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Most part of the energy demand on the planet is derived from petroleum, a nonrenewable energy source that releases large amounts of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Many researches have been devoted to the development of renewable energy sources that are less agressive to the environment. Biodiesel is a renewable, non-toxic and less polluent fuel, thus being a potential alternative to mineral diesel. It is produced from vegetable oils or animal fats. The transformation of vegetable oil into biodiesel by transesterification reaction consisting of a reaction between triglyceride oil and a lower alcohol, usually methanol or ethanol. The soil and climate in BR is attractive to a diversity of oil plants that can be used in biodiesel production. Among them, it can mentioned the castor bean, which grows in regions with low rainfall, as the semi - arid northeastern region. This work aimed to study the effect of stirring and mixing in the production of biodiesel from castor oil via transesterification and methyl alkaline catalysis process. Stirring rate, molar ratio oil / alcohol, the impeller type, the reaction time, the temperature, presence or absence of baffles and catalyst type. Therefore, a fractional factorial design 27-2, having as variables was used. We initially determined the physicochemical properties of castor oil. The experiment was performed in duplicate, with the biodiesel yield in each reaction determined by gas chromatography. Separately the effects of binary variables and their interactions were analyzed, providing the preparation of the statistical model for the yield of biodiesel from castor beans. The best conditions for production of biodiesel from castor oil via transesterification methyl were: turbine impeller; without baffles, stirring speed of 500 rpm, molar ratio oil / alcohol 1:7, NaOH catalyst, reaction time of 30 min and temperature of 50ºC.

A maior parte da energia consumida no planeta é proveniente do petróleo, fonte de energia não renovável que lança grande quantidade de gases poluentes na atmosfera. Nesse sentido, pesquisas têm sido desenvolvidas na procura de fontes de energia renovável, que poluam menos o meio ambiente. O biodiesel é um combustível renovável, não tóxico e menos poluente, sendo assim, uma ótima alternativa ao diesel mineral. Ele é produzido a partir de óleos vegetais ou gordura animal. A transformação do óleo vegetal em biodiesel ocorre através da reação de transesterificação, que consiste em uma reação entre os triglicerídeos do óleo e um álcool de cadeia curta, geralmente metanol ou etanol. O Brasil apresenta solo e clima propício para desenvolvimento de uma diversidade de oleaginosas que podem ser usadas na produção de biodiesel. Entre elas, pode-se citar a mamona, que se desenvolve em regiões com baixo índice pluviométrico, como o semiárido na região nordeste. Este trabalho teve por objetivo estudar o efeito da agitação e mistura no processo de produção de biodiesel de mamona, via transesterificação metílica e catálise alcalina. Para tanto, foi utilizado um…

Advisors/Committee Members: Soletti, João Inácio, http://lattes.cnpq.br/9033957482568348, Carvalho, Sandra Helena Vieira de, http://lattes.cnpq.br/3726839467177985, Meili, Lucas, http://lattes.cnpq.br/3802018064427795, Dariva, Cláudio, http://lattes.cnpq.br/6913799864277174.

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With the press of the society on environmental issues and the requirement to produce more using fewer resources, became necessary to develop a way for companies to measure their environmental impacts. An instrument for examining the sustainability of the industry that indicates a relationship between economic activities and their cost or environmental impact is to use ecoindicators, also known as eco-efficiency indicators. The indicators are based on principles that ensure their environmental relevance, accuracy and usability in every business worldwide. The primary goal is to improve business performance and monitor it with verifiable measurements and thus relevant for both business managers and for the various stakeholders. The ecoindicators show themselves as been an important tool in the management of companies, assisting in the identification of waste and unnecessary, so the environment as the economy affects the business. With detailed analysis can assess opportunities for improvement, monitor performance and set goals based on the results. Currently many companies in the industrial chemical sector use the eco-indicators as a way to track the evolution of its environmental efficiency based on its own history. The challenge is to establish a standard for the calculation of ecoindicators for business or industrial unit and it becomes possible to obtain figures that represent the reality of the environmental efficiency of the business. That would be extremely advantageous to companies because it values the initiatives to reduce unnecessary consumption and environmental impacts associated with the production, stimulating competitiveness and seeking better environmental efficiency. This work aims to develop a methodology for calculating the eco-indicators of the chemical. Thus, a survey of existing equations and concepts in the literature was done by seeking the necessary assumptions for the calculation. It was difficult to determine an equation that represents effectively the consumption of natural resources and generation of waste, relating to the cost of production. In the case study the proposed equations were applied to some industrial units a producer of thermoplastic resins, being made a comparison with the existing practice of monitoring. The results were very positive, as the proposed methodology provides a higher level of detail of ecoindicators, according to the qualitative assessment conducted and its application has made possible an analysis of the environmental performance of the units. Moreover, some of the assumptions proposals have already been implemented in the company analyzed, yielding a new calculation procedure.

Com a cobrança da sociedade quanto às questões ambientais e a exigência de se produzir mais utilizando cada vez menos recursos, surgiu a necessidade de elaborar uma maneira para que as empresas pudessem mensurar seus impactos ambientais. Um instrumento para análise da sustentabilidade da indústria que indica uma relação entre atividades econômicas e seu custo ou impacto ambiental é…

Advisors/Committee Members: Carvalho, Sandra Helena Vieira de, http://lattes.cnpq.br/3726839467177985, Tavares Neto, Júlio Inácio Holanda, http://lattes.cnpq.br/4287246487119988, Soletti, João Inácio, http://lattes.cnpq.br/9033957482568348, Nicácio, José Jailson, http://lattes.cnpq.br/7986759552135066.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the catalytic activity of three complexes exhibiting Lewis acid character: butylstannoic acid, di-n-butyl-oxo-stannane and ibutyltin dilaurate. These catalysts were tested in ethanolysis of soybean oil in order to obtain a mixture of alkyl esters, known as biodiesel. The interest of this study is to verify the efficiency of catalysts in reactions of ethanolysis and determine the yield of biodiesel. Ethanol was employed as alcoholysis agent due their renewable nature and be less toxic than methanol. In all conditions tested the following order of activity can be established: DBTO> DBTDL> BTA. All experiments performed in the closed reactor shown higher yields compared to those obtained employing one reactor operating under reflux conditions. In the reactions carried out in the presence of ethanol, lower yields were obtained compared to methanol.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar a atividade catalítica de três complexos metálicos exibindo caráter ácido de Lewis: ácido butilestanóico, óxido de dibutil estanho e dibutildilaurato de estanho. Esses catalisadores foram testados na etanólise do óleo de soja visando a obtenção de uma mistura de ésteres alquílicos, denominada biodiesel. O interesse desse estudo é verificar a eficiência dos catalisadores em reações de etanólise e determinar o rendimento em biodiesel. O etanol foi empregado como agente de alcóolise por ser proveniente de fontes renováveis e ser menos tóxico que o metanol. Em todas as condições testadas a seguinte ordem de atividade pode ser estabelecida: DBTO > DBTDL > BTA. Todos os experimentos realizados no reator fechado apresentaram rendimentos superiores comparados ao reator operando em condições de refluxo. Nas reações conduzidas na presença do etanol, foram obtidos rendimentos inferiores, comparativamente ao metanol.

Advisors/Committee Members: Meneghetti, Simoni Margareti Plentz, http://lattes.cnpq.br/0280121582234738, Meneghetti, Mario Roberto, http://lattes.cnpq.br/6642503680426310, Silva, Antônio Osimar de Souza da, http://lattes.cnpq.br/5289388662589522, Silva Júnior, José Ginaldo da, http://lattes.cnpq.br/8024603839700200.

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Due to the growing concern for the environment, several Technologies for treatment of industrial effluents are being developed in order to minimize the impacts on water resources. Amid the various studied technologies, Advanced Oxidations Processes (AOPs) have received attention considerable. Among AOPs, the Fenton reaction, as source of generation hydroxyl radicals, has been outstanding. The Fenton reaction is the catalytic process of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by ferrous ion (Fe2+) generating hydroxyl radicals, (HO•). The hydroxyl radical has a high oxidizing power, which leads to a partial or total degradation of large number of pollutants compounds. The ferrous ion, in appropriate pH, has the coagulant properties and may contribute to the removal of suspended particles in solution. The efficiency of the Fenton reaction can be enhanced when combined with the settling process. Depending of effluent, the sedimentation may be a slow step that can to reduce the application process on an industrial scale. The use of settler can accelerate the process, allowing the use of the method and also in continuous flow and also the use of iron concentrations higher, increasing the efficiency of treatment. In this study it was evaluated the efficiency of the coagulation processes, Fenton / flocculation, and coagulation followed by Fenton / flocculation in the treatment of effluents from the paints industries. In this study also was projected a lamellar settler to accelerate the sedimentation process. The results confirmed the efficiency of Fenton reaction followed by coagulation / flocculation in the treatment of real effluent of paint industry. The treatment led to a reduction of approximately 95% of COD of effluent, it suitable for disposal. Applying the same technology, using the settler in the sedimentation processes, the efficiency of COD reduction was the same, however, the treatment time was about eight times lower. The application of the Fenton reaction followed by sedimentation trough the lamellar settling led to a reduction of 95% of COD of effluent. The system Fenton / flocculation with lamellar settler was the process more promising, due using of lower concentrations of reactants. The process can be applied in the treatment of industrial effluent, with advantages over conventional methods.

Em função da crescente preocupação com o meio ambiente diversas tecnologias de tratamento de efluentes industriais estão sendo desenvolvidas, visando minimizar os impactos gerados sobre os recursos hídricos. Em meio às diversas tecnologias estudadas, os Processos Oxidativos Avançados (POAs) têm recebido considerável atenção. Dentre os POAs a utilização da reação de Fenton como fonte geradora de radical hidroxila tem se destacado. A reação de Fenton consiste no processo catalítico de decomposição do peróxido de hidrogênio (H2O2) pelo íon ferroso (Fe2+) gerando os radicais hidroxila (HO•). Os radicais hidroxilas têm alto poder de oxidação, o que leva a uma degradação parcial ou total de inúmeros compostos poluentes.…

Advisors/Committee Members: Zanta, Carmem Lúcia de Paiva e Silva, http://lattes.cnpq.br/2268382620314191, Pimentel, Wagner Roberto de Oliveira, http://lattes.cnpq.br/6295057660083605, Huitle, Carlos Alberto Martinez, http://lattes.cnpq.br/2485073932883264, Silva Neto, Abel Coelho da, http://lattes.cnpq.br/0174325805037445.

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Currently there is a clear trend of increased production of heavier oils, as oil reserves with better quality are being depleted. This implies the development of new refining technologies for the processing of these oils in order to maximize the acquisition of liquid fuels that are the main demand of the markets. The main process of refining is the fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC process) that requires an acid catalyst able to crack the hydrocarbon molecules present in the feed. The problem is that the current catalysts, formulated with Y zeolite, which has small pores, do not allow access of large molecules. This project will be studied the synthesis of mesostructure materials from a gel formed by seeds of Y and ZSM-5 zeolites. Therefore, in this project, we studied the synthesis of materials mesoestruturados from a gel formed by seeds of zeolite Y and ZSM-5 which has been submitted or not to adjust the pH to the range of 8-10 by addition of acid. From the physico-chemical characterizations was observed that all samples formed a phase mesoporous MCM-41 type. It was found that the materials synthesized from seeds of zeolite ZSM-5 had evidence of the presence of seeds of the solid mesoporous zeolites, regardless of whether or not samples subjected to pH adjustment. While the materials synthesized from seeds of zeolite Y with only those adjust the gel pH to the range 8 to 10 before the hydrothermal crystallization seeds showed evidence of the X-ray diffractograms and infrared spectra, indicating that the use of gel with lower basicity to forming the mesophase preserves the seeds which were formed in the aging process

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Alagoas

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Atualmente há uma tendência clara do aumento da produção de óleos mais pesados, à medida que as reservas com petróleo de melhor qualidade forem sendo exauridas. Isto implica no desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias de refino para o processamento destes óleos, de modo a maximizar a obtenção de combustíveis líquidos que são a principal demanda dos mercados. O principal processo de refino de correntes pesadas é o craqueamento catalítico em leito fluidizado (Processo FCC) que exige um catalisador ácido capaz de “quebrar” as moléculas de hidrocarbonetos presentes na carga. O problema é que os catalisadores atuais, a base de zeólita Y, possui poros pequenos que não permitem o acesso de grandes moléculas. Neste projeto, foi estudada a síntese de materiais mesoestruturados a partir de um gel formado por sementes de zeólitas Y e ZSM-5 que foi submetidos ou não ao ajuste de pH para a faixa de 8-10 pela adição de ácido. A partir das caracterizações físico-químicas foi observado que todas as amostras formaram uma fase mesoporosa do tipo MCM-41. Constatou-se que os materiais sintetizados a partir de sementes de zeólita ZSM-5 apresentaram evidências da presença de sementes de zeólitas no sólido mesoporoso, independentemente das amostras serem ou não submetidas ao ajuste de pH. Enquanto que os…

Advisors/Committee Members: Silva, Antônio Osimar Sousa da, http://lattes.cnpq.br/5289388662589522, Almeida, Renata Maria Rosas Garcia, http://lattes.cnpq.br/3745446778086537, Silva Junior, José Ginaldo da, http://lattes.cnpq.br/8024603839700200.

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In a country of vast land area and a large agricultural potential such as Brazil, one of the biggest challenges is to develop arrays of energy from alternative sources of low cost, making them economically competitive. In this situation, several research institutions of the country have struggled to develop new alternatives, and among the various possibilities, we highlight the use of biomass residues for power generation by burning. The Terminalia catappa L. popularly known as walnut is a species adapted to all regions of Brazil, which make it a viable source of biomass. In this study, we evaluated the quality of some parts of the nut for energy purposes. The samples were crushed immediately after being collected and were made the following physico-chemical characterizations: gross calorific value, ash content, moisture and density. The calorific value observed for the species studied had values between 13 643 J / g to 18 842 J / g, especially if Pie castanets due to the higher amounts of available energy both in its fresh form with values of 18 620 J / g or as briquettes with values of 18 842 J / g, values that are considered satisfactory for biomass waste. The ash content of the samples had values between 2.89% to 6.54% for the sample is fresh and in form of briquettes values that are considered acceptable, with no losses of inert material. The humidity of the species studied ranged from 3.76% to 15.01% these results indicate that the sample can be burned without any drying process, promoting greater energy gain for the processes to be employed. The results suggest the potential use of the poles parts of the plant for power generation by burning. In addition, oil is extracted from almonds obtaining a yield of approximately 50% of oil and its properties and potential for the production of biodiesel were evaluated methyl and ethyl. The results showed that biodiesel and methyl ethyl obey the laws of biodiesel production determined by ANP No. 7.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Num país de imensa extensão territorial e com um grande potencial agrícola como o Brasil, um dos maiores desafios é desenvolver matrizes energéticas a partir de fontes alternativas de baixo custo, tornando-as competitivas economicamente. Diante desta situação, vários órgãos de pesquisa do país têm se esforçado para desenvolver novas alternativas e, entre as diversas possibilidades, destaca-se a utilização de resíduos de biomassa para geração de energia através da queima. A Terminalia Catappa L. conhecida popularmente por castanheira é uma espécie adaptável a todas as regiões do Brasil, o que a tornar uma fonte viável de biomassa. Nesse trabalho, avaliamos a qualidade de algumas partes da castanheira (folha, amêndoa, galho, torta) para fins energéticos tanto na sua forma in natura quanto na forma de briquetes. As amostras foram trituradas logo após serem coletadas e foram realizadas as seguintes caracterizações físico-químicas: poder calorífico superior, teor de cinzas, umidade e densidade. O poder calorífico…

Advisors/Committee Members: Meneghetti, Simoni Margareti Plentz, http://lattes.cnpq.br/0280121582234738, Meneghetti, Mario Roberto, http://lattes.cnpq.br/6642503680426310, Almeida, Renata Maria Rosas Garcia, http://lattes.cnpq.br/3745446778086537, Suarez, Paulo Anselmo Ziani, http://lattes.cnpq.br/8997745775645416.

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Former works of our group have demonstrated the potential of catalytic systems based on titanium and zirconium in esterification of fatty acidy derived from soybean oil, in the presence of methanol. From these results, it arise the interest of evaluate the behavior of these systems in the presence of ethanol in the transesterification of soybean oil and in the esterification of fatty acid derived from this oil. In this context, this study aimed to investigate the catalytic activity of catalysts, exhibiting general formula M(n-butoxide)x (maltolate)4-x where M is titanium or zirconium, on the ethylic esterification and transesterification of soybean oil and soybean fatty acids, for obtaining biodiesel. Six catalysts were synthesized, two based on titanium and ford based on zirconium, in which the amount of the ligand maltolate (3-hydroxi-2-methyl-4-pironate), and n-butoxide. The formation of the complexes was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy. The catalytic activity of these catalysts was evaluated in the ethylic esterification via acid-base titulation, and ethylic transesterification via gas chromatography. The complexes M(n-butoxide)x (maltolate)4-x proved to be active in esterification, with conversions up to 81%, and in the transesterification yields up to 19%. When ethanol is used, the reactivity is lower than that observed when methanol is employed. In addition, complexes of Zr showed catalytic activity higher than the complex Ti.

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Trabalhos anteriores do nosso grupo de pesquisa mostraram o potencial de sistemas catalíticos à base de titânio e zircônio em reações de esterificação de ácidos graxos do óleo de soja, na presença de metanol. A partir desses resultados, surgiu o interesse de avaliar o comportamento desses sistemas utilizando o etanol na transesterificação do óleo de soja e esterificação de ácidos graxos derivados desse óleo. Então o presente trabalho visou à utilização de catalisadores de fórmula geral M (n-butóxido)x(maltol)4-x, onde M é o titânio ou zircônio, na reação de esterificação e transesterificação etílica do óleo de soja e ácidos graxos de soja, para obtenção do biodiesel. Foram investigados seis catalisadores, dois de titânio e quatro de zircônio, nos quais foi variada a quantidade de ligante maltolato (3-hidroxi-2-metil-4-pironato) e n-butóxido. A formação dos complexos foi confirmada por espectroscopia na região do infravermelho médio. A atividade catalítica desses catalisadores foi avaliada na reação de esterificação etílica através da titulação ácido-base e na reação de transesterificação etílica através da cromatografia gasosa. Os complexos do tipo M(n-butóxido)x(maltol)4-x se mostraram ativos em reações de esterificação com conversões de até 81% e na reação transesterificação com rendimento de 19%. Quando se emprega o etanol, a reatividade é inferior àquela observada quando se emprega o metanol. Além disso, os complexos de zircônio apresentaram atividade catalítica superior aos complexos de titânio.

Advisors/Committee Members: Meneghetti, Mario Roberto, http://lattes.cnpq.br/6642503680426310, Meneghetti, Simoni Margareti Plentz, http://lattes.cnpq.br/0280121582234738, Silva, Antônio Osimar de Sousa da, http://lattes.cnpq.br/5289388662589522, Egues, Silvia Maria da Silva, http://lattes.cnpq.br/8029656203911141.

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Nowadays, the food industry is one of activities that fastest growing on the planet due to the demand for food, which ends up generating a lot of waste solids, liquids and gases that can contaminate / pollute water and soil. One of the food industry which generates a significant amount of waste is the coconut processing industry. In order to minimize the environmental impact is necessary to use some techniques in treatment of this wastewater that are efficient and economically viable. Between these techniques currently being studied, Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) have received considerable attention due to the high efficiency in wastewater treatment and low operating cost. Among the AOPs, the application of the Fenton reaction and the Electrochemical process has been outstanding. These techniques have low toxicity and high efficiency for the mineralization of most organic pollutant compounds. However, due to the complexity of some effluents, the application of a single technique is not sufficient to adjust the effluent for disposal, thus, the association of the electrochemical technology and the Fenton reaction makes the process still more promising. The objective of this study was to evaluate the application of the Fenton reaction and the electrochemical process to treat wastewater generated by the coconut industry by applying the individual processes and associates. In this study was treated a synthetic wastewater composed of a mixture of coconut milk / water, and it was evaluated the influences of the Fenton reactants concentration, the cathode material used, the applied current density, and applying the individual technologies, associated (one after the other) or both carried out simultaneously. The results confirmed the efficiency of individual technologies for the treatment of effluent and were obtained the reduction of 99%, 88% and 86% for turbidity, COD and TOC, respectively, for the reaction Fenton followed by sedimentation; and 93% and 75% for turbidity and COD, respectively, for the electrochemical process employed DSA as cathode and anode. The associated technologies the reductions were 96%, 86% and 82% for turbidity, COD and TOC, respectively, for the system DSA / carbon + Fenton reactions. Therefore, the results indicate that both the individual and the associated technologies are quite effective in treating the effluent from the coconut processing industry .

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A indústria alimentícia é hoje uma das atividades que mais crescem em todo o planeta, devido à grande demanda por alimentos, o que acaba gerando uma grande quantidade de resíduos sólidos, líquidos e gasosos que podem contaminar/poluir a água e o solo. Uma das indústrias alimentícias que gera uma quantidade significativa de resíduos é a indústria de processamento de coco. Visando minimizar o impacto ambiental é necessário utilizar algumas técnicas de tratamento desses efluentes que sejam eficientes e economicamente viáveis. Dentre essas técnicas atualmente estudadas, os…

Advisors/Committee Members: Zanta, Carmem Lúcia de Paiva e Silva, http://lattes.cnpq.br/2268382620314191, Pimentel, Wagner Roberto de Oliveira, http://lattes.cnpq.br/6295057660083605, Huitle, Carlos Alberto Martinez, http://lattes.cnpq.br/2485073932883264, Silva Neto, Abel Coelho da, http://lattes.cnpq.br/0174325805037445.

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This memorial covers the route of teacher training for the use of information and communication technology (ICT) in the teaching of basic education and higher education technology, through the reporting of training activities conducted by Teacherr Luís Paulo Leopoldo Market, from 1989 to 2014. the study rescues teacher training, to adapt to new types of concepts ensinagem. Address the scenario of teaching practices in contexts with ICT use, requiring continuing education for academics, demand new approaches and tea¬ching methods to maintain student motivation and allow teachers and students to be au¬thors and disseminators of knowledge of their research projects and learning environments on the Internet. Presents the challenges of using ICT in university teaching: specific skills from the training, knowledge of pedagogical tools of ICT, pedagogical mediation between students, groups and learning materials, collaborative knowledge production and the need to develop new pedagogical practices. This memorial to the life history and biographical narratives describing experiences of digital literacy in higher education in disciplines of undergraduate and post-graduation, in which the authors were analyzed using multiple lan-guages involving blogs, building maps, comics were used , papers, case studies, webquests, video production, among other possibilities. In these formative experiences are discussed literacy practices and teacher training on the demands arising from the needs of teacher training for the use of ICT in higher education. Keywords: Information and Communication Technology; Digital literacy; Higher education; Training of teachers.

Este memorial aborda o percurso da formação de professores para uso das tecnologias da informação e comunicação (TIC) na docência da educação básica e do ensino superior, através do relato das ações formativas conduzidas pelo professor doutor Luís Paulo Leopol¬do Mercado, no período de 1989 a 2014. O estudo resgata a formação do professor, até a adaptação dos conceitos aos novos modelos de ensinagem. Aborda o cenário das práticas pedagógicas em contextos com uso de TIC, que exigem formação continuada de professores universitários, demandam novas abordagens e métodos de ensino para se manter a moti¬vação do aluno e possibilitam que professores e alunos sejam autores de conhecimentos e divulgadores de suas pesquisas e projetos em ambientes de aprendizagem na internet. Apresenta os desafios do uso das TIC na docência universitária: competências específicas desde a formação, conhecimento dos instrumentos pedagógicos das TIC, mediação pedagó¬gica entre alunos, grupos e material didático, produção de conhecimento colaborativo e a necessidade do desenvolvimento de novas práticas pedagógicas. Neste memorial foi utilizada a história de vida e narrativas biográficas para descrever experiências de letramento digital no ensino superior em disciplinas da graduação e pós-graduaçao, nas quais foram analisadas a autoria por meio de múltiplas linguagens envolvendo blogs, construção de mapas,…

Advisors/Committee Members: Pretto, Nelson de Lucca, http://lattes.cnpq.br/1504621070252946, Bastos Filho, Jenner Barretto, http://lattes.cnpq.br/5357464861909269, Melo Neto, José Francisco de, http://lattes.cnpq.br/5514042389040539.

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Food industrialization may contribute positively when it allows the use of exceeding of crops, reducing wasting, contributing with incentive and diversification of agriculture production as well as adding value to production. Centered at the Mundau River Valey, the lime orange growth has in the Santana of Mundau County its major reference and main production in Northeastern Brazil. Despite the advantages and facilities, investments in the citrus agriculture in the State are still limited, resulting in lowproductivity and dispose of the exceeding products of the region. This work had the intention of developing technologies for full use of the exceeding production of lime orange of the State of Alagoas, evaluating the commercial viability and acceptation of the lime orange vinegar under different conditions of aging. The fermentative process was performed in two steps, the first one was the ethanolic fermentation and then the acetic fermentation, both being carried with chemical-physical and sensorial analysis. The lime orange’s ethanolic substrate obtained was according to the legislation and was well accepted by the consumers. Many studies were performed for the making of the vinegar, being the Orleans process – with a few modifications – the one with the best results. The first lime orange vinegar was obtained after a month and twenty six days, showing 4.41% acidity in acetic acid, 0.1 °GL residual alcohol by volume and pH 2.70. The other ones took less time to be made. The aging of vinegar was made with different treatments using pieces of wood of eucalyptus, pino, pine, cinnamon, pieces of cork, under physical conditions of presence and absence of light, with plastic bottles (PET type), aiming for a product with suave flavor and smell. The vinegar types were all in accordance with the demands of the Brazilian legislation for ethanol, acidity, ashes and pH analysis except the dry extract analysis of the vinegar under the one month long cork aging simulation. The vinegar under the light absent aging simulation showed color more intensively then the ones in the presence of light. The ones tested by the sensorial analysis of color and smell indicated lighter color and less acetic acid concentration, being more accepted. The sensorial analysis showed that the aging period should not exceed 42 days and that the pine generated a more accepted product. Such results allow value attachment to the lime orange culture at the region, fulfilling an environmental function avoiding loss and/or inappropriate discard of the product. The artisan way of obtaining vinegar is one of the technological alternatives for the use of the fruits, which can be utilized in rural areas or even, commercialized, attaching value to the culture with the diversification of a new product.

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A industrialização de alimentos pode contribuir de maneira marcante ao permitir o aproveitamento de excedentes de safra, reduzindo desperdícios,…

Advisors/Committee Members: Abud, Ana Karla de Souza, http://lattes.cnpq.br/2720547210430667, Vasconcellos, João Nunes de, http://lattes.cnpq.br/2982704011093721, Oliveira Junior, Antônio Martins de, http://lattes.cnpq.br/6812943821298890.

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The ZSM-22 zeolite is a microporous crystalline structure which has dimensional solid belonging to the group called molecular sieves. It is common in their synthesis the use of structure direct agents (SDA's), also called direct organic only, which are costly and render the production of the material on an industrial scale. Furthermore, the crystallization times for the formation of the material are around 20 hours. In this work we propose the development of a synthesis route for the ZSM -22 more economically, from a reaction mixture free from organic director and containing seeds of crystallization. Seeds were synthesized by the hydrothermal method at 160 °C in the presence of 1,6- diaminohexane organic template. Samples of ZSM -22 was synthesized by hydrothermal and hydrosolvothermal at a temperature of 170 °C and fixed percentage of seeds (10%) methods, employing the following reagents: methanol, sodium silicate, aluminum sulfate, potassium hydroxide and sulfuric acid. Through systematic variations in synthesis parameters: content of methanol (0 and 4 mol), SiO2/Al2O3 ratio (50 and 100), alkalinity or basicity of the medium (0.2 and 0.4) and ratio of cations : Na + / Na + + K + ( 0 and 0.5) found that the best conditions for the formation of ZSM -22 . The products were characterized by diffraction X-ray method (XRD). According to the results of crystallinity, the best samples are also characterized by thermal analysis (TG/DTG), nitrogen adsorption at 77 K (BET) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

A ZSM-22 é uma zeólita que apresenta estrutura cristalina microporosa unidimensional pertencente ao grupo de sólidos denominados de peneiras moleculares. É comum em sua síntese à utilização de agentes direcionadores de estrutura (SDA's), também chamados apenas de direcionador orgânico, que são de custo elevado e inviabilizam a produção do material em escala industrial. Além disso, os tempos de cristalização para formação do material gira em torno de 20 horas. Neste trabalho é proposto o desenvolvimento de uma metodologia de síntese para a ZSM-22 mais econômica, partindo de uma mistura reacional isenta de agente direcionador de estrutura e contendo sementes de cristalização. As sementes foram sintetizadas pelo método hidrotérmico à 160ºC na presença do direcionador orgânico 1,6-diaminohexano. As amostras de ZSM-22 foram sintetizadas pelos métodos hidrotérmico e hidrosolvotérmico à temperatura de 170ºC e percentual fixo de sementes (10% em relação ao SiO2), empregando os seguintes reagentes: metanol, silicato de sódio, sulfato de alumínio, hidróxido de potássio e ácido sulfúrico. Através de variações sistemáticas nos parâmetros de síntese: teor de metanol (0 e 4 mol), razão SiO2/Al2O3 (50 e 100), alcalinidade ou basicidade do meio (0,2 e 0,4) e razão dos cátions: Na/Na + K (0 e 0,5), onde constatou-se as melhores condições de formação da ZSM-22. Os produtos obtidos foram caracterizados pelo método de difratometria de raios-x (DRX). Partindo dos resultados de cristalinidade, as melhores amostras também foram…

Advisors/Committee Members: Silva , Antonio Osimar Sousa da, http://lattes.cnpq.br/5289388662589522, Araujo, Antonio Souza de, http://lattes.cnpq.br/9770622597949866, Meneghetti, Simoni Margareti Plentz, http://lattes.cnpq.br/0280121582234738.

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The residue generated in a greater proportion in the exploration of oil is the water production, which can be associated with the oil produced. The produced water has high salinity, oil particles in suspension, chemicals added in various production processes, heavy metals and other contaminants. It makes the water produced a pollutant whose improper disposal can cause damages to the environmental. Seeking to improve the treatment of produced water, this work aims to study the adsorption of the produced water using bagasse and bagacilho from sugar cane as bioadsorbents. The adsorption is an easy scaling operation and it is an effective procedure for removal of contaminants in various processes, and has focus in the area of wastewater treatment. Characterization was carried out through the using of oil analysis: density, kinematic viscosity. The characterization of waste adsorbents (bagasse and bagacilho) was carried through the analysis of moisture, particle size, ash content and scanning electron microscopy (MEV), which was used to investigate the crystal structure and morphology of the samples. Adsorption isotherm models were evaluated for fit to the experimental data for both residues: bagasse and bagacilho. We used the models of Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin-Radushkevich e Temkin isotherms. The reaction kinetics was evaluated using the model of Lagergren pseudo first order model of Ho and McKay pseudo second order. The results of batch experiments were satisfactory for the treatment of produced water using bagasse and sugarcane bagacilho as adsorbent agents.

O resíduo gerado em maior proporção na exploração de petróleo é a água de produção, que pode ou não estar associada ao óleo produzido. A água produzida possui alta salinidade, partículas de óleo em suspensão, produtos químicos adicionados nos diversos processos de produção, metais pesados, entre outros contaminantes. Isto a torna um poluente cujo descarte indevido pode provocar danos ao meio ambiente. Buscando a melhoria no tratamento da água produzida, este trabalho tem por objetivo estudar a adsorção de óleo de água de produção de petróleo utilizando bagaço e bagacilho da cana de açúcar como agentes bioadsorventes. A adsorção se mostra uma operação unitária muito estudada, robusta, de fácil escalonamento e operação, pois é um processo eficaz para a remoção de contaminantes em diversos processos, possuindo como foco a área de tratamento de efluentes. Foi realizada a caracterização do petróleo utilizado através das análises: densidade e viscosidade cinemática. A caracterização dos resíduos adsorventes (bagaço e bagacilho) foi realizada por meio da análise de umidade, granulometria, teor de cinzas e a microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) foi empregada para investigar a estrutura cristalina e morfologia das amostras. Modelos de isotermas de adsorção foram avaliados quanto ao ajuste aos dados experimentais para ambos os resíduos: bagaço e bagacilho. Foram utilizados os modelos de isotermas de Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin – Radushkevich e Temkin. A…

Advisors/Committee Members: Meili, Lucas, http://lattes.cnpq.br/3802018064427795, Soletti, João Inácio, http://lattes.cnpq.br/9033957482568348, Carvalho, Sandra Helena Vieira de, http://lattes.cnpq.br/3726839467177985, Bertuol, Daniel Assumpção, http://lattes.cnpq.br/7979212992364682.

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Due to the necessity of exploring new energy resources and growing concern about the environment is that studies and researches have been conducted on the intention to propose alternative uses for waste material, previously discarded, the example of waste of agricultural origin that are presented as strong candidates for biomass for energy generation. Considering the high generation of waste biomass of green coconut in Maceió-AL, through the consumption of the fruit by the industrial bottling coconut water and fresh consumption of fruits sold by traders the edge of Maceió, estimated at 1430 tonnes produced annually. This paper proposes the use of agro-industrial waste, in the form of briquettes, substituted firewood, mostly originating from illegal source, and used to obtain thermal energy in industrial furnaces. We evaluated the energy potential of biomass , their physicochemical characteristics pre and post briquetting, the processes involved in the production of briquettes from the bark of the coconut, which after processing can be classified powder and fiber, with 12% moisture showed a high calorific of 18,5 MJ/kg and 19,5 MJ/kg respectively. Furthermore, we evaluated the market for briquettes city from major manufacturers to current and potential customers, identifying a large space in trade for using the briquettes of coconut husk.

Diante da necessidade da busca por novos recursos energéticos e da crescente preocupação com o meio ambiente, estudos e pesquisas vêm sendo realizados com o objetivo de propor alternativas para o uso de resíduos antes descartados, a exemplo dos resíduos de origem agrícola, que se apresentam como fortes candidatos à biomassa para geração de energia. A alta geração de biomassa residual do coco verde na cidade de Maceió -AL, originária do consumo in natura dos frutos vendidos por comerciantes na orla da cidade e do consumo do fruto por parte das indústrias de envase de água de coco, foi estimada em 1.430 toneladas produzidas anualmente nos pontos de estudo. O presente trabalho avaliou a utilização deste resíduo agroindustrial, sob forma de briquete, como substituto à lenha, na maioria das vezes oriunda de fonte ilegal e utilizada na obtenção de energia térmica em fornos industriais. Foi determinado o potencial energético dessa biomassa, suas características físico-químicas pré e pós-briquetagem e os processos envolvidos na produção de briquetes a partir da casca do coco verde. Após processamento, os mesmos foram classificados em briquetes de pó e de fibra, apresentando 12% de umidade e elevado poder calorífico, com 18,5 MJ/kg e 19,5 MJ/kg, respectivamente. Analisou-se, ainda, o mercado de briquetes na cidade, desde os principais fabricantes aos atuais e possíveis consumidores, identificando um grande espaço no comércio para o uso do briquete de casca de coco verde.

Advisors/Committee Members: Abud, Ana Karla de Souza, http://lattes.cnpq.br/2720547210430667, Barcellos, Karla Miranda, http://lattes.cnpq.br/5086092422954417, Carvalho, Sandra Helena Vieira de, http://lattes.cnpq.br/3726839467177985, Cruz, Antonio José Gonçalves da, http://lattes.cnpq.br/1812806190521028, Souza, José Edmundo Accioly de, http://lattes.cnpq.br/0792072558436833.

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Bioethanol is an environmentally friendly fuel, obtained from different renewable sources, which can be sweetened raw materials, starch or cellulose. One of the factors that influence cell proliferation and transformation efficiency of sugar into ethanol is the need of nutritional yeast during ethanol fermentation processes. The use of cassava for the production of ethanol as an alternative presents itself, generating mainly the improvement in income distribution in regions of low population density. However, further study is needed to process improvement, contributing to its viability. This study evaluates the fermentation kinetics of enzymatic and acid hydrolysates with and without nutritional supplementation, obtained mixing two types of cassava grown in the municipality of Junqueiro-AL. Fermentations were conducted in simple batch in oven at 30°C, with commercial yeast and nutritional supplement made with nutrient used in distilleries in the State. The kinetics of the fermentation process was monitored by determining the cell concentration (X), total soluble solids (Brix), reducing sugars (AR), total reducing sugars (ART) and ethanol (E). At the end of fermentation parameters were determined conversion factor substrate in cells (YX/S), conversion factor substrate in ethanol (YE/S) conversion factor cell in ethanol (YE/X), ethanol productivity (PE), cells productivity (PX), fermentation efficiency (nf (%)) and process efficiency (np (%)). The results showed that the use of acid and enzymatic hydrolysis treatment of flour generated sufficient sugar for the fermentations, showing satisfactory yields, being 80,15% ± 0,78 for the acid hydrolysis, and 98,02 ± 0,26 for enzymatic hydrolysis. The results obtained at the end of fermentation for the medium based of acid hydrolyzate without nutritional supplementation (HASN), the medium based of acid hydrolyzate with nutritional supplementation (HACN), the medium based of enzymatic hydrolyzate without nutritional supplementation (HESN) and the medium based of enzymatic hydrolyzate with nutritional supplement (HECN), in that order, were: 48,09, 48,11, 49,59 and 49,45 g/L for ethanol concentration; 1,57, 1,57, 1,63 and 1,60 g/L.h for productivity in ethanol (PE); 80,23, 82,14, 84,15 and 80,23% for the fermentation efficiency (nf (%)); and 76,45, 76,37, 82,40 and 79,86% for process efficiency (np (%)).

O etanol é um biocombustível ambientalmente correto, obtido de diversas fontes renováveis, que podem ser matérias-primas açucaradas, amiláceas ou celulósicas. Um dos fatores que influenciam na multiplicação celular e na eficiência de transformação de açúcar em etanol é a necessidade nutricional das leveduras durante o processo de fermentação etanólica. A utilização de mandioca para a fabricação de etanol apresenta-se como alternativa, gerando, principalmente, a melhoria na distribuição de renda nas regiões de baixa densidade populacional. Todavia, ainda é necessário estudos para aprimoramento do processo, contribuindo para sua viabilidade. Este trabalho avalia a cinética da…

Advisors/Committee Members: Almeida, Renata Maria Rosas Garcia, http://lattes.cnpq.br/3745446778086537, Abud, Ana Karla de Souza, http://lattes.cnpq.br/2720547210430667, Vasconcelos, João Nunes de, http://lattes.cnpq.br/2982704011093721, Albuquerque, Eliane Christine de Magalhães Cabral, http://lattes.cnpq.br/1624091546521389.

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Due to the requirement for economic sustainability, studies on the use of biomass or biofuels to energy obtention has increased in recent years. Biomass energy is obtained by burning wood, bagasse, forest and agricultural residues, among others. Nowadays, renewable resources represent about 20% of total energy supply in the world and biomass is about 14%. The production of electricity from biomass is currently advocated as very important alternative for developing countries. The present work aims to study species adaptable to northeastern of Brazil for energy generation. In this context, Cnidoscolus quercifolius (faveleira) and Annona muricata L. (graviola), are characterized as raw materials with potential use for alternative energy source. Besides the possibility of evaluating the various parts of the plant for power generation, it is possible to employ the seeds, due their high content of oil which can be used as a source of triacylglycerols for the biodiesel production.

Devido à busca pela sustentabilidade econômica, estudos sobre obtenção de energia através do uso direto biomassa ou de biocombustíveis, tem aumentando nos últimos anos. A energia da biomassa é obtida através da combustão de lenha, bagaço de cana, resíduos florestais, resíduos agrícola, entre outros. Já a energia proveniente do biodiesel é obtida através de sua síntese a partir de fontes vegetais ou seu uso como combustível líquido. Dessa forma a energia gerada é renovável. Hoje os recursos renováveis apresentam cerca de 20% de suprimento total de energia no mundo, sendo que só de biomassa seria da ordem de 14%. A produção de energia elétrica a partir da biomassa, atualmente, é muito defendida como importante alternativa para países em desenvolvimento. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo estudar espécies adaptáveis ao nordeste brasileiro para geração de energia. Nesse contexto, cnidoscolus quercifolius Pax et K. Hoffm (faveleira) e annona muricata L. (graviola), se caracterizam como matérias-primas com potencial uso para fonte alternativa de energia. Além da possibilidade de avaliação das várias partes da planta na geração de energia, existe a possibilidade de empregar as sementes. As mesmas contêm alto teor de óleo que pode ser empregado como fonte de triacilgliceróis para a produção de biodiesel e a torta, resultante da extração, pode ser igualmente avaliada como resíduo de biomassa.

Advisors/Committee Members: Menghetti, Simoni Margareth Plentz, http://lattes.cnpq.br/0280121582234738, Meneghetti, Mario Roberto, http://lattes.cnpq.br/6642503680426310, Silva, Antônio Osimar Sousa da, http://lattes.cnpq.br/5289388662589522, Costa, João Gomes da, http://lattes.cnpq.br/0449078764189687.

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The maize (Zea mays L.), due to its importance in human and animal diet, is one of the most widespread crop in the world. In Brazil, it is cultivated in almost all regions, due to this, has been the focus of agrometeorological modeling for decades. The AquaCrop model was used in this work in order to simulate the total biomass and daily yield, and get the corn crop forecast for the region of Arapiraca, Alagoas. The model uses the canopy cover (CC), instead of leaf area index (LAI) as a basis for separate calculations of the plant transpiration and evaporation of soil water. The productivity is calculated as the product of biomass and harvest index (HI). The input data of model experiments were performed by Medeiros (2008), in Batingas town in the country of Arapiraca-AL. For four seasons of sowing, the results of soil water storage simulated by the model AquaCrop tended to be similar to those observed variation. However, for the third sowing date had observed the storage maximum value (171.66 mm) at 35 DAE, whereas the maximum simulated (115.0 mm) occurred at 24 DAE. For the final yield biomass (kg ha-1) the maximum and minimum values observed (simulated) ranged from 13.059 (11.861) and 9.873 (8.306) for 3rd and 4th season of planting, respectively. The simulated grain yield was between 4.406 and 2.069 kg ha-1 for the 3rd and 4th sowing time, underestimating by 2.0% (3rd SS) and overestimated by 5.1% (4th SS). The overestimation of the 4th season of sowing due to the adjustment of the depth of the root system at 0.75 m, where for the other seasons of sowing depth considered was 0.60 m (MEDEIROS et al., 2008). The AquaCrop model is a tool to predict corn yield of the AL Bandeirante variety. This procedure allows for adequate estimation of grain yield with 18 days prior to harvest in the Agreste region of Alagoas, providing end users of the model program storage, logistics and marketing of grain crop to be harvested.

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Alagoas

O milho (Zea mays L.), devido a sua importância na dieta alimentar humana e animal, é uma das culturas mais difundidas no mundo. No Brasil, é cultivado em praticamente todas as regiões, devido a isto, tem sido foco da modelagem agrometeorológica por décadas. O modelo AquaCrop foi utilizado nesse trabalho com o objetivo de simular a produção de biomassa total e diária, produtividade de grãos, bem como obter a previsão de safra do milho para região de Arapiraca, Alagoas. O modelo usa a cobertura do dossel (CD), em vez do índice de área foliar (IAF), como base para calcular separadamente a transpiração das plantas e a evaporação da água do solo. A produtividade é calculada como o produto da biomassa e do índice de colheita (IC). Os dados de entrada do modelo foram de experimento realizado por Medeiros (2008), no povoado Batingas no município de Arapiraca-AL. Para as quatro épocas de semeio, os resultados do armazenamento de água no solo simulados pelo modelo AquaCrop apresentaram tendência de variação similar aos valores observados. Porém, para terceira…

Advisors/Committee Members: Souza, José Leonaldo de, CPF:78658214668, SOUZA, José Leonaldo de, Maia, Stoecio Malta Ferreira, CPF:61535745304, http://lattes.cnpq.br/6110419050119583, Lyra, Guilherme Bastos, CPF:02415553450, http://lattes.cnpq.br/1815395937563072, Moura Filho, Gilson, CPF:22406840549, MOURA FILHO, G..

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The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different doses of silicon, applied to the soil, in biological development of Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith, 1979) (Lepdoptera: Noctuidae). It was developed in two phases, the first one in a greenhouse and Laboratory of Entomology and the second one in a field, both at the Centre of Agricultural Sciences of Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Rio Largo, AL. The design experiment was completely randomized in blocks at random, for the first and second stages, respectively. Five were used in both treatments, which were represented by different doses of silicon (without application; 500kg.ha-1 of SiO2; 1.000kg.ha-1 of SiO2; 1.500kg.ha-1 of SiO2 and 2.000kg.ha-1 of SiO2) applied to the soil with calcium silicate and magnesium 10.5% silicon, divided into two applications. The first step tests were performed to evaluate resistance (in greenhouse and in the laboratory), with fisrts instar caterpillars from the creation of maintenance, in the first 24hours after the outbreak. The second step was performed in a total area of 128,5m², divided into four blocks, where we evaluated the injuries caused by the plague in four different seasons (15, 30, 45 and 60 days after plants emergence), the infestation and productivity. To evaluate injury, we used a grading scale proposed by CARVALHO (1970). The note data obtained from four evaluations, were transformed in and the medium subjected to the analysis of variance and compared by Tukey test at a significant level of 5%. For the results it is possible to end what to applications of silicate of calcium and magnesium in pots in house of vegetation, did not interfere in the number of instar and not even in the duration of the phase larval and pupal. However, all the treatments that received silicon interfere positively in the weight and length of caterpillars of S. frugiperda in the very development. The applications of silicate of calcium and magnesium, in furrow in the planting and in covering, do not interfere in the productivity and not even in the insults provoked for S. frugiperda in the culture of the corn. However, it was noticed that the percentage of infestation was small when it was used 500 kg.ha-1 of SiO2, to the 15 and 45 DAE.

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Alagoas

O estudo foi realizado visando avaliar o efeito de diferentes doses de silício, aplicado via solo, no desenvolvimento biológico de Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith, 1797) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Foi desenvolvido em duas etapas, sendo a primeira em telado e no Laboratório de Entomologia e a segunda em campo, ambos no Centro de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Rio Largo, AL. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado e em blocos ao acaso, para a primeira e a segunda etapas, respectivamente. Em ambas foram utilizados cinco tratamentos, os quais foram representados por diferentes doses de silício (sem aplicação; 500kg.ha-1 de SiO2; 1.000kg.ha-1 de SiO2; 1.500kg.ha-1 de SiO2 e 2.000kg.ha-1 de SiO2) aplicados…

Advisors/Committee Members: Broglio, Sonia Maria Forti, CPF:03185925840, http://lattes.cnpq.br/0573377166905359, Madalena, José Antônio da Silva, CPF:78762510487, http://lattes.cnpq.br/1301228115317438, Lima, Ivanildo Soares de, CPF:14459701472, LIMA, I. S., Trindade, Roseane Cristina Prédes, CPF:78739381404, TRINDADE, R. C. P..

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Alagoas state consists of 102 cities shared in three mesoregions: backwoods, west and east. It shows diversity of plant species arousing greater interest in exploring the activities of pests in these habitats. This work was conducted in areas located in five counties in the state of Alagoas: Palmeira dos Índios, Arapiraca, Maceió, Anadia and Junqueiro. It Aimed to identify the species of fuit flies, parasitoids and their hosts, as well as the fauna analysis obtained. To obtain flies McPhail® traps were installed and held gathering fruit. Of the samples collected in traps were examined McPhail® 18.551 specimens of Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann, 1824) and 31,863 females of Anastrepha, of which 12 species were identified. The municipality of Anadia showed the highest species richness and Junqueiro of the smallest. As for fruits, was collected approximately 730 kg in all municipalities, belonging to 14 families and 25 species were sampled. We identified 7224 females of Anastrepha, which identified eight species, 2401 specimens of C. capitata and six species of Neosilba. Of the 13 species captured in traps eight tephritids emerged from fruit samples: A. fraterculus (Wiedemann, 1930), A.obliqua (Maquart, 1835), A. pickeli Lima 1939 A. serpentine (Wiedemann, 1830), A. sororcula Zucchi 1979, A. zenildae Zucchi 1939, Anastrepha sp. 1., and C. capitata. N. pendula (Bezzi, 1919) was the greater diversity lonqueídeo that infested fruit. A. pickeli infested exclusively Manihot esculenta Crantz. Species of fruit flies emerged, only A. antunesi Lima, 1938 was not captured in traps. We identified three species of braconid, Doryctobracon areolatus (Szépligeti, 1911), Asobara anastrephae (Muesebeck, 1958) and Utetes anastrephae (Viereck, 1913), and specimens of the genus Opius and families Figitidae, Pteromalidae and Torymidae. The highest rates of parasitism occurred in smaller fruits, with the exception of fruits and cassava, D. areolatus was obtained in all fruit infested by at least one species of fruit fly. This constitutes the first record of the species A. alveata Stone, 1942; A. daciformis Bezzi, 1909, A. montei Lima, 1934, A. nascimentoi Zucchi, 1979 and Anastrepha sp (in prep.), besides the family Torymidae as parasitoids parasitoid of fruit flies in the State of Alagoas.

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Alagoas

O estado de Alagoas é constituído de 102 municípios divididos em três mesorregiões: Sertão, Agreste e Leste. Apresenta diversidade de espécies vegetais despertando maiores interesses em explorar a diversidade de insetos praga nesses habitats. Este trabalho foi conduzido em áreas localizadas em cinco municípios do estado de Alagoas: Palmeira dos Índios, Arapiraca, Maceió, Anadia e Junqueiro. Teve como objetivos identificar as espécies de moscas frugívoras, seus parasitoides e hospedeiros, como também a análise faunística das espécies obtidas. Para a obtenção das moscas foram instaladas armadilhas tipo McPhail® e realizada a coleta de frutos. Das coletas realizadas em armadilhas McPhail® foram…

Advisors/Committee Members: Broglio, Sonia Maria Forti, CPF:03185925840, http://lattes.cnpq.br/0573377166905359, Dias, Nivia da Silva, CPF:02631088484, Dias, Nivia da Silva, Silva, Edmilson Santos, CPF:46461981500, SILVA, E. S., Duarte, Adriana Guimarães, CPF:84278480482, DUARTE, A. G., Lemos, Eurico Eduardo Pinto de, CPF:16656318487, LEMOS, E. E. P..

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The compliant vertical access risers (CVAR) is a new alternative to overcome the barriers imposed by deepwater fields for oil exploitation in an efficient, safe and economic way. The differentiated geometry of this relatively new riser configuration improves the structural performance of the system. The characteristic compliance of the CVAR system can also compensate for vessel motion. The CVAR, being vertical access to the wells, brings the advantage of using dry trees, and also allows the completion and workover operations to be performed from the FPU, offering significant economic and operational benefits to deepwater oil field development. With the increasing complexity of risers configuration and the constant challenge of minimizing costs and improving the performance of structures, the use of an optimization methodology is of great importance. Based on this motivation, this work presents the study of compliant vertical access risers design using optimization techniques. The parameters that define the geometry of the riser are taken as the design variables and the design constraints considerer both structural integrity and operational criteria. Different approaches of the merit function are assessed, both mono-objective and multiobjective, taking into account the structural performance and geometric criteria. A sensitivity analysis of the riser is also presented to provide a better understanding of its structural behavior, considering both static and dynamic analysis. The optimal solution is obtained by the NSGA-II method, an elitist genetic algorithm. Thus, this work attempts to expose the importance and efficiency of the optimization techniques applied to preliminary design of risers, and also emphasizes the applicability of this concept in the design of compliant vertical access risers, that are innovative structures in the context of oil exploitation in deepwaters.

Dentro do contexto de exploração de petróleo em águas profundas e ultraprofundas, os risers verticais complacentes (CVAR) surgem como uma nova alternativa capaz de superar as barreiras das elevadas lâminas d água de exploração de maneira eficiente, segura e econômica. A geometria diferenciada desse riser melhora o desempenho estrutural do sistema, atenuando a dinâmica da linha, e também proporciona diversas facilidades como utilização de completação seca e possibilidade de intervenção no poço direto da plataforma. Com o aumento da complexidade da configuração dos risers e com o constante desafio de minimizar custos e melhorar o desempenho das estruturas, o conceito de otimização ganha grande importância. Com base nessa motivação, o presente trabalho apresenta o estudo de risers verticais complacentes e uma abordagem do seu dimensionamento a partir da utilização de técnicas de otimização. São considerados como variáveis de projeto os parâmetros que definem a geometria do riser e como restrições consideram-se critérios operacionais e de integridade estrutural. O estudo engloba diferentes abordagens da função de mérito a ser otimizada, tanto…

Advisors/Committee Members: Silveira, Eduardo Setton Sampaio da, CPF:57578397400, http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4763996U2&dataRevisao=null, Lages, Eduardo Nobre, CPF:57578397400, http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4782702P7&dataRevisao=null, Ramos Júnior, Adeildo Soares, CPF:33210772487, RAMOS JÚNIOR, A. S., Horowitz, Bernardo, CPF:06890067487, http://lattes.cnpq.br/4821122371021903, Oliveira, Mauro Costa de, CPF:24384186134, http://lattes.cnpq.br/3555458792462838.

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Climate changes, at global and local levels, are associated not only natural atmospheric effects, but also to anthropogenic changes, with the release of CO2 into the lower layer of the atmosphere. The impacts of climate changes can be objects of study in hydrology through the use of mathematical models, rainfall output, with the hydro-climatic input data. Hydrological model in Geographic Information System - SIG, used in hydrologic studies of watersheds to predict and measure the system response to external conditions and interest of a watershed. The integration of SIG with hydrological information gave the possibility to obtain distributed information with a response of flow in watershed in different locations has been explored in distributed hydrological modeling. The objective of this study was to evaluate the MGB-IPH model (Modelo de Grandes Bacias) watershed in Paraíba do Meio River, influence of climate change predicted on Climate Change Panel - IPCC. The hydrological model for large basin, MGB / IPH was applied in the Paraíba do Meio river watershed and was calibrated manually. Simulations were conducted for the current scenario, and scenarios A1B and A2, on Climate Change Panel (IPCC), for the years 2071 to 2100, predicted to Brazil by CPTEC / INPE, with anomalies of precipitation and temperature. The simulations for the climate change scenarios showed changes in the hydrological response to Paraíba do Meio basin (AL / PE). The performance of this model was suitable for Paraíba do Meio river basin, since the previous version of the MGB was nominated for basins larger than 10,000 km2. The MGB showed significant performance in representing the current hydrologic regime even with the lack of basin rainfall stations and the estimated impacts of climate change tend to decrease water availability and increase flooding in the of the Paraíba do Meio River basin.

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Alagoas

As mudanças climáticas, a nível global e local, podem está associadas não só aos efeitos atmosféricos naturais, como também às alterações antrópicas, com o lançamento de CO2 para a camada baixa da atmosfera. Os impactos das mudanças climáticas podem ser objetos de estudo em hidrologia, por meio do uso de Modelos matemáticos, chuva-vazão, tendo como entrada dados hidro-climáticos. Modelo hidrológico em Sistema de informação geográfica - SIG, aplicado em estudos hidrológicos de bacias hidrográficas, para prever e mensurar a resposta do sistema aos condicionantes externos e de interesse numa bacia hidrográfica. A integração de informações hidrológicas com o SIG tem possibilitado obter informações distribuídas, com resposta de vazões em diferentes localizações em bacias hidrográficas tem sido explorado em modelagem hidrológica distribuída. O objetivo geral deste estudo foi, avaliar o modelo MGB-IPH (Modelo de Grandes Bacias) na bacia hidrográfica do rio Paraíba do Meio, influência das mudanças no clima previstas no Painel de Mudanças Climáticas IPCC. O modelo hidrológico de grandes bacias, MGB/IPH, foi…

Advisors/Committee Members: Reis, Rosangela Sampaio, CPF:39771741420, REIS, R. S., Fragoso Júnior, Carlos Ruberto, CPF:02541965435, http://lattes.cnpq.br/0516119772456468, Neves, Marllus Gustavo Ferreira Passos das, CPF:91218519487, NEVES, M. G. F. P., Paz, Adriano Rolim da, CPF:02258555426, http://lattes.cnpq.br/2069883404215099.

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The object of study of this thesis is the predicate which allows temporal interpretation of the future through time adverbial adjuncts, which act as Aspectual Operators, even when they have verbs in the present tense. We adopt the theoretical assumptions of the Generative Grammar (CHOMSKY, N. 1981, 1993, 1995), in a syntactic-semantic interface of the lexicon (PUSTEJOVSKY, 1998) to analyze the structural contexts in which sentences in the present tense allow an interpretation aspectual of future. We use the hypothetical-deductive method, from data of introspection, to show that this reading of the aspectual predicate is possible dependently the type of verb. The verbs and Aspectual Operators work together to perform the senses of predicate, thus enabling, a co-composition of lexical items in lexicon that seeks to explain how each element of the sentence behaves in order to allow the interpretation of the predicate, and also show why in a few sentences that aspectual reading is not allowed.

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Alagoas

O objeto de estudo desta dissertação é o predicado que autoriza uma interpretação temporal de futuro por intermédio de adjuntos adverbiais de tempo, que atuam como Operadores Aspectuais, mesmo com verbos no presente. Adotamos os pressupostos teóricos do gerativismo (CHOMSKY, N. 1981, 1993, 1995), sob uma interface sintático-semântica do léxico (PUSTEJOVSKY, J. 1998) para analisar os contextos estruturais em que as sentenças com tempo verbal no presente permitem uma interpretação aspectual em função do futuro. Utilizamos o método hipotético-dedutivo, a partir de dados de introspecção, para evidenciar que essa leitura aspectual do predicado é possível dependendo do tipo de verbo. Os verbos e Operadores Aspectuais trabalham conjuntamente para a realização de sentidos no predicado, havendo, para tanto, uma co-composição dos itens lexicais dentro da numeração. Dessa forma, é realizada uma análise estrutural a partir de um esquema de léxico que busca não só explicar como cada elemento da sentença se comporta a fim de autorizar a interpretação do predicado, como também mostrar por que em algumas sentenças essa leitura aspectual não é permitida.

Advisors/Committee Members: Moura, Maria Denilda, CPF:00471089400, http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4787964P1, Paula, Aldir Santos de, CPF:33052280406, http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4723388Y2, Silva, Cláudia Roberta Tavares, CPF:00803681402, http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4766557D3.

▼ Este trabalho objetiva desenvolver uma análise do funcionamento do discurso de docentes de matemática do 9° ano do ensino fundamental de escolas públicas e privadas de Maceió, materializado em textos escritos (Redação). Partindo de uma questão-temática (Como percebo a aprendizagem da matemática por parte de alunas e alunos?), a análise busca apreender como a posição sujeito docente repercute na relação das alunas com a matemática, tendo como suposto uma construção identitária gendrada do saber. A proposta é que a análise destes textos escritos aponte para as marcas discursivas sobre a visão de gênero dos sujeitos docentes de matemática. Situa-se o discurso docente sobre a aprendizagem da matemática na escola à luz dos conceitos de gênero, silenciamento discursivo e currículo oculto, respaldada nas teorias da Análise do Discurso e dos estudos de gênero. Sob um olhar de gênero, apresenta-se o percurso da análise do funcionamento discursivo, contemplando o procedimento investigativo e a análise das sequências discursivas; nestas, docentes funcionam como porta-vozes de um ideário historicamente construído pela Formação Ideológica patriarcado-capitalismo e materializada na Formação Discursiva da ciência androcêntrica que, neste estudo, corresponde ao ensino da matemática na escola. Assim funcionando, a posição de sujeito docente contribui para a manutenção de relações sociais de gênero, próprias da ordem capitalista e patriarcal. Advisors/Committee Members: Amaral, Maria Virgínia Borges, CPF:09721550400, AMARAL, M. Virgínia Borges, Melo, Kátia Maria Silva de, CPF:73101664420, http://lattes.cnpq.br/5375151893852187, Barretto, Elvira Simões, CPF:56416954400, http://lattes.cnpq.br/8938462538963163, Silva Sobrinho, Helson Flavio da, CPF:02519231424, SILVA SOBRINHO, H. F., Lameiras, Maria Stela Torres Barros, CPF:04216989420, http://lattes.cnpq.br/5818635755922947.

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Several research has shown that caffeine ingestion (1, 2, 7 trimethylxanthine) increases performance. Due to these findings and their removal from the list of banned substances in 2004 by the international anti doping agency, athletes of various sports have widely used caffeine in order to increase performance during competitions. Studies have shown an increase in performance in high-intensity exercise after caffeine ingestion. The increase in performance with the use of caffeine in this type of performance, seems to be related to increasing the anaerobic contribution . On the other hand, depletion of glycogen stores appear to reduce performance during high intensity exercise. This reduction according studies appears to be due to a reduction of the anaerobic contribution. More recently, research has been conducted in order to investigate whether supplementation of carbohydrate with the addition of caffeine provides the additional effect on performance. Thus, the goal of this dissertation was: 1) review the main findings about the effects on performance in time trial and what the mechanisms involved in the combined supplementation of caffeine and carbohydrate (review article). 2) verify if intake of caffeine can reverse the impairment in performance and anaerobic contribution caused by depletion of muscle glycogen during 4000m cycling time trial (results article). In the studies reviewed in the review article found that most studies with combined ingestion of caffeine and carbohydrate showed a further increase in performance. However, more studies need to be performed to elucidate what are the mechanisms of action during time trial arising from the combined ingestion of caffeine and carbohydrate. In the article results the caffeine reversed the performance impaired prior by depletion of muscle glycogen and anaerobic contribution increased to levels above the conditions with muscle glycogen depletion with ingestion of placebo and control

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico

Diversas pesquisas têm demonstrado que a ingestão de cafeína (1, 2, 7 trimetilxantina) aumenta o desempenho. Devido a esses achados e de sua retirada da lista de substâncias proibidas no ano de 2004 pela agência internacional anti doping, atletas de várias modalidades esportivas tem amplamente utilizado a cafeína com intuito de aumentar o desempenho durante as competições. Estudos tem evidenciado um aumento no desempenho em exercícios de alta intensidade após a ingestão de cafeína. O aumento no desempenho com o uso da cafeína nesse tipo de exercício, parece estar relacionado ao aumento da contribuição anaeróbia. Por outro lado, a depleção das reservas de glicogênio muscular parece reduzir o desempenho durante exercícios de alta intensidade. Essa redução segundo estudos parece ser devido a uma redução da contribuição anaeróbia. Mais recentemente, pesquisas têm sido realizadas com objetivo de investigar a relação entre suplementação de carboidrato com a adição de cafeína sobre o desempenho. Desta forma o objetivo…

Advisors/Committee Members: Silva, Adriano Eduardo Lima da, CPF:28147330871, http://lattes.cnpq.br/0458762470614776, Bertuzzi, Rômulo Cássio de Moraes, CPF:14317030870, http://lattes.cnpq.br/6471278386232940, Araújo, Gustavo Gomes de, CPF:32163291863, http://lattes.cnpq.br/0346292888221564.

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The interaction between climate and urban configuration can significantily affects the environmental comfort conditions, determining the urban microclimate. The research evaluates the microclimatic quality of a fraction of a horizontal residential settlement allotment, in the urban context of Maceió-AL, through the analysis of climatic variables, considering the attributes of existing urban configuration (present scenario), but also a future situation considering maximum occupancy (future scenario), in accordance to the local urban planning requirements. The methodological procedures were based on a qualitative perspective in the form of features diagnostic of the urban area, analysis of the solar exposure built arrangement, and quantitatively by mobile microclimatic measuring, and computer simulations of the thermal performance and dynamic, using the software ENVI-met 3.1 version. The area analysis confirmed the existence of different microclimates, according to land use, building orientation and thermal characteristics. The results of computer simulations have shown a difference of up to 6,6°C in air temperature and up to 0,44 m/s in reducing of average wind speed between the two scenarios analyzed, confirming the influence of some urban form attributes in microclimatic behavior, as the: density built, the thermodynamic characterized by lack of urban greening. From the results, highlights the importance of climate approach as a tool for urban planning, and how this can guide urban design decisions in order to minimize uncomfortable climatic situations in urban spaces.

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Alagoas

A interação do clima com a configuração e o uso do espaço urbano pode afetar de forma significativa as condições de conforto ambiental, determinando o microclima urbano. A pesquisa de mestrado avalia a qualidade microclimática de uma fração de um loteamento horizontal, no contexto urbano de Maceió-AL, através da análise das variáveis climáticas, considerando os atributos da configuração urbana existente (cenário atual), como também uma situação futura, quando da ocupação máxima edificada do loteamento (cenário futuro), de acordo com as prescrições urbanísticas atuais para o local. Os procedimentos metodológicos fundamentaram-se em uma ótica qualitativa através do diagnóstico das características da forma urbana da área estudada e análise da insolação do arranjo construtivo, e quantitativa, através de medições microclimáticas móveis, além de simulações computacionais do desempenho térmico e dinâmico, com o uso do programa ENVI-met versão 3.1. A análise da área confirmou a existência de microclimas diferenciados na malha urbana do loteamento estudado, de acordo com a ocupação do solo, orientação do arranjo construtivo e características térmicas das superfícies. Os resultados das simulações computacionais comprovaram uma diferença de até 6,6 °C na temperatura do ar e de até 0,44 m/s na redução da velocidade média do vento entre os dois cenários analisados, confirmando-se a influência de alguns…

Advisors/Committee Members: Barbirato, Gianna Melo, CPF:41193784468, BARBIRATO, G., Toledo, Alexandre Márcio, CPF:41133749453, TOLEDO, A. M., Albuquerque, Augusto Aragão de, CPF:57250499491, ALBUQUERQUE, A. A., Fontes, Maria Solange Gurgel de Castro, CPF:26814943468, FONTES, M. S. G. C..

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This dissertation examines the influence of urbanization on urban drainage and rainwater management. This is a study focusing on the endorheic basin located north of the plateau of the city of Maceió-AL. This basin has the function to recharge underground aquifers used for water supply. Since the twentieth century, Maceió-AL is growing rapidly through urban peripheral areas, especially on the part of the plateau. The growth of the waterproofing, with the construction of housing, unbalanced the basin hydrological cycle and impaired endorheic infiltration of rainwater. The urban growth has caused flooding because of non-efficient urban drainage system. The urbanization of the basin endorheic is not compatible with their environmental needs, this is your main problem. There is a hypothesis of two sides: one hand, the pattern of occupation in the built environment causes damage because it is horizontal with large impermeable area; on the other hand, the not built spaces are many and help the water cycle because they can be used for rainwater management, reducing the flooding. The main goal of research is to analyze the relationship between the pattern of occupation in the built environment and on not built spaces and implications for drainage and rainwater management of basin endorheic. Four steps were used to research: (i) document review and bibliography; (ii) data gathering; (iii) organization of information collected; (iv) suggestion of preliminary solutions. The results indicated that occupancy rates in the built environment are high and reach 100% in most homes, because of new buildings and retreat waterproofed. The spaces not built are underutilized, there is little vegetation and few community facilities moreover there is a tendency to occupation by new construction. It was concluded that the basin endorheic needs a kind of construction with low occupancy rates, with not built spaces and permeable, which facilitates the recharge of aquifers through rainwater management.

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Alagoas

A presente dissertação tem como proposta central analisar a influência da urbanização sobre a drenagem urbana e o manejo das águas pluviais. Trata-se de um estudo de caso centrado na bacia endorreica localizada a norte do tabuleiro da cidade de Maceió-AL, que possui a função particular de recarregar os aquíferos subterrâneos essenciais para o abastecimento de água local. A intensificação da impermeabilização com a construção de diversos conjuntos habitacionais, em meados do século XX, provocou um severo desequilíbrio ao ciclo hidrológico da bacia endorreica, chegando a prejudicar a infiltração das águas pluviais e a recarga dos aquíferos. Em paralelo ao crescimento urbano tornaram-se constantes os alagamentos provenientes de medidas pouco eficazes de drenagem urbana. O trabalho parte de duas premissas. A primeira parte do princípio que o padrão de ocupação dos espaços construídos provoca prejuízos, pois é do tipo horizontal com grande área impermeável. A segunda parte do princípio que os…

Advisors/Committee Members: Cavalcanti, Veronica Robalinho, CPF:07330375420, ROBALINHO, V. C., Tângari, Vera Regina, CPF:83415882772, http://lattes.cnpq.br/3263805844970643, Souza, Vladimir Caramori Borges de, CPF:02902933679, SOUZA, Vladimir Caramori B., Faria, Geraldo Majela Gaudêncio, CPF:22224513968, http://lattes.cnpq.br/8297456431307780, Barbirato, Gianna Melo, CPF:41193784468, BARBIRATO, G..

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It is reasonable to assume that agricultural producers, typical individual firms and / or families of the field, due to natural deficiency of locational resources (financial, human and physical) has more difficulty to generate innovation, mainly through investments in Research and Development. These, usually, have strategies and similar skills with little hability in to generate innovation. It is this sense of vulnerability that this paper studies the dynamics of agricultural arrangements of Alagoas, located in the mesoregion of Sertão of Alagoas. For this, is used multivariate statistics how Multidimensional Scaling and Discriminant Analysis. It was concluded by two fundamental points. The first is the relative weakness of the institutional apparatus of PAPL, and the second is equal importance of tacit and codified knowledge for the dynamics of the arrangement.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

É razoável supor que os produtores agropecuários, típicas empresas individuais e/ou familiares do campo, devido à natural deficiência locacional de recursos (financeiros, humanos e físicos) tem maior dificuldade de gerar inovação, principalmente, através de investimentos em Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento. Estes geralmente possuem estratégias e aptidões similares, com pouca habilidade em gerar inovação. É nesse sentido de vulnerabilidade que o presente trabalho se propõe a estudar a dinâmica dos arranjos agropecuários de Alagoas, localizados na Mesorregião do Sertão Alagoano. Para isto, é utilizada estatísticas multivariadas como Escalonamento Multidimensional e a Análise Discriminante. Pôde-se concluir por dois pontos fundamentais. O primeiro é a relativa fragilidade do aparato institucional do PAPL e, a igualdade de importância dos conhecimentos tácito e codificado para a dinâmica do arranjo.

Advisors/Committee Members: Rosário, Francisco José Peixoto, CPF:53435052449, ROSÁRIO, F. J. P., Lustosa, Maria Cecília Junqueira, CPF:90511107749, http://lattes.cnpq.br/2773042208823336, Melo, Ricardo Oliveira Lacerda de, CPF:9999998142, MELO, R. O. L..

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Candida species have emerged as the second most common cause of vulvovaginitis in the world, producing infections that can cause unwanted symptoms such as itching, discharge, dyspareunia and burning. The objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic variability and the antifungal susceptibility profile of Candida yeasts isolated from vaginal secretions of patients Maceió - Alagoas. The yeasts were collected weekly in the sector of five clinical microbiology laboratories located in the city of Maceió between March and December 2010. For each isolate was performed through a purification of seeding a suspension of yeast in YPD solid medium. DNA extraction was performed by phenol / chloroform and identification by PCR with primers species specific for C.albicans, C. glabrata, C. tropicalis, C. krusei and C. parapsilosis. The patients with vaginal candidiasis were evaluated for the presence of symptoms and risk factors for acquiring the disease. The patterns of sensitivity to ketoconazole, fluconazole, itraconazole and amphotericin B were evaluated according to CLSI standards (M27-A2).Molecular typing was used in the microsatellite (GTG) 5 and the fragments separated on 1.5% agarose gel at 75 volts / cm for 120 minutes, stained with ethidium bromide and viewed on photodocumentation system. Banding patterns were analyzed by BioNumerics 6.5 soltware to obtain electropherogram using the similarity coefficient Jacard. We obtained 296 isolates of Candida yeasts, and C. albicans (82.45%) the most frequent species, followed by C. glabrata with 7.75%, C. parapsilosis with 4.05%, C. tropicalis witn 3.75% and C. krusei 2%. These isolates exhibited resistance profile of 66,7% for amphotericin B, fluconazole for 52,6%, 89,7% for itraconazole and to ketoconazole 21,3%. Among the risk factors for acquiring the disease stands out pregnancy with 24.66% and history of VVC in 15.52%. The main clinical sign was presented discharge in 77,13% of cases. The species analyzed showed a high diversity for the genetic marker (GTG)5, with values ranging from 0.7470 to 0.9963, which allowed the formation of genetic patterns 172 for C. albicans, 10 for C. tropicalis, 11 for C. parapsilosis, 8 for C. glabrata and 4 for C. krusei. The incidence of Candida species with a profile of resistance to itracozaol, amphotericin B, fluconazole and ketoconazole, provides epidemiological data for the study area and reinforces the importance of identifying yeasts to the species level and testing of in vitro antifungal susceptibility.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

As espécies de Candida têm emergido como a segunda causa mais comum de vulvovaginites no mundo, produzindo infecções, que podem causar sintomas indesejáveis como, prurido, corrimento, dispareunia e ardor. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a variabilidade genética e o perfil de susceptibilidade aos antifúngicos em leveduras do gênero Candida isoladas de secreção vaginal de pacientes de Maceió Alagoas. As amostras foram coletadas no setor de microbiologia clínica…

Advisors/Committee Members: Silva Filho, Eurípedes Alves da, CPF:16649630497, SILVA FILHO, E. A., Azevedo, Dalmo Almeida de, CPF:49935275949, http://lattes.cnpq.br/4202083703695616, Neves, Rejane Pereira, CPF:21401365434, http://lattes.cnpq.br/0360951033804105, Araújo, Maria Anilda dos Santos, CPF:75900220471, ARAÚJO, M. A. S..

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The decline in amphibian populations is been recorded all around the world. Brazil has an important role in its conservation, since it has the greatest diversity of the group. The Atlantic Forest is the Brazilian biome that comprises the higher diversity and endemism of amphibians, however it is also the habitat of almost all endangered frogs. The northern portion of the biome is known as the Biogeographic Sub-region (BSR) Pernambuco, which includes the forest fragments of the north of the São Francisco River, except for the " Brejos de altitude". This region contains a very specific fauna and an unique genetic diversity, but only 1% of its remains are protected in the form of conservation areas. Conservation actions are urgently needed, however the lack of information is an obstacle for developing action plans in the region. In this context, in the first chapter, an macroecological approach was applied for the conservation of endemic and threatened frogs in the Northern Atlantic Forest. Thus, ten endemic species and one endangered were registered in the study area. The results suggest that the forest fragments found in the north of the state of Alagoas and in the southern state of Pernambuco, Brazil, are extremely important for maintaining the biodiversity, even in the face of climate change. The second chapter presents the description of the reproductive biology of the only endangered species the BSR Pernambuco, Agalychnis granulosa.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Evidências apontam para o declínio nas populações de anfíbios em diversas regiões do globo, e o Brasil tem um papel importante na conservação desse táxon, já que é o país que possui a maior diversidade do grupo. A Mata Atlântica é o ecossistema que abriga a maior parcela da fauna de anfíbios e o maior número de espécies endêmicas do país. No entanto, também é o habitat de quase todas as espécies de anuros ameaçados de extinção. A porção setentrional do bioma é conhecida como Sub-Região Biogeográfica (SBR) Pernambuco, e reúne os fragmentos florestais situados ao norte do Rio São Francisco, excetuando-se os brejos de altitudes. Atualmente sabe-se que essa região abrange uma fauna bastante específica e uma diversidade genética única, porém apenas 1% de seus remanescentes está protegido sob a forma de unidades de conservação. Ações conservacionistas são necessárias imediatamente, todavia a escassez de informação é um entrave para elaboração de planos de ação na região. Nesse contexto, no primeiro capítulo, foi realizada uma abordagem macroecológica para a conservação de anuros endêmicos e ameaçados na Mata Atlântica Setentrional. Assim, foram registradas dez espécies endêmicas, e uma ameaçada de extinção. Os resultados indicam que os fragmentos localizados ao norte do bioma da Mata Atlântica no Estado de Alagoas e na porção sul no Estado de Pernambuco, Brasil, são de extrema importância para manutenção da biodiversidade, mesmo diante das mudanças climáticas. No segundo capítulo, é apresentada a descrição da reprodução da…

Advisors/Committee Members: Rodrigues, Miguel Trefaut Urbano, CPF:01127505831, http://lattes.cnpq.br/3299711882893613, Garcia, Paulo Christiano de Anchieta, CPF:40683621491, http://lattes.cnpq.br/9012848714931009, Malhado, Ana Claudia Mendes, CPF:26883630656, http://lattes.cnpq.br/6689567685438939, Mott, Tamí, CPF:13090765888, http://lattes.cnpq.br/7397449786695109.

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The purpose of this paper is to study the process of audio information in an online education course at the Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), which is a federal public university in Brazil. The study was conducted in the second school term of 2010 and in the first school term of 2011, in the Bachelor degree Pedagogy course online education model. Case study was chosen as the method to examine the use of web radio and audio webcasting podcasts in online education, with the UFAL Moodle virtual learning environment. The hypothetical-deductive method was adopted for reasoning and the quali-quantitative method was used for data collection. These data are shown in the reports written during the two research phases exploratory and experimental. The experimental phase was conducted with the subject Knowledge and Methods for Teaching Natural Sciences 1 , which had 176 enrolled students, from different UFAL units of several cities in Alagoas Maceió, Maragogi, Santana do Ipanema and Olho d´Água das Flores. As a reception study, students who composed the audience of live transmissions and the recording of live transmissions could communicate in a synchronous and in an asynchronous way with the tutor. Such communications were mainly conducted in forums. Then the audio information was evaluated with an online questionnaire. The main objective was to find how the formats could be associated with the Moodle Virtual Learning Environment, with the Pedagogical Project and with the online education course. The results were satisfactory in terms of acceptance of both formats by the audience group, which shows that the associations proposed are possible. However, such associations need to be part of a plan that includes forms of evaluating audio information. The results also point to the need for better infrastructure regarding technical support for faculty members including tutors in order to create, produce and transmit didactic materials. Moreover, we found that wideband services need improvement in the State. Our main conclusion is that the formats studied should be created, produced and/or selected by the course for educational purposes. They should also present characteristics of radio phonic language, including sound and web graphic interface, aligned with the education design of the course, especially in the Moodle virtual learning environment. It is also necessary to identify the target audience, their level of digital fluency, and their conditions for accessing computers and the Internet, in order to promote the interaction with the most adequate technologies and tools for audio webcasting. This study is based on theories by Moore and Kearsley (2008), Peters (2004), Haandel (2009), Martín-Barbero (2009), Jacks and Escosteguy (2005), Reyzábal (1999), Machado (2009), Silva (2006; 2010), among others.

O presente trabalho tem por finalidade tratar do processo de transmissão de mídia sonora na educação a distância on-line da Universidade Federal de Alagoas, integrante da Universidade Aberta do Brasil, nos…

Advisors/Committee Members: Fireman, Elton Casado, CPF:7574976943, http://lattes.cnpq.br/8569068916474005, Freitas, Antonio Francisco Ribeiro de, CPF:82079668820, http://lattes.cnpq.br/4523201674698058, Pinto, Anamelea de Campos, CPF:10242867889, PINTO, Anamelea de C., Gomes, Apuena Vieira, CPF:91612438415, http://lattes.cnpq.br/0601161335088804.

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This work is turned to a structural element with a large number of scientific studies, waffle slab. The aim of this study was to elucidate two recommendations of the Brazilian codes that have different values of international codes. The first concerns the accidental loading to garage floor recommended by the Brazilian code, where there is not recommending the use of concentrated loads, the same being recommended by international codes. The second is related to the different recommendations between the Brazilian code and international codes regarding the calculation of the bending of the table of waffle slabs. To meet the objectives of this work, some numerical simulations of floors containing a single waffle slab, modeled as one-way waffle slab and two-way waffle slab, were made using the finite element method and grillage analysis using specific software. The focus of structural analysis turned to determining the maximum bending moments acting on the flange of waffle slabs and arrows. The answers to these simulations showed that for garage floors, it is important to consider concentrated loads (vehicles). As utilization in structural designs of concentrated loads is a process slow and complicated, were defined values of distributed loads to provide arrows and moments in the ribs equal to those generated by the concentrated loads. On the analysis of bending on the table of waffle slabs, some recommendations were found, some of these one being equal to the Brazilian code, and other to international codes and some different compared to all codes.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico

Este trabalho está voltado para alguns pontos em aberto sobre verificações de serviço e dimensionamento das lajes nervuradas moldadas no local. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar e elucidar duas recomendações das normas brasileiras que apresentam valores diferentes das normas internacionais. A primeira diz respeito ao carregamento acidental para pavimentos garagem recomendado pela norma brasileira, onde não existe recomendação do uso de carregamentos concentrados, sendo o mesmo recomendado em normas internacionais. A segunda está relacionada às diferentes recomendações existentes entre a norma brasileira e as normas internacionais, no que tange ao cálculo da flexão da mesa das lajes nervuradas. Para atender aos objetivos deste trabalho, algumas simulações numéricas de pavimentos contendo uma única laje nervurada, lançadas como lajes nervuradas unidirecionais e bidirecionais, foram feitas, utilizando o método dos elementos finitos e grelha através de programas de análises específicos. O foco da análise estrutural, voltou-se para a determinação dos momentos fletores máximos atuantes nas mesas das lajes nervuradas e as flechas. As respostas dessas simulações mostraram que, para pavimentos garagem, considerando os carregamentos dos veículos atuais é necessária a consideração de carregamento acidental de cargas concentradas (veículos). Como a utilização em projetos estruturais dos carregamentos de cargas…

Advisors/Committee Members: Gomes, Paulo César Correia, CPF:46881450478, http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4761514Z6&dataRevisao=null, Désir, Jean Marie, CPF:02543233750, DÉSIR, J. M., Carvalho, Roberto Chust, CPF:31431631787, http://lattes.cnpq.br/3633394168236221, Marques, Severino Pereira Cavalcanti, CPF:13430874491, http://lattes.cnpq.br/5549269896669107.