You searched for subject:( Environmental economics).
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University of California, San Diego
1.
Steiner, Christopher Paul.
Three essays in applied microeconomics.
Degree: 2015, University of California, San Diego
URL: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3709661 
► These three essays investigate three different cases where naïve good intentions – policy or econometric – actually lead to suboptimal policy or measurement outcomes.…
(more)
▼ These three essays investigate three different cases where naïve good intentions – policy or econometric – actually lead to suboptimal policy or measurement outcomes. In the first chapter, James Hilger and I investigate bias in the commercial passenger fishing vessel (CPFV) industry when a naïve researcher estimates willingness to pay estimates (WTP), derived from random utility models (RUM), in the context of vessel sellouts. Using incorrectly estimated WTP measures may lead to undervaluation of natural resources. In the second essay, Richard Carson, Melissa Famulari, and I simulate a university with a benevolent higher level administrator who wants to keep per-student funding roughly the same, or same with adjustment for preferences, across the university in a CES-style fashion. If students also prefer to major in departments with high per-student funding, these two goals are in conflict and necessitate the higher-level administrator to lower per-student funding for popular departments. Using data from UCSD, we find that departments with large numbers of students are less expensive per degree, have higher modified student-to-faculty ratios, and graduate students sooner than other departments. In the third essay, I investigate the transition from methyl tertiary-buthyl ether- (MTBE-) enhanced to ethanol-enhanced (E-10) fuel in the Northeastern United States. Using a complicated set of phase-ins and phase-outs, I use difference-in-difference estimation to show that ambient acetaldehyde pollution substantially increased in percentage terms because of E-10 – although this is a small level increase, since the level of acetaldehyde is low in the area. Using a stylized calculation based on cancer risk still shows damages of this pollution are levels of magnitude lower than the billion dollar water pollution cleanup costs from MTBE additive.
Subjects/Keywords: Environmental economics; Economics
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APA (6th Edition):
Steiner, C. P. (2015). Three essays in applied microeconomics. (Thesis). University of California, San Diego. Retrieved from http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3709661
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Steiner, Christopher Paul. “Three essays in applied microeconomics.” 2015. Thesis, University of California, San Diego. Accessed September 22, 2019.
http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3709661.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Steiner, Christopher Paul. “Three essays in applied microeconomics.” 2015. Web. 22 Sep 2019.
Vancouver:
Steiner CP. Three essays in applied microeconomics. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of California, San Diego; 2015. [cited 2019 Sep 22].
Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3709661.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Steiner CP. Three essays in applied microeconomics. [Thesis]. University of California, San Diego; 2015. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3709661
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of California – Berkeley
2.
Chong, Howard G.
Three Essays on Environmental and Development Economics.
Degree: Agricultural & Resource Economics, 2011, University of California – Berkeley
URL: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/6z11b8dr
► This dissertation emcompasses three empirical studies in environmental and development economics. In Chapter 1, I study whether electricity use in newer or older residential buildings…
(more)
▼ This dissertation emcompasses three empirical studies in environmental and development economics. In Chapter 1, I study whether electricity use in newer or older residential buildings rises more in response to high temperature in a region of Southern California. Peak electricity demand occurs at the highest temperatures which are predicted to increase due to climate change. Understanding how newer buildings differ from older buildings improves forecasts of how peak electricity use will grow over time. Newer buildings are subject to stricter building energy codes, but are larger and more likely to have air conditioning; hence, the cumulative effect is ambiguous. This paper combines four large datasets of building and household characteristics, weather data, and utility data to estimate the electricity-temperature response of different building vintages. Estimation results show that new buildings (1970-2000) have a statistically significantly higher temperature response (i.e., use more electricity) than old buildings (pre-1970). Auxiliary regressions with controls for number of bedrooms, income, square footage, central air conditioning, ownership, and type of residential structure partially decompose the effect. Though California has had extensive energy efficiency building standards that by themselves would lower temperature response for new buildings, the cumulative effect of new buildings is an increase in temperature response. As new buildings are added, aggregate temperature response is predicted to increase.In Chapter 2, my co-authors and I investigate the effect of cap-and-trade regulation of CO2 on firm profits by performing an event study of a CO2 price crash in the EU market. We examine returns for 90 stocks from carbon intensive industries and 600 stocks in the broad EUROSTOXX index. Firms in carbon intensive, or electricity intensive industries, but not involved in international trade were most hurt by the event. This implies investors were focused on product price impacts, rather than compliance costs. We find evidence that firms' net allowance positions also strongly influenced the share price response to the decline in allowance prices. In Chapter 3, my co-authors and I measure and examine data error in health, education and income statistics used to construct the Human Development Index. We identify three sources of data error which are due to (i) data updating, (ii) formula revisions and (iii) thresholds to classify a country's development status. We propose a simple statistical framework to calculate country specific measures of data uncertainty and investigate how data error biases rank assignments. We find that up to 34% of countries are misclassified and, by replicating prior studies, we show that key estimated parameters vary by up to 100% due to data error.
Subjects/Keywords: Environmental economics; Economics
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APA (6th Edition):
Chong, H. G. (2011). Three Essays on Environmental and Development Economics. (Thesis). University of California – Berkeley. Retrieved from http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/6z11b8dr
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Chong, Howard G. “Three Essays on Environmental and Development Economics.” 2011. Thesis, University of California – Berkeley. Accessed September 22, 2019.
http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/6z11b8dr.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Chong, Howard G. “Three Essays on Environmental and Development Economics.” 2011. Web. 22 Sep 2019.
Vancouver:
Chong HG. Three Essays on Environmental and Development Economics. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of California – Berkeley; 2011. [cited 2019 Sep 22].
Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/6z11b8dr.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Chong HG. Three Essays on Environmental and Development Economics. [Thesis]. University of California – Berkeley; 2011. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/6z11b8dr
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of California – Berkeley
3.
Blonz, Joshua.
Essays in Environmental and Energy Economics.
Degree: Agricultural & Resource Economics, 2017, University of California – Berkeley
URL: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/49j7r531
► This dissertation combines research on three topics in applied Energy and Environmental Economics related to the electricity industry. In the first paper, I study the…
(more)
▼ This dissertation combines research on three topics in applied Energy and Environmental Economics related to the electricity industry. In the first paper, I study the economic welfare impact of an electricity pricing program that increases the price of electricity for small commercial and industrial customers when the cost of generation is high. The second paper explores an energy efficiency retrofit program that provides free upgrades to low-income households in California. Both of these policy interventions were a result of orders from the California Public Utilities Commission, the energy regulator in California. The final paper examines the cost of air quality regulations on employment in the coal mining sector in Appalachia. These three papers study different important aspects of the electricity sector, from upstream regulation of generation to end use pricing and consumption efficiency. In the first chapter, I study how in electricity markets, the price paid by retail customers during periods of peak demand is far below the cost of supply. This leads to overconsumption during peak periods, requiring the construction of excess generation capacity compared to first-best prices that adjust at short time intervals to reflect changing marginal cost. In this paper, I investigate a second-best policy designed to address this distortion, and compare its effectiveness to the first-best. The policy allows the electricity provider to raise retail price by a set amount (usually 3 to 5 times) during the afternoon hours of a limited number of summer days (usually 9 to 15). Using a quasi-experimental research design and high-frequency electricity consumption data, I test the extent to which small commercial and industrial establishments respond to this temporary increase in retail electricity prices. I find that establishments reduce their peak usage by 13.4% during peak hours. Using a model of capacity investment decisions, these reductions yield $154 million in welfare benefits, driven largely by reduced expenditures on power plant construction. I find the current policy provides of the first-best benefits but that, with improvements in targeting just the days with the highest demand, a modified peak pricing program could achieve 80% welfare gains relative to the first-best pricing policy.In the second chapter, I study energy efficiency retrofits programs, which are increasingly being used to both save on energy bills and as a carbon mitigation strategy. This paper evaluates the California Energy Savings Assistance program, which provides no-cost upgrades to low-income households across the state. I use quasi-experimental variation in program uptake to measure energy savings for a large portion of the treated population in the San Diego Gas & Electric service territory between 2007 and 2012. The results suggest that the overall program is ineffective at delivering energy savings and is not cost-effective. One challenge in implementing efficiency retrofit programs is that each upgrade must be customized to the housing unit…
Subjects/Keywords: Economics; Environmental economics
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Blonz, J. (2017). Essays in Environmental and Energy Economics. (Thesis). University of California – Berkeley. Retrieved from http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/49j7r531
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Blonz, Joshua. “Essays in Environmental and Energy Economics.” 2017. Thesis, University of California – Berkeley. Accessed September 22, 2019.
http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/49j7r531.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Blonz, Joshua. “Essays in Environmental and Energy Economics.” 2017. Web. 22 Sep 2019.
Vancouver:
Blonz J. Essays in Environmental and Energy Economics. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of California – Berkeley; 2017. [cited 2019 Sep 22].
Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/49j7r531.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Blonz J. Essays in Environmental and Energy Economics. [Thesis]. University of California – Berkeley; 2017. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/49j7r531
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Duke University
4.
Ma, Lala Xun.
Topics in Hedonic Valuation
.
Degree: 2014, Duke University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10161/8736
► Environmental goods such as clean air and water are integral to human quality of life. However, because these amenities are not priced, their monetary…
(more)
▼ Environmental goods such as clean air and water are integral to human quality of life. However, because these amenities are not priced, their monetary values are not directly apparent. As a result, Hedonic methods have been employed as a tool to recover household Marginal Willingness To Pay (MWTP) for these goods to inform policy-making given constrained public resources. This thesis consists of three chapters tied to the Hedonic valuation of a particular
environmental `bad,' a brownfield site. Brownfield properties are lands that cannot be used due to the presence of a low-risk, hazardous substance. The first chapter uses property value hedonics to reveal household willingness to pay for brownfield cleanup (joint work with Kevin Haninger and Christopher Timmins). We exploit variation in space and time to deal with the potential bias in estimating MWTP due to unobservable variables that are correlated with both housing prices and site cleanup. Furthermore, there has been recent work showing that if equilibrium price functions change over time, the capitalization of changes in neighborhood amenities into property values over time (e.g. brownfield cleanup) may neither represent the preferences of those living in the neighborhood before changes occurred or after. To address this, we provide a way to estimate cleanup without assuming that the hedonic price function is stable over time, an assumption that would likely be violated if site cleanup brought about significant changes to the community populations around the sites. The second chapter considers two sources of distortions in the valuation of non-marketed goods - an expectations bias and a learning bias. If consumers suspect that cleanup of a brownfield is likely before it is cleaned (expectation) or gain new information about the severity of the brownfield contamination (information), then baseline period prices need to be adjusted to account for these potential distortions to the MWTP estimate. To address this, I collect a new data set on brownfield contamination information over time from Massachusetts, and recover hedonic values from a dynamic neighborhood choice framework that allows agents to learn about brownfield hazards in a Bayesian fashion. I find a MWTP estimate of \888.38 per unit of site contamination when accounting for learning and forward-looking behavior, which is more than double the simple hedonic estimate. Furthermore, parameters from my model can be used to calculate the average value of information provided by a site assessment. The final chapter, joint work with Gabrielle Inder, examines whether different types of information about brownfield contamination capitalize into property values differently. More specifically, we estimate a property value hedonic model to test if housing prices are impacted differently if information about nearby contamination is released as a continuous measure as opposed to a binary measure (i.e. exceeding a threshold value or not). We do this by exploiting variation in contaminant…
Advisors/Committee Members: Timmins, Christopher (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Economics;
Environmental economics
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APA (6th Edition):
Ma, L. X. (2014). Topics in Hedonic Valuation
. (Thesis). Duke University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10161/8736
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Ma, Lala Xun. “Topics in Hedonic Valuation
.” 2014. Thesis, Duke University. Accessed September 22, 2019.
http://hdl.handle.net/10161/8736.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Ma, Lala Xun. “Topics in Hedonic Valuation
.” 2014. Web. 22 Sep 2019.
Vancouver:
Ma LX. Topics in Hedonic Valuation
. [Internet] [Thesis]. Duke University; 2014. [cited 2019 Sep 22].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10161/8736.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Ma LX. Topics in Hedonic Valuation
. [Thesis]. Duke University; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10161/8736
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
West Virginia University
5.
Jensen, Christa Dean.
The Three W's of Hazardous Waste: Who, Why, and Where?.
Degree: PhD, Economics, 2012, West Virginia University
URL: https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd/3573
► In the late 1960s and 1970s, amid changing attitudes about the environment and emerging sustainability concerns, countries around the world began regulating multiple aspects of…
(more)
▼ In the late 1960s and 1970s, amid changing attitudes about the environment and emerging sustainability concerns, countries around the world began regulating multiple aspects of hazardous waste. Initial regulations, and those occurring since, all share the broader goals of curbing hazardous waste generation and regulating hazardous waste trade, but with few signs of progress. Using input-output analysis and spatial interaction modeling, this dissertation analyzes various dimensions of the hazardous waste problem in the United States and the United Kingdom. The overall objective is to develop methods to answer the following questions: 1) who is generating hazardous waste; 2) why is hazardous waste being generated; and 3) where is hazardous waste going? New methods for analyzing the generation of hazardous waste, identifying the parties that are ultimately accountable for this generation, and exploring the relationships that exist within the market for hazardous waste trade are provided and successfully demonstrated. In the United States, only a few sectors of the economy are accountable for most of the direct industrial hazardous waste generation. Hazardous waste multipliers provide additional information with respect to direct, indirect, and total accountability of the different industrial generators. The results from an attribution analysis show that household consumption drives a large portion of industrial hazardous waste generation but that foreign exports are accountable for the most hazardous waste generated per million dollars of expenditure. The analysis of hazardous waste trade within the United Kingdom suggests that characteristics related to health, educational attainment, and the presence of a hazardous waste landfill are all associated with hazardous waste flows. Significant region-specific effects for both origins and destinations are also identified.
Advisors/Committee Members: Randall W. Jackson..
Subjects/Keywords: Economics; Environmental economics
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Jensen, C. D. (2012). The Three W's of Hazardous Waste: Who, Why, and Where?. (Doctoral Dissertation). West Virginia University. Retrieved from https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd/3573
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Jensen, Christa Dean. “The Three W's of Hazardous Waste: Who, Why, and Where?.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, West Virginia University. Accessed September 22, 2019.
https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd/3573.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Jensen, Christa Dean. “The Three W's of Hazardous Waste: Who, Why, and Where?.” 2012. Web. 22 Sep 2019.
Vancouver:
Jensen CD. The Three W's of Hazardous Waste: Who, Why, and Where?. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. West Virginia University; 2012. [cited 2019 Sep 22].
Available from: https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd/3573.
Council of Science Editors:
Jensen CD. The Three W's of Hazardous Waste: Who, Why, and Where?. [Doctoral Dissertation]. West Virginia University; 2012. Available from: https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd/3573
University of California – San Diego
6.
Panassie, Yann.
Essays in Environmental and Behavioral Economics.
Degree: Economics, 2018, University of California – San Diego
URL: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/8745z64b
► This dissertation studies questions in environmental economics by exploring the mechanisms through which government and private decisions interact in the transportation and housing markets. These…
(more)
▼ This dissertation studies questions in environmental economics by exploring the mechanisms through which government and private decisions interact in the transportation and housing markets. These have important environmental and distributional consequences in terms of mitigation of and adaptation to climate change. In Chapter 1, I compare new vehicle sales in the United States and Canada to determine whether updated EPA fuel economy labels introduced in 2012 succeeded in altering consumers' new vehicle purchase choices. I find small savings in gasoline consumption through a 1.5 percentage point increase in small car market shares, a corresponding decrease in SUV shares, and a 6% increase in the valuation of small SUVs' fuel economies. In Chapter 2, I study gasoline price volatility in California by estimating the gasoline price elasticity of demand for driving, and show that this parameter is both highly inelastic and likely to vary over time. Chapter 3 focuses on the impacts of hurricanes on the Florida housing market. I show that hurricanes cause an equilibrium increase in home prices and a concurrent decrease in transaction probability, lasting up to three years. With supplementary evidence from demographic trends, I conclude that the main driver of these dynamics is a negative transitory shock to the housing supply in the aftermath of hurricanes as homes recover from physical damages. I further observe that new homeowners have higher incomes, resulting in a permanent shift in the demographic composition of disaster-prone areas, and suggesting important implications about the expected costs and distributional impacts of future federal disaster relief spending.
Subjects/Keywords: Economics; Environmental economics
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Panassie, Y. (2018). Essays in Environmental and Behavioral Economics. (Thesis). University of California – San Diego. Retrieved from http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/8745z64b
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Panassie, Yann. “Essays in Environmental and Behavioral Economics.” 2018. Thesis, University of California – San Diego. Accessed September 22, 2019.
http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/8745z64b.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Panassie, Yann. “Essays in Environmental and Behavioral Economics.” 2018. Web. 22 Sep 2019.
Vancouver:
Panassie Y. Essays in Environmental and Behavioral Economics. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of California – San Diego; 2018. [cited 2019 Sep 22].
Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/8745z64b.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Panassie Y. Essays in Environmental and Behavioral Economics. [Thesis]. University of California – San Diego; 2018. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/8745z64b
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
7.
Behnke, Drew.
Advances in the Climate-Economy Literature: The Impact of Weather on Homicide, Deforestation, and Mortality.
Degree: 2017, University of California – eScholarship, University of California
URL: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/4jw2b4fq
► My dissertation considers the role of weather on a variety of economic outcomes, including homicide, deforestation, and mortality. In chapter 1, in order to better…
(more)
▼ My dissertation considers the role of weather on a variety of economic outcomes, including homicide, deforestation, and mortality. In chapter 1, in order to better understand why weather drives conflict, I focus my analysis on one of the most damaging forms of conflict: homicide. My results suggest that failing to recognize the potential for systematic differences across the homicide rate by race in the United States presents an inaccurate reflection of the true relationship between temperature and homicide. Previous research has found that colder temperatures decrease homicide while warmer temperature increase it. I find that black victims drive much of the negative effect for cold temperatures, while white victims drive the positive effect. While this finding alone is a new addition to the literature, these results are consistent with different mechanisms driving the relationship between temperature and homicide. For white victims, I cannot rule out the hypothesis that heat acts as a physiological stressor leading to violence and aggression. However, for black victims, and especially young black males, this hypothesis has limited support. Instead it appears that for black victims, an interactional mechanism plays a role, as colder temperatures reduce the homicide rate drastically.In chapter 2, in collaboration with co-authors, we study the relationship between agricultural productivity and deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon. Using annual variation in growing-season temperature, we demonstrate that increased soy yields lead to greater land in agriculture and ultimately more deforestation. We find a delayed effect between the increase in expansion of planted area and deforestation consistent with patterns of indirect land use change documented in the literature. Our findings suggest there may be negative environmental spillovers from policies that increase productivity for highly developed agricultural industry in the tropics. Finally, in chapter 3, in joint work with a co-author, we study the relationship between temperature extremes and mortality. Although there is consistent evidence that temperature extremes lead to significant reductions in health, there has been limited analysis focused in the developing world. The few existing studies to date document that rural populations drive much of the mortality response to temperature, but offer little insight into what role adaptation plays in urban areas. This chapter attempts to overcome this gap in the literature by considering the relationship between temperature, mortality, and adaptation in Thailand. However, our results raise serious concerns over data quality issues. We find that extreme high temperature leads to decreased mortality rates, which is the opposite effect that has been documented in the literature. We also consider residential energy use as a possible adaptation strategy and model the relationship between temperature and energy use. Here we find that high temperature days relative to moderate days cause residential energy use to increase, which…
Subjects/Keywords: Economics; Environmental economics
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Behnke, D. (2017). Advances in the Climate-Economy Literature: The Impact of Weather on Homicide, Deforestation, and Mortality. (Thesis). University of California – eScholarship, University of California. Retrieved from http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/4jw2b4fq
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Behnke, Drew. “Advances in the Climate-Economy Literature: The Impact of Weather on Homicide, Deforestation, and Mortality.” 2017. Thesis, University of California – eScholarship, University of California. Accessed September 22, 2019.
http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/4jw2b4fq.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Behnke, Drew. “Advances in the Climate-Economy Literature: The Impact of Weather on Homicide, Deforestation, and Mortality.” 2017. Web. 22 Sep 2019.
Vancouver:
Behnke D. Advances in the Climate-Economy Literature: The Impact of Weather on Homicide, Deforestation, and Mortality. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of California – eScholarship, University of California; 2017. [cited 2019 Sep 22].
Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/4jw2b4fq.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Behnke D. Advances in the Climate-Economy Literature: The Impact of Weather on Homicide, Deforestation, and Mortality. [Thesis]. University of California – eScholarship, University of California; 2017. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/4jw2b4fq
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Arizona State University
8.
Lewis, Daniel.
The Role of Futures Markets for the Design and Performance
of Incentive Based Environmental Policy: A Study of the Sulfur
Financial Instrument and European Union Allowance.
Degree: Business Administration, 2015, Arizona State University
URL: http://repository.asu.edu/items/34859
► This dissertation outlines the role that futures markets for tradable permits can play in improving the performance of incentive based policies for environmental externalities. An…
(more)
▼ This dissertation outlines the role that futures
markets for tradable permits can play in improving the performance
of incentive based policies for environmental externalities. An
extensive literature on tradable permits exists. However, to my
knowledge, the role of futures contracts as an instrument for
responding to permit price uncertainty has not been considered, nor
has their pricing performance in this role been examined. This
research provides a theoretical description of how futures can be
used to manage the price uncertainty associated with permit
purchases. It then evaluates if the futures contract performance
for the former U.S. Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) and the existing EU Carbon
Dioxide (CO2) futures markets are consistent with the theoretical
constructs. Overall, for the short time horizons examined, futures
are the best information source regarding later permit prices for
both markets examined. Consistent with the theoretical model
presented, this implies futures markets can be looked to as a
forecast of the incremental costs of emission control. The theory
illustrates that firms can then use futures to eliminate the
negative effects of permit price uncertainty and restore policy
compliance cost minimization. These results demonstrate that an
ideal futures market for emission permits can enhance policy
performance.
Subjects/Keywords: Environmental economics; Economics
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APA ·
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MLA ·
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CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Lewis, D. (2015). The Role of Futures Markets for the Design and Performance
of Incentive Based Environmental Policy: A Study of the Sulfur
Financial Instrument and European Union Allowance. (Doctoral Dissertation). Arizona State University. Retrieved from http://repository.asu.edu/items/34859
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Lewis, Daniel. “The Role of Futures Markets for the Design and Performance
of Incentive Based Environmental Policy: A Study of the Sulfur
Financial Instrument and European Union Allowance.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, Arizona State University. Accessed September 22, 2019.
http://repository.asu.edu/items/34859.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Lewis, Daniel. “The Role of Futures Markets for the Design and Performance
of Incentive Based Environmental Policy: A Study of the Sulfur
Financial Instrument and European Union Allowance.” 2015. Web. 22 Sep 2019.
Vancouver:
Lewis D. The Role of Futures Markets for the Design and Performance
of Incentive Based Environmental Policy: A Study of the Sulfur
Financial Instrument and European Union Allowance. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Arizona State University; 2015. [cited 2019 Sep 22].
Available from: http://repository.asu.edu/items/34859.
Council of Science Editors:
Lewis D. The Role of Futures Markets for the Design and Performance
of Incentive Based Environmental Policy: A Study of the Sulfur
Financial Instrument and European Union Allowance. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Arizona State University; 2015. Available from: http://repository.asu.edu/items/34859
Washington State University
9.
[No author].
Three Essays on Industrial Organization and Environmental Economics
.
Degree: 2017, Washington State University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2376/13031
► This dissertation consists of three papers on industrial organization and environmental economics. The first paper analyzes a two-stage sequential-move model of location and pricing to…
(more)
▼ This dissertation consists of three papers on industrial organization and
environmental economics. The first paper analyzes a two-stage sequential-move model of location and pricing to identify firm's location, output, and welfare. We consider two pricing regimes (mill pricing and spatial price discrimination) and, unlike previous literature, allow in each of them for a non-uniform population density, non-constant location costs (i.e., the setup costs, such rental costs and land prices, differ by firm's location), and endogenous market boundaries. Under non-constant location costs, we find that welfare is higher (lower) under mill than under discriminatory pricing when transportation rates are low (high, respectively).
The second paper investigates the effect of Beijing's vehicle lottery system on fleet composition, fuel consumption, air pollution, and social welfare. We find that the lottery reduced new passenger vehicle sales by 50.15%, fuel consumption by 48.69%, and pollutant emissions by 48.69% in 2012. Also, such lottery shifted new auto purchases towards high-end but less fuel efficient vehicles. In our counterfactual analysis, we show that a progressive tax scheme works better than the lottery system at decreasing fuel consumption and air pollution, and leads to a higher fleet fuel efficiency and less welfare loss.
The third paper investigates the effectiveness and welfare consequences of (i) vehicle and vessel usage tax (VVUT) incentives, (ii) fuel-efficient vehicle subsidy program, and (iii) new-energy vehicle (NEV) private purchase subsidy pilot program. The empirical findings suggest that these policies promote the diffusion of fuel-efficient vehicles and NEVs, and improve fleet fuel efficiency. However, VVUT incentives and fuel-efficient vehicle subsidy program increases oil consumption and CO2 emissions. Although NEV private purchase subsidy pilot program cuts down gas consumption, it raises CO2 emissions. VVUT incentives and fuel-efficient vehicle subsidy program improve social welfare, while NEV private purchase subsidy pilot program causes welfare loss.
Advisors/Committee Members: Munoz-Garcia, Felix (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Economics;
Environmental economics
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APA (6th Edition):
author], [. (2017). Three Essays on Industrial Organization and Environmental Economics
. (Thesis). Washington State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2376/13031
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
author], [No. “Three Essays on Industrial Organization and Environmental Economics
.” 2017. Thesis, Washington State University. Accessed September 22, 2019.
http://hdl.handle.net/2376/13031.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
author], [No. “Three Essays on Industrial Organization and Environmental Economics
.” 2017. Web. 22 Sep 2019.
Vancouver:
author] [. Three Essays on Industrial Organization and Environmental Economics
. [Internet] [Thesis]. Washington State University; 2017. [cited 2019 Sep 22].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2376/13031.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
author] [. Three Essays on Industrial Organization and Environmental Economics
. [Thesis]. Washington State University; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2376/13031
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of California – Berkeley
10.
Stevens, Andrew William.
Empirical Analyses in Agricultural and Resource Economics.
Degree: Agricultural & Resource Economics, 2017, University of California – Berkeley
URL: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/3t6599jx
► Agriculture has played a profound and unique role in humanity's development. We are dependent on agriculture for the vast majority of our food supply, and…
(more)
▼ Agriculture has played a profound and unique role in humanity's development. We are dependent on agriculture for the vast majority of our food supply, and have so far been successful at increasing agricultural production to meet rising demand. At the same time, agriculture is the largest and most direct way that humans have altered our planet's landscape and natural environment. Indeed, over half of all land in the United States is used for some agricultural purpose. In this dissertation, I explore three different aspects of human-environmental-agricultural interdependency in the United States. In the first chapter, I study agricultural workers' wage-responsiveness under different environmental conditions on California blueberry farms. In the second chapter, Fiona Burlig and I study the effect of human social networks on agricultural technology adoption in three upper-Midwestern states. Finally, in the third chapter, I study how the location of ethanol refineries in the US Corn Belt affects crop choice decisions and nutrient runoff. Each of these chapters highlights a different interaction between human economic systems (wages, social networks, renewable fuel policy), environmental conditions (temperature, nitrogen application/runoff), and agricultural enterprises (specialty crop labor productivity, adoption of fertilizer, crop rotations). I utilize a similar empirical strategy in each chapter, employing fixed effects and other panel data techniques to control for time-invariant determinants of productivity, technology adoption, and optimal crop choice, respectively. This dissertation highlights the benefits of panel data methods in agriculture, especially in the modern era of abundant micro-level data.In the first chapter, I study how agricultural laborers' productivity responds to changes in the piece rate wage they are paid: a wage paid per unit of output rather than per unit of time. Specifically, I exploit quasi-experimental variation to estimate the elasticity of labor productivity with respect to piece rate wages by analyzing a high-frequency panel of over 2,000 blueberry pickers on two California farms over three years. To account for endogeneity in the piece rate wage, I use the market price for blueberries as an instrumental variable. I find that picker productivity is very inelastic on average, and I can reject even modest elasticities of up to 0.7. However, this average masks important heterogeneity across outdoor working conditions. Specifically, at temperatures below 60 degrees Fahrenheit, I find that higher piece rate wages do in fact induce increases in labor productivity. This is suggestive evidence consistent with a model where at moderate to hot temperatures, workers face binding physiological constraints that prevent them from exerting additional effort in response to higher wages. This insight has important implications for understanding how climate change will affect the agricultural labor sector.In the second chapter, Fiona Burlig and I use historical data and a natural experiment to study the…
Subjects/Keywords: Agriculture economics; Economics; Environmental economics
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APA (6th Edition):
Stevens, A. W. (2017). Empirical Analyses in Agricultural and Resource Economics. (Thesis). University of California – Berkeley. Retrieved from http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/3t6599jx
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Stevens, Andrew William. “Empirical Analyses in Agricultural and Resource Economics.” 2017. Thesis, University of California – Berkeley. Accessed September 22, 2019.
http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/3t6599jx.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Stevens, Andrew William. “Empirical Analyses in Agricultural and Resource Economics.” 2017. Web. 22 Sep 2019.
Vancouver:
Stevens AW. Empirical Analyses in Agricultural and Resource Economics. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of California – Berkeley; 2017. [cited 2019 Sep 22].
Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/3t6599jx.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Stevens AW. Empirical Analyses in Agricultural and Resource Economics. [Thesis]. University of California – Berkeley; 2017. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/3t6599jx
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of Washington
11.
Chen, Yeuan Allen.
Three Essays in Fisheries Economics.
Degree: PhD, 2018, University of Washington
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1773/41765
► The first chapter of this dissertation examines how the sample of catches used by researchers to construct catch expectations proxies is selected by the fisher.…
(more)
▼ The first chapter of this dissertation examines how the sample of catches used by researchers to construct catch expectations proxies is selected by the fisher. We suggest a full information maximum likelihood procedure that can purge the bias from predictions of catch. We find impacts from spatial policies are underestimated, and predictions of catch are overestimated, when selection is ignored. The second chapter investigates how catcher-processors in the Bering Sea pollock fishery can transform larger fish into higher-valued products. By accounting for latent heterogeneity across harvesters, we identify potential increases in fishery profits because some vessels tend to harvest young fish that grow at a faster rate, decreasing the future value of the fishery. The third and final chapter suggests a size-based individual quota policy tool that allows more fish to be captured by harvesters while simultaneously increasing the size of the fishery biomass.
Advisors/Committee Members: Anderson, Christopher (advisor), Halvorsen, Robert (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords:
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APA (6th Edition):
Chen, Y. A. (2018). Three Essays in Fisheries Economics. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Washington. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1773/41765
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Chen, Yeuan Allen. “Three Essays in Fisheries Economics.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Washington. Accessed September 22, 2019.
http://hdl.handle.net/1773/41765.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Chen, Yeuan Allen. “Three Essays in Fisheries Economics.” 2018. Web. 22 Sep 2019.
Vancouver:
Chen YA. Three Essays in Fisheries Economics. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Washington; 2018. [cited 2019 Sep 22].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1773/41765.
Council of Science Editors:
Chen YA. Three Essays in Fisheries Economics. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Washington; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1773/41765
12.
Wright, Christopher.
Essays on the economics of municipal and household solid waste disposal and recycling.
Degree: PhD, 2012, University of New Hampshire
URL: https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation/677
► The sustained increase of municipal solid waste generation is an ongoing management and environmental challenge confronting many local governmental units in the United States.…
(more)
▼ The sustained increase of municipal solid waste generation is an ongoing management and
environmental challenge confronting many local governmental units in the United States. The management problems associated with municipal solid waste generation are attributed to rising levels of solid waste, and the real costs to collect, transport, and dispose solid waste is increasing. The increase in landfill disposal costs, referred to as "tipping-fees", is partially attributed to the regulatory and technological requirements of landfill operations designed to reduce pollution from landfills. In response to these challenges, municipal solid waste managers are evaluating the benefits and costs of alternative programs and pricing practices. The results of this dissertation contribute policy relevant information for the evaluation and consideration of designing economically efficient municipal solid waste collection and recycling services. Essay 1 is an evaluation of the effect of municipal solid waste (MSW) user fees on household generation of solid waste. MSW user fees create a financial incentive for households to decrease their generation of solid waste destined for landfill disposal. Results from a cross-sectional study of 234 cities and towns in New Hampshire for the year 2008 suggest the implementation of user fees for household solid waste disposal results in an average reduction of 40% to 50% in the amount of municipal solid waste disposed. The second essay presents findings from a contingent valuation study of two referendum proposals designed to estimate the determinants of household willingness to pay for 1) Implementing unit-based pricing of household trash disposal to generate revenues to support community recycling services and 2) Switching from their current recycling program which requires multiple sorting of recyclable materials, to a single-stream collection program which allows all recyclables to be placed into a single collection bin at the community's solid waste transfer station. Depending on model specification, the findings suggest on average households will pay from 37 to 42 cents per trash bag to support community recycling services. On average households convey a negative willingness to pay ranging from -86 to -96 cents per month to switch to single-stream recycling at their community's solid waste transfer facility. The third essay extends the analysis to identify household preferences for selected attributes of municipal trash and recycling programs. Results suggest households value programs expected to increase the community recycling rate. Consistent with the findings of Essay 2, household choices indicate a loss of welfare associated with single-stream recycling relative to their current practice of sorting recyclables. The results of this study are useful for identifying the trash and recycling services valued by households. Household participation in community recycling programs is likely to increase when community recycling programs are designed to provide…
Advisors/Committee Members: John M Halstead.
Subjects/Keywords: Economics; General; Economics; Environmental; Economics
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Wright, C. (2012). Essays on the economics of municipal and household solid waste disposal and recycling. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of New Hampshire. Retrieved from https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation/677
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Wright, Christopher. “Essays on the economics of municipal and household solid waste disposal and recycling.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, University of New Hampshire. Accessed September 22, 2019.
https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation/677.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Wright, Christopher. “Essays on the economics of municipal and household solid waste disposal and recycling.” 2012. Web. 22 Sep 2019.
Vancouver:
Wright C. Essays on the economics of municipal and household solid waste disposal and recycling. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of New Hampshire; 2012. [cited 2019 Sep 22].
Available from: https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation/677.
Council of Science Editors:
Wright C. Essays on the economics of municipal and household solid waste disposal and recycling. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of New Hampshire; 2012. Available from: https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation/677
Cornell University
13.
Lang, Corey.
Non-Market Valuation Across Space And Time
.
Degree: 2011, Cornell University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/30624
► My dissertation provides new evidence and a new approach to identify the extent and implications of spatial and temporal heterogeneity in the valuation of non-market…
(more)
▼ My dissertation provides new evidence and a new approach to identify the extent and implications of spatial and temporal heterogeneity in the valuation of non-market goods. My research adds dimensions to existing work in
economics for pricing goods or features of goods when they cannot be transacted directly in the market. In two particularly policy relevant settings, my dissertation uses unusually rich data and a fine-scale identification strategy to examine the dynamics and spatial variation of non-market values. Chapter 1 extends existing small-area estimation techniques to estimate and map spatial variation in marginal returns to household assets in a developing-country setting; substantial variation exists indicating that poverty reduction efforts of asset-specific transfer schemes would improve with a spatially targeted strategy. The second chapter examines spatial heterogeneity in willingness to pay for air quality and uses those calculations to determine the distributional impacts of the 1990 CAAA. In Chapter 3, I exploit exogenous policy variation from the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) in order to identify the speed at which air quality improvements are capitalized into housing prices and how preference-based sorting is related to that speed. As a whole, my dissertation contributes to the understanding of non-market values in such a way that can improve empirical policy evaluation and policy design.
Advisors/Committee Members: Freedman, Matthew (committeeMember).
Subjects/Keywords: Environmental Economics
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Lang, C. (2011). Non-Market Valuation Across Space And Time
. (Thesis). Cornell University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1813/30624
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Lang, Corey. “Non-Market Valuation Across Space And Time
.” 2011. Thesis, Cornell University. Accessed September 22, 2019.
http://hdl.handle.net/1813/30624.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Lang, Corey. “Non-Market Valuation Across Space And Time
.” 2011. Web. 22 Sep 2019.
Vancouver:
Lang C. Non-Market Valuation Across Space And Time
. [Internet] [Thesis]. Cornell University; 2011. [cited 2019 Sep 22].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/30624.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Lang C. Non-Market Valuation Across Space And Time
. [Thesis]. Cornell University; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/30624
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of California – Berkeley
14.
Tang, Qu.
Essays on Environmental Economics.
Degree: Agricultural & Resource Economics, 2015, University of California – Berkeley
URL: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/159713r1
► AbstractEssays on Environmental EconomicsbyQu TangDoctor of Philosophy in Agricultural and Resource EconomicsUniversity of California, BerkeleyProfessor Gordon C. Rausser, ChairThis dissertation is comprised of three essays…
(more)
▼ AbstractEssays on Environmental EconomicsbyQu TangDoctor of Philosophy in Agricultural and Resource EconomicsUniversity of California, BerkeleyProfessor Gordon C. Rausser, ChairThis dissertation is comprised of three essays that apply microeconomics theory and econometric methods to study important issues in environmental economics. In the first essay, I investigate the impacts of imposing inter-state trade restrictions on the compliance costs of coal-fired electric generating units (EGUs) in the context of a U.S. SO2 emissions trading program (the Acid Rain Program). Over the past decade, tremendous efforts have been devoted to modifying emissions trading programs to address cross-state air pollution problems. The modification involves imposing more restrictions on emissions trading across geographical areas. The empirical question is how severe trade restrictions affect the regulated firms’ compliance costs. Using rich data from the Acid Rain Program, this essay developed a discrete-continuous model to estimate electric generating units’ compliance strategies and marginal abatement costs associated with the nationwide uniform emissions trading as the program was implemented in practice. Based on the estimation results, this essay then simulated units’ compliance behaviors and the corresponding compliance costs if interstate trading had been prohibited. The results show that the aggregate compliance costs would increase more than one and a half times for the same emissions reduction goal due to the narrower trading markets in the counterfactual policy design with trade restrictions, and the costs would vary dramatically across space. Combined with the analysis on the benefit side, the results of this essay could be used to predict welfare impacts associated with trade restrictions at both national level and state level. And it may shed light on the future modification and implementation of EPA’s cross-state air pollution regulations.The second essay applies an equilibrium sorting model to a brand-new housing market in Beijing, China to estimate household preferences for neighborhood public goods provision, including public transportation services, public primary schools, and environmental amenities. The equilibrium sorting model is based on a discrete choice model of household residential location decisions. Relying on a unique, detailed data set on housing location, price, and other household characteristics, I estimate the model following the two-step BLP method, taking into account the heterogeneity of household preferences, incorporating neighborhood-specific unobservable characteristics, and addressing the endogeneity of housing prices using instrumental variables. The results suggest that in general, lower housing price, better environmental amenities, and being closer to job centers will increase the choice opportunity of a neighborhood, and public transportation systems play a more important role in the neighborhoods far away from urban centers. Moreover, different households show varying preferences for…
Subjects/Keywords: Environmental economics
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APA (6th Edition):
Tang, Q. (2015). Essays on Environmental Economics. (Thesis). University of California – Berkeley. Retrieved from http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/159713r1
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Tang, Qu. “Essays on Environmental Economics.” 2015. Thesis, University of California – Berkeley. Accessed September 22, 2019.
http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/159713r1.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Tang, Qu. “Essays on Environmental Economics.” 2015. Web. 22 Sep 2019.
Vancouver:
Tang Q. Essays on Environmental Economics. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of California – Berkeley; 2015. [cited 2019 Sep 22].
Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/159713r1.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Tang Q. Essays on Environmental Economics. [Thesis]. University of California – Berkeley; 2015. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/159713r1
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of California – San Diego
15.
Johnson, Jacob R.
Essays in Decisions, Institutions, and the Environment.
Degree: Economics, 2016, University of California – San Diego
URL: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/73v2r4n7
► The successful implementation of environmental policies is directly related to the functioning of government institutions. As such, the study of how these institutions – and…
(more)
▼ The successful implementation of environmental policies is directly related to the functioning of government institutions. As such, the study of how these institutions – and the policymakers that serve them – make decisions is an important area of research. This dissertation makes two contributions in this area; the first and second chapters provide an empirical assessment of environmental voting in the U.S. Congress while the third chapter considers some theoretical aspects of international environmental agreements. In particular, chapter one explores how the environmental preferences legislators can be estimated from voting behavior and to what degree these estimates can inform policy questions. Chapter two targets the question how does the accounting of carbon emissions influence individual voting behavior on climate change legislation. Chapter three applies a new equilibrium concept – one that includes a formal model of negotiation – to a standard pollution abatement game.
Subjects/Keywords: Environmental economics
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APA (6th Edition):
Johnson, J. R. (2016). Essays in Decisions, Institutions, and the Environment. (Thesis). University of California – San Diego. Retrieved from http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/73v2r4n7
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Johnson, Jacob R. “Essays in Decisions, Institutions, and the Environment.” 2016. Thesis, University of California – San Diego. Accessed September 22, 2019.
http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/73v2r4n7.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Johnson, Jacob R. “Essays in Decisions, Institutions, and the Environment.” 2016. Web. 22 Sep 2019.
Vancouver:
Johnson JR. Essays in Decisions, Institutions, and the Environment. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of California – San Diego; 2016. [cited 2019 Sep 22].
Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/73v2r4n7.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Johnson JR. Essays in Decisions, Institutions, and the Environment. [Thesis]. University of California – San Diego; 2016. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/73v2r4n7
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of California – Berkeley
16.
Xie, Lunyu.
Three Essays on Environmental Economics.
Degree: Agricultural & Resource Economics, 2013, University of California – Berkeley
URL: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/7sb1m7f5
► Environmental issues have large impacts on both developed and developing economies. In this dissertation, I focus on three environmental issues, assess their impacts, and evaluate…
(more)
▼ Environmental issues have large impacts on both developed and developing economies. In this dissertation, I focus on three environmental issues, assess their impacts, and evaluate the effectiveness of related remedies, using both ex-post evaluation and ex-ante forecasting methods.Using individual travel diary data collected before and after the rail transit coverage expansion in urban Beijing, the first chapter estimates the impact of rail accessibility improvement on the usage of rail transit, automobiles, buses, walking, and bicycling, measured as percent distance traveled by each mode in an individual trip. My results indicate that the average rail transit usage significantly increased, by 98.3% for commuters residing in the zones where the distances to the nearest station decreased because of the expansion, relative to commuters in the zones where the distances did not change. I also find that auto usage significantly decreased, by 19.8%, while the impact on bus usage was small and not statistically significant. Average walking and bicycling distance (combined) increased by 11.8%, indicating that walking and bicycling are complements to urban rail transit, instead of substitutes. Furthermore, I find that estimated changes in auto usage and rail transit usage vary significantly with auto ownership and income.Based on a coauthored paper with Peter Berck and Jintao Xu, the second chapter studies the collective forest tenure reform in China. In this reform, the Chinese government allowed collective village forest land to pass into individualized ownership. The government's purpose was to alleviate rural poverty, stimulate investment in forests, and improve forest conservation. Using data collected from 288 villages, in eight provinces, over three years, this chapter measures the effect of the individualization on one aspect of forest investment, forestation. Because villages voted on the reform, we identify the causal effect of the reform by an instrumental variable estimator based on the countywide decision to offer the reform package. We find an increase in forestation of 7.87% of forest land in the year of the reform, and no significant change in harvesting. It implies that the individualization of the village forestlands is on track to meet the societal goals concerning forest conditions.The third chapter is based on a coauthored paper with Sarah Lewis, Maximilian Auffhammer, and Peter Berck. In this chapter, we study crop coverage adaption to climate change. In the face of warming weather, famers may grow different crops that better fit in the new landscape. This type of adaptation may offset the negative effects of climate change. However, adaptation may be restricted by soil conditions, which determine crop yields and whether the substitution crops could fit in. The feasible amount of adaptation could be small, even in the face of substantial warming. Therefore, the negative effects of climate change can be offset only to a limited extent. In this paper, we pair a 10-year panel of satellite-based crop coverage…
Subjects/Keywords: Environmental economics
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Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Xie, L. (2013). Three Essays on Environmental Economics. (Thesis). University of California – Berkeley. Retrieved from http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/7sb1m7f5
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Xie, Lunyu. “Three Essays on Environmental Economics.” 2013. Thesis, University of California – Berkeley. Accessed September 22, 2019.
http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/7sb1m7f5.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Xie, Lunyu. “Three Essays on Environmental Economics.” 2013. Web. 22 Sep 2019.
Vancouver:
Xie L. Three Essays on Environmental Economics. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of California – Berkeley; 2013. [cited 2019 Sep 22].
Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/7sb1m7f5.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Xie L. Three Essays on Environmental Economics. [Thesis]. University of California – Berkeley; 2013. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/7sb1m7f5
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Cornell University
17.
Wang, Jingyuan.
Impact of Economic Growth and Industrial Activities on Air Quality in China: Evidence from 118 Cities
.
Degree: 2017, Cornell University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/51571
► In the past few decades, China’s tremendous economic and social development, and the lack of environmental regulation, has made environmental quality a serious concern. Now…
(more)
▼ In the past few decades, China’s tremendous economic and social development, and the lack of
environmental regulation, has made
environmental quality a serious concern. Now the government is going to develop western China and pushes the ’One Belt One Road’ multibillion-dollar infrastructure project. In the context of
environmental degradation and China's new push for an "ecological civilization" in the “new normal”, to estimate the
environmental cost of economic development in China is very important.
A rich literature that examines the effect of economic growth on air quality degradation suggests that there is an inverted-U shaped relationship between the two. However, most of the previous studies of this relationship concentrate on finding the “turning point” of the inverted-U and do not focus on quantifying the impact of economic growth and industrial activities on
environmental quality. Neither do they address the potential of an endogenous problem in the relationship. This study estimates the impact that economic growth and industrial activities had on China’s air quality from 2000 to 2012, and it predicts the future impact of economic growth in western China. To deal with the potential of endogeneity, this study constructs instrumental variables (IV) for GDP and industrial output by using the GDP of trading partner countries. With data from 118 Chinese cities, this study identifies the impact of economic growth and industrial output on air quality in China and similar developing areas. The results suggest a quadratic relationship between economic growth and air quality degradation. The estimated marginal impact is stronger than in most previous studies: a 10% increase in secondary industry GDP is associated with a 5% increase in air pollutant concentrations, on average. This impact is largely driven by pollution-intensive industries in the secondary sector.
Advisors/Committee Members: Barwick, Panle Jia (committeeMember).
Subjects/Keywords: Environmental economics
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APA (6th Edition):
Wang, J. (2017). Impact of Economic Growth and Industrial Activities on Air Quality in China: Evidence from 118 Cities
. (Thesis). Cornell University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1813/51571
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Wang, Jingyuan. “Impact of Economic Growth and Industrial Activities on Air Quality in China: Evidence from 118 Cities
.” 2017. Thesis, Cornell University. Accessed September 22, 2019.
http://hdl.handle.net/1813/51571.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Wang, Jingyuan. “Impact of Economic Growth and Industrial Activities on Air Quality in China: Evidence from 118 Cities
.” 2017. Web. 22 Sep 2019.
Vancouver:
Wang J. Impact of Economic Growth and Industrial Activities on Air Quality in China: Evidence from 118 Cities
. [Internet] [Thesis]. Cornell University; 2017. [cited 2019 Sep 22].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/51571.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Wang J. Impact of Economic Growth and Industrial Activities on Air Quality in China: Evidence from 118 Cities
. [Thesis]. Cornell University; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/51571
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
18.
Rodriguez Ramirez, Luz Angela.
On the Regulation of Small Actors: Three Experimental Essays about Policies based on Voluntary Compliance and Decentralized Monitoring
.
Degree: 2016, Duke University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10161/12875
► Monitoring and enforcement are perhaps the biggest challenges in the design and implementation of environmental policies in developing countries where the actions of many…
(more)
▼ Monitoring and enforcement are perhaps the biggest challenges in the design and implementation of
environmental policies in developing countries where the actions of many small informal actors cause significant impacts on the ecosystem services and where the transaction costs for the state to regulate them could be enormous. This dissertation studies the potential of innovative institutions based on decentralized coordination and enforcement to induce better
environmental outcomes. Such policies have in common that the state plays the role of providing the incentives for organization but the process of compliance happens through decentralized agreements, trust building, signaling and monitoring. I draw from the literatures in collective action, common-pool resources, game-theory and non-point source pollution to develop the instruments proposed here. To test the different conditions in which such policies could be implemented I designed two field-experiments that I conducted with small-scale gold miners in the Colombian Pacific and with users and providers of ecosystem services in the states of Veracruz, Quintana Roo and Yucatan in Mexico. This dissertation is organized in three essays. The first essay, “Collective Incentives for Cleaner Small-Scale Gold Mining on the Frontier: Experimental Tests of Compliance with Group Incentives given Limited State Monitoring”, examines whether collective incentives, i.e. incentives provided to a group conditional on collective compliance, could “outsource” the required local monitoring, i.e. induce group interactions that extend the reach of the state that can observe only aggregate consequences in the context of small-scale gold mining. I employed a framed field-lab experiment in which the miners make decisions regarding mining intensity. The state sets a collective target for an
environmental outcome, verifies compliance and provides a group reward for compliance which is split equally among members. Since the target set by the state transforms the situation into a coordination game, outcomes depend on expectations of what others will do. I conducted this experiment with 640 participants in a mining region of the Colombian Pacific and I examine different levels of policy severity and their ordering. The findings of the experiment suggest that such instruments can induce compliance but this regulation involves tradeoffs. For most severe targets – with rewards just above costs – raise gains if successful but can collapse rapidly and completely. In terms of group interactions, better outcomes are found when severity initially is lower suggesting learning. The second essay, “Collective Compliance can be Efficient and Inequitable: Impacts of Leaders among Small-Scale Gold Miners in Colombia”, explores the channels through which communication help groups to coordinate in presence of collective incentives and whether the reached solutions are equitable or not. Also in the context of small-scale gold mining in the Colombian Pacific, I test the effect of communication…
Advisors/Committee Members: Pfaff, Alexander (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Environmental economics
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APA (6th Edition):
Rodriguez Ramirez, L. A. (2016). On the Regulation of Small Actors: Three Experimental Essays about Policies based on Voluntary Compliance and Decentralized Monitoring
. (Thesis). Duke University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10161/12875
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Rodriguez Ramirez, Luz Angela. “On the Regulation of Small Actors: Three Experimental Essays about Policies based on Voluntary Compliance and Decentralized Monitoring
.” 2016. Thesis, Duke University. Accessed September 22, 2019.
http://hdl.handle.net/10161/12875.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Rodriguez Ramirez, Luz Angela. “On the Regulation of Small Actors: Three Experimental Essays about Policies based on Voluntary Compliance and Decentralized Monitoring
.” 2016. Web. 22 Sep 2019.
Vancouver:
Rodriguez Ramirez LA. On the Regulation of Small Actors: Three Experimental Essays about Policies based on Voluntary Compliance and Decentralized Monitoring
. [Internet] [Thesis]. Duke University; 2016. [cited 2019 Sep 22].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10161/12875.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Rodriguez Ramirez LA. On the Regulation of Small Actors: Three Experimental Essays about Policies based on Voluntary Compliance and Decentralized Monitoring
. [Thesis]. Duke University; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10161/12875
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of Cape Town
19.
Ellis Brown, Rupert.
Environmental regulation as a determinant of trade: an empirical investigation of the "Pollution Haven Hypothesis" in the context of international trade.
Degree: Image, School of Economics, 2016, University of Cape Town
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20418
► This paper applies an augmented version of the Heckscher-Ohlin-Vanek model to a broad cross section of countries for the period 2001 to 2011, providing evidence…
(more)
▼ This paper applies an augmented version of the Heckscher-Ohlin-Vanek model to a broad cross section of countries for the period 2001 to 2011, providing evidence that a country's
environmental regulatory regime has an influence on the energy content of trade. These results conform to predictions made under the "Pollution Haven Hypothesis" and the notion of "Carbon Leakage", reiterating the importance of incorporating these issues to some extent in the formulation of future trade and climate policy.
Advisors/Committee Members: Edwards, Lawrence (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Environmental Economics
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APA ·
Chicago ·
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to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
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APA (6th Edition):
Ellis Brown, R. (2016). Environmental regulation as a determinant of trade: an empirical investigation of the "Pollution Haven Hypothesis" in the context of international trade. (Thesis). University of Cape Town. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20418
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Ellis Brown, Rupert. “Environmental regulation as a determinant of trade: an empirical investigation of the "Pollution Haven Hypothesis" in the context of international trade.” 2016. Thesis, University of Cape Town. Accessed September 22, 2019.
http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20418.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Ellis Brown, Rupert. “Environmental regulation as a determinant of trade: an empirical investigation of the "Pollution Haven Hypothesis" in the context of international trade.” 2016. Web. 22 Sep 2019.
Vancouver:
Ellis Brown R. Environmental regulation as a determinant of trade: an empirical investigation of the "Pollution Haven Hypothesis" in the context of international trade. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Cape Town; 2016. [cited 2019 Sep 22].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20418.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Ellis Brown R. Environmental regulation as a determinant of trade: an empirical investigation of the "Pollution Haven Hypothesis" in the context of international trade. [Thesis]. University of Cape Town; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20418
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of California – Berkeley
20.
Baylis, Patrick William.
Understanding the Human Effects of Climate Change.
Degree: Agricultural & Resource Economics, 2016, University of California – Berkeley
URL: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/4f8191b0
► Climate change has already begun to profoundly alter the relationship betweenhumans and their environment for the vast majority of the world’s population. How-ever, history has…
(more)
▼ Climate change has already begun to profoundly alter the relationship betweenhumans and their environment for the vast majority of the world’s population. How-ever, history has demonstrated that human are nothing if not responsive: as theclimate changes, so too will economies, governments, and individuals. This disser-tation examines impacts and responses to climate change with an eye towards un-derstanding how future societies might adapt to substantial climatic changes. Thefirst chapter measures the welfare cost of changes in amenity values due to climatechange by proxying for temperature preferences using contemporaneous changes inmood, as detected from posts on the social media platform Twitter. The secondchapter examines the response of electricity demand to changes in temperature asa means to project patterns of future energy consumption and large-scale capitalinvestments. The third chapter makes a methodological contribution to test threequasi-experimental methods of estimating electricity savings in dynamic pricing pro-grams versus an empirical “gold standard”: the results from this chapter will aidpolicymakers in quantifying the effects these programs on curbing future increasesin electricity generation due to climate change.The first chapter is motivated by a gap in the climate impacts literature: thechange in amenity values resulting from temperature increases may be a substantialunaccounted-for cost of climate change. Without an explicit market for climate, priorwork has relied on cross-sectional variation or survey data to identify this cost. Thispaper presents an alternative method of estimating preferences over nonmarket goodswhich accounts for unobserved cross-sectional and temporal variation and allows forprecise estimates of nonlinear effects. Specifically, I create a rich panel dataset onhedonic state: a geographically and temporally dense collection of updates from thesocial media platform Twitter, scored using a set of both human- and machine-trainedsentiment analysis algorithms. Using this dataset, I find strong evidence of a sharpdeclines in hedonic state above and below 20 ◦ C (68 ◦ F). This finding is robust acrossall measures of hedonic state and to a variety of specifications.The second chapter simulates the effect of climate change on future electricitydemand in the United States. We combine fine-scaled hourly electricity load datawith observations of weather to estimate the response of both average and peakelectricity demand to changes in temperature. Applying these estimates to a set oflocally downscaled climate projections, we project regional end-of-century changesin electricity load. The results document increases in average hourly load across thecountry, with more pronounced changes occurring in the southern United States.Importantly, we find changes in peak demand to be larger than changes in aver-age demand, which has implications for public policy choices around future capitalinvestment.The third chapter compares quasi-experimental designs to experimental designs inthe context of…
Subjects/Keywords: Environmental economics
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APA ·
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to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
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APA (6th Edition):
Baylis, P. W. (2016). Understanding the Human Effects of Climate Change. (Thesis). University of California – Berkeley. Retrieved from http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/4f8191b0
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Baylis, Patrick William. “Understanding the Human Effects of Climate Change.” 2016. Thesis, University of California – Berkeley. Accessed September 22, 2019.
http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/4f8191b0.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Baylis, Patrick William. “Understanding the Human Effects of Climate Change.” 2016. Web. 22 Sep 2019.
Vancouver:
Baylis PW. Understanding the Human Effects of Climate Change. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of California – Berkeley; 2016. [cited 2019 Sep 22].
Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/4f8191b0.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Baylis PW. Understanding the Human Effects of Climate Change. [Thesis]. University of California – Berkeley; 2016. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/4f8191b0
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of California – San Diego
21.
Liao, Yanjun.
Essays in Environmental Economics.
Degree: Economics, 2019, University of California – San Diego
URL: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/8c01z6q4
► This dissertation contains three essays exploring how economic agents and markets respond to weather events and natural disasters.Chapter 1 examines whether short-run weather fluctuations affect…
(more)
▼ This dissertation contains three essays exploring how economic agents and markets respond to weather events and natural disasters.Chapter 1 examines whether short-run weather fluctuations affect the decision to go solar by residential customers in California. The results show that residential customers whose sign-ups are followed by less sunny weather are more likely to cancel their contracts. This behavior is inconsistent with rationality, as a solar PV system is a long-term investment whose return is not affected by short-run weather fluctuations. I analyze this behavior further using a theoretical model of projection bias combined with engineering models of solar power production and energy demand. Chapter 2 studies housing market responses to hurricanes using detailed data on Florida housing markets during 2000-2016. We identify the causal effects of hurricanes in a difference-in-differences framework exploiting the exogeneity of hurricane path and timing. The results show that the housing market is dominated by a negative supply shock lasting up to three years. While these effects are transitory, we show that they are associated with the arrival of home buyers whose income is higher, holding fixed the quality of homes transacted. This implies a lasting shift in the local economic profile towards higher income, along with potential gentrification.Chapter 3 investigates whether and how voters’ preferences on environmental policy are reflected in legislative elections. People’s belief in climate change is known to be affected by experiencing extreme weather events. We study the electoral responses to these randomly occurring events in House of Representative elections. To focus on the channel of environmental preference, we estimate differential responses based on the environmental ideology of the incumbent congressperson conditional on party membership. We find evidence that climate-related extreme weather events motivate political giving to challengers of anti-environment incumbents, increase the overall competitiveness in these races, and lead to a lower probability of re-election for these incumbents.
Subjects/Keywords: Environmental economics
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APA (6th Edition):
Liao, Y. (2019). Essays in Environmental Economics. (Thesis). University of California – San Diego. Retrieved from http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/8c01z6q4
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Liao, Yanjun. “Essays in Environmental Economics.” 2019. Thesis, University of California – San Diego. Accessed September 22, 2019.
http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/8c01z6q4.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Liao, Yanjun. “Essays in Environmental Economics.” 2019. Web. 22 Sep 2019.
Vancouver:
Liao Y. Essays in Environmental Economics. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of California – San Diego; 2019. [cited 2019 Sep 22].
Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/8c01z6q4.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Liao Y. Essays in Environmental Economics. [Thesis]. University of California – San Diego; 2019. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/8c01z6q4
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
University of South Carolina
22.
Das Gupta, Supratim.
Investment In Green Technologies.
Degree: PhD, Moore School of Business, 2013, University of South Carolina
URL: https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/etd/2285
► Since the middle of the 1970's, there has been considerable research about how to deal with exhaustible natural resources which are essential to production.…
(more)
▼ Since the middle of the 1970's, there has been considerable research about how to deal with exhaustible natural resources which are essential to production. In the absence of substitution possibilities, the finite stock of these resources acts as a limiting factor to continued growth of output and hence consumption possibilities. In our first chapter, we combine a finite natural resource and human capital in the production function and look at the possibility of maintaining a non-declining or sustainable level
of consumption for an infinite horizon. Our results show that the return to human capital accumulation plays a key role in ensuring this objective. In our model without physical capital, we obtain a similar result where this return must be such that the fraction of time devoted to acquiring human capital each period is at least as much as the share of natural resources in output.
Our second chapter focuses on the transition from a relatively cheap exhaustible natural resource (coal, gasoline) to an expensive alternative technology assumed to be in nearly unlimited supply (wind, solar). Due to significant cost differences between fossil-fuel based energy sources and these alternative (backstop) technologies, their use is not as widespread. Public subsidies to research can however bring about innovation through cheaper production techniques which would significantly reduce the operating costs of these backstop technologies. But without sufficient incentives for investment and patent protections, individual firms typically underinvest in backstop technologies relative to the socially optimal level. In our paper, we find that this underinvestment
in the backstop also leads to an under-extraction of the exhaustible natural resource. This imply firms would conserve the natural resource for too long and switch later to the alternative technology relative to the socially optimal solution. We extend the chapter to include pollution as a flow variable. Pollution from aggregate use of
the natural resource is seen to not affect the behavior of an individual firm whereas it significantly affects that of the social planner. For relatively low pollution cost values, the socially optimal solution involves less investment in the backstop and conserving the natural resource for a longer period compared to the case without pollution. For higher values of the pollution cost, the social planner invests more in the backstop each period and switches sooner to the backstop compared to the case without pollution. In some situations, this may involve leaving behind some stock of the natural resource in the ground.
The third chapter introduces pollution (a stock variable) through a deterioration of
environmental quality. The structure of the second chapter is maintained here. Comparing the true pollution cost of the resource (in terms of a poor
environmental quality) and the cost of the backstop technology, it is possible for the natural resource to be relatively more expensive. This arises in a…
Advisors/Committee Members: John H. McDermott.
Subjects/Keywords: Environmental economics
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APA (6th Edition):
Das Gupta, S. (2013). Investment In Green Technologies. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of South Carolina. Retrieved from https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/etd/2285
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Das Gupta, Supratim. “Investment In Green Technologies.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, University of South Carolina. Accessed September 22, 2019.
https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/etd/2285.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Das Gupta, Supratim. “Investment In Green Technologies.” 2013. Web. 22 Sep 2019.
Vancouver:
Das Gupta S. Investment In Green Technologies. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of South Carolina; 2013. [cited 2019 Sep 22].
Available from: https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/etd/2285.
Council of Science Editors:
Das Gupta S. Investment In Green Technologies. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of South Carolina; 2013. Available from: https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/etd/2285
23.
Goodwin, Chris.
Three Papers in Environmental and Natural Resource Economics.
Degree: 2015, University of California – eScholarship, University of California
URL: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/6qz9d14b
► The first chapter concerns the eruption of Mount St. Helens in Washington State on May 18th, 1980 which resulted in a massive and unanticipated particulate…
(more)
▼ The first chapter concerns the eruption of Mount St. Helens in Washington State on May 18th, 1980 which resulted in a massive and unanticipated particulate air pollution shock. I use the incidence of the ash cloud fallout across Washington as a natural experiment to estimate the effect of a particulate shock on birth outcomes and infant mortality. I find that while there is no statistical effect on infant mortality, there were statistically fewer low birth weight babies born. The measured effect indicates about 230 fewer babies were born as a result of exposure while in the womb. These results suggest that about 1 in 10 pregnancies were terminated from the 20th percentile group of the weight distribution, increasing to almost 1 in 5 in the lowest 5th percentile. The effect is found to be the strongest in the early stages of pregnancy. Using these findings I estimate that the cost of a single particulate shock of typical magnitude on a metropolitan area of median size is $3.7 million. This quasi-experimental treatment is unique since the ash particulate is bioreactively inert and uncorrelated with other pollution. It clearly identifies the pernicious nature of all particulates, not just particulate categorized by source. In addition, the discrete timing of the event identifies the most vulnerable window for suspended particulate shocks on expectant mothers.In the second chapter, my colleague Daniel Moncayo and I investigate the informational effect that social comparisons play in household electricity use. We employ a randomized field experiment to present individuals with a social norm that encourages them to conserve electricity by comparing their consumption to that of an ``energy efficient neighbor,'' consisting of the average of the 10th percentile of participants' electricity consumption. Utilizing smart-meter data, we find households that received our informational treatment reduced their electricity consumption by an average of 7%, even though the treatment was private and there was no financial incentive to conserve. We also discover that conservation gains are largest during the peak morning and evening hours.The third chapter examines the effect of country-level political stability and investment security on forestland use. Using cross-section data I find that these measures are associated with benign outcomes for overall rates of forest area change and roundwood production. These associations are robust when instrumented for endogeneity, and reveal stronger impacts than OLS estimates would imply. Two-stage least squares results indicate that a one standard deviation increase in political stability, as currently measured by the World Bank, increases forest area by 12% over 10 years, and increases roundwood production by a factor of 10 to 19. Targeting political stability and investment security may be one of the most effective tools in mitigating carbon emissions through forest expansion and increasing forest productivity.
Subjects/Keywords: Environmental economics
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APA ·
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to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
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APA (6th Edition):
Goodwin, C. (2015). Three Papers in Environmental and Natural Resource Economics. (Thesis). University of California – eScholarship, University of California. Retrieved from http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/6qz9d14b
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Goodwin, Chris. “Three Papers in Environmental and Natural Resource Economics.” 2015. Thesis, University of California – eScholarship, University of California. Accessed September 22, 2019.
http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/6qz9d14b.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Goodwin, Chris. “Three Papers in Environmental and Natural Resource Economics.” 2015. Web. 22 Sep 2019.
Vancouver:
Goodwin C. Three Papers in Environmental and Natural Resource Economics. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of California – eScholarship, University of California; 2015. [cited 2019 Sep 22].
Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/6qz9d14b.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Goodwin C. Three Papers in Environmental and Natural Resource Economics. [Thesis]. University of California – eScholarship, University of California; 2015. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/6qz9d14b
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
24.
Reksten, Nicholas.
When green isn't all there is to be| An analysis of voluntary greenhouse gas reduction goals.
Degree: 2015, American University
URL: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3700855
► This dissertation explores motivations behind setting voluntary greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction goals. It seeks to understand how the institutional environment in which firms…
(more)
▼ This dissertation explores motivations behind setting voluntary greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction goals. It seeks to understand how the institutional environment in which firms operate shape their profit-maximizing decisions regarding GHG emissions. Such an environment is populated by various stakeholder groups that exert influence on the firm. Understanding how such groups impact the firm can (1) inform policies that take advantage of institutional arrangements to encourage more aggressive emissions reductions by firms and (2) demonstrate the limits of voluntary approaches in reducing GHG emissions. The first essay develops a theoretical framework in which corporate social responsibility (CSR) related to climate change is modeled as the proportion of clean inputs firms use in their production processes. Stakeholder groups can have preferences for environmental CSR that impact a firm's profit function and constraints. The resulting framework demonstrates the various considerations that a firm may have in deciding on a profit-maximizing level of environmental CSR given various characteristics. The second essay delves more deeply into the decision making process within the firm as it develops a strategic response to the issue of climate change. This is done by analyzing 17 interviews conducted with experts on environmental sustainability efforts in large firms. These suggest that companies may be prompted to respond to the issue of climate change by pressure from different groups, but cost considerations shape the degree of that response. Reduction goals often encourage innovation at the firms as they examine their production process with the dual objectives of reducing costs and emissions. The third essay explores the characteristics of firms that joined the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Climate Leaders program, a voluntary program through which member firms set and achieved GHG emissions reductions from 2002 to 2010. A panel of the S&P; 500 members from 2002, 87 of which eventually joined Climate Leaders, is analyzed using a panel probit model and survival analysis. Results suggest that firms already engaged in sustainability activities were more likely to join the program. Additionally, larger firms, those located in more environmentally friendly states, and those located in areas with cleaner air are more likely to be in the program.
Subjects/Keywords: Economics, Environmental; Economics, General
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APA (6th Edition):
Reksten, N. (2015). When green isn't all there is to be| An analysis of voluntary greenhouse gas reduction goals. (Thesis). American University. Retrieved from http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3700855
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Reksten, Nicholas. “When green isn't all there is to be| An analysis of voluntary greenhouse gas reduction goals.” 2015. Thesis, American University. Accessed September 22, 2019.
http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3700855.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Reksten, Nicholas. “When green isn't all there is to be| An analysis of voluntary greenhouse gas reduction goals.” 2015. Web. 22 Sep 2019.
Vancouver:
Reksten N. When green isn't all there is to be| An analysis of voluntary greenhouse gas reduction goals. [Internet] [Thesis]. American University; 2015. [cited 2019 Sep 22].
Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3700855.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Reksten N. When green isn't all there is to be| An analysis of voluntary greenhouse gas reduction goals. [Thesis]. American University; 2015. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3700855
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
The Ohio State University
25.
Irwin, Nicholas Broc.
Essays on Environmental Regulation and Urban
Redevelopment.
Degree: PhD, Agricultural, Environmental and Developmental
Economics, 2016, The Ohio State University
URL: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1480514900311229
► Understanding the responses of households and housing markets to governmental policies and regulation is fundamentally important to shaping effective policy that improves social welfare. Public…
(more)
▼ Understanding the responses of households and housing
markets to governmental policies and regulation is fundamentally
important to shaping effective policy that improves social welfare.
Public policies and subsequent private market responses influence
both the intensity of development in the built environment and the
spatial distribution of amenities across the landscape. This
increases the desirability of some areas while diminishing the
attractiveness of others, causing households to resort across space
in a utility maximizing manner. As governments shape strategies to
deal with an increasingly polluted environment and work to
reinvigorate shrinking cities, it is supremely important that
careful economic analysis evaluate these efforts to provide
meaningful feedback for future policy decisions. Using spatially
explicit data on housing parcels and distinct neighborhoods from
the greater Baltimore, Maryland metropolitan region, my
dissertation examines the household and neighborhood-level
responses to governmental policies shaping green infrastructure and
urban redevelopment while also studying how spatial spillovers
drive the decision-making process of individual households to
undertake private redevelopment. The common theme that unites my
three essays is the use of spatially explicit data and modeling
approaches for the research questions I pursue, all of which focus
on a single geographic area.My first chapter investigates the
capitalization of a particular type of green infrastructure –
stormwater basins – into house prices. Some argue that such green
infrastructure projects provide additional benefits generated by
their natural features beyond the ecosystem services they generate
through mitigating damaging stormwater runoff and filtering of
pollutants. I use housing transactions data and exploit the spatial
and temporal variations in basin placement and design in Baltimore
County to uncover any price capitalization from basin proximity. I
find that adjacency to basins leads to house prices that are
consistently lower and that the effect of this price decrease
accentuates as the basin ages. To the best of my knowledge, this is
the first rigorous empirical examination of the capitalization of
this type of green infrastructure into house prices and I
conclusively show that, rather than generating additional benefits,
basins generate an additional cost for proximate households.In my
second chapter, I study the role a spatially targeted urban
revitalization program in Baltimore, Maryland, has on neighborhood
housing markets. Using a unique set of housing activity data
coupled with neighborhood level data on demographics, the
environment, and amenities, I exploit the implementation of the
program, which created a preliminary list of neighborhoods to
target for block-level vacant housing demolition and subsequently
funded a selection of those neighborhoods to create a
quasi-experimental model. My results show that neighborhoods
receiving the program funding – the treated group – have a
subsequently higher number of…
Advisors/Committee Members: Irwin, Elena (Advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Economics; Environmental Economics; Public Policy
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APA (6th Edition):
Irwin, N. B. (2016). Essays on Environmental Regulation and Urban
Redevelopment. (Doctoral Dissertation). The Ohio State University. Retrieved from http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1480514900311229
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Irwin, Nicholas Broc. “Essays on Environmental Regulation and Urban
Redevelopment.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, The Ohio State University. Accessed September 22, 2019.
http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1480514900311229.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Irwin, Nicholas Broc. “Essays on Environmental Regulation and Urban
Redevelopment.” 2016. Web. 22 Sep 2019.
Vancouver:
Irwin NB. Essays on Environmental Regulation and Urban
Redevelopment. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. The Ohio State University; 2016. [cited 2019 Sep 22].
Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1480514900311229.
Council of Science Editors:
Irwin NB. Essays on Environmental Regulation and Urban
Redevelopment. [Doctoral Dissertation]. The Ohio State University; 2016. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1480514900311229
26.
Wimberger, Emily R.
From Detection Through Repair| Vehicle Emissions Testing in the San Joaquin Valley.
Degree: 2011, University of California, Davis
URL: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3482289
► Vehicle emissions testing, otherwise known as Inspection and Maintenance (I/M), is prevalent in areas of the United States with poor ambient air quality, because…
(more)
▼ Vehicle emissions testing, otherwise known as Inspection and Maintenance (I/M), is prevalent in areas of the United States with poor ambient air quality, because tailpipe emissions are the largest single source of ozone-forming pollutants. Even though California has the most stringent emissions requirements and the largest I/M program in the nation, as of 2011, nine of California's fifteen Air Basins failed to meet the ground-level ozone National Ambient Air Quality Standards. Where the official California Smog Check program has failed to reduce tailpipe emissions sufficiently, private organizations have stepped in. One such organization, Valley Clean Air Now (Valley CAN), a non-profit advocacy group, has offered through its Tune In & Tune Up (TI&TU) Program free emissions-testing and up to $500, per vehicle, towards emissions-related repairs. Valley CAN targets vehicle owners in the San Joaquin Valley who may be driving while unregistered because of the expense of proper repairs. In this dissertation, I use those vehicles that attended TI&TU events from 2005 through 2009 to analyze three aspects of vehicle emissions testing in California: the detection of gross polluting vehicles, the Valley CAN program's cost-effectiveness, and the durability of emissions-related repairs. For each of the 2,048 vehicles, I have cross-sectional data that includes detailed vehicle-specific characteristics, emissions test results, registration history, and the emissions-related repair cost. Vehicles participating in the TI&TU program are an unusual subset within the California fleet. The largely homogenous TI&TU fleet tends to be older and to have higher emissions than the typical vehicle in California. The majority of TI&TU vehicles are also not in compliance with DMV registration requirements. Thus, the TI&TU vehicles allow for the analysis of unregistered and illegally driven vehicles, vehicles that are often ignored in the literature even though they pollute heavily. Shortfalls with the California Smog Check program have been attributed, in part, to gross polluters, namely the small percentage of the vehicle fleet that emits at more than twice the regulatory standard. California tries to identify gross polluters, who are then directed to special Smog Check stations, with what is called the High Emitter Profile (HEP). As the full HEP specification is proprietary, I approximate that statistical model and measure its accuracy when applied to vehicles participating in the TI&TU event held in Bakersfield in 2009. My findings, reported in Chapter 2, suggest that although the HEP model is accurate overall, it is not well calibrated to identify gross polluters specifically. In Chapter 2, I also estimate a model in which gross polluters are identified only by model year and find this to be a close approximation to the HEP, with a much smaller informational burden and cost to California. Only registered vehicles are subjected to the HEP, which is applied in…
Subjects/Keywords: Economics, Environmental; Economics, General
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APA ·
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MLA ·
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CSE |
Export
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APA (6th Edition):
Wimberger, E. R. (2011). From Detection Through Repair| Vehicle Emissions Testing in the San Joaquin Valley. (Thesis). University of California, Davis. Retrieved from http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3482289
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Wimberger, Emily R. “From Detection Through Repair| Vehicle Emissions Testing in the San Joaquin Valley.” 2011. Thesis, University of California, Davis. Accessed September 22, 2019.
http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3482289.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Wimberger, Emily R. “From Detection Through Repair| Vehicle Emissions Testing in the San Joaquin Valley.” 2011. Web. 22 Sep 2019.
Vancouver:
Wimberger ER. From Detection Through Repair| Vehicle Emissions Testing in the San Joaquin Valley. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of California, Davis; 2011. [cited 2019 Sep 22].
Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3482289.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Wimberger ER. From Detection Through Repair| Vehicle Emissions Testing in the San Joaquin Valley. [Thesis]. University of California, Davis; 2011. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3482289
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
27.
Guignet, Dennis Brian.
What do property values really tell us? Evidence from revealed and stated preference studies.
Degree: 2011, University of Maryland, College Park
URL: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3478942
► In the absence of markets for environmental quality, researchers resort to stated and revealed preference techniques to estimate the benefits of environmental programs. One…
(more)
▼ In the absence of markets for environmental quality, researchers resort to stated and revealed preference techniques to estimate the benefits of environmental programs. One of the most widely used revealed preference approaches is hedonic property value models, where the value of an environmental commodity is inferred from its impact on home prices. There are, however, two practical issues in obtaining valid welfare estimates. The first is omitted variable bias, where the estimated impacts are confounded by omitted characteristics of the housing bundle. The second is whether the measure of environmental quality assumed in the hedonic models is the one that buyers and sellers in the market are aware of, and care about. Stated preference approaches offer an opportunity to examine and, in some cases, circumvent these issues. I present three studies exploring the use of hedonic and stated preference methods in estimating the impacts of environmental disamenities on home values. The first study is an extensive hedonic analysis of leaking underground storage tanks (LUSTs). I construct a quasi experiment and implement several econometric techniques to address omitted variable bias, paying special attention to alternative environmental quality measures. I then present two stated preference studies, where the disamenities are conveyed using clearly specified quantitative measures. The first study focuses on LUSTs and groundwater pollution, which is expressed as parts-per-billion of benzene. This reflects the actual information given to households in the hedonic study. The second stated preference study asks respondents to choose among hypothetical homes, which vary in terms of price and mortality risks associated with local air pollution. In my hedonic application I find that LUSTs generally have little effect on home values. I argue that this is because people typically do not have much information regarding this disamenity. This conjecture is confirmed by the significant depreciation at homes where households are well informed, as well as in the stated preference studies, where respondents are informed as part of the study design. While hedonics is a useful non-market valuation tool, in some applications pursuing both approaches may help us more accurately estimate the benefits of environmental programs.
Subjects/Keywords: Economics, Environmental; Economics, General
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APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Guignet, D. B. (2011). What do property values really tell us? Evidence from revealed and stated preference studies. (Thesis). University of Maryland, College Park. Retrieved from http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3478942
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Guignet, Dennis Brian. “What do property values really tell us? Evidence from revealed and stated preference studies.” 2011. Thesis, University of Maryland, College Park. Accessed September 22, 2019.
http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3478942.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Guignet, Dennis Brian. “What do property values really tell us? Evidence from revealed and stated preference studies.” 2011. Web. 22 Sep 2019.
Vancouver:
Guignet DB. What do property values really tell us? Evidence from revealed and stated preference studies. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Maryland, College Park; 2011. [cited 2019 Sep 22].
Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3478942.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Guignet DB. What do property values really tell us? Evidence from revealed and stated preference studies. [Thesis]. University of Maryland, College Park; 2011. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3478942
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
The George Washington University
28.
Elrod, Aaron A.
Environmental Regulation and Product Mix| Evidence from the Census of Manufactures.
Degree: 2012, The George Washington University
URL: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3518543
► Even though environmental regulation can affect the product mix decisions of manufacturers, the environmental economics literature contains almost no research in this area. My…
(more)
▼ Even though environmental regulation can affect the product mix decisions of manufacturers, the environmental economics literature contains almost no research in this area. My research contributes to the limited literature, and fills the gap in the literature for U.S. manufacturers, by providing empirical evidence of the effect of environmental regulation on the product mix of U.S. plants in the pulp, paper, and paperboard industries. Given that many U.S. environmental policies attempt to alter emissions by altering production processes rather than product mixes, the findings in this research are useful for future environmental policies. I first examine the determinants of environmental performance of plants, where environmental performance is measured using two approaches. The first approach is based on chemical inputs and measures environmental performance by the quantity of pollution-intensive and non-pollution-intensive chemicals consumed. The second approach is based on pollution output and measures environmental performance by air pollution emissions. Using the first approach, I find that more productive plants with more water pollution abatement capital expenditures consume less pollution-intensive chemicals. Using the second approach, I find that plants located in counties designated non-attainment for ground-level ozone (O3) have 53 percent lower emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Finally, using the two approaches, I develop a method for classifying products as pollution-intensive and non-pollution-intensive. In the next chapter, I examine the effect of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Pulp and Paper Cluster Rule on product mix. The Cluster Rule combines regulatory requirements from the Clean Air Act and Clean Water Act, and calls for affected plants to alter their bleaching process away from chlorine-based bleaching agents. In addition to, or in place of, adopting the cleaner technology, plants may choose to comply with the regulation by reducing output of bleached products or dropping some of these products entirely. Using a difference-in-difference-in-differences approach, I find that plants facing full Cluster Rule regulation are more likely to drop bleached products relative to unbleached products compared to plants facing only partial Cluster Rule regulation. Furthermore, I find evidence that plants facing only partial Cluster Rule regulation alter their product portfolios toward bleached products. Finally, I use ground-level ozone (O3) county non-attainment status as a proxy for the stringency of environmental regulation to test further how environmental regulation affects product mix decisions. Using fixed effects, I find that plants in O3 non-attainment counties are more likely to drop dirty (VOC-emitting) products, less likely to drop clean (non-VOC-emitting) products, less likely to add dirty products, and more likely to add clean products. Using propensity matching methods, I find that plants in O<sub>…
Subjects/Keywords: Economics, Environmental; Economics, General
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APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Elrod, A. A. (2012). Environmental Regulation and Product Mix| Evidence from the Census of Manufactures. (Thesis). The George Washington University. Retrieved from http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3518543
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Elrod, Aaron A. “Environmental Regulation and Product Mix| Evidence from the Census of Manufactures.” 2012. Thesis, The George Washington University. Accessed September 22, 2019.
http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3518543.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Elrod, Aaron A. “Environmental Regulation and Product Mix| Evidence from the Census of Manufactures.” 2012. Web. 22 Sep 2019.
Vancouver:
Elrod AA. Environmental Regulation and Product Mix| Evidence from the Census of Manufactures. [Internet] [Thesis]. The George Washington University; 2012. [cited 2019 Sep 22].
Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3518543.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Elrod AA. Environmental Regulation and Product Mix| Evidence from the Census of Manufactures. [Thesis]. The George Washington University; 2012. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3518543
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
29.
Lee, Jing Fong Jennifer.
Heterogeneity Among Motorists In Traffic Congested Areas In Southern California.
Degree: 2013, University of California, Davis
URL: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3555352
► Road users have heterogeneous preferences regarding travel choices, such as time-of-day to travel, routes, and willingness to carpool. Understanding the variations in preferences would…
(more)
▼ Road users have heterogeneous preferences regarding travel choices, such as time-of-day to travel, routes, and willingness to carpool. Understanding the variations in preferences would allow better modeling of the temporal distribution of travel demand and the development of pricing policies. This dissertation examines the demographic and socioeconomic profiles of motorists at different times of day at six locations in southern California by using on-road remote-sensing measurements and license plates images obtained in 2007 and 2008 by the California South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD). The remote sensing data provide license plate images in addition to speed, time to the second, and emissions. By matching the license plate images to California Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) registration records, anonymized individual vehicle ownership records can be obtained. The missing demographic and socioeconomic profiles of vehicle owners are supplemented with census data at the spatially fine level of census block group. In contrast to person-based methods like traditional travel surveys, remote sensing methods do not track individuals' behavior over a day (or longer), but provide several advantages: 1) the precise time log of the trips; 2) fewer missing data since correct license numbers are registered for most of the vehicles passing a monitoring site; and 3) data can be acquired for any desired length of monitoring time at minimal cost. From 98 remote-sensing emissions monitoring sites, located for the SCAQMD at highway entrances and interchanges with the hope of identifying gross emitters, six sites were chosen for this dissertation for a detailed analysis. Three of these six sites were in Los Angeles County and three in Orange County. The selected sites experienced some of the worst congestion in Los Angeles and Orange counties. The neighborhoods around the study sites represent different land use characteristics, such as residential, shopping, commercial and industrial. At the six study sites, for the twelve selected days, more than 63,000 vehicles were observed. For about 20 percent of these, the license plates could not be read even after visual inspection, due to reasons such as dealer license plates, obstruction of plates by hitches, and plates being out of the field of view of the cameras. Of the recorded license plates, about 93 percent of the registration addresses had a match to existing local addresses. This study examines the 40,000 personal vehicles among those matches. By examining the speed patterns of the highway ramps at the monitoring sites, peak hours at four of the six study locations have been identified. Not all the study locations share the same peak-hours pattern, however. Among the four locations with varying speed patterns over a day, three of them were compared with the highway mainline speed data in close proximity to the study sites. The two sets of speed data show close correlations. The peak hours used in this study were based…
Subjects/Keywords: Economics, Environmental; Economics, General; Transportation
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APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
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CSE |
Export
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Lee, J. F. J. (2013). Heterogeneity Among Motorists In Traffic Congested Areas In Southern California. (Thesis). University of California, Davis. Retrieved from http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3555352
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Lee, Jing Fong Jennifer. “Heterogeneity Among Motorists In Traffic Congested Areas In Southern California.” 2013. Thesis, University of California, Davis. Accessed September 22, 2019.
http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3555352.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Lee, Jing Fong Jennifer. “Heterogeneity Among Motorists In Traffic Congested Areas In Southern California.” 2013. Web. 22 Sep 2019.
Vancouver:
Lee JFJ. Heterogeneity Among Motorists In Traffic Congested Areas In Southern California. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of California, Davis; 2013. [cited 2019 Sep 22].
Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3555352.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Lee JFJ. Heterogeneity Among Motorists In Traffic Congested Areas In Southern California. [Thesis]. University of California, Davis; 2013. Available from: http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3555352
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
30.
Lai, Wangyang.
Three Essays on Agricultural Development and Environmental
Economics in China.
Degree: PhD, Agricultural, Environmental and Developmental
Economics, 2017, The Ohio State University
URL: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1497433335706255
► China’s agriculture is crucial to its internal economic development and has significant global impacts. The choices concerning land, labor, technology, fertilizer and pesticide fundamentally influence…
(more)
▼ China’s agriculture is crucial to its internal
economic development and has significant global impacts. The
choices concerning land, labor, technology, fertilizer and
pesticide fundamentally influence agricultural productivity. With
only 9% of the global sown area, China successfully feeds 20% of
the world’s population. However, this achievement is accompanied
with serious
environmental challenges. For example, the strong
growth in agricultural chemical use and increasing popularity of
crop straw burning have caused considerable agricultural pollution
including water contamination, soil erosion and air quality
decline. In order to enhance farm productivity and promote
sustainable development, it is critical to understand the
interactions between agricultural inputs and agricultural
productivity as well as the impacts of agricultural production on
environmental quality and human health.In the first chapter, I
investigate the effect of land fragmentation on machinery use as
well as the effect of machinery use on crop production. The data
come from a farm survey in Hebei and Shandong provinces in 2008.
Endogeneity is addressed by utilizing land fragmentation due to
previous long-term land assignment as an instrument and first
difference estimation between normalized wheat and corn output from
the same plots in the same year. The main results indicate that
consolidating an average farm of 0.31 hectares from 2.28 plots to
one plot increases machinery use by about 10%. Further, a 10%
increase of machinery use increases crop production between 0.5%
and 1%.The second chapter provides new evidence that pesticides
adversely affect health outcomes via drinking water exposure. This
study follows a difference-in-difference-in-differences framework
to compare health outcomes between people who drink surface water
and ground water in regions with different intensities of rice
pesticide use before and after 2004, when China shifted from taxing
agriculture to subsidizing agricultural programs. The data come
from several Chinese statistical yearbooks (1998-2011) and the
Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (1998-2011). The
results indicate that a 10% increase in rice pesticide use
unfavorably alters a key medical disability index (Activities of
Daily Living) by 1% for rural residents 65 and older. This is
equivalent to 2.13 and 0.64 million dollars in medical and family
care costs, respectively (in total, 0.024% of rice production
profits).In the third chapter, I estimate the effects of air
pollution from agricultural straw burning on the cognitive function
of adjacent populations in China. The data link fire points
measured via remote sensing with the China Health and Nutrition
Survey at the week-of-interview-by-county level from 1997 to 2006.
I follow a difference-in-differences approach that compares scores
in cognition tests in counties with high versus low frequencies of
fire points during the autumn harvest period versus other time
periods. I find that respondents (aged 55 and above) in counties
with high frequencies of…
Advisors/Committee Members: Roe, Brian (Advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Environmental Economics; Agricultural Economics
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Lai, W. (2017). Three Essays on Agricultural Development and Environmental
Economics in China. (Doctoral Dissertation). The Ohio State University. Retrieved from http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1497433335706255
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Lai, Wangyang. “Three Essays on Agricultural Development and Environmental
Economics in China.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, The Ohio State University. Accessed September 22, 2019.
http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1497433335706255.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Lai, Wangyang. “Three Essays on Agricultural Development and Environmental
Economics in China.” 2017. Web. 22 Sep 2019.
Vancouver:
Lai W. Three Essays on Agricultural Development and Environmental
Economics in China. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. The Ohio State University; 2017. [cited 2019 Sep 22].
Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1497433335706255.
Council of Science Editors:
Lai W. Three Essays on Agricultural Development and Environmental
Economics in China. [Doctoral Dissertation]. The Ohio State University; 2017. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1497433335706255
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Open Access Theses and Dissertations
