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Victoria University of Wellington
1.
Geary, Amelia Frances.
Harvest and Conservation of Sooty Shearwaters (Puffinus Griseus) in the Marlborough Sounds, New Zealand.
Degree: 2010, Victoria University of Wellington
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10063/1333 
► Customary harvest of wildlife can be an important mechanism through which indigenous people maintain a connection with their environment. Observations built up during harvesting events…
(more)
▼ Customary harvest of wildlife can be an important mechanism through which indigenous people maintain a connection with their environment. Observations built up during harvesting events are also a useful way of monitoring change over time. However, not all traditional societies have lived harmoniously with their environment. Wildlife populations can become depleted quickly if not managed sustainably. Using traditional knowledge interviews, empirical data from two island populations and population modelling, I examined the viability of two island
sooty shearwater populations in the Marlborough Sounds and their resilience to resumed, low-level harvest. The biology of the
sooty shearwater populations was found to closely resemble that of populations found at higher latitudes. Historic harvest by Marlborough Maori probably had an important influence on the size of present day Marlborough populations. Viability models demonstrated that these populations were experiencing very low or negative intrinsic rates of increase. Population sizes have likely been affected by previous harvest and are not at carrying capacity. The populations are therefore vulnerable to demographic stochasticity, environmental variability and extrinsic factors such as fisheries bycatch. The low and negative growth rates for populations at small sizes not at carrying capacity are of concern where harvesting is proposed. This study provides a basis for ongoing research into the population trajectories of each island population. Harvesting is possible in one population provided an appropriate monitoring regime is established prior to harvest being undertaken, to ensure the long-term viability of Marlborough Sounds'
sooty shearwater populations.
Advisors/Committee Members: Nelson, Nicky, Ramstad, Kristina.
Subjects/Keywords: Sooty shearwater; Conservation; Harvest
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APA (6th Edition):
Geary, A. F. (2010). Harvest and Conservation of Sooty Shearwaters (Puffinus Griseus) in the Marlborough Sounds, New Zealand. (Masters Thesis). Victoria University of Wellington. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10063/1333
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Geary, Amelia Frances. “Harvest and Conservation of Sooty Shearwaters (Puffinus Griseus) in the Marlborough Sounds, New Zealand.” 2010. Masters Thesis, Victoria University of Wellington. Accessed December 06, 2019.
http://hdl.handle.net/10063/1333.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Geary, Amelia Frances. “Harvest and Conservation of Sooty Shearwaters (Puffinus Griseus) in the Marlborough Sounds, New Zealand.” 2010. Web. 06 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Geary AF. Harvest and Conservation of Sooty Shearwaters (Puffinus Griseus) in the Marlborough Sounds, New Zealand. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Victoria University of Wellington; 2010. [cited 2019 Dec 06].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10063/1333.
Council of Science Editors:
Geary AF. Harvest and Conservation of Sooty Shearwaters (Puffinus Griseus) in the Marlborough Sounds, New Zealand. [Masters Thesis]. Victoria University of Wellington; 2010. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10063/1333
University of Otago
2.
Kitson, Jane C.
Traditional ecological knowledge and harvest management of Titi (Puffinus griseus) by Rakiura Māori
.
Degree: 2009, University of Otago
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/474
► Rakiura Māori continue a centuries old harvest of titi chicks (sooty shearwater, Puffinus griseus) which is governed primarily by Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK). The sustainability…
(more)
▼ Rakiura Māori continue a centuries old harvest of titi chicks (
sooty shearwater, Puffinus griseus) which is governed primarily by Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK). The sustainability of titi harvesting is of high cultural, social and ecological importance. Some commentators view contemporary use of TEK as insufficient to ensure sustainability because it is no longer intact, too passive, and/or potentially inadequate to meet new ecological and technical challenges. Such assertions have been made in the absence of detailed description of TEK and associated social mechanisms. This thesis describes Rakiura Māori TEK practices and management systems that are in place and asks whether such systems are effective today, and whether they will remain effective in future.
Ecological, social and cultural factors are intertwined in cultural wildlife harvests so the methodology used was a combination of quantitative ecological methods and semi-directive interviews of 20 experienced harvesting elders. The research also used ecological science to evaluate potential harvest monitoring methods and to determine what sets the limits on harvest. These ecological studies focused on harvesting by four families on Putauhinu Island in 1997-1999.
Harvest is divided into two parts. In the first period ('nanao') chicks are extracted from breeding burrows during daytime. In the second period ('rama') chicks are captured at night when they have emerged from burrows. Nanao harvest rates only increased slightly with increasing chick densities and birders' harvest rates varied in their sensitivities to changing chick density. Although harvest rates can only provide a general index of population change a monitoring panel, with careful selection of participants, may be the only feasible way to assess population trend and thereby harvest sustainability or the resource's response to changed management.
Rakiura Māori harvesting practice constitutes common property resource management based on birthright and a system of traditional rules. Protection of island habitat and adult birds, and temporal restricitions on harvest are considered most important. Legislation and a belief system of reciprocity and connection to ancestors and environment aid enforcement of the rules.
Ecological knowledge is learnt through observation, hands-on experience and storytelling. Younger Rakiura Māori now spend less time harvesting which puts pressure on the transmission of knowledge. Paradoxically, use of modern technology for harvesting aids transfer of essential skills because it is easier and faster to learn, thereby contributing to the continuance of a culturally important harvest.
Limits on harvest are passive, with the numbers of chicks taken determined by the time spent harvesting and processing. Processing is more limiting during the rama period. Future innovations that decrease the time to process each chick during rama could greatly increase the total number of chicks caught. Recently introduced motorised plucking machines decrease the time required…
Advisors/Committee Members: Moller, Henrik (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Maori;
Kai Tahu;
Sooty shearwater;
Titi;
hunting;
ethnozoology;
sustainable development
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CSE |
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APA (6th Edition):
Kitson, J. C. (2009). Traditional ecological knowledge and harvest management of Titi (Puffinus griseus) by Rakiura Māori
. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Otago. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10523/474
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Kitson, Jane C. “Traditional ecological knowledge and harvest management of Titi (Puffinus griseus) by Rakiura Māori
.” 2009. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Otago. Accessed December 06, 2019.
http://hdl.handle.net/10523/474.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Kitson, Jane C. “Traditional ecological knowledge and harvest management of Titi (Puffinus griseus) by Rakiura Māori
.” 2009. Web. 06 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Kitson JC. Traditional ecological knowledge and harvest management of Titi (Puffinus griseus) by Rakiura Māori
. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Otago; 2009. [cited 2019 Dec 06].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/474.
Council of Science Editors:
Kitson JC. Traditional ecological knowledge and harvest management of Titi (Puffinus griseus) by Rakiura Māori
. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Otago; 2009. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/474
University of Otago
3.
Humphries, Grant Richard Woodrow.
Using Long term harvest records of sooty shearwaters (Tītī; Puffinus griseus) to predict shifts in the Southern Oscillation
.
Degree: University of Otago
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/4932
► Rakiura Māori (New Zealand’s southern-most group of indigenous peoples) have harvested the chicks of burrow-nesting sooty shearwaters (Tītī; Puffinus griseus) for generations. As part of…
(more)
▼ Rakiura Māori (New Zealand’s southern-most group of indigenous peoples) have harvested the chicks of burrow-nesting
sooty shearwaters (Tītī; Puffinus griseus) for generations. As part of the harvest process some families have maintained annual harvest diaries, some of which date back to the 1950s. Throughout this thesis I investigated how these diaries could be used to determine if data obtained from the
sooty shearwater harvest can predict shifts in the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI). To answer this question, I had to first calculate indices of the harvest which take into account human effort. Then I had to determine if those indices could in fact predict upcoming values of SOI. I next determined what oceanographic factors explained at-sea behaviour of
sooty shearwater adults, and if those variables also explained variation in the harvest indices. I finally determined if there were any relationships between oceanographic variables and upcoming values of SOI.
In Chapter 2, I used generalised boosted regression models, a machine learning algorithm, to calculate a harvest index that takes into account factors which could impact the numbers of birds taken on any given hunt. The r2 of predicted versus observed values were between 0.59 and 0.90 for the nanao (first half of the season, when chicks are harvested from burrows during the day) and 0.67 and 0.88 for the rama (second half of the season, during which chicks are harvested from the surface at night). Exploration of the controlling factors of the models reveals that ‘day of season’ plays an important role in predicting daily harvest during the second half of the season (the rama). The nightly tally in the rama peaks approximately half-way through (10 – 15 days in), which is likely related to the timing of birds emerging from burrows to fledge. The models also suggest that data from the rama (when chicks are 100 – 120 days old) may be the most suitable for long-term monitoring of populations of
sooty shearwaters due to consistencies in calculated harvest indices between diaries. Nanao harvest indices, though less consistent, showed similar patterns to those of the rama. When compared to the harvest indices calculated by general linear models by Clucas et al. (2012) I found that the agreement between both indices was r =0.56 and r =0.77 for the nanao and rama, respectively. Although harvest indices have been created in the past, this represents a re-analysis of these data with a different statistical technique, plus a new diary to test the relationships under new circumstances. The use of machine learning to correct for extraneous factors (e.g., hunting effort, skill level or weather) and create standardised measures could be applied to other systems such as fisheries or terrestrial resource management. The harvest indices calculated in this study were then used to examine relationships between chick quantity, quality and Pacific Climate indices.
In Chapter 3, I demonstrate that shifts in
sooty shearwater (Puffinus griseus) chick size and abundance occur in…
Advisors/Committee Members: Moller, Henrik (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Sooty shearwater;
El Nino;
Southern Oscillation;
Spatial modeling;
Machine learning;
La Nina
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Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Humphries, G. R. W. (n.d.). Using Long term harvest records of sooty shearwaters (Tītī; Puffinus griseus) to predict shifts in the Southern Oscillation
. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Otago. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10523/4932
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
No year of publication.
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Humphries, Grant Richard Woodrow. “Using Long term harvest records of sooty shearwaters (Tītī; Puffinus griseus) to predict shifts in the Southern Oscillation
.” Doctoral Dissertation, University of Otago. Accessed December 06, 2019.
http://hdl.handle.net/10523/4932.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
No year of publication.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Humphries, Grant Richard Woodrow. “Using Long term harvest records of sooty shearwaters (Tītī; Puffinus griseus) to predict shifts in the Southern Oscillation
.” Web. 06 Dec 2019.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
No year of publication.
Vancouver:
Humphries GRW. Using Long term harvest records of sooty shearwaters (Tītī; Puffinus griseus) to predict shifts in the Southern Oscillation
. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Otago; [cited 2019 Dec 06].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/4932.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
No year of publication.
Council of Science Editors:
Humphries GRW. Using Long term harvest records of sooty shearwaters (Tītī; Puffinus griseus) to predict shifts in the Southern Oscillation
. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Otago; Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/4932
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
No year of publication.
4.
Wallace, Philippa Jane.
Boundaries of absolute protection: distribution of benefit and harm to birds through law and planning in New Zealand
.
Degree: 2014, University of Waikato
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/8807
► Endemic birds in New Zealand are under threat, and increasingly so, as human activity reshapes the land, reconstitutes the water, consumes space and resources and…
(more)
▼ Endemic birds in New Zealand are under threat, and increasingly so, as human activity reshapes the land, reconstitutes the water, consumes space and resources and alters faunal composition. The decline of biodiversity is a pressing concern globally and the unique nature of the endemic fauna of New Zealand provides impetus for concern.
Examination of the state of birds and analysis of the response of New Zealand law to the agents of decline is the key contribution of this research. The substance and operation of New Zealand law is examined to determine its influence upon the distribution of benefit and burden to New Zealand birds. Six case study birds: the black petrel, dotterel, kokako, godwit,
sooty shearwater, and the wrybill are studied to elucidate these matters.
In examining distribution of harm and benefit, a particular focus of the research is upon the degree of care that is applied to protecting birds through the law and related planning instruments. By assessing the principles, criteria and methods applied to protecting birds, the research identifies that an objective of avoidance of harm to indigenous Threatened or At Risk species, their habitats, and ecosystems upon which they depend, will benefit birds. It concludes that conservation status, as opposed to habitat or sectoral dispensation, is an important determinant for application of the standard, as this provides the most consistently protective approach. In addition, it is demonstrated that where uncertainty or ignorance arises as to existence or level of harm, the use of precaution and giving the benefit of the doubt to nature is important for enhancing protection.
New Zealand conservation law is analysed at the international level in conjunction with species and habitat protection at the domestic level. International agreements, the Wildlife Act 1953, the Conservation Act 1987, the Resource Management Act 1991 and related policy and plans are examined. Although at times strongly beneficial, the research concludes that the arrangements made by the law are wanting. An important contribution of the research is to demonstrate the deficiencies, which can be separated into three classes: the problem of standard, the problem of consistency and integration, and the problem of implementation.
These problems constrain the protective force of the law. Fragmentation and lack of a strong and consistent protective standard limit protection of birds against competing social, economic and cultural factors. The law requires revision. Species protection calls for particular attention. The Wildlife Act 1953 maintains a standard of absolute protection of birds, but the research demonstrates the many ways in which this standard is compromised. Greater strategic planning and integration is required, particularly with regard to human development. Interrelationships between the statutes, including that between the Wildlife Act 1953 and the RMA 1991, require addressing. Inadequate implementation of existing law compounds these matters, and the research identifies a…
Advisors/Committee Members: Gillespie, Alexander (advisor), Barton, Barry (advisor), Longhurst, Robyn (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Law;
Planning;
wildlife law;
bird conservation;
endangered species;
Wildlife Act 1953;
Threatened species;
biodiversity;
Resource Management Act 1991;
Conservation Act 1987;
conservation plans;
precaution;
avoidance;
s 6(c) RMA;
connectivity;
landscape conservation plan;
Ramsar;
Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species;
ACAP;
bycatch;
black petrel;
dotterel;
kokako;
godwit;
sooty shearwater;
wrybill;
degree of care;
integration;
consistency;
adaptive management;
biodiversity offsets;
pest control;
Biosecurity Act 1993;
resilience;
ecological integrity;
irreversible harm;
customary harvest;
uncertainty;
Convention on Biological Diversity;
fauna protection;
distribution of harm;
recovery plans
…55
2.3.5 Sooty Shearwater/tītī… …127
4.3.5 Sooty Shearwater… …52
FIGURE 14 SOOTY SHEARWATER… …138
FIGURE 36 SOOTY SHEARWATER –SIGNIFICANT THREAT SUMMARY… …291
FIGURE 69 SOOTY SHEARWATER…
Record Details
Similar Records
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Share »
Record Details
Similar Records
Cite
« Share
❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Wallace, P. J. (2014). Boundaries of absolute protection: distribution of benefit and harm to birds through law and planning in New Zealand
. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Waikato. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10289/8807
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Wallace, Philippa Jane. “Boundaries of absolute protection: distribution of benefit and harm to birds through law and planning in New Zealand
.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Waikato. Accessed December 06, 2019.
http://hdl.handle.net/10289/8807.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Wallace, Philippa Jane. “Boundaries of absolute protection: distribution of benefit and harm to birds through law and planning in New Zealand
.” 2014. Web. 06 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Wallace PJ. Boundaries of absolute protection: distribution of benefit and harm to birds through law and planning in New Zealand
. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Waikato; 2014. [cited 2019 Dec 06].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/8807.
Council of Science Editors:
Wallace PJ. Boundaries of absolute protection: distribution of benefit and harm to birds through law and planning in New Zealand
. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Waikato; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10289/8807
. 
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