a gas flow to lead to the modification of nanocellulose by generating highly reactive species at room temperature. The implementation of the reactions by plasma has been carried out in liquid media, using several aqueous solvents and gases (N₂, O₂, air, NHᴣ), their chemical nature allowing access to specific functionalizations such as oxidation, amination, etc. The high reactivity of plasma allows the activation of molecules without using polluting or expensive methods. Because of its efficiency, its ease of implementation and its low energy consumption, the modification of nanocellulose by non-thermal plasma at atmospheric pressure will open new ways to innovative chemical modification of biomass.
Advisors/Committee Members: Capron, Isabelle (thesis director), Fourré, Élodie (thesis director).
Subjects/Keywords: –; 661
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APA (6th Edition):
Nastase, R. (2019). Préparation de nanocelluloses aux propriétés interfaciales innovantes fonctionnalisées par traitement plasma non thermique à pression atmosphérique : Preparation of nanocelluloses with innovative interfacial properties functionalized by non-thermal plasma treatment at atmospheric pressure. (Doctoral Dissertation). Nantes. Retrieved from http://www.theses.fr/2019NANT4006
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Nastase, Raluca-Andreea. “Préparation de nanocelluloses aux propriétés interfaciales innovantes fonctionnalisées par traitement plasma non thermique à pression atmosphérique : Preparation of nanocelluloses with innovative interfacial properties functionalized by non-thermal plasma treatment at atmospheric pressure.” 2019. Doctoral Dissertation, Nantes. Accessed January 24, 2021.
http://www.theses.fr/2019NANT4006.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Nastase, Raluca-Andreea. “Préparation de nanocelluloses aux propriétés interfaciales innovantes fonctionnalisées par traitement plasma non thermique à pression atmosphérique : Preparation of nanocelluloses with innovative interfacial properties functionalized by non-thermal plasma treatment at atmospheric pressure.” 2019. Web. 24 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Nastase R. Préparation de nanocelluloses aux propriétés interfaciales innovantes fonctionnalisées par traitement plasma non thermique à pression atmosphérique : Preparation of nanocelluloses with innovative interfacial properties functionalized by non-thermal plasma treatment at atmospheric pressure. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Nantes; 2019. [cited 2021 Jan 24].
Available from: http://www.theses.fr/2019NANT4006.
Council of Science Editors:
Nastase R. Préparation de nanocelluloses aux propriétés interfaciales innovantes fonctionnalisées par traitement plasma non thermique à pression atmosphérique : Preparation of nanocelluloses with innovative interfacial properties functionalized by non-thermal plasma treatment at atmospheric pressure. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Nantes; 2019. Available from: http://www.theses.fr/2019NANT4006
10.
Gallacher, Christopher.
Environmental forensics of coal tar using two dimensional gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GCxGC-TOFMS).
Degree: PhD, 2016, University of Strathclyde
URL: http://digitool.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=27887
;
https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.707293
► Coal tars are complex mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds, which are dominated by PAHs and were produced as a by-product of the former manufactured…
(more)
▼ Coal tars are complex mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds, which are dominated by PAHs and were produced as a by-product of the former manufactured gas industry. Forensic analysis of coal tar samples was carried out using two dimensional gas chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GCxGC-TOFMS). This thesis first presents the application of existing multivariate statistical models developed using UK tar samples to tar samples from the USA as well as identifying 947 individual compounds present within the tars. This has important implications as this study demonstrated that statistical methods developed using UK tar samples can be successfully applied to non-UK tars. The thesis then presents the application of post extraction derivitisation to a creosote samples allowing for the detection of 255 compounds, the majority of which would not be detected without derivitisation. The analysis also detected 1505 individual compounds within the Creosote and provides the most comprehensive list of compounds detected within Creosote that has been produced. The analysis was also able to suggest the production process for the tar from which the Creosote was distilled. The use of both derivitisation and GCxGC were vital in providing this forensic information. The thesis then presents the analysis of 16 tar samples using GCxGC and post extraction derivitisation and the production of a database of 2373 individual compounds detected within the tar samples. The study showed that 163 individual compounds were present within all tar samples regardless of the production processused. This has important implications as environmental assessment usually focuses on a limited number of compounds, which could be expanded using the database presented within this thesis. Finally the thesis presented a study that analysed a sample of Pintsch Gas tar, which has never previously been analysed using a mass spectrometer and produced a unique dataset.
Subjects/Keywords: 661
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APA (6th Edition):
Gallacher, C. (2016). Environmental forensics of coal tar using two dimensional gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GCxGC-TOFMS). (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Strathclyde. Retrieved from http://digitool.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=27887 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.707293
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Gallacher, Christopher. “Environmental forensics of coal tar using two dimensional gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GCxGC-TOFMS).” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Strathclyde. Accessed January 24, 2021.
http://digitool.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=27887 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.707293.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Gallacher, Christopher. “Environmental forensics of coal tar using two dimensional gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GCxGC-TOFMS).” 2016. Web. 24 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Gallacher C. Environmental forensics of coal tar using two dimensional gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GCxGC-TOFMS). [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Strathclyde; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 24].
Available from: http://digitool.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=27887 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.707293.
Council of Science Editors:
Gallacher C. Environmental forensics of coal tar using two dimensional gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GCxGC-TOFMS). [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Strathclyde; 2016. Available from: http://digitool.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=27887 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.707293
11.
Hassan, Nur Hasyareeda.
How do non-coordinating anions in ionic liquids coordinate to metal centres?.
Degree: PhD, 2012, Imperial College London
URL: https://doi.org/10.25560/9922
;
https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.560677
► Green Chemistry aims to modify chemical processes so that they are more friendly to the environment. The 9th principle of Green Chemistry emphasises the use…
(more)
▼ Green Chemistry aims to modify chemical processes so that they are more friendly to the environment. The 9th principle of Green Chemistry emphasises the use of catalytic reagents in chemical processes. One way in which ionic liquids can implement this principle is in two-phase catalytic processes. A major drawback of homogenous catalysis processes is associated with the separation of the catalyst from the products. This can be solved by the use of biphasic catalysis, in which the catalyst can be reused several times without any significant changes in its catalytic performance. However, it is vital to understand how catalysts interact with the solvents in a biphasic solvent system. On one hand, it is advantageous to use an ionic form of catalyst (e.g Cu2+) because this improves the retention of the catalyst in the ionic liquid. However, using charged ions affects their catalytic performance, because their coordination characteristics are changed. Many catalysts are transition metal complexes. Therefore, a solvatochromic transition metal is an ideal probe to study the behaviour of ionic liquid, specifically how do the non-coordinating anions in ionic liquids coordinate to metal centres? In this thesis, a set of solvatochromic copper complexes with different charges were synthesised and characterised. The monocationic complexes had the form [Cu(acac)(tmen)]X (acac = acetylacetonate, tmen = tetramethylethylenediamine) where X were Cl⁻, [NO3]⁻, [SCN]⁻, [OTf]⁻, [NTf2]⁻ and [PF6]⁻. The neutral complex was Cu(hfac)2 (hfac = hexafluoroacetonate). A set of non-functionalised ionic liquids and functionalised ionic liquids (FIL) containing hydroxyl, nitrile and ketone groups were also synthesised and characterised. The Kamlet-Taft multi parameter polarity scales were used to study the solvent-solute interactions of the ionic liquids by means of dipolarity/polarizability (π*), hydrogen bond donating ability (α) and hydrogen bond accepting ability (β). The UV-Vis absorption spectra of the complexes were measured in solid state, dichloroethane and ionic liquid solutions. Analysis of these spectra suggested all these weakly coordinating anions coordinate with the copper centre in a different manner depending on the How do Non-coordinating Anions in Ionic Liquids coordinate to Metal Centres coordinating ability of the anion and also the charge of the copper centre. The coordination mode and the order of binding strength for the individual anions were fully studied and analysed. The correlation between νmax and solvent donor number was investigated by measuring UV-vis spectra in a range of molecular solvents, and was used to predict the donor numbers of the ionic liquid solvents. The apparent donor number of ionic liquids was also predicted using the value from the spectra measured in ionic liquids. The effect of functionalised groups in ionic liquids on donor ability has also been investigated by comparing the results from non-functionalied and functionalised ionic liquids.
Subjects/Keywords: 661
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APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
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CSE |
Export
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Hassan, N. H. (2012). How do non-coordinating anions in ionic liquids coordinate to metal centres?. (Doctoral Dissertation). Imperial College London. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.25560/9922 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.560677
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Hassan, Nur Hasyareeda. “How do non-coordinating anions in ionic liquids coordinate to metal centres?.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, Imperial College London. Accessed January 24, 2021.
https://doi.org/10.25560/9922 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.560677.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Hassan, Nur Hasyareeda. “How do non-coordinating anions in ionic liquids coordinate to metal centres?.” 2012. Web. 24 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Hassan NH. How do non-coordinating anions in ionic liquids coordinate to metal centres?. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Imperial College London; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 24].
Available from: https://doi.org/10.25560/9922 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.560677.
Council of Science Editors:
Hassan NH. How do non-coordinating anions in ionic liquids coordinate to metal centres?. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Imperial College London; 2012. Available from: https://doi.org/10.25560/9922 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.560677
12.
Liu, Kai.
Catalytic hydrodeoxygenation of bio-oil and model compounds.
Degree: PhD, 2016, Imperial College London
URL: https://doi.org/10.25560/51555
;
https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.724145
► The upgrading of the Norwegian spruce derived bio-oil was carried out in a batch reactor with conditions of 50 bar H2 (cold) and 3 to…
(more)
▼ The upgrading of the Norwegian spruce derived bio-oil was carried out in a batch reactor with conditions of 50 bar H2 (cold) and 3 to 13 hr of batch time at 175 to 250 ℃. The emphasis was given on the effect of operating conditions on the hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) performance of unsupported NiMo nano sulphide catalysts. It is found that the degree of deoxygenation of the bio-oil increases and that of hydrogenation of the upgraded products declines with increasing the reaction temperature. The addition of sulphur to prevent the nanosulphide catalyst leaching problem is not essential. Extending the batch time produces more saturated products with less oxygen content, but it can be optimised as the deoxygenation reaction rate decreases along the time. As for HDO solvent, dodecane is preferred comparing with tetralin. The HDO of p-cresol over Co/Al2O3 and Ni/Al2O3 catalysts at 250 to 375 ℃ and 50 bar of H2 (hot) in a batch reactor gives 4-methylcyclohexanol, methylcyclohexane and toluene as the major products. Both catalysts are active leading to almost complete conversion (≥98%) of p-cresol at all temperatures. The degree of deoxygenation and the product distribution of toluene increases with temperature. Toluene can be produced by the direct deoxygenation of p-cresol and by the disproportionation of methylcyclohexenes at high temperature (i.e. 375 ℃). Sulphur suppresses the HDO of p-cresol. It deactivates the hydrogenation sites but does not appear to be a poison for the hydrogenolysis sites. Same conditions were used for the HDO of guaiacol, except the H2 pressure being used was 40 bar (cold). Dominant products are cyclohexanol, methoxycyclohexanols and cyclohexane at 300 ℃ and below and those at 325 ℃ and above are cyclohexane, benzene and ring contraction products (i.e. cyclopentane and methylcyclopentane). High temperatures facilitate deoxygenation and benzene production. As the temperature increases, the methoxyl group is firstly removed and then the hydroxyl group. At 350 ℃, reducing the pressure from 40 bar (cold) to 20 bar (cold) increases the benzene product distribution from 2 wt% to 40 wt%. Sulphur has a detrimental effect on the HDO of guaiacol. Catechol is the main product from guaiacol in the presence of sulphur.
Subjects/Keywords: 661
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APA ·
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Export
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APA (6th Edition):
Liu, K. (2016). Catalytic hydrodeoxygenation of bio-oil and model compounds. (Doctoral Dissertation). Imperial College London. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.25560/51555 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.724145
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Liu, Kai. “Catalytic hydrodeoxygenation of bio-oil and model compounds.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, Imperial College London. Accessed January 24, 2021.
https://doi.org/10.25560/51555 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.724145.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Liu, Kai. “Catalytic hydrodeoxygenation of bio-oil and model compounds.” 2016. Web. 24 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Liu K. Catalytic hydrodeoxygenation of bio-oil and model compounds. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Imperial College London; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 24].
Available from: https://doi.org/10.25560/51555 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.724145.
Council of Science Editors:
Liu K. Catalytic hydrodeoxygenation of bio-oil and model compounds. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Imperial College London; 2016. Available from: https://doi.org/10.25560/51555 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.724145
Loughborough University
13.
Spencer, Denzil R. F.
The effect of oxide additions on the high-temperature properties of magnesia.
Degree: PhD, 1969, Loughborough University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2134/33791
► The object of this research was to determine the effect of additions from the CaO–MgO–SiO2 ternary phase system on the sintering behaviour of high purity…
(more)
▼ The object of this research was to determine the effect of additions from the CaO–MgO–SiO2 ternary phase system on the sintering behaviour of high purity magnesia. This system was chosen because it was relevant to the production of commercial refractory material used in steel manufacture. Additions of forsterite, monticellite, merwinite, dicalcium silicate, tricalcium silicate and calcium oxide were made to magnesia, having a total impurity content of 27 p.p.m. This was specially prepared by calcining at 800°C magnesium oxalate obtained by chemical means from pure magnesium metal. Mixtures were sintered between 1400°C and 1800°C for times between 0.1 and 8 hours, and the kinetics of their densification and crystal growth followed.
Subjects/Keywords: 661
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APA ·
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Export
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APA (6th Edition):
Spencer, D. R. F. (1969). The effect of oxide additions on the high-temperature properties of magnesia. (Doctoral Dissertation). Loughborough University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2134/33791
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Spencer, Denzil R F. “The effect of oxide additions on the high-temperature properties of magnesia.” 1969. Doctoral Dissertation, Loughborough University. Accessed January 24, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2134/33791.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Spencer, Denzil R F. “The effect of oxide additions on the high-temperature properties of magnesia.” 1969. Web. 24 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Spencer DRF. The effect of oxide additions on the high-temperature properties of magnesia. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Loughborough University; 1969. [cited 2021 Jan 24].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2134/33791.
Council of Science Editors:
Spencer DRF. The effect of oxide additions on the high-temperature properties of magnesia. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Loughborough University; 1969. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2134/33791
Durham University
14.
Lister, Sarah E.
Synthesis, structures and properties of inorganic framework materials.
Degree: PhD, 2008, Durham University
URL: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/2274/
;
http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.492904
► Chapter 1 reviews the literature on the structures and properties of inorganic framework materials that are of relevance to this thesis. In particular the phenomenon…
(more)
▼ Chapter 1 reviews the literature on the structures and properties of inorganic framework materials that are of relevance to this thesis. In particular the phenomenon of negative thermal expansion and the AM(_2)O(_8)/AM(_2)O(_7) families of materials are discussed. Chapter 2 describes the methods of synthesis and characterisation of the materials investigated in this thesis. Chapter 3 discusses the dehydration reaction of M(_o)O(_2).H(_2)O.PO(_3)OH. The study involved the introduction of a new methodology for whole pattern powder fitting; this method was later verified by full Rietveld analysis. This investigation led to the discovery and structure solution of two new molybdenum phosphates using powder XRD. These materials have been named β-(MoO(_2))(_2)P(_2)0(_7) and β -(Mo0(_2))(_2)P(_2)0(_7). A structural pathway for the dehydration reactions has been proposed which is consistent with all of these structures and other analytical data obtained. Chapter 4 describes investigations into the structures of a-(Mo02)2P207 by powder diffraction and NMR methods. The high temperature structure was confirmed to be related to a literature model. The low temperature structure was further studied by electron diffraction, second harmonic generation and solid state NMR. The use of these complementary techniques with powder X-ray and neutron diffraction data, led to the solution of the complex superstructure. Chapter 5 describes a study into the structures of (MoO)(_2)P(_4)0(_13). The material undergoes a phase transition at 523 K. The low temperature structure contains 441 unique atoms and as such is the most crystallographically complex oxide solved to date. The high temperature structure contains 253 unique atoms and is the second most complex oxide in the ICSD. Chapter 6 describes the in-situ X-ray studies on the synthesis of M0P(_2)O(_7) from precursors Mo0(_2)(P0(_3))(_2) and (MoO)(_2)P(_4)0(_13) in an H(_2) environment. (Mo0(_2))(_2)P(_2)0(_7) was studied under similar conditions and found to decompose to an unidentifiable poorly crystalline phase. Chapter 7 describes the discovery of a new high temperature synthetic route to cubic ZrMo(_2)0(_8) using extremely rapid time-resolved XRD data recorded at the ESRF. The cubic material forms from its constituent oxides at 1350 K and can be isolated back at room temperature using a quench cooling method. A pure phase sample can be prepared using a Zr0(_2):Mo0(_3) ratio of 1:3. The entire synthesis occurs within seconds and precise control of temperature and time is crucial for this synthesis.
Subjects/Keywords: 661
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APA (6th Edition):
Lister, S. E. (2008). Synthesis, structures and properties of inorganic framework materials. (Doctoral Dissertation). Durham University. Retrieved from http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/2274/ ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.492904
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Lister, Sarah E. “Synthesis, structures and properties of inorganic framework materials.” 2008. Doctoral Dissertation, Durham University. Accessed January 24, 2021.
http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/2274/ ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.492904.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Lister, Sarah E. “Synthesis, structures and properties of inorganic framework materials.” 2008. Web. 24 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Lister SE. Synthesis, structures and properties of inorganic framework materials. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Durham University; 2008. [cited 2021 Jan 24].
Available from: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/2274/ ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.492904.
Council of Science Editors:
Lister SE. Synthesis, structures and properties of inorganic framework materials. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Durham University; 2008. Available from: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/2274/ ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.492904
15.
Al-Ohaly, Abdul-Razzak.
Aspects of platinum metal phospine complexes.
Degree: PhD, 1979, University of Sussex
URL: https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.447616
Subjects/Keywords: 661
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APA (6th Edition):
Al-Ohaly, A. (1979). Aspects of platinum metal phospine complexes. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Sussex. Retrieved from https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.447616
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Al-Ohaly, Abdul-Razzak. “Aspects of platinum metal phospine complexes.” 1979. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Sussex. Accessed January 24, 2021.
https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.447616.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Al-Ohaly, Abdul-Razzak. “Aspects of platinum metal phospine complexes.” 1979. Web. 24 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Al-Ohaly A. Aspects of platinum metal phospine complexes. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Sussex; 1979. [cited 2021 Jan 24].
Available from: https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.447616.
Council of Science Editors:
Al-Ohaly A. Aspects of platinum metal phospine complexes. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Sussex; 1979. Available from: https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.447616
16.
Cassidy, Peter William.
The solvent extraction of Europium, Cobalt and Nickel with DI-2-Ethylhexyl phosphate.
Degree: PhD, 1970, Imperial College London
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/15738
► The values of the first and second overall stability constants of europium bisulphate complexes have been determined by a solvent extraction technique. Vapour pressure osmometry…
(more)
▼ The values of the first and second overall stability constants of europium bisulphate complexes have been determined by a solvent extraction technique. Vapour pressure osmometry was used to evaluate the state of aggregation of di-2-ethylhexyl phosphoric acid (D2EHPA), and its activity coefficients, in benzene at concentrations less than about 2 molal (monomer basis). A preliminary investigation into the extraction, and possible separation, of cobalt and nickel, from mixed chloride—perohlorate aqueous solutions has been performed, and the results have been qualitatively discussed.
Subjects/Keywords: 661
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APA (6th Edition):
Cassidy, P. W. (1970). The solvent extraction of Europium, Cobalt and Nickel with DI-2-Ethylhexyl phosphate. (Doctoral Dissertation). Imperial College London. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/15738
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Cassidy, Peter William. “The solvent extraction of Europium, Cobalt and Nickel with DI-2-Ethylhexyl phosphate.” 1970. Doctoral Dissertation, Imperial College London. Accessed January 24, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/15738.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Cassidy, Peter William. “The solvent extraction of Europium, Cobalt and Nickel with DI-2-Ethylhexyl phosphate.” 1970. Web. 24 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Cassidy PW. The solvent extraction of Europium, Cobalt and Nickel with DI-2-Ethylhexyl phosphate. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Imperial College London; 1970. [cited 2021 Jan 24].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/15738.
Council of Science Editors:
Cassidy PW. The solvent extraction of Europium, Cobalt and Nickel with DI-2-Ethylhexyl phosphate. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Imperial College London; 1970. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/15738
17.
Anjum, Muhammad Amin.
Some aspects of the aqueous chemistry of Zirconium and Ruthenium in relation to nuclear fuel reprocessing.
Degree: PhD, 1972, Imperial College London
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/16196
► The ion-exchange behaviour of ruthenium IV, nitrosyl ruthenium III and zirconium IV has been investigated with a view to the utilization of anion-exchange resins for…
(more)
▼ The ion-exchange behaviour of ruthenium IV, nitrosyl ruthenium III and zirconium IV has been investigated with a view to the utilization of anion-exchange resins for the separation of ruthenium and zirconium from plutonium solutions in nuclear fuel reprocessing. Both cation and anion-exchangers have been used for the removal of ruthenium IV. Increases in nitric acid concentration decreased the extent of removal by the cation-exchanger as did increases in ruthenium concentration at lower acidities. Studies of the anion-exchange behaviour in nitric acid concentration range of 0.1 to 7.5 mol dm-3 showed that maximum adsorption occurs at 3.5 and 5 mol dm-3 acid for ruthenium IV and nitrosyl ruthenium III respectively. From solutions of comparable strength nitrosyl ruthenium was adsorbed to a greater extent. When the nitrate ion concentration was kept constant a decrease in hydrogen ion concentration resulted in higher removal by the anion- exchanger. The results are discussed in terms of the species of ruthenium and the properties of the resin involved. The adsorbed ruthenium was found to be difficult to remove. Thus 7.5 mol dm-3 acid removed about 30% of adsorbed ruthenium while 0.6 mol dm-3 acid removed only about 10%. The characterization of the species of ruthenium has not been completed. Although electrophoresis and ion-exchange data pointed to the presence of different complexes under different conditions, studies involving spectrophotometry failed to detect any such changes. The ion-exchange behaviour of zirconium was investigated in the nitric acid range of 0.01 to 9 mol dm-3. At low acidities (e.g. 0.01 mol dm-3) both cation and anion exchange removed similar amounts. Increases in acidity decreased adsorption by the cation exchange. In the case of the anion-exchanger maximum adsorption was found to occur at 0.1 and 7.5 mol dm 3 acid. These maxima are explained in terms of the formation of polymers at lower acidities and of anionic complexes at higher acidities. The adsorbed zirconium was readily eluted with nitric acid stronger than 5 mol dm-3 but removal by 0.6 mol dm-3 acid was found to be difficult (i.e. <15%). A simple exponential equation C = J0.2241E- developed in this work can predict the f' s action of zirconium C/Co remaining on the resin after a contact time t (in minutes) of the resin with the acid (>5 mol dm-3). On the basis of results obtained a flow sheet for the removal of ruthenium and zirconium by an anion-exchange process has been developed.
Subjects/Keywords: 661
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APA (6th Edition):
Anjum, M. A. (1972). Some aspects of the aqueous chemistry of Zirconium and Ruthenium in relation to nuclear fuel reprocessing. (Doctoral Dissertation). Imperial College London. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/16196
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Anjum, Muhammad Amin. “Some aspects of the aqueous chemistry of Zirconium and Ruthenium in relation to nuclear fuel reprocessing.” 1972. Doctoral Dissertation, Imperial College London. Accessed January 24, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/16196.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Anjum, Muhammad Amin. “Some aspects of the aqueous chemistry of Zirconium and Ruthenium in relation to nuclear fuel reprocessing.” 1972. Web. 24 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Anjum MA. Some aspects of the aqueous chemistry of Zirconium and Ruthenium in relation to nuclear fuel reprocessing. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Imperial College London; 1972. [cited 2021 Jan 24].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/16196.
Council of Science Editors:
Anjum MA. Some aspects of the aqueous chemistry of Zirconium and Ruthenium in relation to nuclear fuel reprocessing. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Imperial College London; 1972. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/16196
University of Surrey
18.
Collin, Richard James.
Substituted pyridine complexes of the first row transition metals.
Degree: PhD, 1971, University of Surrey
URL: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/847320/
;
https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.451909
► A number of complexes of the first row transition metal halides and pseudohalides in the 2 oxidation state with pyridine and substituted pyridines have been…
(more)
▼ A number of complexes of the first row transition metal halides and pseudohalides in the 2 oxidation state with pyridine and substituted pyridines have been prepared. These have taken the form ML4X2 (where M= Ni, L =pyridine, 3-methyIpyridine, 4-methyl-pyridine, 3,5-lutidine, 4-vinylpyridine, 3-chloropyridine and isoquinoline, X= Cl, Br, I, NCS, NCO; Fe, Co, L-4-vinyl- pyridine, X= Cl, Br, I, NCS, NCO) and ML2X2 (where M=Ni, L = pyridine 3-methylpyridine, 4-methylpyridine, 3,5-lutidine, 4-vinylpyridine, 3-bromopyridine, X=Cl, Br, NCS, N3; M=Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, L= 4-vinylpyridine, 2-vinylpyridine, X= Cl, Br, I, NCS, NCO, N3). These complexes have been examined using techniques of i. r. , far i. r. and Raman spectroscopy, U. V. and visible spectroscopy and magnetochemistry in an attempt to correlate the structures with the spectral measurements. The nickel(Il) complexes were treated in greater detail since an attempt to relate changes in visible spectral parameters with donor properties of the ligands was made; and to this end values of the ligand-field splitting parameters in the xy plane and along the z axis, i. e. DqXY and Dqz were evaluated from the splitting of the spin-allowed bands observable in the electronic spectrum. A linear relationship was found between the spectral parameters in the xy plane and along the z axis, and this was interpreted as meaning that a change in length of the bonds in the xy plane would effect the length of the bonds along the z axis. The lengths of the bonds would in turn be related to the donor properties of the ligands. A previous report that the vinyl group of 2-vinylpyridine will co-ordinate to copper (Il) has not been confirmed.
Subjects/Keywords: 661
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APA (6th Edition):
Collin, R. J. (1971). Substituted pyridine complexes of the first row transition metals. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Surrey. Retrieved from http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/847320/ ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.451909
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Collin, Richard James. “Substituted pyridine complexes of the first row transition metals.” 1971. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Surrey. Accessed January 24, 2021.
http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/847320/ ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.451909.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Collin, Richard James. “Substituted pyridine complexes of the first row transition metals.” 1971. Web. 24 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Collin RJ. Substituted pyridine complexes of the first row transition metals. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Surrey; 1971. [cited 2021 Jan 24].
Available from: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/847320/ ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.451909.
Council of Science Editors:
Collin RJ. Substituted pyridine complexes of the first row transition metals. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Surrey; 1971. Available from: http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/847320/ ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.451909
University of Glasgow
19.
Harman, Mary Elizabeth.
Topics in the chemistry of main-group and transition-metal fluorides.
Degree: PhD, 1974, University of Glasgow
URL: http://theses.gla.ac.uk/78665/
;
https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.458253
► Phosphnylamines, Cl2P(O)NHR (R = Me, Et and Ph) , were obtained by the reaction of amine hydrochlorides, RNH2. HCl,, with phosphoryl chloride, P(O)Cl3. Fluorination of…
(more)
▼ Phosphnylamines, Cl2P(O)NHR (R = Me, Et and Ph) , were obtained by the reaction of amine hydrochlorides, RNH2. HCl,, with phosphoryl chloride, P(O)Cl3. Fluorination of these derivatives by sodium fluoride produced the compounds F2P(O)NHR. Bis(dichlorophosphinyl)amines, [Cl2P(O)]2NR, and their fluoro- derivatives were synthesised by the condensation of the phosphinylamines with phosphoryl halides, P(O)FnCl3-n, in the presence of a tertiary amine. The difluoro- derivative. [FClP(O)]2Me, was obtained as a mixture of diastereoisomers from the reaction of heptamethyldisilazane, (Me3Si)2NMe, with P(O)FCl2. Attempts to synthesise the difluoro-compounds, Cl2P(O)NRP(O)F2, from F2P(O)NHR and P(O)Cl3 resulted in the formation of impure products. Possible reasons for this are discussed. The trifluoro- compounds, F2 P(O)NRP(O)FCl, were not prepared. 1H, 19F and 31P n. m. r. data are given for the diphosphinylamines synthesised, together with their infrared and mass spectra. The spectra are compared with those obtained from the phosphinylamines. Heptamethyldisilazane, (Me3Si)2NMe, and tungsten hexafluoride, WF6, reacted in the absence of a solvent to produce a white solid formulated as WF4 NMe and in the presence of MeCN to produce the complex WF4NMe.HeCN. The coordinated MeCN could be displaced by C5H5N (py) forming the complex WF4NMe. py. The adducts were characterised by elemental analyses and by n. m. r. and mass spectroscopy. Their spectra, together with those of WF4NMe.CD3CN and WF4NMe.C5D5N, are presented and discussed. Possible structures for both WF4NMe and WF4NMe. MeCN are suggested. A preliminary investigation into the chemistry of WF4NMe.MeCM showed that the fluorine atoms could be replaced but that the compound did not react with SF5Cl, SO2 or CS2. Hexamethyldisilazane, (Me3Si)2NH, and WF6 reacted in the presence of MeCN to produce a solid whose elemental analysis, infrared and n. m. r. spectra suggest that it has the composition NH4+WOF5- .MeCN. A reaction carried out between MoF6 and (Me3Si)2NMe in MeCN suggests that NoF6 reacts in a manner similar to that described for WF6 but that the reaction products are more susceptible to hydrolysis. Sulphur chloride pentafluoride, SF5-Cl, reacted exothermically with the chlorophosphines PhPCl2 and Ph2PCl to produce the corresponding fluorophosphoranes PhPF4 and Ph2PF3 along with SCl2 and Cl2. When SF5Cl reacted with MePCI2, although the phosphorane MePF4 was formed, the major product was a white solid which analysed as CH2 3Cl5 FP but which was not further characterised. The reactions between SF5Cl and the halogen free derivatives P(NMe2)3 and P(OMe)3 produced SF4, Cl2 and other products which were not completely identified but for which structures are suggested. SF5Cl did not react with either PPh3 or PCl3. Reaction schemes for these oxidative fluorinations by SF5Cl are presented and discussed. A detailed analysis of the vibrational spectra of CF3SF4Cl was carried out. This confirmed the evidence from n. m. r. spectroscopy that only the trans isomer of the compound is…
Subjects/Keywords: 661
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APA (6th Edition):
Harman, M. E. (1974). Topics in the chemistry of main-group and transition-metal fluorides. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Glasgow. Retrieved from http://theses.gla.ac.uk/78665/ ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.458253
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Harman, Mary Elizabeth. “Topics in the chemistry of main-group and transition-metal fluorides.” 1974. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Glasgow. Accessed January 24, 2021.
http://theses.gla.ac.uk/78665/ ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.458253.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Harman, Mary Elizabeth. “Topics in the chemistry of main-group and transition-metal fluorides.” 1974. Web. 24 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Harman ME. Topics in the chemistry of main-group and transition-metal fluorides. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Glasgow; 1974. [cited 2021 Jan 24].
Available from: http://theses.gla.ac.uk/78665/ ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.458253.
Council of Science Editors:
Harman ME. Topics in the chemistry of main-group and transition-metal fluorides. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Glasgow; 1974. Available from: http://theses.gla.ac.uk/78665/ ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.458253
20.
Ng, Wing Kong.
Pelletizing and chemical processing of chromite.
Degree: PhD, 1963, Imperial College London
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/11343
► This thesis is concerned with the beneficiation and agglomeration of standard grade chromite concentrate with low chromium:iron ratio by a sequence of processes including pelletizing…
(more)
▼ This thesis is concerned with the beneficiation and agglomeration of standard grade chromite concentrate with low chromium:iron ratio by a sequence of processes including pelletizing of the finely powdered concentrate, selective reduction of the iron oxide by carbon and removal of iron by leaching with acid. Fundamental principles which control or influence the various stages of the process were examined and are appraised here, k process of pelletizing fine chromite concentrate was evolved with a laboratory pelletizing drum. The following variables affecting the pelletizing process were investigated: (1) Seeding of the load in the drum (2) Moisture content of the feed and seeds (3) Loading of the drum (4) Drum diaaeter and drum velocity (5) Rolling time. The mechanisms deduced from these observations are Sintering and reduction of the pellets were examined and the influence of various binding agents on this process was investigated. Reflected light microscopy and I-ray microradiography were used to elucidate the mechanism of sintering and to detect textural and laineralogical changes in the agglomerates. The relationship between sintering temperature, amount of reducing agent incorporated and efficiency of removing iron by leaching are explained.
Subjects/Keywords: 661
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APA (6th Edition):
Ng, W. K. (1963). Pelletizing and chemical processing of chromite. (Doctoral Dissertation). Imperial College London. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/11343
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Ng, Wing Kong. “Pelletizing and chemical processing of chromite.” 1963. Doctoral Dissertation, Imperial College London. Accessed January 24, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/11343.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Ng, Wing Kong. “Pelletizing and chemical processing of chromite.” 1963. Web. 24 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Ng WK. Pelletizing and chemical processing of chromite. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Imperial College London; 1963. [cited 2021 Jan 24].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/11343.
Council of Science Editors:
Ng WK. Pelletizing and chemical processing of chromite. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Imperial College London; 1963. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/11343
21.
Ugarte-Alverez, F.
Leaching of bornite.
Degree: PhD, 1971, Imperial College London
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/16758
► Bornite (Cu5FeS4), was synthesized from the elements. Particulate synthetic bornite was leached in acidified ferric sulphate solution at temperatures ranging from 15° to 90o C.…
(more)
▼ Bornite (Cu5FeS4), was synthesized from the elements. Particulate synthetic bornite was leached in acidified ferric sulphate solution at temperatures ranging from 15° to 90o C. Bornite dissolved in two stages; in the first the bornite easily lost copper by diffusion and transformed, via a nonstoichiometric bornite, to a solid phase with composition Cu3FeS4. In the second stage, the solid phase with composition Cu3FeS4 was converted directly to elemental sulphur. The apparent activation energy for the first stage of the leaching process was determined. The mechanisms and rate controlling steps of the two stages of dissolution are given. The solid phases were studied by x—ray diffraction, electron probe microanalysis, reflectivity dispersion measurements and microscopic examination.
Subjects/Keywords: 661
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APA (6th Edition):
Ugarte-Alverez, F. (1971). Leaching of bornite. (Doctoral Dissertation). Imperial College London. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/16758
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Ugarte-Alverez, F. “Leaching of bornite.” 1971. Doctoral Dissertation, Imperial College London. Accessed January 24, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/16758.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Ugarte-Alverez, F. “Leaching of bornite.” 1971. Web. 24 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Ugarte-Alverez F. Leaching of bornite. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Imperial College London; 1971. [cited 2021 Jan 24].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/16758.
Council of Science Editors:
Ugarte-Alverez F. Leaching of bornite. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Imperial College London; 1971. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/16758
22.
Ward, Roger Bryan.
The influence of halogen compounds on gaseous oxidation processes.
Degree: PhD, 1964, Imperial College London
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/17080
► This thesis describes an investigation of the effects of four bromomethanes and hydrogen bromide on the gaseous oxidation of several fuels. In the Introduction the…
(more)
▼ This thesis describes an investigation of the effects of four bromomethanes and hydrogen bromide on the gaseous oxidation of several fuels. In the Introduction the relevant basic theory of chain reactions is first outlined and then the general oxidation mechanisms are considered with particular reference to the compounds studied in this work. Finally the modes of action of various additives in gaseous oxidation reactions are described. In the Experimental Section a full account is given of the vacuum system used and the methods employed for the preparation and purification of the reactants are outlined. The procedures employed for obtaining pressure-time curves and the methods of chemical and gas-liquid chromatographic analysis used are also fully described. The Results Section consists largely of rate measurements for the various fuel-oxygen-additive systems studied. Graphs derived from this basic data are also included showing the effects of the various additives relative to one another. Hydrogen bromide exerts a marked, usually promoting, influence on the oxidation of all the fuels studied while the bromomethanes have a well-defined effect only on oxidation reactions occurring at above 400°C. When the halomethanes do exert an appreciable influence on combustion reactions their effect is qualitatively similar to that of hydrogen bromide. This latter additive retards only the oxidations of formaldehyde and methane while the bromomethanes retard only the oxidation of methane. These retarding effects are confined to the later stages of reaction and to small amounts of additive. In the Discussion an attempt is made to explain these results in terms of the reaction mechanisms involved. Promotion by hydrogen bromide is ascribed either to its direct reaction with oxygen providing an extra mode of chain-initiation, or to its interaction with intermediate peroxides giving rise to enhanced chain-branching. Hydrogen bromide exerts its retarding influence on the oxidation of formaldehyde largely by reacting readily with hydroxyl radicals, thereby significantly reducing the concentration of these important chain-carriers. In the methane oxidation system hydrogen bromide also effectively removes methyl radicals,thereby interrupting the normal chain cycle. The bromomethanes themselves do not appreciably affect the combustion of the fuels studied and it is only their oxidation or pyrolysis products, bromine and hydrogen bromide, which have a pronounced influence as additives.
Subjects/Keywords: 661
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APA (6th Edition):
Ward, R. B. (1964). The influence of halogen compounds on gaseous oxidation processes. (Doctoral Dissertation). Imperial College London. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/17080
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Ward, Roger Bryan. “The influence of halogen compounds on gaseous oxidation processes.” 1964. Doctoral Dissertation, Imperial College London. Accessed January 24, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/17080.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Ward, Roger Bryan. “The influence of halogen compounds on gaseous oxidation processes.” 1964. Web. 24 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Ward RB. The influence of halogen compounds on gaseous oxidation processes. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Imperial College London; 1964. [cited 2021 Jan 24].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/17080.
Council of Science Editors:
Ward RB. The influence of halogen compounds on gaseous oxidation processes. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Imperial College London; 1964. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/17080
University of East Anglia
23.
Kozlova, Elena A.
Multi-species atmospheric continuous measurements as a tool to study changes in the carbon cycle.
Degree: PhD, 2010, University of East Anglia
URL: https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/10570/
;
https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.569308
► Observations of atmospheric gas concentrations are very useful in the study of globally important ecosystems. Past observational efforts, however, have been focused on atmospheric measurements…
(more)
▼ Observations of atmospheric gas concentrations are very useful in the study of globally important ecosystems. Past observational efforts, however, have been focused on atmospheric measurements of ‘background air’, leaving the continental interiors under-represented. I present results from pilot, multi-species, atmospheric measurement campaigns in the Hainich Forest, Germany in 2005, and I describe the development, deployment, and results from high-precision continuous atmospheric measurements of CO2, O2, CH4, CO and N2O at the Zotino Tall Tower Observatory (ZOTTO) in the boreal forest of central Siberia from November 2005 to June 2007. Atmospheric variations were studied on seasonal, synoptic and diurnal time scales. Among the interesting features of the ZOTTO record are: 1) CO2 and O2 seasonal amplitudes of 26.6 ppm and 190 per meg (equivalent to 39.8 ppm in CO2); 2) a west-east gradient of –7 ppm of CO2 (in July 2006) between Shetland Islands (Scotland) and ZOTTO that reflects summertime continental CO2 uptake; 3) attenuation of the oceanic component of the O2 seasonal amplitude (Atmospheric Potential Oxygen; APO) at ZOTTO resulting in an amplitude of 45 per meg compared to 56 per meg observed at Shetlands; 4) high fire emissions of CH4 and CO in summertime with the minima of their monthly averages similar to seasonal cycles of these gases in the marine boundary layer; 5) large vertical gradients in CO2, CH4 and CO during ‘cold events’ (air temperatures below -30°C), suggesting separated layers of air and local sources possibly combined with other effects; 6) lower CO/CO2 ratios (1-4 ppb/ppm) from fossil fuel burning compared to those measured in Europe, with large CH4 contributions; 7) diurnal vertical CO2 gradients in spring 2007 giving estimates of night-time respiration fluxes of 0.04±0.02 mol C m-2 d-1. A comparison with REgional MOdel (REMO) simulations showed discrepancies in daily averages of CO2 attributed to errors in the model’s vertical mixing and prescribed terrestrial fluxes. Nevertheless, REMO exhibited good agreement in meteorological variables (compared to weather stations close to ZOTTO) and seasonal cycles of CO2, APO and CO. Studies of fire events showed high emission ratios of CO/CO2 and CH4/CO2, comparable with those reported for similar ecosystems, and in relatively good agreement with the model estimates.
Subjects/Keywords: 661
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APA (6th Edition):
Kozlova, E. A. (2010). Multi-species atmospheric continuous measurements as a tool to study changes in the carbon cycle. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of East Anglia. Retrieved from https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/10570/ ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.569308
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Kozlova, Elena A. “Multi-species atmospheric continuous measurements as a tool to study changes in the carbon cycle.” 2010. Doctoral Dissertation, University of East Anglia. Accessed January 24, 2021.
https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/10570/ ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.569308.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Kozlova, Elena A. “Multi-species atmospheric continuous measurements as a tool to study changes in the carbon cycle.” 2010. Web. 24 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Kozlova EA. Multi-species atmospheric continuous measurements as a tool to study changes in the carbon cycle. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of East Anglia; 2010. [cited 2021 Jan 24].
Available from: https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/10570/ ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.569308.
Council of Science Editors:
Kozlova EA. Multi-species atmospheric continuous measurements as a tool to study changes in the carbon cycle. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of East Anglia; 2010. Available from: https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/10570/ ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.569308
University of Manchester
24.
Singh, S.
Diffusion and reaction in the ammonia-hydrogen chloride system.
Degree: PhD, 1968, University of Manchester
URL: https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.673837
Subjects/Keywords: 661
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APA (6th Edition):
Singh, S. (1968). Diffusion and reaction in the ammonia-hydrogen chloride system. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Manchester. Retrieved from https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.673837
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Singh, S. “Diffusion and reaction in the ammonia-hydrogen chloride system.” 1968. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Manchester. Accessed January 24, 2021.
https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.673837.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Singh, S. “Diffusion and reaction in the ammonia-hydrogen chloride system.” 1968. Web. 24 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Singh S. Diffusion and reaction in the ammonia-hydrogen chloride system. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Manchester; 1968. [cited 2021 Jan 24].
Available from: https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.673837.
Council of Science Editors:
Singh S. Diffusion and reaction in the ammonia-hydrogen chloride system. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Manchester; 1968. Available from: https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.673837
25.
Thomson, Jean Robertson.
The constitution of alloys of thorium with certain transition metals.
Degree: PhD, 1964, Imperial College London
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/17052
► The behaviour of the transition series of elements has long been of interest and the position of thorium in group 4A of the periodic table…
(more)
▼ The behaviour of the transition series of elements has long been of interest and the position of thorium in group 4A of the periodic table near to the beginning of a possible 'actinide' series of elements has made a knowledge of its properties and alloying behaviour of especial interest from the theoretical point of view. In the present work, the physical properties and electron theory of the transition metals and their alloys have been reviewed. Factors affecting the formation of intermetallic compounds have also been reviewed and their applications to some specific types of crystal structure discussed. The phase diagrams of six binary alloy systems of thorium with the metals ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium and platinum have been investigated in the temperature range 1000°C - 1500°C, mainly by x-ray and metallographic methods. Solid solubility of thorium in palladium has been observed and intermetallic compounds occur in each system. The crystal structures of 15 of these compounds, embracing 7 structure types, have been determined while the structures of 5 other compounds have been confirmed. In several cases additional information about the latter compounds has been obtained. In general, the results are in agreement with alloy theory although the solubility of thorium in palladium would not be predicted by current theories. There are several points of similarity between the present systems but the constitution of Th-Pd alloys is often different from that of the other five systems. The thorium-rich eutectic compositions and temperatures show a general correlation with the melting points of the component phases similar to that reported for eutectics formed by magnesium, the rare earths, uranium and plutonium. Available results on the structures of the intermetallic compounds have been discussed in relation to other compounds with the same structures and the phase diagrams have been compared with the available information on several other alloy systems of the group 8 metals. The structures of compounds containing less than 50% group 8 element tend to be characteristic of the other element and size factors tend to be important in determining which structures will occur. With more than 50% group 8 element, size factors are still important but the structures can often tolerate a much wider range of radius ratio.
Subjects/Keywords: 661
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APA (6th Edition):
Thomson, J. R. (1964). The constitution of alloys of thorium with certain transition metals. (Doctoral Dissertation). Imperial College London. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/17052
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Thomson, Jean Robertson. “The constitution of alloys of thorium with certain transition metals.” 1964. Doctoral Dissertation, Imperial College London. Accessed January 24, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/17052.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Thomson, Jean Robertson. “The constitution of alloys of thorium with certain transition metals.” 1964. Web. 24 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Thomson JR. The constitution of alloys of thorium with certain transition metals. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Imperial College London; 1964. [cited 2021 Jan 24].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/17052.
Council of Science Editors:
Thomson JR. The constitution of alloys of thorium with certain transition metals. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Imperial College London; 1964. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/17052
26.
Roberts, Julian Michael.
Continuum mechanics applied to the tension-levelling process.
Degree: PhD, 1971, Imperial College London
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/16657
► The complexity of the tension-levelling process has hindered the development of an adequate theoretical model for design purposes.Empirical data and operating experience have been utilized…
(more)
▼ The complexity of the tension-levelling process has hindered the development of an adequate theoretical model for design purposes.Empirical data and operating experience have been utilized to the present date.A brief background to the necessity for tension-levellers is presented together with the elementary analysis proposed by previous authors. The development.of a complete model for the levelling of an elastic non-linear work-hardening material is described, this model requiring numerical analysis by computer.Computerization has allowed the inclusion of the Bauschinger phenomenon by the assumption of a non-reversible model of strain-hardening.The discrepancies between this assumption and the assumption of isotropic hardening are readily apparent and are, to some extent, contrary to those expected.The analysis is directly applicable to material of good shape,the effects of bad shape being discussed. Sufficient results for initial theoretical verification have been obtained on an instrumented experimental leveller built at Imperial College.The design of this machine and the techniques used for investigation of the relevant variables are described.Comparison between theoretical and practical results for temper rolled mild steel is presented.
Subjects/Keywords: 661
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APA (6th Edition):
Roberts, J. M. (1971). Continuum mechanics applied to the tension-levelling process. (Doctoral Dissertation). Imperial College London. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/16657
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Roberts, Julian Michael. “Continuum mechanics applied to the tension-levelling process.” 1971. Doctoral Dissertation, Imperial College London. Accessed January 24, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/16657.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Roberts, Julian Michael. “Continuum mechanics applied to the tension-levelling process.” 1971. Web. 24 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Roberts JM. Continuum mechanics applied to the tension-levelling process. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Imperial College London; 1971. [cited 2021 Jan 24].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/16657.
Council of Science Editors:
Roberts JM. Continuum mechanics applied to the tension-levelling process. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Imperial College London; 1971. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/16657
27.
Aikens, Peter Jonathan.
The microbial epoxidation of internal alkenes.
Degree: PhD, 1990, Imperial College London
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/47741
Subjects/Keywords: 661
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APA (6th Edition):
Aikens, P. J. (1990). The microbial epoxidation of internal alkenes. (Doctoral Dissertation). Imperial College London. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/47741
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Aikens, Peter Jonathan. “The microbial epoxidation of internal alkenes.” 1990. Doctoral Dissertation, Imperial College London. Accessed January 24, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/47741.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Aikens, Peter Jonathan. “The microbial epoxidation of internal alkenes.” 1990. Web. 24 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Aikens PJ. The microbial epoxidation of internal alkenes. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Imperial College London; 1990. [cited 2021 Jan 24].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/47741.
Council of Science Editors:
Aikens PJ. The microbial epoxidation of internal alkenes. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Imperial College London; 1990. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/47741
28.
Peacock, David Emms.
Point defects in some body-centred cubic transition metals.
Degree: PhD, 1961, Imperial College London
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/13476
Subjects/Keywords: 661
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APA (6th Edition):
Peacock, D. E. (1961). Point defects in some body-centred cubic transition metals. (Doctoral Dissertation). Imperial College London. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/13476
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Peacock, David Emms. “Point defects in some body-centred cubic transition metals.” 1961. Doctoral Dissertation, Imperial College London. Accessed January 24, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/13476.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Peacock, David Emms. “Point defects in some body-centred cubic transition metals.” 1961. Web. 24 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Peacock DE. Point defects in some body-centred cubic transition metals. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Imperial College London; 1961. [cited 2021 Jan 24].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/13476.
Council of Science Editors:
Peacock DE. Point defects in some body-centred cubic transition metals. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Imperial College London; 1961. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/13476
29.
Atta, Manzur Ahmad.
Electron emitters based on the rare earths.
Degree: PhD, 1966, Imperial College London
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/17025
► This thesis describes the development of new type of rare earth alloy cathodes. This project was•under the supervision of Professor D. Gabor, F.R.S., Professor of…
(more)
▼ This thesis describes the development of new type of rare earth alloy cathodes. This project was•under the supervision of Professor D. Gabor, F.R.S., Professor of Applied Electron Physics and was carried out in the Electrical Engineering Department of Imperial College, London. The experimental work started with an attempt to develop high temperature emitters impregnated with rare earths for the development of Inert-gas filled Thermionic Generators. The Philips type emitters, based on barium-strontium oxide are not suitable because of their short life above 1200°C, where the generators start achieving good efficiency. In addition to the lanthanum-lutetium group, thorium and yttrium were also included with the rare earth metals. Experiments carried out on the rare earth oxides (nitrides and borides also) gave unsatisfactory results. These emitters were prepared by pressing the oxides with a refractory metal powder, with or without reducing agents. But the supply (32 the rare earth metal atoms to the surface found to be too slow and only emission densities of the order of 1-2 amps/cm2 were obtained at the best. Rare earth metals incorporated in the refractory matrix gave results only a little better than the oxides.
Subjects/Keywords: 661
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APA (6th Edition):
Atta, M. A. (1966). Electron emitters based on the rare earths. (Doctoral Dissertation). Imperial College London. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/17025
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Atta, Manzur Ahmad. “Electron emitters based on the rare earths.” 1966. Doctoral Dissertation, Imperial College London. Accessed January 24, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/17025.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Atta, Manzur Ahmad. “Electron emitters based on the rare earths.” 1966. Web. 24 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Atta MA. Electron emitters based on the rare earths. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Imperial College London; 1966. [cited 2021 Jan 24].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/17025.
Council of Science Editors:
Atta MA. Electron emitters based on the rare earths. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Imperial College London; 1966. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/17025
30.
Lizon, Tatiana Gallego.
Cadmium separation from phosphoric acid using the emulsion liquid membrane.
Degree: PhD, 1998, Imperial College London
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/7634
► An emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) containing Cyanex 302 has been successfully used for the recovery of cadmium from synthetic phosphoric acid solutions containing 30% wt.…
(more)
▼ An emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) containing Cyanex 302 has been successfully used for the recovery of cadmium from synthetic phosphoric acid solutions containing 30% wt. P205. The ELM formulation was optimised for high extraction rate and stability. Cyanex 302, and a mixture of NaC1 (3M) and HC1 (1M), were selected from a set of possible reagents and stripping phases, following equilibrium and kinetic experiments in two-phase systems. Under chemical control the rate of Cd2 extraction was pseudo first order with respect to Cd2 and Cyanex 302 concentration. Arlacel C was found to be the most suitable surfactant for emulsion stability. The dependence of the ELM rate of Cd 2 extraction on the concentrations of cadmium, Cyanex 302, and surfactant, as well as on phase and treat ratio, and homogeniser and stirrer speed, was investigated. Cadmium extraction levels were found to be above 90% for most conditions. The influence of operating variables on emulsion swelling and rupture was also evaluated as a function of time. Swelling of the internal phase of the emulsion reached values greater than 50%, whilst emulsion rupture was below 2%. Emulsion globule size distributions in the stirred tank were measured for different impeller speeds and diameters, reagent concentrations, and emulsion hold-up, using an endoscope attached to a high-speed video camera. A correlation for globule size, accounting for swelling and rupture phenomena, changes in viscosity and hold-up, was proposed and found to be in good agreement with experimental results. This allowed the effect of the stirring speed on the specific interfacial area and the mass transfer coefficient to be decoupled, and led to the conclusion that the overall rate of Cd 2 recovery was controlled by diffusional resistances in the continuous phase. A time- dependent model, and a quasi-steady state model were proposed for the extraction of cadmium with the ELM. Simulations with both models were found to be in good agreement with experimental results.
Subjects/Keywords: 661
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APA (6th Edition):
Lizon, T. G. (1998). Cadmium separation from phosphoric acid using the emulsion liquid membrane. (Doctoral Dissertation). Imperial College London. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/7634
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Lizon, Tatiana Gallego. “Cadmium separation from phosphoric acid using the emulsion liquid membrane.” 1998. Doctoral Dissertation, Imperial College London. Accessed January 24, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/7634.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Lizon, Tatiana Gallego. “Cadmium separation from phosphoric acid using the emulsion liquid membrane.” 1998. Web. 24 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Lizon TG. Cadmium separation from phosphoric acid using the emulsion liquid membrane. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Imperial College London; 1998. [cited 2021 Jan 24].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/7634.
Council of Science Editors:
Lizon TG. Cadmium separation from phosphoric acid using the emulsion liquid membrane. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Imperial College London; 1998. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/7634
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