subject:( Obstetrics AND gynecology)

University of Helsinki

1. Kaislasuo, Janina. Intrauterine contraception - Use in Nulligravid Women and Safety Aspects.

Degree: Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Centralized Family Planning, City of Helsinki., 2015, University of Helsinki

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10138/153986

► The proportion of nulligravid and nulliparous women is increasing as women delay childbirth in developed countries. Simultaneously, contraceptive failure, unintended pregnancies and abortions, especially in… (more)

▼ The proportion of nulligravid and nulliparous women is increasing as women delay childbirth in developed countries. Simultaneously, contraceptive failure, unintended pregnancies and abortions, especially in women below the common childbearing age, are a global problem. By promoting intrauterine devices (IUDs) and subdermal implants, referred to as long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs), among these women, contraceptive failure caused by non-compliance of the user can be minimized, in addition to providing easy and efficient long-term contraception. However, the risk of difficulties at IUD insertion in nulligravid/nulliparous women, as well as small uterine size, have both been considered as barriers limiting the use of intrauterine contraception (IUC) in these women. The present studies were designed to study the barriers to IUC in nulligravid and nulliparous women. To compare both types of IUC available, we used the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) and the copper-releasing NovaT (TCu380Ag), with identical frames measuring 32 x 32 mm. To exclude any effect of prior pregnancy on the uterine cavity or the cervix, only nulligravid women were included. Difficulties at insertion, menstrual diaries kept after insertion (months 1 3) and at the end of the study (months 10 12) as well as adverse events were compared against uterine cavity measurements and pre-insertion menstrual characteristics reported by the women. In addition, as uterine perforation is mainly seen as a complication related to insertion, we retrospectively analysed women treated for this rare complication between 1996 and 2009 in our hospital district area. We gave 165 nulligravid women requesting their first IUD a free choice between the two IUDs after contraceptive counselling. The majority, 113 women (68.5%), chose the LNG-IUS and 52 women (31.5%) chose the copper IUD. Insertion was easy in 89% of the women. The women were satisfied, with only 17/135 women (12.6%) available for follow-up discontinuing because of adverse events. The reported numbers of days of bleeding and pain were similar to that in earlier reports on parous women. Severe pain at insertion was reported by 56.5% of the women and severe dysmenorrhoea the only factor predicting severe pain (OR 7.9, 95% CI 2.5 24.9, p less than 0.001). Dysmenorrhoea was also related to more pain during the first months with both devices. Baseline spontaneous bleeding predicted bleeding with the LNG-IUS, but not with the copper IUD. Among women using the LNG-IUS, scanty menstrual bleeding (OR 8.2, 95% CI 1.4 48.2, p=0.02) and smoking (OR 8.2, 95% CI 1.8 38.6, p=0.007) predicted amenorrhoea at one year. Uterine measurements, particularly fundal cavity width, were small in comparison to the devices in a majority of the women. The odds of a difficult or failed insertion increased with shorter uterine length and a steeper flexion angle, but the great majority of insertions, even in small and more flexed uteri, were uneventful. Cervical tightness was the main reason for problems…

Subjects/Keywords: Obstetrics and Gynecology; Obstetrics and Gynecology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Kaislasuo, J. (2015). Intrauterine contraception - Use in Nulligravid Women and Safety Aspects. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Helsinki. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10138/153986

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kaislasuo, Janina. “Intrauterine contraception - Use in Nulligravid Women and Safety Aspects.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Helsinki. Accessed April 19, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10138/153986.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kaislasuo, Janina. “Intrauterine contraception - Use in Nulligravid Women and Safety Aspects.” 2015. Web. 19 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Kaislasuo J. Intrauterine contraception - Use in Nulligravid Women and Safety Aspects. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Helsinki; 2015. [cited 2021 Apr 19]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10138/153986.

Council of Science Editors:

Kaislasuo J. Intrauterine contraception - Use in Nulligravid Women and Safety Aspects. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Helsinki; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10138/153986

Florida State University

2. Madden, Jamila M. (Jamila Mercedes). Nutrition and Diet Quality during Pregnancy.

Degree: MS, Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, 2015, Florida State University

URL: http://purl.flvc.org/fsu/fd/FSU_migr_etd-9391 ;

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Purpose: The purpose of this study was two-fold: (1) identify predictors that influence diet quality in low SES pregnant women; and (2) explore relationships between… (more)

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Purpose: The purpose of this study was two-fold: (1) identify predictors that influence diet quality in low SES pregnant women; and (2) explore relationships between perceived nutrition compliance of participants, healthy pregnancy weight gain, and diet quality. Hypothesized predictors to diet quality include: High Pre-pregnancy BMI, high educational level, high income level (above or below poverty line), medical/insurance coverage, presence of a previous/current medical condition, cost and ability to purchase healthy food, presence of social support, and source of nutrition information. Also it is hypothesized that healthy pregnancy weight gain will positively influence diet quality. Methods: This quantitative/correlational study included 37 women in their second and third trimesters of pregnancy. Participants were recruited from a low-income clinic and a private healthcare facility. Participants were asked to complete a pregnancy nutrition survey on their demographics and activity level and eating habits. Three 24 hour dietary recalls (1 weekend day and 2 nonconsecutive weekdays) were used to assess their diet quality using the ESHA Food Processor software. Comparative, correlational, and linear regression analyses were conducted. The Diet Quality Index for Pregnancy (DQI-P) was used to assess overall diet quality. The DQI-P includes eight components: % recommended servings of grains, vegetables, and fruits, % recommendations for iron, calcium, and folate, % energy from fat, and meal pattern. Scores can range from 0 to 80, with ≥70 indicating adequate diet quality. Each component contributed 10 points. Results: The mean score for the population was 27.1 (standard deviation 17.1). Women with the highest diet quality score are married, have a bachelor's degree, an average family income between 45,000 and 60,000, and private medical insurance. Two of the eight hypothesized predictors of diet quality were found to be significant. High pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) is associated with low DQI-P scores (p=.050). Source of nutrition information from family is associated with high DQI-P scores (p=.013). There was a significant negative correlation between diet quality and pre-pregnancy BMI (r= -.344; p=0.05). Conclusion: Low SES women are at-risk for low diet quality during pregnancy. Based on the results of this small convenience sample, there is a need for effective nutrition interventions to improve the diet quality of low SES pregnant women. Additional research is needed to better predict and utilize situations that motivate low SES pregnant women to achieve high diet quality scores by translating these motivational situations to other low SES pregnant women.

A Thesis submitted to the Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences in partial fulfillment of the Master of Science.

Spring Semester, 2015.

March 20, 2015.

nutrition, diet quality, pregnancy

Jenice Rankins, Professor Directing Thesis; Maria Spicer, Committee Member; William Weissert, Committee Member.

Advisors/Committee Members: Jenice Rankins (professor directing thesis), Maria T. Spicer (committee member), William G. Weissert (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Nutrition; Obstetrics; Gynecology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Madden, J. M. (. M. (2015). Nutrition and Diet Quality during Pregnancy. (Masters Thesis). Florida State University. Retrieved from http://purl.flvc.org/fsu/fd/FSU_migr_etd-9391 ;

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Madden, Jamila M (Jamila Mercedes). “Nutrition and Diet Quality during Pregnancy.” 2015. Masters Thesis, Florida State University. Accessed April 19, 2021. http://purl.flvc.org/fsu/fd/FSU_migr_etd-9391 ;.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Madden, Jamila M (Jamila Mercedes). “Nutrition and Diet Quality during Pregnancy.” 2015. Web. 19 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Madden JM(M. Nutrition and Diet Quality during Pregnancy. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Florida State University; 2015. [cited 2021 Apr 19]. Available from: http://purl.flvc.org/fsu/fd/FSU_migr_etd-9391 ;.

Council of Science Editors:

Madden JM(M. Nutrition and Diet Quality during Pregnancy. [Masters Thesis]. Florida State University; 2015. Available from: http://purl.flvc.org/fsu/fd/FSU_migr_etd-9391 ;

Columbia University

3. Semeraro, Patricia Katharine. Maternal obesity and childhood maltreatment in pregnant Latina adolescents: Associations with maternal stress, social support, mental health status and infant birth weight.

Degree: 2015, Columbia University

URL: https://doi.org/10.7916/D8GB23J0

► Background: The prevalence of obesity is increasing in the US population, especially among pregnant women extending before, during and after pregnancy. This is a cause… (more)

▼ Background: The prevalence of obesity is increasing in the US population, especially among pregnant women extending before, during and after pregnancy. This is a cause for concern, as it poses significant health risks for both mother and infant. Given the urgency of this problem, it is important to examine not only the pathways to obesity in this group but the correlated risks. One significant risk factor for obesity in the general population is childhood maltreatment. This early, varied, and often chronic form of maltreatment, has been associated with long-term adverse physiological and psychological health outcomes across the general population, often conferring heightened risk for health disparities or increasing the burden of already existing disparities. Only two studies have examined childhood maltreatment as a risk factor for maternal obesity and none have examined this relationship in an urban sample of young adult Latina nulliparas. This exploratory study examines relationships between and among a history of early maltreatment, maternal obesity, and key psychosocial risk indices in urban, nulliparous minority adolescents to better understand associations with this risk factor in the context of pregnancy. The Life Course Health Development Framework as outlined by Halfon and Hochstein is the theoretical framework guiding this study. Methods: This descriptive exploratory study performed a retrospective analysis of a subset of interview-collected data from a larger NIH funded prospective cohort study (1R01MH077144-01A2, Monk, PI). Study participants were pregnant, ranging from 14-19 years of age, and recruited from obstetrical practices affiliated with a large academic medical center in New York City. The sample was primarily Hispanic. An exploratory correlational design employed bivariate as well as multivariate analyses to examine associations among maternal childhood maltreatment (MCM), depression, PTSD, perceived stress, social support and maternal obesity as measured by pre-pregnancy BMI. An association between pre-pregnancy BMI and infant birth weight was also explored. Results: Forty-three percent of this study sample experienced at least one form of childhood maltreatment with more than half experiencing multiple forms. A similarly high percentage (40 %) of pre-pregnancy overweight and obesity (BMI ≥ 25 and BMI ≥ 30 respectively) was also evidenced. Of these, eighteen percent were obese. Maternal childhood maltreatment was significantly associated with depression, PTSD, elevated stress levels and low levels of social support. Clinically important finding, though not statistically significant, was the finding that mothers with MCM were more than twice as likely to have a pre-pregnancy BMI ≥ 30 than mothers without MCM. Both of these public health concerns confer a heightened risk for additional short and long-term adverse health outcomes for mothers and infants, especially those already compromised by health disparities. Conclusions & Implications: This study provides further evidence that childhood…

Subjects/Keywords: Nursing; Obstetrics; Gynecology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Semeraro, P. K. (2015). Maternal obesity and childhood maltreatment in pregnant Latina adolescents: Associations with maternal stress, social support, mental health status and infant birth weight. (Doctoral Dissertation). Columbia University. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.7916/D8GB23J0

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Semeraro, Patricia Katharine. “Maternal obesity and childhood maltreatment in pregnant Latina adolescents: Associations with maternal stress, social support, mental health status and infant birth weight.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, Columbia University. Accessed April 19, 2021. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8GB23J0.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Semeraro, Patricia Katharine. “Maternal obesity and childhood maltreatment in pregnant Latina adolescents: Associations with maternal stress, social support, mental health status and infant birth weight.” 2015. Web. 19 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Semeraro PK. Maternal obesity and childhood maltreatment in pregnant Latina adolescents: Associations with maternal stress, social support, mental health status and infant birth weight. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Columbia University; 2015. [cited 2021 Apr 19]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.7916/D8GB23J0.

Council of Science Editors:

Semeraro PK. Maternal obesity and childhood maltreatment in pregnant Latina adolescents: Associations with maternal stress, social support, mental health status and infant birth weight. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Columbia University; 2015. Available from: https://doi.org/10.7916/D8GB23J0

University of Nottingham

4. Abhishek, Abhishek. Chondrocalcinosis : risk factors and radiographic phenotype.

Degree: PhD, 2012, University of Nottingham

URL: http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12926/ ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.576811

► Objectives: The objectives of this study were to a) examine the distribution of chondrocalcinosis (CC), b) determine the risk factors of CC, and c) examine… (more)

▼ Objectives: The objectives of this study were to a) examine the distribution of chondrocalcinosis (CC), b) determine the risk factors of CC, and c) examine the radiographic phenotype of osteoarthritis (OA) associated with CC. Methods: Data from the Genetics of Osteoarthritis and Lifestyle (GOAL) study were used to describe the radiographic distribution of CC, and to conduct a case-control study in which cases with CC were compared with controls without CC. All participants had already completed a detailed questionnaire, been examined by a research metrologist, had radiographs of knees, hands, and pelvis, and had given urine and blood samples. All radiographs had been scored for structural radiographic changes of OA, and for the presence of CC. Frontal plane knee alignment was measured on all knee radiographs. The prevalence (95% confidence interval (CI)) of CC was calculated. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% CI were calculated for risk factors of CC, and for structural changes associated with CC in joints with OA. This was adjusted for age, gender, body mass index (BMI), and OA as appropriate, using logistic regression. Results: 3170 participants were included in this study. There were 431 cases with CC. The overall prevalence (95%CI) of CC in the GOAL population was 13.7% (12.5% - 14.9%). In the GOAL population, knee was the commonest site of CC. However, 42% of participants with CC did not have any knee involvement. There was evidence for a generalized predisposition to CC. For example, CC at one joint associated with CC at distant joints. Joints with CC clustered together more than would be expected by chance alone. At knees, wrists and hips, bilateral CC was more likely to associate with CC at distant joints than unilateral CC – also supporting the existence of a systemic predisposition to CC. After adjusting for confounding factors, there was an association between CC and increasing age, lower current BMI, and OA. The association between OA at one joint and CC at the same joint was present for all joints except for the hip. There was no association between CC and gender, diuretic intake, and selected single nucleotide polymorphisms in enzymes involved in pyrophosphate (PPi) metabolism. CC associated with peri-articular calcification, vascular calcification, low cortical bone mineral density (BMD) but not with low cancellous BMD. Self-reported arthroscopy, meniscectomy, knee injury, occupational knee joint loading and knee mal-alignment in the 3rd decade of life associated with knee CC. However, after adjusting for confounding factors including OA, there was no association between either self-reported or radiographically assessed current knee mal-alignment and knee CC. In joints with OA, the additional presence of CC at the same joint associated with a different radiographic phenotype of structural arthropathy. For example, in knees with OA, knee CC associated with attrition. In hips with OA, hip CC associated negatively with osteophytes, joint space narrowing, and sclerosis at the right hip but not at the left.…

Subjects/Keywords: 616.7; WP Gynecology; RG Gynecology and obstetrics

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Abhishek, A. (2012). Chondrocalcinosis : risk factors and radiographic phenotype. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Nottingham. Retrieved from http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12926/ ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.576811

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Abhishek, Abhishek. “Chondrocalcinosis : risk factors and radiographic phenotype.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Nottingham. Accessed April 19, 2021. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12926/ ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.576811.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Abhishek, Abhishek. “Chondrocalcinosis : risk factors and radiographic phenotype.” 2012. Web. 19 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Abhishek A. Chondrocalcinosis : risk factors and radiographic phenotype. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Nottingham; 2012. [cited 2021 Apr 19]. Available from: http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12926/ ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.576811.

Council of Science Editors:

Abhishek A. Chondrocalcinosis : risk factors and radiographic phenotype. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Nottingham; 2012. Available from: http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12926/ ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.576811

University of Nottingham

5. Cadagan, David. The molecular mechanism of insulin action in human theca and adipocyte cells in polycycstic ovarian syndrome.

Degree: PhD, 2013, University of Nottingham

URL: http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/28112/ ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.594419

► PCOS is one of the leading causes of infertility worldwide affecting 1 in 10 women of a reproductive age. One of the fundamental abnormalities in… (more)

▼ PCOS is one of the leading causes of infertility worldwide affecting 1 in 10 women of a reproductive age. One of the fundamental abnormalities in women with PCOS can be seen within hormonal irregularities, which may include hyperandrogenemia hyperinsulinemia and hyper secretion of luteinising hormone (LH); and it is hypothesised that a defect in steroid secreting ovarian theca cells is involved due to their contribution in non-PCOS hormonal synthesis. Hyperinsulinemia has been associated with hyper-androgenemia through in vitro studies of cultured PCOS theca, where it has been suggested that insulin increases progesterone and androstenedione secretion when compared to normal theca cells. Furthermore the augmented effects of LH and insulin have been seen to increase ovarian androgen synthesis in non-PCOS theca cultures whilst also increasing the expression of steroidogenic enzymes specific to the PI3-K pathway. Many theories exist toward the etiology of hyper androgenemia within PCOS. Very few approaches however, consider dysfunction in multiple tissue types that may contribute to hormonal imbalances. It is well established that an association between obesity and PCOS exists and it is often the first therapeutic target for re-establishing reproductive function in obese PCOS patients. Furthermore PCOS patients tend to show distinct gynoid body fat distribution, which is reported to aggravate PCOS symptoms. It was therefore valid to examine the involvement in adipocyte function and its contribution to androgen levels within peos. This is further supported through the link between metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia, and their associations to obesity. Our study employed isolated preadipocyte and thecal cultures with close regulation of the influential factors LH and insulin. In doing so, we analysed androgen synthesis through activation and expression of steroidogenic enzymes CYP17 within both normal and polycystic ovaries. This allowed us to examine whether protein/hormonal concentrations vary across non-PCOS and peos cultures. This also allowed us to examine the possibility of a novel pathway leading to localised adipocyte synthesis as well as pinpointing whether dysfunction existed within the insulin-signalling pathway of thecal androgen steroidogenesis. The work in this thesis shows that adipocytes derived from non-PCOS and PCOS women, maintained in vitro differ on the basis of their morphology, rates of differentiation and proliferation. Furthermore, they reacted differently under conditions designed to mimic PCOS in vitro (increased insulin and LH), with reduced non-PCOS proliferation, and increased non-PCOS androgen secretion on insulin treatment. We also found increased steroidogenic CYP 17 expression in PCOS cultures under insulin stimulation. However PCOS adipocytes androstenedione secretion remained unaffected by insulin stimulation and secreted constant levels of androstenedione similar to that seen by insulin stimulated non-PCOS adipocytes. Our examination of non-PCOS and PCOS…

Subjects/Keywords: 618.11; RG Gynecology and obstetrics : WP Gynecology

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Cadagan, D. (2013). The molecular mechanism of insulin action in human theca and adipocyte cells in polycycstic ovarian syndrome. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Nottingham. Retrieved from http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/28112/ ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.594419

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Cadagan, David. “The molecular mechanism of insulin action in human theca and adipocyte cells in polycycstic ovarian syndrome.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Nottingham. Accessed April 19, 2021. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/28112/ ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.594419.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Cadagan, David. “The molecular mechanism of insulin action in human theca and adipocyte cells in polycycstic ovarian syndrome.” 2013. Web. 19 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Cadagan D. The molecular mechanism of insulin action in human theca and adipocyte cells in polycycstic ovarian syndrome. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Nottingham; 2013. [cited 2021 Apr 19]. Available from: http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/28112/ ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.594419.

Council of Science Editors:

Cadagan D. The molecular mechanism of insulin action in human theca and adipocyte cells in polycycstic ovarian syndrome. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Nottingham; 2013. Available from: http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/28112/ ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.594419

6. Ebo, Joy Akudo. Effects of perceived treatment options on completion of clinical study visits in an obstetrics study.

Degree: 2010, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth

URL: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1473911

► Objectives. To determine the effects of patient perception on perceived treatment options, and to determine whether distance traveled to receive treatment affects study visit… (more)

▼ Objectives. To determine the effects of patient perception on perceived treatment options, and to determine whether distance traveled to receive treatment affects study visit attendance. Methods. Prior to enrolling in the study, patient information was gathered using NextGen, an electronic medical records (EMR) program. Pregnant women between the ages of 18 and 35, inclusive, were selected to participate in the study. The subjects were presented with information about the pregnancy study at their clinic visits verbally and/or via a brochure. Any questions that the patients had were addressed by the clinical research coordinators. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of three different treatment groups – OMT, ultrasound, and standard care. A One-Way ANOVA was conducted to examine the relationship between the visit attendance and the treatment group, clinic group, and distance traveled to receive treatment. Results. Subjects in the three different treatment groups, on average, completed about the same amount of visits and traveled about the same distance to their respective clinics to receive treatment. Research participants from the Harris clinic completed more study visits than research participants from the PCC, even though participants from Harris traveled a further distance from their homes to the clinic. Conclusions. Patient perception of treatment options did not seem to have a significant effect on study visit attendance for the pregnant women involved in this study. Factors that could potentially hinder study visit attendance or clinical research enrollment were discussed; however, factors that effected study visit attendance for the participants were not examined. Keywords. patient perception, attendance, OMT, ultrasound, standard care, study visit completion. Abbreviations. OMT, osteopathic manipulative treatment; PCC, Patience Care Center; OMM, osteopathic manipulative medicine; ORC, osteopathic research center; OB, obstetrics; gyn, gynecology; IRB, institutional review board.

Subjects/Keywords: Health Sciences; Obstetrics and Gynecology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Ebo, J. A. (2010). Effects of perceived treatment options on completion of clinical study visits in an obstetrics study. (Thesis). University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth. Retrieved from http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1473911

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Ebo, Joy Akudo. “Effects of perceived treatment options on completion of clinical study visits in an obstetrics study.” 2010. Thesis, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth. Accessed April 19, 2021. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1473911.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Ebo, Joy Akudo. “Effects of perceived treatment options on completion of clinical study visits in an obstetrics study.” 2010. Web. 19 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Ebo JA. Effects of perceived treatment options on completion of clinical study visits in an obstetrics study. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth; 2010. [cited 2021 Apr 19]. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1473911.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Ebo JA. Effects of perceived treatment options on completion of clinical study visits in an obstetrics study. [Thesis]. University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth; 2010. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1473911

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Harvard University

7. Bensimon, Arielle. Using Empirical Data to Evaluate Strategies to Improve Women's Health.

Degree: PhD, 2016, Harvard University

URL: http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:33493260

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My three papers evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of clinical and policy strategies to improve women’s health, focusing on human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in the… (more)

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My three papers evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of clinical and policy strategies to improve women’s health, focusing on human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in the U.S. and maternal health care in a developing country context. Paper 1 presents a claims-based econometric analysis of the U.S.’s Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act provision requiring the elimination of cost-sharing for recommended preventive care. I evaluate the effect of this value-based insurance design intervention on HPV immunization rates among girls and young women enrolled in private insurance plans. My regression approach uses variation in the intensity and timing of the intervention across plans to distinguish policy effects from background trends. I find that the policy was associated with modest increases in age-specific vaccination rates. Increases in vaccination per dollar reduction in cost-sharing were notably larger among beneficiaries in socioeconomically disadvantaged areas. Nevertheless, vaccination rates under free preventive care were well below federal targets, highlighting the need for additional interventions to increase HPV vaccine coverage. In Paper 2, I undertake a comparative effectiveness analysis of HPV vaccination by dose level within a U.S. cohort of adolescent girls and young women. Rates of screening-detected cervical abnormalities in claims are compared among recipients of zero, one, two, or three doses, using a marginal structural model approach to adjust for a broader set of potential confounders than would be possible with conventional regression methods. Findings from these analyses complement prior evidence from immunogenicity trials, and although protective effects appear greatest with three doses, support the value of HPV vaccination even when incomplete. Vaccine effect estimates are largest with respect to high-grade lesions that are precursors to cervical cancer. Using primary data from a randomized experiment, Paper 3 examines the cost-effectiveness of pay-for-performance interventions among obstetric care providers in rural Karnataka, India. I construct a decision analytic model to quantify incremental costs and life years under alternative policy scenarios, combining obstetric complication outcomes and program expenditures from the trial with published evidence on complication-related mortality and medical costs. Results suggest that an incentive program based on input quality is not cost-effective in its current form, but could become economically attractive if program activities can be adjusted to reduce costs while maintaining similar health effects. Performance data collection costs were substantial in this resource-limited setting and represent a key barrier to cost-effectiveness.

Health Policy

Advisors/Committee Members: Kim, Jane xmlui.authority.confidence.description.cf_uncertain (advisor), Hsu, John (committee member), HernÃ¡n, Miguel (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Health Sciences; Obstetrics and Gynecology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Bensimon, A. (2016). Using Empirical Data to Evaluate Strategies to Improve Women's Health. (Doctoral Dissertation). Harvard University. Retrieved from http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:33493260

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Bensimon, Arielle. “Using Empirical Data to Evaluate Strategies to Improve Women's Health.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, Harvard University. Accessed April 19, 2021. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:33493260.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Bensimon, Arielle. “Using Empirical Data to Evaluate Strategies to Improve Women's Health.” 2016. Web. 19 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Bensimon A. Using Empirical Data to Evaluate Strategies to Improve Women's Health. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Harvard University; 2016. [cited 2021 Apr 19]. Available from: http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:33493260.

Council of Science Editors:

Bensimon A. Using Empirical Data to Evaluate Strategies to Improve Women's Health. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Harvard University; 2016. Available from: http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:33493260

University of Glasgow

8. Brown, Catriona Elizabeth. Assessment of cardiovascular risk in women with a history of pre-eclampsia.

Degree: PhD, 2018, University of Glasgow

URL: http://theses.gla.ac.uk/9129/ ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.744175

► Pre-eclampsia is an important and serious condition affecting 2-8% of pregnancies worldwide and carries with it significant associated risk of morbidity and mortality for both… (more)

▼ Pre-eclampsia is an important and serious condition affecting 2-8% of pregnancies worldwide and carries with it significant associated risk of morbidity and mortality for both mother and child. It is characterised by new onset hypertension after the 20th week of gestation with accompanying proteinuria. Resolution of symptoms should occur following delivery. Several pathophysiological mechanisms are common to both pre-eclampsia and cardiovascular disease, and the link between pre-eclampsia and cardiovascular disease later in life has been established. While the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of pre-eclampsia are complex, endothelial dysfunction is a key component. Increased arterial stiffness and hypertension have also been documented. Endothelial dysfunction has been shown to extend beyond childbirth, into the postpartum period. Studies evaluating endothelial dysfunction at even longer time-points following an affected pregnancy have produced conflicting results. Results from biomarker studies have supported the concept of endothelial dysfunction throughout pregnancy and the postpartum period, but as more time elapses between index pregnancy and biomarker sampling, these results also vary. Cardiac imaging and electrocardiographic studies have also contributed to knowledge about the normal physiology of pregnancy and changes which are associated with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy during pregnancy, the postpartum period and beyond. The main focus of this thesis was to investigate the possible mechanisms behind the link between pre-eclampsia and future cardiovascular disease. The aim was to investigate women who were free from cardiovascular disease for any evidence of subclinical vascular damage long-term following a pre-eclamptic pregnancy. Overall women recruited to this study would be older than women who participated in the majority of previously published studies on this theme. Before embarking on the investigation of subclinical vascular damage in women with a history of pre-eclampsia, a link was confirmed between a history of pre-eclampsia and cardiovascular disease up to 30 years from time of index pregnancy. This was accomplished using record-linkage in a large Scottish cohort; the Generation Scotland Family Health Study (GS:SFHS). Following on from this, ECGs available in women with and without a remote history of pre-eclampsia in the GS:SFHS cohort were assessed for any obvious differences. There was a more leftward shift in the QRS-axis in these women and a trend towards a longer corrected QT interval (QTc) which approached statistical significance, but after adjusting for other co-variates, pre-eclampsia did not independently predict QTc. Investigations for subclinical vascular damage were carried out by means of non-invasive vascular function studies in women recruited from three different cohorts (blood pressure clinics, GS:SFHS and the previous Proteomics in Pre-eclampsia (PIP) study of women during pregnancy). Time since index pregnancy varied between 1-30 years. Flow-mediated…

Subjects/Keywords: 618.3; RG Gynecology and obstetrics

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Brown, C. E. (2018). Assessment of cardiovascular risk in women with a history of pre-eclampsia. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Glasgow. Retrieved from http://theses.gla.ac.uk/9129/ ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.744175

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Brown, Catriona Elizabeth. “Assessment of cardiovascular risk in women with a history of pre-eclampsia.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Glasgow. Accessed April 19, 2021. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/9129/ ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.744175.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Brown, Catriona Elizabeth. “Assessment of cardiovascular risk in women with a history of pre-eclampsia.” 2018. Web. 19 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Brown CE. Assessment of cardiovascular risk in women with a history of pre-eclampsia. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Glasgow; 2018. [cited 2021 Apr 19]. Available from: http://theses.gla.ac.uk/9129/ ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.744175.

Council of Science Editors:

Brown CE. Assessment of cardiovascular risk in women with a history of pre-eclampsia. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Glasgow; 2018. Available from: http://theses.gla.ac.uk/9129/ ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.744175

Florida State University

9. Mcallister, Stacy L. Peripheral Neural Sprouting Contributes to Endo-Induced Vaginal Hyperalgesia in a Rat Model of Endometriosis.

Degree: PhD, Psychology, 2014, Florida State University

URL: http://purl.flvc.org/fsu/fd/FSU_migr_etd-9215 ;

► ABSTRACT Endometriosis, defined by ectopic growths of uterine tissue, is considered an enigma because it is unknown how or even if these abnormal growths contribute… (more)

▼ ABSTRACT Endometriosis, defined by ectopic growths of uterine tissue, is considered an enigma because it is unknown how or even if these abnormal growths contribute to the painful conditions including dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, and chronic pelvic pain that often accompany the disease. Many clinicians and biomedical scientists assume that the amount of ectopic growth (cysts) predicts the presence or severity of pain symptoms, even though considerable evidence suggests that this assumption is unwarranted. Studies from our laboratory using a rat model of surgically-induced endometriosis (ENDO) demonstrated for the first time that the cysts develop a sensory and sympathetic nerve supply. This discovery gave rise to the hypothesis that this newly-sprouted innervation of the cysts is a significant contributor to the development (i.e., generation) and maintenance of painful symptoms. One of these common symptoms, studied here, is vaginal hyperalgesia (often called dyspareunia in women). The purpose of this dissertation was to use a combination of immunohistochemical, physiological, and behavioral methods to test various aspects of this hypothesis. In the first study, the developmental time course of cyst innervation (sensory and sympathetic) and ENDO-induced vaginal hyperalgesia was examined over a 10 week period post-ENDO. It was found that rudimentary innervation appears within the cysts at 2 weeks post-ENDO, and becomes active at 3 weeks post-ENDO. Between 4 and 5 weeks post-ENDO, vaginal hyperalgesia becomes significant, but is highly variable as the innervation increases and approaches maturity. By 8 to 10 weeks post-ENDO the cyst innervation and hyperalgesia have both matured completely, plateaued and stabilized. Based on these findings, the developmental timeline was divided into three phases: INITIAL (1-2 weeks post-ENDO), TRANSITIONAL (4-6 weeks post-ENDO), and ESTABLISHED (8-10 weeks post-ENDO). In each phase, characteristics of the cyst innervation and vaginal hyperalgesia were found to be as follows: INITIAL, no innervation and no vaginal hyperalgesia; TRANSITIONAL, immature but active innervation and significant but highly variable hyperalgesia; ESTABLISHED, mature innervation and stabilized hyperalgesia both of which varied with the estrous cycle. Then, in each of the three phases, the contribution of the cysts (and their innervation) to ENDO-induced vaginal hyperalgesia was tested, by removing the cysts and assessing the effect on the development and maintenance of the vaginal hyperalgesia. In the TRANSITIONAL phase, the relationship between the severity of ENDO-induced vaginal hyperalgesia and the innervation of the cysts, eutopic uterus, and vaginal canal was also assessed. The effect of cyst removal on ENDO-induced vaginal hyperalgesia in the INITIAL phase prevented the development of vaginal hyperalgesia. In the TRANSITIONAL phase, cyst removal did not… Advisors/Committee Members: Richard L. Hyson (professor directing dissertation), David Kirby (university representative), Karen J. Berkley (committee member), Mary A. (Mary Ann) Gerend (committee member), Andrew Johnson (committee member), Mohamed Kabbaj (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Neurosciences; Obstetrics; Gynecology; Medicine

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APA (6^th Edition):

Mcallister, S. L. (2014). Peripheral Neural Sprouting Contributes to Endo-Induced Vaginal Hyperalgesia in a Rat Model of Endometriosis. (Doctoral Dissertation). Florida State University. Retrieved from http://purl.flvc.org/fsu/fd/FSU_migr_etd-9215 ;

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Mcallister, Stacy L. “Peripheral Neural Sprouting Contributes to Endo-Induced Vaginal Hyperalgesia in a Rat Model of Endometriosis.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, Florida State University. Accessed April 19, 2021. http://purl.flvc.org/fsu/fd/FSU_migr_etd-9215 ;.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Mcallister, Stacy L. “Peripheral Neural Sprouting Contributes to Endo-Induced Vaginal Hyperalgesia in a Rat Model of Endometriosis.” 2014. Web. 19 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Mcallister SL. Peripheral Neural Sprouting Contributes to Endo-Induced Vaginal Hyperalgesia in a Rat Model of Endometriosis. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Florida State University; 2014. [cited 2021 Apr 19]. Available from: http://purl.flvc.org/fsu/fd/FSU_migr_etd-9215 ;.

Council of Science Editors:

Mcallister SL. Peripheral Neural Sprouting Contributes to Endo-Induced Vaginal Hyperalgesia in a Rat Model of Endometriosis. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Florida State University; 2014. Available from: http://purl.flvc.org/fsu/fd/FSU_migr_etd-9215 ;

Cardiff University

10. McNamara, Gráinne. In utero adversity and later life behavioural disorders: the role of Cdkn1c.

Degree: PhD, 2014, Cardiff University

URL: http://orca.cf.ac.uk/69702/

► Genes that are imprinted are subject to a developmentally determined epigenetic marking, which restricts expression to a single allele, dependant on the parent of origin.… (more)

▼ Genes that are imprinted are subject to a developmentally determined epigenetic marking, which restricts expression to a single allele, dependant on the parent of origin. Selection of imprinted genes for monoallelic expression indicates their function is highly dosage sensitive. Altered dosage of imprinted genes has been linked to a number of neurological conditions, including psychosis. Cdkn1c is an example of an imprinted gene whose expression is sensitive to the in utero environment. Considerable development of the nervous system takes place in utero and suboptimal pregnancies have been linked to the occurrence of psychiatric and other behavioural disorders in adults. One mechanism through which the maternal environment may impact foetal development is by altering the epigenetic regulation of vulnerable genes. A prenatal low protein or high fat diet resulted in alterations in a subset of imprinted gene in the brains of the offspring at E18.5. This was accompanied by sexually dimorphic changes in the dopaminergic system. Previously published findings reporting sensitivity of Cdkn1c to a prenatal low protein diet were replicated with a 1.8 fold increase in neural Cdkn1c expression observed. This was shown to be due to a change in the parental contribution to expression levels of this gene. Modelling the specific alteration of an increase in Cdkn1c genetically (Cdkn1cBACx1 line) revealed anhedonia, but with an increased motivational drive, towards a palatable solution, with corresponding changes in the reward system responsivity and chemistry in the adult brain. Additionally presence of a Cdkn1cBACx1 animal in a group destabilised the social hierarchy, negatively effecting fitness of all group members. An adverse inutero environment increases Cdkn1c levels to those reminiscent of the genetic ‘loss of imprinting’ model. Such alteration in expression of Cdkn1c has significant consequences for adult neurochemistry, reward processing and the social environment and fitness of the group. This work suggests a potentially crucial role, of at least Cdkn1c, and perhaps imprinted genes more generally, in mediating the negative consequences of an adverse in utero environment.

Subjects/Keywords: RG Gynecology and obstetrics

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

McNamara, G. (2014). In utero adversity and later life behavioural disorders: the role of Cdkn1c. (Doctoral Dissertation). Cardiff University. Retrieved from http://orca.cf.ac.uk/69702/

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

McNamara, Gráinne. “In utero adversity and later life behavioural disorders: the role of Cdkn1c.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, Cardiff University. Accessed April 19, 2021. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/69702/.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

McNamara, Gráinne. “In utero adversity and later life behavioural disorders: the role of Cdkn1c.” 2014. Web. 19 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

McNamara G. In utero adversity and later life behavioural disorders: the role of Cdkn1c. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Cardiff University; 2014. [cited 2021 Apr 19]. Available from: http://orca.cf.ac.uk/69702/.

Council of Science Editors:

McNamara G. In utero adversity and later life behavioural disorders: the role of Cdkn1c. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Cardiff University; 2014. Available from: http://orca.cf.ac.uk/69702/

Cardiff University

11. Lansdown, Andrew John. Anthropometric and metabolic correlates of sympathetic nervous system activation in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Degree: md, 2016, Cardiff University

URL: http://orca.cf.ac.uk/100609/

► Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with increased metabolic risk and hypertension, which may relate to enhanced sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activation. The cerebral… (more)

▼ Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with increased metabolic risk and hypertension, which may relate to enhanced sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activation. The cerebral pathways involved in this process are not known. Aims: (1) To compare blood pressure and SNS activation in response to isometric forearm contraction (IFC) between PCOS and control groups. (2) To identify and compare the neuronal signatures of this response. (3) To investigate metabolic and anthropometric correlates of SNS activation. Methods: 20 PCOS (age 29.8 yrs, BMI 26.1 kg/ m²) and 20 matched controls (age 29.7 yrs, BMI 26.1 kg/ m²; p=NS) were studied. Out-of-scanner tests: measurement of mean blood pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) responses to 30% IFC for 180 seconds; baseline and post-task catecholamines, and microneurography (MSNA) in a subgroup of 8 PCOS and 8 controls. In-scanner: Blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) fMRI using an identical block paradigm design for IFC, BOLD signalcorrelating to MAP responses (threshold Z>2.3, corrected cluster threshold p=0.05). Results: IFC elicited an increase in HR and MAP in PCOS and controls but these did not differ between groups (p=0.16[HR] and p=0.06[MAP]). Adrenaline increased significantly post-IFC in PCOS (0.68 to 1.23ng/mL p<0.001) but not in controls (0.77 to 0.99ng/mL p=0.14). MSNA burst frequency increased by 68% in the PCOS group compared to 11.9% in controls (p=0.002). Brain activation indexed by the BOLD signal in response to IFC was significantly greater in the PCOS group compared to the control group in the right orbitofrontal cortex (p<0.0001), left angular gyrus and lateral occipital cortex (p=0.04). When the BOLD signal was separately corrected for insulin sensitivity, BOLD signal in the right orbitofrontal cortex was no longer significant. Conclusions: PCOS is associated with enhanced SNS activation and increased regional brain activation in response to IFC. The right orbitofrontal cortex BOLD signal change in the PCOS group is associated with insulin sensitivity.

Subjects/Keywords: RG Gynecology and obstetrics

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Lansdown, A. J. (2016). Anthropometric and metabolic correlates of sympathetic nervous system activation in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. (Doctoral Dissertation). Cardiff University. Retrieved from http://orca.cf.ac.uk/100609/

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Lansdown, Andrew John. “Anthropometric and metabolic correlates of sympathetic nervous system activation in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, Cardiff University. Accessed April 19, 2021. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/100609/.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Lansdown, Andrew John. “Anthropometric and metabolic correlates of sympathetic nervous system activation in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.” 2016. Web. 19 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Lansdown AJ. Anthropometric and metabolic correlates of sympathetic nervous system activation in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Cardiff University; 2016. [cited 2021 Apr 19]. Available from: http://orca.cf.ac.uk/100609/.

Council of Science Editors:

Lansdown AJ. Anthropometric and metabolic correlates of sympathetic nervous system activation in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Cardiff University; 2016. Available from: http://orca.cf.ac.uk/100609/

Cardiff University

12. Coulson, Rose-Marie Kate. Cardiovascular risk in young women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

Degree: Thesis (M.D.), 2014, Cardiff University

URL: http://orca.cf.ac.uk/74062/ ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.655934

► Background: Young women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) may have increased measures of cardiovascular risk. It is difficult to determine how much of this risk… (more)

▼ Background: Young women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) may have increased measures of cardiovascular risk. It is difficult to determine how much of this risk is due to PCOS itself and how much is due to obesity and insulin resistance,which are common in PCOS and are themselves associated with greater cardiovascular risk. Aims and Methods: The study aimed to determine if arterial stiffness, carotid intima-media thickness and diastolic dysfunction were increased in young women with PCOS independently of the effects of obesity. A cross-sectional study of women with PCOS and healthy volunteers aged 16-45 years was undertaken. Subjects had a comprehensive assessment of body composition (including computed tomography assessment of visceral fat), measurements of arterial stiffness (aortic pulse wave velocity; aPWV), common carotid intima-media thickness (ccIMT), diastolic function (longitudinal tissue velocity; e’:a’) and metabolic measures including an oral glucose tolerance test to assess insulin area under the curve (IAUC), a marker of insulin resistance. Results: After adjustment for age and body mass index, PCOS subjects had greater insulin response (IAUC) following glucose challenge (adjusted difference [AD] 35900 pmol min/l, P<0.001), higher testosterone (AD 0.57 nmol/l, P<0.001) and high molecular weight adiponectin (AD 3.01μg/ml, P=0.02) than controls. There were no significant differences in aPWV (AD -0.13m/s, P=0.33), ccIMT (AD - 0.01mm, P=0.13) or e’:a’ (AD -0.01, P=0.86). After adjustment for age, height and central pulse pressure, aPWV and e’:a’ were associated with log visceral fat and IAUC. After adjusting for log visceral fat, the relationships between aPWV or e’:a’ and IAUC were only party attenuated. There was no relationship between cardiovascular measures and adiponectin or testosterone. Conclusions: Insulin resistance and central obesity are associated with subclinical dysfunction in young women, but a diagnosis of PCOS does not appear to confer additional risk at this age.

Subjects/Keywords: 618.1; RG Gynecology and obstetrics

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Coulson, R. K. (2014). Cardiovascular risk in young women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. (Doctoral Dissertation). Cardiff University. Retrieved from http://orca.cf.ac.uk/74062/ ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.655934

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Coulson, Rose-Marie Kate. “Cardiovascular risk in young women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, Cardiff University. Accessed April 19, 2021. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/74062/ ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.655934.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Coulson, Rose-Marie Kate. “Cardiovascular risk in young women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.” 2014. Web. 19 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Coulson RK. Cardiovascular risk in young women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Cardiff University; 2014. [cited 2021 Apr 19]. Available from: http://orca.cf.ac.uk/74062/ ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.655934.

Council of Science Editors:

Coulson RK. Cardiovascular risk in young women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Cardiff University; 2014. Available from: http://orca.cf.ac.uk/74062/ ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.655934

Cardiff University

13. Lansdown, Andrew John. Anthropometric and metabolic correlates of sympathetic nervous system activation in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Degree: Thesis (M.D.), 2016, Cardiff University

URL: http://orca.cf.ac.uk/100609/ ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.715999

► Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with increased metabolic risk and hypertension, which may relate to enhanced sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activation. The cerebral… (more)

▼ Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with increased metabolic risk and hypertension, which may relate to enhanced sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activation. The cerebral pathways involved in this process are not known. Aims: (1) To compare blood pressure and SNS activation in response to isometric forearm contraction (IFC) between PCOS and control groups. (2) To identify and compare the neuronal signatures of this response. (3) To investigate metabolic and anthropometric correlates of SNS activation. Methods: 20 PCOS (age 29.8 yrs, BMI 26.1 kg/ m²) and 20 matched controls (age 29.7 yrs, BMI 26.1 kg/ m²; p=NS) were studied. Out-of-scanner tests: measurement of mean blood pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) responses to 30% IFC for 180 seconds; baseline and post-task catecholamines, and microneurography (MSNA) in a subgroup of 8 PCOS and 8 controls. In-scanner: Blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) fMRI using an identical block paradigm design for IFC, BOLD signalcorrelating to MAP responses (threshold Z > 2.3, corrected cluster threshold p=0.05). Results: IFC elicited an increase in HR and MAP in PCOS and controls but these did not differ between groups (p=0.16[HR] and p=0.06[MAP]). Adrenaline increased significantly post-IFC in PCOS (0.68 to 1.23ng/mL p < 0.001) but not in controls (0.77 to 0.99ng/mL p=0.14). MSNA burst frequency increased by 68% in the PCOS group compared to 11.9% in controls (p=0.002). Brain activation indexed by the BOLD signal in response to IFC was significantly greater in the PCOS group compared to the control group in the right orbitofrontal cortex (p < 0.0001), left angular gyrus and lateral occipital cortex (p=0.04). When the BOLD signal was separately corrected for insulin sensitivity, BOLD signal in the right orbitofrontal cortex was no longer significant. Conclusions: PCOS is associated with enhanced SNS activation and increased regional brain activation in response to IFC. The right orbitofrontal cortex BOLD signal change in the PCOS group is associated with insulin sensitivity.

Subjects/Keywords: 618.1; RG Gynecology and obstetrics

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Lansdown, A. J. (2016). Anthropometric and metabolic correlates of sympathetic nervous system activation in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. (Doctoral Dissertation). Cardiff University. Retrieved from http://orca.cf.ac.uk/100609/ ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.715999

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Lansdown, Andrew John. “Anthropometric and metabolic correlates of sympathetic nervous system activation in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, Cardiff University. Accessed April 19, 2021. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/100609/ ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.715999.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Lansdown, Andrew John. “Anthropometric and metabolic correlates of sympathetic nervous system activation in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.” 2016. Web. 19 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Lansdown AJ. Anthropometric and metabolic correlates of sympathetic nervous system activation in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Cardiff University; 2016. [cited 2021 Apr 19]. Available from: http://orca.cf.ac.uk/100609/ ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.715999.

Council of Science Editors:

Lansdown AJ. Anthropometric and metabolic correlates of sympathetic nervous system activation in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Cardiff University; 2016. Available from: http://orca.cf.ac.uk/100609/ ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.715999

14. Campbell, Virginia. A grounded theory study of the impact of yoga for pregnancy classes on women's self-efficacy for labour and birth.

Degree: PhD, 2017, University of Worcester

URL: http://eprints.worc.ac.uk/7809/ ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.773964

► In addition to lower healthcare costs, straightforward birth has physiological and psychological benefits for women and families (Smith et al., 2016; Kassebaum et al., 2014;… (more)

▼ In addition to lower healthcare costs, straightforward birth has physiological and psychological benefits for women and families (Smith et al., 2016; Kassebaum et al., 2014; O'Mahony et al., 2010). Most women would prefer to birth their babies without medical intervention (Wharton et al. 2017; Care Quality Commission, 2015) and the reduction of birth interventions has been identified as an urgent healthcare priority (Amis, 2016). As pharmacological pain relief in labour results in more instrumental deliveries (Anim-Somuah et al., 2011), enabling women to use self-management strategies to cope with the sensations of labour should result in more women birthing their babies physiologically. Antenatal education has the potential to teach women pain coping strategies which can help them in labour, but unanswered questions remain around which approaches are most effective (McMillan et al, 2009; Gagnon & Sandall, 2007). Yoga for pregnancy (YfP) has been suggested as an antenatal education intervention which may have an effect on women's perception of pain during labour (Jones et al., 2012) and may therefore enable them to birth their babies without pharmacological pain relief. Self-efficacy beliefs affect women's ability to succeed in the tasks they set themselves and may be able to influence both labour pain perception and perinatal outcomes (Tilden et al., 2016). This thesis reports on a grounded theory study which explored which aspects of YfP delivered by a group of teachers trained by a national charity (NCT) might be effective in enhancing women's self-efficacy, and therefore ability to manage labour. This two-part study compared the aims and content of YfP classes with the experience of women who attended them. Part 1 analysed YfP class observations and individual face-to-face interviews with a convenience sample of three YfP teachers. Part 2 was a longitudinal study of women attending YfP classes. Twenty-two women, recruited via the YfP teachers, volunteered to participate in semi-structured interviews at three time points. Two of the interviews were in the antenatal period, and one was held postnatally. Four themes emerged from the part 1 analysis of class observations and teacher interviews: 'Creating a sisterhood', 'Enabling an easier or more positive labour', 'Building confidence' and 'Enhancing learning'. In the first interviews with the pregnant women in part 2, different themes emerged but with similar threads to the teacher interviews. An overarching theme of 'Looking after myself and the baby' emerged with four subthemes: 'Hoping for a natural or easier labour', 'Preparing for something I can't prepare for', 'Being calm and in control', and 'Making friends'. These themes developed and changed focus at the second interviews once the women had attended YfP classes and were close to their birth. An overarching theme of 'Gaining confidence in managing labour' emerged. The subthemes 'Preparing for something I can't prepare for' and 'Being in control' remained, and two new subthemes emerged: 'Practising…

Subjects/Keywords: RG Gynecology and obstetrics

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APA (6^th Edition):

Campbell, V. (2017). A grounded theory study of the impact of yoga for pregnancy classes on women's self-efficacy for labour and birth. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Worcester. Retrieved from http://eprints.worc.ac.uk/7809/ ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.773964

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Campbell, Virginia. “A grounded theory study of the impact of yoga for pregnancy classes on women's self-efficacy for labour and birth.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Worcester. Accessed April 19, 2021. http://eprints.worc.ac.uk/7809/ ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.773964.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Campbell, Virginia. “A grounded theory study of the impact of yoga for pregnancy classes on women's self-efficacy for labour and birth.” 2017. Web. 19 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Campbell V. A grounded theory study of the impact of yoga for pregnancy classes on women's self-efficacy for labour and birth. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Worcester; 2017. [cited 2021 Apr 19]. Available from: http://eprints.worc.ac.uk/7809/ ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.773964.

Council of Science Editors:

Campbell V. A grounded theory study of the impact of yoga for pregnancy classes on women's self-efficacy for labour and birth. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Worcester; 2017. Available from: http://eprints.worc.ac.uk/7809/ ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.773964

University of Glasgow

15. Carty, David Martin. Pre-eclampsia : early prediction and long-term consequences.

Degree: PhD, 2012, University of Glasgow

URL: http://theses.gla.ac.uk/3124/ ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.547216

► Approximately one in ten pregnant women will have their blood pressure recorded above normal at some point during their pregnancy. Pre-eclampsia, the most common hypertensive… (more)

▼ Approximately one in ten pregnant women will have their blood pressure recorded above normal at some point during their pregnancy. Pre-eclampsia, the most common hypertensive disorder of pregnancy, affects around 5% of all first time mothers, and is an important cause of foetal and maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Efforts to diagnose the condition have been hampered by inability to predict which women are likely to be affected. Multiple pathways are known to be involved in its pathogenesis, and several screening tests have been suggested for its early prediction. None, however, have been sensitive or specific enough to have come into routine medical practice. The work contained in this thesis describes a study which was designed to detect biochemical and clinical markers that could improve ability to predict pre-eclampsia. Over 3900 women were recruited in early pregnancy at four maternity clinics across the West of Scotland; baseline characteristics and information on past medical and obstetric history were obtained. Women were followed up throughout their pregnancy, and information on deliveries obtained from hospital databases. One-hundred and eighty of these women, who had multiple risk factors for pre-eclampsia, attended for further sampling and vascular assessment at gestational weeks 16 and 28. The primary aim of the overall study was to examine whether a proteomic strategy could be used to identify patterns of peptides in urine that detect pre-eclampsia in the first and second trimesters. Using samples from healthy pregnant and non-pregnant women I was able to describe the normal human urinary proteome in pregnancy. By comparing these pregnancy-associated peptides between women who went on to develop pre-eclampsia and matched controls, I was able to identify a pattern of peptides, characterised by collagen fragments, fibrinogen and uromodulin that accurately predicted pre-eclampsia at week 28. No such markers were identified in the first trimester samples. A further aim of the overall study was to identify early pregnancy plasma markers that could help to identify women destined to develop pre-eclampsia. By examining samples from early pregnancy I was able to demonstrate that the angiogenic markers soluble endoglin and placental growth factor are already altered at week 12-16 in women who go on to develop pre-eclampsia. Using a multi-marker approach, I also showed that E-Selectin, an adhesion molecule expressed on endothelial cells which controls interaction between circulating leukocytes and the endothelium, is higher at week 12-16 in women who go on to develop pre-eclampsia. Experiments using samples from later pregnancy, alternative analysis techniques and samples from an independent study population all helped to confirm these novel findings. Endothelial dysfunction is known to play a key role in the development of pre-eclampsia, contributing to the hypertension, proteinuria and oedema seen in affected women. In the risk factor cohort I used vascular function studies to examine whether they…

Subjects/Keywords: 618; RG Gynecology and obstetrics

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Carty, D. M. (2012). Pre-eclampsia : early prediction and long-term consequences. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Glasgow. Retrieved from http://theses.gla.ac.uk/3124/ ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.547216

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Carty, David Martin. “Pre-eclampsia : early prediction and long-term consequences.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Glasgow. Accessed April 19, 2021. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/3124/ ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.547216.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Carty, David Martin. “Pre-eclampsia : early prediction and long-term consequences.” 2012. Web. 19 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Carty DM. Pre-eclampsia : early prediction and long-term consequences. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Glasgow; 2012. [cited 2021 Apr 19]. Available from: http://theses.gla.ac.uk/3124/ ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.547216.

Council of Science Editors:

Carty DM. Pre-eclampsia : early prediction and long-term consequences. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Glasgow; 2012. Available from: http://theses.gla.ac.uk/3124/ ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.547216

16. Ibrahim, Ghada. The role of the health system in women's utilisation of maternal health services in Sudan.

Degree: PhD, 2015, City, University of London

URL: https://openaccess.city.ac.uk/id/eprint/17079/ ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.709633

► Background: Maternal mortality and morbidity still pose a significant challenge in Sudan, where no significant improvements in maternal health have been achieved despite the focus… (more)

▼ Background: Maternal mortality and morbidity still pose a significant challenge in Sudan, where no significant improvements in maternal health have been achieved despite the focus on the Millennium Development Goals. Under-utilisation is a major public health concern even though Sudan is among the African countries that have registered poor maternal and child health. Health services in Sudan are generally limited and with poor quality and disparate access. Therefore, there is a need for better understanding of the barriers to the provision and utilisation of maternal health services in order to improve the health and survival of Sudanese mothers. Objectives: This study sought to assess the maternal health system functions and influences on utilisation as well as the social, cultural, and women’s characteristics that may constitute barriers to utilisation. Methodology: The study used an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design. A comprehensive analysis was conducted using several quantitative and qualitative data sets, guided by a new framework, the Maternal Health System Performance framework (MHSP) developed as part of this work in order to assess both the three objectives and four functions of the health system on both macro and micro levels. Findings: The study findings provide clear evidence that the Sudan health system is not currently capable of achieving an adequate level of attainment of the health goals or equitable distribution, due to dysfunction of the four health system functions. In addition, the findings draw attention to the important role of the stewardship function in health system performance. This function can play a key role in health system reform, as it influences management of the health system and should work across all elements of the system to ensure a well-functioning health system and efficient use of resources. The findings also underline the important role of health system related factors rather than simply population factors (such as individual, household, and community factors) in the low service utilisation among women in poor settings. While it shows that certain population characteristics such as household income and education do have a significant impact on the utilisation, the health system functions, and in particular the stewardship function, are also demonstrated to be of considerable importance. Implication: These findings have implications for policy and practice, indicating that simply blaming women for not using maternal health services is unhelpful and inappropriate and indicate that decision makers should focus more fully on improving the performance of the health system. According to the comprehensive assessment of the health system performance, the study proposes several recommendations for each health system function to enhance the performance in the context of limited resources, ultimately to improve women’s and community health in Sudan.

Subjects/Keywords: 362.1982; RG Gynecology and obstetrics

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Ibrahim, G. (2015). The role of the health system in women's utilisation of maternal health services in Sudan. (Doctoral Dissertation). City, University of London. Retrieved from https://openaccess.city.ac.uk/id/eprint/17079/ ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.709633

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Ibrahim, Ghada. “The role of the health system in women's utilisation of maternal health services in Sudan.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, City, University of London. Accessed April 19, 2021. https://openaccess.city.ac.uk/id/eprint/17079/ ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.709633.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Ibrahim, Ghada. “The role of the health system in women's utilisation of maternal health services in Sudan.” 2015. Web. 19 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Ibrahim G. The role of the health system in women's utilisation of maternal health services in Sudan. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. City, University of London; 2015. [cited 2021 Apr 19]. Available from: https://openaccess.city.ac.uk/id/eprint/17079/ ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.709633.

Council of Science Editors:

Ibrahim G. The role of the health system in women's utilisation of maternal health services in Sudan. [Doctoral Dissertation]. City, University of London; 2015. Available from: https://openaccess.city.ac.uk/id/eprint/17079/ ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.709633

17. Russell, Richard. The effect of prolongation of luteal support with progesterone following in-vitro fertilisation treatments on pregnancy outcome.

Degree: PhD, 2014, University of Liverpool

URL: http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/16493/ ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.617507

► Over 5 million babies have been born as a result of IVF procedures. Worldwide, over 1 million cycles of IVF are performed annually. The IVF… (more)

▼ Over 5 million babies have been born as a result of IVF procedures. Worldwide, over 1 million cycles of IVF are performed annually. The IVF procedure involves ovarian stimulation with the purpose of developing multiple follicles and maximising the potential oocyte yield. As a consequence of high oestradiol levels produced during treatment and the use of GnRH agonists or antagonists, a luteal phase deficiency results. This phenomenon is associated with reduced implantation potential and suboptimal conditions for maintenance of early pregnancy. Luteal support in the form of progesterone or HCG has been demonstrated to improve pregnancy rates after IVF. A number of luteal support protocols have been investigated with progesterone the most commonly used drug. The optimum duration of luteal support has yet to be defined. With no agreement in clinical practice evident, the reported use of progesterone ranges from withdrawing luteal support at confirmation of biochemical pregnancy to continuation beyond 12 weeks gestation. Whilst luteal support is considered a very important aspect of IVF treatment, there is very little evidence to support an optimum duration of use. The DOLS trial is a prospective randomised double blind placebo controlled trial investigating the effect of additional luteal support beyond confirmation of pregnancy test after assisted conception. Four hundred and sixty seven patients were randomised after confirmation of biochemical pregnancy to receive a further 8 weeks of vaginal progesterone or 8 weeks of placebo. Summary results were to include a primary outcome defined as viable pregnancy at 12 weeks gestation, whilst secondary outcomes were to report on live birth rates, pregnancy associated complications, neonatal outcomes, effect on first trimester serum screening and effect on uterine artery Doppler velocity. The DOLS trial reported no difference in pregnancy outcome at 12 weeks gestation, with 167/228 (73.3%) women randomised to the extended luteal support treatment arm having a confirmed viable intrauterine pregnancy compared with 167/233 (71.7%) women randomised to the placebo arm of the trial; adjusted risk ratio 0.97 (95%CI 0.87 to 1.09). Similarly live birth rates were not different between the treatment groups; 71.1% versus 70.4% respectively. No effect of extending luteal support beyond positive pregnancy test was observed in reference to complications of pregnancy, neonatal outcome, uterine artery Doppler velocity or antenatal screening outcome. In conclusion, we have confirmed that continuing luteal support using progesterone beyond confirmation of biochemical pregnancy offers no benefit in terms of pregnancy outcomes. However the extended use of progesterone until 12 weeks gestation does not confer harm. We suggest that all clinics worldwide should consider offering luteal support no further than positive pregnancy test, at which point it can be safely withdrawn without compromising live birth rates and reducing treatment burden.

Subjects/Keywords: 618; RG Gynecology and obstetrics

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Russell, R. (2014). The effect of prolongation of luteal support with progesterone following in-vitro fertilisation treatments on pregnancy outcome. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Liverpool. Retrieved from http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/16493/ ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.617507

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Russell, Richard. “The effect of prolongation of luteal support with progesterone following in-vitro fertilisation treatments on pregnancy outcome.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Liverpool. Accessed April 19, 2021. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/16493/ ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.617507.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Russell, Richard. “The effect of prolongation of luteal support with progesterone following in-vitro fertilisation treatments on pregnancy outcome.” 2014. Web. 19 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Russell R. The effect of prolongation of luteal support with progesterone following in-vitro fertilisation treatments on pregnancy outcome. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Liverpool; 2014. [cited 2021 Apr 19]. Available from: http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/16493/ ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.617507.

Council of Science Editors:

Russell R. The effect of prolongation of luteal support with progesterone following in-vitro fertilisation treatments on pregnancy outcome. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Liverpool; 2014. Available from: http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/16493/ ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.617507

18. Tang, Ai-Wei. Uterine natural killer (uNK) cells and recurrent miscarriage : a pilot randomised controlled trial of prednisolone in women with high uNK cells and recurrent miscarriage.

Degree: PhD, 2014, University of Liverpool

URL: http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/18633/ ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.617549

► Recurrent miscarriage (RM) is stressful. One reason for this is because no causes can be found for the pregnancy loss in the majority of cases.… (more)

▼ Recurrent miscarriage (RM) is stressful. One reason for this is because no causes can be found for the pregnancy loss in the majority of cases. Focus has been on the endometrium which undergoes decidualisation in preparation for implantation. Any problems in the finely organised interactions between the endometrium and invading trophoblast cells may contribute towards a miscarriage. Immunological mechanisms are thought to be one of the pathways involved as there is the need of maternal adaptation of her immune response to the semi-allogenic developing embryo. Uterine natural killer (uNK) cells are the most abundant in the endometrium during the window of implantation. They interact with trophoblast cells, and are involved in vascular remodelling, an important step in implantation. Hence, they have a biological plausibility of playing a major role in RM. Both peripheral NK (pNK) and uNK cells tests have been developed as assessments of immunological causes of RM. A systematic review performed showed inadequate evidence for both pNK and uNK cells tests as markers for adverse pregnancy outcomes. There were only twelve studies, with 446 patients reporting pregnancy outcomes. There was no accepted consensus of normality and methodology for analysing NK cells. The conclusion was the need for well-designed studies to assess the role of NK cell tests as a clinically useful marker for screening. This led to the conduct of the pilot phase of a RCT of prednisolone in early pregnancy in women with idiopathic RM and raised uNK cells density. The main aim of this trial was to assess feasibility of recruitment and tolerability of prednisolone. Secondary clinical outcomes included live birth, types of miscarriage, miscarriage karyotype, gestational age at delivery, birthweight and pregnancy complications (eg: pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes, fetal abnormality, stillbirth, IUGR). 160 women were screened for uNK cells density and 40 were randomised, despite the majority (85%) desiring prednisolone if given a choice. There was a trend towards improved live birth rate with prednisolone treatment but this was not significant. There were equal numbers of biochemical, sac and fetal pregnancy losses in both groups. All completed treatment with main reported side effects in the prednisolone group of insomnia. There were no pregnancy complications. The analysis of uNK cells was found to be very time consuming. To accommodate potentially large numbers who will be screened in the definitive trial, an alternative, quicker and equally accurate method of analysing uNK cells was developed using the colour deconvolution and area measurement plug-ins of a public domain image analysis package, Image J. Women supported this trial. Randomisation was acceptable. The prednisolone was safe. UNK cell density is a valid biomarker of severe outcomes. There was a trend towards improvement in live birth rates. This trial paves the way for the development of an endometrial based test to screen for the subgroup of women with RM that could potentially benefit…

Subjects/Keywords: 610; RG Gynecology and obstetrics

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Tang, A. (2014). Uterine natural killer (uNK) cells and recurrent miscarriage : a pilot randomised controlled trial of prednisolone in women with high uNK cells and recurrent miscarriage. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Liverpool. Retrieved from http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/18633/ ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.617549

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Tang, Ai-Wei. “Uterine natural killer (uNK) cells and recurrent miscarriage : a pilot randomised controlled trial of prednisolone in women with high uNK cells and recurrent miscarriage.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Liverpool. Accessed April 19, 2021. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/18633/ ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.617549.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Tang, Ai-Wei. “Uterine natural killer (uNK) cells and recurrent miscarriage : a pilot randomised controlled trial of prednisolone in women with high uNK cells and recurrent miscarriage.” 2014. Web. 19 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Tang A. Uterine natural killer (uNK) cells and recurrent miscarriage : a pilot randomised controlled trial of prednisolone in women with high uNK cells and recurrent miscarriage. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Liverpool; 2014. [cited 2021 Apr 19]. Available from: http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/18633/ ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.617549.

Council of Science Editors:

Tang A. Uterine natural killer (uNK) cells and recurrent miscarriage : a pilot randomised controlled trial of prednisolone in women with high uNK cells and recurrent miscarriage. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Liverpool; 2014. Available from: http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/18633/ ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.617549

19. Deboutte, Danielle J. E. Cost-effectiveness analysis of emergency obstetric services in a crisis environment.

Degree: PhD, 2011, University of Liverpool

URL: http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/4453/ ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.547233

► The study investigated the cost-effectiveness of caesarean section (CS) as the major component of Emergency Obstetric Care (EMOC) in a humanitarian context. Research was conducted… (more)

▼ The study investigated the cost-effectiveness of caesarean section (CS) as the major component of Emergency Obstetric Care (EMOC) in a humanitarian context. Research was conducted from December 2007 until June 2008 in Bunia, in the north-east of the Democratic Republic of Congo. Methods A case-control study explored the factors determining whether a woman had a CS or a vaginal delivery. Cases (n=178) were randomly selected from women who had delivered by CS. Controls (n=180) were women who had delivered vaginally within two weeks of a case and were matched by place of residency. Face-to face interviews in the local language used a structured questionnaire about obstetric and socio-economic factors. Obstetric care was assessed during repeat visits to health structures using checklists. Provider cost of CS was calculated for four hospitals, of which one provided free emergency healthcare. Information about cost allocation to CS was collected from hospital managers, maternity staff, and administrators. Costs were verified with local entrepreneurs, international organisations and UN agencies. The social cost of maternal death was discussed in focus groups, which also obtained user cost information additional to the data from the case-control study. Results CS constituted 9.7% of expected deliveries in the Bunia Health Zone. During the study period, the humanitarian hospital performed 75% of all CS. There were no elective CSs in the study sample. The study found no evidence of obstetric surgery for non-medical reasons. Previous CS and prolonged labour during this delivery were the strongest predictive factors for CS. The risk increased with age of the mother and decreased with the number of children alive. Fifteen obstetric deaths were reported to the research team, three among them were women who had a CS. After adjusting the observed number for missed pregnancy-related and late post-partum deaths, the estimated number of maternal deaths avoided by humanitarian EMOC, compared to expected mortality without additional services, ranged from 20 to 228. Compared to recent estimates for the DRC, perinatal deaths avoided ranged from 237 to 453. Cost-effectiveness was expressed as cost per year of healthy life expectancy (HALE) gained. The estimated cost of adding one year of HALE by providing CSs in a humanitarian context ranged from 3.77 USD to 9.17 USD. Comparison of the cost of EMOC and the social cost of maternal death was complicated by the existence of local customs such as “sororate”. The user capacity to pay for health insurance was found to be low. Conclusion Caesarean sections as part of humanitarian assistance were cost-effective. To keep EMOC accessible during and following the transition from emergency relief to development, a change in the national financing policy for health services is advisable.

Subjects/Keywords: 618.86; RG Gynecology and obstetrics

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Deboutte, D. J. E. (2011). Cost-effectiveness analysis of emergency obstetric services in a crisis environment. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Liverpool. Retrieved from http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/4453/ ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.547233

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Deboutte, Danielle J E. “Cost-effectiveness analysis of emergency obstetric services in a crisis environment.” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Liverpool. Accessed April 19, 2021. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/4453/ ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.547233.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Deboutte, Danielle J E. “Cost-effectiveness analysis of emergency obstetric services in a crisis environment.” 2011. Web. 19 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Deboutte DJE. Cost-effectiveness analysis of emergency obstetric services in a crisis environment. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Liverpool; 2011. [cited 2021 Apr 19]. Available from: http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/4453/ ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.547233.

Council of Science Editors:

Deboutte DJE. Cost-effectiveness analysis of emergency obstetric services in a crisis environment. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Liverpool; 2011. Available from: http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/4453/ ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.547233

20. Aflaifel, Nasreen. Postpartum haemorrhage : new insights from published trials and the development of novel management options.

Degree: PhD, 2015, University of Liverpool

URL: http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/2015019/ ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.664449

► Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) is the most common cause of maternal mortality leading to an estimated 86, 000 deaths/year. The most common cause of PPH is… (more)

▼ Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) is the most common cause of maternal mortality leading to an estimated 86, 000 deaths/year. The most common cause of PPH is failure of the uterus to contract properly (uterine atony). Several measures have been introduced to prevent and treat atonic PPH, but in spite of active management of the third stage of labour (AMTSL), maternal deaths from PPH still occur. PPH can kill rapidly within two hours or less. PPH has long been recognised as a dangerous complication for mothers. In order to optimise the prevention and treatment of PPH, different approaches have been introduced and modified over the last century. We reviewed the regimes used in the management of the third stage of labour between 1917 and 2011 as described in the successive editions of the ‘Ten Teachers’ books. Throughout the Ten Teachers series, uterotonic drugs have always been taught as being the best initial measure to manage PPH. However, the importance of bimanual uterine compression (BMC) has increased gradually, moving from third to first treatment option over the editions (Aflaifel and Weeks, 2012a). The components of the AMTSL package for PPH prophylaxis have recently been extensively examined in clinical trials. Its effectiveness in reducing blood loss is now known to be almost all due to the uterotonics (Aflaifel and Weeks, 2012b). However, clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of uterotonics in treating PPH are comparatively rare. Where present they usually compare two uterotonics with an absence of control group, as it is unethical to leave a bleeding woman untreated. A recent innovation is to model the likely outcomes in the absence of uterotonic therapy through histograms. This also allows an assessment of the efficiency of treatment by measuring the number of women who stop bleeding shortly after administering treatments. This model has never previously been applied to databases in which uterotonics were used for prophylaxis. In a secondary analysis of 4 large randomised trials, small secondary histogram peaks (primarily attributed to a treatment effect) were still present even if uterotonic therapy had not been used. Furthermore, the study revealed that women were commonly treated at low levels of blood loss (< 500 mls). It was also seen that, of those diagnosed with PPH (≥ 500 mls), most stopped bleeding at blood losses of around 700 mls even if they did not receive any uterotonic therapy. This should warn against ascribing all the effect to uterotonic therapy. As well as stopping spontaneously, other physical therapies may also have been used concurrently and may have had an effect. The evidence from the histogram study suggested that use of additional uterotonic is not a good surrogate for PPH in the research context. Chapter 4 reports on evaluations of the outcomes that are used by researchers in PPH trials. In the 121 studies evaluated, there was a huge diversity in choosing the outcomes (PPH prevention). The most common was ‘Incidence of PPH ≥ 500 mls’, which was mentioned in 21% (25/121) of trials.…

Subjects/Keywords: 618.5; RG Gynecology and obstetrics

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Aflaifel, N. (2015). Postpartum haemorrhage : new insights from published trials and the development of novel management options. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Liverpool. Retrieved from http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/2015019/ ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.664449

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Aflaifel, Nasreen. “Postpartum haemorrhage : new insights from published trials and the development of novel management options.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Liverpool. Accessed April 19, 2021. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/2015019/ ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.664449.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Aflaifel, Nasreen. “Postpartum haemorrhage : new insights from published trials and the development of novel management options.” 2015. Web. 19 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Aflaifel N. Postpartum haemorrhage : new insights from published trials and the development of novel management options. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Liverpool; 2015. [cited 2021 Apr 19]. Available from: http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/2015019/ ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.664449.

Council of Science Editors:

Aflaifel N. Postpartum haemorrhage : new insights from published trials and the development of novel management options. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Liverpool; 2015. Available from: http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/2015019/ ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.664449

University of Glasgow

21. Onyiaodike, Christopher C. A study of metabolic and inflammatory pathways throughout gestation.

Degree: PhD, 2014, University of Glasgow

URL: http://theses.gla.ac.uk/4979/ ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.601567

► The effect of metabolic and inflammatory parameters on pregnancy success in terms of implantation, metabolic adaptation to pregnancy and fetal programming is yet to be… (more)

▼ The effect of metabolic and inflammatory parameters on pregnancy success in terms of implantation, metabolic adaptation to pregnancy and fetal programming is yet to be fully understood. This thesis explores the activity of metabolic and inflammatory pathways in pregnancy, highlighting their importance throughout gestation. In a cell culture study, a model of in vivo blastocyst-uterine adhesion to study the effect of insulin during uterine implantation was explored. JAR spheroid-RL95-2 monolayer adhesion reached 98% by 24 hours in the absence of insulin. A low dose (0.03nM) of added insulin concentrations resulted in 26% adhesion, or 74% inhibition; a high level (0.24nM) inhibited the JAR spheroid-RL95-2 monolayer adhesion by 9%. Therefore insulin did not have a dose-dependent on JAR spheroid-RL95-2 monolayer adhesion in the cell culture model of implantation. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) studies revealed laminin α1 RNA detection on JAR cells only, CD44 on RL95-2 cells only, no trophinin on both cell types, FBLN-1 and -2 on JAR and FBLN-1 on RL95-2 cells only and an insulin receptor in both cell types. Western blot and immunohistochemistry (IHC) studies showed laminin α1 detection and stains on the JAR cell extracellular matrix. In a prospective human study, the metabolites of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism and inflammatory mediators very early (between day 0 and day 45) in gestation and their link to successful pregnancy in women undergoing natural cycle frozen embryo transfer (FET) in assisted conception, was investigated. Plasma triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), glucose, c-reactive protein (CRP) and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) were measured on routine biochemistry; insulin, interleukin (IL)-6, plasminogen activated inhibitor (PAI)-1 and PAI-2 on ELISA; IL-8 (CXCL8), CCL2, CCL3, CCL4 and CCL11 on BioPlex; and human chronic gonadotrophin (hCG) on an Immulite system. For all 196 FET cycles, participants' demographics and plasma parameters of pregnant (n=36) and non-pregnant (n=106) women were explored. Neither obesity, the plasma parameters nor insulin resistance were predictive of successful pregnancy, but ICSI (predominately associated with male factor infertility) was. Overall, the hCG, insulin, rebound TG and HDL-C (except TC), homeostasis model assessment (HOMA), CRP and PAI-2 levels were higher, whereas CXCL8, CCL2, CCL11 and PAI-1 were significantly lower by day 45. Baseline obesity related to positive changes in plasma insulin, HDL-C and HOMA and negative changes in CXCL8, CCL3 and CCL4. In a cross-sectional study in late pregnancy, offspring's reflection of parameters in women with preeclampsia (PE) (n=29) and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) (n=14), compared to BMI-matched healthy groups (n=87) and (n=42), respectively, was explored. Fetal cord was found to be hyperlipidaemic, normoglycaemic and had reduced inflammatory response, while mothers who suffered PE had altered plasma TG, TC, NEFA, glucose, leptin and IL-10 compared to…

Subjects/Keywords: 612.6; RG Gynecology and obstetrics

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APA (6^th Edition):

Onyiaodike, C. C. (2014). A study of metabolic and inflammatory pathways throughout gestation. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Glasgow. Retrieved from http://theses.gla.ac.uk/4979/ ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.601567

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Onyiaodike, Christopher C. “A study of metabolic and inflammatory pathways throughout gestation.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Glasgow. Accessed April 19, 2021. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/4979/ ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.601567.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Onyiaodike, Christopher C. “A study of metabolic and inflammatory pathways throughout gestation.” 2014. Web. 19 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Onyiaodike CC. A study of metabolic and inflammatory pathways throughout gestation. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Glasgow; 2014. [cited 2021 Apr 19]. Available from: http://theses.gla.ac.uk/4979/ ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.601567.

Council of Science Editors:

Onyiaodike CC. A study of metabolic and inflammatory pathways throughout gestation. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Glasgow; 2014. Available from: http://theses.gla.ac.uk/4979/ ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.601567

University of Glasgow

22. Sassarini, Jenifer. Investigating the aetiology of hot flushing in postmenopausal women and hypogonadal men.

Degree: PhD, 2013, University of Glasgow

URL: http://theses.gla.ac.uk/5436/ ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.616366

► Hot flushes are the most commonly reported symptom in postmenopausal women, occurring in approximately 73% of women and causing significant morbidity in 25%, affecting social… (more)

▼ Hot flushes are the most commonly reported symptom in postmenopausal women, occurring in approximately 73% of women and causing significant morbidity in 25%, affecting social life and even the ability to work. With improved healthcare and increased life expectancy (death rates decreased by 19% in the last 10 years), women spend a considerable proportion of their lives (30 years on average) in the menopause. At present 36% of the women in the UK are over 50 years of age. If left untreated, hot flushes resolve within one year, or less, in the majority of postmenopausal women. A third will report symptoms that last up to 5 years after natural menopause, and in 20% hot flushes persist for up to 15 years. This equates to as many as 1.5 million women in the UK. Despite this the mechanism of flushing is still poorly understood. A hot flush resembles a heat dissipation response, in that both are characterised by sweating and peripheral vasodilation. It follows that the underlying mechanism may involve some dysfunction in thermoregulation, which in humans is controlled by the medial preoptic area of the hypothalamus (MPOA), and effectors include cutaneous vessels for vasodilation and vasoconstriction. Therefore a dysfunction in thermoregulation may lie within the control centre (MPOA), its messengers (adrenergic neurones controlling vasoconstriction and cholinergic neurones controlling vasodilation) or the effectors (cutaneous vessels). Studies by Freedman et al, using an ultrasensitive temperature probe, suggest that hot flushes are triggered by small elevations in core body temperature (Tc) acting within a narrowed thermoneutral zone, mainly due to a lowering of the sweating threshold, in symptomatic postmenopausal women. However, the trigger remains unknown. Oestrogen is likely involved as these changes occur at times of relative oestrogen withdrawal; however, there is little correlation between hot flushes and circulating oestrogen levels. This suggests that other mechanisms are involved. Noradrenaline is thought to be the primary neurotransmitter responsible for lowering the thermoregulatory set point and triggering hot flushes. Animal studies have shown that intrahypothalamic injection of noradrenaline acts to narrow the thermoregulatory zone and hot flushes can be provoked in symptomatic postmenopausal women with the α2-adrenergic antagonist yohimbine, and ameliorated with clonidine, an α-adrenergic agonist. Furthermore, clonidine has been shown to widen the thermoregulatory zone in humans. Serotonin or 5-hydroxytriptamine (5-HT) is involved in many bodily functions including mood, anxiety, sleep, sexual behaviour and eating, and is thought to play a key role in thermoregulation. Oestrogen withdrawal is associated with decreased blood serotonin levels, which is returned to normal with oestrogen therapy. Furthermore, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI), designed to increase the available serotonin at the serotonergic synapse, have been shown in placebo-controlled trials to be effective in reducing the number…

Subjects/Keywords: 618.1; RG Gynecology and obstetrics

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APA (6^th Edition):

Sassarini, J. (2013). Investigating the aetiology of hot flushing in postmenopausal women and hypogonadal men. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Glasgow. Retrieved from http://theses.gla.ac.uk/5436/ ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.616366

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Sassarini, Jenifer. “Investigating the aetiology of hot flushing in postmenopausal women and hypogonadal men.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Glasgow. Accessed April 19, 2021. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/5436/ ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.616366.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Sassarini, Jenifer. “Investigating the aetiology of hot flushing in postmenopausal women and hypogonadal men.” 2013. Web. 19 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Sassarini J. Investigating the aetiology of hot flushing in postmenopausal women and hypogonadal men. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Glasgow; 2013. [cited 2021 Apr 19]. Available from: http://theses.gla.ac.uk/5436/ ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.616366.

Council of Science Editors:

Sassarini J. Investigating the aetiology of hot flushing in postmenopausal women and hypogonadal men. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Glasgow; 2013. Available from: http://theses.gla.ac.uk/5436/ ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.616366

23. Baxter, J. Listening to women after birth : their perceptions of postnatal support and the potential value of having a postnatal debriefing session with a midwife.

Degree: PhD, 2017, City, University of London

URL: https://openaccess.city.ac.uk/id/eprint/17911/ ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.720945

► This thesis examines women’s experiences of postnatal care in hospital and on postnatal debriefing. The objectives were to determine what postnatal debriefing is; to understand… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: 618.6; RG Gynecology and obstetrics

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APA (6^th Edition):

Baxter, J. (2017). Listening to women after birth : their perceptions of postnatal support and the potential value of having a postnatal debriefing session with a midwife. (Doctoral Dissertation). City, University of London. Retrieved from https://openaccess.city.ac.uk/id/eprint/17911/ ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.720945

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Baxter, J. “Listening to women after birth : their perceptions of postnatal support and the potential value of having a postnatal debriefing session with a midwife.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, City, University of London. Accessed April 19, 2021. https://openaccess.city.ac.uk/id/eprint/17911/ ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.720945.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Baxter, J. “Listening to women after birth : their perceptions of postnatal support and the potential value of having a postnatal debriefing session with a midwife.” 2017. Web. 19 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Baxter J. Listening to women after birth : their perceptions of postnatal support and the potential value of having a postnatal debriefing session with a midwife. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. City, University of London; 2017. [cited 2021 Apr 19]. Available from: https://openaccess.city.ac.uk/id/eprint/17911/ ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.720945.

Council of Science Editors:

Baxter J. Listening to women after birth : their perceptions of postnatal support and the potential value of having a postnatal debriefing session with a midwife. [Doctoral Dissertation]. City, University of London; 2017. Available from: https://openaccess.city.ac.uk/id/eprint/17911/ ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.720945

Cardiff University

24. McNamara, Gráinne. In utero adversity and later life behavioural disorders : the role of Cdkn1c.

Degree: PhD, 2014, Cardiff University

URL: http://orca.cf.ac.uk/69702/ ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.637113

► Genes that are imprinted are subject to a developmentally determined epigenetic marking, which restricts expression to a single allele, dependant on the parent of origin.… (more)

▼ Genes that are imprinted are subject to a developmentally determined epigenetic marking, which restricts expression to a single allele, dependant on the parent of origin. Selection of imprinted genes for monoallelic expression indicates their function is highly dosage sensitive. Altered dosage of imprinted genes has been linked to a number of neurological conditions, including psychosis. Cdkn1c is an example of an imprinted gene whose expression is sensitive to the in utero environment. Considerable development of the nervous system takes place in utero and suboptimal pregnancies have been linked to the occurrence of psychiatric and other behavioural disorders in adults. One mechanism through which the maternal environment may impact foetal development is by altering the epigenetic regulation of vulnerable genes. A prenatal low protein or high fat diet resulted in alterations in a subset of imprinted gene in the brains of the offspring at E18.5. This was accompanied by sexually dimorphic changes in the dopaminergic system. Previously published findings reporting sensitivity of Cdkn1c to a prenatal low protein diet were replicated with a 1.8 fold increase in neural Cdkn1c expression observed. This was shown to be due to a change in the parental contribution to expression levels of this gene. Modelling the specific alteration of an increase in Cdkn1c genetically (Cdkn1cBACx1 line) revealed anhedonia, but with an increased motivational drive, towards a palatable solution, with corresponding changes in the reward system responsivity and chemistry in the adult brain. Additionally presence of a Cdkn1cBACx1 animal in a group destabilised the social hierarchy, negatively effecting fitness of all group members. An adverse inutero environment increases Cdkn1c levels to those reminiscent of the genetic ‘loss of imprinting’ model. Such alteration in expression of Cdkn1c has significant consequences for adult neurochemistry, reward processing and the social environment and fitness of the group. This work suggests a potentially crucial role, of at least Cdkn1c, and perhaps imprinted genes more generally, in mediating the negative consequences of an adverse in utero environment.

Subjects/Keywords: 616.8; RG Gynecology and obstetrics

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APA (6^th Edition):

McNamara, G. (2014). In utero adversity and later life behavioural disorders : the role of Cdkn1c. (Doctoral Dissertation). Cardiff University. Retrieved from http://orca.cf.ac.uk/69702/ ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.637113

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

McNamara, Gráinne. “In utero adversity and later life behavioural disorders : the role of Cdkn1c.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, Cardiff University. Accessed April 19, 2021. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/69702/ ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.637113.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

McNamara, Gráinne. “In utero adversity and later life behavioural disorders : the role of Cdkn1c.” 2014. Web. 19 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

McNamara G. In utero adversity and later life behavioural disorders : the role of Cdkn1c. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Cardiff University; 2014. [cited 2021 Apr 19]. Available from: http://orca.cf.ac.uk/69702/ ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.637113.

Council of Science Editors:

McNamara G. In utero adversity and later life behavioural disorders : the role of Cdkn1c. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Cardiff University; 2014. Available from: http://orca.cf.ac.uk/69702/ ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.637113

25. Shahani, Sahib. A study of functional markers in raw and processed bovine sperm and their potential uses for fertility prediction and process refinement.

Degree: PhD, 2012, University of Liverpool

URL: http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/8753/ ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.592770

► The extensive assessment of bull’s reproductive potential prior to breeding is highly important and includes examination of general physical soundness, external and internal genitalia and… (more)

▼ The extensive assessment of bull’s reproductive potential prior to breeding is highly important and includes examination of general physical soundness, external and internal genitalia and semen quality. Breeding success depends on the efficient use of bulls with high breeding value but simultaneously semen quality imposes restrictions on the use of these bulls in AI. Several techniques have been devised to assess quality of either fresh or frozen-thawed semen. Among a variety of traditional parameters sperm concentration, sperm raw and post-thaw motility and sperm morphology are commonly used for routine semen assessment in the laboratory. In this study, we investigated differences in sperm metabolic activity relative to their motility that may reflect better the fertility of bulls from their non-return rates (NRRs). To investigate the relationship between mid-piece length and fertility of bovine spermatozoa, sperm biometry was performed on ejaculates obtained from 34 bulls representing six breeds: Holstein (yearlings and mature), Friesian, Belgian Blue, Aberdeen Angus, Charolais and Limousin. Significant differences (P<0.01) between ejaculates were found in 9/34 bulls, as well as differences (P<0.001) between individual bulls within the same breed. The average mid-piece length for Aberdeen Angus was 13.35μm, for Belgian Blues and Limousin around 13.8μm, and for Charolais 13.68μm: for dairy breeds (Holstein and Friesian) it was about 13.4μm. The mean value of mid-piece length for breed was compared with their 49 day non-return rate; a negative correlation was found in the dairy breeds, while in bulls from beef breeds this correlation was positive but very low: the small numbers of bulls involved prevented meaningful statistical relationships being established. To differentiate live and dead sperm and non-sperm-specific particles, a flow cytometry method was developed by labelling sperm with JC-1 and propidium iodide (PI) dyes and to determine maximum mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) at minimum incubation. This method entailed setting regional and logical gates to exclude dead sperm and other non-cellular components from live sperm present within an ejaculate. It was confirmed that spermatozoa of both fresh and frozen-thawed semen exhibited maximum high:low ΔΨm ratio after 40 min incubation. Flow cytometric dot plots of analyses of fresh and frozen-thawed spermatozoa incubated with JC-1 could identify a unified sperm population of membrane-intact cells, each population characterised by both low and high ΔΨm but to varying degrees suggesting that this flow cytometric method simplifies the determination of mitochondrial membrane potential using JC-1. This method serves two purposes: using this method, one could able to evaluate sperm ΔΨm as well as the proportion of live:dead. Changes in mitochondrial structure and integrity appear to be an important component associated with sperm motility and reduced fertility. The ΔΨm was assessed using JC-1 and PI in the presence of glycolytic and respiratory inhibitors. Mean…

Subjects/Keywords: 618; RG Gynecology and obstetrics

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Shahani, S. (2012). A study of functional markers in raw and processed bovine sperm and their potential uses for fertility prediction and process refinement. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Liverpool. Retrieved from http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/8753/ ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.592770

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Shahani, Sahib. “A study of functional markers in raw and processed bovine sperm and their potential uses for fertility prediction and process refinement.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Liverpool. Accessed April 19, 2021. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/8753/ ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.592770.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Shahani, Sahib. “A study of functional markers in raw and processed bovine sperm and their potential uses for fertility prediction and process refinement.” 2012. Web. 19 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Shahani S. A study of functional markers in raw and processed bovine sperm and their potential uses for fertility prediction and process refinement. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Liverpool; 2012. [cited 2021 Apr 19]. Available from: http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/8753/ ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.592770.

Council of Science Editors:

Shahani S. A study of functional markers in raw and processed bovine sperm and their potential uses for fertility prediction and process refinement. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Liverpool; 2012. Available from: http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/8753/ ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.592770

26. Ramaswamy, Seshadri. Pancreatic and adrenal development and function in an ovine model of polycystic ovary syndrome.

Degree: PhD, 2015, Edinburgh Napier University

URL: http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/9826 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.684059

► Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a complex disorder encompassing reproductive and metabolic dysfunction. Ovarian hyperandrogenism is an endocrine hallmark of human PCOS. In animal models,… (more)

▼ Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a complex disorder encompassing reproductive and metabolic dysfunction. Ovarian hyperandrogenism is an endocrine hallmark of human PCOS. In animal models, PCOS-like abnormalities can be recreated by in utero over-exposure to androgenic steroid hormones. This thesis investigated pancreatic and adrenal development and function in a unique model of PCOS. Fetal sheep were directly exposed (day 62 and day 82 of gestation) to steroidal excesses - androgen excess (testosterone propionate - TP), estrogen excess (diethylstilbestrol - DES) or glucocorticoid excess (dexamethasone - DEX). At d90 gestation there was elevated expression of genes involved in β- cell development and function: PDX-1 (P < 0.001), and INS (P < 0.05), INSR (P < 0.05) driven by androgenic excess only in the female fetal pancreas. β- cell numbers (P < 0.001) and in vitro insulin secretion (P < 0.05) were also elevated in androgen exposed female fetuses. There was a significant increase in insulin secreting β-cell numbers (P < 0.001) and in vivo insulin secretion (glucose stimulated) (P < 0.01) in adult female offspring, specifically associated with prenatal androgen excess. At d90 gestation, female fetal adrenal gene expression was perturbed by fetal estrogenic exposure. Male fetal adrenal gene expression was altered more dramatically by fetal glucocorticoid exposure. In female adult offspring from androgen exposed pregnancies there was increased adrenal steroidogenic gene expression and in vivo testosterone secretion (P < 0.01). This highlights that the adrenal glands may contribute towards excess androgen secretion in PCOS, but such effects might be secondary to other metabolic alterations driven by prenatal androgen exposure, such as excess insulin secretion. Thus there may be dialogue between the pancreas and adrenal gland, programmed during early life, with implications for adult health Given both hyperinsulinaemia and hyperandrogenism are common features in PCOS, we suggest that their origins may be at least partially due to altered fetal steroidal environments, specifically excess androgenic stimulation.

Subjects/Keywords: 618.1; RG Gynecology and obstetrics

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Ramaswamy, S. (2015). Pancreatic and adrenal development and function in an ovine model of polycystic ovary syndrome. (Doctoral Dissertation). Edinburgh Napier University. Retrieved from http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/9826 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.684059

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Ramaswamy, Seshadri. “Pancreatic and adrenal development and function in an ovine model of polycystic ovary syndrome.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, Edinburgh Napier University. Accessed April 19, 2021. http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/9826 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.684059.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Ramaswamy, Seshadri. “Pancreatic and adrenal development and function in an ovine model of polycystic ovary syndrome.” 2015. Web. 19 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Ramaswamy S. Pancreatic and adrenal development and function in an ovine model of polycystic ovary syndrome. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Edinburgh Napier University; 2015. [cited 2021 Apr 19]. Available from: http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/9826 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.684059.

Council of Science Editors:

Ramaswamy S. Pancreatic and adrenal development and function in an ovine model of polycystic ovary syndrome. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Edinburgh Napier University; 2015. Available from: http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/9826 ; https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.684059

University of Glasgow

27. Huda, Shahzya Shahnaz. Metabolic pathways in normal and pre-eclamptic pregnancies.

Degree: Thesis (M.D.), 2011, University of Glasgow

URL: http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2537/ ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.559909

► Maternal metabolism undergoes dramatic changes in pregnancy in order to sustain and nourish the developing fetus. During healthy pregnancy the mother goes from an anabolic… (more)

▼ Maternal metabolism undergoes dramatic changes in pregnancy in order to sustain and nourish the developing fetus. During healthy pregnancy the mother goes from an anabolic state in early pregnancy to a state of catabolism in late pregnancy with increased lipolysis together with a significant reduction in insulin sensitivity. Pre-eclampsia (PE) characterised by hypertension and proteinuria is a major cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity. There is acute ‘atherosis’ in PE placenta, and lipid accumulation within glomerular cells and liver. PE women have an early, excessive triglyceride and free fatty acid (FFA) rise and greater cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in later life. The cause of these lipid abnormalities in PE is unknown but disordered adipocyte function including exaggerated lipolysis and aberrant release of adipokines (such as IL-6 and TNF alpha) is a major candidate pathway. Elevations in FFAs, and pro-inflammatory adipokines could underpin the oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and insulin resistance - characteristic features of PE. The aims of this thesis were to acquire a better understanding of lipid metabolism and function in normal pregnancy, to determine if adipocyte function was altered in PE and, if so, to establish mechanisms. In addition I planned to corroborate epidemiological evidence of increased future CVD risk and to establish which risk factors accounted for this increased risk. I collected subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) biopsies in non-labouring pregnant healthy (n=31) and PE (n=14) women who underwent caesarean section. Maternal blood was collected prior to delivery and phenotyping of the mother was performed including plasma assay for cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, IL-6, TNF-α, leptin, adiponectin, high sensitivity CRP, glucose and insulin concentrations. Maternal BMI at booking, standardised blood pressure measurements and birth weight centile were also recorded. I determined ex vivo lipolytic activity (basal, isoprotenerol stimulated and insulin suppression of lipolysis) and adipokine production in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation from these biopsies. The gene expression of relevant target genes and macrophage densities in each adipose depot by immunocytochemistry (ICC) was also performed. In addition I performed carotid ultrasound assessment of women with a previous history of PE (n=31) and matched controls (n=29). Ethical approval was obtained from Glasgow Royal Infirmary LREC and all patients gave their informed consent. I found that in normal pregnancy, adipocyte lipolytic function is independent of maternal BMI. Adipocyte lipolytic function of SAT and VAT are also independent of each other. Adipose tissue is very metabolically flexible and the rate of whole body lipolysis is still insulin sensitive in late gestation. VAT is more closely related to markers of maternal insulin resistance (IR) and is more sensitive to catecholamine stimulation and less sensitive to insulin suppression of…

Subjects/Keywords: 618; RG Gynecology and obstetrics

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Huda, S. S. (2011). Metabolic pathways in normal and pre-eclamptic pregnancies. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Glasgow. Retrieved from http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2537/ ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.559909

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Huda, Shahzya Shahnaz. “Metabolic pathways in normal and pre-eclamptic pregnancies.” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Glasgow. Accessed April 19, 2021. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2537/ ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.559909.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Huda, Shahzya Shahnaz. “Metabolic pathways in normal and pre-eclamptic pregnancies.” 2011. Web. 19 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Huda SS. Metabolic pathways in normal and pre-eclamptic pregnancies. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Glasgow; 2011. [cited 2021 Apr 19]. Available from: http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2537/ ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.559909.

Council of Science Editors:

Huda SS. Metabolic pathways in normal and pre-eclamptic pregnancies. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Glasgow; 2011. Available from: http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2537/ ; http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.559909

University of Glasgow

28. Hamoodi, Ibraheem. Investigating the effect of uterine artery embolisation on the uterus of women with fibroids and heavy menstrual bleeding.

Degree: 2017, University of Glasgow

URL: http://theses.gla.ac.uk/8114/

► Uterine fibroids are common benign tumours in women. The effect they have can range from pressure symptoms and heavy menstrual bleeding to denying a woman… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: RG Gynecology and obstetrics

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APA (6^th Edition):

Hamoodi, I. (2017). Investigating the effect of uterine artery embolisation on the uterus of women with fibroids and heavy menstrual bleeding. (Thesis). University of Glasgow. Retrieved from http://theses.gla.ac.uk/8114/

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Hamoodi, Ibraheem. “Investigating the effect of uterine artery embolisation on the uterus of women with fibroids and heavy menstrual bleeding.” 2017. Thesis, University of Glasgow. Accessed April 19, 2021. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/8114/.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Hamoodi, Ibraheem. “Investigating the effect of uterine artery embolisation on the uterus of women with fibroids and heavy menstrual bleeding.” 2017. Web. 19 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Hamoodi I. Investigating the effect of uterine artery embolisation on the uterus of women with fibroids and heavy menstrual bleeding. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Glasgow; 2017. [cited 2021 Apr 19]. Available from: http://theses.gla.ac.uk/8114/.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Hamoodi I. Investigating the effect of uterine artery embolisation on the uterus of women with fibroids and heavy menstrual bleeding. [Thesis]. University of Glasgow; 2017. Available from: http://theses.gla.ac.uk/8114/

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Glasgow

29. Brown, Catriona Elizabeth. Assessment of cardiovascular risk in women with a history of pre-eclampsia.

Degree: PhD, 2018, University of Glasgow

URL: http://theses.gla.ac.uk/9129/

► Pre-eclampsia is an important and serious condition affecting 2-8% of pregnancies worldwide and carries with it significant associated risk of morbidity and mortality for both… (more)

▼ Pre-eclampsia is an important and serious condition affecting 2-8% of pregnancies worldwide and carries with it significant associated risk of morbidity and mortality for both mother and child. It is characterised by new onset hypertension after the 20th week of gestation with accompanying proteinuria. Resolution of symptoms should occur following delivery. Several pathophysiological mechanisms are common to both pre-eclampsia and cardiovascular disease, and the link between pre-eclampsia and cardiovascular disease later in life has been established. While the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of pre-eclampsia are complex, endothelial dysfunction is a key component. Increased arterial stiffness and hypertension have also been documented. Endothelial dysfunction has been shown to extend beyond childbirth, into the postpartum period. Studies evaluating endothelial dysfunction at even longer time-points following an affected pregnancy have produced conflicting results. Results from biomarker studies have supported the concept of endothelial dysfunction throughout pregnancy and the postpartum period, but as more time elapses between index pregnancy and biomarker sampling, these results also vary. Cardiac imaging and electrocardiographic studies have also contributed to knowledge about the normal physiology of pregnancy and changes which are associated with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy during pregnancy, the postpartum period and beyond. The main focus of this thesis was to investigate the possible mechanisms behind the link between pre-eclampsia and future cardiovascular disease. The aim was to investigate women who were free from cardiovascular disease for any evidence of subclinical vascular damage long-term following a pre-eclamptic pregnancy. Overall women recruited to this study would be older than women who participated in the majority of previously published studies on this theme. Before embarking on the investigation of subclinical vascular damage in women with a history of pre-eclampsia, a link was confirmed between a history of pre-eclampsia and cardiovascular disease up to 30 years from time of index pregnancy. This was accomplished using record-linkage in a large Scottish cohort; the Generation Scotland Family Health Study (GS:SFHS). Following on from this, ECGs available in women with and without a remote history of pre-eclampsia in the GS:SFHS cohort were assessed for any obvious differences. There was a more leftward shift in the QRS-axis in these women and a trend towards a longer corrected QT interval (QTc) which approached statistical significance, but after adjusting for other co-variates, pre-eclampsia did not independently predict QTc. Investigations for subclinical vascular damage were carried out by means of non-invasive vascular function studies in women recruited from three different cohorts (blood pressure clinics, GS:SFHS and the previous Proteomics in Pre-eclampsia (PIP) study of women during pregnancy). Time since index pregnancy varied between 1-30 years. Flow-mediated…

Subjects/Keywords: RG Gynecology and obstetrics

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Brown, C. E. (2018). Assessment of cardiovascular risk in women with a history of pre-eclampsia. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Glasgow. Retrieved from http://theses.gla.ac.uk/9129/

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Brown, Catriona Elizabeth. “Assessment of cardiovascular risk in women with a history of pre-eclampsia.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Glasgow. Accessed April 19, 2021. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/9129/.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Brown, Catriona Elizabeth. “Assessment of cardiovascular risk in women with a history of pre-eclampsia.” 2018. Web. 19 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Brown CE. Assessment of cardiovascular risk in women with a history of pre-eclampsia. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Glasgow; 2018. [cited 2021 Apr 19]. Available from: http://theses.gla.ac.uk/9129/.

Council of Science Editors:

Brown CE. Assessment of cardiovascular risk in women with a history of pre-eclampsia. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Glasgow; 2018. Available from: http://theses.gla.ac.uk/9129/

University of Glasgow

30. Huda, Shahzya Shahnaz. Metabolic pathways in normal and pre-eclamptic pregnancies.

Degree: 2011, University of Glasgow

URL: http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2537/

► Maternal metabolism undergoes dramatic changes in pregnancy in order to sustain and nourish the developing fetus. During healthy pregnancy the mother goes from an anabolic… (more)

▼ Maternal metabolism undergoes dramatic changes in pregnancy in order to sustain and nourish the developing fetus. During healthy pregnancy the mother goes from an anabolic state in early pregnancy to a state of catabolism in late pregnancy with increased lipolysis together with a significant reduction in insulin sensitivity. Pre-eclampsia (PE) characterised by hypertension and proteinuria is a major cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity. There is acute ‘atherosis’ in PE placenta, and lipid accumulation within glomerular cells and liver. PE women have an early, excessive triglyceride and free fatty acid (FFA) rise and greater cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in later life. The cause of these lipid abnormalities in PE is unknown but disordered adipocyte function including exaggerated lipolysis and aberrant release of adipokines (such as IL-6 and TNF alpha) is a major candidate pathway. Elevations in FFAs, and pro-inflammatory adipokines could underpin the oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and insulin resistance - characteristic features of PE. The aims of this thesis were to acquire a better understanding of lipid metabolism and function in normal pregnancy, to determine if adipocyte function was altered in PE and, if so, to establish mechanisms. In addition I planned to corroborate epidemiological evidence of increased future CVD risk and to establish which risk factors accounted for this increased risk. I collected subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) biopsies in non-labouring pregnant healthy (n=31) and PE (n=14) women who underwent caesarean section. Maternal blood was collected prior to delivery and phenotyping of the mother was performed including plasma assay for cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, IL-6, TNF-α, leptin, adiponectin, high sensitivity CRP, glucose and insulin concentrations. Maternal BMI at booking, standardised blood pressure measurements and birth weight centile were also recorded. I determined ex vivo lipolytic activity (basal, isoprotenerol stimulated and insulin suppression of lipolysis) and adipokine production in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation from these biopsies. The gene expression of relevant target genes and macrophage densities in each adipose depot by immunocytochemistry (ICC) was also performed. In addition I performed carotid ultrasound assessment of women with a previous history of PE (n=31) and matched controls (n=29). Ethical approval was obtained from Glasgow Royal Infirmary LREC and all patients gave their informed consent. I found that in normal pregnancy, adipocyte lipolytic function is independent of maternal BMI. Adipocyte lipolytic function of SAT and VAT are also independent of each other. Adipose tissue is very metabolically flexible and the rate of whole body lipolysis is still insulin sensitive in late gestation. VAT is more closely related to markers of maternal insulin resistance (IR) and is more sensitive to catecholamine stimulation and less sensitive to insulin suppression…

Subjects/Keywords: RG Gynecology and obstetrics

Record Details Similar Records Cite « Share

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Huda, S. S. (2011). Metabolic pathways in normal and pre-eclamptic pregnancies. (Thesis). University of Glasgow. Retrieved from http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2537/

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Huda, Shahzya Shahnaz. “Metabolic pathways in normal and pre-eclamptic pregnancies.” 2011. Thesis, University of Glasgow. Accessed April 19, 2021. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2537/.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Huda, Shahzya Shahnaz. “Metabolic pathways in normal and pre-eclamptic pregnancies.” 2011. Web. 19 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Huda SS. Metabolic pathways in normal and pre-eclamptic pregnancies. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Glasgow; 2011. [cited 2021 Apr 19]. Available from: http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2537/.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Huda SS. Metabolic pathways in normal and pre-eclamptic pregnancies. [Thesis]. University of Glasgow; 2011. Available from: http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2537/

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

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