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Macquarie University
1.
Black, Celeste Marie.
Carbon pricing and taxation: an examination of the taxation of emissions trading transactions from a domestic and international perspective.
Degree: 2016, Macquarie University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/1147304
► Theoretical thesis.
Bibliography: pages 220-238.
Chapter One. Introduction : emissions trading schemes and the problem of taxation – Chapter Two. Accounting for carbon emission allowances…
(more)
▼ Theoretical thesis.
Bibliography: pages 220-238.
Chapter One. Introduction : emissions trading schemes and the problem of taxation – Chapter Two. Accounting for carbon emission allowances – Chapter Three. Domestic taxation of emissions trading transactions – Chapter Four. International taxation of emissions trading transactions – Chapter Five. Conclusions.
The economic arguments in support of the use of emissions trading schemes as a mechanism to reduce harmful greenhouse gas emissions rely on the ability of the schemes to internalise the cost of the pollution externality through a price signal – the cost of an emission permit. Taxation has the potential to distort this price signal if emissions trading transactions are not subject to the same tax treatment across entities but, to date, the issue of the application of taxation regimes to such transactions has received little academic consideration. The prospect of inconsistent tax treatment is heightened where emissions trading systems are linked internationally, allowing permits to flow between jurisdictions. This thesis systematically examines the direct (income) taxation of carbon trading transactions in order to determine instances in practice where inconsistent tax outcomes may arise and makes recommendations for tax law design.
The thesis builds up a picture of emissions trading taxation through three layers. The first is the treatment of relevant transactions for financial accounting purposes. This is necessary given that many jurisdictions take accounting profits as the starting point in determining tax liability. The second element is domestic taxation and involves a detailed, comparative analysis of the domestic tax treatment of emissions trading transactions in Australia and the United Kingdom. These jurisdictions are amenable to comparison given that the United Kingdom is representative of jurisdictions that apply ordinary tax rules to these transactions, whereas Australia has adopted specifically designed tax rules to address the unusual features of the transactions. The third element is international taxation, where this necessarily involves the application of both international tax rules found in domestic law and tax treaties. These rules are applied to six hypothetical trading transactions which could arise under linked trading schemes in order to systematically test the outcomes against the goal of inter-firm neutrality. For these purposes, the representative tax systems are again based on the Australia and United Kingdom models and the tax treaty network is assumed to be based on the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital.
1 online resource (238 pages)
Advisors/Committee Members: Macquarie University. Department of Accounting and Corporate Governance.
Subjects/Keywords: Carbon taxes – Australia; Carbon taxes – Great Britain; Carbon taxes – Evaluation; Carbon taxes – International cooperation; emissions trading; income tax; international tax; accounting
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APA ·
Chicago ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Black, C. M. (2016). Carbon pricing and taxation: an examination of the taxation of emissions trading transactions from a domestic and international perspective. (Doctoral Dissertation). Macquarie University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/1147304
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Black, Celeste Marie. “Carbon pricing and taxation: an examination of the taxation of emissions trading transactions from a domestic and international perspective.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, Macquarie University. Accessed March 06, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/1147304.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Black, Celeste Marie. “Carbon pricing and taxation: an examination of the taxation of emissions trading transactions from a domestic and international perspective.” 2016. Web. 06 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Black CM. Carbon pricing and taxation: an examination of the taxation of emissions trading transactions from a domestic and international perspective. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Macquarie University; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 06].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/1147304.
Council of Science Editors:
Black CM. Carbon pricing and taxation: an examination of the taxation of emissions trading transactions from a domestic and international perspective. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Macquarie University; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/1147304

University of Michigan
2.
Ren, Rosanna.
An Internal Carbon Price for the City of Ann Arbor.
Degree: MS, School for Environment and Sustainability, 2020, University of Michigan
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/155014
► Carbon pricing is frequently cited as an effective and economically viable policy solution. However, few examples of carbon pricing programs, like a carbon tax or…
(more)
▼ Carbon pricing is frequently cited as an effective and economically viable policy solution.
However, few examples of
carbon pricing programs, like a
carbon tax or fee, currently exist at the
local scale. Where entities might lack jurisdiction to implement a
carbon tax or are otherwise
constrained by budget, politics, or other resources, internal
carbon pricing offers a solution. An
internal
carbon price allows an organization to put a price on
carbon for its own energy
consumption or production to reduce harmful emissions and demonstrate a commitment to
sustainability goals. For this report, a
carbon price refers to any program that applies a price to
carbon emissions.
Carbon fee is used interchangeably with
carbon tax, both of which are used to
refer to
carbon pricing programs that levy a specific charge on a unit of emissions (e.g. one metric
ton).
The City of Ann Arbor’s Office of Sustainability and Innovations (“the Client”) recruited our team
of four University of Michigan (“the University”) master’s students from the School for
Environment and Sustainability (SEAS) to explore the impacts of and design an internal
carbon
fee program. The program would place a price solely on Ann Arbor’s municipal
carbon emissions
and is proposed to start in the upcoming 2021 fiscal year. This is a major step in achieving the
city’s
carbon neutrality goals, consistent with its landmark A2Zero plan.
Over approximately 14 months, our team researched how to create an operable internal
carbon fee
program for the City of Ann Arbor. Using skills in economic modeling and data analysis, we
modeled the energy, cost, and emissions impacts of a $5/metric ton fee on the City of Ann Arbor’s
buildings and fleet emissions. We also put together a detailed program design and supporting
materials to help kickstart the process in its first year.
Researching this project required in-depth understanding of the economics of
carbon pricing, the
City of Ann Arbor’s internal operating structure, budgeting mechanism, and utility billing process.
We began the process with a review of professional and academic evidence, and municipal data
provided by the Client. We coupled the literature review with interviews with professional and
academic experts in public policy, urban planning, and environmental economics. Following this
initial research phase and through meetings with members of Ann Arbor’s city government, we
created an economic model and a detailed process for the program. The economic model
determines the fee owed by each department based on energy, natural gas, gasoline, and diesel
consumption. The model also projects program revenue and expected emissions reductions as a
result of the program through 2030. The program is designed to fit into existing city financial and
operating structures to collect
carbon fee revenue and allocate the funds back to departments to
support energy efficiency investments.
Under the $5/metric ton
carbon fee scenario, we estimated that energy and fuel costs would
increase by between…
Advisors/Committee Members: Stolper, Samuel (advisor), na, na (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: carbon tax; environmental economics; carbon neutrality; city government
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Ren, R. (2020). An Internal Carbon Price for the City of Ann Arbor. (Masters Thesis). University of Michigan. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/155014
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Ren, Rosanna. “An Internal Carbon Price for the City of Ann Arbor.” 2020. Masters Thesis, University of Michigan. Accessed March 06, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/155014.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Ren, Rosanna. “An Internal Carbon Price for the City of Ann Arbor.” 2020. Web. 06 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Ren R. An Internal Carbon Price for the City of Ann Arbor. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Michigan; 2020. [cited 2021 Mar 06].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/155014.
Council of Science Editors:
Ren R. An Internal Carbon Price for the City of Ann Arbor. [Masters Thesis]. University of Michigan; 2020. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/155014

University of New South Wales
3.
Miller, Dianne.
Clean energy: the taxing problem of greenhouse gas reduction - an analysis of the taxation implications during the fixed charge years of the Clean Energy Act 2011 (Cth).
Degree: Business Law & Taxation, 2012, University of New South Wales
URL: http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/52481
;
https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:11154/SOURCE01?view=true
► This thesis seeks to demonstrate that, during the fixed charge years, Divisions 420, 820 and 855 Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 (Cth) (ITAA 97) are…
(more)
▼ This thesis seeks to demonstrate that, during the fixed charge years, Divisions 420, 820 and 855 Income
Tax Assessment Act 1997 (Cth) (ITAA 97) are inconsistent with the object contained in s 3(a) of the Clean Energy Act 2011 (Cth) (Clean Energy Act). Section 3(a) states the Clean Energy Act was enacted to give effect to Australias obligations under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Kyoto Protocol. Broadly, the obligations that arise under these agreements are the reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The Clean Energy Act introduces a GHG pricing mechanism commencing 1 July 2012. The mechanism has two distinct phases; the fixed charge years and the flexible charge years. There are three fixed charge years where the price of
carbon is statutorily defined and operates like a
tax. The mechanism adopts a
carbon unit as the basis of operation during both phases. The thesis identifies that the mechanism introduced by the Clean Energy Act is inconsistent with s 3(a) Clean Energy Act during the fixed charge years due to the unlimited availability of
carbon units and the inability to surrender units generated under the Kyoto Protocol. However, as obligations arising under the Kyoto Protocol are limited to the first commitment period (2008-2012), only fixed charge years were considered.Division 420 of the ITAA 97 was enacted to address the taxation treatment of
carbon units. This thesis demonstrates that the operation of Division 420 does not provide an incentive to limit GHG emissions. This is principally due to the favourable taxation treatment of free
carbon units. Free
carbon units are generated through the Jobs and Competitiveness Program introduced by the Clean Energy Act. Free
carbon units are allocated based on the entitys production levels. Therefore, incentives to hold free
carbon units are inconsistent with a reduction of GHG emissions. In addition, this thesis identifies distortions that arise to the operation of Divisions 820 and 855 ITAA 97 resulting from the allocation of free
carbon units. For foreign entities, these distortions amplify the favourable taxation treatment when free
carbon units are held.
Advisors/Committee Members: Butcher, Bill, Business Law & Taxation, Australian School of Business, UNSW, Martin, Fiona, Business Law & Taxation, Australian School of Business, UNSW, Evans, Chris, Business Law & Taxation, Australian School of Business, UNSW.
Subjects/Keywords: Free Carbon Units; Clean Energy Act; Carbon Tax; Division 420
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Miller, D. (2012). Clean energy: the taxing problem of greenhouse gas reduction - an analysis of the taxation implications during the fixed charge years of the Clean Energy Act 2011 (Cth). (Masters Thesis). University of New South Wales. Retrieved from http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/52481 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:11154/SOURCE01?view=true
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Miller, Dianne. “Clean energy: the taxing problem of greenhouse gas reduction - an analysis of the taxation implications during the fixed charge years of the Clean Energy Act 2011 (Cth).” 2012. Masters Thesis, University of New South Wales. Accessed March 06, 2021.
http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/52481 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:11154/SOURCE01?view=true.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Miller, Dianne. “Clean energy: the taxing problem of greenhouse gas reduction - an analysis of the taxation implications during the fixed charge years of the Clean Energy Act 2011 (Cth).” 2012. Web. 06 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Miller D. Clean energy: the taxing problem of greenhouse gas reduction - an analysis of the taxation implications during the fixed charge years of the Clean Energy Act 2011 (Cth). [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of New South Wales; 2012. [cited 2021 Mar 06].
Available from: http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/52481 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:11154/SOURCE01?view=true.
Council of Science Editors:
Miller D. Clean energy: the taxing problem of greenhouse gas reduction - an analysis of the taxation implications during the fixed charge years of the Clean Energy Act 2011 (Cth). [Masters Thesis]. University of New South Wales; 2012. Available from: http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/52481 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:11154/SOURCE01?view=true

University of Texas – Austin
4.
-0591-3867.
Carbon pricing, politics and the Clean Power Plan.
Degree: Master of Public Affairs, Public affairs (MPAff), 2016, University of Texas – Austin
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/38196
► This paper examines the role that emissions trading among states can play in implementing the Clean Power Plan in the U.S., reviewing the structure and…
(more)
▼ This paper examines the role that emissions trading among states can play in implementing the Clean Power Plan in the U.S., reviewing the structure and performance of existing
carbon markets as examples for how a multistate
carbon market might be implemented. Additionally, given the politically contentious environment surrounding the Clean Power Plan, the paper reviews the arguments of states opposing the Clean Power Plan and analyzes to what extent this opposition is driven by ideologically motivated political factors as opposed to economic factors. Overall, I find that while both political and economic factors drive opposition to the Clean Power Plan, ideologically motivated political factors seem to play a stronger role in states’ attitudes. With regard to cost-effective implementation of the Clean Power Plan, a review of the literature suggests that thoroughly incorporating market-driven
carbon pricing mechanisms and facilitating coordination among states will be crucial in determining the rule’s overall effectiveness.
Advisors/Committee Members: Olmstead, Sheila M. (advisor), Busby, Joshua (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Clean Power Plan; Carbon pricing; Carbon trading; Cap and trade; Carbon tax
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
-0591-3867. (2016). Carbon pricing, politics and the Clean Power Plan. (Masters Thesis). University of Texas – Austin. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2152/38196
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
-0591-3867. “Carbon pricing, politics and the Clean Power Plan.” 2016. Masters Thesis, University of Texas – Austin. Accessed March 06, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2152/38196.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
-0591-3867. “Carbon pricing, politics and the Clean Power Plan.” 2016. Web. 06 Mar 2021.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete
Vancouver:
-0591-3867. Carbon pricing, politics and the Clean Power Plan. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Texas – Austin; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 06].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/38196.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete
Council of Science Editors:
-0591-3867. Carbon pricing, politics and the Clean Power Plan. [Masters Thesis]. University of Texas – Austin; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2152/38196
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Author name may be incomplete

University of Minnesota
5.
Bhandari, Vivek.
Analysis of Engineering, Socio-Political and Market Aspects of Energy Policies Using Examples from Carbon Tax, Market Diffusion of Combined Heat and Power and Vehicle-to-Grid Services.
Degree: PhD, Public Affairs, 2019, University of Minnesota
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11299/206330
► Excelling at formulating, analyzing and implementing effective energy policies requires a holistic understanding of its economic, socio-political and engineering aspects. However, both in academia and…
(more)
▼ Excelling at formulating, analyzing and implementing effective energy policies requires a holistic understanding of its economic, socio-political and engineering aspects. However, both in academia and in practice, one (or more) of these perspectives is often neglected or understudied. Considering this, this dissertation studies three examples of energy policies focusing on a lesser known, and often-neglected aspect. The examples are compiled as three independent, self-contained essays. The first essay analyses the power engineering aspect of a carbon tax. Using U.S. market practices and policies as an example, a carbon tax is operationalized in a wholesale electricity market. Its effect is examined on the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Reliability Test System 28-bus model examining both transmission congestion and other energy policies. The results show how a carbon tax affects emission savings, and revenue streams for generators, loads and the government. They indicate that such interactions could lead to ineffective emissions reduction. The second essay analyzes the socio-political aspect of Combined Heat and Power (CHP). By using expert elicitation and document analysis, the non-financial barriers for CHP are analyzed. The results show three significant barriers a) the business model of the electrical utility b) negative subjective impressions and c) challenges in allocating the risks and benefits. The third essay analyzes the economic/market aspect of Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G). Model of a centralized V2G system is developed and applied to the 2015 wholesale electricity market in Texas (Houston Hub). Three scenarios are examined. In the first scenario, electric vehicles are paid based on a fixed retail market price; in the second, they are paid a time-varying retail market price; in the third, the virtual power plant shares 50% of its total reward with the participating vehicles. The results demonstrate that, while this system is always financially profitable to the virtual power plant and the system operator gets grid services, the electric vehicles could lose money. Further, results show that these vehicles with lower per unit output-battery cost could lose more money because of extensive battery over-use and insufficient reward at current market prices. The results have several important policy implications. Study of a power-engineering aspect of a carbon tax reveals that due to operational interactions, in the short term, a carbon tax might not reduce emissions. Study of the socio-political issue of CHP reveals that economically viable technologies may sometimes not gain traction in the market because of internal business models and negative subjective impressions. Similarly, the study of the economic/market aspect of a V2G reveals that lower battery costs, subsidies for participation, and more rewarding market products could all make V2G more economically viable to the vehicle owners. More importantly, these results also imply thorough analysis would reveal the intricacies and…
Subjects/Keywords: Carbon tax; Combined Heat and Power; Market Barriers; Profitability; Tax interactions; Vehicle to Grid
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Bhandari, V. (2019). Analysis of Engineering, Socio-Political and Market Aspects of Energy Policies Using Examples from Carbon Tax, Market Diffusion of Combined Heat and Power and Vehicle-to-Grid Services. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Minnesota. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11299/206330
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Bhandari, Vivek. “Analysis of Engineering, Socio-Political and Market Aspects of Energy Policies Using Examples from Carbon Tax, Market Diffusion of Combined Heat and Power and Vehicle-to-Grid Services.” 2019. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Minnesota. Accessed March 06, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/11299/206330.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Bhandari, Vivek. “Analysis of Engineering, Socio-Political and Market Aspects of Energy Policies Using Examples from Carbon Tax, Market Diffusion of Combined Heat and Power and Vehicle-to-Grid Services.” 2019. Web. 06 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Bhandari V. Analysis of Engineering, Socio-Political and Market Aspects of Energy Policies Using Examples from Carbon Tax, Market Diffusion of Combined Heat and Power and Vehicle-to-Grid Services. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Minnesota; 2019. [cited 2021 Mar 06].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11299/206330.
Council of Science Editors:
Bhandari V. Analysis of Engineering, Socio-Political and Market Aspects of Energy Policies Using Examples from Carbon Tax, Market Diffusion of Combined Heat and Power and Vehicle-to-Grid Services. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Minnesota; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11299/206330

KTH
6.
Miñaur, Fernando Sánchez Miñaur Fernando Sánchez.
Carbon pricing and the impact on financial markets.
Degree: Environmental science and Engineering, 2019, KTH
URL: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-258408
► Responsible investing has become a trend throughout financial markets. As World’s economies pledge to decrease the amount of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, environmental policies…
(more)
▼ Responsible investing has become a trend throughout financial markets. As World’s economies pledge to decrease the amount of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, environmental policies like carbon pricing (CP) are expected to be strengthened; the above is attributed to the effort of internalizing the environmental costs of the current economic system. In the same context where asset owners have been demanding to the private sector for greater coverage of Environmental Social Governance (ESG) issues, understanding exposure and risk to carbon taxation and emission trading schemes (ETS) could be a major driver for responsible investing. Nonetheless, it has been found that this environmental policy to price emissions, falls behind from a harmonized cost per emission across sectors and geographies. Defined and assessed through a quantitative scenario analysis on scope 1 emissions, all information on carbon pricing set the basis for the model. From an investing perspective, the results showed higher exposure for the electricity sector by 2030 and 2050; nonetheless, the riskiest sector to invest at, was shown as industry. The above is based on the current and expected carbon dependency, and the expected increase in coverage from carbon pricing mechanisms respectively. In addition, aviation, which is a sub-sector from offroad transportation, showed to be the main source for this sector´s exposure and risk. It is concluded that the research carried out is a first step from a complete analysis on CP, as scope 2 emissions need to be assessed.
Att investera ansvarsfullt är en trend som ökar stadigt genom finansmarknader i världen idag. Då flera ekonomier i världen utlovar att minska mängden utsläpp av växthusgaser i linje med vissa klimatscenarion, så förstärks miljöpolicys som koldioxidutsläppspriser i ett försök att internalisera externaliteter i dagens ekonomiska system. I kontexten av när ägare av tillgångar börjar kräva större täckning i miljö, socialt ansvar och ägarstyrning, kan exponering och risk i koldioxidutsläppsbeskattning och handel av utsläppsoptioner vara en drivande faktor i ansvarsfullt investerande. En utmaning i att prissätta utsläpp genom miljöpolicys ligger i hur separerade båda mekanismerna är från en harmoniserad kostnad per utsläpp genom olika sektorer och geografier. Definierad och utvärderad genom en kvantitativ scenarioanalys av Scope 1-utsläpp, verkade all information om koldioxidutläppspriser som grund till modellen. Från ett investeringsperspektiv visade resultaten en högre exponering för elkraftssektorn till 2030 och 2050. Emellertid påvisades även att industrisektorn har störst risk för investeringar. Detta är baserat på elkraftens nuvarande och förväntade koldioxidutsläppsberoende och den förväntade ökningen i täckning från koldioxidutsläppsprismekanismer i industrisektorn. Vidare påvisades flygindustrin, som är en sidosektor av offroad-transport, vara den huvudsakliga källan för denna sektors exponering och risk. Avslutningsvis fastställs det att denna undersökning endast är…
Subjects/Keywords: Carbon pricing; emission trading scheme; carbon tax; carbon exposure; carbon risk; Engineering and Technology; Teknik och teknologier
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Miñaur, F. S. M. F. S. (2019). Carbon pricing and the impact on financial markets. (Thesis). KTH. Retrieved from http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-258408
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Miñaur, Fernando Sánchez Miñaur Fernando Sánchez. “Carbon pricing and the impact on financial markets.” 2019. Thesis, KTH. Accessed March 06, 2021.
http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-258408.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Miñaur, Fernando Sánchez Miñaur Fernando Sánchez. “Carbon pricing and the impact on financial markets.” 2019. Web. 06 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Miñaur FSMFS. Carbon pricing and the impact on financial markets. [Internet] [Thesis]. KTH; 2019. [cited 2021 Mar 06].
Available from: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-258408.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Miñaur FSMFS. Carbon pricing and the impact on financial markets. [Thesis]. KTH; 2019. Available from: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-258408
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Technical University of Lisbon
7.
Basto, Elisa Sousa Mendes de Macedo.
A criação de um imposto sobre o carbono em Portugal : algumas reflexões.
Degree: 2014, Technical University of Lisbon
URL: http://www.rcaap.pt/detail.jsp?id=oai:www.repository.utl.pt:10400.5/7695
► Mestrado em Ciências Empresariais
Visando a promoção da melhoria ambiental, têm-se vindo a desenvolver alguns instrumentos que permitem aos Estados incentivar a redução de emissões…
(more)
▼ Mestrado em Ciências Empresariais
Visando a promoção da melhoria ambiental, têm-se vindo a desenvolver alguns instrumentos que permitem aos Estados incentivar a redução de emissões de gases com efeito de estufa. Um destes instrumentos é o imposto sobre o dióxido de carbono cuja aplicação se tem difundido em vários países.
A experiência internacional, analisada através dos casos de estudo de Suécia, Irlanda e British Columbia, revela que este imposto se tem aplicado a montante na cadeia de fornecimento, incidindo sobre os combustíveis fósseis em si mesmos, e não nas suas emissões. Esta ideia constitui o fundamento da estrutura de um imposto deste tipo.
Com este trabalho pretendeu-se definir a estrutura de um imposto sobre o carbono para Portugal e calcular a potencial receita por ele gerada.
Aiming the environmental improvement, there have been developments on some mechanisms that allow the countries to stimulate the greenhouse gases emissions reduction. One of these mechanisms is the carbon tax that has been applied among several countries.
The international experience, analyzed here in the case studies of Sweden, Ireland and British Columbia, reveals that this tax has been collected upstream in the supply chain, imposed on the fossil fuels, rather than on their emissions. This idea supports the structure of this kind of tax.
The purpose of this work is to define the design of a carbon tax in Portugal and to calculate its revenue
Advisors/Committee Members: Sarmento, Joaquim.
Subjects/Keywords: Imposto sobre o carbono; dióxido de carbono; montante; receita; Carbon tax; upstream; revenue; carbon dioxide
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Basto, E. S. M. d. M. (2014). A criação de um imposto sobre o carbono em Portugal : algumas reflexões. (Thesis). Technical University of Lisbon. Retrieved from http://www.rcaap.pt/detail.jsp?id=oai:www.repository.utl.pt:10400.5/7695
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Basto, Elisa Sousa Mendes de Macedo. “A criação de um imposto sobre o carbono em Portugal : algumas reflexões.” 2014. Thesis, Technical University of Lisbon. Accessed March 06, 2021.
http://www.rcaap.pt/detail.jsp?id=oai:www.repository.utl.pt:10400.5/7695.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Basto, Elisa Sousa Mendes de Macedo. “A criação de um imposto sobre o carbono em Portugal : algumas reflexões.” 2014. Web. 06 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Basto ESMdM. A criação de um imposto sobre o carbono em Portugal : algumas reflexões. [Internet] [Thesis]. Technical University of Lisbon; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 06].
Available from: http://www.rcaap.pt/detail.jsp?id=oai:www.repository.utl.pt:10400.5/7695.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Basto ESMdM. A criação de um imposto sobre o carbono em Portugal : algumas reflexões. [Thesis]. Technical University of Lisbon; 2014. Available from: http://www.rcaap.pt/detail.jsp?id=oai:www.repository.utl.pt:10400.5/7695
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Ottawa
8.
Azarafshar, Roshanak.
Three Essays on the Effects of Government Taxation and Incentive Policies on Consumers' New Vehicle Purchase Decisions
.
Degree: 2018, University of Ottawa
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10393/38478
► Chapter 1. This chapter aims to find the effects of financial point of sales incentives on the sales of electric vehicles across the Canadian provinces…
(more)
▼ Chapter 1. This chapter aims to find the effects of financial point of sales incentives on the sales of electric vehicles across the Canadian provinces from September 2012 to December 2016. The findings of my study indicate that purchase incentives cause the sales of new electric vehicles to increase by 8 percent on average due to a 1000 increase in incentives. I find that 47% of electric vehicle sales across the rebating provinces (Ontario, Quebec, and British Columbia) are attributed to the purchase incentives. Results of my counter-factual simulations imply that the cost of eliminating one tonne of carbon emissions across the provinces that offer incentives over the years of my study is, on average, 216/tonne CO2.
Chapter 2. In light of the rapid increase in Canadian gasoline prices from 2000 to 2010, this chapter focuses on the relationship between gasoline price and demand for vehicle fuel efficiency across the Canadian forward sortation areas (FSA) over this period. I find that consumers respond to variations in gasoline price when deciding the fuel efficiency of their new vehicle; increases in gasoline price result in shifts in demand for more fuel-efficient vehicles and therefore improve the average fuel efficiency of the new vehicle fleet. I find that the elasticity of fuel economy with respect to gasoline price for new vehicles sold across the Canadian forward sortation areas (FSA) from 2000 to 2010 is -0.06 to -0.16. Results of further analyses imply that consumer are more responsive to rising and constant gasoline prices than falling prices and that urban residents are slightly more responsive to variations in gasoline price compared to residents of suburb regions.
Chapter 3. This chapter investigates the effect of the carbon tax policy implemented by the Canadian Province of British Columbia on households’ new vehicle purchase decisions. I dis-aggregate the effects of gasoline price into two effects: the carbon tax and carbon tax-exclusive gasoline price. These effects are both measured along the extensive margin of replacing a fuel inefficient vehicle with a fuel-efficient vehicle. The results indicate that there is a significant negative relationship between both effects and fuel efficiency substitutions. However, vehicle fuel economy is more sensitive to changes in the carbon tax than to equivalent changes in the carbon tax-exclusive gasoline price. I find that the elasticity of fleet fuel economy with respect to the carbon tax ranges from -0.22 to -0.26 whereas this elasticity changes between -0.1 and -0.15 with respect to gasoline price (net of the carbon tax). I obtain consistent results when estimating the effect of both factors on fleet fuel economy conditional on fleet composition, indicating that almost all vehicle segments respond more strongly to changes in the carbon tax component of gasoline price than other components. Results also imply that, among all segments, the fuel consumption of compact sport utility vehicles (SUVs), minivans, and luxury high-end cars respond the most to the…
Subjects/Keywords: Government incentives;
Electric vehicles;
Gasoline price;
Vehicle fuel efficiency;
Carbon tax
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Azarafshar, R. (2018). Three Essays on the Effects of Government Taxation and Incentive Policies on Consumers' New Vehicle Purchase Decisions
. (Thesis). University of Ottawa. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10393/38478
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Azarafshar, Roshanak. “Three Essays on the Effects of Government Taxation and Incentive Policies on Consumers' New Vehicle Purchase Decisions
.” 2018. Thesis, University of Ottawa. Accessed March 06, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10393/38478.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Azarafshar, Roshanak. “Three Essays on the Effects of Government Taxation and Incentive Policies on Consumers' New Vehicle Purchase Decisions
.” 2018. Web. 06 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Azarafshar R. Three Essays on the Effects of Government Taxation and Incentive Policies on Consumers' New Vehicle Purchase Decisions
. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Ottawa; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 06].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10393/38478.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Azarafshar R. Three Essays on the Effects of Government Taxation and Incentive Policies on Consumers' New Vehicle Purchase Decisions
. [Thesis]. University of Ottawa; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10393/38478
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Utah
9.
Giraud-Carrier, Fran¸cois C.
Pollution regulation and production in imperfect markets.
Degree: PhD, Business (School of), 2014, University of Utah
URL: http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/etd3/id/2881/rec/1912
► The problem of pollution is not going away. As global Gross Domestic Product (GDP)rises, so does pollution. Due to the existence of environmental externalities, pollutingfirms…
(more)
▼ The problem of pollution is not going away. As global Gross Domestic Product (GDP)rises, so does pollution. Due to the existence of environmental externalities, pollutingfirms lack the incentive to abate their pollution, and without regulations, markets do notadequately control pollution. While regulators are responsible for enacting regulations, thefirms ultimately determine the environmental outcomes through their production decisions.Furthermore, polluting industries are typically large and concentrated, raising the concernthat market power may be present in these industries. In this dissertation, we study theinteractions between powerful, strategic, firms operating under pollution regulations andthe regulator when markets are imperfectly competitive.An important contribution of this work is our integrated pollution-production model,which incorporates the firms’ emissions, abatement technologies, the damage from pollution,and three widely-used regulatory mechanisms–Cap, Cap-and-Trade, and Tax. The firmscompete with each other and control prices by setting their production quantities. In ourmodel, the firms have many options to comply with the pollution constraints enforced bythe regulator, including abating pollution, reducing output, trading in emission allowances,paying emission taxes, investing in abatement innovations, colluding, and combining someof these options. Following the introduction in Chapter 1, we address three broad questionsin three separate chapters.• Chapter 2: What is the e↵ect of the pollution control mechanisms on firms, consumers,and society as a whole? Which mechanisms and policies should regulators use tocontrol pollution in a fair, e↵ective, and practical manner?• Chapter 3: Does Cap-and-Trade enable collusion? If it does, what are the e↵ects ofcollusion?• Chapter 4: Which mechanisms encourage more investments in abatement innovations?Our results apply to di↵erent types of pollutants and market structures. Our researchprovides guidelines for both policy-makers and regulated firms.
Subjects/Keywords: Cap-and-trade; Carbon tax; Groves; Pollution regulation; Welfare
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Giraud-Carrier, F. C. (2014). Pollution regulation and production in imperfect markets. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Utah. Retrieved from http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/etd3/id/2881/rec/1912
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Giraud-Carrier, Fran¸cois C. “Pollution regulation and production in imperfect markets.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Utah. Accessed March 06, 2021.
http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/etd3/id/2881/rec/1912.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Giraud-Carrier, Fran¸cois C. “Pollution regulation and production in imperfect markets.” 2014. Web. 06 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Giraud-Carrier FC. Pollution regulation and production in imperfect markets. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Utah; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 06].
Available from: http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/etd3/id/2881/rec/1912.
Council of Science Editors:
Giraud-Carrier FC. Pollution regulation and production in imperfect markets. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Utah; 2014. Available from: http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/etd3/id/2881/rec/1912

University of Vermont
10.
Doane, John.
State-based Climate Legislation: A Policy Analysis of Carbon Tax Proposals in Vermont, New York, and Massachusetts.
Degree: Environmental Program, 2018, University of Vermont
URL: https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/envstheses/52
► To date, there are a number of states that have proposed a carbon tax with meaningful support behind them. This paper will focus on…
(more)
▼ To date, there are a number of states that have proposed a
carbon tax with meaningful support behind them. This paper will focus on New York, Massachusetts, and Vermont due to their political backing as well as each state’s participation in the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI). Many states are modeling their
tax plans after the one conducted in British Columbia and focusing on
tax rebates as a key feature. By recycling the revenue generated back to consumers and businesses, the negative effects of the
tax can be mitigated.. This paper conducts a comparative analysis between the British Columbia
carbon tax with three U.S. state legislative proposals. Furthermore, evidence of high observed
tax salience on gasoline consumption is projected onto each
carbon tax plan. Assuming similar aggregate consumer behavior between residents of British Columbia and these states, Vermont, Massachusetts and New York will see gasoline consumption reduced by 42.9 million gallons, 395 million gallons, and 2.887 billion gallons respectively. Vermont would see a reduction in emissions by 0.381 million metric tons from gasoline consumption over 8 years, a 3.8 percent reduction of their 9.99 million metric tons of
carbon dioxide emissions (MMT CO2e) in 2015. The Massachusetts proposal would reduce 3.5 MMT CO2e from gasoline consumption, a 5% decline over 7 years. The New York proposal is the most stringent, with an estimated 25.657 MMT CO2 being abated through decreased gasoline sales over 11 years, which represents 14 percent of 2015 total emissions.
Advisors/Committee Members: Donna Ramirez-Harrington, Amy Seidl.
Subjects/Keywords: carbon tax; environmental sustainability; climate change; Vermont; Massachusetts; New York
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Doane, J. (2018). State-based Climate Legislation: A Policy Analysis of Carbon Tax Proposals in Vermont, New York, and Massachusetts. (Thesis). University of Vermont. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/envstheses/52
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Doane, John. “State-based Climate Legislation: A Policy Analysis of Carbon Tax Proposals in Vermont, New York, and Massachusetts.” 2018. Thesis, University of Vermont. Accessed March 06, 2021.
https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/envstheses/52.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Doane, John. “State-based Climate Legislation: A Policy Analysis of Carbon Tax Proposals in Vermont, New York, and Massachusetts.” 2018. Web. 06 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Doane J. State-based Climate Legislation: A Policy Analysis of Carbon Tax Proposals in Vermont, New York, and Massachusetts. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Vermont; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 06].
Available from: https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/envstheses/52.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Doane J. State-based Climate Legislation: A Policy Analysis of Carbon Tax Proposals in Vermont, New York, and Massachusetts. [Thesis]. University of Vermont; 2018. Available from: https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/envstheses/52
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Deakin University
11.
Hu, Xiancun (Larry).
Construction industry performance measurement with carbon reduction.
Degree: School of Architecture and Built Environment, 2015, Deakin University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10536/DRO/DU:30088965
The research developed non-parametric approaches for measuring construction industry performance in sustainable development. The research results support the improvement of value added and the reduction of carbon emissions, which have positive environmental and economic implications in the Australian construction industry.
Advisors/Committee Members: Liu Chunlu.
Subjects/Keywords: Construction industry; Sustainability; Greenhouse emissions; Carbon tax; Productivity
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Hu, X. (. (2015). Construction industry performance measurement with carbon reduction. (Thesis). Deakin University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10536/DRO/DU:30088965
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Hu, Xiancun (Larry). “Construction industry performance measurement with carbon reduction.” 2015. Thesis, Deakin University. Accessed March 06, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10536/DRO/DU:30088965.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Hu, Xiancun (Larry). “Construction industry performance measurement with carbon reduction.” 2015. Web. 06 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Hu X(. Construction industry performance measurement with carbon reduction. [Internet] [Thesis]. Deakin University; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 06].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10536/DRO/DU:30088965.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Hu X(. Construction industry performance measurement with carbon reduction. [Thesis]. Deakin University; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10536/DRO/DU:30088965
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Washington
12.
Barenboim, Benjamin.
The Social and Economic Impacts of a Washington State Carbon Tax.
Degree: 2016, University of Washington
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1773/36693
► Carbon taxation is becoming a prominent tool to help reduce the greenhouse gas emissions that promote climate change. Using an Input-Output model of Washington State…
(more)
▼ Carbon taxation is becoming a prominent tool to help reduce the greenhouse gas emissions that promote climate change. Using an Input-Output model of Washington State for 2013, I determine the relative
carbon intensity of economic sectors and show how a
carbon tax in Washington State will impact household consumption, trade, and industrial activity through price increases resulting from that
carbon tax. Although many studies have shown that
carbon taxes are regressive, Washington State is uniquely positioned to implement a
carbon tax that is only mildly regressive due to the reliance on hydro and other renewable sources of electricity as opposed to fossil fuel generated electricity. These remaining regressive effects can be mitigated through revenue recycling of
carbon tax receipts.
Advisors/Committee Members: Rabotyagov, Sergey (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Carbon Tax; Input Output; Washington State; Environmental economics; forestry
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Barenboim, B. (2016). The Social and Economic Impacts of a Washington State Carbon Tax. (Thesis). University of Washington. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1773/36693
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Barenboim, Benjamin. “The Social and Economic Impacts of a Washington State Carbon Tax.” 2016. Thesis, University of Washington. Accessed March 06, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1773/36693.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Barenboim, Benjamin. “The Social and Economic Impacts of a Washington State Carbon Tax.” 2016. Web. 06 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Barenboim B. The Social and Economic Impacts of a Washington State Carbon Tax. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Washington; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 06].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1773/36693.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Barenboim B. The Social and Economic Impacts of a Washington State Carbon Tax. [Thesis]. University of Washington; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1773/36693
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Victoria
13.
McCartney, Kevin.
Pricing air to starve the fire: an institutional ethnography of smart prosperity.
Degree: Department of Sociology, 2018, University of Victoria
URL: https://dspace.library.uvic.ca//handle/1828/10001
► Smart Prosperity (SP) brings together multi-sectoral business leaders, policy experts, unions and progressive NGO change makers to align Canada’s civil society messaging on climate change…
(more)
▼ Smart Prosperity (SP) brings together multi-sectoral business leaders, policy experts, unions and progressive NGO change makers to align Canada’s civil society messaging on climate change action and policy. SP has recently found national relevance thanks to considerable policy uptake by Justin Trudeau’s ruling federal Liberal party. Rooted in a neoclassical economic model of demand-management, SP positions themselves as the architects of an energy transition regime of consumer price signals. This study examines 118 of SP’s academic and policy reports from 2008 to 2018 using an institutional ethnographic approach to textual analysis to consider the ideological and ontological consequences of SP’s policy program for the tender geographies of communities in Canada. SP is found to contrive a terrain of energy possibilities that rests on administrative abstraction, economism and market fetishism, and which places the economic administrator at the heart of Canada’s social and natural relations.
Advisors/Committee Members: Carroll, William K. (supervisor), Shaw, Karena (supervisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Energy transition; Climate change; Canada; Carbon tax; Environmental economics; Smart Prosperity
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
McCartney, K. (2018). Pricing air to starve the fire: an institutional ethnography of smart prosperity. (Masters Thesis). University of Victoria. Retrieved from https://dspace.library.uvic.ca//handle/1828/10001
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
McCartney, Kevin. “Pricing air to starve the fire: an institutional ethnography of smart prosperity.” 2018. Masters Thesis, University of Victoria. Accessed March 06, 2021.
https://dspace.library.uvic.ca//handle/1828/10001.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
McCartney, Kevin. “Pricing air to starve the fire: an institutional ethnography of smart prosperity.” 2018. Web. 06 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
McCartney K. Pricing air to starve the fire: an institutional ethnography of smart prosperity. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Victoria; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 06].
Available from: https://dspace.library.uvic.ca//handle/1828/10001.
Council of Science Editors:
McCartney K. Pricing air to starve the fire: an institutional ethnography of smart prosperity. [Masters Thesis]. University of Victoria; 2018. Available from: https://dspace.library.uvic.ca//handle/1828/10001

Colorado State University
14.
Cruce, Jesse R.
Economic viability of multiple algal biorefining pathways and the impact of public policies.
Degree: MS(M.S.), Mechanical Engineering, 2018, Colorado State University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/191461
► This study makes a holistic comparison between multiple algal biofuel pathways and examines the impact of co-products and methods assumptions on the economic viability of…
(more)
▼ This study makes a holistic comparison between multiple algal biofuel pathways and examines the impact of co-products and methods assumptions on the economic viability of algal systems. Engineering process models for multiple production pathways were evaluated using techno-economic analysis (TEA). These pathways included baseline hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL), protein extraction with HTL, fractionation into high-value chemicals and fuels, and a small-scale first-of-a-kind plant coupled with a wastewater treatment facility. The impact on economic results from policy scenarios was then examined. The type of depreciation scheme was shown to be irrelevant for durations less than 9 years, while short-term subsidies were found to capture 50% of the subsidy value in 6 years, and 75% in 12 years.
Carbon prices can decrease fuel costs as seen by the production facility through
carbon capture credits. TEA tradeoff assessments determined that 7.3 of capital costs are equivalent to 1 yr-1 of operational costs for baseline economic assumptions. Comparison of algal fuels to corn and cellulosic ethanol demonstrates the need for significant co-product credits to offset high algal capital costs. Higher value co-products were shown to be required for algal fuel economic viability.
Advisors/Committee Members: Quinn, Jason C. (advisor), Bradley, Thomas (committee member), Burkhardt, Jesse (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: biofuels; cost tradeoffs; public policies; carbon tax; algae; economic analysis
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Cruce, J. R. (2018). Economic viability of multiple algal biorefining pathways and the impact of public policies. (Masters Thesis). Colorado State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10217/191461
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Cruce, Jesse R. “Economic viability of multiple algal biorefining pathways and the impact of public policies.” 2018. Masters Thesis, Colorado State University. Accessed March 06, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10217/191461.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Cruce, Jesse R. “Economic viability of multiple algal biorefining pathways and the impact of public policies.” 2018. Web. 06 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Cruce JR. Economic viability of multiple algal biorefining pathways and the impact of public policies. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado State University; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 06].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/191461.
Council of Science Editors:
Cruce JR. Economic viability of multiple algal biorefining pathways and the impact of public policies. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado State University; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/191461

University of Canterbury
15.
Sung, Sally Ki-Youn.
Responding to Climate Change: A Carbon Tax or an Emissions Trading Scheme? A New Zealand Perspective.
Degree: Master of Commerce, Accountancy, 2011, University of Canterbury
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.26021/5421
► Consequences of global warming and climate change issues have become more apparent over the last several decades. Heat waves, floods, tornados and storms are not…
(more)
▼ Consequences of global warming and climate change issues have become more apparent over the last several decades. Heat waves, floods, tornados and storms are not just natural disasters occurring elsewhere, but they are now serious environmental catastrophes threatening New Zealand (NZ) and nearby countries as a result of continously escalating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Thus, the Kyoto Protocol was prepared for countries to work collaborately to provide a solution through encourging countries to commit themselves to reducing their individual share of the total GHG emissions. To date, NZ has gone through several phases of modification – introducing and revising two distinctive climate change policies (a Carbon Tax and an Emissions Trading Scheme [ETS]) as a tool to reduce GHG in NZ. These attempts to address climate change, coupled with the question raised by McDonald (Irish Times, 2009) doubting the actual effect of a tax on behaviour-change, provide an extensive basis for a case study in a NZ context involving an evaluation of the effectiveness of these regimes on incentivising behaviour-change to reduce and stablise the level of GHG emissions.
In an attempt to answer the research question and conduct a case study in a NZ context, a triangulation approach incorporating both quantitative and qualitative research methods was undertaken. Statistical data analysis was conducted as a quantitative method to analyse and compare numerical changes 'with‘ and 'without‘ the existence of climate change policies. To enhance the results obtained from the quantitative research, qualitative information was also collected by interviewing politicians directly related to the introduction, implementation and the review process of the climate change policies in a semi-structured manner.
The results of this study reinforced the need for regulations and policies to reduce and maintain the level of GHG emissions. Statistical data analysis proved that the existence of climate change policies results in lower level of GHG emissions. The interviewees also perceived that some sort of policy is definitely required to regulate the level of emissions, although whether the current, National-led Government‘s modfied-ETS is the 'right' approach is still uncertain. However, the majority of interviewees agreed that the type of tool does not matter, as long as it is correctly-designed to reflect the necessary policies to influence the decision making process of individuals and businesses, and ultimately change their behaviour as a result. However, in order to maintain NZ‘s relationship with other countries, it is preferable to retain its ETS regime until other countries decide to do otherwise.
Subjects/Keywords: Climate Change; Emission Trading Scheme; ETS; Carbon Tax; New Zealand
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Sung, S. K. (2011). Responding to Climate Change: A Carbon Tax or an Emissions Trading Scheme? A New Zealand Perspective. (Masters Thesis). University of Canterbury. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.26021/5421
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Sung, Sally Ki-Youn. “Responding to Climate Change: A Carbon Tax or an Emissions Trading Scheme? A New Zealand Perspective.” 2011. Masters Thesis, University of Canterbury. Accessed March 06, 2021.
http://dx.doi.org/10.26021/5421.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Sung, Sally Ki-Youn. “Responding to Climate Change: A Carbon Tax or an Emissions Trading Scheme? A New Zealand Perspective.” 2011. Web. 06 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Sung SK. Responding to Climate Change: A Carbon Tax or an Emissions Trading Scheme? A New Zealand Perspective. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Canterbury; 2011. [cited 2021 Mar 06].
Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.26021/5421.
Council of Science Editors:
Sung SK. Responding to Climate Change: A Carbon Tax or an Emissions Trading Scheme? A New Zealand Perspective. [Masters Thesis]. University of Canterbury; 2011. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.26021/5421

University of New South Wales
16.
Guglyuvatyy, Evgeny.
Assessing carbon tax and emissions trading as policy options for climate change mitigation in Australia.
Degree: Australian School of Taxation (Atax), 2011, University of New South Wales
URL: http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/50409
;
https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:9300/SOURCE02?view=true
► The primary question explored by this thesis is what alternative, carbon tax or emissions trading, would be an optimal policy for climate change mitigation in…
(more)
▼ The primary question explored by this thesis is what alternative,
carbon tax or emissions trading, would be an optimal policy for climate change mitigation in Australia. This thesis focuses on assessing
carbon tax and emissions trading policy options on the basis of multiple criteria related to climate change policy in the Australian context. The study analyses the issues of environmental degradation, policy responses to the climate change issue,
carbon taxation and emissions trading as a theoretical foundation for addressing the research question. The weaknesses of common evaluation methods and practices in dealing with climate change policy are also critiqued. After reviewing policy evaluation methods, the study builds a methodological framework to assess the climate change policy options based on the multi-criteria and Delphi methods. To facilitate the evaluation procedure, the criteria necessary for the climate change policy evaluation are identified. This study employs the Delphi method to verify the evaluation criteria in the Australian context and to assess the relative importance of these criteria. The thesis also attempts to construct
carbon tax and emissions trading policies for Australia using a combination of theoretical and practical considerations. Further, these two contrasting policies are qualitatively analysed with reference to the identified criteria to assess potential performance of the proposed
carbon tax and emissions trading. The resultant evaluation criteria and performance ranks of each proposed policy option allows building a decision matrix which facilitates the final evaluation and selection of an optimal policy.The evaluation results reveal that the
carbon tax policy constructed by this study outperforms the designed emissions trading in terms of many criteria. As a result, the
carbon tax is identified as an optimal climate change mitigation policy for Australia. The results of this study also indicate that the emissions trading proposed by the Australian Government might be a misleading policy founded on biased assumptions. Based on these findings it is recommended that Australia reconsider
carbon tax and emissions trading policies on the basis of well developed multiple criteria to obtain a justified and sustained policy solution.
Advisors/Committee Members: Tran-Nam, Binh, Australian School of Taxation (Atax), Faculty of Law, UNSW, Stoianoff, Natalie, Faculty of Law, University of Technology, Sydney.
Subjects/Keywords: Carbon tax; Climate change policy; Evaluation; Emissions trading
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APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
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APA (6th Edition):
Guglyuvatyy, E. (2011). Assessing carbon tax and emissions trading as policy options for climate change mitigation in Australia. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of New South Wales. Retrieved from http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/50409 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:9300/SOURCE02?view=true
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Guglyuvatyy, Evgeny. “Assessing carbon tax and emissions trading as policy options for climate change mitigation in Australia.” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, University of New South Wales. Accessed March 06, 2021.
http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/50409 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:9300/SOURCE02?view=true.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Guglyuvatyy, Evgeny. “Assessing carbon tax and emissions trading as policy options for climate change mitigation in Australia.” 2011. Web. 06 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Guglyuvatyy E. Assessing carbon tax and emissions trading as policy options for climate change mitigation in Australia. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of New South Wales; 2011. [cited 2021 Mar 06].
Available from: http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/50409 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:9300/SOURCE02?view=true.
Council of Science Editors:
Guglyuvatyy E. Assessing carbon tax and emissions trading as policy options for climate change mitigation in Australia. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of New South Wales; 2011. Available from: http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/50409 ; https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/fapi/datastream/unsworks:9300/SOURCE02?view=true
17.
Kaplan , Tatyana.
Bridging the Minority Influence Gap: The Roles of Social Identification and Prototypicality.
Degree: 2020, University of Nevada – Reno
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11714/7720
► Continued partisan division in the U.S. prevents collaboration to solve important societal problems. However, adherents of different political parties are not homogenous; within every group…
(more)
▼ Continued partisan division in the U.S. prevents collaboration to solve important societal problems. However, adherents of different political parties are not homogenous; within every group exist minority viewpoints that can influence the majority. Building on extant literatures on social identity, persuasion and minority influence, the present research sought to delineate conditions under which a minority within one’s group can change the attitudes of the majority when the ingroup is involved in a broader intergroup conflict. This dissertation proposes the Minority/Majority Model of Persuasion (3MP) and tests its predictions in the context of
carbon tax policy. Majority influence is conceived of as a moderated mediation process whereby the effect of message source group membership (ingroup vs. outgroup) on message elaboration is moderated by strength identification as a Democrat or Republican. Minority influence is a doubly moderated mediation with the impact of an ingroup or outgroup message source on elaboration of a
carbon tax-related message moderated by both the ingroup prototypicality of message source and strength of identification. Minority influence is hypothesized to be stronger for non-focal, yet related attitudes.Following four pilot studies, the main experiment (N = 551) varied the political party of the message source, message source prototypicality, and whether the message (pro- vs. anti-
carbon tax) represented a majority or a minority position within the message source’s party. Strength of social identification and need for cognition were also assessed. Results did not support the 3MP. Regardless of message source or content, Democrats did not vary in their evaluation of a
carbon tax, with more favorable views linked to greater strength of social identification. Republicans were responsive to minority influence, but the process was best captured with a simple mediation such that reading a pro-
carbon tax message from an ingroup source produced more favorable elaboration and more positive
carbon tax attitudes. When receiving an anti-
carbon tax message, Republicans resembled Democrats in that persuasive effects were minimal. Effects on related attitudes did not emerge. Findings indicate that Republicans are open to persuasion about
carbon tax if the message comes from a fellow Republican. Implications for persuasion and minority influence are discussed.
Advisors/Committee Members: Kemmelmeier, Markus (advisor), Miller, Monica K (committee member), Papa, Anthony (committee member), Dahir, Veronica (committee member), Gelman , Jeremy (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Carbon tax; Climate Change; Minority Influence; Persuasion; Political Attitudes; Political Parties
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Kaplan , T. (2020). Bridging the Minority Influence Gap: The Roles of Social Identification and Prototypicality. (Thesis). University of Nevada – Reno. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11714/7720
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Kaplan , Tatyana. “Bridging the Minority Influence Gap: The Roles of Social Identification and Prototypicality.” 2020. Thesis, University of Nevada – Reno. Accessed March 06, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/11714/7720.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Kaplan , Tatyana. “Bridging the Minority Influence Gap: The Roles of Social Identification and Prototypicality.” 2020. Web. 06 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Kaplan T. Bridging the Minority Influence Gap: The Roles of Social Identification and Prototypicality. [Internet] [Thesis]. University of Nevada – Reno; 2020. [cited 2021 Mar 06].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11714/7720.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Kaplan T. Bridging the Minority Influence Gap: The Roles of Social Identification and Prototypicality. [Thesis]. University of Nevada – Reno; 2020. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11714/7720
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
18.
Chelly Ben Younes, Amina.
Sur la conception des chaînes logistiques à faible teneur en carbone : Low carbon Supply Chain design.
Degree: Docteur es, Génie Industriel conception et production, 2019, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE); École nationale d'ingénieurs de Tunis (Tunisie)
URL: http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAI074
► Sous la pression externe des gouvernements et des clients conscients des enjeux environnementaux, les entreprises sont plus que jamais obligées de réduire leurs émissions de…
(more)
▼ Sous la pression externe des gouvernements et des clients conscients des enjeux environnementaux, les entreprises sont plus que jamais obligées de réduire leurs émissions de carbone. Par conséquent, elles sont poussées à trouver les moyens pour optimiser la gestion de leurs chaînes logistiques afin d’améliorer leurs performances environnementale et économique. Dans ce cadre s’intègre la problématique de gestion de chaîne logistique à faible teneur en carbone qui consiste à repenser les décisions de la gestion de la CL en vue de réduire les émissions de carbone. Dans la présente thèse, nous abordons cette problématique. Nous cherchons d’abord à comprendre les différentes caractéristiques de ce problème et à identifier ses facteurs clés. Une telle étude demeure essentielle pour faciliter l’analyse de la littérature existante en termes de modélisation et d’incorporation de paramètres liés aux émissions de carbone dans les modèles mathématiques d’aide à la décision. Nous proposons ensuite de contribuer à la littérature en développant de nouveaux modèles de conception de chaîne logistique sous la législation de la taxe carbone, en proposant une meilleure intégration de cette réglementation. Nous considérons alors dans nos modèles, d’une part, la non homogénéité des taxes carbone entre les pays, puis d’autre part, la progressivité de ce système législatif. A travers la résolution analytique et numérique de nos modèles, nous étudions l’impact de la taxe carbone sur les décisions stratégiques des entreprises et leurs performances. Nous mettons ainsi l’accent sur l’efficacité de cet outil législatif, ainsi que sur les nouvelles directives à mettre en place par les gouvernements pour mieux inciter les entreprises à minimiser leurs impacts indésirables sur l’environnement. Finalement, nous initions la modélisation sous incertitude du problème d’investissement stratégique dans le cadre de la législation de taxe carbone, en considérant d’abord une demande client aléatoire, puis des taxes carbone évolutives et incertaines. Nous proposons une évaluation de nos modèles stochastiques développés en les exploitant sur des exemples numériques et en les comparant aux modèles déterministes largement étudiés dans la littérature.
Government regulations and responsible customers’ behavior are key drivers for businesses to adopt respectful management strategies towards the environment and reduce the overall carbon emissions of their supply chains.Under a strict carbon emissions legislation and the increased awareness of customers about carbon emissions issues, companies are now pushed to improve their environmental performance to achieve better profits. Thus, they need to make optimal decisions within their Supply Chain Management to reduce the carbon emissions that are generated from their various activities.In this context, we identify the issue of the low carbon supply chain management. In this thesis, our objective is first to study this problem and to identify its key drivers. We then aim to review the literature and to study how…
Advisors/Committee Members: Frein, Yannick (thesis director), Hadj-Alouane, Atidel B. (thesis director), Nouira, Imen (thesis director).
Subjects/Keywords: Taxe carbone; Décisions stratégiques; Incertitude; Fuite de carbone; Émissions carbone; Taxe progressive; Carbon tax; Strategic decisions; Uncertainty; Carbon leakage; Carbon emissions; Progressif tax; 004
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Chelly Ben Younes, A. (2019). Sur la conception des chaînes logistiques à faible teneur en carbone : Low carbon Supply Chain design. (Doctoral Dissertation). Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE); École nationale d'ingénieurs de Tunis (Tunisie). Retrieved from http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAI074
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Chelly Ben Younes, Amina. “Sur la conception des chaînes logistiques à faible teneur en carbone : Low carbon Supply Chain design.” 2019. Doctoral Dissertation, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE); École nationale d'ingénieurs de Tunis (Tunisie). Accessed March 06, 2021.
http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAI074.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Chelly Ben Younes, Amina. “Sur la conception des chaînes logistiques à faible teneur en carbone : Low carbon Supply Chain design.” 2019. Web. 06 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Chelly Ben Younes A. Sur la conception des chaînes logistiques à faible teneur en carbone : Low carbon Supply Chain design. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE); École nationale d'ingénieurs de Tunis (Tunisie); 2019. [cited 2021 Mar 06].
Available from: http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAI074.
Council of Science Editors:
Chelly Ben Younes A. Sur la conception des chaînes logistiques à faible teneur en carbone : Low carbon Supply Chain design. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE); École nationale d'ingénieurs de Tunis (Tunisie); 2019. Available from: http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAI074

University of South Africa
19.
Westraadt, Petrus.
Ecological taxation and South Africa's agricultural sector : international developments and local implications
.
Degree: 2017, University of South Africa
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10500/23107
► The study focussed on the research question namely: “How will the introduction of new ecological taxes impact the South African agricultural sector?” To answer the…
(more)
▼ The study focussed on the research question namely: “How will the introduction of new ecological
taxes impact the South African agricultural sector?” To answer the question, eight international
eco-taxes were selected and further investigated. The nature and history of each eco-
tax was
examined. The effects or expected effects (where implementation have not yet taken place) of
the eco-taxes on the agricultural sectors of the foreign countries, were then considered. The
study continued by considering the possible impact on South African agriculture, should these
taxes be implemented in South Africa. This was accomplished by extrapolating the foreign effects
previously investigated. Mindful of findings, recommendations were then made of what eco-taxes
could be implemented which will not impede South African agriculture. It was concluded that the
British Climate Change Levy and Climate Change Agreement scheme, Australian
Carbon
Farming Initiative and Swedish meat consumption
tax could be considered for implementation.
Advisors/Committee Members: Nieuwoudt, Margaret J (advisor), Engelbrecht, A. C (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Agriculture;
Carbon dioxide (CO2);
Carbon sink;
Carbon tax;
Climate change;
Double dividend hypothesis;
Ecological taxation (eco-tax);
Emissions;
Energy;
Food security;
Global warming;
Greenhouse gas (GHG);
Livestock;
Pollution
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Westraadt, P. (2017). Ecological taxation and South Africa's agricultural sector : international developments and local implications
. (Masters Thesis). University of South Africa. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10500/23107
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Westraadt, Petrus. “Ecological taxation and South Africa's agricultural sector : international developments and local implications
.” 2017. Masters Thesis, University of South Africa. Accessed March 06, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10500/23107.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Westraadt, Petrus. “Ecological taxation and South Africa's agricultural sector : international developments and local implications
.” 2017. Web. 06 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Westraadt P. Ecological taxation and South Africa's agricultural sector : international developments and local implications
. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of South Africa; 2017. [cited 2021 Mar 06].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10500/23107.
Council of Science Editors:
Westraadt P. Ecological taxation and South Africa's agricultural sector : international developments and local implications
. [Masters Thesis]. University of South Africa; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10500/23107

Harvard University
20.
Earls, Kelly S.
An Evaluation of the Cost-Effectiveness of Carbon Reducing Policies Related to Electric Utilities in the United States.
Degree: 2019, Harvard University
URL: http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:42004186
► This paper examines different types of carbon-reducing policies implemented by legislation or administrative laws or rules, and attempts to assess which policies have been the…
(more)
▼ This paper examines different types of
carbon-reducing policies implemented by legislation or administrative laws or rules, and attempts to assess which policies have been the most effective in consideration with costs in all fifty states in the United States. This is imperative as this paper attempts to address a policy need to determine what
carbon reducing policies should be implemented moving forward.
The primary hypothesis being examined is – what
carbon-reducing policies in the electric industry have been most effective at reducing
carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, and therefore should be implemented moving forward? With a secondary hypothesis that asks whether a price on
carbon is the best indicator of
carbon dioxide emission reduction in the electric market? The policies explored are:
1. Implementing a price on
carbon, either via a
carbon tax or a cap-and-trade system: several American and global economists have determined that a
carbon tax will be the most effective way to reduce CO2 emissions. However, while many countries have adopted a
carbon tax, currently no U.S. state has implemented a
carbon tax. A review of the literature provided insight on the potential success of a statewide or national legislation, yet, as no such
tax has yet been implemented in the United States, a calculation of its effectiveness was not included in the overall analysis for is paper. However, a cap-and-trade system, (as applied to electric utilities) is very similar to a
carbon tax, where there is a mandate on emission limits on output. A cap-and-trade system can be done nationally by having the EPA or state agency place a legal limit on the amount of CO2 a utility can emit per a certain amount of energy output, such as per megawatt (MW). In regards to the trade system on a cap-and-trade, sources emitting below the limit could potentially trade the increment of permitted emissions, essentially creating a
carbon market. In the United States, nine states in the Northeast participate in the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI), a cap-and-trade program established in 2009 California is the only state in the west that actively participates in a cap-and-trade system, and began operating a cap-and-trade program in 2013.
2. Energy efficiency and demand-side management measures: both energy efficiency (EE) and demand-side management are measures aimed at reducing the utility’s load and ultimate consumption of energy. Nearly all states participate in some form of these measures, but only half have EE mandated goals.
3. Renewable portfolio standards and incentives: a renewable portfolio standard (RPS) is a mandate that a utility purchase or produce a certain percentage of its energy requirements from renewable generation. Nearly half of the states have RPS, and 3/5ths have some form of renewable energy requirement.
Overall, an evaluation of all fifty states’ CO2 emissions from electricity between the years 2007-2016 was performed. The evaluation examined the trend of each state in reducing CO2 emissions from 2007-2016 from electric…
Advisors/Committee Members: Reibstein, Rick, Leighton, Mark.
Subjects/Keywords: cost-effective carbon; carbon tax; carbon market; carbon reduction; carbon reduction policies; environmental law; environmental regulations; clean air act; electric prices; policy analysis
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Earls, K. S. (2019). An Evaluation of the Cost-Effectiveness of Carbon Reducing Policies Related to Electric Utilities in the United States. (Thesis). Harvard University. Retrieved from http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:42004186
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Earls, Kelly S. “An Evaluation of the Cost-Effectiveness of Carbon Reducing Policies Related to Electric Utilities in the United States.” 2019. Thesis, Harvard University. Accessed March 06, 2021.
http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:42004186.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Earls, Kelly S. “An Evaluation of the Cost-Effectiveness of Carbon Reducing Policies Related to Electric Utilities in the United States.” 2019. Web. 06 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Earls KS. An Evaluation of the Cost-Effectiveness of Carbon Reducing Policies Related to Electric Utilities in the United States. [Internet] [Thesis]. Harvard University; 2019. [cited 2021 Mar 06].
Available from: http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:42004186.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Earls KS. An Evaluation of the Cost-Effectiveness of Carbon Reducing Policies Related to Electric Utilities in the United States. [Thesis]. Harvard University; 2019. Available from: http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:42004186
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Pretoria
21.
[No author].
Investigating ways to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
by means of tax measures
.
Degree: 2010, University of Pretoria
URL: http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-09102010-141906/
► The objective of this study is to restrict the emission of greenhouse gasses by investigating if this objective would be reached by the implementation of…
(more)
▼ The objective of this study is to restrict the
emission of greenhouse gasses by investigating if this objective
would be reached by the implementation of a
tax. Global warming is
caused by the emission of greenhouse gasses into the atmosphere. In
order to restrict global warming it is necessary for individuals
and entities to act in a more environmentally friendly manner and
to emit less greenhouse gasses. A further objective of this study
is to investigate various measures that can be used as an incentive
to restrict the emission of greenhouse gasses. This study found
that the main emitters of greenhouse gasses are power stations,
industries and the transport sector. This study will therefore
focus on the reduction of greenhouse gasses in these areas. The way
to identify methods used to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, is to
investigate the techniques that first world countries use to reduce
greenhouse gas emissions, to judge the level of success they
achieved and to compare their methods to the definition of a “good
tax”. It was found that “cap-and-trade” is a better model than
carbon tax for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by power
stations and industries. It was also found that a combination
between a
tax on fuel and a
tax calculated on greenhouse gas
emissions per kilometre for each individual vehicle will result in
the greatest reduction in the emission of greenhouse gasses
produced by the transportation sector. AFRIKAANS : Die doelwit van
hierdie studie is om die vrystelling van groenhuis uitlaatgasse te
beperk deur ondersoek in te stel of die doelwit bereik kan word
deur die implementering van 'n belasting. Globale aardverwarming
word veroorsaak deur 'n oormaat vrystelling van groenhuisgasse in
die atmosfeer. Om globale aardverwarming te beperk, sal individue,
sowel as entiteite, meer omgewingsvriendelik moet optree deur
minder groenhuisgasse vry te stel. 'n Verdere doelwit van hierdie
studie is om verskeie metodes, insluitende belasting, te ondersoek
waardeur die vrystelling van groenhuisgasse verminder kan word. In
die studie is vasgestel dat kragstasies, industrieë en
vervoerstelsels die hoofvrystellers van groenhuisgasse is. Die
fokus van die studie is dus gerig op die vermindering van
groenhuisgasvrystelling spesifiek in hierdie areas. Die wyse om
metodes, wat gebruik word om groenhuisgasvrystellings te verminder,
te identifiseer, is om die tegnieke wat in eerste wêreldlande
gebruik word te ondersoek, om die vlak van sukses wat daarmee
bereik word, te bepaal en om daardie metodes teen die definisie van
'n “goeie belasting” te toets. Daar is gevind dat “uitlaatgas
handel” 'n beter model is as koolstofdioksiedbelasting ten einde 'n
vermindering van groenhuisgasvrystellings deur kragstasies en
industrieë te bewerkstellig. Daar is ook gevind dat ‘n kombinasie
van ‘n belasting op brandstof en ‘n belasting bereken op
groenhuisgasvrystellings per kilometer van elke individuele
voertuig die grootste vermindering in groenhuisgasvrystellings in
die vervoerstelsel sal meebring. Copyright
Advisors/Committee Members: Prof M Cronje (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Aardverwarming;
Belasting;
Cap-and-trade;
Tax incentives;
Global warming;
Tax;
Emissions;
Carbon dioxide;
Greenhouse gas;
Groenhuisgas;
Uitlaatgasse;
Koolstofdioksied;
Belastingaansporings;
UCTD
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
author], [. (2010). Investigating ways to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
by means of tax measures
. (Masters Thesis). University of Pretoria. Retrieved from http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-09102010-141906/
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
author], [No. “Investigating ways to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
by means of tax measures
.” 2010. Masters Thesis, University of Pretoria. Accessed March 06, 2021.
http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-09102010-141906/.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
author], [No. “Investigating ways to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
by means of tax measures
.” 2010. Web. 06 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
author] [. Investigating ways to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
by means of tax measures
. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2010. [cited 2021 Mar 06].
Available from: http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-09102010-141906/.
Council of Science Editors:
author] [. Investigating ways to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
by means of tax measures
. [Masters Thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2010. Available from: http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-09102010-141906/

University of Pretoria
22.
Stols, Gerhardus
Petrus.
Investigating
ways to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by means of tax
measures.
Degree: Taxation, 2010, University of Pretoria
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/27863
► The objective of this study is to restrict the emission of greenhouse gasses by investigating if this objective would be reached by the implementation of…
(more)
▼ The objective of this study is to restrict the emission
of greenhouse gasses by investigating if this objective would be
reached by the implementation of a
tax. Global warming is caused by
the emission of greenhouse gasses into the atmosphere. In order to
restrict global warming it is necessary for individuals and
entities to act in a more environmentally friendly manner and to
emit less greenhouse gasses. A further objective of this study is
to investigate various measures that can be used as an incentive to
restrict the emission of greenhouse gasses. This study found that
the main emitters of greenhouse gasses are power stations,
industries and the transport sector. This study will therefore
focus on the reduction of greenhouse gasses in these areas. The way
to identify methods used to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, is to
investigate the techniques that first world countries use to reduce
greenhouse gas emissions, to judge the level of success they
achieved and to compare their methods to the definition of a “good
tax”. It was found that “cap-and-trade” is a better model than
carbon tax for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by power
stations and industries. It was also found that a combination
between a
tax on fuel and a
tax calculated on greenhouse gas
emissions per kilometre for each individual vehicle will result in
the greatest reduction in the emission of greenhouse gasses
produced by the transportation sector. AFRIKAANS : Die doelwit van
hierdie studie is om die vrystelling van groenhuis uitlaatgasse te
beperk deur ondersoek in te stel of die doelwit bereik kan word
deur die implementering van 'n belasting. Globale aardverwarming
word veroorsaak deur 'n oormaat vrystelling van groenhuisgasse in
die atmosfeer. Om globale aardverwarming te beperk, sal individue,
sowel as entiteite, meer omgewingsvriendelik moet optree deur
minder groenhuisgasse vry te stel. 'n Verdere doelwit van hierdie
studie is om verskeie metodes, insluitende belasting, te ondersoek
waardeur die vrystelling van groenhuisgasse verminder kan word. In
die studie is vasgestel dat kragstasies, industrieë en
vervoerstelsels die hoofvrystellers van groenhuisgasse is. Die
fokus van die studie is dus gerig op die vermindering van
groenhuisgasvrystelling spesifiek in hierdie areas. Die wyse om
metodes, wat gebruik word om groenhuisgasvrystellings te verminder,
te identifiseer, is om die tegnieke wat in eerste wêreldlande
gebruik word te ondersoek, om die vlak van sukses wat daarmee
bereik word, te bepaal en om daardie metodes teen die definisie van
'n “goeie belasting” te toets. Daar is gevind dat “uitlaatgas
handel” 'n beter model is as koolstofdioksiedbelasting ten einde 'n
vermindering van groenhuisgasvrystellings deur kragstasies en
industrieë te bewerkstellig. Daar is ook gevind dat ‘n kombinasie
van ‘n belasting op brandstof en ‘n belasting bereken op
groenhuisgasvrystellings per kilometer van elke individuele
voertuig die grootste vermindering in groenhuisgasvrystellings in
die vervoerstelsel sal meebring. Copyright
Advisors/Committee Members: Cronje, M. (advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Aardverwarming;
Belasting;
Cap-and-trade; Tax
incentives; Global
warming;
Tax;
Emissions; Carbon
dioxide; Greenhouse gas
(GHG);
Groenhuisgas;
Uitlaatgasse;
Koolstofdioksied;
Belastingaansporings;
UCTD
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Stols, G. (2010). Investigating
ways to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by means of tax
measures. (Masters Thesis). University of Pretoria. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2263/27863
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Stols, Gerhardus. “Investigating
ways to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by means of tax
measures.” 2010. Masters Thesis, University of Pretoria. Accessed March 06, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2263/27863.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Stols, Gerhardus. “Investigating
ways to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by means of tax
measures.” 2010. Web. 06 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Stols G. Investigating
ways to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by means of tax
measures. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2010. [cited 2021 Mar 06].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/27863.
Council of Science Editors:
Stols G. Investigating
ways to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by means of tax
measures. [Masters Thesis]. University of Pretoria; 2010. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2263/27863

Queensland University of Technology
23.
Deane, Felicity Jane.
The Australian clean energy package and the law of the world trade organisation : an analysis of compliance issues.
Degree: 2013, Queensland University of Technology
URL: http://eprints.qut.edu.au/61753/
► This thesis is a study of whether the Australian Clean Energy Package complies with the rules of the World Trade Organization. It examines the legal…
(more)
▼ This thesis is a study of whether the Australian Clean Energy Package complies with the rules of the World Trade Organization. It examines the legal framework for the Australian carbon pricing mechanism and related arrangements, using World Trade Organization law as the framework for analysis. In doing so, this thesis deconstructs the Clean Energy Package by considering the legal properties of eligible emissions units, the assistance measures introduced by the Package and the liabilities created by the carbon pricing mechanism.
Subjects/Keywords: Border tax adjustments; Carbon pricing mechanism; Carbon tax; Clean Energy Package; Climate change; Eligible emissions units; Emissions credits; Emissions permits; Emissions trading; Emissions units
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Deane, F. J. (2013). The Australian clean energy package and the law of the world trade organisation : an analysis of compliance issues. (Thesis). Queensland University of Technology. Retrieved from http://eprints.qut.edu.au/61753/
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Deane, Felicity Jane. “The Australian clean energy package and the law of the world trade organisation : an analysis of compliance issues.” 2013. Thesis, Queensland University of Technology. Accessed March 06, 2021.
http://eprints.qut.edu.au/61753/.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Deane, Felicity Jane. “The Australian clean energy package and the law of the world trade organisation : an analysis of compliance issues.” 2013. Web. 06 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Deane FJ. The Australian clean energy package and the law of the world trade organisation : an analysis of compliance issues. [Internet] [Thesis]. Queensland University of Technology; 2013. [cited 2021 Mar 06].
Available from: http://eprints.qut.edu.au/61753/.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Deane FJ. The Australian clean energy package and the law of the world trade organisation : an analysis of compliance issues. [Thesis]. Queensland University of Technology; 2013. Available from: http://eprints.qut.edu.au/61753/
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

UCLA
24.
Albassam, Abdulrahman M.
Energy Systems Optimization.
Degree: Chemical Engineering, 2016, UCLA
URL: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/5xt7j62r
► This dissertation presents novel realizations in balancing the economical and environmental constraints in an energy intense world using: process network synthesis, energetic process enhancement concepts,…
(more)
▼ This dissertation presents novel realizations in balancing the economical and environmental constraints in an energy intense world using: process network synthesis, energetic process enhancement concepts, carbon dioxide utilization and the deployment of renewable energy resources. Such balance is achieved through effective control and planning over resources and conditions. The mathematical optimization framework developed in this body of work can be found in chapters 1 and 2 while their applications are developed in chapters 3 and 4. Chapter 1, introduce for the first time the Infinite Dimensional State-Space (IDEAS) based synthesis of reactor networks featuring multiple residence time distribution (MRTD) models in chapter 1. IDEAS is shown to be applicable to the MRTD synthesis problem containing a combination of Plug Flow reactor (PFR), Continuous Stirred-Tank Reactor (CSTR) and Segregated Laminar Flow Reactor (SLFR). The formulation which synthesis reactor networks featuring multiple residence time distribution (MRTD) guarantees global optimality through IDEAS based properties. Case studies featuring the Trambouze reaction scheme are carried out using the different reactor combinations and multiple selectivity and economical constraints.Chapter 2, presents for the first time a design and synthesize framework for the minimum number of units reactor networks with multiple Residence time density functions of diffrent reactor types using the Infinite Dimensional State-Space (IDEAS) method. The works combines the usage of Plug Flow Reactor (PFR) and Continuous Stirred-Tank Reactor (CSTR) in constructing the reactor networks using an IDEAS based Mixed Integer Linear Programing (MILP) formulation. Case studies featuring the Trambouze reaction scheme are carried out based on multiple process specification. This work expands the real life application potential of the work presented in chapter 1.In chapter 3, the newly developed concept of process energetics is applied to Steam Methane Reforming (SMR) to overcome the highly endothermic load challenge. The resulting process termed Energetically Enhanced Steam Methane Reforming (EESMR) is a non combustion process which means that the process related GHG emissions will receive favorable treatment in national carbon pricing programs. Chapter 4 presents an energetically self-sufficient process with zero carbon dioxide emissions for the production of electricity and chemicals from natural gas. The choice of product can be made based on environmental and economical constraints explained within the chapter. Natural Gas Chemical Power System (NGCPS) provides flexibility of choice when it comes to producing electricity, formic acid and hydrogen. The work further covers the environmental impact of thermochemical cycles in power production.
Subjects/Keywords: Chemical engineering; Cap and Trade; Carbon Tax; Energy; Optimization; Steam Methane Reforming
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Albassam, A. M. (2016). Energy Systems Optimization. (Thesis). UCLA. Retrieved from http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/5xt7j62r
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Albassam, Abdulrahman M. “Energy Systems Optimization.” 2016. Thesis, UCLA. Accessed March 06, 2021.
http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/5xt7j62r.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Albassam, Abdulrahman M. “Energy Systems Optimization.” 2016. Web. 06 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Albassam AM. Energy Systems Optimization. [Internet] [Thesis]. UCLA; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 06].
Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/5xt7j62r.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Albassam AM. Energy Systems Optimization. [Thesis]. UCLA; 2016. Available from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/5xt7j62r
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
25.
Kan, Sichao.
Analysis on the Effects of Environmental Policies for Deregulated Electricity Market using Multi-Agent Model : マルチエージェントモデルを用いた自由化された電力市場における環境政策の効果分析.
Degree: 修士(工学), 2017, The University of Tokyo / 東京大学
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2261/28099
► Power generation by the combustion of fossil fuels is a major source of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions.As a study shows that in fiscal year 2005,…
(more)
▼ Power generation by the combustion of fossil fuels is a major source of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions.As a study shows that in fiscal year 2005, 38% of Japan’s CO2 emissions came from power generation [1].Therefore, how to mitigate the Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions from the power sector is critical to anation’s overall environmental achievement./ With no doubt that environmental regulations will rise generation cost. Policy makers have to make sure that the increased electricity price is within the range that is acceptable both by power companies and by customers, and meanwhile achieve the most CO2 emissions reduction. To achieve this goal is not easy, especially when facing a liberalized electricity market, making the problem more complicated. / In order to gain insights into the changes of electricity market due to certain environmental policies and to assess the effectiveness of the policies, this work employed a multi-agent based model to simulate the liberalized electricity market under environmental regulations./ In the first chapter we gave a brief introduction of the global warming by focusing on the global power generation sector. The current electricity market of Japan, based on which our simulation was conducted was also introduced in this chapter./ The description of the basic elements of our model was given in the second chapter. Our model was developed based on multi-agent with the suppliers modeled as self-adaptive agents using Reinforcement Learning algorithm./ In the third chapter, we developed the model to evaluate the Carbon Tax and the Emission Trading policies. From the simulation results, the changes of market performance with the increasing of environmental cost were discussed. And the effectiveness of these policies on CO2 emissions reduction was also investigated. The simulation of this chapter was based on the wholesale electricity market of Japan, which has been fully liberalized./ Based on the model in chapter 2, we built a model for assessing the CO2 free electricity trading in chapter 4. The pilot trading has been started in the JEPX (Japan Electric Power Exchange), so the simulation of this chapter was based on the JEPX. We discussed how the suppliers and the demander changed their actions after the introduce of the CO2 free market. In this chapter the results of our model were also be compared to the results got by using the least-cost approach./ At last in the fifth chapter was the conclusions of this study and the future works.
Subjects/Keywords: Deregulated electricity market; Multi-agent; Carbon tax; Emission trading; CO2 free electricity trading
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Kan, S. (2017). Analysis on the Effects of Environmental Policies for Deregulated Electricity Market using Multi-Agent Model : マルチエージェントモデルを用いた自由化された電力市場における環境政策の効果分析. (Thesis). The University of Tokyo / 東京大学. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2261/28099
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Kan, Sichao. “Analysis on the Effects of Environmental Policies for Deregulated Electricity Market using Multi-Agent Model : マルチエージェントモデルを用いた自由化された電力市場における環境政策の効果分析.” 2017. Thesis, The University of Tokyo / 東京大学. Accessed March 06, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2261/28099.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Kan, Sichao. “Analysis on the Effects of Environmental Policies for Deregulated Electricity Market using Multi-Agent Model : マルチエージェントモデルを用いた自由化された電力市場における環境政策の効果分析.” 2017. Web. 06 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Kan S. Analysis on the Effects of Environmental Policies for Deregulated Electricity Market using Multi-Agent Model : マルチエージェントモデルを用いた自由化された電力市場における環境政策の効果分析. [Internet] [Thesis]. The University of Tokyo / 東京大学; 2017. [cited 2021 Mar 06].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2261/28099.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Kan S. Analysis on the Effects of Environmental Policies for Deregulated Electricity Market using Multi-Agent Model : マルチエージェントモデルを用いた自由化された電力市場における環境政策の効果分析. [Thesis]. The University of Tokyo / 東京大学; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2261/28099
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Royal Roads University
26.
Brown, Jason R L.
A Cap-and-Trade roadmap for Canada : lessons learned from international experiences
.
Degree: 2017, Royal Roads University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10613/5025
► In the pursuit of reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions through climate action planning policymakers have been establishing carbon pricing (Yamin, 2012). Through partnership with the…
(more)
▼ In the pursuit of reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions through climate action planning policymakers have been establishing carbon pricing (Yamin, 2012). Through partnership with the Western Climate Initiative (WCI) the provinces of British Columbia (BC), Manitoba, Ontario, and Quebec initially agreed to align their climate action plans under a common framework (Western Climate Initiative, 2010). The WCI outlines a cap-and-trade system as the main form of carbon pricing, which will need to continue to operate in conjunction with existing carbon taxation (World Bank Group, 2016). In contrast to carbon taxes, cap-and-trade requires wider policy design considerations in order to be effective. The experiences of international implementations are analyzed through a scoping review methodology. The scoping study of policy design on environmental performance is then contrasted to existing narratives surrounding cap-and-trade policies. Recommendations are outlined, including avoiding the drawbacks of other cap-and-trade implementations, including cost pass-through, and encouraging research on successful hybridization of instruments.
Subjects/Keywords: Canada;
Cap and trade;
cap-and-trade;
carbon tax;
cost pass through;
design
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Brown, J. R. L. (2017). A Cap-and-Trade roadmap for Canada : lessons learned from international experiences
. (Thesis). Royal Roads University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10613/5025
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Brown, Jason R L. “A Cap-and-Trade roadmap for Canada : lessons learned from international experiences
.” 2017. Thesis, Royal Roads University. Accessed March 06, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10613/5025.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Brown, Jason R L. “A Cap-and-Trade roadmap for Canada : lessons learned from international experiences
.” 2017. Web. 06 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Brown JRL. A Cap-and-Trade roadmap for Canada : lessons learned from international experiences
. [Internet] [Thesis]. Royal Roads University; 2017. [cited 2021 Mar 06].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10613/5025.
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation
Council of Science Editors:
Brown JRL. A Cap-and-Trade roadmap for Canada : lessons learned from international experiences
. [Thesis]. Royal Roads University; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10613/5025
Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

University of Melbourne
27.
Özkan, Şeyda.
A systems approach evaluating alternative dairy feeding strategies in south-east Australia.
Degree: 2012, University of Melbourne
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11343/37563
► The Australian dairy industry relies primarily on pasture for its feed supply. However, the variability in rainfall negatively effects plant growth, leading to uncertainty in…
(more)
▼ The Australian dairy industry relies primarily on pasture for its feed supply. However, the variability in rainfall negatively effects plant growth, leading to uncertainty in dryland feed supply, especially during periods of high milk price. New (complementary) systems combining perennial ryegrass with another crop and/or pasture species have potential to mitigate this seasonal risk and improve productivity and profitability by providing off-season feed. To date, the majority of research studying the integration of alternative crops into pasture-based systems has focused on substitution and utilisation of alternative feed sources. There has been little emphasis on the impacts of integration of forage crops on the production of surpluses or deficits in feed supply (pasture and pasture products such as hay and silage) for subsequent lactations. This study, unlike others where pasture consumption is estimated, uses actual annual pasture consumption rates measured over four years from an on-farm trial.
In addition, while the ultimate aim of adopting different feeding systems is to increase productivity and profitability of dairy farmers in Victoria, the benefits and costs associated with transitions of systems have to be addressed. These include whether alternative feeding systems produce different amounts of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and whether the proportions of carbon-based and nitrogen-based emissions produced in each system are comparable. Further, if a direct cost is placed on carbon emissions, whether Australian dairy farmers will seek mitigation strategies to reduce their GHG emissions. The impact of a direct price of carbon emissions on dairy farm operating profits has not been widely studied in Australia. This thesis examines and analyses actual systems data from two pasture-based feeding systems trials conducted in southern Australia. The systems examined are a ryegrass-based (RM) system comprising pasture and pasture silage and a complementary forage-based (CF) system comprising double-cropping (winter cereal crop followed by a summer grazing crop) as well as pasture and pasture silage.
A comparison of pasture production and pasture consumption profiles of the two pasture systems revealed that both are under supplied during the months of July, December, January, February and March (with at least a 50% probability). Feeding strategies were developed for the rest of the production year when the pasture production exceeded the pasture consumption. The integration of double-cropping systems into pasture-based dairy production systems in south-east Australia was investigated for providing feed at critical times of the production period to further increase milk production. The partial life cycle assessment (LCA) used to evaluate the GHG emissions produced in each feeding system indicated that the RM and the CF systems produced 9.6 t and 12.3 t of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2-eq) emissions per ha respectively. This…
Subjects/Keywords: feeding system; dairy; greenhouse gas emissions; nitrogen efficiency; carbon tax; operating profit
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Özkan, . (2012). A systems approach evaluating alternative dairy feeding strategies in south-east Australia. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Melbourne. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11343/37563
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Özkan, Şeyda. “A systems approach evaluating alternative dairy feeding strategies in south-east Australia.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Melbourne. Accessed March 06, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/11343/37563.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Özkan, Şeyda. “A systems approach evaluating alternative dairy feeding strategies in south-east Australia.” 2012. Web. 06 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Özkan . A systems approach evaluating alternative dairy feeding strategies in south-east Australia. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Melbourne; 2012. [cited 2021 Mar 06].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11343/37563.
Council of Science Editors:
Özkan . A systems approach evaluating alternative dairy feeding strategies in south-east Australia. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Melbourne; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11343/37563
28.
Fabre, Adrien.
Is decarbonization achievable? : essays on the economics of the energy transition : La soutenabilité est-elle possible ? : essais sur l'économie de la transition énergique.
Degree: Docteur es, Économie, 2020, Paris 1
URL: http://www.theses.fr/2020PA01E011
► Cette thèse s'interroge sur les conditions de réalisation d'une civilisation industrielle décarbonée et durable, en étudiant certains aspects de sa faisabilité physique et de son…
(more)
▼ Cette thèse s'interroge sur les conditions de réalisation d'une civilisation industrielle décarbonée et durable, en étudiant certains aspects de sa faisabilité physique et de son acceptabilité politique. Le Chapitre I étudie l'évolution du taux de retour énergétique dans différents scénarios prospectifs, et prédit que l'efficacité globale du secteur de l'électricité à fournir un surplus d'énergie serait réduite de moitié dans un scénario 100% renouvelable. Le Chapitre 2 souligne l'importance de la recyclabilité des métaux dans un modèle d'extraction optimale des métaux et des fossiles pour la production d'énergie. L'annexe au Chapitre 2 étend le théorème de Karush-Kuhn-Tucker au cas d'une série convexe sous un nombre fini de contraintes. Les Chapitres 3 et 4 se fondent sur une enquête auprès d'un échantillon représentatif de trois milles français, réalisée durant le mouvement des Gilets jaunes. Le Chapitre 3 étudie les croyances relatives à une taxe carbone avec dividende, mesure vantée pour lutter contre le changement climatique du fait de son efficacité et de sa progressivité. Si 70 % rejettent la taxe avec dividende. c'est en raison de perceptions pessimistes quant à ses propriétés : en contradiction avec les micro-simulations effectuées, la plupart pensent que leur ménage perdrait en pouvoir d'achat suite à la réforme, la perçoivent comme régressive et inefficace pour réduire la pollution et lutter contre le changement climatique. Le Chapitre 4 analyse les connaissances, les perceptions et les valeurs liées au changement climatique, examine les opinions relatives à la taxation du carbone et évalue le soutien à d'autres politiques climatiques.
This thesis examines the conditions for the realization of a decarbonized and sustainable industrial civilization by studying certain aspects of its physical feasibility and political acceptability. Chapter 1 studies the evolution of the Energy Return On Investment in different prospective scenarios, and predicts that the overall efficiency of the electricity sector to supply a net energy surplus would be halved in a 100% renewable scenario. Chapter 2 highlights the importance of metal recyclability in a model of optimal extraction of metals and fossil fuels for energy production. The annex to Chapter 2 extends the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker theorem to the case of a convex series under a finite number of constraints. Chapters 3 and 4 are based on a survey of a representative sample of three thousand French people, carried out during the Yellow vests movement. Chapter 3 examines beliefs about a carbon "tax & dividend", a measure touted to combat climate change because of its effectiveness and progressivity. If 70% reject the tax & dividend, it is because of pessimistic perceptions about its properties: in contradiction with the micro-simulations, most believe that their household would lose purchasing power with the reform, perceive it as regressive, and inefficient to reduce pollution and fight climate change. Chapter 4 analyses knowledge, perceptions and values related to…
Advisors/Committee Members: Fodha, Mouez (thesis director), Vidal, Olivier (thesis director).
Subjects/Keywords: Changement climatique; Attitudes; EROI; Taxe carbone; Climate change; Attitudes; EROI; Carbon tax; 333
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Fabre, A. (2020). Is decarbonization achievable? : essays on the economics of the energy transition : La soutenabilité est-elle possible ? : essais sur l'économie de la transition énergique. (Doctoral Dissertation). Paris 1. Retrieved from http://www.theses.fr/2020PA01E011
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Fabre, Adrien. “Is decarbonization achievable? : essays on the economics of the energy transition : La soutenabilité est-elle possible ? : essais sur l'économie de la transition énergique.” 2020. Doctoral Dissertation, Paris 1. Accessed March 06, 2021.
http://www.theses.fr/2020PA01E011.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Fabre, Adrien. “Is decarbonization achievable? : essays on the economics of the energy transition : La soutenabilité est-elle possible ? : essais sur l'économie de la transition énergique.” 2020. Web. 06 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Fabre A. Is decarbonization achievable? : essays on the economics of the energy transition : La soutenabilité est-elle possible ? : essais sur l'économie de la transition énergique. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Paris 1; 2020. [cited 2021 Mar 06].
Available from: http://www.theses.fr/2020PA01E011.
Council of Science Editors:
Fabre A. Is decarbonization achievable? : essays on the economics of the energy transition : La soutenabilité est-elle possible ? : essais sur l'économie de la transition énergique. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Paris 1; 2020. Available from: http://www.theses.fr/2020PA01E011
29.
Rego, Ben.
An Economic Perspective on a Carbon Management Program at the University of Michigan.
Degree: MS, School for Environment and Sustainability, 2019, University of Michigan
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/148817
► The recent UN IPCC special report stated that, in order to stay at or below 1.5 degrees of warming, greenhouse gas emissions will need to…
(more)
▼ The recent UN IPCC special report stated that, in order to stay at or below 1.5 degrees of
warming, greenhouse gas emissions will need to be reduced by 45 percent below 2010 levels in
the next decade, and reach net zero emissions by 2050. These are much steeper cuts than
previously estimated and as such, will require immediate collective action considering that
global emissions are still rising.
In February 2019, the University of Michigan announced the formation of the UM President’s
Commission on
Carbon Neutrality charged with charting a course to net zero
carbon emissions.
This report focuses on evaluating the marginal cost and abatement potential of different options
available to the university, such as a renewable energy power purchase agreement, the Central
Power Plant upgrade, and commoditized emissions reductions like cap-and-trade permits and
carbon offsets. Additionally, we examine the feasibility of instituting a
carbon tax on campus by
performing a simulation on selected schools to illustrate how different
tax levels and rebate
schemes would affect each schools’ budget. Recommendations:
● Begin Piloting a
Carbon Tax: Piloting will be a necessary step ahead of implementing a
tax university-wide. Given the time delay between piloting and implementing, the
university should act quickly to begin piloting a
carbon tax with different rebate and
revenue schemes so as to not unnecessarily delay implementation.
● Feedback on Revenue/Rebate Schemes: Throughout the pilot, they should collect data
and elicit feedback from participants to determine which uses of revenue are preferred,
how easy it is for units to estimate their yearly charges, and to what level to set the
tax.
● Central Power Plant Upgrade: The university should continue with the central power
plant upgrade if it is a prudent financial investment. They should also adjust their
estimated
carbon abatement from the upgrade to take into account the declining
carbon
intensity of the grid, and the methane leakage that occurs from wellhead to power plant.
●
Carbon Neutrality: The university should set an ambitious
carbon neutrality goal.
Through the use
carbon offsets and cap-and-trade permit retirements, there is no reason
why the university can’t achieve
carbon neutrality by 2020. In the next decade and
beyond, cap-and-trade permits or
carbon offsets can be seen not as a long-term solution,
but as a means of closing the emissions gap to
carbon neutrality, while also buying the
university time before investing in technological solutions.
● Technology Investments: The university should delay any further investments in
technology upgrades until the cost curves for those upgrades meet the cost curves for
carbon offsets and cap-and-trade permits. With solar PV, wind, and storage prices
expected to continue dropping in the coming decades, it would be unwise to invest now
as the university would be locked into an above market rate in just a few years’ time.
Advisors/Committee Members: Moore, Michael (advisor), Stolper, Sam (advisor), na, na (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: carbon management; carbon tax; carbon neutral; power purchase agreement
…incentives.
University of Michigan as a test bed for innovation
Developing a carbon tax program at… …A Carbon tax would be consistent with UM values
In a 2014 policy brief published in the… …universities should be test beds for carbon tax
programs. Seeing as how the primary role of… …they undertake that result, directly or indirectly, in emissions.
Implementing a carbon tax… …wide carbon tax would make unequivocal UM’s position as leaders on the carbon
abatement front…
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APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Rego, B. (2019). An Economic Perspective on a Carbon Management Program at the University of Michigan. (Masters Thesis). University of Michigan. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/148817
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Rego, Ben. “An Economic Perspective on a Carbon Management Program at the University of Michigan.” 2019. Masters Thesis, University of Michigan. Accessed March 06, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/148817.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Rego, Ben. “An Economic Perspective on a Carbon Management Program at the University of Michigan.” 2019. Web. 06 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Rego B. An Economic Perspective on a Carbon Management Program at the University of Michigan. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Michigan; 2019. [cited 2021 Mar 06].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/148817.
Council of Science Editors:
Rego B. An Economic Perspective on a Carbon Management Program at the University of Michigan. [Masters Thesis]. University of Michigan; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/148817

Delft University of Technology
30.
Koopman, M.W.M. (author).
Carbon Risk and Mitigating Strategies in the Maritime Industry: An investigation into the financial risk of the energy and climate transition, and its main drivers.
Degree: 2018, Delft University of Technology
URL: http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:72e27f57-7d62-46ba-a442-871c33c0ae86
► The shipping industry accounts for a significant share in global GHG emissions. Especially since Business as Usual (BaU) scenario studies project that the emissions due…
(more)
▼ The shipping industry accounts for a significant share in global GHG emissions. Especially since Business as Usual (BaU) scenario studies project that the emissions due to shipping could increase by 50 [%] to 250 [%] in the period to 2050 (IMO, 2015), shipowners face a potential regulatory threat. Major climate regulations for shipping already entered into force, and a range of possible instruments may be applied going forward. Possible instruments are among others, tightened EEDI limits, port discounts, ETS, or a
Carbon Tax. Besides the risk of direct regulation, there is also a risk of being indirectly impacted by energy and/or climate regulation in other sectors. The direct and indirect regulations can adversely impact the operations, cashflow, and economic value of enterprises of existing shipowners and charterers of ships. Shipowners and financiers that are unaware of these developments, or that do not take timely mitigating actions, may potentially face considerable financial losses. This research investigated and ranked the level of
Carbon Risk for shipowners across several sub sectors. The objective of the research was to: define, measure, and reveal the level of
Carbon Risk for shipowners and to assess mitigating strategies as part of the assessment of the bank’s exposure to
Carbon Risk. Typical core drivers, factors, and dependencies have been studied from literature in order to come up with an effective approach to capture the threat of
Carbon Risk. As a result, a
Carbon Risk framework is been developed, showing (inter)dependencies between all
Carbon Risk factors. By developing the framework, this research contributed to the current understanding of the (inter)dependencies between
Carbon Risk factors. In addition to the framework, typical
Carbon Risks have been identified for the shipping industry. This research focuses on Structural Risk. A
Carbon Tax is used as a proxy for Regulatory Risk and demand substitution (i.e. a 20 [%] reduction of cargo) is used as proxy for Substitution Risk. By distinguishing vessels by type and size, we account for different technical, operational, and market characteristics. We focus on crude oil tankers, container ships, and bulk carriers because they are the three most significant sectors from a CO2 perspective (IMO, 2015). The presented findings about the difference in impact between sub segments could have implications for risk premiums which financiers can set on loans. Also, given that the DCF of fuel-efficient investments is positive related to a
Carbon Tax, it is assumed that fuel efficient technologies and retrofits become more viable. Even before regulatory certainty, it is advised that shipowners and financiers (as part of their
Carbon Risk mitigation strategy) research fuel efficient mitigation options (technological investments) under different
Carbon Tax levels. Even without
Carbon pricing, efficiency measures generate significant cost savings. When there is certainty about future market-based measures, early adaptors/investors of viable…
Advisors/Committee Members: Mulder, A.J. (mentor), Frouws, Koos (mentor), Van der Voorde, Eddy (mentor), Hopman, Hans (graduation committee), Beelaerts van Blokland, Wouter (graduation committee), Delft University of Technology (degree granting institution).
Subjects/Keywords: GHG emissions; CO2; Carbon Risk; Carbon Risk framework; Climate change regulation; Carbon Tax; Demand Substitution; Financial impact; Mitigating strategies; Fuel efficiency investments; Shipping; Maritime Industry
Record Details
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Record Details
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❌
APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
Vancouver ·
CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Koopman, M. W. M. (. (2018). Carbon Risk and Mitigating Strategies in the Maritime Industry: An investigation into the financial risk of the energy and climate transition, and its main drivers. (Masters Thesis). Delft University of Technology. Retrieved from http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:72e27f57-7d62-46ba-a442-871c33c0ae86
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Koopman, M W M (author). “Carbon Risk and Mitigating Strategies in the Maritime Industry: An investigation into the financial risk of the energy and climate transition, and its main drivers.” 2018. Masters Thesis, Delft University of Technology. Accessed March 06, 2021.
http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:72e27f57-7d62-46ba-a442-871c33c0ae86.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Koopman, M W M (author). “Carbon Risk and Mitigating Strategies in the Maritime Industry: An investigation into the financial risk of the energy and climate transition, and its main drivers.” 2018. Web. 06 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Koopman MWM(. Carbon Risk and Mitigating Strategies in the Maritime Industry: An investigation into the financial risk of the energy and climate transition, and its main drivers. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Delft University of Technology; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 06].
Available from: http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:72e27f57-7d62-46ba-a442-871c33c0ae86.
Council of Science Editors:
Koopman MWM(. Carbon Risk and Mitigating Strategies in the Maritime Industry: An investigation into the financial risk of the energy and climate transition, and its main drivers. [Masters Thesis]. Delft University of Technology; 2018. Available from: http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:72e27f57-7d62-46ba-a442-871c33c0ae86
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