You searched for subject:( Urinary Tract Infection).
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University of Nairobi
1.
Phoebe, Amesa A.
Utilization of Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infection Bundle Among Critical Care Nurses - Kenyatta National Hospital
.
Degree: 2016, University of Nairobi
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11295/100279 
► Background Majority if not all patients admitted in the Critical Care Units (CCU) have indwelling urinary catheters. These catheters stay for the entire period that…
(more)
▼ Background
Majority if not all patients admitted in the Critical Care Units (CCU) have indwelling urinary catheters. These catheters stay for the entire period that these patients are admitted, hence the risk of developing Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infections (CAUTI). Due to the high prevalence of CAUTI worldwide, the Centre of Disease Control (CDC) initiated reduction strategies. These strategies were bundled into prevention care bundles recommended as gold standard in caring for catheterized patients. The prevalence has still remained high even with the introduction of the bundles increasing the morbidity, mortality, hospital stay and cost. Nurses are charged with the responsibility of catheter care making them accountable for the utilization of the CAUTI bundle. This bundle should be utilized all the time during patient care.
Study objective: To determine the extent of Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infection bundle utilization among critical care nurses at Kenyatta National Hospital.
Methodology: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study on 95 nurses. Cochrane formula was used to determine the sample size which was selected using cluster sampling that comprised of the critical care units. Systematic random sampling was used in each cluster. A structured questionnaire and an observation checklist was used to collect data based on the elements of the bundle. Analysis of data was done using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0. Descriptive statistics that is mean, mode, median & standard deviation and inferential statistics that is chi-square test, odds ratio & pearsons’ correlation were used to analyze the data which was presented in form of figures and tables.
Results
The nurses utilized the bundle though some elements were better utilized than others. The nurses who had knowledge on the bundle utilized it 24.1 times more than those who did not [OR 24.1; 95% CI 6.7 - 104; P < 0.01]. It was also noted that utilization of the bundle was 36.2 times higher among the nurses who knew about the bundle elements [OR 36.2; 95% CI 9.98 - 144; P< 0.001]. Generally, the nurses utilized the bundle. They also adhered to the bundle at 49.5% (P>0.005) though there was no statistically significant association between the demographic characteristics and adherence to the bundle. There was a weak correlation between the reported and observed bundle utilization [r = 0.043; 95% CI 0.16 – 0.24; P = 0.678].
Conclusion
Nurses working at Kenyatta National Hospital’s critical care units utilized and adhered to the bundle. There was a weak correlation between the observed and reported bundle utilization. The nurses faced various challenges that hindered their practice on bundle utilization and adherence. The challenges which hindered utilization and adherence to the bundle were resources, resistance to change, lack of audits, continuing medical education and standardized way of practice that is standard operating procedures, checklist. It is therefore recommended that there be continuing…
Subjects/Keywords: Urinary Tract Infection
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APA (6th Edition):
Phoebe, A. A. (2016). Utilization of Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infection Bundle Among Critical Care Nurses - Kenyatta National Hospital
. (Thesis). University of Nairobi. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11295/100279
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Phoebe, Amesa A. “Utilization of Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infection Bundle Among Critical Care Nurses - Kenyatta National Hospital
.” 2016. Thesis, University of Nairobi. Accessed April 15, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/11295/100279.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Phoebe, Amesa A. “Utilization of Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infection Bundle Among Critical Care Nurses - Kenyatta National Hospital
.” 2016. Web. 15 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Phoebe AA. Utilization of Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infection Bundle Among Critical Care Nurses - Kenyatta National Hospital
. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Nairobi; 2016. [cited 2021 Apr 15].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11295/100279.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Phoebe AA. Utilization of Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infection Bundle Among Critical Care Nurses - Kenyatta National Hospital
. [Thesis]. University of Nairobi; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11295/100279
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Loyola University Chicago
2.
Hochstedler, Baylie.
Longitudinal Urinary Microbiome Studies: A Need to
Transition to Voided Urine.
Degree: MS, Microbiology and
Immunology, 2019, Loyola University Chicago
URL: https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_theses/3992
► It is now established that the bladder is not sterile; it contains communities of microbes (microbiota). While the healthy bladder microbiota have been defined using…
(more)
▼ It is now established that the bladder is
not sterile; it contains communities of microbes (microbiota).
While the healthy bladder microbiota have been defined using
expanded quantitative urine culture (EQUC) and urines obtained by
transurethral catheterization (TUC), longitudinal and population
studies have not previously been possible. These studies cannot be
done using TUC urines, as it would be impractical to catheterize
participants daily. Instead, we must transition to using voided
urines.In order to make this switch, we have addressed three main
issues raised by using voided urine. First, we showed that EQUC out
performs standard urine culture on voided urines in a clinically
relevant population. Next, we defined the constituents of the
urethral and peri-urethral microbiota in an attempt to
"deconstruct" voided urine. Finally, we identified a "cleaner"
catch method. Combined, these studies provide crucial insight for
interpreting voided urine for urinary microbiome
research.
Subjects/Keywords: Microbiome; Microbiota; Urethra; Urinary Tract; Urinary Tract Infection; Urine Collection; Microbiology
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Hochstedler, B. (2019). Longitudinal Urinary Microbiome Studies: A Need to
Transition to Voided Urine. (Thesis). Loyola University Chicago. Retrieved from https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_theses/3992
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Hochstedler, Baylie. “Longitudinal Urinary Microbiome Studies: A Need to
Transition to Voided Urine.” 2019. Thesis, Loyola University Chicago. Accessed April 15, 2021.
https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_theses/3992.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Hochstedler, Baylie. “Longitudinal Urinary Microbiome Studies: A Need to
Transition to Voided Urine.” 2019. Web. 15 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Hochstedler B. Longitudinal Urinary Microbiome Studies: A Need to
Transition to Voided Urine. [Internet] [Thesis]. Loyola University Chicago; 2019. [cited 2021 Apr 15].
Available from: https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_theses/3992.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Hochstedler B. Longitudinal Urinary Microbiome Studies: A Need to
Transition to Voided Urine. [Thesis]. Loyola University Chicago; 2019. Available from: https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_theses/3992
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Addis Ababa University
3.
Yamirot, Merga.
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile of Bacterial Uropathogens Isolated from Pediatric Patients at Yekatit 12 Hospital Medical College
.
Degree: 2014, Addis Ababa University
URL: http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/5804
► Abstract Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is considered as the most common bacterial infectious disease seen among the pediatric patients. Objective: This study was carried…
(more)
▼ Abstract
Background:
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is considered as the most common
bacterial infectious disease seen among the pediatric patients.
Objective: This study was carried out in order to determine the antimicrobial
Susceptibility Profile of Bacterial Uropathogens Isolates from Pediatric Patients at Yekatit 12
Hospital Medical College
Materials and Methods Clean voided mid-stream urine specimens were obtained from
patients in sterile universal bottles. Urine collected from each patient was inoculated onto
CLED and blood agar plats using calibrated inoculating loop with a capacity of 0.001ml,
Inoculated plates were incubated for 24- 48 hours at 37°C at inverted position aerobically.
Bacterial isolates were characterized/ indented by gram stain and by using an array of
standard routine biochemical test. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was carried out by using
the Kirby Bauer disc diffusion.
Result: The data was analyzed by using SPSS, version 17. Descriptive statistics was
computed for most of the study variables and Frequency distribution tables were used to
describe the findings. In this study a total of 384 pediatric patients (199 males and 185
females) aged between 0 years to 15 years from whom urine sample were collected were
enrolled. Of these patients, 61 (15.9%) had significant bacteriuria. Of the 185 females, 36
(19.5%) have positive cultures while 25 (12.6%) of the 199 males had significant bacteriuria
and the largest number of study subjects were below age 3 years and the largest positive
culture was obtained from this age group, accounting 35 (57.4%.) out of 61 positive culture.
Bacterial species belonging to six genera were isolated and identified from 61 positive
cultures and the genera were Escherichiai, Klebsiella, Staphylococcus, Proteus, Acnitobacter
and Entrococcus. and E. coli was isolated in 28 cases (28/61, 49.5 %), followed by Klebsilla
spp. in 17 cases (17/61, 27.9%), Staphylococcus spp. in 5 patients (5/61, 8.2%.) ( S. aureus in
one and coagulase negative staphylococci in 4 case), Entrococcus in 7 case (7/61, 11 5%),
Proteus spp. in 3 cases (3/61, 4.9%) ) and Acenitobacte in one case (1/61,1.6%). Of bacterial
isolates E. coli was found out to be the most common pathogen followed by Klebsiella spp..
Furthermore E. coli and klebsiella spp. were the most common pathogen in female patients
accounting 71. 4% and 64.7% respectively. percentage resistance of Klebsilla spp was much
higher when compared to E.coli. Eighty eight percent of Klebsiell spp. were resistant to
8
cefotaxim, ceftazidim, trimetroprimsulfamethoxazole and cefuroxime. Acentobacter spp. was
100% resistances to gentamicin, trimetroprimsulfamethoxazole , agumentin, and nalidixic
acid . But they were 100% susceptible to ciprofloxacin, cefuroxime , norfloxacine,
cefotaxim,chloramphenicol and ceftazidim . On the other hand, proteus spp. were 100%
sensitive to all drugs except nitrofurantion. Species of Entrocuccus were resistance of 71.4%
to chloramphenicol and 85.7% to both…
Advisors/Committee Members: Adane Bitew (MSc, PhD) (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Urinary tract infection (UTI); Bacterial Uropathogens
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APA ·
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Yamirot, M. (2014). Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile of Bacterial Uropathogens Isolated from Pediatric Patients at Yekatit 12 Hospital Medical College
. (Thesis). Addis Ababa University. Retrieved from http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/5804
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Yamirot, Merga. “Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile of Bacterial Uropathogens Isolated from Pediatric Patients at Yekatit 12 Hospital Medical College
.” 2014. Thesis, Addis Ababa University. Accessed April 15, 2021.
http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/5804.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Yamirot, Merga. “Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile of Bacterial Uropathogens Isolated from Pediatric Patients at Yekatit 12 Hospital Medical College
.” 2014. Web. 15 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Yamirot M. Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile of Bacterial Uropathogens Isolated from Pediatric Patients at Yekatit 12 Hospital Medical College
. [Internet] [Thesis]. Addis Ababa University; 2014. [cited 2021 Apr 15].
Available from: http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/5804.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Yamirot M. Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile of Bacterial Uropathogens Isolated from Pediatric Patients at Yekatit 12 Hospital Medical College
. [Thesis]. Addis Ababa University; 2014. Available from: http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/5804
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Universidade Estadual de Campinas
4.
Martinez, Mayara Hidalgo Magri, 1984-.
Proposta de algoritmo para triagem e investigação laboratorial da infecção do trato urinário.
Degree: Faculdade de Ciências Médicas; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, 2012, Universidade Estadual de Campinas
URL: MARTINEZ,
Mayara
Hidalgo
Magri.
Proposta
de
algoritmo
para
triagem
e
investigação
laboratorial
da
infecção
do
trato
urinário.
2012.
111
p.
Dissertação
(mestrado)
-
Universidade
Estadual
de
Campinas,
Faculdade
de
Ciências
Médicas,
Campinas,
SP.
Disponível
em:
<http://www.repositorio.unicamp.br/handle/REPOSIP/308691>.
Acesso
em:
21
ago.
2018.
;
http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/308691
► Orientadores: Célia Regina Garlipp, Carlos Emilio Levy
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T18:20:39Z (GMT).…
(more)
▼ Orientadores: Célia Regina Garlipp, Carlos Emilio Levy
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T18:20:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Martinez_MayaraHidalgoMagri_M.pdf: 2010266 bytes, checksum: 23bb4f89ea7b258a0fd5fe0e20f6cc1f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012
Resumo: Infecção do trato urinário (ITU) é muito comum na prática clínica, acometendo pessoas de ambos os sexos em todas as faixas etárias. Para seu diagnóstico é importante definir rapidamente a presença de bacteriúria e piúria bem como a etiologia da doença através da urocultura. A urocultura é o teste microbiológico mais comum na prática laboratorial, embora seja um procedimento demorado e de custo relativamente elevado. Nosso objetivo foi avaliar a aplicação de um sistema automatizado de análise da urina (LabUMat/UriSed) como método de triagem para a investigação de ITU através da comparação de
seus resultados com os das uroculturas. Analisamos amostras de urina de pacientes adultos e crianças de ambos os sexos provenientes de ambulatórios e enfermarias do Hospital de Clínicas da UNICAMP encaminhados às Seções de Líquidos Biológicos e Microbiologia da Divisão de Patologia Clínica para análise físicoquímica, sedimento e urocultura. Foram estabelecidos valores de cortes baseados na comparação dos resultados das uroculturas com os parâmetros urinários: leucócito-esterase, nitrito, leucócitos, bactérias e leveduras, sendo que a positividade de pelo menos um destes parâmetros classificava a amostra para uma triagem positiva para ITU. O estudo foi conduzido em três etapas: Na primeira etapa, a análise de 2126 amostras de urinas permitiu adotar um primeiro valor de corte para os parâmetros analisados: contagem de bactérias >11/campo; contagem de leucócitos >5/campo, presença de leveduras além de nitrito e leucócito-esterase positivos. Esses valores foram comparados
com os resultados da urocultura em meio CLED e testados na rotina laboratorial. Em uma segunda etapa, com a finalidade de aprimorar o valor de corte dos parâmetros e aumentar o valor preditivo positivo sem comprometer o valor preditivo negativo, estabeleceu-se um novo valor de corte. Para tanto, foram analisadas 2075 amostras de urinas e com os seguintes valores de corte estabelecidos: contagem de bactérias 'maior ou igual'12,5/campo; contagem de leucócitos >5/campo, presença de leveduras e nitrito bem como leucócito-esterase positivo 'maior ou igual'2+. Esses valores foram comparados com os resultados das uroculturas em meio CLED e testados na rotina laboratorial. A fim de refinar e validar o teste de triagem para urocultura foram analisados, em uma terceira etapa, 1379 amostras de urina. Nesta etapa os valores de corte dos parâmetros foram: contagem de bactérias >12,5/campo, contagem de leucócitos >5/campo, presença de leveduras e leucócito - esterase
positivos 'maior ou igual'2+. Nesta etapa as amostras cujos parâmetros urinários avaliados estavam abaixo do valor de corte, foram consideradas negativas…
Advisors/Committee Members: UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS, Levy, Carlos Emilio, 1949-, Garlipp, Celia Regina, 1953-, Andriolo, Adagmar, Schreiber, Angélica Zaninelli.
Subjects/Keywords: Triagem; Screening; Urinary tract infection; Automated urinalysis
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Martinez, Mayara Hidalgo Magri, 1. (2012). Proposta de algoritmo para triagem e investigação laboratorial da infecção do trato urinário. (Masters Thesis). Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Retrieved from MARTINEZ, Mayara Hidalgo Magri. Proposta de algoritmo para triagem e investigação laboratorial da infecção do trato urinário. 2012. 111 p. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Campinas, SP. Disponível em: <http://www.repositorio.unicamp.br/handle/REPOSIP/308691>. Acesso em: 21 ago. 2018. ; http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/308691
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Martinez, Mayara Hidalgo Magri, 1984-. “Proposta de algoritmo para triagem e investigação laboratorial da infecção do trato urinário.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Accessed April 15, 2021.
MARTINEZ, Mayara Hidalgo Magri. Proposta de algoritmo para triagem e investigação laboratorial da infecção do trato urinário. 2012. 111 p. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Campinas, SP. Disponível em: <http://www.repositorio.unicamp.br/handle/REPOSIP/308691>. Acesso em: 21 ago. 2018. ; http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/308691.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Martinez, Mayara Hidalgo Magri, 1984-. “Proposta de algoritmo para triagem e investigação laboratorial da infecção do trato urinário.” 2012. Web. 15 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Martinez, Mayara Hidalgo Magri 1. Proposta de algoritmo para triagem e investigação laboratorial da infecção do trato urinário. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Universidade Estadual de Campinas; 2012. [cited 2021 Apr 15].
Available from: MARTINEZ, Mayara Hidalgo Magri. Proposta de algoritmo para triagem e investigação laboratorial da infecção do trato urinário. 2012. 111 p. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Campinas, SP. Disponível em: <http://www.repositorio.unicamp.br/handle/REPOSIP/308691>. Acesso em: 21 ago. 2018. ; http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/308691.
Council of Science Editors:
Martinez, Mayara Hidalgo Magri 1. Proposta de algoritmo para triagem e investigação laboratorial da infecção do trato urinário. [Masters Thesis]. Universidade Estadual de Campinas; 2012. Available from: MARTINEZ, Mayara Hidalgo Magri. Proposta de algoritmo para triagem e investigação laboratorial da infecção do trato urinário. 2012. 111 p. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Campinas, SP. Disponível em: <http://www.repositorio.unicamp.br/handle/REPOSIP/308691>. Acesso em: 21 ago. 2018. ; http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/308691
Loyola University Chicago
5.
Johansen, Danielle.
Optimizing Clean Catch Urine Collection and Its
Applications in Urinary Microbiome Studies.
Degree: MS, Microbiology and
Immunology, 2017, Loyola University Chicago
URL: https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_theses/3681
► Clean catch was developed before the advancement of more sensitive assays for culturing urinary bacteria. I reassessed clean catch, endeavoring to optimize this method.…
(more)
▼ Clean catch was developed before
the advancement of more sensitive assays for culturing urinary
bacteria. I reassessed clean catch, endeavoring to optimize this
method. Periurethral swabs and voided urines were routinely
collected, while analyzing different aspects of the method. I
determined that midstream urine contained the least amount of
vulvo-vaginal contamination and that the time of collection did not
impact the results. I also determined that the use of antiseptic
wipes prior to void increased the level of vulvo-vaginal
contamination. A small cohort of females collected daily urines
over a 17-day period and kept a strict alcohol diary. Females who
participated in binge drinking showed an acute drop in urinary
Lactobacillus following binge drinking. This study provides us with
a protocol that generates reproducible data with periurethral swabs
and voided urines. It also alerts us to life style factors or
collection procedures that should be avoided prior to sample
collection.
Subjects/Keywords: Alcohol; Clean catch; Lactobacillus; Microbiome; Urinary; Urinary Tract Infection; Microbiology
Record Details
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APA ·
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MLA ·
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to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Johansen, D. (2017). Optimizing Clean Catch Urine Collection and Its
Applications in Urinary Microbiome Studies. (Thesis). Loyola University Chicago. Retrieved from https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_theses/3681
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Johansen, Danielle. “Optimizing Clean Catch Urine Collection and Its
Applications in Urinary Microbiome Studies.” 2017. Thesis, Loyola University Chicago. Accessed April 15, 2021.
https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_theses/3681.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Johansen, Danielle. “Optimizing Clean Catch Urine Collection and Its
Applications in Urinary Microbiome Studies.” 2017. Web. 15 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Johansen D. Optimizing Clean Catch Urine Collection and Its
Applications in Urinary Microbiome Studies. [Internet] [Thesis]. Loyola University Chicago; 2017. [cited 2021 Apr 15].
Available from: https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_theses/3681.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Johansen D. Optimizing Clean Catch Urine Collection and Its
Applications in Urinary Microbiome Studies. [Thesis]. Loyola University Chicago; 2017. Available from: https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_theses/3681
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of Cambridge
6.
Riding, Alexandra Mary.
Identification and characterisation of Group 3 Innate Lymphoid Cells in the renal tract.
Degree: PhD, 2019, University of Cambridge
URL: https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/298094
► Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) bear similarities to T-helper (Th) cells, but lack T cell receptors. The three groups mirror the effector functions of Th1, Th2…
(more)
▼ Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) bear similarities to T-helper (Th) cells, but lack T cell receptors. The three groups mirror the effector functions of Th1, Th2 and Th17 cells and share the same transcription factors and cytokine profiles. This project focussed on type 3 ILCs (ILC3s) found primarily at mucosal surfaces with roles in immune defence, tolerance and homeostasis. The key aims were to identify ILC3s within the renal tract (bladder, ureter and kidneys) and characterise their role in urinary tract infection (UTI).
UTI is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, accounting for some cases of end stage renal failure. The commonest cause of uncomplicated UTI is Uropathogenic Escherichia coli and we used this organism in murine models to interrogate the role of ILC3s within this setting. The project focussed on three vital components of effective defence: the epithelium, mononuclear phagocytes (MNPs) and ILC3s.
Key findings and conclusions
Numbers of ILC3s and MNPs in the renal tract increased during UTI, as did their key products, interleukin 17 (IL-17a), IL-22 and granulocyte macrophage – colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF). By using Rag2 knockout mice (lacking T and B lymphocytes), we demonstrated that IL-17 was further decreased by ILC-depletion. Furthermore, we showed reciprocal loss of MNP recruitment, indicating pathways of ILC3-MNP crosstalk during UTI.
Demonstrating a mechanism for ILC3 activation by MNPs through IL-23a and IL-1β production proved challenging, indicating the complexity of the system and requirements for co-stimulation. Similarly, mechanisms of IL-22-induced epithelial repair through production of antimicrobial peptides and induction of cell cycle genes proved multifactorial in origin, but carried particular importance within the bladder.
This project also described ILC3s within the human renal tract by utilising tissues from transplant donors and genomic investigation of tissue-resident cells within the bladder was performed. This novel data will form an invaluable research resource.
Subjects/Keywords: Innate lymphoid cells; Urinary tract infection; Bladder; Renal tract; Innate immunology
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APA ·
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Riding, A. M. (2019). Identification and characterisation of Group 3 Innate Lymphoid Cells in the renal tract. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Cambridge. Retrieved from https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/298094
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Riding, Alexandra Mary. “Identification and characterisation of Group 3 Innate Lymphoid Cells in the renal tract.” 2019. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Cambridge. Accessed April 15, 2021.
https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/298094.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Riding, Alexandra Mary. “Identification and characterisation of Group 3 Innate Lymphoid Cells in the renal tract.” 2019. Web. 15 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Riding AM. Identification and characterisation of Group 3 Innate Lymphoid Cells in the renal tract. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Cambridge; 2019. [cited 2021 Apr 15].
Available from: https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/298094.
Council of Science Editors:
Riding AM. Identification and characterisation of Group 3 Innate Lymphoid Cells in the renal tract. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Cambridge; 2019. Available from: https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/298094
Addis Ababa University
7.
Nigatu, Endalafer.
susceptibility patterns in surgical wards and surgical Intensive care unit (SICU) of Tikur Anbessa University Hospital Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Degree: 2012, Addis Ababa University
URL: http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/2934
► Background: Nosocomial infections are defined as infections which are not present or not incubating when the patient is hospitalized and are acquired during hospital stay.…
(more)
▼ Background: Nosocomial infections are defined as infections which are not present or not
incubating when the patient is hospitalized and are acquired during hospital stay. Sign and
symptoms of the
infection may be evident during hospitalization or after discharge related to
the length of the incubation period. It is usually defined as an
infection that is identified at
least 48-72 hours following admission to health institution. Infections acquired in hospital
are likely to complicate illness, cause anxiety and discomfort, and can lead to death.
Nosocomial
infection is a global problem with multi facet out comes. The problem is well
pronounced in developing countries. Epidemiological and etiological characteristics of
nosocomial infections show variations among countries and even among different hospitals
in the same country. Many of these infections are associated with micro-organisms that are
resistant to multiple antibiotics and can easily spread on the hands of personnel. The most
frequent types of nosocomial infections are
urinary-
tract infection, surgical-wound
infection,
pneumonia, and bloodstream
infection. At present, the emergence of resistance to
antimicrobial agents is a global public health problem, particularly in pathogens causing
nosocomial infections. Antimicrobial resistance results in increased morbidity, mortality and
health-care costs.
Objective: To determine the prevalence, etiological agents and drug susceptibility pattern of
nosocomial infections at Tikur Anbessa University Hospital.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from June 2007 to April 2008 at Tikur
Anbessa University Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. During the study, all adult patients
admitted to surgical wards and SICU with suspected of nosocomial
infection were included.
Among 854 patients admitted to surgical wards and SICU, 215 patients selected based on
their clinical ground, after a careful clinical examination. Clinical samples were collected
from the study
subject and analyzed accordingly.
Results: Eight hundred fifty four patients admitted to surgical ward and SICU between June
2007 and April 2008 to Tikur Anbessa University Hospital in Addis Ababa were studied for
prevalence of nosocomial infections. A total of 215(25.2%) patients, were selected based on
their clinical grounds from surgical wards (n=161) and SICU (n=54). The mean hospital stay
from the date of admission until sample collection was 16.72 days with a range of 3 to 66
days. Of the 215 patients, 130(60.5%) were males and 85 (39.5%) were females. A total of
nine percent (77/854) patients were confirmed to have nosocomial infections. Of the 77
patients, 51(66.2%) were males and 26(33.8%) females. The distribution of nosocomial
infections among positive cases was surgical site
infection 38(49.4%),
urinary tract
infections 23(29.8%) and blood stream
infection 16(20.8%). The Gram-positive and
negative bacteria accounted for 23/84(23.4%) and 61/84(72.6%) respectively. A total of 84
bacterial pathogens (strains) were isolated, E. coli accounted for 19.0% of…
Advisors/Committee Members: Dr. Solomon Gebre-Selassie (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Nosocomial infection, Surgical Site Infection,;
Intensive Care Unit;
Urinary Tract Infection;
Blood Stream Infection
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APA (6th Edition):
Nigatu, E. (2012). susceptibility patterns in surgical wards and surgical Intensive care unit (SICU) of Tikur Anbessa University Hospital Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
(Thesis). Addis Ababa University. Retrieved from http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/2934
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Nigatu, Endalafer. “susceptibility patterns in surgical wards and surgical Intensive care unit (SICU) of Tikur Anbessa University Hospital Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
” 2012. Thesis, Addis Ababa University. Accessed April 15, 2021.
http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/2934.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Nigatu, Endalafer. “susceptibility patterns in surgical wards and surgical Intensive care unit (SICU) of Tikur Anbessa University Hospital Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
” 2012. Web. 15 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Nigatu E. susceptibility patterns in surgical wards and surgical Intensive care unit (SICU) of Tikur Anbessa University Hospital Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
[Internet] [Thesis]. Addis Ababa University; 2012. [cited 2021 Apr 15].
Available from: http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/2934.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Nigatu E. susceptibility patterns in surgical wards and surgical Intensive care unit (SICU) of Tikur Anbessa University Hospital Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
[Thesis]. Addis Ababa University; 2012. Available from: http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/2934
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of Western Ontario
8.
Whiteside, Samantha Ann.
Contribution of Enterococcus faecalis to urinary tract infection.
Degree: 2018, University of Western Ontario
URL: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/5270
► The purpose of this thesis was to increase understanding of enterococcal UTI, in particular, the response of Enterococcus to antibiotic prophylaxis in vitro and in…
(more)
▼ The purpose of this thesis was to increase understanding of enterococcal UTI, in particular, the response of Enterococcus to antibiotic prophylaxis in vitro and in vivo and enterococcal communication with the bladder.
We studied the in vitro effects of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) and nitrofurantoin, two of the antibiotic treatments used most commonly in the management of both urinary tract infection (UTI) and recurrent UTI (RUTI), on Enterococcus faecalis attachment to urothelial cells. In doing so, we documented nitrofurantoin-induced increases in bacterial attachment at growth inhibitory concentrations of nitrofurantoin, but not TMP/SMX. This increased virulence did not correlate with increased expression of virulence factors but was correlated with increased expression of three putative genes.
We then explored whether this corresponded to alterations in bacterial communities throughout antibiotic prophylaxis for paediatric patients with RUTI. Our bacterial culture results indicated uropathogens were present in the urine of children with and without a history of RUTI and that antibiotic prophylaxis induced a transient decrease in uropathogen load. Interestingly, none of our patients were experiencing symptomatic UTI at the time of urine sample collection, yet a significant proportion of midstream urine samples met the clinical threshold for UTI, indicating these patients had asymptomatic bacteriuria (ABU). Further, E. faecalis bacterial load was positively correlated with non-E. coli uropathogens, suggesting some patients may be pre-disposed to polymicrobial UTI.
To elucidate mechanisms by which enterococci can mask the host’s perception of UTI, which may also contribute to the polymicrobial nature of E. faecalis UTI, we completed targeted metabolomics of neuroactive molecules in vitro under conditions mimicking the bladder environment. Our results suggest Enterococcus may produce tyramine in the bladder at concentrations that are likely to have a physiological effect on both urothelial cells and cohabiting bacteria.
Our data raises questions about the application of nitrofurantoin to enterococcal UTI and the efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis for RUTI. Further, our clinical and in vitro data suggest E. faecalis may contribute more to polymicrobial UTI than previously thought. Indeed, enterococcal production of tyramine may explain the high incidence of enterococci in not only polymicrobial UTI but also other infections.
Subjects/Keywords: Enterococcus faecalis; urinary tract infection; recurrent urinary tract infection; antibiotic prophylaxis; paediatric urology; Bacterial Infections and Mycoses
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APA (6th Edition):
Whiteside, S. A. (2018). Contribution of Enterococcus faecalis to urinary tract infection. (Thesis). University of Western Ontario. Retrieved from https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/5270
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Whiteside, Samantha Ann. “Contribution of Enterococcus faecalis to urinary tract infection.” 2018. Thesis, University of Western Ontario. Accessed April 15, 2021.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/5270.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Whiteside, Samantha Ann. “Contribution of Enterococcus faecalis to urinary tract infection.” 2018. Web. 15 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Whiteside SA. Contribution of Enterococcus faecalis to urinary tract infection. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Western Ontario; 2018. [cited 2021 Apr 15].
Available from: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/5270.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Whiteside SA. Contribution of Enterococcus faecalis to urinary tract infection. [Thesis]. University of Western Ontario; 2018. Available from: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/5270
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Liberty University
9.
Chamness, Joseph Andrew.
CAUTI Prevention for Long Term Indwelling Bladder Catheters in ICU Patients: An Integrative Review.
Degree: 2021, Liberty University
URL: https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/doctoral/2844
► This project aims to determine when a catheter should be removed in the intensive care unit to prevent premature removal. Subsequent multiple straight catheterizations may…
(more)
▼ This project aims to determine when a catheter should be removed in the intensive care unit to prevent premature removal. Subsequent multiple straight catheterizations may introduce bacteria into the urethra and result in hospital-acquired infections (HAI). The aim is to reduce the incidence of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection (CAUTI), a preventable HAI. A change in protocols is needed to match evidence-based research on the best practice methods. Strategies are proposed to decrease the risk of CAUTI, and limitations are discussed. Poorer strategies require more exclusions than good ones. The findings indicate more research is needed on newer strategies to determine the optimal stay-in time for foley catheters in ICU. The study focused on research articles that met ethical standards for any ages and either gender, as all are at risk of CAUTI, although women and the elderly have a higher risk. These incur increased hospital costs and extended length of time of stay. Findings also indicate that timing of catheter removal has an impact on the risk of acquiring CAUTI. The significance of these findings is they can be used as the basis for protocols, thus reducing the incidence of CAUTI, provided the guidelines are followed.
Subjects/Keywords: Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infection; CAUTI; CAUTI Prevention; Preventing HAIs; Urinary Tract Infections; Catheter Infection Prevention; Medicine and Health Sciences; Nursing
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APA ·
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MLA ·
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CSE |
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Chamness, J. A. (2021). CAUTI Prevention for Long Term Indwelling Bladder Catheters in ICU Patients: An Integrative Review. (Doctoral Dissertation). Liberty University. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/doctoral/2844
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Chamness, Joseph Andrew. “CAUTI Prevention for Long Term Indwelling Bladder Catheters in ICU Patients: An Integrative Review.” 2021. Doctoral Dissertation, Liberty University. Accessed April 15, 2021.
https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/doctoral/2844.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Chamness, Joseph Andrew. “CAUTI Prevention for Long Term Indwelling Bladder Catheters in ICU Patients: An Integrative Review.” 2021. Web. 15 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Chamness JA. CAUTI Prevention for Long Term Indwelling Bladder Catheters in ICU Patients: An Integrative Review. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Liberty University; 2021. [cited 2021 Apr 15].
Available from: https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/doctoral/2844.
Council of Science Editors:
Chamness JA. CAUTI Prevention for Long Term Indwelling Bladder Catheters in ICU Patients: An Integrative Review. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Liberty University; 2021. Available from: https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/doctoral/2844
University of Utah
10.
Kaltenbach, Linda S.
Role of PapI in pyelonephritis-associated pili phase variation in Escherichia coli;.
Degree: PhD, Pathology;, 1997, University of Utah
URL: http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/etd1/id/1646/rec/1165
► The expression of Pap pili alternates between ON (pili+) and OFF (pili-) states, a process called phase variation. Pap phase variation is controlled by Leucine…
(more)
▼ The expression of Pap pili alternates between ON (pili+) and OFF (pili-) states, a process called phase variation. Pap phase variation is controlled by Leucine responsive regulatory protein (Lrp), PapI, and Deoxyadenosine methylase (Dam). Methylation patterns of two GATC sites in the pap regulatory region are established by competition between Dam methylation and Lrp binding. In the phase OFF state, Lrp binds cooperatively to promoter proximal binding sites (1,2,3) and protects GATC-II from methylation whereas GATC-I is methylated. In the phase ON state Lrp binds to distal binding sites (4,5) protecting GATC-I from methylation whereas GATC-II is methylated. Lrp binding to GATC-I required PapI, suggesting that PapI is required for switching to the phase ON state. PapI bound specifically to Lrp-pap DNA complexes, but not Lrp-ilvIH, Lrp in solution or pap DNA. PapI reduced the affinity of Lrp for sites (1,2,3) and increased the affinity for sites (4,5) resulting in translocation of Lrp from the pap GATC-II region to the pap GATC-I region. These observations suggested that Lrp and PapI may directly interact in switching to phase ON. To identify PapI-Lrp binding sites, mutagenesis of papI and lrp was performed. Mutagenesis of papI yielded mutations that resulted in unstable proteins. A novel two color genetic screen was performed to identify pap-specific mutations in lrp. papBA-phoA (blue indicator) and ilvIH-lacZYA (red indicator) fusions generated purple colonies in the presence of wild type lrp. Red colonies were chosen because they contained lrp mutations that could activate ilvIH but not papBA transcription. One mutant, designated Lrp[E133G failed to translocate to GATC-I but was competent for pap and ilvIH DNA binding and PapI-pap DNA binding. Another pap-specific mutation, LrpY115C] may be defective in PapI binding. Furthermore, radiolabeled PapI bound to an Lrp peptide spanning amino acids 105-118. Together, these data indicate that Lrp contains a PapI binding site and a region required for translocation to GATC-I. A model for PapI mediated translocation of Lrp in the phase OFF to phase ON switch is presented.
Subjects/Keywords: Genetics; DNA; Urinary Tract Infection
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APA (6th Edition):
Kaltenbach, L. S. (1997). Role of PapI in pyelonephritis-associated pili phase variation in Escherichia coli;. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Utah. Retrieved from http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/etd1/id/1646/rec/1165
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Kaltenbach, Linda S. “Role of PapI in pyelonephritis-associated pili phase variation in Escherichia coli;.” 1997. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Utah. Accessed April 15, 2021.
http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/etd1/id/1646/rec/1165.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Kaltenbach, Linda S. “Role of PapI in pyelonephritis-associated pili phase variation in Escherichia coli;.” 1997. Web. 15 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Kaltenbach LS. Role of PapI in pyelonephritis-associated pili phase variation in Escherichia coli;. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Utah; 1997. [cited 2021 Apr 15].
Available from: http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/etd1/id/1646/rec/1165.
Council of Science Editors:
Kaltenbach LS. Role of PapI in pyelonephritis-associated pili phase variation in Escherichia coli;. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Utah; 1997. Available from: http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/etd1/id/1646/rec/1165
McMaster University
11.
Chan, April Jane.
A Qualitative Study on Perceived Barriers and Facilitators of Implementing an Antimicrobial Stewardship Intervention in the Management of Urinary Tract Infections in a Long-Term Care Setting.
Degree: MSc, 2019, McMaster University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11375/25078
► Background 50% of antibiotic courses in long-term care facilities (LTCFs) are unnecessary, leading to increased risk of harm such as Clostridiodes difficile infection and antibiotic-resistant…
(more)
▼ Background
50% of antibiotic courses in long-term care facilities (LTCFs) are unnecessary, leading to increased risk of harm such as Clostridiodes difficile infection and antibiotic-resistant organisms. Antimicrobial Stewardship (AS) interventions plays an important role in optimizing antibiotic use. Most studies to improve antibiotic prescribing in LTCFs showed modest and unsustained results. We aimed to identify facilitators, barriers and strategies in implementing a urinary tract infection (UTI)-focused AS intervention at a LTCF with the secondary objective of exploring the pharmacist’s potential role(s) in this intervention.
Methods
A qualitative approach using conventional content analysis was used. Through purposeful sampling, we recruited different healthcare providers and administrators at Kensington Gardens. Interviewees attended focus groups or one-on-one interviews. Data were collected using a semi-structured interview guide. Data were analyzed inductively using a codebook modified in an iterative analytic process. Barrier and facilitator themes were identified from the transcripts and mapped using the COM-B (capability, opportunity, motivation and behaviour) model (Michie et al). Similarly, themes were identified from the transcripts regarding the pharmacist’s roles in this intervention.
Results
Sixteen participants were interviewed. Most barriers and facilitators mapped to the opportunities domain of the COM-B model. The main barrier themes were lack of access, lack of knowledge, ineffective communication, lack of resources and external factors while the main facilitator themes were education, effective collaboration, good communication, sufficient resources and access. For the pharmacist’s role, the barrier themes were ineffective collaboration and communication. Furthermore, the pharmacist can play a role in education and antibiotic selection.
Conclusions
A UTI-focused antimicrobial stewardship intervention in LTCF should consider strategies to improve access, knowledge, communication and collaboration in its design, having sufficient resources and addressing external factors in order to optimize the intervention’s success. Pharmacists can play a role in education and antibiotic selection.
Thesis
Master of Science (MSc)
Half of antibiotics prescribed in long-term care are not needed, leading to increased harm. It is unclear which strategies should be used to improve antibiotic prescribing. This project aims to identify facilitators, barriers and strategies in identifying and managing urinary tract infection in a long-term care facility as well as exploring the role of the pharmacist in this setting. We conducted focus groups and interviews to gather information and analyzed the transcripts to determine barrier and facilitator themes relating to urinary tract infection management and the role of the pharmacist. The main barrier themes were lack of access, lack of knowledge, ineffective communication, lack of resources and external factors while the main facilitator themes…
Advisors/Committee Members: Dolovich, Lisa, Health Research Methodology.
Subjects/Keywords: antimicrobial stewardship; long-term care; barrier; facilitator; urinary tract infection
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Chan, A. J. (2019). A Qualitative Study on Perceived Barriers and Facilitators of Implementing an Antimicrobial Stewardship Intervention in the Management of Urinary Tract Infections in a Long-Term Care Setting. (Masters Thesis). McMaster University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11375/25078
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Chan, April Jane. “A Qualitative Study on Perceived Barriers and Facilitators of Implementing an Antimicrobial Stewardship Intervention in the Management of Urinary Tract Infections in a Long-Term Care Setting.” 2019. Masters Thesis, McMaster University. Accessed April 15, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/11375/25078.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Chan, April Jane. “A Qualitative Study on Perceived Barriers and Facilitators of Implementing an Antimicrobial Stewardship Intervention in the Management of Urinary Tract Infections in a Long-Term Care Setting.” 2019. Web. 15 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Chan AJ. A Qualitative Study on Perceived Barriers and Facilitators of Implementing an Antimicrobial Stewardship Intervention in the Management of Urinary Tract Infections in a Long-Term Care Setting. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. McMaster University; 2019. [cited 2021 Apr 15].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11375/25078.
Council of Science Editors:
Chan AJ. A Qualitative Study on Perceived Barriers and Facilitators of Implementing an Antimicrobial Stewardship Intervention in the Management of Urinary Tract Infections in a Long-Term Care Setting. [Masters Thesis]. McMaster University; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11375/25078
Addis Ababa University
12.
Yemisrach, Getu.
PREVALENCE AND DRUG SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERN OF BACTERIA ASSOCIATED WITH URINARY TRACT INFECTION AMONG HIV POSITIVE PATIENTS ATTENDING ALERT CENTER, ADDIS ABEBA ETHIOPIA
.
Degree: 2015, Addis Ababa University
URL: http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/7006
► Background: Urinary tract infections (UTI) are one of the most common types of bacterial infections in humans occurring both in the community and the health…
(more)
▼ Background:
Urinary tract infections (UTI) are one of the most common types of bacterial infections in humans occurring both in the community and the health care settings. UTI rank high amongst the most common causes that compel an individual to seek medical attention. HIV/AIDS is one of the greatest public health crisis faced by the global community without a complete cure. UTI represents a considerable health problem amongst HIV infected patients. Objective; to determine the prevalence and drug susceptibility pattern of bacteria associated with UTI among HIV positive patients. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in ALERT Center Addis Ababa Ethiopia from September to January 2015 among 165 adult HIV patients. Midstream urine (MSU) was collected from the study participants with sterile wide mouthed urine cups. Urine samples were inoculated in to Blood agar, MacConkey and Cysteine lactose electrolyte deficient and biochemical tests were performed to identify isolates. Drug susceptibility pattern of isolates was determined using the disc diffusion techniques. Data were analyzed using SPSS version-20 software package. Chi – square (X2) test was used to compare categorical data and to compare associations between proportions. Differences were considered significant when the p-values were < 0.05 at 95% confidences limit. Result: Among the total 165 study participants 114 were females and the remaining 51 were males and the mean of age was 37.9. The overall prevalence of UTI was 15.7. High bacterial isolates were found in asymptomatic study participants than symptomatic HIV positive patients. Among Gram negative isolates Escherichia coli were the leading cause of UTI followed by Gram positive isolates Staphylococci aureus. Most bacterial isolates were resistant to Amp, TE, P and SXT and Gentamicin were susceptible for all isolates. Conclusion: the prevalence of UTI was high, and both Gram-negative and Gram positive organisms were causes of UTIs. In this study the chance of acquiring UTI was higher among females than males. UTI prevalence was also high among study participants those have previous history of catheterization and UTI. E. coli were the most predominant organisms followed by Staphylococci aureus and most of the bacterial isolates were sensitive to Gentamicin, Ceftriaxone, Ciprofloxacin, Norfloxacine, Oxacilin and Nitrofurantion. Multi-drug resistance bacteria were common.
XI
Key words: Asymptomatic UTI, Symptomatic UTI,
urinary tract infection, HIV/AIDS, Ethiopia
Advisors/Committee Members: Ibrahim Ali (PhD) (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Asymptomatic UTI; Symptomatic UTI; urinary tract infection; HIV/AIDS; Ethiopia
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APA (6th Edition):
Yemisrach, G. (2015). PREVALENCE AND DRUG SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERN OF BACTERIA ASSOCIATED WITH URINARY TRACT INFECTION AMONG HIV POSITIVE PATIENTS ATTENDING ALERT CENTER, ADDIS ABEBA ETHIOPIA
. (Thesis). Addis Ababa University. Retrieved from http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/7006
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Yemisrach, Getu. “PREVALENCE AND DRUG SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERN OF BACTERIA ASSOCIATED WITH URINARY TRACT INFECTION AMONG HIV POSITIVE PATIENTS ATTENDING ALERT CENTER, ADDIS ABEBA ETHIOPIA
.” 2015. Thesis, Addis Ababa University. Accessed April 15, 2021.
http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/7006.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Yemisrach, Getu. “PREVALENCE AND DRUG SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERN OF BACTERIA ASSOCIATED WITH URINARY TRACT INFECTION AMONG HIV POSITIVE PATIENTS ATTENDING ALERT CENTER, ADDIS ABEBA ETHIOPIA
.” 2015. Web. 15 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Yemisrach G. PREVALENCE AND DRUG SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERN OF BACTERIA ASSOCIATED WITH URINARY TRACT INFECTION AMONG HIV POSITIVE PATIENTS ATTENDING ALERT CENTER, ADDIS ABEBA ETHIOPIA
. [Internet] [Thesis]. Addis Ababa University; 2015. [cited 2021 Apr 15].
Available from: http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/7006.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Yemisrach G. PREVALENCE AND DRUG SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERN OF BACTERIA ASSOCIATED WITH URINARY TRACT INFECTION AMONG HIV POSITIVE PATIENTS ATTENDING ALERT CENTER, ADDIS ABEBA ETHIOPIA
. [Thesis]. Addis Ababa University; 2015. Available from: http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/7006
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology
13.
Laarey, Gariba George Apaakali.
Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Parasites and Urinary Tract Infections among HIV Seropositive Patients in Relation to their Immune Levels at the Bomso Specialist Hospital, Kumasi Ghana.
Degree: 2015, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology
URL: http://dspace.knust.edu.gh:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/6869
► Gastrointestinal parasitic infections (GPI) and urinary tract infections (UTI) have contributed to the progression of HIV causing significant morbidity and mortality among HIV positive patients.…
(more)
▼ Gastrointestinal parasitic infections (GPI) and urinary tract infections (UTI) have contributed to the progression of HIV causing significant morbidity and mortality among HIV positive patients.
This study aimed at detecting the prevalence of GPI and UTI among HIV seropositive patients.
A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted among 256 HIV positive patients attending the Outpatient Department of the Bomso Specialist Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana from November 2010 to April 2011. Venous blood, stool and midstream urine samples were collected from each patient. Stool samples were processed using the formol-ether concentration technique and stained by the Modified Ziehl-Neelson staining procedure. CD4 T-cell counts were measured by the FACS Count System using the FACS Flow Cytometer. Urine specimens were examined microscopically and cultured for pathogens.
The overall prevalence of GPI was 18.8%. The most common intestinal parasites were Giardia lamblia 19 (39.6%) and Entamoeba histolytica 11 (22.9%). Other parasites included Ascaris lumbricoides (6.3%), Strongyloides stercoralis (4.2%), Taenia spp (4.2%), Cryptosporidium parvum (2.1%), Trichuris trichiura (2.1%), and Isospora belli (2.1%). Age and gender did not have any significant association with GPI (p>0.05) although higher prevalence was observed among females (12.9%) than male (5.9%) and age group 36-45 (6.6%). Most diarrhoea causing parasites were Giardia lamblia (100%), followed by Entamoeba histolytica (36.4%), A. lumbricoides (33.3%) and S. stercoralis (31.6%). Participants with CD4 counts <200 cells/ L had higher and significant (p<0.0001) prevalence rates of parasitic infection (8.6%) than those without infection (4.3%). Mean CD4 count was lower (275.8 ± 18.0) and statistically significant (p<0.0001) among participants with intestinal parasite infections than those without the infections (485.3 ± 21.5). Urban settlement, pipe borne water usage, preparing food in open space, use of KVIP, diarrhoea and the knowledge of dewormers had a significant association with GPI (P<0.05). Most of the UTI was due to Escherichia coli (29.4%) followed by Staphylococcus aureus (20.6%) and Candida albicans (20.6%). A prevalence of 8.8% was recorded for Klebsiella pneumonia, Proteus vulgaris and Salmonella typhi isolates while Shigella spp were the least isolated pathogen (2.9%). A significant (p<0.0001) and higher proportion of females (59.8%) than males (0.8%) had bacterial infections. The age group with highest frequency was 36-45 (5.5%), the most infected group (54.5%) of UTI was observed amongst participants with CD4 counts <200 cells/ L. UTI infected participants recorded a lower level of CD4 count (273.2± 20.1) than those without the infections (472.5 ± 14.4). The overall prevalence of UTI was 13.3%.
The co-existence of GPI and UTI among HIV infected patients in the study area is significant. This calls for intensive public health education on improvement of environmental sanitation and good personal hygiene practices. HIV patients undergoing HAART must also be…
Subjects/Keywords: Gastrointestinal parasite; Urinary tract infection; Human immunodeficiency virus; CD4 count
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APA (6th Edition):
Laarey, G. G. A. (2015). Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Parasites and Urinary Tract Infections among HIV Seropositive Patients in Relation to their Immune Levels at the Bomso Specialist Hospital, Kumasi Ghana. (Thesis). Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology. Retrieved from http://dspace.knust.edu.gh:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/6869
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Laarey, Gariba George Apaakali. “Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Parasites and Urinary Tract Infections among HIV Seropositive Patients in Relation to their Immune Levels at the Bomso Specialist Hospital, Kumasi Ghana.” 2015. Thesis, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology. Accessed April 15, 2021.
http://dspace.knust.edu.gh:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/6869.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Laarey, Gariba George Apaakali. “Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Parasites and Urinary Tract Infections among HIV Seropositive Patients in Relation to their Immune Levels at the Bomso Specialist Hospital, Kumasi Ghana.” 2015. Web. 15 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Laarey GGA. Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Parasites and Urinary Tract Infections among HIV Seropositive Patients in Relation to their Immune Levels at the Bomso Specialist Hospital, Kumasi Ghana. [Internet] [Thesis]. Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology; 2015. [cited 2021 Apr 15].
Available from: http://dspace.knust.edu.gh:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/6869.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Laarey GGA. Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Parasites and Urinary Tract Infections among HIV Seropositive Patients in Relation to their Immune Levels at the Bomso Specialist Hospital, Kumasi Ghana. [Thesis]. Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology; 2015. Available from: http://dspace.knust.edu.gh:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/6869
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of Debrecen
14.
Portugheis, Omri.
Pharmacological treatment of urinary tract infection
.
Degree: DE – Általános Orvostudományi Kar, University of Debrecen
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2437/242801
► This work deals with the current knowledge regarding the pathology, treatment and prevention of urinary tract infection in adult males. The rational is to provide…
(more)
Subjects/Keywords: Pharmacology;
Therapy;
Urinary tract infection
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APA (6th Edition):
Portugheis, O. (n.d.). Pharmacological treatment of urinary tract infection
. (Thesis). University of Debrecen. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2437/242801
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
No year of publication.
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Portugheis, Omri. “Pharmacological treatment of urinary tract infection
.” Thesis, University of Debrecen. Accessed April 15, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2437/242801.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
No year of publication.
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Portugheis, Omri. “Pharmacological treatment of urinary tract infection
.” Web. 15 Apr 2021.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
No year of publication.
Vancouver:
Portugheis O. Pharmacological treatment of urinary tract infection
. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Debrecen; [cited 2021 Apr 15].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2437/242801.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
No year of publication.
Council of Science Editors:
Portugheis O. Pharmacological treatment of urinary tract infection
. [Thesis]. University of Debrecen; Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2437/242801
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
No year of publication.
University of Gothenburg / Göteborgs Universitet
15.
Simrén, Yvonne.
New perspectives on imaging of urinary tract infections in infants.
Degree: 2020, University of Gothenburg / Göteborgs Universitet
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2077/65139
► Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common disease in infants that may lead to renal damage with an increased risk of long term complications.…
(more)
▼ Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common disease in infants that may
lead to renal damage with an increased risk of long term complications. The diagnostic
imaging aims to identify risk factors as underlying urinary tract abnormalities and
renal involvement of the infection for prevention of long term adverse outcome. There
is a need for alternative methods to the ones presently used for investigation and
follow-up of this patient group without the use of invasive procedures, contrast agents
or ionizing radiation.
The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the potential of ultrasound (US), diffusion
weighted imaging (DWI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in the initial evaluation
of the urinary tract in infants with their first UTI.
Methods: Infants with their first symptomatic UTI were included in four prospective
studies. The infants were examined with US, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
including DWI and DTI, and 99mTc-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scintigraphy
during the acute phase of the infection. Inflammatory parameters, C-reactive protein
and body temperature, were registered. Follow-up examinations included US after 1
month and scintigraphy after one year.
Results: Renal size measured at early US determined renal swelling in infants with a
UTI. The renal swelling correlated with inflammatory parameters and was associated
with renal damage at acute and follow-up DMSA scintigraphy. There was an
agreement between DWI and DMSA scintigraphy in the detection of pyelonephritis.
With the use of DTI, differences were found in quantitative and qualitative parameters
in lesions compared to normal tissue and further lesion characterization patterns were
recognised.
Conclusion: The results show that US, DWI and DTI are valuable non-invasive, nonradiating
tools in the initial evaluation of infants with their first UTI. Renal length US
measurements adds value to the early US examination by helping to identify patients
at risk for renal damage even though it cannot replace DMSA scintigraphy. DWI and
DTI have the potential to be advantageous alternatives to DMSA scintigraphy.
However, studies of larger cohorts are needed to verify the results.
Subjects/Keywords: Urinary tract infection; Ultrasound; Diffusion weighted imaging; Diffusion tensor imaging
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APA ·
Chicago ·
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CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Simrén, Y. (2020). New perspectives on imaging of urinary tract infections in infants. (Thesis). University of Gothenburg / Göteborgs Universitet. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2077/65139
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Simrén, Yvonne. “New perspectives on imaging of urinary tract infections in infants.” 2020. Thesis, University of Gothenburg / Göteborgs Universitet. Accessed April 15, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2077/65139.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Simrén, Yvonne. “New perspectives on imaging of urinary tract infections in infants.” 2020. Web. 15 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Simrén Y. New perspectives on imaging of urinary tract infections in infants. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Gothenburg / Göteborgs Universitet; 2020. [cited 2021 Apr 15].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2077/65139.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Simrén Y. New perspectives on imaging of urinary tract infections in infants. [Thesis]. University of Gothenburg / Göteborgs Universitet; 2020. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2077/65139
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Washington University in St. Louis
16.
Shields-Cutler, Robin Reid.
Escherichia coli Iron Acquisition Paradigms and Host Responses in the Human Urinary Milieu.
Degree: PhD, Biology & Biomedical Sciences (Molecular Microbiology & Microbial Pathogenesis), 2015, Washington University in St. Louis
URL: https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/art_sci_etds/582
► Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are some of the most common bacterial infections worldwide and are increasingly complicated by high antibiotic resistance and recurrence rates.…
(more)
▼ Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are some of the most common bacterial infections worldwide and are increasingly complicated by high antibiotic resistance and recurrence rates. Explanations for the marked individual differences in UTI susceptibility remain incomplete. In this thesis we show that
urinary colonization by uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) is influenced by urine composition and the activity of an important innate immune protein, siderocalin (SCN; also called lipocalin 2 or neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin/NGAL). During UTI, host factors limit the availability of iron, an essential nutrient for the invading pathogen. In response, UPEC modify the
urinary environment with metal binding siderophores, some of which are bound by the soluble protein SCN. Interactions between these opposing factors during early UPEC colonization determine the pathogen’s ability to successfully acquire iron and grow to a density sufficient to cause
infection. SCN has been described at length as an antimicrobial protein, exerting its effect by sequestering certain ferric siderophores. This has led to the hypothesis that a pathogen’s additional, non-SCN-binding siderophores are adaptations to this host pressure; however, the role of individual siderophores has been shown in some models to depend greatly on the
infection environment. Because human urine is chemically complex and distinct from other sites of
infection, we first investigated SCN’s effect on uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) growth in human urine from a healthy reference population. Using genetic deletions, chemical inhibition, and chemical complementation, we observed enterobactin siderophore expression to be a key factor permitting UPEC growth in SCN-supplemented human urine from a subset of individuals. Because SCN neutralizes enterobactin in non-
urinary experimental systems, this result suggests a determinative role for urine-specific components in manipulating antimicrobial paradigms. Our initial inquiry showed dramatic variability in SCN’s antimicrobial activity between individuals’ urine specimens. We next used these individual differences as an independent variable, defining groups of high and low activity, in order to investigate the
urinary factors controlling SCN activity. Chemical and demographic comparisons yielded a significant positive correlation between SCN activity and elevated urine pH. To determine whether further individual differences arose from differences in
urinary small molecule composition (the
urinary metabolome), we compared individuals using a mass spectrometry-based metabolomic approach. This approach identified aryl alcohols as significant correlates with SCN activity. These results support a model in which the
urinary environment is able to influence
urinary tract colonization by pathogens. To further understand how these
urinary metabolites may contribute to SCN antimicrobial activity, we sought to identify key metabolite cofactors present in restrictive urine specimens that actively participate in SCN’s…
Advisors/Committee Members: Jeffrey P Henderson, Thomas J Brett, Michael G Caparon, Daniel E Goldberg, Clay F Semenkovich, Timothy A Wencewicz.
Subjects/Keywords: Escherichia coli, iron, metabolomics, siderocalin, siderophores, urinary tract infection; Biology
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APA (6th Edition):
Shields-Cutler, R. R. (2015). Escherichia coli Iron Acquisition Paradigms and Host Responses in the Human Urinary Milieu. (Doctoral Dissertation). Washington University in St. Louis. Retrieved from https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/art_sci_etds/582
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Shields-Cutler, Robin Reid. “Escherichia coli Iron Acquisition Paradigms and Host Responses in the Human Urinary Milieu.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, Washington University in St. Louis. Accessed April 15, 2021.
https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/art_sci_etds/582.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Shields-Cutler, Robin Reid. “Escherichia coli Iron Acquisition Paradigms and Host Responses in the Human Urinary Milieu.” 2015. Web. 15 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Shields-Cutler RR. Escherichia coli Iron Acquisition Paradigms and Host Responses in the Human Urinary Milieu. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Washington University in St. Louis; 2015. [cited 2021 Apr 15].
Available from: https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/art_sci_etds/582.
Council of Science Editors:
Shields-Cutler RR. Escherichia coli Iron Acquisition Paradigms and Host Responses in the Human Urinary Milieu. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Washington University in St. Louis; 2015. Available from: https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/art_sci_etds/582
Washington University in St. Louis
17.
Lau, Megan Elizabeth.
The Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Effector YbcL Modulates the Innate Immune Response in the Urinary Tract.
Degree: PhD, Biology & Biomedical Sciences (Molecular Microbiology & Microbial Pathogenesis), 2013, Washington University in St. Louis
URL: https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/art_sci_etds/1042
► Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) are the primary etiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs), one of the most common bacterial infections afflicting the human population.…
(more)
▼ Uropathogenic
Escherichia coli (UPEC) are the primary etiology of
urinary tract infections (UTIs), one of the most common bacterial infections afflicting the human population. While UPEC cause disease throughout the
urinary tract, bladder
infection, or cystitis, is most prevalent. A key aspect of UPEC pathogenesis in the bladder is the modulation of the host inflammatory response. At acute time points, UPEC delay the arrival of immune cells, such as neutrophils, to the bladder. The lack of neutrophils in the bladder lumen enables UPEC to replicate freely in the urine and invade the bladder epithelium, a requirement for bacterial persistence, in the absence of immune pressure. The UPEC products responsible for delaying the arrival of immune cells to the bladder had not been identified.
This thesis work identified a bacterial protein, YbcL, that was modestly up-regulated upon UPEC exposure to either cultured bladder epithelial cells or human neutrophils. We demonstrated that YbcL suppressed the migration of neutrophils across bladder epithelia in an in vitro model of transuroepithelial neutrophil migration and an in vivo murine model of cystitis. Suppression of PMN migration by YbcL was dependent upon the presence of threonine at position 78 (T78). In fact, T78 in YbcL is highly conserved in clinical UPEC isolates, suggesting that inhibition of neutrophil migration across epithelial barriers by YbcL is a conserved mechanism of immune modulation among UPEC.
Using a number of complementary approaches, we demonstrated that liberation of YbcL from the bacterial periplasm was required for suppression of neutrophil migration across a bladder epithelium. YbcL was detected in the supernatant and in association with bladder epithelial cells and neutrophils. Release of YbcL from the periplasm occurred in a manner that was dependent upon the concentration of YbcL in the periplasm, the duration of the
infection and the presence of bladder epithelial cells. Although YbcL was soluble in the supernatant, we demonstrated that YbcL was not secreted from the periplasm by a canonical secretion system. Despite the apparent absence of a dedicated secretion system, these findings demonstrate that YbcL functions as an exoprotein.
Investigations into the mechanism underlying suppression of neutrophil migration by YbcL revealed that YbcL did not influence the production of chemoattractant molecules by bladder epithelial cells or bacteria or the ability of neutrophils to chemotax in response to stimuli, requirements for neutrophils to traverse epithelial barriers. This work identified and began the characterization of a bacterial protein, YbcL, that contributes to modulation of the innate immune response by UPEC. Additional experimentation is required to elucidate the importance of T78, the mode of delivery of YbcL from the periplasm, and the mechanism of action of YbcL. By delaying the arrival of immune cells, the activity of YbcL likely facilitates formation of…
Advisors/Committee Members: David A. Hunstad, Douglas E. Berg, Michael G. Caparon, Daniel E. Goldberg, David B. Haslam, Jeffrey P. Henderson, Scott J. Hultgren.
Subjects/Keywords: bladder epithelia, neutrophil, urinary tract infection, uropathogenic Escherichia coli; Biology
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APA ·
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Export
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Lau, M. E. (2013). The Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Effector YbcL Modulates the Innate Immune Response in the Urinary Tract. (Doctoral Dissertation). Washington University in St. Louis. Retrieved from https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/art_sci_etds/1042
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Lau, Megan Elizabeth. “The Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Effector YbcL Modulates the Innate Immune Response in the Urinary Tract.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, Washington University in St. Louis. Accessed April 15, 2021.
https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/art_sci_etds/1042.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Lau, Megan Elizabeth. “The Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Effector YbcL Modulates the Innate Immune Response in the Urinary Tract.” 2013. Web. 15 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Lau ME. The Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Effector YbcL Modulates the Innate Immune Response in the Urinary Tract. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Washington University in St. Louis; 2013. [cited 2021 Apr 15].
Available from: https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/art_sci_etds/1042.
Council of Science Editors:
Lau ME. The Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Effector YbcL Modulates the Innate Immune Response in the Urinary Tract. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Washington University in St. Louis; 2013. Available from: https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/art_sci_etds/1042
Duke University
18.
Chan, Cheryl Yuen Yu.
Characterizing Bladder Adaptive Immune Responses to Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Infections
.
Degree: 2012, Duke University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10161/5603
► The mammalian urinary bladder is a highly specialized organ that must be able to withstand considerable amounts of osmotic pressure at its mucosal surface,…
(more)
▼ The mammalian
urinary bladder is a highly specialized organ that must be able to withstand considerable amounts of osmotic pressure at its mucosal surface, in addition to maintaining an impenetrable barrier against potential pathogens. The lower
urinary tract's virtually inevitable exposure to external microbial pathogens warrants efficient tissue-specialized defenses to maintain sterility. The observation that the bladder can become chronically infected with uropathogenic E.coli (UPEC) in combination with clinical observations that antibody responses following bladder infections are not detectable, suggest defects in the formation of adaptive immunity and immunological memory. We have identified a broadly immunosuppressive transcriptional program specific to the bladder, but not the kidney, during
infection of the
urinary tract that is dependent on tissue-resident mast cells. This mast cell-dependent phenomenon involves localized production of IL-10 and results in suppressed humoral and cell-mediated responses and bacterial persistence. Therefore, in addition to the previously described role of mast cells orchestrating the early innate immune responses in the bladder during
infection, they subsequently play a tissue-specific immunosuppressive role. These findings may explain the prevalent recurrence of bladder infections and suggest the bladder as a site exhibiting an intrinsic degree of mast cell-maintained immune privilege. Interestingly, though the bladder is not capable of initiating an effective adaptive immune response during bladder infections, we have generated data showing that it was possible to circumvent the immune limitations of the bladder to provoke a strong adaptive and protective immune response by vaccinating against UPEC at an alternate mucosal site. We reasoned that by immunizing the nasal regions of mice with a vaccine formulation comprising of FimH adhesin, a highly conserved adhesive moiety of type 1 fimbriae expressed on UPEC, and an effective mucosal adjuvant we would evoke protective immunity against UPEC infections. We found that a FimH vaccine coupled with either a mast cell activating adjuvant c48/80 or CpG oligodeoxynucleotide, a TLR9 agonist, evoked high levels of FimH specific IgG antibody in the serum and IgA in the urine of immunized mice. We also observed that following UPEC challenge, these FimH/adjuvant immunized mice exhibited significantly reduced bacterial load in the bladders compared to mice challenged with just FimH. These studies reveal that immunization of nasal regions with a FimH vaccine is an effective strategy to overcome the limitation in adaptive immunity observed in the bladder.
Advisors/Committee Members: Abraham, Soman N (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Immunology;
Microbiology;
Adaptive Immunity;
Immunosuppression;
Mast cell;
Urinary Tract Infection;
Vaccine
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APA (6th Edition):
Chan, C. Y. Y. (2012). Characterizing Bladder Adaptive Immune Responses to Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Infections
. (Thesis). Duke University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10161/5603
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Chan, Cheryl Yuen Yu. “Characterizing Bladder Adaptive Immune Responses to Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Infections
.” 2012. Thesis, Duke University. Accessed April 15, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10161/5603.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Chan, Cheryl Yuen Yu. “Characterizing Bladder Adaptive Immune Responses to Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Infections
.” 2012. Web. 15 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Chan CYY. Characterizing Bladder Adaptive Immune Responses to Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Infections
. [Internet] [Thesis]. Duke University; 2012. [cited 2021 Apr 15].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10161/5603.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Chan CYY. Characterizing Bladder Adaptive Immune Responses to Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Infections
. [Thesis]. Duke University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10161/5603
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
19.
Thompson, Richard.
The isolation and characterisation of Proteus mirabilis bacteriophages and their effect on the colonisation and blockage of urinary catheters.
Degree: PhD, 2018, University of the West of England, Bristol
URL: https://uwe-repository.worktribe.com/output/866010
;
https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.752546
► Catheter associated urinary tract infection seriously complicates the care of an already vulnerable patient set and has been estimated to cost the UK National Health…
(more)
▼ Catheter associated urinary tract infection seriously complicates the care of an already vulnerable patient set and has been estimated to cost the UK National Health Service in excess of one billion pounds per annum. Approximately 50 % of patients catheterised for more than 28 days will experience catheter blockage due to the formation of crystalline biofilm on the eye holes, balloon and lumen of the catheter(Getliffe, 1994) as a result of colonisation by Proteus mirabilis. Blockage can lead to significant complications such as pyelonephritis and septicaemia. To date, strategies to reduce or prevent these infections from occurring have met with limited success. One potential approach to prevent catheter colonisation and blockage is the application of bacteriophages as a catheter coating. Natural parasites of bacteria, bacteriophages offer several advantages over conventional antimicrobial treatment including replication at the site of infection, specificity and, in some cases, biofilm degrading ability. Three novel bacteriophages vB_PmiS_NSM6, vB_PmiP_#3 and vB_PmiM_D3 were isolated from environmental sources and characterised phenotypically and genetically utilising electron microscopy, host range analysis and, for phages vB_PmiS_NSM6 and vB_PmiP_#3, genome sequencing via hybrid assembly. The isolated phages belong to the Caudovirales order and sequence data analysis indicated that they were lysogenic. They possess the characteristic modular architecture of their dsDNA genomes that are densely packed with coding sequence. Both phages displayed terminal redundancy which is indicative of a headful packaging strategy and both appear to be circularly permuted. Putative function was obtained for 63 % of the coding sequences for phage vB_PmiS_NSM6 and 52 % of genes identified in phage vB_PmiP_#3. The effect of these phages, either individually or as a cocktail, on P. mirabilis colonisation of urinary catheters in an in vitro bladder model was investigated. Models were run for 24 h and adhered bacteria used as an indicator of phage activity. A reduction of greater than 3 log10 was observed for phage vB_PmiS_NSM6 treated catheters in comparison to untreated controls across all three sections of catheter analysed. Phage vB_PmiP_#3 reduced bacterial adherence by 1 log10 across all sections and a similar reduction was observed with phage vB_PmiM_D3 of greater than 1 log10. These data were confirmed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) which showed a significant reduction in crystalline deposits on the phage treated catheters. The time taken for the mineralised biofilm to occlude the catheter lumen in the presence of bacteriophages was also investigated. Time to blockage was extended by 61.49 %, 25.67 % and 52.31 % for phages vBPmiS_NSM6, vB_PmiP_#3 and vB_PmiM_D3, respectively, in comparison to controls. Phages vB_PmiS_NSM6 and vB_PmiM_D3 displayed activity on each other’s isolating strain. This enabled the assessment of a two phage cocktail. The cocktail increased time to blockage by approximately 7 % compared to single…
Subjects/Keywords: 362.1966; bacteriophage; Proteus mirabilis; catheter associated urinary tract infection
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APA (6th Edition):
Thompson, R. (2018). The isolation and characterisation of Proteus mirabilis bacteriophages and their effect on the colonisation and blockage of urinary catheters. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of the West of England, Bristol. Retrieved from https://uwe-repository.worktribe.com/output/866010 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.752546
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Thompson, Richard. “The isolation and characterisation of Proteus mirabilis bacteriophages and their effect on the colonisation and blockage of urinary catheters.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, University of the West of England, Bristol. Accessed April 15, 2021.
https://uwe-repository.worktribe.com/output/866010 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.752546.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Thompson, Richard. “The isolation and characterisation of Proteus mirabilis bacteriophages and their effect on the colonisation and blockage of urinary catheters.” 2018. Web. 15 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Thompson R. The isolation and characterisation of Proteus mirabilis bacteriophages and their effect on the colonisation and blockage of urinary catheters. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of the West of England, Bristol; 2018. [cited 2021 Apr 15].
Available from: https://uwe-repository.worktribe.com/output/866010 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.752546.
Council of Science Editors:
Thompson R. The isolation and characterisation of Proteus mirabilis bacteriophages and their effect on the colonisation and blockage of urinary catheters. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of the West of England, Bristol; 2018. Available from: https://uwe-repository.worktribe.com/output/866010 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.752546
University of Pennsylvania
20.
Brown, Jason R.
Examining The Choice To Seek Non-Urgent Urinary Tract Infection Treatment At Emergency Departments.
Degree: 2019, University of Pennsylvania
URL: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/3554
► Problem statement: Non-urgent emergency department (ED) utilization leads to greater risk of ED overcrowding and potentially negative outcomes for patients. Increased understanding of why some…
(more)
▼ Problem statement: Non-urgent emergency department (ED) utilization leads to greater risk of ED overcrowding and potentially negative outcomes for patients. Increased understanding of why some patients continue to use EDs for non-urgent care despite the increasing availability of lower cost alternatives such as urgent care clinics (UCC) is needed. The aim of this three-article dissertation was to: 1) assess current literature on non-urgent care utilization across different healthcare service settings, 2) examine the impact of opening a same brand UCC on non-urgent ED utilization for the treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTI) among those who live closest to the recently opened UCC, and 3) assess differences in predisposing, enabling, illness, and cognitive bias levels among young adult women who seek uncomplicated UTI treatment at EDs compared to those who attend UCCs.
Procedure and Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted on non-urgent ED patient comparisons across multiple healthcare service settings. The impact of opening a same brand UCC on ED utilization for uncomplicated UTIs was assessed with a retrospective cohort study. Lastly, a quantitative cross-sectional online survey administered through Turk Prime was conducted to assess differences among young adult women who sought uncomplicated UTI treatment at EDs versus UCCs.
Results: There remains a continued need for literature comparing non-urgent patients across multiple service settings. The opening of a same branded UCC had little impact on non-urgent ED utilization for the treatment of uncomplicated UTIs for patients living in four zip codes nearest to the UCC and belonging to a single large healthcare system. Given an uncomplicated UTI ED visit, a person was significantly more likely to have had abdominal pain (Exposure odds (Exposure odds (EO)) 3.13 (95% CI 1.51-6.75)) and more risk averse (EO 5.53 (95% CI 1.75-18.91)) compared to those who sought treatment at an UCC in an online survey sample.
Conclusions: Using a single diagnosis of uncomplicated UTIs as well as cognitive bias measures was useful in identifying novel insights into non-urgent ED utilization. Cognitive biases and symptom/diagnosis specifics variables should continue to be studied in comparisons of non-urgent patients across different healthcare settings.
Subjects/Keywords: Behavioral economics; Emergency Department; Non-urgent; Urinary tract infection; Nursing
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APA (6th Edition):
Brown, J. R. (2019). Examining The Choice To Seek Non-Urgent Urinary Tract Infection Treatment At Emergency Departments. (Thesis). University of Pennsylvania. Retrieved from https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/3554
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Brown, Jason R. “Examining The Choice To Seek Non-Urgent Urinary Tract Infection Treatment At Emergency Departments.” 2019. Thesis, University of Pennsylvania. Accessed April 15, 2021.
https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/3554.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Brown, Jason R. “Examining The Choice To Seek Non-Urgent Urinary Tract Infection Treatment At Emergency Departments.” 2019. Web. 15 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Brown JR. Examining The Choice To Seek Non-Urgent Urinary Tract Infection Treatment At Emergency Departments. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Pennsylvania; 2019. [cited 2021 Apr 15].
Available from: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/3554.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Brown JR. Examining The Choice To Seek Non-Urgent Urinary Tract Infection Treatment At Emergency Departments. [Thesis]. University of Pennsylvania; 2019. Available from: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/3554
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Universidade Estadual de Campinas
21.
Alves, Danilo Antonini, 1987-.
Abordagem biofarmacêutica de partículas poliméricas em bactérias causadoras de infecção no trato urinário.
Degree: Instituto de Biologia; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências e Tecnologia de Produtos Bioativos, 2016, Universidade Estadual de Campinas
URL: ALVES,
Danilo
Antonini.
Abordagem
biofarmacêutica
de
partículas
poliméricas
em
bactérias
causadoras
de
infecção
no
trato
urinário.
2016.
1
recurso
online
(137
p.).
Tese
(doutorado)
-
Universidade
Estadual
de
Campinas,
Instituto
de
Biologia,
Campinas,
SP.
Disponível
em:
<http://www.repositorio.unicamp.br/handle/REPOSIP/330778>.
Acesso
em:
31
ago.
2018.
;
http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/330778
► Orientador: Marcelo Lancellotti
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-31T23:37:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alves_DaniloAntonini_D.pdf:…
(more)
▼ Orientador: Marcelo Lancellotti
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-31T23:37:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alves_DaniloAntonini_D.pdf: 3517332 bytes, checksum: a63a3cde47ca071f9e01fcb078a58e83 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016
Resumo: A infecção do trato urinário (ITU) é uma afecção muito comum, caracterizada pela presença de microrganismos no sistema urinário. Tais patologias são responsáveis por grande parte dos processos infecciosos adquiridos na comunidade e nos ambientes hospitalares. Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosas e Klebsiella pneumoniae são descritas na literatura como as principais responsáveis pelas causas de ITU. O uso indiscriminado dos antibióticos ao longo do tempo, fizeram com que os microorganismos patogênicos criassem mecanismos adaptativos de resistência à varias drogas existentes, tornando-se alvo de preocupação dos órgãos públicos de
saúde, principalmente no que se diz respeito à ambientes hospitalares. Este trabalho terá como objetivo propor novas alternativas de tratamento para pacientes com ITU baseados em partículas poliméricas associadas a agentes antimicrobianos da classe das quinolonas. Tais partículas foram caracterizadas através das técnicas de Dinamic Light Scattering (Espalhamento Dinâmico de Luz), Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (Análise de Rastreamento de Nanopartículas) e por Potencial Zeta. O perfil de dissolução e liberação dos sistemas obtidos foi avaliado pela técnica de difusão vertical in vitro em células de Franz. A avaliação biológica dos compostos foi avaliada através da técnica de Mínima Concentração Inibitória, utilizando bactérias isoladas de pacientes com ITU e por avaliação da citotoxicidade pelo Ensaio de Viabilidade Celular Através da Redução do MTT
A urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common disorder characterized by the presence of microorganisms in the urinary system. These
diseases are responsible for much of the infectious processes acquired in the community and in hospital settings. Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosas and Klebsiella pneumoniae are described in the literature as the main responsible for the causes of UTI. Indiscriminate use of antibiotics over time, caused pathogenic microorganisms would create adaptive mechanisms of resistance to several existing drugs, becoming the subject of concern of public health agencies, especially as it relates to hospital settings. This work will aim to propose new treatment alternatives for patients with UTI based on polymer particles associated with antimicrobial agents of the quinolone class. These particles were characterized by the techniques of Dynamic Light Scattering , Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis and Zeta potential. The dissolution profile and release of systems obtained was evaluated by vertical diffusion technique in vitro Franz cell. The biological evaluation of the compounds was
evaluated by the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration technique using bacteria isolated from patients with urinary tract…
Advisors/Committee Members: UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS, Lancellotti, Marcelo, 1976-, Catharino, Rodrigo Ramos, Rennó, André Lisboa, Kawano, Daniel Fábio, Martins, Luciano Moura.
Subjects/Keywords: Nanopartículas poliméricas; Infecções urinárias; Quinolonas; Polymeric nanoparticles; Urinary tract infection; Quinolones
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Alves, Danilo Antonini, 1. (2016). Abordagem biofarmacêutica de partículas poliméricas em bactérias causadoras de infecção no trato urinário. (Doctoral Dissertation). Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Retrieved from ALVES, Danilo Antonini. Abordagem biofarmacêutica de partículas poliméricas em bactérias causadoras de infecção no trato urinário. 2016. 1 recurso online (137 p.). Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia, Campinas, SP. Disponível em: <http://www.repositorio.unicamp.br/handle/REPOSIP/330778>. Acesso em: 31 ago. 2018. ; http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/330778
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Alves, Danilo Antonini, 1987-. “Abordagem biofarmacêutica de partículas poliméricas em bactérias causadoras de infecção no trato urinário.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Accessed April 15, 2021.
ALVES, Danilo Antonini. Abordagem biofarmacêutica de partículas poliméricas em bactérias causadoras de infecção no trato urinário. 2016. 1 recurso online (137 p.). Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia, Campinas, SP. Disponível em: <http://www.repositorio.unicamp.br/handle/REPOSIP/330778>. Acesso em: 31 ago. 2018. ; http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/330778.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Alves, Danilo Antonini, 1987-. “Abordagem biofarmacêutica de partículas poliméricas em bactérias causadoras de infecção no trato urinário.” 2016. Web. 15 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Alves, Danilo Antonini 1. Abordagem biofarmacêutica de partículas poliméricas em bactérias causadoras de infecção no trato urinário. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Universidade Estadual de Campinas; 2016. [cited 2021 Apr 15].
Available from: ALVES, Danilo Antonini. Abordagem biofarmacêutica de partículas poliméricas em bactérias causadoras de infecção no trato urinário. 2016. 1 recurso online (137 p.). Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia, Campinas, SP. Disponível em: <http://www.repositorio.unicamp.br/handle/REPOSIP/330778>. Acesso em: 31 ago. 2018. ; http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/330778.
Council of Science Editors:
Alves, Danilo Antonini 1. Abordagem biofarmacêutica de partículas poliméricas em bactérias causadoras de infecção no trato urinário. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Universidade Estadual de Campinas; 2016. Available from: ALVES, Danilo Antonini. Abordagem biofarmacêutica de partículas poliméricas em bactérias causadoras de infecção no trato urinário. 2016. 1 recurso online (137 p.). Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia, Campinas, SP. Disponível em: <http://www.repositorio.unicamp.br/handle/REPOSIP/330778>. Acesso em: 31 ago. 2018. ; http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/330778
22.
Ranfaing, Jérémy.
Etudes des activités anti-adhérentielles et anti-bactériennes de la canneberge (Vaccinium macrocarpon) et de la propolis : Study of the anti-adherential and anti-bacterial effect of cranberryand propolis.
Degree: Docteur es, Biologie Santé, 2017, Montpellier
URL: http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT122
► L’infection urinaire (IU) est un problème majeur de Santé publique. La cystite aiguë touchant principalement les femmes est la plus fréquente des IU. La bactérie…
(more)
▼ L’infection urinaire (IU) est un problème majeur de Santé publique. La cystite aiguë touchant principalement les femmes est la plus fréquente des IU. La bactérie la plus fréquemment isolée au cours de ces IU est Escherichia coli. Une des particularités de la cystite est sa propension à récidiver. Le traitement préconisé pour ces infections est la prise d’antibiotiques, qui peut être fréquente en cas de cystites récidivantes. C’est dans ce contexte que de nouvelles stratégies doivent être développées afin de prévenir et traiter les IU récidivantes. Parmi ces différentes stratégies, l’utilisation de produits naturels tels que la canneberge (Vaccinium macrocarpon) apparaît comme prometteuse. En effet, des études précédentes ont montré que la canneberge a un effet négatif sur l’adhésion des bactéries aux cellules superficielles de l’épithélium vésical facilitant l’élimination des bactéries par le flux urinaire. Cette activité est portée par la proanthocyanidine de type A (PAC-A). D’autre part, une étude menée par notre équipe a montré que l’effet de la canneberge sur l’adhésion et la virulence de souches d’E. coli uropathogènes pouvait être potentialisé par l’ajout d’un autre composé naturel : la propolis. Depuis l’Antiquité ses propriétés anti-bactériennes sont reconnues et des études plus récentes ont démontré son impact sur des bactéries à Gram positif mais également sur deux bactéries à Gram négatif : E. coli et Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Ce travail de thèse a permis : i) de décrire l’impact de la canneberge, de la propolis et de leur association sur le transcriptome d’une souche clinique d’E. coli uropathogène (G50). Cette analyse transcriptomique a montré que la canneberge entrainait une sous-expression de gènes liés à l’adhésion, mais également de gènes liés à la mobilité et à la formation de biofilm. En revanche, la canneberge augmentait l’expression des gènes liés au métabolisme du fer ainsi qu’à la réponse au stress. Ces effets étaient potentialisés par l’ajout de la propolis. En parallèle, des tests phénotypiques menés sur une collection de souches d’E. coli uropathogènes sur la mobilité et la formation de biofilm ont confirmé les résultats précédents ; ii) de développer un test, basé sur les précédents travaux de transcriptomique, permettant une évaluation standardisée de l’effet de la PAC-A sur E. coli, indépendamment de sa concentration car il n’existe pas de techniques standardisées pour doser cette molécule. C’est ainsi que 4 gènes (tsr, ftnA, fecB, feoB) ont été sélectionnés, le suivi de leur expression permettant une mesure de l’activité anti-bactérienne de la canneberge; iii) de mesurer l’effet potentialisateur de la propolis sur l’activité des antibiotiques utilisés dans le traitement des IU. C’est ainsi qu’il a été montré que l’ajout de la propolis permettait d’augmenter l’activité bactéricide des antibiotiques testés et de diminuer les concentrations minimales inhibitrices de ces antibiotiques.
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is a major problem of public health. Acute cystitis which touches mostly…
Advisors/Committee Members: Sotto, Albert (thesis director).
Subjects/Keywords: Infection urinaire; Canneberge; Propolis; Escherichia coli; Urinary Tract Infection; Cranberry; Propolis; Escherichia coli
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APA (6th Edition):
Ranfaing, J. (2017). Etudes des activités anti-adhérentielles et anti-bactériennes de la canneberge (Vaccinium macrocarpon) et de la propolis : Study of the anti-adherential and anti-bacterial effect of cranberryand propolis. (Doctoral Dissertation). Montpellier. Retrieved from http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT122
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Ranfaing, Jérémy. “Etudes des activités anti-adhérentielles et anti-bactériennes de la canneberge (Vaccinium macrocarpon) et de la propolis : Study of the anti-adherential and anti-bacterial effect of cranberryand propolis.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, Montpellier. Accessed April 15, 2021.
http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT122.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Ranfaing, Jérémy. “Etudes des activités anti-adhérentielles et anti-bactériennes de la canneberge (Vaccinium macrocarpon) et de la propolis : Study of the anti-adherential and anti-bacterial effect of cranberryand propolis.” 2017. Web. 15 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Ranfaing J. Etudes des activités anti-adhérentielles et anti-bactériennes de la canneberge (Vaccinium macrocarpon) et de la propolis : Study of the anti-adherential and anti-bacterial effect of cranberryand propolis. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Montpellier; 2017. [cited 2021 Apr 15].
Available from: http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT122.
Council of Science Editors:
Ranfaing J. Etudes des activités anti-adhérentielles et anti-bactériennes de la canneberge (Vaccinium macrocarpon) et de la propolis : Study of the anti-adherential and anti-bacterial effect of cranberryand propolis. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Montpellier; 2017. Available from: http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT122
Universiteit Utrecht
23.
Venmans, L.M.A.J.
Diabetes and infections: towards an optimal treatment strategy in primary care.
Degree: 2007, Universiteit Utrecht
URL: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/22756
► Context. Almost 90% of the people with diabetes have DM2 and most of them are treated in primary care. Current evidence of the association between…
(more)
▼ Context.
Almost 90% of the people with diabetes have DM2 and most of them are treated in primary care. Current evidence of the association between diabetes and infections is not clear. A complicated course of infections may influence the diabetes-related burden of people with DM2. However, since there is a lack of data on prognostic factors for complications from infections of the urinary (UTI) and lower respiratory tract (LRTI), related health care cannot be tailored to the individual needs of patients with diabetes.
Research questions.
1. What is the risk of common infections among patients with DM1 and DM2 and which prognostic factors are associated with a complicated course? 2. What knowledge, health beliefs and intentions do patients with type 2 diabetes have concerning the management of common infections? 3. What is the effect of an educational program on health seeking behavior in case of LRTI and UTI in patients with type 2 diabetes?
Methods.
Q1. In a prospective cohort study we compared patients with diabetes with patients who had hypertension. Furthermore, we developed prediction rules for complicated UTI and LRTI in patients with diabetes. Q2. We conducted focus group interviews with DM2 patients. Additional quantitative information was obtained by a questionnaire study. Q3. We developed a health educational program on common infections for DM2 patients, based on the results of the focus group interviews and questionnaires. We assessed its short-term effects on health seeking behavior in 1124 patients with DM2 in 101 general practices in a randomized controlled trial.
Results.
Patients with diabetes had a higher risk of LRTI (adj. OR for DM1 1.42 and for DM2 1.32) and UTI (1.96 and 1.24). Risks increased with recurrences of common infections. Upper RTI were equally common in patients with diabetes compared with controls. Predictors for complicated UTI in DM2 patients were increasing age, male gender, number of physician contacts, urinary incontinence, cerebrovascular disease, dementia and renal disease. Predictors for complicated LRTI in diabetes were type of LRTI diagnosis, age, heart failure, hospitalization in previous year, use of antibiotics in previous month, use of prednisone. The majority of the DM2 patients lacked knowledge and proper health beliefs about UTI and LRTI. After the educational program, compared to controls, knowledge about symptoms of UTI and LRTI in participants of the intervention group increased (increase 11% versus 0% and 31% versus 4%). Moreover bronchitis and cystitis were perceived by more patients as dangerous (increase 21% versus 5% and 22% versus 4%, respectively). Diaries showed that, compared to controls, there was a trend of intervention group patients visiting their GP more often in cases of symptoms about which they had been advised during the educational meetings.
Conclusion.
Diabetes increases the risk of (recurrence of) common infections, except for those of the upper respiratory tract. Education of patients with DM2 and diabetes care…
Subjects/Keywords: Geneeskunde; diabetes; urinary tract infection; lower respiratory tract infection; general practice; etiology; prognosis; focus group; randomized controlled trial; education; prevention
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APA ·
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MLA ·
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Venmans, L. M. A. J. (2007). Diabetes and infections: towards an optimal treatment strategy in primary care. (Doctoral Dissertation). Universiteit Utrecht. Retrieved from http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/22756
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Venmans, L M A J. “Diabetes and infections: towards an optimal treatment strategy in primary care.” 2007. Doctoral Dissertation, Universiteit Utrecht. Accessed April 15, 2021.
http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/22756.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Venmans, L M A J. “Diabetes and infections: towards an optimal treatment strategy in primary care.” 2007. Web. 15 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Venmans LMAJ. Diabetes and infections: towards an optimal treatment strategy in primary care. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Universiteit Utrecht; 2007. [cited 2021 Apr 15].
Available from: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/22756.
Council of Science Editors:
Venmans LMAJ. Diabetes and infections: towards an optimal treatment strategy in primary care. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Universiteit Utrecht; 2007. Available from: http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/22756
Technical University of Lisbon
24.
Dias, Inês Freire Norberto.
Estudo longitudinal da eficácia da enrofloxacina no tratamento da infecção do tracto urinário complicada no cão.
Degree: 2011, Technical University of Lisbon
URL: http://www.rcaap.pt/detail.jsp?id=oai:www.repository.utl.pt:10400.5/3625
► Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária
As infecções do tracto urinário complicadas estão associadas a alterações estruturais ou funcionais do tracto genitourinário ou à…
(more)
▼ Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária
As infecções do tracto urinário complicadas estão associadas a alterações estruturais ou
funcionais do tracto genitourinário ou à presença de doenças concomitantes que interfiram
com os mecanismos de defesa do hospedeiro o que aumenta o risco de adquirir infecção ou
falha terapêutica. O objectivo deste estudo foi avaliar as propriedades bactericida e
concentração - dependente da enrofloxacina quando utilizada no dobro da dose padrão,
uma vez ao dia durante 7 dias no tratamento da ITUc no cão. Durante 4 meses, 14 cães
com sinais de ITU inferior, factores que predispusessem a uma potencial ITUc e sem
antibioterapia prévia foram incluídos neste estudo. Os pacientes foram avaliados
clinicamente (através de um inquérito) e a urina foi colhida para urianálise e urocultura aos
dias 0, 3, 7 e 12. A urocultura e os testes de susceptibilidade a antibióticos foram realizados
segundo os métodos padrão e interpretados segundo os critérios do CLSI. Dos 14
pacientes, 7 apresentaram bacteriúria significativa (BS) por Escherichia coli (n=3),
Staphylococcus cohnii (n=1), Proteus mirabilis (n=1), Enterococcus faecalis (n=1), e um
Staphylococcus aureus meticilina - resistente (MRSA) caracterizados por: >105 UFC/ml,
piúria de 10 leucócitos/campo de 400X (n=6) e <5 leucócitos (n=1). Ao dia 0 todas as
bactérias uropatogénicas isoladas foram susceptíveis à enrofloxacina à excepção do MRSA.
Este paciente foi assim excluído do estudo. Além da BS, 6 pacientes submetidos ao
tratamento com enrofloxacina 10 mg/kg a cada 24 horas durante 7 dias tinham uma
anomalia estrutural ou funcional do tracto genitourinário (bexiga neurogénica, n=2;
hiperplasia benigna da próstata (HBP) com cistite polipóide, n=1; HBP com abcessos
prostáticos, n=1; litíase vesical, n=1; carcinoma das células de transição da bexiga (CCT)
com pielonefrite, n=1) e um deles apresentava uma doença concomitante imunossupressora
(linfoma multicêntrico). Assim, estes 7 pacientes apresentavam ITUc. O paciente com CCT e
pielonefrite não seguiu o tratamento padrão e foi avaliado semanalmente durante 4 semanas
apresentando cura bacteriológica na primeira semana de tratamento mas sempre com
hematúria. Os restantes 5 pacientes obtiveram cura bacteriológica ao dia 3. Cinco dias após
tratamento, dois cães apresentaram uroculturas positivas: uma recidiva, o paciente com
linfoma multicêntrico e uma superinfeção e recidiva, o paciente com bacteriúria
assintomática e abcessos prostáticos. Três dos cães com ITUc foram tratados com sucesso
sem recorrência (3 semanas depois). O tratamento aplicado 10 mg/kg a cada 24 horas
durante 7 dias foi eficaz nos casos de ITUc em que as anomalias estruturais e funcionais
foram resolvidas. Este estudo mostra que um acompanhamento detalhado dos pacientes é
essencial para a eficácia e curta duração dos tratamentos da ITUc.
ABSTRACT - LONGITUDINAL STUDY OF ENROFLOXACIN EFFICACY ON THE TREATMENT OF
CANINE COMPLICATED URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS -
Complicated UTIs (cUTIs) are associated with a structural…
Advisors/Committee Members: Pomba, Maria Constança Matias Ferreira, Carneiro, Joana Filipa Paiva de Ferreira Gomes.
Subjects/Keywords: Infecção do tracto urinário; Complicada; Enrofloxacina; Eficácia; Cão; Urinary tract infection; Complicated; Enrofloxacin; Efficacy; Dog
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APA (6th Edition):
Dias, I. F. N. (2011). Estudo longitudinal da eficácia da enrofloxacina no tratamento da infecção do tracto urinário complicada no cão. (Thesis). Technical University of Lisbon. Retrieved from http://www.rcaap.pt/detail.jsp?id=oai:www.repository.utl.pt:10400.5/3625
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Dias, Inês Freire Norberto. “Estudo longitudinal da eficácia da enrofloxacina no tratamento da infecção do tracto urinário complicada no cão.” 2011. Thesis, Technical University of Lisbon. Accessed April 15, 2021.
http://www.rcaap.pt/detail.jsp?id=oai:www.repository.utl.pt:10400.5/3625.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Dias, Inês Freire Norberto. “Estudo longitudinal da eficácia da enrofloxacina no tratamento da infecção do tracto urinário complicada no cão.” 2011. Web. 15 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Dias IFN. Estudo longitudinal da eficácia da enrofloxacina no tratamento da infecção do tracto urinário complicada no cão. [Internet] [Thesis]. Technical University of Lisbon; 2011. [cited 2021 Apr 15].
Available from: http://www.rcaap.pt/detail.jsp?id=oai:www.repository.utl.pt:10400.5/3625.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Dias IFN. Estudo longitudinal da eficácia da enrofloxacina no tratamento da infecção do tracto urinário complicada no cão. [Thesis]. Technical University of Lisbon; 2011. Available from: http://www.rcaap.pt/detail.jsp?id=oai:www.repository.utl.pt:10400.5/3625
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of Oulu
25.
Venhola, M. (Mika).
Vesicoureteral reflux in children.
Degree: 2011, University of Oulu
URL: http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514295652
► Abstract The aims of the work were to evaluate the comparability and repeatability of urodynamic studies and to examine whether such examinations are useful for…
(more)
▼ Abstract
The aims of the work were to evaluate the comparability and repeatability of urodynamic studies and to examine whether such examinations are useful for predicting the recurrence of urinary tract infections or the presence of vesicoureteral reflux, to analyse the efficacy of treatments for vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), to validate a pre-established clinical decision rule for targeting voiding cystourethrograms efficiently in children and to investigate the occurrence of vesicoureteral reflux.
Reports on urodynamic examinations performed on children were evaluated by analysing inter-observer and intra-observer agreement in their interpretations, and 116 children were followed up to examine whether such examinations can be used to predict the recurrence of urinary tract infections and the presence of vesicoureteral reflux. A meta-analysis of publications on treatments for vesicoureteral reflux was made to analyse their efficacy in children. A group of 406 children were examined to validate a pre-established clinical decision rule for managing vesicoureteral reflux in children after the first urinary tract infection and to investigate the occurrence of VUR in children.
We found poor agreement among the observers in their urodynamic assessments. Neither the occurrence of VUR nor recurrent urinary tract infection could be predicted from the findings in urodynamic studies. The meta-analysis indicated no significant difference between conservative or operative treatment in terms of the recurrence of urinary tract infections, kidney growth or scarring. Our validation of the clinical decision rule showed that it had good specificity but very modest sensitivity in identifying children with dilating vesicoureteral reflux. The overall prevalence of vesicoureteral reflux was 35%, and its occurrence was similar in children without urinary tract infection.
We claim that the occurrence of vesicoureteral reflux in children is higher than the figure of 1% suggested earlier. We could not predict the presence or absence of vesicoureteral reflux from the results of the urodynamic examinations, nor could we predict recurrent urinary tract infections from these findings. We suggest that it is not possible to predict VUR reliably, and that conservative treatment is sufficient for the majority of children with VUR.
Tiivistelmä
Väitöskirjani tutkimussarjassa selvitimme lapsen virtsateissä tapahtuvan virtsan takaisinvirtauksen (vesikoureteraalinen refluksi, VUR) yleisyyttä ja yhteyttä lasten virtsatieinfektioihin, arvioimme aiemmin julkaistun tutkimusohjeen käyttökelpoisuutta lasten virtsateiden kuvantamispäätöstä tehtäessä ja teimme meta-analyysin virtsan takaisinvirtauksen hoitotapojen merkityksestä munuaisten kehitykselle ja toiminnalle. Selvitimme myös virtsarakon toiminnallisten tutkimusten arviointien toistettavuutta ja vertailtavuutta lastenkirurgien kesken sekä onko näillä tutkimuksilla mahdollista havaita onko lapsella VUR tai taipumusta uusiutuviin virtsatieinfektioihin.
Tutkimassamme 406 lapsen aineistossa virtsan…
Advisors/Committee Members: Uhari, M. (Matti), Serlo, W. (Willy).
Subjects/Keywords: child; kidney; renal scarring; urinary tract infection; vesicoureteral reflux; lapset; munuaistaudit; virtsaelimet; virtsan takaisinvirtaus; virtsatieinfektio
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APA (6th Edition):
Venhola, M. (. (2011). Vesicoureteral reflux in children. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Oulu. Retrieved from http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514295652
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Venhola, M (Mika). “Vesicoureteral reflux in children.” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Oulu. Accessed April 15, 2021.
http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514295652.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Venhola, M (Mika). “Vesicoureteral reflux in children.” 2011. Web. 15 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Venhola M(. Vesicoureteral reflux in children. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Oulu; 2011. [cited 2021 Apr 15].
Available from: http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514295652.
Council of Science Editors:
Venhola M(. Vesicoureteral reflux in children. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Oulu; 2011. Available from: http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514295652
Anna University
26.
Subadra M.
Hardware reconfigurable neural network based electronic
nose system for early diagnosis of sterile body fluid
infections.
Degree: Information and Communication, 2012, Anna University
URL: http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/13808
► In the midst of infectious diseases, detection of microorganisms in Sterile Body Fluids (SBF) has vital diagnostic and therapeutic implications. Sepsis and Urinary Tract Infections…
(more)
▼ In the midst of infectious diseases, detection of
microorganisms in Sterile Body Fluids (SBF) has vital diagnostic
and therapeutic implications. Sepsis and Urinary Tract Infections
are such kinds which continue to be a major problem for neonates.
The results of diagnostic studies of these diseases shall be
informed without delay to the concerned physician for initiating
accurate treatment. This research proposes a rapid (lt3 hours) and
hand held diagnostic tool by employing Electronic nose system. Out
of various microorganisms causing neonatal sepsis and Urinary Tract
Infection (UTI), this research focuses on differentiating E.coli
from other microorganisms. This research investigation also tries
to identify the growth phase of E.coli as it cannot be identified
by the conventional gold standard method. In order to carry out
this study, cultured microbial samples were collected and the head
space of each sample was analysed by Metal Oxide Semiconductor
(MOS) sensor array. Four different pattern recognition procedures
have been deployed; they are classified as linear: Principal
Component Analysis (PCA) and three non linear : Multi Layer
Perceptron (MLP), Principal Component Analysis hybrid (PCANN) and
Support Vector Machine (SVM). In comparison with the results of
previous work, it is found that in this work, the overall
sensitivity 99.44% and the overall Specificity 100% are achieved
comparatively in a shorter duration (lt3 hours). This study
successfully demonstrated the feasibility of E-nose as a diagnostic
tool for early diagnosis of sterile body fluid infections together
with the possibility of recognising the growth phase. After
investigation it has been realised that potential does exist for
early diagnosis which may help save the neonates by providing them
an appropriate antibiotic at the earliest. As the MOS sensory array
can be fabricated as a chip, it is now assured that PARC (ANN) can
also be put into the chip, thereby a prototype can be formed for
devising hand held diagnostic tool.
Appendices p. 169-172, References p. 173 -191, List
of publications p. 192-194
Advisors/Committee Members: Rajamani V.
Subjects/Keywords: Neural network; Electronic nose system; Sterile body fluid; E-coli; Urinary Tract Infection
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APA (6th Edition):
M, S. (2012). Hardware reconfigurable neural network based electronic
nose system for early diagnosis of sterile body fluid
infections. (Thesis). Anna University. Retrieved from http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/13808
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
M, Subadra. “Hardware reconfigurable neural network based electronic
nose system for early diagnosis of sterile body fluid
infections.” 2012. Thesis, Anna University. Accessed April 15, 2021.
http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/13808.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
M, Subadra. “Hardware reconfigurable neural network based electronic
nose system for early diagnosis of sterile body fluid
infections.” 2012. Web. 15 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
M S. Hardware reconfigurable neural network based electronic
nose system for early diagnosis of sterile body fluid
infections. [Internet] [Thesis]. Anna University; 2012. [cited 2021 Apr 15].
Available from: http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/13808.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
M S. Hardware reconfigurable neural network based electronic
nose system for early diagnosis of sterile body fluid
infections. [Thesis]. Anna University; 2012. Available from: http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/13808
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Washington University in St. Louis
27.
Kalas, Vasilios.
Conformational Basis and Small Molecule Antagonists of E. coli Adhesion to the Urinary Tract.
Degree: PhD, Biology & Biomedical Sciences (Computational & Molecular Biophysics), 2020, Washington University in St. Louis
URL: https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/art_sci_etds/2207
► Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most prevalent infections, afflicting 15 million women per year in the United States with annual healthcare costs…
(more)
▼ Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most prevalent infections, afflicting 15 million women per year in the United States with annual healthcare costs exceeding $2-3 billion. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) are the main etiological agent of UTIs and employ numerous virulence factors for host colonization. The most common adhesive mechanism by which UPEC mediate host-pathogen interactions is the chaperone-usher pathway (CUP), which is responsible for the assembly of proteinaceous surface appendages termed pili. Generally, CUP pili function in adherence or invasion of host tissues and in biofilm formation on medical devices and body habitats. CUP pili are highly abundant and diverse among a wide variety of Gram-negative pathogens, with 38 distinct pilus types in Escherichia species alone, mediating a considerable range of biological tropisms through adhesins at the distal pilus tip. Typically, these adhesins have a lectin domain, which recognizes a specific carbohydrate receptor, and a pilin domain to anchor the adhesin to the pilus. This thesis specifically examines the structural, dynamic, and allosteric properties of distinct E. coli CUP pilus adhesins that govern interactions critical for pilus function at the host-pathogen interface during UTI. The type 1 pilus adhesin FimH is a critical virulence factor necessary for bacterial attachment to mannosylated receptors on the bladder epithelium during UTI. I determined through molecular and computational biophysics that FimH natively exists in a two-state conformational equilibrium in solution, composed of one low-affinity tense (T) and multiple high-affinity relaxed (R) conformations. I demonstrated that positively selected residues in FimH and ligand binding allosterically modulate this conformational equilibrium and that each of these conformational states engage mannose receptors through distinct binding modes. Mouse models of UTI indicate that FimH has evolved a ҭoderateӠmannose binding affinity through a balanced conformational equilibrium to optimize persistence in the bladder during UTI. Furthermore, I discovered novel small-molecule galactoside antagonists that inhibit the FimH-like adhesin FmlH from binding galactose-containing bladder and kidney epithelial receptors present during chronic UTI. Taken together, this thesis defines the biophysical basis of host receptor recognition and bacterial pathogenesis mediated by FimH and defines the atomic bases of distinct bacterial host tropisms mediated by FimH homologs, which were leveraged to spur the development of antibiotic-sparing, small-molecule glycomimetic antagonists as therapeutics for UTI and other infectious diseases.
Advisors/Committee Members: Scott J. Hultgren, Thomas J. Brett, Gautam Dantas, Jeffrey P. Henderson, Niraj H. Tolia.
Subjects/Keywords: bacterial adhesin, chaperone-usher pilus, galactoside, protein conformation, urinary tract infection, uropathogenic Escherichia coli; Biophysics
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APA (6th Edition):
Kalas, V. (2020). Conformational Basis and Small Molecule Antagonists of E. coli Adhesion to the Urinary Tract. (Doctoral Dissertation). Washington University in St. Louis. Retrieved from https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/art_sci_etds/2207
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Kalas, Vasilios. “Conformational Basis and Small Molecule Antagonists of E. coli Adhesion to the Urinary Tract.” 2020. Doctoral Dissertation, Washington University in St. Louis. Accessed April 15, 2021.
https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/art_sci_etds/2207.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Kalas, Vasilios. “Conformational Basis and Small Molecule Antagonists of E. coli Adhesion to the Urinary Tract.” 2020. Web. 15 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Kalas V. Conformational Basis and Small Molecule Antagonists of E. coli Adhesion to the Urinary Tract. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Washington University in St. Louis; 2020. [cited 2021 Apr 15].
Available from: https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/art_sci_etds/2207.
Council of Science Editors:
Kalas V. Conformational Basis and Small Molecule Antagonists of E. coli Adhesion to the Urinary Tract. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Washington University in St. Louis; 2020. Available from: https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/art_sci_etds/2207
28.
Matos, Ana Isabel Soares de.
Patogénese da Infeção Urinária.
Degree: 2012, Universidade Fernando Pessoa
URL: http://www.rcaap.pt/detail.jsp?id=oai:bdigital.ufp.pt:10284/3567
► Trabalho apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciências Farmacêuticas
A infeção do trato urinário (ITU)…
(more)
▼ Trabalho apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciências Farmacêuticas
A infeção do trato urinário (ITU) ocorre frequentemente no humano. É mais prevalente no sexo feminino, mas também acomete pacientes do sexo masculino principalmente quando associada à manipulação do trato urinário e à disfunção prostática. A ITU pode ser classificada quanto à localização em ITU baixa (cistite) e ITU alta (pielonefrite) e quanto à presença de fatores de risco em ITU não complicada e ITU complicada. Os agentes etiológicos mais frequentemente envolvidos com ITU adquirida na comunidade são, em ordem de frequência: a Escherichia coli, o Staphilococcus saprophyticus, espécies de Proteus e de Klebsiella e o Enterococcus faecalis. A presença de infeção, bem como a sua extensão, depende da interação entre fatores de virulência do microrganismo, defesas do hospedeiro e tamanho do inóculo. Os sinais e sintomas associados à ITU incluem polaciúria, urgência miccional, disúria, hematúria e piúria. A escolha de terapia antimicrobiana para a ITU varia de acordo com a apresentação da infeção, hospedeiro e agente. Estratégias envolvendo diferentes esquemas terapêuticos de acordo com grupos específicos de pacientes maximizam os benefícios terapêuticos além de reduzir os custos, as incidências de efeitos adversos e o surgimento de microrganismos resistentes. A urinary tract infection (UTI) occurs frequently in human. It is more prevalent in females but affects males especially when associated with manipulation of the urinary tract and prostate dysfunction.The UTI can be classified according to location in lower UTI (cystitis) and high UTI (pielonephritis) and according the presence of complicating factors in uncomplicated UTI and complicated UTI. The etiologic agents most frequently involved with community-acquired UTI are in order of frequency: Escherichia coli, Staphilococcus saprophyticus, Proteus species and Klebsiella and Enterococcus faecalis. The presence of infection and their extent depends on the interaction between factors of virulence of the microorganism host defenses and inoculums size. The signs and symptoms associated with UTI include urinary frequency, urinary urgency, dysuria, hematuria and pyuria. The choice of antimicrobial therapy for the ITU varies with the introduction of infection, host and agent. Strategies involving different treatment regimens according to specific patient groups maximize the therapeutic benefits and reduce costs, the incidence of adverse effects and the emergence of resistant microorganisms.
Advisors/Committee Members: Sousa, João Carlos.
Subjects/Keywords: Infeção do trato urinário; Etiologia; Fatores de virulência; Urinary tract infection; Etiology; Virulence factors
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APA (6th Edition):
Matos, A. I. S. d. (2012). Patogénese da Infeção Urinária. (Thesis). Universidade Fernando Pessoa. Retrieved from http://www.rcaap.pt/detail.jsp?id=oai:bdigital.ufp.pt:10284/3567
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Matos, Ana Isabel Soares de. “Patogénese da Infeção Urinária.” 2012. Thesis, Universidade Fernando Pessoa. Accessed April 15, 2021.
http://www.rcaap.pt/detail.jsp?id=oai:bdigital.ufp.pt:10284/3567.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Matos, Ana Isabel Soares de. “Patogénese da Infeção Urinária.” 2012. Web. 15 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Matos AISd. Patogénese da Infeção Urinária. [Internet] [Thesis]. Universidade Fernando Pessoa; 2012. [cited 2021 Apr 15].
Available from: http://www.rcaap.pt/detail.jsp?id=oai:bdigital.ufp.pt:10284/3567.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Matos AISd. Patogénese da Infeção Urinária. [Thesis]. Universidade Fernando Pessoa; 2012. Available from: http://www.rcaap.pt/detail.jsp?id=oai:bdigital.ufp.pt:10284/3567
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Kaunas University of Medicine
29.
Rudaitis, Šarūnas.
Urodinaminių ir kitų klinikinių požymių prognozinė
vertė vaikų šlapimo organų infekcijos
kartojimuisi.
Degree: PhD, Medicine, 2008, Kaunas University of Medicine
URL: http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20080415_135240-28491
;
► Šlapimo organų infekcija (ŠOI) vaikams yra antra pagal dažnį po kvėpavimo organų infekcijų. Tai dažniausia vaikų nefrologinė liga. ŠOI iki 3–6 mėn. amžiaus dažniau serga…
(more)
▼ Šlapimo organų infekcija (ŠOI) vaikams yra
antra pagal dažnį po kvėpavimo organų infekcijų. Tai dažniausia
vaikų nefrologinė liga. ŠOI iki 3–6 mėn. amžiaus dažniau serga
berniukai, vyresniame amžiuje – mergaitės. Priešmokykliniame
amžiuje mergaitės simptomine šlapimo organų infekcija serga 6–20
kartų dažniau nei berniukai. Beveik kas trečia moteris iki 24 metų
ŠOI yra sirgusi bent vieną kartą, o per gyvenimą ŠOI yra sirgusi
beveik kas antra moteris. ŠOI linkusi pasikartoti. Kartojantis ŠOI,
liga gali įgauti lėtinę eigą, sukelti inkstų randėjimą, lėtinį
inkstų funkcijos nepakankamumą (IFN), nulemti hipertenzijos
atsiradimą, o moterims – nėštumo komplikacijas. 29 % vaikų, kuriems
buvo atliktos inkstų transplantacijos, inkstų pažeidimas buvo
sąlygotas pielonefrito ar intersticinio nefrito. Lietuvoje vaikų
lėtinio IFN priežastis 31,7 proc. obstrukcinė nefropatija ir
lėtinis pielonefritas. Kol nebuvo taikomas profilaktinis gydymas,
60 proc. mergaičių ir 20 proc. berniukų ŠOI pasikartodavo jau
pirmaisiais metais po pirmos ŠOI. Taikant profilaktinį gydymą, 1 m.
laikotarpyje po persirgtos ŠOI. infekcijos pasikartojimas sumažėjo
iki 15 proc. Mažo amžiaus vaikams ŠOI pasikartojimą dažniausiai
lemia įgimtos šlapimo organų anomalijos. Dauguma jaunesnio
mokyklinio amžiaus vaikų, kuriems yra pasikartojanti ŠOI, turi
organiškai nepakitusius šlapimo organus. Pastaruoju metu atliekamos
studijos, kurių tikslas nustatyti elgesio ir funkcinių sutrikimų
vertę ŠOI pasikartojimui, tačiau duomenys... [toliau žr. visą
tekstą]
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the
most common bacterial diseases in childhood. Recurrent UTI occurs
in 20 – 86% of children. Recurrent UTI is relatively frequent in
girls. At the age of 7, the prevalence of recurrent UTI in boys
population is 1%, in girls population – 5%. Nearly one of three
women will have at least one episode of UTI requiring antimicrobial
therapy by the age of 24 years. Almost half of all women will
experience one UTI during their lifetime. It is known, that in the
group of young children the most common reason of recurrent UTI is
anatomic abnormalities, such as vesicoureteral reflux (VUR),
hydronephrosis. However, not all recurrent UTI can be explained by
anatomic abnormalities. The vast majority of school age children
with recurrent UTI have anatomically normal urinary tract. We found
changes in urodynamic investigation for 91.4% of children with
recurrent urinary tract infection at the age of 5–18. Having a
history of previous recurrent UTI is a strong risk factor for
having subsequent UTI. Antibacterial characteristics of urine and
other host defence mechanisms may be important signs associated
with UTI risk, but have not been clearly shown to be associated
with UTI in healthy persons. Recent studies discuss about the role
of behavioural and functional abnormalities (inadequate fluid
intake, stool retention, infrequent voiding, etc.) that can
predispose recurrent urinary tract infections. Influence of some
these abnormalities for recurrent... [to full
text]
Advisors/Committee Members: Kėvelaitis, Egidijus (Doctoral dissertation supervisor), Kuzminskis, Vytautas (Doctoral dissertation committee chair), Barauskas, Vidmantas (Doctoral dissertation committee member), Jievaltas, Mindaugas (Doctoral dissertation committee member), Skurvydas, Albertas (Doctoral dissertation committee member), Usonis, Vytautas (Doctoral dissertation committee member), Bumblytė, Inga Arūnė (Doctoral dissertation opponent), Kaltenis, Petras (Doctoral dissertation opponent).
Subjects/Keywords: Šlapimo organų
infekcija; Cistitas; Pielonefritas; Vaikai; Urodinaminis
tyrimas; Urinary tract
infection; Cystitis;
Pyelonephritis; Children; Urodynamics
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Rudaitis, . (2008). Urodinaminių ir kitų klinikinių požymių prognozinė
vertė vaikų šlapimo organų infekcijos
kartojimuisi. (Doctoral Dissertation). Kaunas University of Medicine. Retrieved from http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20080415_135240-28491 ;
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Rudaitis, Šarūnas. “Urodinaminių ir kitų klinikinių požymių prognozinė
vertė vaikų šlapimo organų infekcijos
kartojimuisi.” 2008. Doctoral Dissertation, Kaunas University of Medicine. Accessed April 15, 2021.
http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20080415_135240-28491 ;.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Rudaitis, Šarūnas. “Urodinaminių ir kitų klinikinių požymių prognozinė
vertė vaikų šlapimo organų infekcijos
kartojimuisi.” 2008. Web. 15 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Rudaitis . Urodinaminių ir kitų klinikinių požymių prognozinė
vertė vaikų šlapimo organų infekcijos
kartojimuisi. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Kaunas University of Medicine; 2008. [cited 2021 Apr 15].
Available from: http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20080415_135240-28491 ;.
Council of Science Editors:
Rudaitis . Urodinaminių ir kitų klinikinių požymių prognozinė
vertė vaikų šlapimo organų infekcijos
kartojimuisi. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Kaunas University of Medicine; 2008. Available from: http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20080415_135240-28491 ;
University of Iowa
30.
Murphy, Caitlin Nolan.
The role of cyclic di-GMP in regulating type 3 fimbriae : a colonization factor of Klebsiella pneumonia.
Degree: PhD, Microbiology, 2014, University of Iowa
URL: https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/4703
► Klebsiella pneumoniae is a Gram negative, enteric bacterium that frequently causes disease in immunocompromised individuals. These types of infections are often associated with the…
(more)
▼ Klebsiella pneumoniae is a Gram negative, enteric bacterium that frequently causes disease in immunocompromised individuals. These types of infections are often associated with the presence of indwelling medical devices, which provide a site for the organism to attach and subsequently form a biofilm. A key component in K. pneumoniae biofilm formation in vitro is type 3 fimbriae. The two main components of this project have been to determine if type 3 fimbriae are an in vivo virulence factor using a mouse model of catheter associated
urinary tract infection (CAUTI) and to examine the mechanism by which the production of type 3 fimbriae are regulated. Using a mouse model in which a silicone tube is implanted into the bladder of mice, mimicking the effects of catheterization, we have been able to show that type 3 fimbriae are required for colonization and persistence. Using different time points and conditions, we demonstrated that there are conditions when type 3 fimbriae alone are sufficient for colonization and other conditions where both type 1 and type 3 fimbriae have unique roles in colonization and persistence. Additionally, competition experiments showed that neither fimbrial mutant alone, or a double mutant in type 1 and type 3 fimbriae could compete with wildtype K. pneumoniae. In most animals, only wild-type bacteria were recovered by 24 hours post-inoculation. This work reinforced the role of type 1 fimbriae in pathogenesis and showed, for the first time, a role for type 3 fimbriae using an in vivo model. Our early work has indicated that type 3 fimbriae are regulated at least in part by the intracellular levels of the secondary messenger molecule cyclic di-GMP. Downstream from the type 3 fimbrial operon a gene encoding a phosphodiesterase is present; the product of this gene breaks down cyclic di-GMP. In the absence of this gene the levels of type 3 fimbrial expression are increased. Also adjacent to the
mrk operon is a two-gene operon containing the determinants we have named
mrkH and
mrkI.
mrkH encodes a PilZ domain containing protein, which we have shown binds cyclic di-GMP. Using a transcriptional fusion we have shown that the
mrk gene promoter is activated modestly in the presence of MrkH, but when MrkH and MrkI are both present the activity is increased 100-fold. This has lead to the hypothesis that MrkH and MrkI interact, which we have been able to demonstrate using copurification procedures. This interaction appears to occur in a cyclic di-GMP dependent manner with the resulting protein complex binding to the mrk promoter region and activating the expression of type 3 fimbriae.
Advisors/Committee Members: Clegg, Steven (supervisor).
Subjects/Keywords: catheter associated urinary tract infection; cyclic di-GMP; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Type 3 fimbriae; Microbiology
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APA (6th Edition):
Murphy, C. N. (2014). The role of cyclic di-GMP in regulating type 3 fimbriae : a colonization factor of Klebsiella pneumonia. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Iowa. Retrieved from https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/4703
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Murphy, Caitlin Nolan. “The role of cyclic di-GMP in regulating type 3 fimbriae : a colonization factor of Klebsiella pneumonia.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Iowa. Accessed April 15, 2021.
https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/4703.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Murphy, Caitlin Nolan. “The role of cyclic di-GMP in regulating type 3 fimbriae : a colonization factor of Klebsiella pneumonia.” 2014. Web. 15 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Murphy CN. The role of cyclic di-GMP in regulating type 3 fimbriae : a colonization factor of Klebsiella pneumonia. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Iowa; 2014. [cited 2021 Apr 15].
Available from: https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/4703.
Council of Science Editors:
Murphy CN. The role of cyclic di-GMP in regulating type 3 fimbriae : a colonization factor of Klebsiella pneumonia. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Iowa; 2014. Available from: https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/4703
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