subject:( Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate TDF )

1. Wang, Ruibin. The impact of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate on estimated glomerular filtration rate change and progression to end-stage renal disease among HIV-infected adults in North America.

Degree: 2015, Johns Hopkins University

URL: http://jhir.library.jhu.edu/handle/1774.2/38064

► Background: Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) was associated with an increased risk of renal toxicity, resulting in proximal tubular dysfunction, proteinuria, and chronic kidney disease (CKD).… (more)

▼ Background: Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) was associated with an increased risk of renal toxicity, resulting in proximal tubular dysfunction, proteinuria, and chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, TDF-related nephrotoxicity has not been studied in the context of end-state renal disease (ESRD). We hypothesized that TDF-induced toxicity mainly affected a subset of susceptible HIV-infected patients that led to faster progression to ESRD. Methods: Data was extracted from 12 clinical cohorts under the North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration for Research and Design study that carried out systematic ESRD validation from January 2000 to December 2009. Piece-wise log-linear mixed effects models were used to compare and contrast estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) trajectories in TDF and other nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) therapy groups. A nested design was employed to identify risk factors associated with increased ESRD risk after TDF exposure. Results: Among the 19,653 patients, over 20% of high-risk individuals received less than two serum creatinine-based assessments of kidney function per year. For TDF users with baseline eGFR≥90, 60-89.9 and 45-59.9 mL/min/1.73m2, the annualized eGFR change decreased at -10.1% (p<-0.001), -9.9% (p<-0.001) and -27.2% (p<-0.001), respectively during the first 6 months after therapy initiation. In contrast, eGFR decreased at a slower rate or stabilized among alternative NRTI initiators during this period at rates of -5.9% (p<0.001), 0.7% (p=0.596) and 9.8% (p=0.027) for the same eGFR categories. For patients with baseline eGFR in ranges of 30-44.9 and <30 mL/min/1.73m2, eGFR change was non-significant at -14.0% (p=0.068) and -9.3% (p=0.617) per year, respectively among TDF initiators, whereas among alternative NRTI users, eGFR declined at -27.7% (p<0.001) and -31.2% (p<0.001) per year. Among TDF-exposed patients, black race was independently associated with 3.4 [95% CI: 1.2-9.6] times higher ESRD risk. Conclusion: Insufficient screening and monitoring of kidney function remains as an issue for clinical care of kidney diseases among HIV-infected patients. TDF-based therapies are associated with higher ESRD risks. TDF-induced toxicity mainly affects a small subset of susceptible individuals. Advisors/Committee Members: Abraham, Alison G (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: HIV-infection; Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF); Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI); End-stage renal Disease (ESRD); Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)

…disease; TDF, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate; NRTI, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor… …active research. Tenofovir disoproxil fumartate (TDF) is a member of the NRTI class… …estimated glomerular filtration rate; ESRD, end-stage renal disease; TDF, tenofovir disoproxil… …eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; ESRD, end-stage renal disease; TDF, tenofovir… …disoproxil fumarate; NRTI, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; ARV, antiretroviral drug; PI…

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Wang, R. (2015). The impact of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate on estimated glomerular filtration rate change and progression to end-stage renal disease among HIV-infected adults in North America. (Thesis). Johns Hopkins University. Retrieved from http://jhir.library.jhu.edu/handle/1774.2/38064

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Wang, Ruibin. “The impact of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate on estimated glomerular filtration rate change and progression to end-stage renal disease among HIV-infected adults in North America.” 2015. Thesis, Johns Hopkins University. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://jhir.library.jhu.edu/handle/1774.2/38064.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Wang, Ruibin. “The impact of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate on estimated glomerular filtration rate change and progression to end-stage renal disease among HIV-infected adults in North America.” 2015. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Wang R. The impact of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate on estimated glomerular filtration rate change and progression to end-stage renal disease among HIV-infected adults in North America. [Internet] [Thesis]. Johns Hopkins University; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://jhir.library.jhu.edu/handle/1774.2/38064.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Wang R. The impact of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate on estimated glomerular filtration rate change and progression to end-stage renal disease among HIV-infected adults in North America. [Thesis]. Johns Hopkins University; 2015. Available from: http://jhir.library.jhu.edu/handle/1774.2/38064

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of the Western Cape

2. Suleiman, Reem Abdallah S. Post-market assessment of the quality of first line regimen fixed-dose combination antiretrovirals in South Africa .

Degree: 2017, University of the Western Cape

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6183

► The rapid increase in access to new antiretrovirals (ARVs) worldwide and, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, coupled with the well-documented problem of poor quality ARVs in… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Antiretrovirals; Dissolution; Efavirenz; Emtricitabine; Fixed-dose combination; HPLC; Post-market quality; Quality tests; Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate; Validation

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Suleiman, R. A. S. (2017). Post-market assessment of the quality of first line regimen fixed-dose combination antiretrovirals in South Africa . (Thesis). University of the Western Cape. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6183

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Suleiman, Reem Abdallah S. “Post-market assessment of the quality of first line regimen fixed-dose combination antiretrovirals in South Africa .” 2017. Thesis, University of the Western Cape. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6183.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Suleiman, Reem Abdallah S. “Post-market assessment of the quality of first line regimen fixed-dose combination antiretrovirals in South Africa .” 2017. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Suleiman RAS. Post-market assessment of the quality of first line regimen fixed-dose combination antiretrovirals in South Africa . [Internet] [Thesis]. University of the Western Cape; 2017. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6183.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Suleiman RAS. Post-market assessment of the quality of first line regimen fixed-dose combination antiretrovirals in South Africa . [Thesis]. University of the Western Cape; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6183

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of the Western Cape

3. Tenghe, Lovette Asobo. Formulation and evaluation of polymeric micelles for improved oral delivery of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and zidovudine using poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid nanoparticles .

Degree: 2018, University of the Western Cape

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6770

► Background: Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and Zidovudine (AZT) are both nucleotide and nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NtRTIs and NRTIs), respectively. They are used for… (more)

▼ Background: Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and Zidovudine (AZT) are both nucleotide and nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NtRTIs and NRTIs), respectively. They are used for the management and prevention of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection. These drugs are faced with oral delivery challenges such as low intestinal permeability and extensive first pass liver metabolism for TDF and AZT, respectively. Their use may also be limited by dose-dependent adverse effects, which may result in treatment failure when patients become non-compliant and non-adherent to their prescribed antiretroviral (ARV) regimen. Non-compliance and non-adherence to ARV regimen may lead to drug resistance and a need for change in regimen, which can be very expensive, not only financially but in terms of morbidity and mortality. To solve such issues, a new drug can be formulated, or an existing drug can be modified. The development and formulation of a new drug is time consuming and expensive, especially with no available data and a high probability of failure. Modifying existing drugs is a cheaper, less time-consuming option with lower probability of failure. Such modification can be achieved via non-covalent interactions using various methods such as preparation of nano-particulates with polymeric micelles (a non-covalent interaction). Polymeric micelles offer a variety of polymers to choose from for drug modification purposes. Purpose: The aim of this study was to formulate polymeric nanoparticles of TDF and AZT using different ratios of poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA), characterize the formulated nanoparticles (using the following analyses: particle size, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, hot stage microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy), analyze for stability during storage (2-8˚C) and determine the release rate of the active pharmaceutical ingredients in the formulated nanoparticles. Methods: Nanoparticles were prepared using a modified version of the double emulsion (water-in-oil-in-water) solvent evaporation and diffusion method. Two ratios of PLGA (50:50 and 85:15) were used to prepare four formulations (two each of TDF and AZT). Thereafter, the physicochemical and pharmaceutical properties of the formulations were assessed by characterizing the nanoparticles for particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity index, percentage yield, release profile and particle morphology, using the suggested analytical techniques. Results: For TDF-PLGA 85:15, TDF-PLGA 50:50, AZT-PLGA 85:15 and AZT-PLGA 50:50, nanoparticles of 160.4±1.7 nm,154.3±3.1 nm,127.0±2.32 nm and 153.2±4.3 nm, respectively, were recovered after washing. The polydispersity index (PDI) values were ≤0.418±0.004 after washing, indicating that the formulations were monodispersed. The zeta potential of the particles was -5.72±1 mV, -19.1 mV, -12.2±0.6 mV and -15.3±0.5 mV for TDF-PLGA 85:15, TDF-PLGA 50:50, AZT-PLGA 85:15 and… Advisors/Committee Members: Samsodien, Halima (advisor), Mbamalu, Oluchi (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate; Zidovudine; Nanoparticles; Water-in-oil-in-water double emulsion (W/O/W); Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Tenghe, L. A. (2018). Formulation and evaluation of polymeric micelles for improved oral delivery of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and zidovudine using poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid nanoparticles . (Thesis). University of the Western Cape. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6770

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Tenghe, Lovette Asobo. “Formulation and evaluation of polymeric micelles for improved oral delivery of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and zidovudine using poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid nanoparticles .” 2018. Thesis, University of the Western Cape. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6770.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Tenghe, Lovette Asobo. “Formulation and evaluation of polymeric micelles for improved oral delivery of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and zidovudine using poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid nanoparticles .” 2018. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Tenghe LA. Formulation and evaluation of polymeric micelles for improved oral delivery of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and zidovudine using poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid nanoparticles . [Internet] [Thesis]. University of the Western Cape; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6770.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Tenghe LA. Formulation and evaluation of polymeric micelles for improved oral delivery of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and zidovudine using poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid nanoparticles . [Thesis]. University of the Western Cape; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6770

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Universidade de Lisboa

4. Simões, Ana Maria Torres, 1976-. Estudo dos efeitos da terapêutica antirretroviral na função renal e sua relação no desenvolvimento de insuficiência renal em doentes com infecção por vírus da imunodeficiência humana.

Degree: 2017, Universidade de Lisboa

URL: https://www.rcaap.pt/detail.jsp?id=oai:repositorio.ul.pt:10451/33961

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Tese de mestrado, Doenças Infecciosas Emergentes, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina, 2017

A introdução na prática clínica de fármacos antivirais cada vez mais potentes… (more)

▼

Tese de mestrado, Doenças Infecciosas Emergentes, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina, 2017

A introdução na prática clínica de fármacos antivirais cada vez mais potentes e eficazes, como sucede no tratamento da infecção por vírus da imunodeficiência humana, tem conduzido ao aumento da incidência de nefrotoxicidade relacionada com estes fármacos. Material e métodos: No presente estudo retrospectivo foram analisados os processos clínicos de indivíduos adultos com infecção crónica por VIH-1 e seguidos em consulta no Serviço de Doenças Infecciosas do Hospital de Santa Maria, entre 1985 até 2012, de modo a abranger o período pré-HAART (highly active antiretroviral therapy) e HAART e sem diagnóstico prévio de insuficiência renal. O objectivo do estudo foi o de caracterizar a função renal desta população e analisar os factores de risco nos doentes a fazer terapêutica antirretroviral, particularmente, antes e após a introdução de tenofovir disoproxil fumarato (TDF), utilizando os marcadores ureia, creatinina, cistatina C e a taxa de filtração glomerular estimada (eTFG). Resultados: Foram analisados 89 processos clínicos, dos quais 70 eram do género masculino, com média de idades total a variar entre os 28,90 anos e os 83,30 anos, sendo que apenas sete doentes eram de raça negra. A principal via de transmissão foi a sexual (n=66) seguida pela partilha de materiais usados na administração endovenosa de drogas (n=11). O tempo de infecção, à data da consulta do processo clínico, variou entre os 6,90 anos e os 27,00 anos, sendo o tempo médio 18,10±4,84 anos. A taxa de filtração glomerular estimada revelou que, antes e após a toma de TDF, a maioria dos doentes apresentou valores dentro da normalidade: 93,2% antes da toma de TDF e 93,1% após a inclusão deste fármaco no esquema terapêutico, obtendo-se resultados idênticos do doseamento da cistatina C. Conclusões: Não se obteve evidência estatística de que a taxa de filtração glomerular estimada fosse afectada pelo género, peso, raça ou via de transmissão da infecção, bem como com o tempo de diagnóstico e número de comorbilidades associadas, estando os doentes medicados ou não com TDF. Como esperado, a eTFG apresentou correlação estatisticamente significativa com a idade dos doentes. Após a toma do fármaco TDF, verificou-se um incremento nos valores de linfócitos T CD4+ e uma diminuição significativa da carga viral. O TDF mostrou-se ser um fármaco com perfil renal seguro.

The introduction into clinical practice of increasingly powerful and effective antivirals, as in the treatment of the infection by the human immunodeficiency virus has led to an increased incidence of nephrotoxicity associated to these drugs. Material and methods: Retrospective study where medical records of HIV infected adults followed up at the Infectious Diseases Department, at Santa Maria Hospital, were retrieved, from 1985 until 2012, to cover the pre-HAART and HAART periods, without previous diagnosis of renal failure, in according to clinical records. The aim of the study was to characterize…

Advisors/Committee Members: Valadas, Emília, 1962-.

Subjects/Keywords: Vírus da imunodeficiência; Terapêutica antirretroviral; Tenofovir Disoproxil fumarato (TDF); Função renal; Taxa de filtração glomerular estimada; Teses de mestrado - 2017; Domínio/Área Científica::Ciências Médicas

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Simões, Ana Maria Torres, 1. (2017). Estudo dos efeitos da terapêutica antirretroviral na função renal e sua relação no desenvolvimento de insuficiência renal em doentes com infecção por vírus da imunodeficiência humana. (Thesis). Universidade de Lisboa. Retrieved from https://www.rcaap.pt/detail.jsp?id=oai:repositorio.ul.pt:10451/33961

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Simões, Ana Maria Torres, 1976-. “Estudo dos efeitos da terapêutica antirretroviral na função renal e sua relação no desenvolvimento de insuficiência renal em doentes com infecção por vírus da imunodeficiência humana.” 2017. Thesis, Universidade de Lisboa. Accessed March 05, 2021. https://www.rcaap.pt/detail.jsp?id=oai:repositorio.ul.pt:10451/33961.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Simões, Ana Maria Torres, 1976-. “Estudo dos efeitos da terapêutica antirretroviral na função renal e sua relação no desenvolvimento de insuficiência renal em doentes com infecção por vírus da imunodeficiência humana.” 2017. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Simões, Ana Maria Torres 1. Estudo dos efeitos da terapêutica antirretroviral na função renal e sua relação no desenvolvimento de insuficiência renal em doentes com infecção por vírus da imunodeficiência humana. [Internet] [Thesis]. Universidade de Lisboa; 2017. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: https://www.rcaap.pt/detail.jsp?id=oai:repositorio.ul.pt:10451/33961.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Simões, Ana Maria Torres 1. Estudo dos efeitos da terapêutica antirretroviral na função renal e sua relação no desenvolvimento de insuficiência renal em doentes com infecção por vírus da imunodeficiência humana. [Thesis]. Universidade de Lisboa; 2017. Available from: https://www.rcaap.pt/detail.jsp?id=oai:repositorio.ul.pt:10451/33961

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Washington

5. Mugwanya, Kenneth Kiggundu. Safety of oral tenofovir disoproxil fumarate-based pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention: prospective studies in HIV-uninfected men and women.

Degree: PhD, 2016, University of Washington

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1773/36650

► Antiretroviral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) alone or when co-formulated with emtricitabine (FTC), the same medication used for treatment of HIV infection,… (more)

▼ Antiretroviral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) alone or when co-formulated with emtricitabine (FTC), the same medication used for treatment of HIV infection, is a recommended and highly effective strategy to reduce the risk of sexual acquisition of HIV. The central objective of the studies described in this dissertation was to quantify the risk of potential off-target safety signals associated with TDF-based PrEP use in HIV-uninfected men and women with the overarching goal of providing the evidence base for clinical practice guidelines to accelerate population level delivery of PrEP to fight the global HIV epidemic. The specific aims include to: 1) determine whether TDF-based PrEP causes clinically significant decline in glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), a commonly used-measure of overall kidney function, in HIV-uninfected men and women; 2) determine whether TDF-based PrEP causes proximal tubular dysfunction when used as PrEP and whether proximal tubular dysfunction is associated with clinically relevant decline eGFR; 3) quantify infant exposure to tenofovir and emtricitabine via maternal breast milk when used as PrEP by lactating HIV-uninfected women; 4) determine whether open-label PrEP use for HIV prevention is associated with reduction in safer sex practices (i.e., sexual risk compensation); and 5) review and summarize the totality of empirical literature on the TDF-induced off-target effects when use as PrEP. Findings: Effect of TDF-based PrEP on eGFR: In a large randomized, placebo-controlled trial of daily oral TDF and FTC-TDF PrEP among 4640 heterosexual persons, with median per-protocol follow-up of 18 months and maximum follow-up of 36 months, PrEP resulted in a small but non-progressive decline in eGFR that was not accompanied by a substantial increase in the risk of clinically relevant (≥25%) eGFR decline. The decline quickly resolves within weeks after TDF discontinuation. Effect of FTC-TDF PrEP on proximal tubular dysfunction: In a randomized, placebo-controlled comparison among >1500 HIV-uninfected men and women, FTC-TDF PrEP was not associated with increased risk for proximal tubular dysfunction up to 24 months nor was proximal tubular dysfunction associated with clinically relevant decline in eGFR. Infant exposure to PrEP via breastfeeding: Among lactating women using FTC-TDF PrEP during early postpartum, the estimated infant doses received from breastfeeding and the resultant infant plasma concentrations for both tenofovir and emtricitabine are 12500- and >200-fold below the respective proposed pediatric doses used for therapeutic treatment of infant HIV infection and for prevention of infant postnatal HIV infection and tenofovir was unquantifiable in a majority of infant plasma samples, suggesting that PrEP can be safely used during breastfeeding with minimal infant drug exposure. Sexual risk compensation: The transition from a double-blinded, placebo-controlled phase to one in which all participants were aware that they were receiving active, effective… Advisors/Committee Members: Baeten, Jared M (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Emtricitabine; HIV prevention; Pre-exposure prophylaxis; Pre-exposure prophylaxis during breastfeeding; Safety of pre-exposure prophylaxis; Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate; Public health; Epidemiology; Pharmacology; epidemiology

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Mugwanya, K. K. (2016). Safety of oral tenofovir disoproxil fumarate-based pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention: prospective studies in HIV-uninfected men and women. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Washington. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1773/36650

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Mugwanya, Kenneth Kiggundu. “Safety of oral tenofovir disoproxil fumarate-based pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention: prospective studies in HIV-uninfected men and women.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Washington. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/36650.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Mugwanya, Kenneth Kiggundu. “Safety of oral tenofovir disoproxil fumarate-based pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention: prospective studies in HIV-uninfected men and women.” 2016. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Mugwanya KK. Safety of oral tenofovir disoproxil fumarate-based pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention: prospective studies in HIV-uninfected men and women. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Washington; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1773/36650.

Council of Science Editors:

Mugwanya KK. Safety of oral tenofovir disoproxil fumarate-based pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention: prospective studies in HIV-uninfected men and women. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Washington; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1773/36650

North-West University

6. Mulubwa, Mwila. A pilot investigation on plasma tenofovir levels and possible side effects in HIV-infected women / Mwila Mulubwa .

Degree: 2015, North-West University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10394/15457

► Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) is a nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor and a prodrug of tenofovir (TFV). It is the currently recommended first line combination treatment… (more)

▼ Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) is a nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor and a prodrug of tenofovir (TFV). It is the currently recommended first line combination treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in adults. Various clinical studies have associated treatment with a TDF-containing antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimen with reduced bone mineral density (BMD) and renal dysfunction. Hardly any studies to date have correlated plasma TFV concentration with markers of renal function and bone turnover (BTM). This knowledge is also unavailable in the South African public health care system. Hence, the correlations between plasma TFV concentration and renal function markers and BTM in HIV-infected women were investigated. Renal function markers and BTM in HIV-infected women were compared with those in HIV-uninfected control women. A pilot cross-sectional sub-study within the Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology (PURE) South Africa study was conducted. Sixty women participated, of which 30 HIV-infected women were matched for age and body mass index with 30 HIV-uninfected ones. Ethics approval was obtained from the North-West University, Human Research Ethics committee (NWU-00016-10-A1) on 12 April 2013 to conduct this sub-study and the North West Department of Health, Mmabatho on 08 August 2013 to access patient health information. A validated high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method was developed to analyse TFV in plasma. Renal markers measured were the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), creatinine clearance (CrCl), albuminuria, serum creatinine (SCr), serum urea, serum uric acid, glucosuria, urine sodium (UNa) and maximum tubular reabsorption of phosphate (TmPO4/GFR). The BTM markers measured included C-terminal telopeptide (CTx), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), parathyroid hormone (PTH), total vitamin D (VitD), serum calcium (SrCa), serum phosphate (SrP) and BMD. BMD was assessed using the DTX-200 peripheral DXA system (Osteometer MediTech, Hawthorn, California, USA). Renal and bone markers were analysed on Elecsys® 2010 and COBAS INTERGRA® 400 plus (Roche Diagnostics, Switzerland). Baseline data for HIV-infected participants with regard to CD4+ cell count, SCr prior to TDF initiation, time since TDF initiation, weight prior to TDF initiation and time since HIV diagnosis were collected retrospectively from participants’ public health care files. Statistical analyses applied were linear regression, analysis of covariance, the Mann-Whitney U test, paired t-test and unpaired t-test. IBM® SPSS® Statistics software 22 was used to perform all the statistical analyses. The median and interquartile range of plasma TFV concentration was 113 (74-139.4) ng/mL (n=25) and no TFV was detected in five participants’ plasma. Adjusted analyses showed TFV concentration to be associated with albuminuria (adjusted r2 = 0.339; p = 0.001). Values of CrCl, eGFR and albuminuria (p = 0.032; p = 0.038; p = 0.048, respectively) were significantly higher in HIV-infected women…

Subjects/Keywords: TDF; HIV infection; Plasma tenofovir; Renal dysfunction; Bone turnover; ART

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Mulubwa, M. (2015). A pilot investigation on plasma tenofovir levels and possible side effects in HIV-infected women / Mwila Mulubwa . (Thesis). North-West University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10394/15457

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Mulubwa, Mwila. “A pilot investigation on plasma tenofovir levels and possible side effects in HIV-infected women / Mwila Mulubwa .” 2015. Thesis, North-West University. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/15457.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Mulubwa, Mwila. “A pilot investigation on plasma tenofovir levels and possible side effects in HIV-infected women / Mwila Mulubwa .” 2015. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Mulubwa M. A pilot investigation on plasma tenofovir levels and possible side effects in HIV-infected women / Mwila Mulubwa . [Internet] [Thesis]. North-West University; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10394/15457.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Mulubwa M. A pilot investigation on plasma tenofovir levels and possible side effects in HIV-infected women / Mwila Mulubwa . [Thesis]. North-West University; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10394/15457

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of KwaZulu-Natal

7. Didamson, Onyisi Christiana. The differential influence of HIV-1 subtype C,nucleoside analog resistance mutations: K65R, A62V, S68N and Y115F susceptibility to tenofovir.

Degree: 2019, University of KwaZulu-Natal

URL: https://researchspace.ukzn.ac.za/handle/10413/18683

► The use of Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumerate (TDF) for the treatment of HIV-1 infection has been recommended for the first-line as well as a second-line antiretroviral… (more)

▼ The use of Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumerate (TDF) for the treatment of HIV-1 infection has been recommended for the first-line as well as a second-line antiretroviral regimen in South Africa, due to its high antiretroviral activity and low toxicity level. However, the efficacy of the drug could be threatened by the emergence of drug resistance mutations. The development of TDF resistance poses a public health threat. TDF resistance can be acquired through a selection of the K65R mutation or the K70E mutation (though less frequently) under TDF selection pressure. Besides, K65R and K70E mutations, recent studies have identified other mutations associated with TDF resistance such as A62V, K65N, S68G/N/D, K70E/Q/T, L74I, V75L, and Y115F. These mutations were particularly observed to be in association with the K65R mutation and were reported to be more common in HIV-1 subtype C viruses. Also, these mutations could cause high-level resistance to TDF, especially when in combination with K65R. However, in-vitro studies are required to demonstrate their influence on viral fitness and TDF susceptibility. In this study, we investigated the impact of K65R, A62V, S68D, Y115F, and K65R+S68N on replication capacity and TDF susceptibility. The reverse transcriptase (RT) region was amplified from a drug-naive HIV-1 subtype C isolate obtained from a patient enrolled in the Tropism study (BREC: BF088/07) and cloned into a TOPO vector using a TOPO TA cloning kit. The HIV-1 RT mutations (K65R, A62V, S68D, Y115F, K65R+A62V, K65R+S68D, K65R+S68G, K65R+S68N, and K65R+Y115F) were introduced into the TOPO+RTsubC recombinant using the Quikchange lightning Multi site-directed mutagenesis kit. Next, recombinant viruses were created by co-transfection of the mutant RT amplicons and a pNL4-3-deleted-reverse transcriptase (RT) (pNL43ΔRT) backbone into GXR cells by electroporation. The replication capacity of the mutant viruses was assessed using a replication method that utilized a green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter cell line and flow cytometry. We evaluated the replication capacity using the exponential growth curve function in Excel to determine the percentage GFP-expressing cells between days 2 and 6. The impact of the mutant viruses on susceptibility to TDF was performed in a luciferase-based assay. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) was calculated using Graph Pad Prism. Drug susceptibility was expressed as the fold change in IC50 of mutant virus compared with the wild type virus. Of the 5 TDF- selected mutants analysed: A62V, K65R, and Y115F mutants display a reduction in replicative fitness whereas, S68D and K65R+S68N showed high viral fitness. Interestingly, the TDF- selected resistance mutations we analysed, showed high susceptibility (A62V, S68D, and Y115F) and reduced susceptibility (K65R and K65R+S68N) to TDF. Our findings support the hypothesis that TDF- selected mutations only confer reduced susceptibility to TDF. Hence, further study is needed on various combinations of TDF-selected resistance mutations to further solidify… Advisors/Committee Members: Gordon, Michelle Lucille. (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: HIV-1.; Tenofovir.; Drug resistance mutations.; Antiretroviral drugs.; Viruses.; TDF resistance.

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Didamson, O. C. (2019). The differential influence of HIV-1 subtype C,nucleoside analog resistance mutations: K65R, A62V, S68N and Y115F susceptibility to tenofovir. (Thesis). University of KwaZulu-Natal. Retrieved from https://researchspace.ukzn.ac.za/handle/10413/18683

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Didamson, Onyisi Christiana. “The differential influence of HIV-1 subtype C,nucleoside analog resistance mutations: K65R, A62V, S68N and Y115F susceptibility to tenofovir.” 2019. Thesis, University of KwaZulu-Natal. Accessed March 05, 2021. https://researchspace.ukzn.ac.za/handle/10413/18683.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Didamson, Onyisi Christiana. “The differential influence of HIV-1 subtype C,nucleoside analog resistance mutations: K65R, A62V, S68N and Y115F susceptibility to tenofovir.” 2019. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Didamson OC. The differential influence of HIV-1 subtype C,nucleoside analog resistance mutations: K65R, A62V, S68N and Y115F susceptibility to tenofovir. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of KwaZulu-Natal; 2019. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: https://researchspace.ukzn.ac.za/handle/10413/18683.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Didamson OC. The differential influence of HIV-1 subtype C,nucleoside analog resistance mutations: K65R, A62V, S68N and Y115F susceptibility to tenofovir. [Thesis]. University of KwaZulu-Natal; 2019. Available from: https://researchspace.ukzn.ac.za/handle/10413/18683

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

8. Murphy, Rachel A. Tenofovir Induced Nephrotoxicity: A Mechanistic Study.

Degree: 2017, Marshall University

URL: https://mds.marshall.edu/etd/1088

► Tenofovir (TFV) is a reverse transcriptase inhibitor that is approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat HIV and chronic Hepatitis… (more)

▼ Tenofovir (TFV) is a reverse transcriptase inhibitor that is approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat HIV and chronic Hepatitis B. It has a long half-life, allowing for once a day dosing and is effective in treatment of both naive and experienced patients. It is administered orally as tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and is deesterified in plasma to the active drug TFV. However, renal impairment is associated with its use; TFV can induce decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and free calcitriol, renal failure, and Fanconi Syndrome. The exact mechanism of toxicity currently remains unknown, largely due to limited experimental models. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanisms of cytotoxicity and oxidative damage observed in HK-2 cells following treatment with TFV and to determine if managing oxidative damage mitigates toxicity. TFV is the active form of TDF and was used for all studies. HK-2 cells were grown to confluency for 48 h and then exposed to 0- 28.8 µM TFV for 24, 48, or 72 h. The vehicle used for all studies was phosphate buffered saline (PBS). TFV induces a loss of cell viability compared to the control within 24 h as shown by an MTT assay, Trypan Blue Exclusion cell counts, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage were assessed in whole cell lysate and different cell fractions using OxyBlot and western blot for 4-hydroxynonenol (4-HNE), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), caspase 3, 8, and 9, MnSOD, ATP Synthase, and cytochrome c and showed an increase in protein carbonylation and loss of mitochondrial membrane integrity following 72 h exposure to 28.8 µM TFV. TFV induces apoptosis at 72 h exposure as shown by western blot analysis of cytochrome c leakage and activation of caspase 3 and 9. Studies conducted using Seahorse XFp technology determined that TFV alters mitochondrial function. Studies were conducted using a 1 h pretreatment with antioxidants resveratrol, N-acetyl-L-cysteine, or ascorbic acid, and results showed protection of cell viability following 24 h exposure to 3 and 14.5 μM TFV. These studies suggest that mitochondrial damage and oxidative stress occur in HK-2 cells treated with TFV and that controlling oxidative damage may help prevent toxicity from developing. Additional knowledge of subcellular events associated with tenofovir nephrotoxicity can be used to develop clinical methods to mitigate toxicity.

Subjects/Keywords: apoptosis; cytotoxicity; HK-2 cells; nephrotoxicity; oxidative stress; tenofovir disoproxil fumarate; <; p>; Reverse transcriptase – Inhibitors – Therapeutic use.<; /p>; <; p>; Drugs – Side effects – Research.<; /p>;

…added to form the prodrug tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), which demonstrated… …and Bioavailability of Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate TDF is formulated into a tablet for… …2 Pharmacokinetics and Bioavailability of Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate ............. 4… …diphosphate ....................... 4 Figure 2. Conversion of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate to… …disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and is deesterified in plasma to the active drug TFV. However…

10 more images…

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Murphy, R. A. (2017). Tenofovir Induced Nephrotoxicity: A Mechanistic Study. (Thesis). Marshall University. Retrieved from https://mds.marshall.edu/etd/1088

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Murphy, Rachel A. “Tenofovir Induced Nephrotoxicity: A Mechanistic Study.” 2017. Thesis, Marshall University. Accessed March 05, 2021. https://mds.marshall.edu/etd/1088.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Murphy, Rachel A. “Tenofovir Induced Nephrotoxicity: A Mechanistic Study.” 2017. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Murphy RA. Tenofovir Induced Nephrotoxicity: A Mechanistic Study. [Internet] [Thesis]. Marshall University; 2017. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: https://mds.marshall.edu/etd/1088.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Murphy RA. Tenofovir Induced Nephrotoxicity: A Mechanistic Study. [Thesis]. Marshall University; 2017. Available from: https://mds.marshall.edu/etd/1088

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Toronto

9. Volfson, Zlata. Examining Factors of Physical Activity Participation in Youth with Spina Bifida using the Theoretical Domains Framework.

Degree: 2016, University of Toronto

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1807/76057

►

Spina Bifida (SB) is a congenital neural tube defect that involves the incomplete development of the spinal cord, resulting in varying health ailments. Given the… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Spina Bifida; TDF; 0566

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Volfson, Z. (2016). Examining Factors of Physical Activity Participation in Youth with Spina Bifida using the Theoretical Domains Framework. (Masters Thesis). University of Toronto. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1807/76057

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Volfson, Zlata. “Examining Factors of Physical Activity Participation in Youth with Spina Bifida using the Theoretical Domains Framework.” 2016. Masters Thesis, University of Toronto. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/76057.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Volfson, Zlata. “Examining Factors of Physical Activity Participation in Youth with Spina Bifida using the Theoretical Domains Framework.” 2016. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Volfson Z. Examining Factors of Physical Activity Participation in Youth with Spina Bifida using the Theoretical Domains Framework. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Toronto; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1807/76057.

Council of Science Editors:

Volfson Z. Examining Factors of Physical Activity Participation in Youth with Spina Bifida using the Theoretical Domains Framework. [Masters Thesis]. University of Toronto; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1807/76057

Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology

10. Phillips, Richard O.; Villa, G.; Smith, C.; Stockdale, A.J.; Beloukas, A. Renal health after long-term exposure to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) in HIV/HBV positive adults in Ghana.

Degree: 2018, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology

URL: http://dspace.knust.edu.gh:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/11921

►

Objectives: The study assessed markers of renal health in HIV/HBV co-infected patients receiving TDF- containing antiretroviral therapy in Ghana. Methods: Urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio (uPCR) and… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Tenofovir; Kidney; Booster; Hypertension; HBV

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APA (6^th Edition):

Phillips, Richard O.; Villa, G.; Smith, C.; Stockdale, A.J.; Beloukas, A. (2018). Renal health after long-term exposure to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) in HIV/HBV positive adults in Ghana. (Thesis). Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology. Retrieved from http://dspace.knust.edu.gh:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/11921

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Phillips, Richard O.; Villa, G.; Smith, C.; Stockdale, A.J.; Beloukas, A. “Renal health after long-term exposure to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) in HIV/HBV positive adults in Ghana.” 2018. Thesis, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://dspace.knust.edu.gh:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/11921.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Phillips, Richard O.; Villa, G.; Smith, C.; Stockdale, A.J.; Beloukas, A. “Renal health after long-term exposure to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) in HIV/HBV positive adults in Ghana.” 2018. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Phillips, Richard O.; Villa, G.; Smith, C.; Stockdale, A.J.; Beloukas A. Renal health after long-term exposure to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) in HIV/HBV positive adults in Ghana. [Internet] [Thesis]. Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://dspace.knust.edu.gh:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/11921.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Phillips, Richard O.; Villa, G.; Smith, C.; Stockdale, A.J.; Beloukas A. Renal health after long-term exposure to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) in HIV/HBV positive adults in Ghana. [Thesis]. Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology; 2018. Available from: http://dspace.knust.edu.gh:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/11921

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology

11. Stockdale, Alexander J.; Phillips, Richard O.; Beloukas, Apostolos; Appiah, Lambert Tetteh; Chadwick, David. Liver Fibrosis by Transient Elastography and Virologic Outcomes After Introduction of Tenofovir in Lamivudine-Experienced Adults With HIV and Hepatitis B Virus Coinfection in Ghana.

Degree: 2015, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology

URL: http://dspace.knust.edu.gh:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/11862

►

Background. Antiretroviral treatment (ART) programs in sub-Saharan Africa have for many years included lamivudine as the sole hepatitis B virus (HBV) inhibitor. Long-term outcomes and… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: hepatitis B; lamivudine; tenofovir; transient elastography; Africa.

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APA (6^th Edition):

Stockdale, Alexander J.; Phillips, Richard O.; Beloukas, Apostolos; Appiah, Lambert Tetteh; Chadwick, D. (2015). Liver Fibrosis by Transient Elastography and Virologic Outcomes After Introduction of Tenofovir in Lamivudine-Experienced Adults With HIV and Hepatitis B Virus Coinfection in Ghana. (Thesis). Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology. Retrieved from http://dspace.knust.edu.gh:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/11862

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Stockdale, Alexander J.; Phillips, Richard O.; Beloukas, Apostolos; Appiah, Lambert Tetteh; Chadwick, David. “Liver Fibrosis by Transient Elastography and Virologic Outcomes After Introduction of Tenofovir in Lamivudine-Experienced Adults With HIV and Hepatitis B Virus Coinfection in Ghana.” 2015. Thesis, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://dspace.knust.edu.gh:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/11862.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Stockdale, Alexander J.; Phillips, Richard O.; Beloukas, Apostolos; Appiah, Lambert Tetteh; Chadwick, David. “Liver Fibrosis by Transient Elastography and Virologic Outcomes After Introduction of Tenofovir in Lamivudine-Experienced Adults With HIV and Hepatitis B Virus Coinfection in Ghana.” 2015. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Stockdale, Alexander J.; Phillips, Richard O.; Beloukas, Apostolos; Appiah, Lambert Tetteh; Chadwick D. Liver Fibrosis by Transient Elastography and Virologic Outcomes After Introduction of Tenofovir in Lamivudine-Experienced Adults With HIV and Hepatitis B Virus Coinfection in Ghana. [Internet] [Thesis]. Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://dspace.knust.edu.gh:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/11862.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Stockdale, Alexander J.; Phillips, Richard O.; Beloukas, Apostolos; Appiah, Lambert Tetteh; Chadwick D. Liver Fibrosis by Transient Elastography and Virologic Outcomes After Introduction of Tenofovir in Lamivudine-Experienced Adults With HIV and Hepatitis B Virus Coinfection in Ghana. [Thesis]. Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology; 2015. Available from: http://dspace.knust.edu.gh:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/11862

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Southern California

12. Russell, Jared. The impact of ritonavir on HIV therapy: balancing efficacy and toxicity.

Degree: PhD, Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2012, University of Southern California

URL: http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15799coll3/id/205177/rec/6839

► Objective: The aim of this dissertation is to evaluate the impact of ritonavir (RTV) on HIV therapy. We examine both beneficial and harmful outcomes caused… (more)

▼ Objective: The aim of this dissertation is to evaluate the impact of ritonavir (RTV) on HIV therapy. We examine both beneficial and harmful outcomes caused by combining RTV with nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs). ❧ Methods: The research integrates both in vitro as well as in vivo studies to provide a comprehensive picture to the effect of RTV. Quantification of drug concentrations was performed using an HPLC system coupled to a tandem mass spectrometer (LC-MS). Pharmacodynamics effects were evaluated using a variety of molecular biological techniques. ❧ A small pilot study evaluating five patients receiving stable treatment of Trizivir was intensified for 10 days with lopinavir (LPV) boosted with RTV. We examined the change in plasma and intracellular drug concentrations caused by this combination. ❧ Two large population patient studies, ACTG 5142 and CCTG 578, were examined to determine the effect of the treatment combination of tenofovir disoproxal fumarate (TDF) and RTV. We also identified SNPs in these patients using the MassARRAY iPLEX Gold and identified SNPs which may indicate a protection against or increased risk for kidney dysfunction. ❧ Results: Our in vitro data indicates that RTV can act as an inhibitor of the efflux transporter ABCC2, but that it has little effect on ABCC4 and ABCC5. ❧ We found that the addition of LPV/RTV led to a significant decrease in plasma NRTI levels for the Trizivir combination, but that intracellular drug levels did not change significantly. ❧ Using ACTG 5142 and CCTG 578, we illustrate a link between the combination of TDF and RTV with kidney dysfunction. We have also identified several SNPs that are predictive for renal outcome, but the data is conflicting between the two studies. ❧ Conclusion: This study has found that RTV appears to change intracellular NRTI concentrations by inhibiting ABCC2. In patients, this sequesters the drug in circulating CD4+ cells despite increased NRTI metabolism caused by RTV activation of glucuronidation pathways. This finding suggests that a shift away from plasma AUC and instead focusing on intracellular drug concentrations should occur for therapies combined with RTV. ❧ Increased kidney dysfunction is another consequence of RTV inhibition of ABCC2, especially when RTV is combined with TFV. Patients receiving this combination will need to be closely monitored to ensure their long-term safety. ❧ Additionally, we evaluated SNPs in these targeted transporters to identify predictive markers for susceptibility for kidney dysfunction. We have identified 18 total SNPs in ABCC2 and ABCC4 that had a significant impact on kidney function. However, the impact these SNPs had varied for 5 SNPs that were identified in both the ACTG 5142 and CCTG 578 studies. More research into the impact on protein expression and function will need to be performed to identify SNPs that can be used to evaluate the long term prognosis for patients. Advisors/Committee Members: Louie, Stan G. (Committee Chair), Shen, Wei-Chiang (Committee Member), Petasis, Nicos A. (Committee Member).

Subjects/Keywords: ABCC2; ABCC4; HIV; kidney dysfunction; ritonavir; tenofovir

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Russell, J. (2012). The impact of ritonavir on HIV therapy: balancing efficacy and toxicity. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Southern California. Retrieved from http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15799coll3/id/205177/rec/6839

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Russell, Jared. “The impact of ritonavir on HIV therapy: balancing efficacy and toxicity.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Southern California. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15799coll3/id/205177/rec/6839.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Russell, Jared. “The impact of ritonavir on HIV therapy: balancing efficacy and toxicity.” 2012. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Russell J. The impact of ritonavir on HIV therapy: balancing efficacy and toxicity. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Southern California; 2012. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15799coll3/id/205177/rec/6839.

Council of Science Editors:

Russell J. The impact of ritonavir on HIV therapy: balancing efficacy and toxicity. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Southern California; 2012. Available from: http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15799coll3/id/205177/rec/6839

13. SOARES, Rita de Cassia Albuquerque. Estudo de caso-controle para avaliar a tubulopatia renal proximal (TRP) relacionada ao tenofovir em pessoas vivendo com HIV (PVHIV) .

Degree: 2020, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco

URL: https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/37810

► O tenofovir (TDF) é um antirretroviral introduzido, no Brasil, ao esquema básico para o tratamento antirretroviral. A tubulopatia renal proximal (TRP) induzida por TDF é… (more)

▼ O tenofovir (TDF) é um antirretroviral introduzido, no Brasil, ao esquema básico para o tratamento antirretroviral. A tubulopatia renal proximal (TRP) induzida por TDF é um desafio na prática clínica. Este estudo estimou o risco e verificou a associação entre o uso de tenofovir com o desenvolvimento da TRP em pessoas que vivem com HIV (PVHIV), atendidos no Hospital das Clínicas (Universidade Federal de Pernambuco), de 2016 a 2018. Comparamos o risco do desenvolvimento da TRP em tratados e não tratados com TDF e verificamos associações entre a TRP às diversas características socioeconômicas, clínicas e farmacogenéticas. Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico do tipo caso-controle. Os “casos” preencheram os critérios para o diagnóstico da TRP, o qual foi determinado na presença de duas ou mais das seguintes anormalidades: glicosúria em não diabéticos; acidose metabólica; fração da excreção de ácido úrico e fósforo aumentada, reabsorção tubular do fósforo diminuída β2-microglobulinúria. Foram analisados oito polimorfismos de um único nucleotídeo nos genes: ABCC2, ABCC4, ABCC10 e SLC28A2, com genotipagem realizada com a tecnologia de sondas TaqMan na plataforma de PCR em tempo real ABI 7500. Das 204 PVHIV, 38 (18,5%) PVHIV preencheram os critérios para o diagnóstico de TRP (casos), 64,2% foram do sexo masculino, A média de idade foi de 45,6 anos e a média de uso de TARV foi de 4,6 anos. Em uma análise multivariada, o uso do TDF (OR=12,9), o uso de TDF por mais de três anos (OR=4,84), em indivíduos mais velhos (OR=1,06), uso de IP´s (OR=3,3), de anti-hipertensivos (OR=12,3) e anticonvulsivantes (OR=61,08) apresentaram associação com o risco de desenvolver a TRP. O genótipo C/T do SNP rs3740066 do gene ABCC2 esteve associado com o aumento de ácido úrico excretado na urina (p-valor= 0.002) e aumento da fração do fósforo excretado (p-valor 0.0041). O genótipo T/T do rs11854484 do gene SLC28A2 também esteve associado ao aumento de ácido úrico excretado na urina (p-valor=0.027). O genótipo T/T do rs3740066 do gene ABCC2 esteve associado com menor concentração venosa de bicarbonato (p-valor= 0.012). Alguns genótipos estiveram associados com o aumento de excreção da β2-microglobulina: genótipos A/G do rs8187710 do gene ABCC2 (p-valor=0.003) e do gene ABCC4, os genótipos A/G do rs1059751 (p-valor 0.023), G/G do rs1059751 (p-valor=0.030) e C/C do rs3742106 (p-valor= 0.041), o que sugere uma possível utilização do mesmo no monitoramento dos pacientes sob uso de TDF para a detecção precoce da TRP e preservação da função renal. Advisors/Committee Members: LACERDA, Heloísa Ramos (advisor), ARAÚJO, Paulo Sérgio Ramos de (advisor), http://lattes.cnpq.br/7596693172107120 (advisor), http://lattes.cnpq.br/4426158561241966 (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: HIV; Tubulopatia renal proximal; Tenofovir; Farmacogenética

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

SOARES, R. d. C. A. (2020). Estudo de caso-controle para avaliar a tubulopatia renal proximal (TRP) relacionada ao tenofovir em pessoas vivendo com HIV (PVHIV) . (Doctoral Dissertation). Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. Retrieved from https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/37810

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

SOARES, Rita de Cassia Albuquerque. “Estudo de caso-controle para avaliar a tubulopatia renal proximal (TRP) relacionada ao tenofovir em pessoas vivendo com HIV (PVHIV) .” 2020. Doctoral Dissertation, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. Accessed March 05, 2021. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/37810.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

SOARES, Rita de Cassia Albuquerque. “Estudo de caso-controle para avaliar a tubulopatia renal proximal (TRP) relacionada ao tenofovir em pessoas vivendo com HIV (PVHIV) .” 2020. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

SOARES RdCA. Estudo de caso-controle para avaliar a tubulopatia renal proximal (TRP) relacionada ao tenofovir em pessoas vivendo com HIV (PVHIV) . [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; 2020. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/37810.

Council of Science Editors:

SOARES RdCA. Estudo de caso-controle para avaliar a tubulopatia renal proximal (TRP) relacionada ao tenofovir em pessoas vivendo com HIV (PVHIV) . [Doctoral Dissertation]. Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; 2020. Available from: https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/37810

Ruhr Universität Bochum

14. Guindi, Kamal. Einfluss einer systemischen Medikation mit Fumarsäureestern (Fumaderm®) bei Patienten mit Psoriasis vulgaris unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Lebensqualität.

Degree: 2009, Ruhr Universität Bochum

URL: http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn=urn:nbn:de:hbz:294-25722

► Untersucht wurde ein Kollektiv von 75 Patienten (32 unter Therapie mit FSE, 43 ohne systemische Therapie). Die umfangreiche Datenerhebung erfasste Parameter der allgemeinen, der allgemeinen… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Schuppenflechte; Fumarate; Psychometrie; Krankheitsverhalten; Krankheit / Belastung

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Guindi, K. (2009). Einfluss einer systemischen Medikation mit Fumarsäureestern (Fumaderm®) bei Patienten mit Psoriasis vulgaris unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Lebensqualität. (Thesis). Ruhr Universität Bochum. Retrieved from http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn=urn:nbn:de:hbz:294-25722

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Guindi, Kamal. “Einfluss einer systemischen Medikation mit Fumarsäureestern (Fumaderm®) bei Patienten mit Psoriasis vulgaris unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Lebensqualität.” 2009. Thesis, Ruhr Universität Bochum. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn=urn:nbn:de:hbz:294-25722.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Guindi, Kamal. “Einfluss einer systemischen Medikation mit Fumarsäureestern (Fumaderm®) bei Patienten mit Psoriasis vulgaris unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Lebensqualität.” 2009. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Guindi K. Einfluss einer systemischen Medikation mit Fumarsäureestern (Fumaderm®) bei Patienten mit Psoriasis vulgaris unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Lebensqualität. [Internet] [Thesis]. Ruhr Universität Bochum; 2009. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn=urn:nbn:de:hbz:294-25722.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Guindi K. Einfluss einer systemischen Medikation mit Fumarsäureestern (Fumaderm®) bei Patienten mit Psoriasis vulgaris unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Lebensqualität. [Thesis]. Ruhr Universität Bochum; 2009. Available from: http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn=urn:nbn:de:hbz:294-25722

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Edinburgh

15. Panagopoulou, Theoni Ioanna. Role of the metabolic enzyme fumarate hydratase in aged haematopoiesis and malignant transformation.

Degree: PhD, 2017, University of Edinburgh

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1842/23584

► The finely tuned regulation of haematopoiesis is crucial in order to maintain life-long haematopoiesis. The disruption of the balance among cell fates, can lead to… (more)

▼ The finely tuned regulation of haematopoiesis is crucial in order to maintain life-long haematopoiesis. The disruption of the balance among cell fates, can lead to malignant transformation. It has become increasingly evident that the metabolic regulation haematopoietic stem cells is critical for stem cell fate decisions. Haematopoietic stem cells reside in a hypoxic microenvironment within the bone marrow and are thought to mainly utilize glycolysis rather than oxidative phosphorylation in order to maintain their pool. However recent evidence suggests that oxidative phosphorylation is critical for quiescent HSCs and in several cases, for leukaemic stem cells (LSCs). One of the key parts of mitochondrial respiration is the tricarboxylic cycle (TCA), providing co-factors for its efficient activity. The TCA functions by catalysing the oxidation of pyruvate via key enzymatic activities. A key component of the TCA cycle is fumarate hydratase (Fh1) which catalyses the hydration of fumarate into malate within the mitochondria, but also catalyses the same reaction in the cytoplasm. FH is a tumour suppressor in human lyomeioma and renal kidney cancer (HLRCC). Previous work conducted by our team has shown that Fh1 is essential for foetal and adult haematopoiesis, as Fh1 deletion within the haematopoietic system is embryonic lethal. Furthermore, conditional deletion of Fh1 in donor cells of the Mx1-Cre system that were injected in lethally irradiated recipients, resulted in the complete reduction of their chimerism in the peripheral blood of recipient mice. Mechanistically, these phenotypes were mostly associated with supra-physiological levels of fumarate as a result of Fh1 deletion. Interestingly, by employing mice that ubiquitously express the human cytosolic isoform of FH (FHCyt, which lacks the mitochondrial targeting sequence and therefore is excluded from the mitochondria), we rescued the embryonic lethality that Fh1 causes, and reduced the levels of fumarate. Importantly, although FHCyt expression restored fumarate-associated lethality, it did not restore the mitochondrial defects, allowing us to study the importance of genetically intact TCA in the context of haematopoiesis. Here I investigated the impact that a genetic truncation of the TCA cycle (as a result of the lack of the mitochondrial isoform of Fh1) has on leukaemic transformation and on aged haematopoiesis. Fh1fl/fl; FHCyt; Vav-iCre mice of approximately 60 weeks old displayed and expansion in the pool of early stem and progenitor compartment (Lin- Sca-1+ c-Kit+), as well as in the early progenitors HPC-1 (LSK CD48+ CD150-) and HPC-2 (LSK CD48+ CD150+). Furthermore, the mice exhibited a drastic depletion of B cells (CD19+ B220+) and an expansion in the frequency of the myeloid compartment (Mac-1+ Gr1+). In order to assess the importance of the TCA cycle in malignant transformation, I isolated stem and progenitor cells from Fh1fl/fl; FHCyt; Vav-iCre (and control (Fh1fl/fl; FHCyt Vav-iCre negative or Fh1fl/fl Vav-iCre negative)) E 14.5 day old embryos and…

Subjects/Keywords: 616.99; fumarate hydratase; acute myeloid leukaemia

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Panagopoulou, T. I. (2017). Role of the metabolic enzyme fumarate hydratase in aged haematopoiesis and malignant transformation. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Edinburgh. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1842/23584

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Panagopoulou, Theoni Ioanna. “Role of the metabolic enzyme fumarate hydratase in aged haematopoiesis and malignant transformation.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Edinburgh. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/23584.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Panagopoulou, Theoni Ioanna. “Role of the metabolic enzyme fumarate hydratase in aged haematopoiesis and malignant transformation.” 2017. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Panagopoulou TI. Role of the metabolic enzyme fumarate hydratase in aged haematopoiesis and malignant transformation. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Edinburgh; 2017. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1842/23584.

Council of Science Editors:

Panagopoulou TI. Role of the metabolic enzyme fumarate hydratase in aged haematopoiesis and malignant transformation. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Edinburgh; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1842/23584

16. Danilo Pastori Arantes. Eficiência da ação fotodinâmica em Mycobacterium massiliense.

Degree: 2012, Universidade Federal de São Carlos

URL: http://www.bdtd.ufscar.br/htdocs/tedeSimplificado//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=6561

►

No Brasil houve um crescimento de infecções pós-cirúrgicas por micobactérias de crescimento rápido, principalmente por Mycobacterium massiliense, levando a Agência de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA) estabelecer… (more)

▼

No Brasil houve um crescimento de infecções pós-cirúrgicas por micobactérias de crescimento rápido, principalmente por Mycobacterium massiliense, levando a Agência de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA) estabelecer normas de notificação obrigatória dos casos ocorridos em todo território nacional. Tendo em vista de se tratar de um grande problema de saúde pública, o presente trabalho visou determinar a eficiência da atividade antimicrobiana utilizando Inativação Fotodinâmica (IFD) em Mycobacterium massiliense para futura utilização no tratamento de infecções por esse agente. O objetivo foi testar in vitro, a técnica da IFD no controle de Mycobacterium massiliense, para determinar a melhor dose de luz e concentração de cada fotossensibilizador (FS). Para realizar esta pesquisa foram utilizados dois FS: Photogem e Sal de Curcumina (N-Metil-D-Glucominato de Curcumina, a 31,8%). Como fonte de luz para irradiação, uma BioTable operou em 630nm (luz vermelha) para o Photogem e em 460nm (luz azul) para o Sal de Curcumina. Após padronizado o inóculo, a amostra analisada foi adicionada em triplicata a uma placa de 24 poços a qual continha alíquotas de 500μl do inoculo +500μl do FS para os grupos de estudos testados, e o grupo controle contendo 1ml do inoculo, tendo 5 minutos como tempo de incubação (protegido da luz). Após decorrido o tempo de irradiação de acordo com as fluências previamente analisadas dos grupos testados e com posterior diluição da amostra até o valor de 10-5, 100μl da amostra foram semeadas em triplicada em placas contendo Agar 7H10 + OADC 10% e mantidas a 37o por aproximadamente 5 dias com posterior contagem das unidades formadoras de colônias. Com base nos resultados obtidos, estes mostraram que o FS Photogem até a concentração de 1000μg/ml não foi efetivo na redução do número de UFC de M. massiliense. Em contraponto, o FS Sal de Curcumina foi efetivo a partir da concentração de 1300 μg/ml com dose de luz a 50 J/cm2 comparado ao grupo controle. Assim, estes dados sugerem que o FS Sal de Curcumina sob ação fotodinâmica é uma alternativa viável para a redução de M. massiliense quando testadas in vitro.

In Brazil there was an increase of post-surgical infections by rapidly growing mycobacteria, mainly Mycobacterium massiliense, leading the Agency for Sanitary Surveillance (ANVISA) to establish standards for the mandatory notification of cases occurring nationwide. In order to deal with a major public health problem, this study aimed to determine the efficiency of using antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (PDIa) in Mycobacterium massiliense for future use in the treatment of agent infections. The objective was to test in vitro technique the PDI to control Mycobacterium massiliense to determine the best light dose and concentration of each photosensitizer (FS). To accomplish this search were used two FS: Photogem and salt Curcumin (N-Methyl-D-Glucominato of Curcumin, 31.8%). As a light source for radiating a BioTable operated at 630nm (red light) for Photogem and 460nm (blue light) to…

Advisors/Committee Members: Clovis Wesley Oliveira de Souza.

Subjects/Keywords: Terapia fotodinâmica; Curcumina; TDF; Photogem; Mycobacterium; Curcumin; Mycobacterium massiliense; PDT; OUTROS; Micobactérias

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Arantes, D. P. (2012). Eficiência da ação fotodinâmica em Mycobacterium massiliense. (Thesis). Universidade Federal de São Carlos. Retrieved from http://www.bdtd.ufscar.br/htdocs/tedeSimplificado//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=6561

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Arantes, Danilo Pastori. “Eficiência da ação fotodinâmica em Mycobacterium massiliense.” 2012. Thesis, Universidade Federal de São Carlos. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://www.bdtd.ufscar.br/htdocs/tedeSimplificado//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=6561.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Arantes, Danilo Pastori. “Eficiência da ação fotodinâmica em Mycobacterium massiliense.” 2012. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Arantes DP. Eficiência da ação fotodinâmica em Mycobacterium massiliense. [Internet] [Thesis]. Universidade Federal de São Carlos; 2012. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://www.bdtd.ufscar.br/htdocs/tedeSimplificado//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=6561.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Arantes DP. Eficiência da ação fotodinâmica em Mycobacterium massiliense. [Thesis]. Universidade Federal de São Carlos; 2012. Available from: http://www.bdtd.ufscar.br/htdocs/tedeSimplificado//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=6561

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Penn State University

17. Zayas, Javier Jose. THE USE OF FLUIDIZED BED ASH AND CEMENT KILN DUST FOR ENVIROMENTAL RECLAMATION .

Degree: 2010, Penn State University

URL: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/8939

► The goal of this research is to determine the appropriate proportions for a grout composed of waste materials, fluidized bed combustion (FBC) fly ash and… (more)

▼ The goal of this research is to determine the appropriate proportions for a grout composed of waste materials, fluidized bed combustion (FBC) fly ash and cement kiln dust (CKD), for use as a structural fill in land reclamation. The grout must comply with the laws and codes established by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania’s Department of Environmental Protection (PADEP) to assure that the material is non-hazardous towards the environment after placement. Two types of FBC ashes were evaluated in this research including mixed-fuel FBC ash, a by-product of a coal combustion process that uses a variety of different fuels (anthracite waste coal, petroleum coke, high carbon ash and paper processing residual) and tire derived fuels FBC ash, a by-product of a coal combustion process that uses tires and anthracite waste coal as fuels. The ashes used were a combination of the fly ash and bottom ash co-products of the combustion process in the Northampton Generating Plant at Northampton, PA. The grout mixtures were tested for strength gain, Proctor density, permeability and leachate. No leaching test was performed on the mixed-fuels FBC ash grouts because at the stage where the tests began the Northampton Generating Plant had ceased the production of this ash in favor of the combustion process that would eventually produce the TDF FBC ash. Results indicate that all the grouts were suitable for use as a structural fill in land reclamation. All grouts achieved strengths significantly higher than needed. The resulting grout was required to have a permeability value of 1x10-6 cm/s. None of the grouts achieved the required permeability value during the testing period but a tendency was established that the requirements would be met shortly after testing ended. Leachability tests showed that the TDF FBC ash/ CKD grout complies with PADEP MOD 25 limits. Advisors/Committee Members: Barry Earl Scheetz, Thesis Advisor/Co-Advisor, Barry Earl Scheetz, Thesis Advisor/Co-Advisor.

Subjects/Keywords: CKD; TDF FBC Ash; FBC Ash

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Zayas, J. J. (2010). THE USE OF FLUIDIZED BED ASH AND CEMENT KILN DUST FOR ENVIROMENTAL RECLAMATION . (Thesis). Penn State University. Retrieved from https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/8939

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Zayas, Javier Jose. “THE USE OF FLUIDIZED BED ASH AND CEMENT KILN DUST FOR ENVIROMENTAL RECLAMATION .” 2010. Thesis, Penn State University. Accessed March 05, 2021. https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/8939.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Zayas, Javier Jose. “THE USE OF FLUIDIZED BED ASH AND CEMENT KILN DUST FOR ENVIROMENTAL RECLAMATION .” 2010. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Zayas JJ. THE USE OF FLUIDIZED BED ASH AND CEMENT KILN DUST FOR ENVIROMENTAL RECLAMATION . [Internet] [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2010. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/8939.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Zayas JJ. THE USE OF FLUIDIZED BED ASH AND CEMENT KILN DUST FOR ENVIROMENTAL RECLAMATION . [Thesis]. Penn State University; 2010. Available from: https://submit-etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/8939

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Vanderbilt University

18. Wanga, Valentine Adhiambo. Residual-based Test of Conditional Association between Continuous and Ordinal Variables with Application to Genome-wide Association Studies.

Degree: MS, Biostatistics, 2014, Vanderbilt University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1803/12859

► The discovery of genes linked with a large array of diseases has been accelerated by genome-wide association studies (GWAS), in which genetic variants in different… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: categorical.; additive; recessive; tenofovir; HIV; pharmacokinetics; creatinine clearance; CoCoBOT; dominant

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Wanga, V. A. (2014). Residual-based Test of Conditional Association between Continuous and Ordinal Variables with Application to Genome-wide Association Studies. (Thesis). Vanderbilt University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1803/12859

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Wanga, Valentine Adhiambo. “Residual-based Test of Conditional Association between Continuous and Ordinal Variables with Application to Genome-wide Association Studies.” 2014. Thesis, Vanderbilt University. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1803/12859.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Wanga, Valentine Adhiambo. “Residual-based Test of Conditional Association between Continuous and Ordinal Variables with Application to Genome-wide Association Studies.” 2014. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Wanga VA. Residual-based Test of Conditional Association between Continuous and Ordinal Variables with Application to Genome-wide Association Studies. [Internet] [Thesis]. Vanderbilt University; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1803/12859.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Wanga VA. Residual-based Test of Conditional Association between Continuous and Ordinal Variables with Application to Genome-wide Association Studies. [Thesis]. Vanderbilt University; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1803/12859

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

19. Paula Tuma. Prognóstico Clínico de Pacientes Co-infectados com os Vírus da Hepatite Delta e B com e sem Infecção pelo HIV: na Era da Terapia Antiretroviral de Alta Atividade (HAART) a Infecção pelo HIV Ainda Piora o Desfecho Clínico dos Pacientes?.

Degree: 2009, Universidade Federal de São Paulo

URL: http://www.bdtd.unifesp.br/tede//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1866

► Embora não muito comum, o curso clínico da co-infecção do vírus da hepatite B (VHB) e do vírus da hepatite delta (VHD) geralmente é pior.… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: HIV/AIDS; Hepatitis Delta; HAART; Tenofovir; DOENCAS INFECCIOSAS E PARASITARIAS

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APA (6^th Edition):

Tuma, P. (2009). Prognóstico Clínico de Pacientes Co-infectados com os Vírus da Hepatite Delta e B com e sem Infecção pelo HIV: na Era da Terapia Antiretroviral de Alta Atividade (HAART) a Infecção pelo HIV Ainda Piora o Desfecho Clínico dos Pacientes?. (Thesis). Universidade Federal de São Paulo. Retrieved from http://www.bdtd.unifesp.br/tede//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1866

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Tuma, Paula. “Prognóstico Clínico de Pacientes Co-infectados com os Vírus da Hepatite Delta e B com e sem Infecção pelo HIV: na Era da Terapia Antiretroviral de Alta Atividade (HAART) a Infecção pelo HIV Ainda Piora o Desfecho Clínico dos Pacientes?.” 2009. Thesis, Universidade Federal de São Paulo. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://www.bdtd.unifesp.br/tede//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1866.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Tuma, Paula. “Prognóstico Clínico de Pacientes Co-infectados com os Vírus da Hepatite Delta e B com e sem Infecção pelo HIV: na Era da Terapia Antiretroviral de Alta Atividade (HAART) a Infecção pelo HIV Ainda Piora o Desfecho Clínico dos Pacientes?.” 2009. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Tuma P. Prognóstico Clínico de Pacientes Co-infectados com os Vírus da Hepatite Delta e B com e sem Infecção pelo HIV: na Era da Terapia Antiretroviral de Alta Atividade (HAART) a Infecção pelo HIV Ainda Piora o Desfecho Clínico dos Pacientes?. [Internet] [Thesis]. Universidade Federal de São Paulo; 2009. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://www.bdtd.unifesp.br/tede//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1866.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Tuma P. Prognóstico Clínico de Pacientes Co-infectados com os Vírus da Hepatite Delta e B com e sem Infecção pelo HIV: na Era da Terapia Antiretroviral de Alta Atividade (HAART) a Infecção pelo HIV Ainda Piora o Desfecho Clínico dos Pacientes?. [Thesis]. Universidade Federal de São Paulo; 2009. Available from: http://www.bdtd.unifesp.br/tede//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1866

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of KwaZulu-Natal

20. Rambharose, Sanjeev Kumar. Novel lipidic materials to enhance the transdermal delivery of tenofovir.

Degree: 2017, University of KwaZulu-Natal

URL: https://researchspace.ukzn.ac.za/handle/10413/18500

► The global burden of HIV and AIDS coupled with the limitations of current oral tenofovir (TNF) administration drives the need to develop strategies such as… (more)

▼ The global burden of HIV and AIDS coupled with the limitations of current oral tenofovir (TNF) administration drives the need to develop strategies such as the use of alternate routes of administration to improve drug therapy. Transdermal drug delivery (TDD) offers numerous advantages and is an attractive alternative for the systemic delivery of TNF. Although the inherent protective barrier property of skin is one of the major challenges in the design of TDD systems, the use of chemical permeation enhancers (CPEs) such as fatty acids (FA) and their esters or the use of nano drug delivery systems have the potential to overcome this limitation. To date there are no reports on TDD permeation enhancement strategies or a nanoemulgel (NEG) as a TDD formulation for TNF. Novel lipidic approaches that reversibly decrease the barrier properties of the skin as well as the use lipid based nano drug delivery systems such as NEGs to enhance the TDD of TNF remain to be investigated. The broad aim of this study was therefore to explore the potential of novel lipid-based strategies for enhancing transdermal permeation of TNF. The specific research aims of this study were to: (1) Synthesize and characterize novel biocompatible dendritic ester derivatives of unsaturated FAs (UFAs) and explore their potential as promising permeation enhancers for the transdermal delivery of TNF. (2) Evaluate the novel application of UFA esters of cholesterol as promising transdermal permeation enhancers using TNF as a model drug. (3) Synthesize and characterize novel biocompatible mono, di and tri-ester derivatives of FAs and explore their potential as promising transdermal permeation enhancers using TNF as a model drug. (4) Explore the potential of novel linolenic acid based heterolipid, LLA1E (a novel transdermal permeation enhancer), as an oily phase in the development of a nanoemulgel for the transdermal drug delivery of TNF. UFAs [palmitoleic (PA), linoleic (LA), linolenic (LLA) and arachidonic acid (AA)] were used to synthesize novel dendritic ester derivatives [PA1E, LA1E, LLA1E and AA1E]. The structural features of the biosafe derivatives were confirmed by FTIR, NMR (1H and 13C) and HRMS. All synthesized novel dendritic ester derivatives at 1% w/w were found to be more effective enhancers with LLA1E being identified as the most superior with an ER of 6.11 at 2% w/w. Histomorphological analysis displayed no significant loss in the integrity of the skin and also indicated that TNF utilized both the transcellular and intercellular route of transport, with the drug and enhancer treatment having no permanent effects on the epidermis. Therefore these novel dendritic ester derivatives of UFAs can be considered as effective transdermal permeation enhancers for TNF. The TDD potential of TNF using UFA esters of Cholesterol (Chol) viz., oleate, linoleate and linolenate, as CPEs showed that all Chol UFA esters at 1% w/w were found to be more effective enhancers when compared to their respective parent FAs and saturated FAs counterparts. Cholesteryl… Advisors/Committee Members: Govender, Thirumala. (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Transdermal drug delivery.; Tenofovir.; Fatty acids.; Drug therapy.; Skin.; Nanoemulsion.

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Rambharose, S. K. (2017). Novel lipidic materials to enhance the transdermal delivery of tenofovir. (Thesis). University of KwaZulu-Natal. Retrieved from https://researchspace.ukzn.ac.za/handle/10413/18500

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Rambharose, Sanjeev Kumar. “Novel lipidic materials to enhance the transdermal delivery of tenofovir.” 2017. Thesis, University of KwaZulu-Natal. Accessed March 05, 2021. https://researchspace.ukzn.ac.za/handle/10413/18500.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Rambharose, Sanjeev Kumar. “Novel lipidic materials to enhance the transdermal delivery of tenofovir.” 2017. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Rambharose SK. Novel lipidic materials to enhance the transdermal delivery of tenofovir. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of KwaZulu-Natal; 2017. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: https://researchspace.ukzn.ac.za/handle/10413/18500.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Rambharose SK. Novel lipidic materials to enhance the transdermal delivery of tenofovir. [Thesis]. University of KwaZulu-Natal; 2017. Available from: https://researchspace.ukzn.ac.za/handle/10413/18500

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of KwaZulu-Natal

21. Ntabe, Apungwa Cornelius. Rethinking the practice of community engagement in health research: the case of the tenofovir trials in Cambodia and Cameroon.

Degree: 2020, University of KwaZulu-Natal

URL: https://researchspace.ukzn.ac.za/handle/10413/17787

► Recent developments in the governance of research have recognised the part that communities can and should play in emergent and inventive research. It is now… (more)

▼ Recent developments in the governance of research have recognised the part that communities can and should play in emergent and inventive research. It is now widely agreed that community engagement is essential in certain kinds of research – indeed, an ethical prerequisite – and that it is indispensable to the success of many health research projects. Unfortunately, as an ethical requirement, community engagement has sometimes been seen as a hurdle to jump over rather than as an integral part of the research process. At times, inadequate attention has been paid to how and when community engagement should be implemented and on the need to engage the community meaningfully and genuinely throughout the research process. This is concerning given that researchers and sponsors invest large sums of money in the development of a product, training on clinical procedures, facility designing and building, etc., and yet seem to have repeatedly ignored the importance of meaningful community engagement processes, often at great cost. The aim of this study was to demonstrate, using the tenofovir trials that were stopped in both Cameroon and Cambodia in 2005, that inadequate community engagement might lead to significant scientific losses, whereas early, sustained and meaningful community engagement could prevent this from occurring. The study involved no human participants and used a case study design approach that was based on the secondary data analysis. The cases (Cameroon and Cambodia) for the study were chosen for a number of reasons, but perhaps most significant of these was that the Good Participatory Practice (GPP/AVAC) guidelines which set standard practices for stakeholder’s engagement in HIV vaccine trials, were established in response to the premature ending of the tenofovir trials in these two countries. Several lessons were learned from this study: one of the major ones was that it is not sufficient for researchers to maintain high ethical and scientific standards in a study; in many cases, it is equally important and necessary for them to work very closely with the communities through various flexible mechanisms. Examples of such mechanisms include the community advisory boards (CABs), as well as the local ethical review boards (ERBs). In cases where community engagement is relevant, participation should commence from the very start of the protocol development. Participation should focus on the methodology, participant selection, the procedures for the study results disseminations at different points of the research and finally on enhancing informed participation. Any consultation with the community after the protocol is developed may be regarded as cosmetic rather than as genuine community engagement. Advisors/Committee Members: Matisonn, Heidi Leigh. (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Community engagement.; Health research.; Tenofovir trials.; Cambodia and Cameroon.

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Ntabe, A. C. (2020). Rethinking the practice of community engagement in health research: the case of the tenofovir trials in Cambodia and Cameroon. (Thesis). University of KwaZulu-Natal. Retrieved from https://researchspace.ukzn.ac.za/handle/10413/17787

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Ntabe, Apungwa Cornelius. “Rethinking the practice of community engagement in health research: the case of the tenofovir trials in Cambodia and Cameroon.” 2020. Thesis, University of KwaZulu-Natal. Accessed March 05, 2021. https://researchspace.ukzn.ac.za/handle/10413/17787.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Ntabe, Apungwa Cornelius. “Rethinking the practice of community engagement in health research: the case of the tenofovir trials in Cambodia and Cameroon.” 2020. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Ntabe AC. Rethinking the practice of community engagement in health research: the case of the tenofovir trials in Cambodia and Cameroon. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of KwaZulu-Natal; 2020. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: https://researchspace.ukzn.ac.za/handle/10413/17787.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Ntabe AC. Rethinking the practice of community engagement in health research: the case of the tenofovir trials in Cambodia and Cameroon. [Thesis]. University of KwaZulu-Natal; 2020. Available from: https://researchspace.ukzn.ac.za/handle/10413/17787

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

22. 박, 주한. Clinical Course of Partial Virological Responders.

Degree: 2016, Ajou University

URL: http://repository.ajou.ac.kr/handle/201003/13069 ; http://dcoll.ajou.ac.kr:9080/dcollection/jsp/common/DcLoOrgPer.jsp?sItemId=000000021769

►

Studies about long-term entecavir (ETV) therapy for partial virological response (PVR) are lacking. This study aimed to assess the clinical course of PVR patients receiving… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: entecavir; chronic hepatitis B; partial virological response; tenofovir

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

박, �. (2016). Clinical Course of Partial Virological Responders. (Thesis). Ajou University. Retrieved from http://repository.ajou.ac.kr/handle/201003/13069 ; http://dcoll.ajou.ac.kr:9080/dcollection/jsp/common/DcLoOrgPer.jsp?sItemId=000000021769

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

박, 주한. “Clinical Course of Partial Virological Responders.” 2016. Thesis, Ajou University. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://repository.ajou.ac.kr/handle/201003/13069 ; http://dcoll.ajou.ac.kr:9080/dcollection/jsp/common/DcLoOrgPer.jsp?sItemId=000000021769.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

박, 주한. “Clinical Course of Partial Virological Responders.” 2016. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

박 �. Clinical Course of Partial Virological Responders. [Internet] [Thesis]. Ajou University; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://repository.ajou.ac.kr/handle/201003/13069 ; http://dcoll.ajou.ac.kr:9080/dcollection/jsp/common/DcLoOrgPer.jsp?sItemId=000000021769.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

박 �. Clinical Course of Partial Virological Responders. [Thesis]. Ajou University; 2016. Available from: http://repository.ajou.ac.kr/handle/201003/13069 ; http://dcoll.ajou.ac.kr:9080/dcollection/jsp/common/DcLoOrgPer.jsp?sItemId=000000021769

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Boston University

23. Brennan, Alana Teresa. Shifting to tenofovir use in first-line antiretroviral therapy for HIV-positive adults in public sector treatment programs in sub-Saharan Africa.

Degree: PhD, Epidemiology, 2016, Boston University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2144/19521

► The success of scale up of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is in large part due to the introduction of a… (more)

▼ The success of scale up of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is in large part due to the introduction of a “public health approach” to access advocated by the World Health Organization (WHO) which emphasized standardized treatment regimens that could be purchased in large quantities and delivered at scale. In 2010 the WHO updated their global HIV treatment guidelines recommending the substitution of stavudine with tenofovir (both of which are members of the non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) class of drugs) in first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART). Given the size of treatment programs in sub-Saharan Africa, changing the NRTI used in first-line therapy for HIV could have a substantial impact on treatment outcomes. We conducted three prospective cohort studies using clinical datasets from several sub-Saharan African countries to answer questions surrounding the impacts of exposure to tenofovir in first-line therapy. The first study examines the frequency of stavudine use and single-drug substitutions (substituting the NRTI in first-line ART) in three regions in sub-Saharan Africa by calendar year, 2004–2014. We found a total of 33,441 (8.9%; 95% CI: 8.7–8.9%) single-drug substitutions occurred among 377,656 patients in the first 24 months on ART, close to 40% of which were amongst patients on stavudine. The decrease in single-drug substitutions corresponded with the phasing out of stavudine. We saw an 80% reduction in the risk of single-drug substitutions when comparing tenofovir to stavudine and close to a 70% reduction in the risk when comparing zidovudine to stavudine. The second study uses a regression discontinuity design to evaluate the impact of national HIV treatment guideline changes in South Africa and Zambia recommending tenofovir in first-line ART on treatment outcomes. We found that updated WHO guidelines increased the proportion of patients initiating tenofovir (risk difference (RD) (South Africa): 81%; 95% CI: 73%, 89%; RD (Zambia): 42%; 95% CI: 38%, 45%). Intent to treat estimates showed a decrease in single-drug substitutions in South Africa (RD: -15%; 95% CI: -18%, -12%) and Zambia (RD: -2.0%; 95% CI: -3.6%, -0.3%). In both countries, there was no effect on mortality, attrition or viral load failure (South Africa only). The third study investigates the effect of the 2012 tenofovir stock shortage in South Africa on provider and patient level outcomes, using data from four public-sector Right to Care clinics, two of which experienced a tenofovir stock shortage and two that did not. While imprecise, our results suggest a potential shift in how providers managed patients during the period of the shortage, mainly, a noticeable decrease in the average number of days between visits during the shortage compare to before or after at all four clinics and a significant difference in the proportion of patients missing visits. Difference-in-difference regression results showed a small, but significant, increase in the risk of missed visits during…

Subjects/Keywords: Epidemiology; HIV; Stavudine; Sub-Saharan Africa; Tenofovir; Zidovudine

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Brennan, A. T. (2016). Shifting to tenofovir use in first-line antiretroviral therapy for HIV-positive adults in public sector treatment programs in sub-Saharan Africa. (Doctoral Dissertation). Boston University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2144/19521

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Brennan, Alana Teresa. “Shifting to tenofovir use in first-line antiretroviral therapy for HIV-positive adults in public sector treatment programs in sub-Saharan Africa.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, Boston University. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2144/19521.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Brennan, Alana Teresa. “Shifting to tenofovir use in first-line antiretroviral therapy for HIV-positive adults in public sector treatment programs in sub-Saharan Africa.” 2016. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Brennan AT. Shifting to tenofovir use in first-line antiretroviral therapy for HIV-positive adults in public sector treatment programs in sub-Saharan Africa. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Boston University; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2144/19521.

Council of Science Editors:

Brennan AT. Shifting to tenofovir use in first-line antiretroviral therapy for HIV-positive adults in public sector treatment programs in sub-Saharan Africa. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Boston University; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2144/19521

University of Washington

24. Bender Ignacio, Rachel Ann. Effect of oral and gel tenofovir on genital HSV-2 shedding in immunocompetent women.

Degree: 2015, University of Washington

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1773/27469

► Background: Tenofovir is a potent anti-HIV agent with efficacy in studies of pre-exposure prophylaxis when taken orally or used as an intravaginal gel. Recent studies… (more)

▼ Background: Tenofovir is a potent anti-HIV agent with efficacy in studies of pre-exposure prophylaxis when taken orally or used as an intravaginal gel. Recent studies suggest that tenofovir also reduces the risk of HSV-2 acquisition. Whether oral or gel tenofovir may be useful in HSV disease management, or prevention of HSV-2 transmission, is unclear. Methods: We randomized immunocompetent women with symptomatic HSV-2 infection 2:2:1 to oral tenofovir/placebo vaginal gel, oral placebo/tenofovir vaginal gel, or double placebo in a one-way cross-over clinical trial. Women collected twice daily genital swabs for HSV PCR and completed symptom diaries during a 4-week lead-in and 5 weeks of treatment. We compared of shedding rates and genital lesions with Poisson mixed models and shedding quantity with linear mixed models. Results: 73 women were enrolled and 64 completed the lead-in observation phase and were randomized: 24 women to oral tenofovir, 27 to tenofovir vaginal gel, and 13 to placebo. Relative to baseline, genital HSV shedding showed a trend toward a small decrease from 22.9% to 19.5%, (RR=0.86 p=0.09), in the oral tenofovir arm, but did not differ in the tenofovir vaginal gel arm (13.8% versus 12.0%; RR=0.94, p=0.54) or in the placebo arm (21.3% versus 20.4%; RR=0.90, p=0.45; Table 1). Asymptomatic shedding decreased in the oral tenofovir arm only (RR=0.74, p=0.01). There was no change in days with HSV lesions or number of shedding episodes. Shedding quantity decreased by 0.50 log10 copies in the vaginal gel arm (p=0.008), but remained consistent in the oral tenofovir (p=0.18) and placebo arms (p=0.45). The per-protocol analysis included 20 women in the oral tenofovir arm, 20 in the vaginal gel arm, and 9 in the placebo arm who completed ≥33 days of study product with ≥90% adherence. Relative to baseline, the shedding frequency was reduced in the oral tenofovir arm (RR=0.74, p=0.006), and shedding quantity was reduced in the oral (0.41 log) and gel tenofovir arms (0.6 log); otherwise the results were similar to that of the full cohort. The gel and oral tenofovir were both well tolerated, and overall adherence was high (97%) and equivalent in all arms. Discussion: When used as directed, oral tenofovir causes small decreases in shedding and lesion rate, and quantity of virus shed. Vaginal tenofovir decreases shedding quantity minimally. In contrast to evidence that tenofovir reduces HSV acquisition by half, similar benefits in treatment of established HSV-2 infection were not seen. Advisors/Committee Members: Wald, Anna (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Herpes simplex 2 (HSV-2); HIV; Tenofovir; Transmission; Treatment; Medicine; epidemiology

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Bender Ignacio, R. A. (2015). Effect of oral and gel tenofovir on genital HSV-2 shedding in immunocompetent women. (Thesis). University of Washington. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1773/27469

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Bender Ignacio, Rachel Ann. “Effect of oral and gel tenofovir on genital HSV-2 shedding in immunocompetent women.” 2015. Thesis, University of Washington. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/27469.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Bender Ignacio, Rachel Ann. “Effect of oral and gel tenofovir on genital HSV-2 shedding in immunocompetent women.” 2015. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Bender Ignacio RA. Effect of oral and gel tenofovir on genital HSV-2 shedding in immunocompetent women. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Washington; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1773/27469.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Bender Ignacio RA. Effect of oral and gel tenofovir on genital HSV-2 shedding in immunocompetent women. [Thesis]. University of Washington; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1773/27469

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Addis Ababa University

25. Berhane, Yemane. Assessment of magnitude, severity and determinants of anemia in HIV/AIDS patients taking ZIDOVUDINE and TENOFOVIR containing first line HAAT regimen at ACSH, Mekelle, Ethiopia.

Degree: 2019, Addis Ababa University

URL: http://etd.aau.edu.et/handle/123456789/21174

► Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and anemia are the major public health problems in sub-Sahara Africa. Anemia in HIV-infected individuals is associated with more rapid… (more)

▼ Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and anemia are the major public health problems in sub-Sahara Africa. Anemia in HIV-infected individuals is associated with more rapid disease progression and a poorer prognosis if not addressed appropriately. Objective: This study was aimed at determining the magnitude, severity and determinants of anemia among HIV infected patients taking Zidovudine (ZDV) and Tenofovir (TDF) containing first line HAART regimen in Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital (ACSH), Mekele, Ethiopia 2019. Methods: Institutional based cross sectional study was conducted using both convenient and quota sampling method to assess prevalence, severity and determinants of anemia in ACSH, Ethiopia from February to August 2019. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of 212 HIV infected patients on ZDV and TDF containing first line HAART regimen were assessed. Structured questionnaire, medical records, anthropometric measurement tools (electronic weighing scale, adult height board), automated hematology analyzer (Sysmex XT-4000i) for CBC analysis and Becton Dickinson’s (BD) FACS caliber flow cytometer for the enumeration of CD4 T- lymphocyte count were used. Results: Around one third of the study participants (33.5%, n=212) were found to be anemic (ZDV: 20.3%; TDF: 13.2% and P<0.05). The majority (21.7%, n=212) of them were found to have mild anemia and the remaining were with moderate anemia. In both study groups normocytic-normochromic anemia was the most common type (46.7%, n=212). In patients taking ZDV containing regimen; advanced AIDS stage at enrollment, cotrimoxazole prophylaxis (CPT), poor adherence and underweight at baseline were the significant predictors of anemia. On the other hand, in patients on TDF containing regimen anemia was significantly predicted by CPT intake, poor adherence status and absence of regular income. Conclusion: We found that anemia prevalence is significantly higher among patients taking ZDV containing regimen. But various risk factors for anemia were identified among ZDV containing regimen, showing that appropriate follow up, nutritional supplementation, continuous evaluation of patients on CTP can reduce the risks of anemia in both HAART regimens. Advisors/Committee Members: Dr.Haile, Diresibachew (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Zidovudine; Tenofovir; Immunological profiles; Hematological profiles; duration of treatment

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Berhane, Y. (2019). Assessment of magnitude, severity and determinants of anemia in HIV/AIDS patients taking ZIDOVUDINE and TENOFOVIR containing first line HAAT regimen at ACSH, Mekelle, Ethiopia. (Thesis). Addis Ababa University. Retrieved from http://etd.aau.edu.et/handle/123456789/21174

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Berhane, Yemane. “Assessment of magnitude, severity and determinants of anemia in HIV/AIDS patients taking ZIDOVUDINE and TENOFOVIR containing first line HAAT regimen at ACSH, Mekelle, Ethiopia. ” 2019. Thesis, Addis Ababa University. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://etd.aau.edu.et/handle/123456789/21174.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Berhane, Yemane. “Assessment of magnitude, severity and determinants of anemia in HIV/AIDS patients taking ZIDOVUDINE and TENOFOVIR containing first line HAAT regimen at ACSH, Mekelle, Ethiopia. ” 2019. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Berhane Y. Assessment of magnitude, severity and determinants of anemia in HIV/AIDS patients taking ZIDOVUDINE and TENOFOVIR containing first line HAAT regimen at ACSH, Mekelle, Ethiopia. [Internet] [Thesis]. Addis Ababa University; 2019. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://etd.aau.edu.et/handle/123456789/21174.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Berhane Y. Assessment of magnitude, severity and determinants of anemia in HIV/AIDS patients taking ZIDOVUDINE and TENOFOVIR containing first line HAAT regimen at ACSH, Mekelle, Ethiopia. [Thesis]. Addis Ababa University; 2019. Available from: http://etd.aau.edu.et/handle/123456789/21174

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Boston University

26. Agarwal, Saloni Jain. Quinolone mechanism of action: sensitivity, mutagenesis and tolerance.

Degree: PhD, Biomedical Engineering, 2017, Boston University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2144/26999

► Antibiotics are a foundation of modern medicine, helping to save millions of lives since their discovery in 1928. But the improper and excessive use of… (more)

▼ Antibiotics are a foundation of modern medicine, helping to save millions of lives since their discovery in 1928. But the improper and excessive use of these drugs over the last few decades has led to an alarming increase in antimicrobial resistance; coupled with the recent decrease in antibiotic discovery, it is widely thought that we are approaching a post-antibiotic era. A less well-understood problem is that of drug tolerance. Even at high doses, antibiotics often cannot kill all the bacteria in an infection because of cells that are able to tolerate antibiotic treatment. Evidence points to drug-tolerant cells, also called persisters, to be a major cause of treatment failure and chronic and recurring infections It is imperative that we develop insight and methods to prevent the spread of antimicrobial resistance and combat antimicrobial tolerance. One key effort is characterizing bacterial responses to antibiotic drug treatment to generate a more comprehensive understanding of the factors that contribute to cell death and to elucidate potential targets for new therapies. Quinolones are an important class of antibiotics that target DNA replication. They bind to topoisomerase II and IV, leading to eventual DNA fragmentation and death. However, the precise mechanism by which they work is not well understood. Because they inhibit DNA replication, quinolones lead to up-regulation of the SOS response, which allows for increased mutagenesis and the potential for increased antimicrobial resistance, thus making quinolones an interesting class of antibiotics to study. Although quinolones are one of the most effective classes of antibiotics, there are many conditions in which they do not kill, such as in stationary-phase cultures. Understanding the mechanism behind quinolone killing, quinolone-induced mutagenesis and tolerance to quinolones is important to improve quinolone efficacy. Here I have presented my work on understanding quinolones: sensitivity, mutagenesis and tolerance. In understanding quinolone sensitivity, I focus on DNA repair and its involvement in quinolone-mediated death. I then probe the field of stress-induced mutagenesis by quinolones, uncovering phenotypes of dose-dependent mutagenesis that have previously been uncharacterized. Finally, I focus on drug tolerance and how density-dependent tolerance to quinolones can be reversed by up-regulating cellular respiration through the addition of a carbon source and electron acceptor.

Subjects/Keywords: Biomedical engineering; Ciprofloxacin; Double-stranded breaks; Fumarate; Nalidixic acid

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Agarwal, S. J. (2017). Quinolone mechanism of action: sensitivity, mutagenesis and tolerance. (Doctoral Dissertation). Boston University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2144/26999

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Agarwal, Saloni Jain. “Quinolone mechanism of action: sensitivity, mutagenesis and tolerance.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, Boston University. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2144/26999.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Agarwal, Saloni Jain. “Quinolone mechanism of action: sensitivity, mutagenesis and tolerance.” 2017. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Agarwal SJ. Quinolone mechanism of action: sensitivity, mutagenesis and tolerance. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Boston University; 2017. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2144/26999.

Council of Science Editors:

Agarwal SJ. Quinolone mechanism of action: sensitivity, mutagenesis and tolerance. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Boston University; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2144/26999

27. SULAIMANI, JAMAL. Immunomodulatory therapies for autoimmune diseases.

Degree: School of Biochemistry & Immunology. Discipline of Biochemistry, 2019, Trinity College Dublin

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2262/86872

► Multiple sclerosis (MS) and psoriasis are both T cell mediated autoimmune diseases that are triggered in genetically susceptible individuals in response to environmental factors. Th17… (more)

▼ Multiple sclerosis (MS) and psoriasis are both T cell mediated autoimmune diseases that are triggered in genetically susceptible individuals in response to environmental factors. Th17 cells are strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of both MS and psoriasis, whereas Treg cells suppress effector T cell responses and prevent autoimmunity, however, their function has been shown to be impaired in both diseases. Therefore, targeting the Treg:Th17 axis is of great therapeutic interest in such autoimmune diseases. Therapies for both MS and psoriasis include a range of biologics or small molecules, some of which have very specific mechanisms of action whereas others have broader and less well understood mechanisms of action. Unfortunately most of these therapies can be associated with undesirable side effects and not all patients respond to treatment. Therefore, there is a need for safer therapies and a better understanding of the mechanisms of action of existing therapies. It has been established that vitamin D can exert anti-inflammatory effects in vitro and in vivo in the animal model for MS, prompting the idea of testing oral vitamin D3 supplementation as a therapy for MS. Vitamin D3 is an attractive therapy as it is safe and taken orally, however its efficacy in MS has not yet been established. A double-blind placebo-controlled randomised trial was conducted to examine the immunomodulatory effects of vitamin D3 in healthy controls (HC) (n=38) and clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) patients (n=29). CIS patients, who are those who have experienced only a single clinical neurological episode, were selected since they do not qualify for standard therapies, allowing for the effects of vitamin D3 supplementation to be assessed in isolation. However, although vitamin D3 supplementation increased serum 25(OH)D from baseline in both HC and CIS patients, no clinical or immunomodulatory effects on T cell subsets were observed and the trial did not meet its endpoints. Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is the active ingredient in Fumaderm?, an oral drug which is used for the treatment of psoriasis, and DMF is now also used to treat MS. However, there is a need to better understand the mechanism of action of DMF both in vitro, and in vivo in psoriasis patients since it is poorly understood. Thus, the immunomodulatory effects of both vitamin D3 and DMF were examined in this study. In vitro studies using DMF revealed that the oxidative stress induced by DMF provided a relative advantage to Treg cells via their increased ability to resist oxidative stress. Furthermore, an increased frequency of Treg cells was also observed in psoriasis patients who had been treated with Fumaderm?, and this was associated with a significant decrease in memory CD4+ T cells and more specifically Th17 lineage cells. In summary, this study has provided useful information on the safety and dosage of vitamin D3 supplementation, but could not demonstrate clinical efficacy or immunomodulatory effects on T cell subsets. However this study has provided novel insights into… Advisors/Committee Members: Fletcher, Jean.

Subjects/Keywords: Autoimmunity; Multiple Sclerosis; Psoriasis; Th17; vitamin D; Fumaderm; dimethyl fumarate

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APA (6^th Edition):

SULAIMANI, J. (2019). Immunomodulatory therapies for autoimmune diseases. (Thesis). Trinity College Dublin. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2262/86872

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

SULAIMANI, JAMAL. “Immunomodulatory therapies for autoimmune diseases.” 2019. Thesis, Trinity College Dublin. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2262/86872.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

SULAIMANI, JAMAL. “Immunomodulatory therapies for autoimmune diseases.” 2019. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

SULAIMANI J. Immunomodulatory therapies for autoimmune diseases. [Internet] [Thesis]. Trinity College Dublin; 2019. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2262/86872.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

SULAIMANI J. Immunomodulatory therapies for autoimmune diseases. [Thesis]. Trinity College Dublin; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2262/86872

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Laurentian University

28. Appanna, Varun P. Energy-producing ability of bacteria under oxidative stress .

Degree: 2014, Laurentian University

URL: https://zone.biblio.laurentian.ca/dspace/handle/10219/2259

► Nitrosative stress is caused by reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and is toxic to most organisms. RNS are generated by the immune system to combat infectious… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Reactive nitrogen species (RNS); Pseudomonas fluorescens; fumarate; ATP

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APA (6^th Edition):

Appanna, V. P. (2014). Energy-producing ability of bacteria under oxidative stress . (Thesis). Laurentian University. Retrieved from https://zone.biblio.laurentian.ca/dspace/handle/10219/2259

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Appanna, Varun P. “Energy-producing ability of bacteria under oxidative stress .” 2014. Thesis, Laurentian University. Accessed March 05, 2021. https://zone.biblio.laurentian.ca/dspace/handle/10219/2259.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Appanna, Varun P. “Energy-producing ability of bacteria under oxidative stress .” 2014. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Appanna VP. Energy-producing ability of bacteria under oxidative stress . [Internet] [Thesis]. Laurentian University; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: https://zone.biblio.laurentian.ca/dspace/handle/10219/2259.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Appanna VP. Energy-producing ability of bacteria under oxidative stress . [Thesis]. Laurentian University; 2014. Available from: https://zone.biblio.laurentian.ca/dspace/handle/10219/2259

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Sydney

29. Ghadiri, Mahtab. Peripheral Immune Phenotyping in Multiple Sclerosis: Immunomodulatory Treatment Effects and Treatment Response Biomarkers .

Degree: 2019, University of Sydney

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2123/20809

► Disease modifying therapies (DMTs) used in the treatment of relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) have broad effects on the immune system that are incompletely understood.… (more)

▼ Disease modifying therapies (DMTs) used in the treatment of relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) have broad effects on the immune system that are incompletely understood. There is great heterogeneity in treatment response to most DMTs. However, biomarkers predicting treatment response are lacking. In this thesis, the peripheral immune changes induced by treatment with two DMTs, fingolimod (FTY) and dimethyl fumarate (DMF), are examined in detail by immune phenotyping using multicolour flow cytometry. Chapter 3 presents a longitudinal study of T cell subsets in patients commencing treatment with DMF. Differential losses of T cell subsets are found, including relative changes in regulatory and effector subsets potentially relevant to the mechanism of action of DMF. DMF-induced lymphopaenia is further studied in an in vitro culture system. The study results suggest that differential susceptibility of distinct T cell subsets to DMF-induced apoptosis may underly differential T cell losses seen in treated patients. In Chapter 4, the effects of FTY on peripheral T cell subsets and the reversibility of these effects is explored in patients ceasing FTY treatment. Long-lasting alterations in circulating T cell subsets are documented, indicating that FTY-induced changes in the peripheral immune repertoire may persist beyond the time taken for clinical laboratory measures to normalise. Chapter 5 presents a longitudinal study of a broad range of immune cell subsets in patients commencing FTY. Changes in potentially disease-relevant immune cell subsets not previously examined in FTY-treated patients are documented. Using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and clinical information to assess disease activity in these patients, potential immune biomarkers of FTY treatment response are uncovered. This thesis expands on our understanding of the effects of MS DMTs on the peripheral immune repertoire and highlights the utility of immune phenotyping in exploring DMT mechanisms of action and treatment response biomarkers.

Subjects/Keywords: Multiple Sclerosis; Fingolimod; Dimethyl fumarate; Immune Phenotyping; Biomarker; Disease modifying therapy

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Ghadiri, M. (2019). Peripheral Immune Phenotyping in Multiple Sclerosis: Immunomodulatory Treatment Effects and Treatment Response Biomarkers . (Thesis). University of Sydney. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2123/20809

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Ghadiri, Mahtab. “Peripheral Immune Phenotyping in Multiple Sclerosis: Immunomodulatory Treatment Effects and Treatment Response Biomarkers .” 2019. Thesis, University of Sydney. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/20809.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Ghadiri, Mahtab. “Peripheral Immune Phenotyping in Multiple Sclerosis: Immunomodulatory Treatment Effects and Treatment Response Biomarkers .” 2019. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Ghadiri M. Peripheral Immune Phenotyping in Multiple Sclerosis: Immunomodulatory Treatment Effects and Treatment Response Biomarkers . [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Sydney; 2019. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2123/20809.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Ghadiri M. Peripheral Immune Phenotyping in Multiple Sclerosis: Immunomodulatory Treatment Effects and Treatment Response Biomarkers . [Thesis]. University of Sydney; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2123/20809

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Colorado School of Mines

30. Bharadwaj, Vivek Shankar. Fundamental computational studies towards advancement of alternative fuel applications.

Degree: PhD, Chemical and Biological Engineering, 2015, Colorado School of Mines

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/20178

► Ensuring the wide-spread use of alternative fuels such as biodiesels and cellulosic biofuels is a crucial step towards attaining our ultimate goal of sustainable development.… (more)

▼ Ensuring the wide-spread use of alternative fuels such as biodiesels and cellulosic biofuels is a crucial step towards attaining our ultimate goal of sustainable development. However, a number of issues plague the application of alternative fuels, such as their biological instability, production inefficiencies, storage and handling problems. On the bright side, the increasing affordability of high performance computational hardware and software has made scientific computing an important tool to understand systems from a molecular perspective. This thesis utilizes computational approaches to gain a fundamental understanding of specific problems in the aforementioned hurdles that affect alternative fuel applications. Hydrocarbon biodegradation is an increasing cause of concern to the navy and petroleum industries since it causes bio-corrosion. The free radical nature of the fumarate addition reaction has challenged experimental efforts to understand the enzymatic machinery that drives biodegradation. We utilize multiple computational approaches to provide insight into the structural basis as well as compare the susceptibility of aromatic and n-alkyl hydrocarbon fuels to biodegradation. Ionic liquids (ILs) have been the latest development in the effort to better utilize cellulosic feed-stocks for production of bio-fuels and value added chemicals. Interactions between ionic liquid components and the functional groups of cellulose has been a key enabling factor in the dissolution and conversion of poly and oligosaccharides to value-added platform chemicals. We employ atomistic simulations to characterize these interactions at the molecular level and evaluate their impact on the conformational orientation of glucose and cellobiose in ILs. The widespread utilization of biodiesel as an alternative lubricant and transportation fuel has been limited by its associated storage and handling issues. We lay the foundations to characterize the aggregation events of component fatty acid methyl esters that lead to these issues, by demonstrating the applicability of a charge modified generalized amber force field to accurately estimate their physical properties and provide insights into their molecular-level ordering. The fundamental insights gained from this body of research are crucial for an enhanced understanding of, and the development of solutions, to overcome the obstacles that hinder the wide-spread application of alternative fuels. Advisors/Committee Members: Dean, Anthony M. (advisor), Maupin, C. Mark (advisor), Wu, David T. (committee member), Sum, Amadeu K. (committee member), Posewitz, Matthew C. (committee member), Beckham, Gregg T. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: biodiesel; ionic liquids; anaerobic hydrocarbon biodegradation; molecular simulations; fumarate addition

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Bharadwaj, V. S. (2015). Fundamental computational studies towards advancement of alternative fuel applications. (Doctoral Dissertation). Colorado School of Mines. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11124/20178

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Bharadwaj, Vivek Shankar. “Fundamental computational studies towards advancement of alternative fuel applications.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, Colorado School of Mines. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11124/20178.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Bharadwaj, Vivek Shankar. “Fundamental computational studies towards advancement of alternative fuel applications.” 2015. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Bharadwaj VS. Fundamental computational studies towards advancement of alternative fuel applications. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Colorado School of Mines; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/20178.

Council of Science Editors:

Bharadwaj VS. Fundamental computational studies towards advancement of alternative fuel applications. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Colorado School of Mines; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/20178

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Open Access Theses and Dissertations