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Made available in DSpace on 2019-08-27T14:16:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 62- Barbara Grazielle Firmino de Araujo- SISTEMA DE VIS?O DE M?QUINA PARA DETEC??O E LOCALIZA??O AUTOM?TICA DE PE?AS UTILIZANDO RASPBERRY PI.pdf: 21382586 bytes, checksum: 44d4d773a3ae3fc8fc99d84c0b491d39 (MD5) AUTORIZA??O_BARBARA GRAZIELLE.pdf: 204123 bytes, checksum: 383bbe886e51e98efc48e58b7ae1e558 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019-03-26

Na perspectiva da ind?stria 4.0, a tomada de decis?o est? cada vez mais descentralizada devido a inser??o de sistemas inteligentes no contexto industrial, que tornam vi?vel o desenvolvimento de linhas de produ??o mais flex?veis. Os sistemas de vis?o de m?quina (VM) s?o sistemas inteligentes compostos por c?meras, hardwares de processamento, perif?ricos de comunica??o e podem ser classificados como sensores de alto n?vel, dado que s?o capazes de extrair informa??es complexas de um determinado cen?rio. Quando associados a rob?tica, a VM e capaz de auxiliar na captura autom?tica de diferentes tipos de objetos por manipuladores rob?ticos, atividade conhecida como pickand place. Neste trabalho e implementado um sistema de VM dedicado a detec??o e localiza??o das coordenadas dos objetos cil?ndricos posicionadas aleatoriamente sobre uma plataforma, em seguida o sistema embarcado envia as coordenadas ao controlador de um bra?o rob?tico industrial. A c?mera utilizada est? disposta acima da plataforma e captura uma imagem da vista superior dos objetos, a partir desta imagem, os objetos s?o detectados e seus centroides s?o localizados. No ?mbito desta pesquisa, s?o utilizados apenas objetos cil?ndricos de mesmas dimens?es com cores distintas. A arquitetura do sistema de VM e baseada no uso de tecnologias acess?veis, por exemplo, os hardwares Raspberry Pi e PiCamera, assim como o framework OpenCV, que disponibiliza um conjunto de funcionalidades open source para o desenvolvimento de sistemas de Vis?o Computacional e Processamento Digital de Imagens. Distor??es inerentes ? a lente da c?mera digital foram corrigidas e a homografia entre o plano do rob? e o da imagem foi estabelecida aplicando o m?todo DLT (Direct Linear Transform). Foram testados seis…

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Accuracy in image object detection has been usually achieved at the expense of much computational load. Therefore a trade-o between detection performance and fast execution commonly represents the ultimate goal of an object detector in real life applications. Most images are composed of non-trivial amounts of background nformation, such as sky, ground and water. In this sense, using an object detector against a recurring background pattern can require a signi cant amount of the total processing time. To alleviate this problem, search space reduction methods can help focusing the detection procedure on more distinctive image regions. Among the several approaches for search space reduction, we explored saliency information to organize regions based on their probability of containing objects. Saliency detectors are capable of pinpointing regions which generate stronger visual stimuli based solely on information extracted from the image. The fact that saliency methods do not require prior training is an important bene t, which allows application of these techniques in a broad range of machine vision domains. We propose a novel method toward the goal of faster object detectors. The proposed method was grounded on a multi-scale spectral residue (MSR) analysis using saliency detection. For better search space reduction, our method enables ne control of search scale, more robustness to variations on saliency intensity along an object length and also a direct way to control the balance between search space reduction and false negatives caused by region selection. Compared to a regular sliding window search over the images, in our experiments, MSR was able to reduce by 75% (in average) the number of windows to be evaluated by an object detector while improving or at least maintaining detector ROC performance. The proposed method was thoroughly evaluated over a subset of LabelMe dataset (person images), improving detection performance in most cases. This evaluation was done comparing object detection performance against di erent object detectors, with and without MSR. Additionally, we also provide evaluation of how di erent object classes interact with MSR, which was done using Pascal VOC 2007 dataset. Finally, tests made showed that window selection performance of MSR has a good scalability with regard to image size. From the obtained data, our conclusion is that MSR can provide substantial bene ts to existing…

Advisors/Committee Members: Oliveira, Luciano Rebou??as de.

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Submitted by Santos Davilene ([email protected]) on 2013-01-25T10:33:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Glauco Carneiro.PDF: 9132226 bytes, checksum: b22e5917f0e49a3b66dd4ee4d3aacb13 (MD5)

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Atividades de compreens??o t??m papel importante em engenharia de software. A leitura e a busca de informa????es no c??digo fonte n??o s??o atividades triviais e requerem esfor??o significativo em sistemas de m??dio e grande porte. Atualmente, apesar da maioria dos ambientes de desenvolvimento de software (ADS) oferecer apoio ??s atividades de compreens??o, eles ainda n??o adotaram plenamente t??cnicas e recursos de visualiza????o para tal finalidade. Esta ?? uma limita????o significativa dado que o ser humano tem maior capacidade para obter informa????o atrav??s da vis??o do que todos os outros sentidos combinados. Al??m disso, as pr??prias t??cnicas de visualiza????o de software ainda n??o adotaram recursos de intera????o e coordena????o j?? consolidados na ??rea de visualiza????o de informa????o. Esta tese prop??e um ambiente interativo baseado em m??ltiplas vis??es chamado SourceMiner, desenvolvido como um plug-in da ADS Eclipse, para apoiar as atividades de compreens??o de software. O SourceMiner traz novos recursos e t??cnicas para a ??rea de visualiza????o de software. O principal destes ?? o uso de m??ltiplas vis??es, j?? adotadas em visualiza????o de informa????o e compatibilizadas para visualiza????o de software atrav??s do conceito de perspectivas. O ambiente tamb??m utiliza mecanismos de coordena????o entre as vis??es, zoom sem??ntico e filtros interativos. O SourceMiner ?? um ambiente expans??vel no qual ?? poss??vel incluir novas vis??es. Al??m disso, ele possui recursos de monitoramento de atividades a partir dos quais podem ser realizados estudos para a an??lise do perfil de uso do ADS e das funcionalidades oferecidas pelo pr??prio plug-in. A utiliza????o integrada destes recursos ?? uma contribui????o nova para a ??rea de visualiza????o de software. Foram realizados seis estudos experimentais para avaliar o uso do SourceMiner em atividades de compreens??o de software. Os resultados indicam que o SourceMiner pode ser utilizado para apoiar a constru????o de modelos mentais que se ad??quam ??s necessidades de compreens??o daqueles que lidam tanto com atividades de desenvolvimento como de manuten????o de software.

Salvador

Advisors/Committee Members: Mendon??a Neto, Manoel Gomes de.

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Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS ([email protected]) on 2015-11-13T18:30:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 476062 - Texto Completo.pdf: 11312926 bytes, checksum: 32b5c8685befd12b44da93360c230661 (MD5)

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The following study is about the estimation of three-dimensional position of multiple objects captured in images in a stereo vision setting. The mathematical formalism begins with the representation of motion in Euclidean space. After that, the projection of the images is performed in an ideal camera perspective using homogeneous coordinates. This results in the intrinsic and extrinsic parameters, which are part of the camera calibration. From that, stereo vision is used to obtain three-dimensional position of objects that are captured in the images from two cameras. Thus, depths of various objects are obtained to reconstruct their positions. The validation of the proposed algorithms are made through an experiment built for this purpose. This experiment uses two cameras with semi-parallel views to the center. In the center of the environment there is a gimbal platform, which performs a uniform motion. Above, there is a plan with three white dots, simulating the objects position. This motion captures two images, which are processed by the proposed algorithm. The validation consists in making a comparison between the orientation planes of the gimbal servomotors and reconstruction objects.

Este trabalho trata da estima??o da posi??o tridimensional de m?ltiplos objetos a partir de imagens capturadas em um ambiente de vis?o est?reo. O formalismo matem?tico utilizado no projeto do sistema de vis?o est?reo inicia-se com a representa??o de cen?rio, levando todo o ambiente para um espa?o euclidiano, tamb?m chamado de representa??o em tr?s dimens?es. Depois de representar o espa?o euclidiano no sistema de vis?o est?reo, leva-se esse formalismo ?s proje??es das imagens numa perspectiva da c?mera ideal em coordenadas homog?neas, das quais se obt?m a c?mera com par?metros intr?nsecos e extr?nsecos. A partir disso, utilizam-se os conceitos de vis?o est?reo e triangulariza??o entre as c?meras para calcular a profundidade dos diversos objetos presentes no cen?rio. Assim, a reconstru??o tridimensional da imagem ? obtida. A valida??o dos algoritmos propostos ? feita atrav?s de um experimento constru?do especialmente para o sistema de vis?o est?reo, em que foram colocadas duas c?meras com vistas semiparalelas em um ambiente, sendo tamb?m adicionada uma plataforma do tipo gimbal movimentando-se em tr?s dimens?es. Acima dessa, ? colocado um plano com tr?s pontos (marcadores), os quais simulam o movimento de tr?s objetos. A partir da?, s?o capturadas duas imagens a serem processadas mediante os algoritmos propostos, resultando na reconstru??o dos pontos no espa?o tridimensional. O processo…

Advisors/Committee Members: Salton, Aur?lio Tergolina.

▼ Temperate forests feature high levels of net primary production and relatively slow rates of decomposition, facilitating the accumulation of an organic (O) horizon on the soil surface above the mineral soil (A horizon). The O horizon represents a quantitatively important carbon stock in these ecosystems, encompassing the full range of plant residues along a continuum of varying decomposition stage with depth, but is also of great significance due to its central role in the biogeochemical partitioning of terrestrial organic matter. Organic residues in the O horizon include the biogeochemical “left-overs” remaining in the system after losses predominantly associated with microbial mineralization to CO2, immobilization within living biomass, and leaching through the soil profile. The contribution of non-structural biomolecules to this residual fraction remains unknown, but has important implications for the emerging understanding of the decomposition and stabilization of organic matter in forest soils. The overall aim of this work was to quantify the contribution of chlorophyll, low molecular weight (LMW) polyphenols, protein, and DNA in O and A horizon samples collected from three temperate forest soils developed under differing predominant vegetative cover. Refined extraction methods for organic-rich samples were developed for each biomolecule, with quantification of their concentrations in extracts achieved using a UV-Visible spectrophotometer. All biomolecules were found to contribute to the organic matter fraction of all samples, with concentrations decreasing from LMW polyphenols >> protein > DNA = chlorophyll. Differences in concentration and persistence by site and horizon were statistically significant and revealed two contrasting trends with increasing decomposition and depth: chlorophyll and LMW polyphenols decreased whereas protein and DNA increased. These trends are inconsistent with hypotheses based upon each molecules recalcitrance and aqueous solubility, suggesting the influence of alternative stabilization mechanisms that promoted their persistence in the soil. Advisors/Committee Members: Carmen Enid Martinez, Thesis Advisor/Co-Advisor.

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Submitted by PPG Letras ([email protected]) on 2018-10-09T17:40:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Danieli dos Santos Pimentel.pdf: 4896329 bytes, checksum: 8fbcf34615980e06f38eda3d7a624cee (MD5)

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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES

This thesis studies the poetics of transcreation in the editions of A asa e a serpente [The Wing and the Serpent] (1979; 1980; 1988; and 2004), from Brazilian writer Vicente Cecim, with the objective of analyzing, from a comparison of the books, how the author?s literary work is carried by the glance of the (in)visible ink. First, it is created a route of the main aspects of the author?s trajectory, in addition to his relationship with contemporary Brazilian literature. In regard to critical reception of his work, diverse opinions are listed based on records present in the initial publication of A asa e a serpente (1979), passing through more specific analysis of Cecim?s creative universe. In conjunction, we discuss the literary composition of Andara?s cycle, which has as vertices, among others, reflections involving the Being and the perception of (in)visible worlds; the imagery of the labyrinth, as an imaginary space and a metalanguage of Vicente Cecim?s writing; the unfinishedness of literary writing itself and silence as a space opened to the creative imagination. In the chapter on theoretical foundation, an explanation is provided on what is the transcreation poetics through the logic of the writer himself, and how that concept suggests means for analyzing the different editions of A asa e a serpente. Lastly, it is outlined a comparison of the editions, resulting in the conclusion that Vicente Cecim delineates a transcreative writing approach centered between the visible and the invisible, culminating in oscillations which become perceptive trough changes in the writing plane and in the graphic project of the books.

Cette th?se ?tudie la po?tique de la transcr?ation dans les diff?rentes ?ditions du livre A asa e a serpente (1979, 1980, 1988 et 2004), de l??crivain br?silien Vicente Cecim. L?objectif est d?analyser, ? partir de la comparaison entre les ?ditions, comment se construit l??criture litt?raire de l?auteur par le biais de l?encre (in)visible. Dans un premier temps, on pr?sente un parcours des principaux aspects de la trajectoire de l?auteur, et aussi de sa relation avec la litt?rature br?silienne contemporaine. En ce qui concerne la r?ception critique de son oeuvre, on rassemble des opinions diverses bas?es sur des registres pr?sents dans la premi?re publication de A asa e a serpente (1979), en passant…

Advisors/Committee Members: Passos, Marie-H?l?ne Ginette Pascale Paret.

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Submitted by Caroline Xavier ([email protected]) on 2017-04-10T15:08:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_PAULO_HENRIQUE_VANCIN_COMPLETO.pdf: 3234416 bytes, checksum: 53fbe981d0db83ced33b8b3f4247c2f8 (MD5)

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The present dissertation proposes a sensoring technique of autonomous vehicles based on the fusion of inertial sensors and data collected from a camera. The autonomous vehicle designed in this project was built using "Mecanum" wheels, which gives the vehicle the capability to move in any direction without having to change orientation. The sensoring system proposed is based on the Extended Kalman Filter using quaternions for the fusion of inertial sensors and computer vision, with the objective of finding the global position and orientation of the system. The inertial measurements used in these systems are made by an accelerometer and a gyroscope. The computer vision aspect of the project is done by a digital camera and an image processing software, which is designed to capture colored points in the image. The theory used to design the vehicle?s controller is based on the Lyapunov?s Stability Theory. This project presents a theoretical basis related to the various elements that compose the system, the mathematical basis used in the filter?s implementation and the controller?s design, a general view of the vehicle?s structure used to validate the theory and the results obtained in practical tests. The system?s performance analysis was based on the analysis of graphics that shows the vehicle?s trajectory, the position and orientation of the system over time and the stability of the proposed control law. The obtained results shows that the proposed objectives were met in a satisfactory manner.

A presente disserta??o prop?e uma t?cnica de sensoreamento de ve?culos aut?nomos baseada na fus?o de sensores inerciais e de dados provenientes de uma c?mera. O ve?culo aut?nomo utilizado neste trabalho foi constru?do a partir de rodas "Mecanum", que lhe conferem a caracter?stica de omnidirecionalidade, ou seja, ? capaz de movimenta??o em todas as dire??es, sem a necessidade de mudan?a de orienta??o. O sensoreamento proposto ? fundamentado no Filtro de Kalman Estendido utilizando quat?rnios para a fus?o de sensores inerciais e vis?o computacional, com o objetivo de encontrar a posi??o global e orienta??o do sistema. As medi??es inerciais utilizadas nestes sistemas s?o realizadas por uma Unidade de Medi??es Inerciais (IMU). J? a vis?o computacional fica a cargo de uma c?mera aliada a um processamento de imagens, o qual tem por fun??o captar pontos coloridos na imagem. A teoria utilizada para a constru??o do controlador do ve?culo ? baseada na teoria de estabilidade de Lyapunov. Este controlador tem como prop?sito controlar o deslocamento linear e n?o linear do ve?culo omnidirecional. Sendo assim, este trabalho…

Advisors/Committee Members: Salton, Aur?lio Tergolina, Pinho, M?rcio Sarroglia.

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The automatic person re-identification (re-id) problem resides in matching an unknown person image to a database of previously labeled images of people. Among several issues to cope with this research field, person re-id has to deal with person appearance and environment variations. As such, discriminative features to represent a person identity must be robust regardless those variations. Comparison among two image features is commonly accomplished by distance metrics. Although features and distance metrics can be handcrafted or trainable, the latter type has demonstrated more potential to breakthroughs in achieving state-of-the-art performance over public data sets. A recent paradigm that allows to work with trainable features is deep learning, which aims at learning features directly from raw image data. Although deep learning has recently achieved significant improvements in person re-identification, found on some few recent works, there is still room for learning strategies, which can be exploited to increase the current state-of-the-art performance. In this work a novel deep learning strategy is proposed, called here as coarse-to-fine learning (CFL), as well as a novel type of feature, called convolutional covariance features (CCF), for person re-identification. CFL is based on the human learning process. The core of CFL is a framework conceived to perform a cascade network training, learning person image features from generic-to-specific concepts about a person. Each network is comprised of a convolutional neural network (CNN) and a deep belief network denoising autoenconder (DBN-DAE). The CNN is responsible to learn local features, while the DBN-DAE learns global features, robust to illumination changing, certain image deformations, horizontal mirroring and image blurring. After extracting the convolutional features via CFL, those ones are then wrapped in covariance matrices, composing the CCF. CCF and flat features were combined to improve the performance of person re-identification in comparison with component features. The performance of the proposed framework was assessed comparatively against 18 state-of-the-art methods by using public data sets (VIPeR, i-LIDS, CUHK01 and CUHK03), cumulative matching characteristic curves and top ranking references. After a thorough analysis, our proposed framework demonstrated a superior performance.

Advisors/Committee Members: Oliveira, Luciano Rebou??as de, Schnitman, Leizer, Lemes, Rubisley de Paula, Loula, Angelo Conrado, Papa, Jo??o Paulo.

▼ This bachelor thesis deals with the solubilization of hydrophobic dyes in systems of positively charged catanionic vesicles. The aim of the work was to determine their solubilization capacity. Vesicular systems were prepared from oppositely charged surfactants CTAB and SDS. To increase the stability of the vesicles, cholesterol and the positively charged double-chain surfactant DODAC were added to their structure. DODAC also gave the system a positive charge. To determine the solubilization capacity, the dyes 1-Naphthol, Sudan Red G and Oil Red O were used. For sample preparation two methods were used, spontaneous and direct solubilization. The measurement was performed after 1, 2, 3 and 7 days from the preparation of the samples by UV-VIS spectrophotometry. The solubilization capacity was determined from the measured absorbance by calculation from the calibration curves. The results indicate that direct solubilization is slightly more effective than spontaneous solubilization. Of the selected dyes, 1-Naphthol is the substance with the smallest molecule, and therefore it seems to be 100% solubilized in the vesicle system. Advisors/Committee Members: Mravec, Filip (advisor), Krouská, Jitka (referee).

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Submitted by Alex Sandro R?go ([email protected]) on 2016-11-23T18:41:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 IDENTIFICA??O E CLASIFICA??O DE SINALIZA??O HORIZONTAL EM AUTOVIAS UTILIZANDO OPENCV_Francisco_Alves.pdf: 5288985 bytes, checksum: e866e75315506b47d3d232ff39ce4a97 (MD5)

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Acidentes de tr?nsito podem ser fatais, causando a morte ou invalidez de motoristas e pedestres. Desta forma, muitos pesquisadores est?o desenvolvendo meios para deixar os ve?culos mais seguros, atrav?s do uso de sistemas de apoio ? condu??o que auxiliem os motoristas nas mais diversas situa??es no tr?nsito. O objetivo deste trabalho ? propor um sistema para detec??o e classifica??o de linhas de sinaliza??o horizontais em autovias. Sistemas deste tipo podem ajudar a diminuir a quantidade de acidentes de tr?nsito, auxiliando o condutor do ve?culo a permanecer em sua faixa e realizar ultrapassagens apenas em locais permitidos. As imagens das autovias, capturadas por uma c?mera fixada ao para-brisa no interior do ve?culo, s?o analisadas quadro a quadro em tempo real. O sistema proposto foi desenvolvido na linguagem de programa??o C++, utilizando a biblioteca OpenCV, de c?digo aberto, amplamente empregada em vis?o computacional. Dentre outras t?cnicas, utilizou-se o detector de bordas de Canny e a Transformada Probabil?stica de Hough para identifica??o de segmentos de reta. Adicionalmente, foram desenvolvidos m?todos geom?tricos para otimiza??o e elimina??o de segmentos desnecess?rios e um algoritmo para estima??o do ponto de fuga, o qual auxilia na identifica??o dos segmentos mais relevantes para o sistema. Foram realizados sete experimentos apresentando diferentes n?veis de dificuldade. Acur?cias na faixa de valores de 86,58% a 100% foram alcan?adas. Em m?dia, os experimentos obtiveram uma acur?cia de 94,56% na classifica??o dos diferentes tipos de sinaliza??es horizontais.

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Submitted by N??cleo de P??s-Gradua????o Administra????o ([email protected]) on 2017-09-21T20:44:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta????o - Jo??o Victor da Fonseca Galv??o.pdf: 1821717 bytes, checksum: d27adcdce4835830b857795540fcf722 (MD5)

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Esta pesquisa visa identificar as fontes de vantagem competitiva de uma empresa l??der no segmento de fast-food, no qual se percebe um acirramento da competi????o resultante de um processo crescente de internacionaliza????o. Diante da percep????o de uma din??mica de mudan??as nesse setor e a constata????o de uma longevidade das empresas que o lideram, considerou-se como pressuposto que as fontes de vantagem competitiva da empresa estudada v??o al??m dos seus recursos, abrangendo capacidades que lhe permitem adaptar-se a mudan??as. O referencial te??rico escolhido reflete essa compreens??o, utilizando-se de duas abordagens te??ricas complementares: Vis??o Baseada em Recursos e Capacidades Din??micas. A investiga????o foi realizada atrav??s de um estudo de caso na Subway, umas das l??deres do setor. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas semiestururadas, an??lise documental e observa????o da opera????o de uma das unidades. Os resultados identificaram 11 recursos estrat??gicos: tamanho da rede, presen??a global, localiza????es n??o tradicionais, rede global de agentes de desenvolvimento, for??a da marca, acesso a insumos, know-how, reputa????o, recursos financeiros, capacidade de marketing e escrit??rios regionais/continentais. Foram identificadas capacidades din??micas voltadas ?? percep????o das mudan??as de mercado, desenvolvimento de produto, processos e tecnologia. A pesquisa demonstra que essas capacidades utilizam v??rios dos recursos identificados, fato que ratifica a complementaridade entre as abordagens. Ap??s evidenciar diversas mudan??as que ocorreram ao longo da hist??ria do fast-food e os movimentos adaptativos das principais redes, os autores o qualificam como um mercado moderadamente din??mico. Conclui-se que a obten????o de um sucesso duradouro neste segmento exige n??o apenas a posse de recursos estrat??gicos, como tamb??m, o desenvolvimento de capacidades din??micas que permitam ??s empresas se adaptarem a din??mica de mercado.

This research aims to identify the sources of competitive advantage of a leading company in the fast food sector, where it is perceived a competition intensification resulting from a growing process of internationalization. Faced with the perception of a dynamic of changes in this sector and the verification of a longevity of the companies that lead it, it was…

Advisors/Committee Members: Silva J??nior, Ant??nio Francisco de Almeida da, Quintella, Rog??rio Hermida, Monteiro, Augusto de Oliveira.

▼ Whether consciousness depends on attention is a significant question in consciousness research. Consciousness is often studied using binocular rivalry: images causing perceptual fluctuations during invariant physical stimulation. The role that attention plays in this phenomenon was debated. On one hand, the neural competition underlying rivalry appears to resolve in the preattentive stages of visual processing (Tong 1998, Tong 2001, Meng 2004). However, diverting attention has been shown to disrupt rivalry (Zhang 2011, Lee 2007, Brascamp 2012). Analysis addressing the main hypothesis remains in future work, but initial analysis revealed several noteworthy findings. Namely, linear discriminant analysis decoded face and house categories above chance from a low frequency band of EEG data during rivalry. Advisors/Committee Members: Hogendoorn, H..

▼ Recent studies of binocular coordination during reading have discovered that the eyes do not always fixate on the same location. This current study explored the patterns of eye movement of participants with unilateral strabismus during reading. It was found that crossed horizontal disparities were more dominant than uncrossed, and that aligned fixations were least prevalent. The right eye above the left fixations were most prevalent of vertical disparities. The strabismic eye made fewer fixations on words when the higher cognitive load was on the other eye. The healthy eye had to compensate for the intermittent drifts of the strabismic eye. The participants had better control of the strabismic eye when it took on a role of the dominant eye (in crossed fixations). Both vertical and horizontal disparities were distinctly larger than reported in previous research, there were also distinctly fewer aligned horizontal fixations than reported in the majority of previous studies. Horizontal disparities distinctly larger than vertical disparities were observed. Eye coordination in participants with strabismus differed from typical adult readers in terms of magnitudes of fixation disparities due to the drifts of the strabismic eye. Crossed fixations being most advantageous in terms of cognitive processing speed have been observed to be the most prevalent, same as in previous research involving similar experimental setup. Advisors/Committee Members: Shillcock, Richard C.

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Binocular rivalry allows for the unique examination of the neural processes associated with binocular vision by instigating a disruption of normal stereoscopic vision. Although binocular rivalry has been examined extensively in young adults, we know relatively little about its developmental trajectory across the human lifespan. This thesis provides a foundation for characterizing perceptual alternations during binocular rivalry in children and older adults, with a specific emphasis on expanding our understanding of binocular rivalry in older adults. From a theoretical perspective, my studies on aging and binocular rivalry have a specific significance, because unique changes that are known to occur with aging to certain neural mechanisms often associated with characteristics of perceptual alternations allows for the study of aging to serve as a test for many of the current models of binocular rivalry. Overall, my studies provide evidence for a significant transitional period in the binocular visual system at the age of 70 and older, and highlights the developmental trajectories of specific characteristics of binocular rivalry from childhood to senescence.

Thesis

Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Advisors/Committee Members: Sekuler, Allison, Bennett, Patrick, Psychology.

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Architecture module views of software are made up of modules with distinct functional responsibilities but with dependencies between them. Previous work has evaluated architecture recovery techniques of module views in order to better understand their strengths and weaknesses. In this context, different similarity metrics are used to evaluate such techniques, especially those based on clustering algorithms. However, few studies try to evaluate whether such metrics accurately capture the similarities between two clusters. Among the similarity metrics in the literature, we can cite examples from both the field of software engineering and from other fields (e.g., classification). This work evaluates six cluster similarity metrics through intrinsic quality and stability metrics and the use of software architecture models proposed by developers. To do so, we used the dimensions of stability and authoritativeness, in accordance with what has been discussed in the literature. For authoritativeness, the concentration statistics of the MeCl metric were higher, in comparison with the other similarity metrics. However, in the absence of architectural models, the Purity metric shows better results. As architecture models are very relevant to software engineers, we understand that the MeCl metric is the most appropriate. For stability, all metrics have values close to unity, despite the presence of outliers. Here as well, the MeCl metric was considered the best because of its superiority in this item. Being better in both dimensions, especially in authoritativeness, we decided to use the MeCl metric as the basis for comparison of clustering algorithms. We compared, using the MeCl metric, four agglomerative clustering algorithms in the context of four software systems. For both authoritativeness and stability, the SL90 algorithm produced higher values in two of the four systems studied by comparing the data series generated by all algorithms. In this case, the SL90 agglomerative algorithm was the best. In conclusion, we empirically realized that the MeCl metric is the best metric to measure group similarity; regarding the clustering algorithms, no algorithm exceeds the others in all comparisons, although SL90 presented better results in two of the four systems we analyzed

Vis?es arquiteturais modulares de software s?o formadas por m?dulos com responsabilidades distintas mas com depend?ncias entre si. Diversos trabalhos avaliam as t?cnicas de recupera??o arquitetural de vis?es modulares para entender melhor seus pontos fortes e fracos. Neste contexto, diferentes…

Advisors/Committee Members: Bittencourt, Roberto Almeida.

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Submitted by Nadir Basilio ([email protected]) on 2015-11-03T20:00:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Andre Luiz Spinelli Schelini.pdf: 3106922 bytes, checksum: 850f251e3ff6e168bed2787804516a04 (MD5)

Made available in DSpace on 2015-11-03T20:00:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Andre Luiz Spinelli Schelini.pdf: 3106922 bytes, checksum: 850f251e3ff6e168bed2787804516a04 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-12

Firms face challenges of various natures in different competitive environments, depending on the target market, the business model and corporate strategies. Operate in international markets is a constant challenge on the schedule of firms in the global environment to start their internationalization process. Are challenges since the capitalization of resources, new markets and customers, development of competencies and capabilities, directed to the strategic formation of the company's internationalization, among others. This study focuses on three theoretical areas: project management, internationalization of companies and the resource-based view (RBV). Thus defined the following research question: "How the project management maturity contributes to internationalization of Brazilian companies from the perspective of resource-based view???? Particularly analyzed the contributions of mature project management for internationalization features in international Brazilian companies from the RBV-VRIO analysis, ie, examined whether the mature nature of the management of projects adopted by the selected companies are considered strategic resources, with implications competitive, sustainable competitive advantage for the company. The research strategy adopted was a multiple case study of descriptive exploratory approach within-case analysis and cross-case method, in internationalized Brazilian companies from different business segments. As a result, the study found that the project management features: sustainability of the project, involvement of stakeholders, defining objectives and strategies, change management and risk management, have the greatest contribution to the internationalization of selected companies, with implication of competitive advantage sustainable, considering the RBV-VRIO analysis. Thus, the research presents contributions for companies that are or intend to initiate a process of internationalization, so the process is clearer and driven to a better use of market opportunities.

As empresas enfrentam desafios de diversas naturezas em diferentes ambientes competitivos, dependendo do mercado-alvo, do modelo do neg??cio e das estrat??gias corporativas. Atuar em mercados internacionais ?? um desafio constante na pauta das empresas no ambiente globalizado ao iniciar seu processo de internacionaliza????o. S??o desafios desde a capitaliza????o de recursos, conquista de novos mercados e clientes, desenvolvimento de compet??ncias e capacidades, instru??das para a forma????o estrat??gica de internacionaliza????o da empresa, entre outros. Este estudo concentra-se em tr??s eixos te??ricos: a gest??o de projetos,…

Advisors/Committee Members: Martens, Cristina Dai Pr??, Rabechini Junior, Roque, Spers, Renata Giovinazzo, Piscopo, Marcos Roberto, Silveira, Franciane Freitas, Borini, Felipe Mendes.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

In this work we study the structural and magnetic properties of pure and TM-doped CeO2 nanoparticles (TM: Mn, Cr, Co and Fe) obtained by the co-precipitation and hydrothermal methods. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results allied to the Rietveld refinement method indicate that all samples present single-phase with structure isomorphous to the CeO2. Average crystallites size was determined using the full width at half maximum from XRD patterns and their sizes were from of 7 to 13 nm. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images 10% doped samples show the presence of particles with spherical-like morphology and average sizes in good agreement with the estimated by XRD. From ultraviolet–Visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy absorption measurements we estimated the optoelectronic gap of the samples, which vary between 2.87 and 3.44 eV. Analyses from magnetization curves as a function of temperature (MvsT) using Curie-Weiss law show that the number of paramagnetic ions per molecule (n) increases with the increasing of the Mn concentration. Already for 10% doped samples with different ions the (n) obeys the following order Mn ˂ Fe ˂ Cr ˂ Co for samples obtained by co-precipitation and Co ˂ Cr ˂ Mn ˂ Fe for the samples obtained by hydrothermal synthesis. Magnetization curves as a function of the magnetic field (MvsH) show that the the systems present a weak ferromagnetic behavior at 5K and paramagnetic at temperature higher than 200 K.

Neste trabalho estudamos as propriedades estruturais e magnéticas de nanopartículas de CeO2 pura e dopadas com diferentes concentrações de metais de transição (MT: Mn, Cr, Co e Fe) obtidas pelo método de co-precipitação e de síntese hidrotérmica. Resultados de difração de raios X (DRX) aliados ao método de refinamento Rietveld indicam a formação de uma única fase isomorfa ao CeO2, cujos tamanhos médios das nanopartículas variam entre 7 e 13 nm quando sintetizadas por co-precipitação e entre 8 e 12 nm quando obtidas por síntese hidrotérmica. Imagens de microscopia eletrônica de transmissão (MET) das amostras dopadas com 10% dos metais de transição mostram a presença de partículas com morfologia tendendo à esferas e tamanhos médios das partículas em bom acordo com os tamanhos estimados por DRX. Através de medidas de absorção na região do ultravioleta ao visível (UV-vis) estimamos o gap optoeletrônico das amostras, os quais variam entre 2,87 e 3,44 eV. Resultados das medidas de magnetização em função temperatura (MvsT) usando a lei de Curie-Weiss indicam que o número de íons paramagnéticos por molécula cresce de forma sistemática com o aumento da concentração de Mn nos dois métodos de síntese. Já para o caso das amostras dopadas com 10% do MT, esse número obedece a seguinte ordem Mn ˂ Fe ˂ Cr ˂ Co para o sistema obtido por co-precipitação e Co ˂ Cr ˂ Mn ˂ Fe para o sistema obtido por síntese hidrotérmica. Medidas de magnetização em função do campo magnético (MvsH) mostram que as nanopartículas apresentam um possível ordenamento…

Advisors/Committee Members: Meneses, Cristiano Teles de.

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Organic chemistry - Organic chemistry / Organska hemija - Organska hemija

In this thesis, series of (1,3-thiazol-2-yl)- and (1,3-selenazol-2-yl)hydrazones and their Cobalt(III) complexes have been synthesized. All the compounds and complexes have been characterized using elemental analysis, UV-Vis, ATR-FTIR, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The crystal structure of the three newly synthesized compounds (HLS3, 4- Me, 4-OMe) and six Cobalt(III) complex ((1-3)-S and (1-3)-Se were analyzed using single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD)...

Advisors/Committee Members: Marinković, Aleksandar, 1963- 12628327.

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O estudo do comportamento humano ? um tema de grande interesse cient?fico e, provavelmente, uma fonte inesgot?vel de pesquisa. A an?lise de pedestres e grupos em multid?es ? objeto de interesse em diversas ?reas de aplica??o, tais como seguran?a, entretenimento, planejamento de ambientes em espa?os p?blicos e ci?ncias sociais. Aspectos culturais e de personalidade s?o atributos que influenciam o comportamento pessoal e afetam o grupo ao qual o indiv?duo pertence. Neste sentido, a presente tese discute diferentes maneiras de caracterizar indiv?duos e grupos em multid?es, com o objetivo de propor um modelo computacional para extrair caracter?sticas de pedestres em sequ?ncias de v?deos. O modelo proposto considera uma s?rie de caracter?sticas dos pedestres e da multid?o, tais como quantidade e tamanho de grupos, dist?ncias, velocidades, entre outros e realiza o mapeamento destas caracter?sticas em personalidades, emo??es e aspectos culturais, considerando as Dimens?es Culturais de Hofstede (HCD), o modelo de personalidades Big-Five (OCEAN) e o modelo de emo??es OCC. A principal hip?tese ? que existe rela??o entre vari?veis ditas intr?nsecas aos humanos (como emo??o) e a maneira pela qual as pessoas se comportam no espa?o e no tempo. Como uma das principais contribui??es, foram propostas quatro grandes dimens?es de caracter?sticas geom?tricas (Big4GD): I - F?sica, II - Pessoal e Emocional, III - Social e IV - Cultural, as quais buscam descrever o comportamento dos pedestres e grupos na multid?o. A ferramenta GeoMind foi desenvolvida com o prop?sito de detectar as quatro dimens?es geom?tricas, a partir de sequ?ncias de v?deos. Al?m disso, diversas an?lises foram realizadas com o intuito de validar o modelo proposto, desde confrontando resultados com a literatura, incluindo a compara??o de multid?es espont?neas de diversos pa?ses e experimentos controlados envolvendo Diagramas Fundamentais.

The study of human behavior is a subject of great scientific interest and probably an inexhaustible source of research. The analysis of pedestrians and groups in crowds is an object of interest in several areas of application, such as security, entertainment, planning of environments in public spaces and social sciences. Cultural and personality aspects are attributes that influence personal behavior and affect the group to which the individual belongs. In this sense, the present thesis discusses different ways…

Advisors/Committee Members: Musse, Soraia Raupp.

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Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS ([email protected]) on 2016-09-05T16:23:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_MARCELO_CABRAL_GHILARDI_COMPLETO.pdf: 9873850 bytes, checksum: 8dda795f1c369ca356a953b551349a46 (MD5)

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There are more than 35.7 million people with visual impairments in Brazil, of these 6.5 million are totally blind or have great difficulty to see, even with lenses. The white cane and the guide dog are the most used resources to support the mobility of those individuals. However, the white cane offers little information and the guide dog is a resource difficult to access. Considering this context, there are several studies related to navigation support in urban environments for individuals with visual impairments, but there are still many gaps to be researched. The main goal of this work is to present a model that, based on computer vision techniques, can help people with visual impairments to walk on sidewalks. This model offers an integrated solution for location and identification of tactile paving, detection of aerial obstacles, detection of obstacles on the ground and location of crosswalks. The environment information is obtained in several ways, such as camera, ultrasonic sensor and satellite images, and the feedback to the user is sonorous. Experimental results are presented and demonstrate the viability of this approach.

No Brasil, h? mais de 35,7 milh?es de pessoas com defici?ncia visual, sendo que destas 6,5 milh?es s?o incapazes enxergar de modo algum ou possuem grande dificuldade mesmo com lentes. A bengala longa e o c?o guia s?o os meios mais utilizados para auxiliar a mobilidade destes indiv?duos. Por?m, a bengala longa oferece pouca informa??o e o c?o guia ? um recurso de dif?cil acesso. Considerando este contexto, existem v?rios estudos relacionados ao aux?lio a navega??o em ambientes urbanos para indiv?duos com defici?ncia visual, por?m ainda h? muitas lacunas para serem pesquisadas. O objetivo deste trabalho ? apresentar um modelo que, baseado em t?cnicas de vis?o computacional, possa auxiliar indiv?duos com defici?ncia visual a trafegar em cal?adas. Este modelo apresenta uma solu??o integrada para localiza??o e identifica??o de piso t?til, detec??o obst?culos a?reos, detec??o de obst?culos terrestres e localiza??o de faixas de pedestres. As informa??es do ambiente s?o obtidas atrav?s de v?rios meios, tais como c?mera, sensor de ultrassom e imagens de sat?lite, e o feedback ao usu?rio ? sonoro. Resultados experimentais s?o apresentados e demonstram a viabilidade desta abordagem.

Advisors/Committee Members: Manssour, Isabel Harb.

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Submitted by SBI Biblioteca Digital ([email protected]) on 2017-06-28T13:40:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 LUIS GABRIEL PROVINCIATTO.pdf: 2262189 bytes, checksum: e4422f63984b1efe2080cd566a2bd6c0 (MD5)

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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES

This research takes the Martin Heidegger?s thought (1889-1976) as the main theoretical source with the intention to show the following: the Christian religious phenomenon is a viable possibility to understand the characterization given by the German philosopher to the notion of factual experience of life. In this sense, the Christian experience is analyzed in its originating, whence the conception of original Christianity. Christianity itself, as a phenomenon, is an unique element in understanding the proper unfolding of the phenomenological path of Heidegger, especially in texts and lectures of the 1920s. Therefore, two concepts appear as fundamental to this research: "worldview" and "theology." The German philosopher characterizes both terms in the highlighted period. However, this characterization is within a phenomenological-hermeneutic movement, that is, try to understand both what is "world view" as it is "theology" in its essentiality, breaking with the metaphysical tradition. This makes it is stated: "worldview" and "theology" are based on experiential dimension of existence of being-there and both can be understood as a reflection of original Christianity, that is, as a possibility to understand the very believer existence of be there. It cans this be achieved with the aid of a phenomenological-hermeneutical method, able to understand the conceptual constructs developed by Heidegger and bring them together. So try to understand what the original Christianity is in its experiential dimension to be able to show that "worldview" and "theology" are possible consequences of such an experience.

Esta pesquisa toma o pensamento de Martin Heidegger (1889-1976) como principal fonte te?rica com a pretens?o de mostrar o seguinte: o fen?meno religioso crist?o ? uma possibilidade vi?vel para compreender a caracteriza??o dada pelo fil?sofo alem?o ? no??o de experi?ncia f?tica da vida. Nesse sentido, a experi?ncia crist? ? analisada em sua originariedade, donde a concep??o de cristianismo origin?rio. O pr?prio cristianismo, enquanto fen?meno, ? um elemento singular para compreender o pr?prio desdobramento do percurso fenomenol?gico de Heidegger, sobretudo nos textos e prele??es da d?cada de 1920. Por isso, outros dois conceitos aparecem como fundamentais a esta pesquisa: ?vis?o de mundo? e ?teologia?. Ambos os termos s?o caracterizados pelo fil?sofo alem?o no per?odo destacado. No entanto, tal caracteriza??o se encontra dentro de um movimento fenomenol?gico-hermen?utico, ou seja, busca-se compreender tanto o que seja ?vis?o de…

Advisors/Committee Members: Kirchner, Renato, Fernandes, Marcos Aur?lio, Gon?alves, Paulo S?rgio Lopes.

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Submitted by Nadir Basilio ([email protected]) on 2018-04-03T18:34:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Gabriel Francisco Pistillo Fernandes.pdf: 2511512 bytes, checksum: ff3c00f73857bac7fbcb27ac806f0f21 (MD5)

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The telecommunications market is strategic for a country, project management is a recent and expanding discipline, relating project management and companies strategy is important for the competition at the telecommunications market. The objective of this work is to verify the influence of project management in obtaining competitive advantages at telecommunications companies. To achieve that a multiple case study was held, trough interviews with two project management executives, in two leading multinational telecommunications companies in Brazil. The study evaluated the relationship between project management maturity through the Kerzner Project Management Maturity Model (KPMMM) and the Resource Based View (RBV) at the generation of sustainable competitive advantages by assessing the model Value Rarity Inimitability Organization (VRIO) in conjunction with market performance indicators at the two companies. It was observed that the company A is at level 5 in KPMMM model and company B at level 3, that company A shows higher perception of VRIO model items for project management resources, and furthermore that company A has a better financial performance. So there are indications that the project management maturity can contribute to the generation of sustainable competitive advantages. As theoretical contributions the study presents the proposition which indicates that the project management may contribute to the generation of sustainable competitive advantages. As practical contributions this work presents the diagnosis carried out at the two companies and the instruments to replicate this inquire at other telecommunications companies.

O mercado de telecomunica????es ?? estrat??gico para um pa??s, o gerenciamento de projetos ?? uma disciplina recente e em expans??o, relacionar o gerenciamento de projetos a estrat??gia das empresas ?? importante para a competi????o no mercado de telecomunica????es. O objetivo deste trabalho ?? a verifica????o da influ??ncia do gerenciamento de projetos para a obten????o de vantagens competitivas em empresas de telecomunica????es. Para isso foi desenvolvido neste trabalho um estudo de casos m??ltiplos, por meio de entrevistas com dois executivos de projetos, em duas empresas multinacionais de telecomunica????es l??deres no Brasil. O estudo avaliou a rela????o entre maturidade em gerenciamento de projetos pelo modelo Kerzner Project Management Maturity Model (KPMMM) e a Vis??o Baseada em Recursos na gera????o de vantagens competitivas sustent??veis pela avali????o do modelo Valor Raridade Imitabilidade imperfeita Organiza????o (VRIO) em conjunto com a an??lise de…

Advisors/Committee Members: Garcez, Marcos Paix??o, Garcez, Marcos Paix??o, Russo, Rosaria de Fatima Segger Macri, Silveira, Franciane Freitas.

▼ Az elmúlt években egyre gyakrabban hallunk a világ különböző pontjain bekövetkező természeti és civilizációs katasztrófákról és azok óriási horderejű – emberi életeket követelő, egész ország, nagyobb régió gazdasági helyzetét megingató – következményeiről. Amíg ezeket csak a híradásokban látjuk, addig nem is fogható fel teljesen az elszenvedett károk szerteágazó negatív hatása. Az árvíz miatt 2001. március 6-án bekövetkezett tarpai gátszakadás, a 2002. és 2006. évi dunai és tiszai árvíz, a fővárosban 2006. augusztus 20-án öt ember halálát követelő vihar, a hatalmas károkat okozó 2010. május-júniusi borsodi árvíz, valamint a 2010. október 4-én bekövetkezett vörösiszap-katasztrófa mind közelebb hozták a lakossághoz a katasztrófák lehetőségét, sokan a saját bőrükön tapasztalták, mások a rokonság, ismeretségi kör által érezhették át ezeknek az eseményeknek a borzalmas következményeit. Ugyan a vis maior támogatás mostanra kialakult rendszere kipróbálásra és alkalmazásra került nagy kiterjedésű, súlyos események során, azonban még mindig sokak számára, – többek között az önkormányzatok számára is – új terület. Általánosságban elmondható, hogy szinte nincs olyan pályázat, amely során ne lenne szükség legalább egyszer hiánypótlásra. Ennek az lehet az oka, hogy a vis maior szabályrendszer nem képezi semmilyen képzés, oktatás anyagát. Az elbírálásban résztvevő, közreműködő szervek esetében találkozhatunk a témával különböző értekezleteken, éves beszámolókban, azonban itt is inkább az elért eredmények kerülnek napirendre, nem pedig magának az eljárásnak az ismertetése. Ebben látom témaválasztásom aktualitását és szükségességét, hiszen a támogatásra vonatkozó jogszabályok, az eljárásrend pontos ismerete elengedhetetlen az önkormányzatok számára, hiszen csak így tudnak sikeresen pályázni. Az amúgy is szűkös vis maior keret, valamint a pályázó önkormányzatok száma miatt a szabályozás jogvesztő határidőket tartalmaz, amivel egyértelműen ki lehet zárni a támogatásból a jelentkezőket. Emellett az eljárás, már a több lépcsős ellenőrzési rend kialakításával, a rengeteg kötelező melléklettel további szűrőt jelent a pályázók között. Az eljárás részleteibe menő tanulmányozása felvértezi az önkormányzatokat a különböző „szűrőkön” való átjutásra. Mindez szükséges az amúgy is forrásokban szűkölködő önkormányzatok feladatainak ellátásához, ugyanis egy-egy ilyen esemény súlyos összegeket vonhat el a költségvetésükből, – ha egyáltalán rendelkeznek a védekezéshez, helyreállításhoz szükséges pénzeszközzel – amely működőképességüket veszélyeztetheti. Nem szabad tehát megengedni, hogy károsult, arra ténylegesen rászoruló önkormányzatok egy kisebb eljárási hiba miatt essenek el a támogatástól, illetve azt sem, hogy a nem kellőképpen alapos, körültekintő ellenőrzések miatt olyanok részesüljenek támogatásban, akik egyébként nem felelnek meg teljes körűen a feltételeknek, elvéve ezzel a véges vis maior keretből a rászorulók elől. Dolgozatom célja tehát, hogy bemutassam a vis maior támogatás adta lehetőségeket, a jogszabályi háttérben bekövetkezett… Advisors/Committee Members: Csűrös, Gabriella (advisor).

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Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas

Considering the gap in cognitive assessment of special needs population, this study s aimed to build three subtests (verbal, memory and logical space) to evaluate the intelligence of visually impaired children. In order to achieve this goal, four studies were conducted: (1) research and knowledge of methods and materials used in visually impaired children s education, in order that this information could contribute to the construction of the subtests; (2) subtests construction, based on current theories of intelligence and information obtained from Study 1; (3) pilot study aiming to assess the suitability of its subtests and items among 14 visually impaired children, aged 7 to 12 years old (M = 10.28 years, SD = 1.58), six females and eight males. Within those, ten classified with low vision, eight with congenital and two with acquired disease. Four children were classified with total blindness, two with acquired deficiency and two with congenital deficiency; (4) performance comparison between blind and sighted children (n=17, M=9.94 years, SD=1.43; all female) in relation to the difficulties encountered, number of hits and subtests runtime. The results showed, by testing mean difference, in general, fitness subtests of the target population, with little need for modification of items. It was found a better performance on children with vision capability in relation to children with visual impairments. In relation to type of blindness, children with congenital deficiency showed better results when compared to children with acquired disabilities. Regarding the degree of disability, children with low vision performed better than complete blind children. Although it was possible to note the influence of age and education level in verbal subtest and sex variable in memory subtest. We conclude that this study brought relevant data regarding the importance of a specific instrument for the assessment of intelligence on children with visual impairment. Studies with larger samples can enrich and contribute to the validity of the instrument built.

Diante da lacuna existente na avalia??o cognitiva de popula??es especiais, essa pesquisa teve como objetivo a constru??o de tr?s subtestes (verbal, mem?ria e l?gico-espacial) para avalia??o da intelig?ncia de crian?as deficientes visuais. Como forma de atingir tal objetivo, quatro estudos foram conduzidos: (1) investiga??o e conhecimento de metodologias e materiais utilizados na educa??o de crian?as com defici?ncia visual, com a finalidade de que tais informa??es pudessem contribuir para a constru??o dos subtestes; (2) constru??o dos subtestes, baseados nas teorias atuais de intelig?ncia e nas informa??es obtidas a partir do Estudo 1; (3) estudo piloto com o objetivo de erificar a adequa??o dos subtestes e de seus itens junto a…

Advisors/Committee Members: Nakano, Tatiana de C?ssia, Wechsler, Solange Muglia, Noronha, Ana Paula Porto.

▼ Although the visual system’s susceptibility to plasticity early in development is especially pronounced (Hubel and Wiesel, 1965, 1970), research has shown that plasticity occurs in adult visual processing as well (Gilbert, 1992; Heinen & Skavenski, 1991). Previous research (Hollins & Hudnell, 1980; Klink, Brascamp, Blake, & Van Wezel, 2010) has proposed that inducing adult plasticity is possible through visual adaptation to dichoptically incongruent spatial gratings, so that each eye sees an independent image. This type of viewing produces a perceptual phenomenon called binocular rivalry. The visual system’s incapability of focusing on both images simultaneously subjects the viewer to constant perceptual switching, so that only one image dominates perceptual awareness at a time (Alias & Blake, 2005). Prolonged binocular rivalry may thus impose experience-driven plasticity on the binocular integration system. Persistent viewing of incongruent images weakens an interocular inhibition mechanism that normally suppresses the binocular integration of opposing stimuli, and remains weakened until exposed to normal, congruent binocular vision once more (Hollins & Hudnell, 1980; Klink et al., 2010). Perceptually, the viewer increasingly experiences mixtures of incongruent images or decreasing perceptual exclusivity. The present study extended this paradigm by randomly assigning participants to one of four interocular orientation difference (IOD) groups (90º, 45º, 37.5º, and 30º). It was expected that reducing IOD would also reduce interocular inhibition. The manipulation permits a direct test of the hypothesis that perceptual adaptation stems from weakened interocular inhibition. A significant reduction in perceptual exclusivity was found between the 30º IOD and other IOD conditions, as well as between the 37.5º and 45º IOD conditions. However, the study failed to produce decreased perceptual exclusivity with respect to time for any IOD condition, including the 90º IOD which was intended to replicate experimental conditions utilized in previous research (Hollins & Hudnell, 1980; Klink et al., 2010). The discrepancy in these findings may stem from a larger (n=60), more diverse, and inexperienced sample of observers. It is also possible that the small IOD conditions fell within a perceptual threshold that begins to elicit stereopsis (Blakemore, Fiorentini, & Maffei, 1972) in observers, despite the lack of adaptation effects. Advisors/Committee Members: Rick Owen Gilmore, Thesis Advisor/Co-Advisor.

▼ Stereopsis is critical for interaction with our environment. However, binocular disparity in natural images is often ambiguous and this makes it difficult to establish a binocular correspondence solution. In my thesis, I focus on both the challenges of this problem and solutions that the brain applies. To study brain function, I use Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) which allows me to causally relate induced changes in neural activity with changes in depth perception. This way I can map out neural mechanisms of stereopsis within the visual cortex. As a first step, I conducted a proof of concept study to confirm where in the visual cortex TMS can be used to study perception. I systematically mapped out where in the visual cortex TMS triggers self-propagating, perceptually noticeable neural activation. I related this to the retinotopic organisation and the location of object- and motion-selective areas, identified by functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging. My work confirms that TMS can trigger perceptually significant neural activation in early and dorsal visual areas. In my second chapter, I investigated how incoherent binocular disparity challenges stereopsis. As disparity coherence is reduced it becomes increasingly challenging to establish global correspondence and consequently observers struggle to perceive depth. Interestingly, this problem is less severe when images contain a mixture of bright and dark features (mixed contrast polarity). By locating where in the brain disparity processing benefits from mixed contrast polarity, I can infer where incoherent disparity might challenge mechanisms of stereopsis. I applied TMS during discrimination of incoherent disparity in images with mixed or single contrast polarity. I found that stimulation over V1 differentially affects perception of mixed and single polarity stimuli. My findings show that mechanisms of stereopsis in early visual cortex process mixed and single polarity differently and suggest these mechanisms are challenged by incoherent disparity. In my final chapter, I investigated the role of parietal cortex in the processing of incoherent disparity information. Findings in both macaque monkeys and human observers suggest that the dorsal visual cortex is particularly involved in the processing of incoherent disparity signals. Here, I tested the role of the posterior parietal cortex in human observers. I used brain stimulation to suppress synaptic transmission in parietal cortex and recorded electroencephalography during incoherent disparity processing. Disrupting parietal cortex caused changes in early, disparity responses in visual cortex. This suggests that parietal cortex provides top-down influence to the visual cortex relevant to incoherent disparity processing.

▼ Objective: Binocular vision provides the most accurate and precise depth information; however, many people have impairments in binocular visual function. It is currently unknown whether depth information from another modality can improve depth perception during action planning and execution. Therefore, the goal of this thesis was to assess whether somatosensory input improves target localization during the performance of a precision placement task. It was hypothesized that somatosensory input regarding target location will improve task performance. Methods: Thirty visually normal participants performed a bead-threading task with their right hand during binocular and monocular viewing. Upper limb kinematics and eye movements were recorded using the Optotrak and EyeLink 2 while participants picked up the beads and placed them on a vertical needle. In study 1, somatosensory and visual feedback provided input about needle location (i.e., participants could see their left hand holding the needle). In study 2, only somatosensory feedback was provided (i.e., view of the left hand holding the needle was blocked, and practice trials were standardized). The main outcome variables that were examined were placement time, peak acceleration, and mean position and variability of the limb along the trajectory. A repeated analysis of variance with 2 factors, Viewing Condition (binocular/left eye monocular/right eye monocular) and Modality (vision/somatosensory) was used to test the hypothesis. Results: Results from study 1 were in accordance with our hypothesis, showing a significant interaction between viewing condition and modality for placement time (p=0.0222). Specifically, when somatosensory feedback was provided, placement time was >150 ms shorter in both monocular viewing conditions compared to the vision only condition. In contrast, somatosensory feedback did not significantly affect placement time during binocular viewing. There was no evidence to support that motor planning was improved when somatosensory input about end target location was provided. Limb trajectory showed a deviation toward needle location along azimuth at various kinematic markers during movement execution when somatosensory feedback was provided. Results from study 2 showed a main effect of modality for placement time (p=0.0288); however, the interaction between modality and vision was not significant. The results also showed that somatosensory input was associated with faster movement times and higher peak accelerations. Similar to study one, limb trajectory showed a deviation toward needle location at various kinematic markers during movement execution when somatosensory feedback was provided. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that information from another modality can improve planning and execution of reaching movements under certain conditions. It may be that the role of somatosensory input is not as effective when practice is not administered. It is important to note that despite the improved performance when somatosensory input was…

▼ Stereopsis is critical for interaction with our environment. However, binocular disparity in natural images is often ambiguous and this makes it difficult to establish a binocular correspondence solution. In my thesis, I focus on both the challenges of this problem and solutions that the brain applies. To study brain function, I use Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) which allows me to causally relate induced changes in neural activity with changes in depth perception. This way I can map out neural mechanisms of stereopsis within the visual cortex. As a first step, I conducted a proof of concept study to confirm where in the visual cortex TMS can be used to study perception. I systematically mapped out where in the visual cortex TMS triggers self-propagating, perceptually noticeable neural activation. I related this to the retinotopic organisation and the location of object- and motion-selective areas, identified by functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging. My work confirms that TMS can trigger perceptually significant neural activation in early and dorsal visual areas. In my second chapter, I investigated how incoherent binocular disparity challenges stereopsis. As disparity coherence is reduced it becomes increasingly challenging to establish global correspondence and consequently observers struggle to perceive depth. Interestingly, this problem is less severe when images contain a mixture of bright and dark features (mixed contrast polarity). By locating where in the brain disparity processing benefits from mixed contrast polarity, I can infer where incoherent disparity might challenge mechanisms of stereopsis. I applied TMS during discrimination of incoherent disparity in images with mixed or single contrast polarity. I found that stimulation over V1 differentially affects perception of mixed and single polarity stimuli. My findings show that mechanisms of stereopsis in early visual cortex process mixed and single polarity differently and suggest these mechanisms are challenged by incoherent disparity. In my final chapter, I investigated the role of parietal cortex in the processing of incoherent disparity information. Findings in both macaque monkeys and human observers suggest that the dorsal visual cortex is particularly involved in the processing of incoherent disparity signals. Here, I tested the role of the posterior parietal cortex in human observers. I used brain stimulation to suppress synaptic transmission in parietal cortex and recorded electroencephalography during incoherent disparity processing. Disrupting parietal cortex caused changes in early, disparity responses in visual cortex. This suggests that parietal cortex provides top-down influence to the visual cortex relevant to incoherent disparity processing.

▼ In binocular vision, performance may be superior or inferior to monocular performance depending upon the stimuli presented to each eye. In addition, monocular or binocular visual performance may be affected by the presence of features surrounding a target stimulus. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of interocular stimulus similarities on a foveal acuity task in normally sighted children and adults.Liquid crystal shutter goggles synchronized with the monitor frame rate were used to present a Landolt C and surround bars to one or both eyes, in the following four viewing conditions. • Monocular: the Landolt C surrounded by bars was presented to the tested eye while the non-tested eye was occluded with a black opaque patch.• Binocular: the Landolt C surrounded by bars was presented to both eyes.• Dichoptic: the Landolt C was presented to the tested eye and flanking bars were presented to the non-tested eye.• Half-binocular: the Landolt C was presented to the tested eye and flanking bars were presented to both eyes. Discrimination of the orientation of a Landolt C was measured under each condition in 56 normally sighted children (7 to 14 years of age) and 22 adults (21 to 38 years of age). The effect of the surround bars (crowding) was tested in a subgroup of 9 children, and 10 adults.Across all age groups acuity was significantly better in the binocular condition than in the other three viewing conditions (binocular summation), and was significantly better in the half-binocular than in the dichoptic condition. In children, but not in adults, acuity was significantly better without than with bars.Interocular similarities may explain the enhanced visual acuity in the half-binocular condition in comparison with the dichoptic condition for all age groups tested. The results suggest that interocular interactions underpinning discrimination under these viewing conditions are developed in early childhood. The foveal crowding effect is immature at the beginning of school age, and maturation involves a reduction of this effect. These findings may have implications for the design of stimuli for binocular vision training therapies. Advisors/Committee Members: Asper, Lisa, Optometry & Vision Science, Faculty of Science, UNSW, Suttle, Catherine, Optometry & Vision Science, Faculty of Science, UNSW, Alexander, Jack, Optometry & Vision Science, Faculty of Science, UNSW.