publisher:("University of Otago")

University of Otago

1. Song, Angeline, Mui Geok. Encountering Moses and Miriam of Exodus 2: An Empathic Reading with a Postcolonial Optic .

Degree: 2013, University of Otago

► This thesis presents a reading of the characters of Moses and his sister in Exodus 2 through a “hermeneutic of empathy’’ with a postcolonial consciousness.… (more)

▼ This thesis presents a reading of the characters of Moses and his sister in Exodus 2 through a “hermeneutic of empathy’’ with a postcolonial consciousness. This approach emerged out of reflection about the reading process and in particular the question about why an Asian reader like me could feel such a profound connection with a Hebrew/Egyptian baby and his sister. Further readings and research revealed that it was due to my empathic connection with them. Empathy is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon which involves both cognition and affect, it has a biological basis, and it is often accompanied by an ability to connect inferentially with the other’s inner emotional state. Empathy also has as its key feature, a strong similarity bias; it is often easier to empathize with literary characters whose personal circumstances or life experiences have significant similarities to ours. In my case, I empathize with Moses because I too was saved through adoption by a single woman of a different (sub)ethnicity and socioeconomic class. A mediator also played a crucial role in the case of my adoption, just as in Moses’. As a female biblical scholar, I identify closely with Moses’ sister whom I shall call Miriam, following tradition. We are of the unprivileged gender and we both grew up under the shadow of Empire in a distinctly patriarchal culture. Since the impact and implications of my personal postcolonial experiences inform the particular “shape’’ of my empathic consciousness, my hermeneutical lens thus comprises a distinct postcolonial optic. Through the above hermeneutic, which is additionally undergirded by Mieke Bal’s focalization methodology, I interpret Moses as a hybrid identity, who due to his unique beginnings, suffered “internal convulsions and contortions’’ and had a confused self-identity. The Hebrew man with an Egyptian name crosses borders and boundaries, both ideological and physical, in search of self; he gives a hint of his internal state of being at the end of the narrative in the naming of his son. I read Miriam as a shrewd slave girl who understood the dynamics of the imperial context she was in. Out of what I call the “Pragmatic Prowess of the Powerless,’’ she had to play the colonial game, couching her words in a diplomatic mixture of deference and persuasion, adopting a subservient posture in order to save her brother. Miriam mimics aspects of the Princess’ speech in order to align herself with the dominant race, thus achieving her aims within the boundaries imposed on her, in contrast to her brother. But, I query, had it all come at too high a personal cost? In conclusion, the study has two foci: the key insights derived from the reading itself as highlighted above, and second, the establishing of a theoretical structure for an empathic reading. My interpretation of the Exodus 2 narrative demonstrates how such an approach can reveal important aspects of the text and characters not previously identified, or hitherto neglected or ignored. Advisors/Committee Members: McKinlay, Judith E (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Exodus 2; postcolonial; empathy; Moses; Miriam; Mieke Bal; Homi Bhabha; identity; social location; mimic men; hybridity; Focalization; Singapore; Peranakan; Diaspora

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APA (6^th Edition):

Song, Angeline, M. G. (2013). Encountering Moses and Miriam of Exodus 2: An Empathic Reading with a Postcolonial Optic . (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Otago. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10523/3927

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Song, Angeline, Mui Geok. “Encountering Moses and Miriam of Exodus 2: An Empathic Reading with a Postcolonial Optic .” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Otago. Accessed May 24, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10523/3927.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Song, Angeline, Mui Geok. “Encountering Moses and Miriam of Exodus 2: An Empathic Reading with a Postcolonial Optic .” 2013. Web. 24 May 2020.

Vancouver:

Song, Angeline MG. Encountering Moses and Miriam of Exodus 2: An Empathic Reading with a Postcolonial Optic . [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Otago; 2013. [cited 2020 May 24]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/3927.

Council of Science Editors:

Song, Angeline MG. Encountering Moses and Miriam of Exodus 2: An Empathic Reading with a Postcolonial Optic . [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Otago; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/3927

University of Otago

2. Loebmann, Korbinian Arthur Maria. Co-amorphous drug formulations .

Degree: 2013, University of Otago

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/4112

► Poor aqueous solubility of an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) is one of the most pressing problems in pharmaceutical research and development because up to 90%… (more)

▼ Poor aqueous solubility of an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) is one of the most pressing problems in pharmaceutical research and development because up to 90% of new API candidates under development are poorly water soluble. These drugs usually have a low and variable oral bioavailability, and therefore an unsatisfactory therapeutic effect. One of the most promising approaches to increase dissolution rate and solubility of these drugs is the conversion of a crystalline form of the drug into its respective amorphous form, usually by incorporation into hydrophilic polymers, forming glass solutions. However, this strategy only led to a small number of marketed products usually because of inadequate physical stability of the drug due to crystallization. Recently, co-amorphous drug formulations consisting of two small drug molecules, anticipated for combination therapy, were introduced as alternative to overcome limited solubility and to stabilize the amorphous state. In this thesis, the concept of co-amorphous drug-drug formulations was further investigated with respect to the factors influencing dissolution and stability, and expanded to the use of drug and low molecular weight excipient mixtures. In the former, two pharmacologically relevant drug formulations, namely mixtures of indomethacin (IND)/naproxen (NAP) and glipizide (GPZ)/simvastatin (SVS), were analyzed and characterized towards their solid state properties, molecular interactions, physical stability and dissolution behaviour. In the latter, amino acids were chosen as low molecular weight excipients for co-amorphous drug-excipient formulations. It could be shown, that a heterodimer is formed in co-amorphous IND/NAP mixtures at a 1:1 molar ratio with specific intermolecular interactions. Thus, the physical stability of the amorphous drugs was increased regardless of the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the resulting amorphous form. Furthermore, dissolution of the drugs in the co- amorphous formulation was increased compared to the individual crystalline and amorphous drugs and synchronized, i.e. both drugs were released at the same rate. It was concluded that specific molecular interactions between the components in a co- amorphous blend are crucial for the properties of these systems. The factors influencing the performance of co-amorphous systems were further investigated in systems without intermolecular interactions, namely co-amorphous mixtures of GPZ and SVS. Even in the absence of specific interactions, these formulations showed increased physical stability compared to the individual amorphous drugs and this could be connected to the molecular level mixing present in co- amorphous mixtures. However, the dissolution of these blends was not improved compared to the individual amorphous drugs, showing the importance of molecular interactions (e.g. hydrogen bonding) in co-amorphous drug formulations. In order to extend the concept of co-amorphous drug formulations, amino acids were employed for the first time as low molecular weight… Advisors/Committee Members: Rades, Thomas (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: co-amorphous; dissolution; amino acids; glass transition; molecular interactions; poorly water soluble drugs

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APA (6^th Edition):

Loebmann, K. A. M. (2013). Co-amorphous drug formulations . (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Otago. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10523/4112

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Loebmann, Korbinian Arthur Maria. “Co-amorphous drug formulations .” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Otago. Accessed May 24, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10523/4112.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Loebmann, Korbinian Arthur Maria. “Co-amorphous drug formulations .” 2013. Web. 24 May 2020.

Vancouver:

Loebmann KAM. Co-amorphous drug formulations . [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Otago; 2013. [cited 2020 May 24]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/4112.

Council of Science Editors:

Loebmann KAM. Co-amorphous drug formulations . [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Otago; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/4112

University of Otago

3. Baby, Maria. Mental Health Nurses' Experiences of Patient Assaults .

Degree: 2013, University of Otago

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/4191

► With the advancements in technology, there has been a significant reduction in the classical risk factors at the workplace like biological, chemical and physical harms.… (more)

▼ With the advancements in technology, there has been a significant reduction in the classical risk factors at the workplace like biological, chemical and physical harms. But with the turn of the era, much attention has been focused on psychosocial stressors at work which are thought to affect employees’ occupational functioning and health. Amongst all healthcare professionals, nurses are the most likely to be assaulted. Moreover, violence towards mental health nurses has been both a reality and concern due to increasingly violent patient population and the devastating effects of violence on the victim. The study aims to explore and describe mental health nurses’ experiences of patient assaults. Thirteen Registered Nurses and one Enrolled Nurse working in different nursing positions within the Southern District Health Board (Otago region) - Mental Health Services were interviewed using a semi structured interview format. The data gathered from these interviews was interpreted using thematic analysis and coded into 24 sub-themes. The sub-themes were related to the sequence and impact of assaults on the participants. Through an ongoing interpretative process, three over-arching themes emerged. The themes were analysed further to allow conceptual meanings to be interpreted relating to the experiences of patient assaults. The major findings of the study related to the nature and impact of assaults and supportive strategies associated with violence against mental health nurses. Perpetrator risk factors include mental health disorders, substance abuse and situational crises. The injuries sustained by the nurses include lacerations, head injuries, dislocations, asphyxia and bruises. Psychological harm has also occurred including Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. Some of the injuries sustained have required weeks of recovery. In other cases, nurses have chosen to change areas of practice because of their fears and concerns. Protective strategies for combating negative consequences of violence include practicing self-defence, social support, reporting violent activity or threats of violence to authority and police and a supportive and consultative workplace culture with access to counselling services and assistance in all aspects including finances. Although physical injuries heal relatively quickly, emotional and psychological wounds linger for longer and can interfere with personal and professional lifestyles for months or years after the incident. Employers need to provide better support services to health care professionals who are assaulted and the legal system needs to acknowledge that assaults against nurses is a violation of human rights and violence is not to be tolerated as part of working in mental healthcare services. Advisors/Committee Members: Carlyle, Dave (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Nurses; Patient; assaults; experiences

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APA (6^th Edition):

Baby, M. (2013). Mental Health Nurses' Experiences of Patient Assaults . (Masters Thesis). University of Otago. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10523/4191

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Baby, Maria. “Mental Health Nurses' Experiences of Patient Assaults .” 2013. Masters Thesis, University of Otago. Accessed May 24, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10523/4191.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Baby, Maria. “Mental Health Nurses' Experiences of Patient Assaults .” 2013. Web. 24 May 2020.

Vancouver:

Baby M. Mental Health Nurses' Experiences of Patient Assaults . [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Otago; 2013. [cited 2020 May 24]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/4191.

Council of Science Editors:

Baby M. Mental Health Nurses' Experiences of Patient Assaults . [Masters Thesis]. University of Otago; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/4191

University of Otago

4. Queale, Justin. An evaluation of technical trading rules: Evidence from the New Zealand share market .

Degree: 2011, University of Otago

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/1415

► This study has assessed whether an investor could follow a technical trading rule on 10 individual stocks from the New Zealand Share market and earn… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: technical trading rule; New Zealand Share market; buy and hold strategy; equally weighted portfolio; analysis; New Zealand

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Queale, J. (2011). An evaluation of technical trading rules: Evidence from the New Zealand share market . (Masters Thesis). University of Otago. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10523/1415

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Queale, Justin. “An evaluation of technical trading rules: Evidence from the New Zealand share market .” 2011. Masters Thesis, University of Otago. Accessed May 24, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10523/1415.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Queale, Justin. “An evaluation of technical trading rules: Evidence from the New Zealand share market .” 2011. Web. 24 May 2020.

Vancouver:

Queale J. An evaluation of technical trading rules: Evidence from the New Zealand share market . [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Otago; 2011. [cited 2020 May 24]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/1415.

Council of Science Editors:

Queale J. An evaluation of technical trading rules: Evidence from the New Zealand share market . [Masters Thesis]. University of Otago; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/1415

University of Otago

5. Lyttelton, Helen Rosemary Palairet. Representations of Love, Romance and Desire in Jane Campion’s Films .

Degree: 2011, University of Otago

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/2038

An examination of the themes of love, romance and desire in Jane Campion's films 'The Piano,' 'The Portrait of a Lady,' 'In the Cut' and 'Bright Star.' Advisors/Committee Members: Simmons, Rochelle (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Jane Campion; Love; Romance; The Piano; The Portrait of a Lady; In the Cut; Bright Star

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Lyttelton, H. R. P. (2011). Representations of Love, Romance and Desire in Jane Campion’s Films . (Masters Thesis). University of Otago. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10523/2038

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Lyttelton, Helen Rosemary Palairet. “Representations of Love, Romance and Desire in Jane Campion’s Films .” 2011. Masters Thesis, University of Otago. Accessed May 24, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10523/2038.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Lyttelton, Helen Rosemary Palairet. “Representations of Love, Romance and Desire in Jane Campion’s Films .” 2011. Web. 24 May 2020.

Vancouver:

Lyttelton HRP. Representations of Love, Romance and Desire in Jane Campion’s Films . [Internet] [Masters thesis]. University of Otago; 2011. [cited 2020 May 24]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/2038.

Council of Science Editors:

Lyttelton HRP. Representations of Love, Romance and Desire in Jane Campion’s Films . [Masters Thesis]. University of Otago; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/2038

University of Otago

6. Aucher, Guillaume. Perspectives on belief and change .

Degree: 2008, University of Otago

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/131

► This thesis is about logical models of belief (and knowledge) representation and belief change. This means that we propose logical systems which are intended to… (more)

▼ This thesis is about logical models of belief (and knowledge) representation and belief change. This means that we propose logical systems which are intended to represent how agents perceive a situation and reason about it, and how they update their beliefs about this situation when events occur. These agents can be machines, robots, human beings. . . but they are assumed to be somehow autonomous. The way a fixed situation is perceived by agents can be represented by statements about the agents' beliefs: for example 'agent A believes that the door of the room is open' or 'agent A believes that her colleague is busy this afternoon'. 'Logical systems' means that agents can reason about the situation and their beliefs about it: if agent A believes that her colleague is busy this afternoon then agent A infers that he will not visit her this afternoon. We moreover often assume that our situations involve several agents which interact between each other. So these agents have beliefs about the situation (such as 'the door is open') but also about the other agents' beliefs: for example agent A might believe that agent B believes that the door is open. These kinds of beliefs are called higher-order beliefs. Epistemic logic [Hintikka, 1962; Fagin et al., 1995; Meyer and van der Hoek, 1995], the logic of belief and knowledge, can capture all these phenomena and will be our main starting point to model such fixed ('static') situations. Uncertainty can of course be expressed by beliefs and knowledge: for example agent A being uncertain whether her colleague is busy this afternoon can be expressed by 'agent A does not know whether her colleague is busy this afternoon'. But we sometimes need to enrich and refine the representation of uncertainty: for example, even if agent A does not know whether her colleague is busy this afternoon, she might consider it more probable that he is actually busy. So other logics have been developed to deal more adequately with the representation of uncertainty, such as probabilistic logic, fuzzy logic or possibilistic logic, and we will refer to some of them in this thesis (see [Halpern, 2003] for a survey on reasoning about uncertainty). But things become more complex when we introduce events and change in the picture. Issues arise even if we assume that there is a single agent. Indeed, if the incoming information conveyed by the event is coherent with the agent's beliefs then the agent can just add it to her beliefs. But if the incoming information contradicts the agent's beliefs then the agent has somehow to revise her beliefs, and as it turns out there is no obvious way to decide what should be her resulting beliefs. Solving this problem was the goal of the logic-based belief revision theory developed by Alchourrón, Gärdenfors and Makinson (to which we will refer by the term AGM) [Alchourrón et al., 1985; Gärdenfors, 1988; Gärdenfors and Rott, 1995]. Their idea is to introduce 'rationality postulates' that specify which belief revision operations can be considered as being 'rational'… Advisors/Committee Members: van Ditmarsch, Hans (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: knowledge representation (Information theory); artificial intelligence; social aspects; expert systems (Computer science)

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Aucher, G. (2008). Perspectives on belief and change . (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Otago. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10523/131

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Aucher, Guillaume. “Perspectives on belief and change .” 2008. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Otago. Accessed May 24, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10523/131.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Aucher, Guillaume. “Perspectives on belief and change .” 2008. Web. 24 May 2020.

Vancouver:

Aucher G. Perspectives on belief and change . [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Otago; 2008. [cited 2020 May 24]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/131.

Council of Science Editors:

Aucher G. Perspectives on belief and change . [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Otago; 2008. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/131

University of Otago

7. Butler, Mary. Care ethics and brain injury .

Degree: 2008, University of Otago

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/145

► It is generally supposed that a supportive family can have an influence on outcomes for an adult with severe brain injury, but there is very… (more)

▼ It is generally supposed that a supportive family can have an influence on outcomes for an adult with severe brain injury, but there is very little known about what effective families actually do. In this research the families of five such individuals were involved in an ethnographic project that lasted for one year. The literature review brought together insights from brain injury, care ethics, disability studies and anthropology. These insights were combined with a process of reflective equilibrium that was applied to the ethnographic material in order to determine the ethics of the carers. Ethics of care in this setting was conceived of as a positive practice ethic, rather than as a series of negative conundrums posed by the brain injury. The practice ethic shared by carers meant that they all conceived of the need created by brain injury in humanistic terms, rather than in terms of pathology. Carers demonstrated virtues appropriate to their practice as they helped the adult with brain injury to connect with aspects of ordinary life. The best outcomes for the adult with brain injury included being able to engage in productive activity and to make a place in the world. These outcomes could only be achieved with due regard for their safety and subsistence. The practice ethic of carers was demonstrated in the skills and concern that ensured a satisfactory outcome for the adult with brain injury. This research is a departure from recent research about families affected by brain injury, which has focused on the burden involved in care. An examination of what carers achieve suggests that burden may be associated with the development of caring practice. The transformative capacity of care, for both the carer and the adult with brain injury, is emphasized. However contextual factors, such as adequate compensation, are connected to the capacity of the carer to engage in good practice and these are explored also in this thesis. In particular, relevant aspects of the relationship between families and the Accident Compensation Corporation are explored. Advisors/Committee Members: Bray, Anne (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: brain; wounds; injuries; patients; care; rehabilitation; family relationships; caregivers; nursing; ethics

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APA (6^th Edition):

Butler, M. (2008). Care ethics and brain injury . (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Otago. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10523/145

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Butler, Mary. “Care ethics and brain injury .” 2008. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Otago. Accessed May 24, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10523/145.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Butler, Mary. “Care ethics and brain injury .” 2008. Web. 24 May 2020.

Vancouver:

Butler M. Care ethics and brain injury . [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Otago; 2008. [cited 2020 May 24]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/145.

Council of Science Editors:

Butler M. Care ethics and brain injury . [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Otago; 2008. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/145

University of Otago

8. Kupka, Bernd. Creation of an instrument to assess intercultural communication competence for strategic international human resource management .

Degree: 2008, University of Otago

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/163

► The first research objective of this dissertation is to extend existing conceptualizations of intercultural communication competence to create a new theoretically grounded construct, the Rainbow… (more)

▼ The first research objective of this dissertation is to extend existing conceptualizations of intercultural communication competence to create a new theoretically grounded construct, the Rainbow Model of Intercultural Communication Competence. The second research objective of this dissertation is to utilize this foundation and assemble a new instrument, the 127-item Intercultural Communication Competence Inventory (ICCI). The ICCI consists of sub-scales to measure foreign language competence, non-verbal communication competence, perceptions of cultural distance, intercultural self-awareness, intercultural communication knowledge, intercultural communication skills, intercultural communication motivation, intercultural communication appropriateness, intercultural communication effectiveness, intercultural contextual relationships, and intercultural affinity. This tool is designed assist strategic international human resource management practitioners to find, select, and/or train the best possible candidates for international assignments in an efficient manner. To accomplish these goals, a quantitative research design has been adopted. In a pilot study and three subsequent studies data was collected between 2005 and 2006 when the ICCI was administered to students in 19 courses with clear intercultural education elements at eleven universities in four countries (New Zealand, Germany, United Arab Emirates, USA) to build four samples of students: self tests (N = 1014) and retests (N = 587), peer tests (N = 613) and retests (N = 529). The ICCI was used as a paper-pencil and an online questionnaire. Using this method is appropriate as it provides intercultural communication trainers with quantifiable results to differentiate candidates and to measure training effectiveness. This dissertation has produced several research findings. Each of the ICCI sub-scales is psychometrically scrutinized and results described in detail. In exploratory factor analyses most scales have supported their theoretical framework as described in the Rainbow Model of ICC. Most sub-scales show independence from a variety of biases, and demonstrate sensitivity to competence changes over time and differences between evaluators. Various hypothesized links between the scales could be verified. The entire ICCI demonstrated that, despite currently still insufficient sample sizes, its conceptual roots, the Rainbow Model of Intercultural Communication Competence, is recognizable in self and peer tests and retests. The implications of the findings of this dissertation are threefold: First, the Rainbow Model of Intercultural Communication Competence has received preliminary confirmation. Second, the ICCI has initially shown a tendency to be a practical and reliable tool for recruiting, selecting of, and conducting training needs assessments that facilitate intercultural communication training effectiveness evaluations for suitable candidates for international assignments. Third, ICCI sub-scales have demonstrated the potential to enhance selection and…

Subjects/Keywords: personnel; management; cross-cultural studies; international; enterprises; intercultural; communication

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Kupka, B. (2008). Creation of an instrument to assess intercultural communication competence for strategic international human resource management . (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Otago. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10523/163

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kupka, Bernd. “Creation of an instrument to assess intercultural communication competence for strategic international human resource management .” 2008. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Otago. Accessed May 24, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10523/163.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kupka, Bernd. “Creation of an instrument to assess intercultural communication competence for strategic international human resource management .” 2008. Web. 24 May 2020.

Vancouver:

Kupka B. Creation of an instrument to assess intercultural communication competence for strategic international human resource management . [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Otago; 2008. [cited 2020 May 24]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/163.

Council of Science Editors:

Kupka B. Creation of an instrument to assess intercultural communication competence for strategic international human resource management . [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Otago; 2008. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/163

University of Otago

9. Strack, Michael Sainsbury. Rebel rivers : an investigation into the river rights of indigenous people of Canada and New Zealand .

Degree: 2008, University of Otago

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/173

► In Canada and New Zealand there are increasing calls for recognition of aboriginal rights which previously were ignored or denied because of the application of… (more)

▼ In Canada and New Zealand there are increasing calls for recognition of aboriginal rights which previously were ignored or denied because of the application of English law to concepts of property rights and ownership. English legal principles are vitally important in Canadian and New Zealand society, but there has always been room for local adaptations which could have recognised the existing practices and rights of the indigenous peoples. The English law makes various assumptions about ownership of rivers, dividing them into bed, banks and water, and applying various tests of adjoining occupation, tidalness and navigability to determine rights. Aboriginal property rights have been guaranteed and protected by various mechanisms such as government policy, treaty, and the courts, but there is uncertainty about the status of rivers. The form of the survey definition of reserves and rivers is also fundamental to how property rights may be determined. This thesis examines the situation of rivers in Canada and New Zealand through common law, treaty provisions and through what is now, a developing body of applicable and recognised customary/Aboriginal law. From these three legal foundations, a case study approach focuses on the practical situation of the Siksika people on the Bow River in southern Alberta, and the Kai Tahu on the Taieri River in Otago. This investigation concludes that there are various legal mechanisms by which indigenous people may claim rights to the rivers with which they have a relationship; by resorting to English common law principles; by applying new and developing conceptualisations of customary and aboriginal rights doctrines; by appealing to tribunals examining treaty agreements; or by direct negotiation with the Crown. All of these processes require evidence of past and current relationships, use and occupation of rivers by the indigenous claimants. Current undisputed possession and control may be a satisfactory outcome, but ultimately an acknowledgement of ownership may depend on politically negotiated settlements. Advisors/Committee Members: Hannah, John (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Kai Tahu; Siksika Indians; land tenure; water rights; customary law; Alberta; Bow River; New Zealand; Taieri River

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Strack, M. S. (2008). Rebel rivers : an investigation into the river rights of indigenous people of Canada and New Zealand . (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Otago. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10523/173

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Strack, Michael Sainsbury. “Rebel rivers : an investigation into the river rights of indigenous people of Canada and New Zealand .” 2008. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Otago. Accessed May 24, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10523/173.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Strack, Michael Sainsbury. “Rebel rivers : an investigation into the river rights of indigenous people of Canada and New Zealand .” 2008. Web. 24 May 2020.

Vancouver:

Strack MS. Rebel rivers : an investigation into the river rights of indigenous people of Canada and New Zealand . [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Otago; 2008. [cited 2020 May 24]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/173.

Council of Science Editors:

Strack MS. Rebel rivers : an investigation into the river rights of indigenous people of Canada and New Zealand . [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Otago; 2008. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/173

University of Otago

10. McKelvey, Kelly Joanne. The B-lymphocyte Component of Inflammation .

Degree: 2010, University of Otago

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/389

► B-lymphocytes have been implicated as key mediators of inflammation and autoimmune disease. However, the mechanisms involved have yet to be fully elucidated. What is known… (more)

▼ B-lymphocytes have been implicated as key mediators of inflammation and autoimmune disease. However, the mechanisms involved have yet to be fully elucidated. What is known is summarised in Chapter 1. The overall aim of the work reported in this thesis was to identify and expand the current knowledge of genes and molecular pathways involving B-lymphocytes in inflammation using Rheumatoid arthritis as a model. Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) contributes to the innate immune receptor repertoire of B-lymphocytes. To date, five isoforms of human TLR9 have been reported (TLR9-A-E). In Chapter 2, gene expression analyses extend these observations to demonstrate tissue dependent expression of TLR9-A and TLR9-C transcript. Expression of the TLR9-A isoform was ~3-fold higher in inflamed synovia, than subcutaneous rheumatoid nodules. In contrast, nodules expressed ~4-fold more TLR9-C transcript. These results reflect differences in the inflammatory cells that dominate the lesion, particularly the macrophages prominent in nodules. Expression of TLR9-A was ~100-fold higher in B-lymphocytes than macrophages or T-lymphocytes, which predominantly expressed the TLR9-C transcript. Prior laboratory work has established the expression of CD21L and interleukin-17A (IL-17A) genes as biomarkers for classifying inflamed synovium. The biological phenomena underlying this classification are unknown. This is considered in Chapter 3. Using the CD21L/IL-17A definition and maximum radial cell count, it is shown that CD21L+/IL-17A+ synovia have larger aggregates containing B-lymphocytes, compared to those with expression of one or neither gene. Similarly, expression of TLR9-A, BAFF and RGS13 were significantly higher in CD21L+/IL-17A+ synovia. These results form the basis of a model, supported by published data, that incorporates the contribution of CD21L and IL-17A to the aggregation of B-lymphocytes in inflammatory tissue. The CD21L/IL-17A classification of synovia appears to reflect different organisation of the inflammatory cells in inflamed synovia. Chapter 4 describes the use of microarrays, to compare the gene expression profiles of CD21L+/IL-17A+ and CD21L-/IL-17A- synovia with the aim of identifying genes and molecular pathways unique to each of these two subtypes. CD21L-/IL-17A- synovia display genes associated with tissue remodelling and repair, including osteoprotegerin and fibroblast growth factor 18. In contrast, CD21L+/IL-17A+ synovia reveal a specific up-regulation of immune-related genes, including immunoglobulins and human leukocyte antigens. Included amongst these up-regulated genes were those encoding members of the signalling lymphocyte activation molecules (SLAM) family that are considered further in Chapter 5. Quantitation of expression levels show ~10-fold more SLAMF3 and ~5-fold more SLAMF7 expression in CD21L+/IL-17A+ synovia, compared to CD21L-/IL-17A- synovia. Previous reports demonstrate SLAMF3 in B- and T-lymphocyte interactions. Data presented herein suggests that SLAMF7 is involved in cellular interactions between… Advisors/Committee Members: Hessian, Paul A (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Inflammation; B-lymphocyte; Rheumatoid arthritis

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

McKelvey, K. J. (2010). The B-lymphocyte Component of Inflammation . (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Otago. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10523/389

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

McKelvey, Kelly Joanne. “The B-lymphocyte Component of Inflammation .” 2010. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Otago. Accessed May 24, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10523/389.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

McKelvey, Kelly Joanne. “The B-lymphocyte Component of Inflammation .” 2010. Web. 24 May 2020.

Vancouver:

McKelvey KJ. The B-lymphocyte Component of Inflammation . [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Otago; 2010. [cited 2020 May 24]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/389.

Council of Science Editors:

McKelvey KJ. The B-lymphocyte Component of Inflammation . [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Otago; 2010. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/389

University of Otago

11. Pattanapol, Wichai. CFD Simulation of Wind Flow over Vegetated Coastal Sand Dunes .

Degree: 2011, University of Otago

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/555

► This research applies Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to modelling flow over a vegetated foredune in the coastal zones. Morphological changes resulting from wind flow and… (more)

▼ This research applies Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to modelling flow over a vegetated foredune in the coastal zones. Morphological changes resulting from wind flow and sedimentation have direct impacts on plant and animal species, and people living nearby. Information on natural processes such as foredune formation have remained poorly understood owing to the complex interaction of a range of biogeomorphic factors. CFD can be employed in order to investigate complex flows over a coastal foredune. Extending CFD to modelling flow over a vegetated foredune is challenging as the combined natural processes need to be modelled. This thesis aims to test the efficacy of CFD in accurately predicting i) wind flow over a vegetated complex foredune, ii) associated sand transport and iii) to determine whether CFD can be employed for use to predict complex flows in real circumstances. In two-dimensional computations, the RANS-based turbulence models were optimised with the wall functions to model a wall bounded flow with a vegetation cover. The turubence model: the renormalisation group (RNG), the realisable κ — є model as well as the SST κ — ω model were optimised with the wall functions (the standard, the non-equilibrium and the enhanced wall function). The optimised models were then applied to model flow over a ve-getation cover in 2D. The effects of vegetation cover was modelled by using two approaches: i) using the roughness parameter (κѕ) in the wall function; and ii) adding the source/sink terms into the momentum equation for flow (to account for plant drag). The models for sand transport were investigated and the Volume of Fluid (VOF) model was selected, modified and verified with field data from the literature. The verified models for turbulence, vegetation covers and and transport were then used in three dimensional simulations. A more complex turbulence model the detached eddy simulation (DES) model was tested in addition to the RNG model in three dimensional computations. The DES model performed better than the RNG model in predicitng 3D flow, and was used with the source/sink term models (for vegetation cover), and the VOF model (for sand transport) to model the 3D-flow over a vegetated foredune at Mason Bay, Stewart Island, New Zealand. In 2D, the combination of the RNG and the non-equilibrium wall function returned the most accurate predictions particularly for the streamwise mean velocity. Modelling vegetation cover with the source/sink term in the momen¬tum equation returned more accurate predictions than by using the roughness parameter in the wall function particularly in the canopy regions. The modi¬fied VOF model predicted realistic sand bed profiles but under-predicted the velocity magnitude near the surface. In 3D, the model combination of the DES, the source/sink term model, and the VOF model successfully predicted the pattern of sand transport over the foredune at Mason Bay. The results given by CFD simulations provided new information on natural processes. The simulation results in this research… Advisors/Committee Members: Wakes, Sarah (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: CFD wind flow vegetated coastal sand dunes

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Pattanapol, W. (2011). CFD Simulation of Wind Flow over Vegetated Coastal Sand Dunes . (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Otago. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10523/555

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Pattanapol, Wichai. “CFD Simulation of Wind Flow over Vegetated Coastal Sand Dunes .” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Otago. Accessed May 24, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10523/555.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Pattanapol, Wichai. “CFD Simulation of Wind Flow over Vegetated Coastal Sand Dunes .” 2011. Web. 24 May 2020.

Vancouver:

Pattanapol W. CFD Simulation of Wind Flow over Vegetated Coastal Sand Dunes . [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Otago; 2011. [cited 2020 May 24]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/555.

Council of Science Editors:

Pattanapol W. CFD Simulation of Wind Flow over Vegetated Coastal Sand Dunes . [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Otago; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/555

University of Otago

12. Veloo, Palanisamy Kowndar. The Development of Number Sense and Mental Computation Proficiencies: An Intervention Study with Secondary One Students in Brunei Darussalam .

Degree: 2010, University of Otago

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/411

► This thesis reports on the development of number sense and mental computation proficiencies and their relationship to selected affective variables of Secondary 1 students, following… (more)

▼ This thesis reports on the development of number sense and mental computation proficiencies and their relationship to selected affective variables of Secondary 1 students, following an instructional intervention that lasted 10-weeks. Four government secondary schools and seven qualified and experienced mathematics teachers, and their 210 Secondary 1 mathematics students in Brunei Darussalam, generated the data for study. Two schools were randomly assigned as Treatment schools (with 118 students) and two other schools were the Control schools (with 92 students). A stratified random sample of 45 students drawn from the High (n=15), Middle (n=15) and Low (n=15) groups were interviewed before and after instructional intervention to determine the thinking strategies the students used in answering selected number sense questions. As part of this study, a group of Primary and a group of Lower Secondary mathematics teachers were also tested on their number sense proficiency. Answers to the following research questions were sought in the study: Research Question 1: To what extent were the instructional interventions effective in helping students improve their number sense and mental computation proficiencies? Related to this major research question are several sub-questions for which answers were first sought. These are as follows: Research Question 1a: What were the levels of number sense and mental computation proficiencies, attitudes and confidence of the sample of Bruneian Secondary 1 students prior to the instructional intervention? Research Question 1b: What were the levels of number sense, mental computation proficiencies, attitudes and confidence of the sample of Bruneian Secondary 1 students immediately after instructional intervention ended? Research Question 1c: What were the levels of number sense and mental computation proficiencies, and confidence of the sample of Bruneian Secondary 1 students at the retention stage of the study (i.e., six weeks after instructional intervention ended)? Were any gains in number sense ability or mental computation proficiencies maintained six weeks after the intervention programme had been completed? Research Question 1d: Were there gender differences in number sense and mental computation proficiencies at each of the pre-teaching, post-teaching, and retention stages of the study? Research Question 1e: Did students’ number sense and mental computation proficiencies, attitudes and confidence, change in educationally significant ways over the period of intervention? Research Question 1f: Were there differences in cognitive processing methods used to answer number sense questions between High, Medium and Low-ability students, at the pre-teaching, and post-teaching stages of the study? Research Question 2 What are the relationships among number sense, mental computation and written computation proficiencies of Secondary 1 students at the post-teaching stage of the study? Research Question 3: What is the level of number sense proficiency of the… Advisors/Committee Members: Holton, Derek Allan (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: instructional interventions; number sense; mental computation proficiencies; Brunei Darussalam; government secondary schools; mathematics teachers; Primary mathematics teachers; Secondary mathematics teachers

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Veloo, P. K. (2010). The Development of Number Sense and Mental Computation Proficiencies: An Intervention Study with Secondary One Students in Brunei Darussalam . (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Otago. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10523/411

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Veloo, Palanisamy Kowndar. “The Development of Number Sense and Mental Computation Proficiencies: An Intervention Study with Secondary One Students in Brunei Darussalam .” 2010. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Otago. Accessed May 24, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10523/411.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Veloo, Palanisamy Kowndar. “The Development of Number Sense and Mental Computation Proficiencies: An Intervention Study with Secondary One Students in Brunei Darussalam .” 2010. Web. 24 May 2020.

Vancouver:

Veloo PK. The Development of Number Sense and Mental Computation Proficiencies: An Intervention Study with Secondary One Students in Brunei Darussalam . [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Otago; 2010. [cited 2020 May 24]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/411.

Council of Science Editors:

Veloo PK. The Development of Number Sense and Mental Computation Proficiencies: An Intervention Study with Secondary One Students in Brunei Darussalam . [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Otago; 2010. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/411

University of Otago

13. Lang, Bodo. Who talks more? How the satisfaction - word of mouth relationship varies across services .

Degree: 2010, University of Otago

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/444

► This thesis is about word of mouth (WOM), which is informal communication between consumers about a product or a service, with no party being formally… (more)

▼ This thesis is about word of mouth (WOM), which is informal communication between consumers about a product or a service, with no party being formally rewarded. This thesis focuses on the relationship between customer satisfaction and WOM. Research has found support for three competing relationships: A positivity bias, where highly satisfied customers engage in more WOM than highly dissatisfied customers; a negativity bias, where highly dissatisfied customers engage in more WOM than highly satisfied customers; and lastly a symmetric relationship, where highly satisfied customers and highly dissatisfied customers engage in similar amounts of WOM. This thesis uses a taxonomy of service encounters to resolve these conflicting findings. The taxonomy is based on three variables: the duration of an encounter, the level of affect (emotional arousal) during the encounter, and the spatial proximity between staff and the customer during the encounter. The two extreme encounters in this taxonomy can be described as EAI (i.e. enduring, affectively charged and intimate distance) and BRD (i.e. brief, rational and public distance). This thesis proposes that the shape of the satisfaction – WOM relationship (positivity bias, negativity bias or symmetric) depends on the type of service encounter. Specifically, BRD encounters are predicted to result in a negativity bias, whereas EAI encounters are expected to exhibit a positivity bias. A mixed methods approach was used to investigate the satisfaction - WOM relationship. The qualitative phase consisted of semi-structured interviews and the data was analysed with a number of techniques. Results confirmed satisfaction as a key driver of WOM and also showed that the satisfaction – WOM relationship varied across different types of services. Importantly, a previously unconsidered variable, WOM's entertainment value, was discovered and shown to be highly associated with consumers’ WOM activity. During the quantitative phase a new measure of WOM intentions was developed and the measure showed high levels of validity and reliability. A Multiple Analysis of Variance (N = 281) supported the positivity bias for EAI encounters and the negativity bias for BRD encounters, thus reconciling the conflicting findings in the WOM literature. This can be considered as the major empirical contribution of this thesis. A Multiple Analysis of Covariance documented the strong impact of entertainment value on WOM activity, which confirms the importance of this construct in WOM research. Similar results were obtained in a second sample (N = 158). Results were explained using the self-serving bias (SSB), where consumers use positive WOM to enhance their self esteem and how other consumers perceive them, thereby engaging in a lot of WOM about highly satisfactory EAI encounters. Conversely, consumers attempt to reduce the potential self-threat of WOM, thus they talk less about highly dissatisfying EAI encounters. This thesis casts doubts over the widely-held misbelief that highly… Advisors/Committee Members: Rob Lawson, Ken Hyde (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: word of mouth; satisfaction; service; self-serving bias

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Lang, B. (2010). Who talks more? How the satisfaction - word of mouth relationship varies across services . (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Otago. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10523/444

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Lang, Bodo. “Who talks more? How the satisfaction - word of mouth relationship varies across services .” 2010. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Otago. Accessed May 24, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10523/444.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Lang, Bodo. “Who talks more? How the satisfaction - word of mouth relationship varies across services .” 2010. Web. 24 May 2020.

Vancouver:

Lang B. Who talks more? How the satisfaction - word of mouth relationship varies across services . [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Otago; 2010. [cited 2020 May 24]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/444.

Council of Science Editors:

Lang B. Who talks more? How the satisfaction - word of mouth relationship varies across services . [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Otago; 2010. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/444

University of Otago

14. Broadbent, Jonathan Mark. Oral health disparities to the fourth decade of life .

Degree: 2010, University of Otago

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/420

► Introduction and objectives Dental caries is a chronic, cumulative disease which affects nearly every individual in New Zealand; however, no studies have investigated longitudinal patterns… (more)

▼ Introduction and objectives Dental caries is a chronic, cumulative disease which affects nearly every individual in New Zealand; however, no studies have investigated longitudinal patterns of caries experience to show how this disease progresses over time at the population level. Furthermore, disparities in the experience of dental caries experience across the social classes are significant, pervasive, and relevant to public health policy. Thus, the objective of this research was to identify and describe developmental trajectories of caries experience in the permanent dentition to age 32, if present, and to explore the ways in which these trajectories may help in investigating and explaining social class disparities in caries experience. Method Longitudinal caries data from participants (males and females) in a longstanding birth cohort study, the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study, were used in primary analysis in this Study. The Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study is a longstanding study of health and development in a complete cohort of Dunedin-born males and females. New dental data were collected when the Study members were aged 32 years of age; however, Study members had also previously received dental examinations at ages 5, 9, 15, 18, and 26 years. Data on Study members’ social status, education, income, and related measures were also collected at several points through their lives. Cumulative DMF scores and DMF increment scores were calculated, and social class differences in the experience of dental caries and tooth loss were investigated. The primary analysis was based upon the DMFS data collected in the Study, and was conducted using a longitudinal latent class analysis technique called Group-Based Trajectory Analysis, based in the SAS macro program PROC TRAJ, a specialised mixture model that estimates means for multiple groups within a population. Using this approach, Study members were assigned to 3 distinct groups on a maximum likelihood basis, (based on their dental caries experience patterns over time), giving distinct trajectories of dental caries experience. The nature of these trajectories and their determinants and consequences were then investigated, with particular emphasis upon their social determinants and consequences for oral-health-related quality of life. Results Data from a total of 955 Study members was included for the trajectory analysis in this study. By the time they had reached age 32 years, the prevalence of dental caries experience was 96.8%, and 22.8% of Study members had lost a tooth due to dental caries. The overall mean DMFS (Decayed, Missing, and Filled Surfaces) score had reached 16.5 at age 32 years, having accumulated since the age 5 years assessments, when the mean DMFS score was 0.0. Three distinctive trajectories of caries experience were identified; these were categorised as “high” (~15%), “medium” (~43%), and “low” (~42%) trajectories of DMFS scores. All three trajectories showed a relatively linear increase in DMFS… Advisors/Committee Members: Thomson, Murray (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: dental caries; epidemiology

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Broadbent, J. M. (2010). Oral health disparities to the fourth decade of life . (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Otago. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10523/420

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Broadbent, Jonathan Mark. “Oral health disparities to the fourth decade of life .” 2010. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Otago. Accessed May 24, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10523/420.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Broadbent, Jonathan Mark. “Oral health disparities to the fourth decade of life .” 2010. Web. 24 May 2020.

Vancouver:

Broadbent JM. Oral health disparities to the fourth decade of life . [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Otago; 2010. [cited 2020 May 24]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/420.

Council of Science Editors:

Broadbent JM. Oral health disparities to the fourth decade of life . [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Otago; 2010. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/420

University of Otago

15. Barry , Melissa. Effects of theta burst stimulation on the corticocortical pathways of the rat brain, in vivo .

Degree: 2010, University of Otago

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/437

► Synaptic plasticity in the motor cortex involves interactions of multiple intrinsic and extrinsic inputs to enable learning of motor tasks. The crossed corticocortical pathways connect… (more)

▼ Synaptic plasticity in the motor cortex involves interactions of multiple intrinsic and extrinsic inputs to enable learning of motor tasks. The crossed corticocortical pathways connect the primary cortices (M1) of the hemispheres together to coordinate descending output, but minimal research has been done on synaptic plasticity of these pathways onto pyramidal neurons, the M1 output neurons. The crossed-corticocortical pathways were identified and their efficacy modulated using variations of theta burst stimulation (TBS), a protocol based on the theta rhythms seen in the brain during exploratory learning tasks. Previous studies investigated TBS use as part of a rehabilitation programme by applying it in intermittent (iTBS) or continuous (cTBS) patterns with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation. Although successfully applied to the human M1, minimal research has been done on crossed-cortical pathways using animal models to identify cellular mechanisms engaged by iTBS and cTBS. The aim of this study was to use in vivo intracellular recordings to first identify specific crossedcorticocortical pathways by antidromically stimulating the contralateral striatum and cortex, and second to investigate the effects of iTBS and cTBS applied to either of these areas on the crossed-corticocortical pathway. Application of iTBS to the contralateral striatum decreased postsynaptic potential (PSP) slopes (-20.7 ± 5.7% at 10min post; -11.3 ± 10.5% at 20min post; n=11) whereas cTBS to the same area increased PSP slope (+15.5 ± 8.2% at 10min; +20.4 ± 7.5% at 20min; n = 11). Stimulating the contralateral cortex produced a mixed effect that showed little change after stimulation with iTBS (+9.1 ± 7.6% at 10min) and cTBS (-2.5 ± 5.6% at 10min). These plasticity results suggest striatal stimulation activates a single population of crossed-cortical axons whereas mixed effects are induced in the cortex by recruiting other corticocortical axons. To target specific cortical pathways iTBS was applied at a low intensity and recorded the effects using a protocol based on human interhemispheric inhibition (IHI) experiments. This consisted of a low intensity conditioning stimulus applied to the contralateral cortex 4 to 10ms before a test stimulus applied to the ipsilateral cortex, which decreased the slope of the test PSP (-18% of control, p < 0.05, paired t-test; n = 40). Interhemispheric inhibition was then modulated by applying iTBS to the contralateral cortex. When iTBS was applied at a level sufficient to evoke a PSP in the neuron (suprathreshold), IHI was unchanged (-15% of control, n = 7). When iTBS intensity was below threshold for evoking a PSP (subthreshold), IHI was abolished (+3% of control, n = 7; p < 0.05, unpaired t-test). Since cannabinoids can suppress GABA release the endocannabinoid antagonist AM251 (n = 4) was used to partially block these effects, suggesting GABAergic mechanisms in the cortex are preferentially activated with low intensity stimuli. Overall, it was found crossed-corticocortical pathways could be identified… Advisors/Committee Members: Reynolds, John (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: In vivo intracellular recording; Synaptic plasticity; Motor cortex; Theta burst stimulation

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Barry , M. (2010). Effects of theta burst stimulation on the corticocortical pathways of the rat brain, in vivo . (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Otago. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10523/437

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Barry , Melissa. “Effects of theta burst stimulation on the corticocortical pathways of the rat brain, in vivo .” 2010. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Otago. Accessed May 24, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10523/437.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Barry , Melissa. “Effects of theta burst stimulation on the corticocortical pathways of the rat brain, in vivo .” 2010. Web. 24 May 2020.

Vancouver:

Barry M. Effects of theta burst stimulation on the corticocortical pathways of the rat brain, in vivo . [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Otago; 2010. [cited 2020 May 24]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/437.

Council of Science Editors:

Barry M. Effects of theta burst stimulation on the corticocortical pathways of the rat brain, in vivo . [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Otago; 2010. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/437

University of Otago

16. Quigg, Robin. Assessing the effect of up-grading playgrounds on children’s physical activity .

Degree: 2010, University of Otago

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/447

► Playgrounds are facilities that may increase children’s physical activity. Territorial authorities provide playgrounds in public parks. The link between children’s needs for physical activity and… (more)

▼ Playgrounds are facilities that may increase children’s physical activity. Territorial authorities provide playgrounds in public parks. The link between children’s needs for physical activity and subsequent provision of play equipment was acknowledged in the Dunedin City Council’s (DCC) 2006 Play Strategy. Implementation of the Strategy through planned up-grades in a spatially-defined area provided an opportunity to test whether children’s physical activity increased with improved play facilities. Two playgrounds were up-graded by the DCC in early 2008 providing the opportunity to conduct a natural experiment study known as LOCATE (Location of Children's Activity in Their Environment) set in Dunedin, New Zealand (NZ). The Location Of Children’s Activity in Their Environment Study (LOCATE) was a natural experiment, set in Dunedin, New Zealand (NZ). At baseline (October - December 2007), 184 children, aged five to ten years old, were recruited from participating schools in intervention and control communities with comparable demographic and spatial characteristics. There were 156 participants at follow-up (15% attrition). There were two phases: a baseline assessment and the follow-up assessment, with 12 months between each assessment. To obtain parents/guardians perceptions of their neighbourhood and other information associated with physical activity, a self-administered questionnaire was developed and tested for reliability in a pilot study. It was mailed to each participant’s home when they began each assessment phase. Participants’ heights and weights were measured, and age- and sex-standardised BMIs determined. Mean Total Daily Physical Activity (TDPA), measured by an Actigraph GT1M accelerometer, was matched with location data collected at one minute intervals using a GlobalSat DG-100 Global Positioning System Data Logger. A regression model was used to compare the log-transformed mean TDPA at follow-up, with baseline scores included as a covariate. All models controlled for repeated measures and clustering by schools by using random effects. Univariate screening was carried out using p<0.1 for inclusion in the model with a priori exploratory subgroup analyses by sex, age, and BMI performed by using interactions between these variables and the community. Non-linear associations were explored and fractional polynomial models were used where appropriate. There was evidence of statistically significant associations with mean TDPA at follow-up for participant age, sex and ethnicity; school day and usual mode of travel to school. Statistically significant interactions were found between sex and ethnicity; community and BMI z-score. Compared to the control community, participants in the intervention community did not have a statistically significantly different mean TDPA (p=0.456). Compared to baseline data, integrated location and physical activity follow-up data indicated a small, but statistically significant increase in median TDPA located at the two up-graded playgrounds in the intervention… Advisors/Committee Members: Reeder, Anthony (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: children; physical activity; playground; accelerometer; global positioning system

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Quigg, R. (2010). Assessing the effect of up-grading playgrounds on children’s physical activity . (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Otago. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10523/447

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Quigg, Robin. “Assessing the effect of up-grading playgrounds on children’s physical activity .” 2010. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Otago. Accessed May 24, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10523/447.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Quigg, Robin. “Assessing the effect of up-grading playgrounds on children’s physical activity .” 2010. Web. 24 May 2020.

Vancouver:

Quigg R. Assessing the effect of up-grading playgrounds on children’s physical activity . [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Otago; 2010. [cited 2020 May 24]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/447.

Council of Science Editors:

Quigg R. Assessing the effect of up-grading playgrounds on children’s physical activity . [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Otago; 2010. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/447

University of Otago

17. Te Morenga, Lisa Anne. The effects of altering macronutrient composition on diabetes risk .

Degree: 2010, University of Otago

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/439

► The metabolic syndrome describes a cluster of risk factors for type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Nutritional approaches which favourably influence these factors might be expected to… (more)

▼ The metabolic syndrome describes a cluster of risk factors for type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Nutritional approaches which favourably influence these factors might be expected to reduce the risk of T2DM. Two dietary intervention studies have been undertaken to examine the effects of macronutrient composition on clinical and metabolic determinants associated with the metabolic syndrome. Previous research suggests that moderately high-protein diets may be more appropriate than conventional low-fat, high-carbohydrate diets for individuals at high risk of T2DM. However in most such studies sources of dietary carbohydrate were not specified or may not have been appropriate. Thus in the first study two weight-loss diets – one moderately high in protein and the other high in fibre-rich, minimally-processed cereals and legumes – were compared to determine whether a relatively high-protein diet has the potential to confer greater benefit. Eighty-three overweight or obese women were randomised to either a moderately high-protein diet (HP) or to a high-fibre, relatively high-carbohydrate diet (HFib) for 8 weeks. Energy intakes were restricted. Participants on both diets lost weight (HP: -4.5kg; 95% confidence interval (CI):-5.4, -3.7kg and HFib: -3.3kg; 95% CI: -4.2, -2.4kg), reduced body fat and showed improvement in other markers of metabolic risk. However participants on HP lost more body weight (-1.3 kg; 95% CI: -2.5, -0.1kg) and total fat (-1.3kg; 95% CI: -2.4, -0.1). Diastolic blood pressure decreased more on HP than on HFib. Dietary approaches to reducing risk of T2DM typically emphasise fat and energy restriction, but for many achieving and maintaining weight loss is difficult. Diets that focus on substantially altering macronutrient distribution rather than energy restriction are promising alternatives. The second study examined the effects on body composition, insulin sensitivity and other metabolic risk factors, of dietary advice including moderate increases in protein and fibre, without specifying energy intake compared with standard dietary recommendations. Eighty-nine women at risk of T2DM were randomised to either a standard low-fat, highcarbohydrate diet (StdD) or to a relatively high-protein, high-fibre diet (HPHFib) for 10 weeks. Participants on the HPHFib diet lost more weight (1.3 kg; 95% CI 0.7, 1.9) and fat (1.0 kg; 95% CI 0.2, 1.8) than participants on StdD. Total and low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol were also significantly lower after the HPHFib diet. In contrast insulin sensitivity was reduced on HPHFib (-17.8%; 95%CI -28.6%, -5.3%) compared with StdD after adjustment for weight loss. In conclusion a moderately high-protein, weight-reducing diet was associated with greater benefits when compared with an appropriate high-carbohydrate, high-fibre diet in high risk women, confirming the advantages of high-protein diets that have been observed by others. An ad-libitum diet high in both protein and fibre also improved body composition and markers of metabolic risk compared with standard dietary… Advisors/Committee Members: Mann, Jim (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Obesity; overwieght; dietary fibre; dietary protein; insulin resistance; macronutrient composition; metabolic syndrome; women; diabetes; type 2 diabetes mellitus

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APA (6^th Edition):

Te Morenga, L. A. (2010). The effects of altering macronutrient composition on diabetes risk . (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Otago. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10523/439

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Te Morenga, Lisa Anne. “The effects of altering macronutrient composition on diabetes risk .” 2010. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Otago. Accessed May 24, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10523/439.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Te Morenga, Lisa Anne. “The effects of altering macronutrient composition on diabetes risk .” 2010. Web. 24 May 2020.

Vancouver:

Te Morenga LA. The effects of altering macronutrient composition on diabetes risk . [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Otago; 2010. [cited 2020 May 24]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/439.

Council of Science Editors:

Te Morenga LA. The effects of altering macronutrient composition on diabetes risk . [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Otago; 2010. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/439

University of Otago

18. Brace, Rachel. Functional studies of a Tangier Disease mutation .

Degree: 2010, University of Otago

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/449

► Low levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL) are a well established, independent risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis. The ABCA1 (ATP-binding cassette A1) protein… (more)

▼ Low levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL) are a well established, independent risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis. The ABCA1 (ATP-binding cassette A1) protein is a key regulator of HDL levels as it promotes efflux of cholesterol and phospholipids to circulating lipid-poor apoA-I to form mature HDL particles. Mutations in the ABCA1 gene can cause hypoalphalipoproteinaemia or Tangier Disease (TD) due to a lack of circulating HDL. A New Zealand individual with TD was previously identified and reported as homozygous for a novel R1068H mutation in the ABCA1 gene. The 42 year old female presented with virtually no circulating HDL and peripheral neuropathy, but no sign of atherosclerosis. Interestingly, the TD proband carried two different ABCA1 promoter haplotypes, indicating that her maternal and paternal ABCA1 alleles may be under differential regulatory control. Analysis of the R1068H mutation was carried out to determine impact of the mutation on ABCA1 function. In silico analysis of the mutation suggested that it was ‘probably damaging’, and modeling of the mutation based on a bacterial homologue confirmed the proximity of residue 1068 to the first nucleotide binding domain of ABCA1. Cholesterol efflux assays in HEK293 cells transfected with ABCA1 expression vectors showed that the R1068H mutation severely impaired cholesterol efflux, supporting the in silico analysis. Confocal microscopy of ABCA1 in HEK293 cells suggested that the R1068H mutation lead to reduced plasma membrane localisation of the protein. Primary skin fibroblast cultures were established from R1068H family members to perform further ABCA1 functional analyses. Cholesterol efflux assays performed in TD fibroblasts displayed very little cholesterol efflux potential. Interestingly, fibroblasts of R1068H carriers also showed a marked reduction in cholesterol efflux (< 40% of wildtype). The two ABCA1 promoter haplotypes present in the TD proband were investigated for their relative promoter activities. The maternal haplotype carried the minor alleles for 5 SNPs and an insertion/deletion, and showed decreased promoter activity compared to the paternal haplotype in both RAW264.7 and HepG2 cells. However, in RAW264.7 cells the maternal haplotype was upregulated to a greater extent by LXR and RXR agonists, and showed higher promoter activity than the paternal promoter haplotype. ABCA1 expression was examined at the mRNA and protein level in all primary fibroblast cell lines. mRNA expression was very variable between cell lines, and did not appear to correlate with ABCA1 promoter genotype, R1068H genotype, cholesterol efflux level or HDL level. Protein expression was examined by Western blot and was not significantly different between individual family members. Allele-specific ABCA1 expression was examined in R1068H heterozygotes to measure the relative contribution of each allele to overall expression. The mutant 1068H allele was shown to contribute only a small amount of total ABCA1 expression in paternal carriers (20 – 37%) and… Advisors/Committee Members: McCormick, Sally (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: ABCA1; Tangier Disease; HDL

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APA (6^th Edition):

Brace, R. (2010). Functional studies of a Tangier Disease mutation . (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Otago. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10523/449

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Brace, Rachel. “Functional studies of a Tangier Disease mutation .” 2010. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Otago. Accessed May 24, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10523/449.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Brace, Rachel. “Functional studies of a Tangier Disease mutation .” 2010. Web. 24 May 2020.

Vancouver:

Brace R. Functional studies of a Tangier Disease mutation . [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Otago; 2010. [cited 2020 May 24]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/449.

Council of Science Editors:

Brace R. Functional studies of a Tangier Disease mutation . [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Otago; 2010. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/449

University of Otago

19. Burns, Robert G. H. Transforming Folk: Innovation and Tradition in English Folk–Rock Music .

Degree: 2010, University of Otago

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/451

► From a mixed methodology perspective that includes ethnology, musicology and cultural anthropology, I argue that, despite initial detachment from folk revivalism, English folk–rock has moved… (more)

▼ From a mixed methodology perspective that includes ethnology, musicology and cultural anthropology, I argue that, despite initial detachment from folk revivalism, English folk–rock has moved closer to aspects of tradition and historical status and has embraced a revivalist stance similar to that of the folk revivals that occurred earlier in the twentieth century. Whereas revivalism often rejects manifestations of mass culture and modernity, I also argue that the early combinations of folk music and rock music demonstrated that aspects of preservation and commercialisation have always co–existed within this hybrid musical style. English folk–rock, a former progressive rock music style, has emerged in the post–punk era as a world music style that appeals to a broad spectrum of music fans and this audience does not regard issues such as maintenance of authenticity and tradition as key factors in the preservation process. Rock music has remained a stimulus for further change in folk music and has enabled English folk–rock to become regarded as popular music by a new audience with diverse musical tastes. When folk music was adapted into rock settings, the result represented a particular identity for folk music at that time. In a similar way, as folk music continues to be amalgamated with rock and other popular music styles, or is performed in musical settings representing new cultures and ethnicities now present in the United Kingdom, it becomes updated and relevant to new audiences. From this perspective, I propose that growth in the popularity of British folk music since the early 1970s can be linked to its performance as English folk–rock, to its connections with culture and music industry marketing and promotion techniques, and to its inclusion as a 1990s festival component presented to audiences as part of what is promoted as world music. Popularity of folk music presented at world music festivals has stimulated significant growth in folk music audiences since the mid–1990s and consequently the UK is experiencing a new phase of revivalism – the third folk revival. Advisors/Committee Members: Court, Sue (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Englishness; folk–rock; folk music; British national identity; tradition; rock music; music innovation; musical change; progressive rock; British folk movement; Great Britain; history and criticism; popular music

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Burns, R. G. H. (2010). Transforming Folk: Innovation and Tradition in English Folk–Rock Music . (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Otago. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10523/451

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Burns, Robert G H. “Transforming Folk: Innovation and Tradition in English Folk–Rock Music .” 2010. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Otago. Accessed May 24, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10523/451.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Burns, Robert G H. “Transforming Folk: Innovation and Tradition in English Folk–Rock Music .” 2010. Web. 24 May 2020.

Vancouver:

Burns RGH. Transforming Folk: Innovation and Tradition in English Folk–Rock Music . [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Otago; 2010. [cited 2020 May 24]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/451.

Council of Science Editors:

Burns RGH. Transforming Folk: Innovation and Tradition in English Folk–Rock Music . [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Otago; 2010. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/451

University of Otago

20. van Kogelenberg, Margriet. Studies into the Underlying Aetiology of Periventricular Heterotopia .

Degree: 2010, University of Otago

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/455

► Understanding the genetic and molecular components involved in cortical development will enhance the understanding of the pathogenesis of malformations affecting the brain. This project encompasses… (more)

▼ Understanding the genetic and molecular components involved in cortical development will enhance the understanding of the pathogenesis of malformations affecting the brain. This project encompasses three strategies to progress the understanding of human cortical development, extend knowledge of the genetic aetiology of the neuronal migration disorder periventricular heterotopia (PH), and provide connections to molecular pathways. The first strategy explored the dimerisation capabilities of a mutant FLNA protein identified in a surviving male with PH. This mutation, located in the dimerisation interface, was shown to disrupt homodimerisation of FLNA, an interaction crucial for actin cross-linking. Biochemical studies showed that this mutant FLNA can form homodimers utilizing a second dimerisation site. In addition, FLNA and FLNB were shown to be capable of forming heterodimers although the low level at which this interaction occured calls into doubt the physiological significance of this interaction. The second strategy investigated whether copy number changes at the FLNA locus are a mutational mechanism underlying PH. Five PH patients, including one male, were identified with copy number changes of FLNA that include full length and intragenic deletions and intragenic duplications. The male with an intragenic duplication presented with severe intestinal dysmotility, classified as X-linked chronic idiopathic intestinal pseudo-obstruction. Subsequent protein expression studies showed that the mutation was associated with reduced FLNA expression. The final strategy aimed to identify new PH loci by detecting genomic rearrangements using genome wide arrays. An initial study to prove the validity of this approach identified the monogenetic cause of osteopathia striata with cranial sclerosis, a skeletal dysplasia. Six PH patients were identified with genomic deletions which could be divided into two categories; deletions overlapping with common microdeletion syndromes (2) and novel copy number changes (3). The majority of patients with microdeletion syndromes do not present with PH suggesting that the presence of this neurological presentation can be a secondary consequence of these genomic alterations with variable penetrance. The analysis of four patients with three novel genomic events proved complex and demonstrated that the clinical interpretation of detected copy number variants in relation to PH is challenging. This study advanced the knowledge regarding PH by extending the biochemical understanding of the cellular functions of FLNA and detecting intragenic copy number changes as a new mutational mechanism at this locus. The search for novel PH genes uncovered no novel genetic contributors but did suggest that this approach may have validity in localising new loci for PH and improving the understanding of genes and signalling pathways underlying human brain development. Advisors/Committee Members: Robertson, Stephen (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Periventricular heterotopia; Filamin A

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

van Kogelenberg, M. (2010). Studies into the Underlying Aetiology of Periventricular Heterotopia . (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Otago. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10523/455

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

van Kogelenberg, Margriet. “Studies into the Underlying Aetiology of Periventricular Heterotopia .” 2010. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Otago. Accessed May 24, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10523/455.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

van Kogelenberg, Margriet. “Studies into the Underlying Aetiology of Periventricular Heterotopia .” 2010. Web. 24 May 2020.

Vancouver:

van Kogelenberg M. Studies into the Underlying Aetiology of Periventricular Heterotopia . [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Otago; 2010. [cited 2020 May 24]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/455.

Council of Science Editors:

van Kogelenberg M. Studies into the Underlying Aetiology of Periventricular Heterotopia . [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Otago; 2010. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/455

University of Otago

21. van der Meer, Jacques. Mapping first semester challenges : first-year students making sense of their teaching and learning environments .

Degree: 2009, University of Otago

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/540

► This thesis investigates first-year students' challenges in making sense of the learning and teaching environment during their first semester at university. The aims for the… (more)

▼ This thesis investigates first-year students' challenges in making sense of the learning and teaching environment during their first semester at university. The aims for the research are threefold. Firstly, mapping the range of challenges students at one university faced in their learning and teaching environments in the first semester. Secondly, developing a greater understanding of those challenges. Thirdly, identifying what educational initiatives the university could consider that might assist students to meet those challenges. The challenges were examined in the context of changes in higher education. My interest and motivation for this research project concerns improved practices in the first-year teaching and learning environment, rather than improved students. This means that I did not look for deficits within students, but for indications of what helps or does not help students' introduction to the new environment of academia. By mapping students' challenges in the first semester, I hope to contribute to the understanding of academic staff of the range of challenges students have to deal with. The interpretation of the results and my line of argument are partly influenced and shaped by the theoretical framework of academic literacies, and the notion of de-familiarisation. For this project, two data sources were used. The first source was data from a survey carried out in May 2004 amongst students enrolled in 100-level courses. The second source was data from interviews conducted with first-year students in the same year. In considering the analysis as a whole, a number of key issues could be discerned. These related to communication, academic skills, access to resources and help, and engagement and connection. The results showed that some of these issues had less to do with educational practices, and more to do with contested understandings of the nature of university education, and the nature of students now entering university. I argue that underlying these issues there are contentious questions of who should adjust or adapt to whom: students to the university, or the university to students? Students' reported experiences further suggest that some teachers seemed more aware than others that first-year students face particular challenges. Students did not consider their experiences as reflective of the university as a whole. The university was experienced as an institution with divergent ways of organising courses, of valuing aspects of university learning, and of interpreting seemingly similar things. This suggests that where students experienced challenges, these were not necessarily a function of students' characteristics, or students' attitudes to studying, but of particular course environments. The overall picture that presents itself, then, is that there are challenges that could be considered unnecessary. Whereas few students would experience all of the challenges identified in the results chapters, I argue that there are some aspects that warrant improvement. Improvement initiatives…

Subjects/Keywords: college student development programs; college student orientation; college freshmen; learning; services for college students; higher education

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

van der Meer, J. (2009). Mapping first semester challenges : first-year students making sense of their teaching and learning environments . (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Otago. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10523/540

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

van der Meer, Jacques. “Mapping first semester challenges : first-year students making sense of their teaching and learning environments .” 2009. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Otago. Accessed May 24, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10523/540.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

van der Meer, Jacques. “Mapping first semester challenges : first-year students making sense of their teaching and learning environments .” 2009. Web. 24 May 2020.

Vancouver:

van der Meer J. Mapping first semester challenges : first-year students making sense of their teaching and learning environments . [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Otago; 2009. [cited 2020 May 24]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/540.

Council of Science Editors:

van der Meer J. Mapping first semester challenges : first-year students making sense of their teaching and learning environments . [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Otago; 2009. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/540

University of Otago

22. Vajjah, Venkata Pavan Kumar. Application of pharmacometric methods to clinical toxicology studies .

Degree: 2011, University of Otago

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/554

► Risk assessment is a fundamental part of clinical toxicology. It is complicated due to a variable time course of clinical effects of drugs in clinical… (more)

▼ Risk assessment is a fundamental part of clinical toxicology. It is complicated due to a variable time course of clinical effects of drugs in clinical toxicology. Defining the time course of clinical effects of drugs in overdose will assist in accurate risk assessment and thus minimise the risk to benefit ratio for each individual patient. However assessing the time course of clinical effects of drugs is complex in overdose studies. The complexity arises from absence of accurate knowledge of the dose, the time at which the overdose was ingested and observations in the initial phase of the study after the overdose. The study designs in overdose studies are highly unbalanced which adds to the complexity. The purpose of this thesis is to apply pharmacometric methods to define the time course of clinical effects of drugs in overdose. In this thesis pharmacometric methods are applied to: 1) Quantify the effects of various decontamination procedures on pharmacokinetics of venlafaxine in overdose. 2) Quantify the effects of various decontamination procedures on pharmacodynamics of venlafaxine in overdose. 3) Develop a robust optimality criterion for designing a study to assess whether paracetamol in overdose has linear or nonlinear pharmacokinetics. In the pharmacokinetic analysis (Chapter 2), data obtained from a venlafaxine overdose study were modelled using Bayesian methodology in WinBUGS 1.4.3.The results of the analysis showed that a one-compartment model with first-order input and first-order elimination provided an adequate description of the data. Single dose activated charcoal increased the clearance of venlafaxine by 35% and a combination of single dose activated charcoal and whole bowel irrigation reduced the fraction absorbed by 29%, however the latter produced a greater reduction in maximum plasma concentration for a similar drop in area under the curve compared to single dose activate charcoal alone. In the pharmacodynamic analysis (Chapter 4), a linear logistic regression model was used to describe the influence of dose and decontamination on the probability of seizures. Simulations from the model showed that the probability of seizure increased with dose. Single dose activated charcoal and combination of single dose activated charcoal and whole bowel irrigation decreased the probability of seizure. The decrease in probability of seizure was greater with the combination when compared with single dose activated charcoal alone. A modified Gompertz model was used to define the time to first seizure using Bayesian methodology in WinBUGS 1.4.3. Simulations from the model showed that the time to 90% of first seizure was not affected by dose or decontamination procedures. The results also showed that the pharmacokinetics of venlafaxine drives the pharmacodynamics. A pharmacokinetic study of paracetamol in overdose was prospectively designed to optimally discriminate between two candidate models (Chapter 6). In this study a robust T-optimal design was developed to distinguish between two candidate models, a… Advisors/Committee Members: Duffull, Stephen (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Pharmacometrics; Clinical toxicology; Bayesian analysis

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Vajjah, V. P. K. (2011). Application of pharmacometric methods to clinical toxicology studies . (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Otago. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10523/554

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Vajjah, Venkata Pavan Kumar. “Application of pharmacometric methods to clinical toxicology studies .” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Otago. Accessed May 24, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10523/554.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Vajjah, Venkata Pavan Kumar. “Application of pharmacometric methods to clinical toxicology studies .” 2011. Web. 24 May 2020.

Vancouver:

Vajjah VPK. Application of pharmacometric methods to clinical toxicology studies . [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Otago; 2011. [cited 2020 May 24]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/554.

Council of Science Editors:

Vajjah VPK. Application of pharmacometric methods to clinical toxicology studies . [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Otago; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/554

University of Otago

23. Alla, Sridhar. Development and validation of the Otago postconcussion return to play symptom based exercise assessment tool .

Degree: 2011, University of Otago

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/556

► Background: The safe return to play (RTP) following a sport concussion is a challenge to sports medicine practitioners. Recent international consensus has established a progressive… (more)

▼ Background: The safe return to play (RTP) following a sport concussion is a challenge to sports medicine practitioners. Recent international consensus has established a progressive stepwise RTP rehabilitation protocol as part of the comprehensive Sports Concussion Assessment Tool (SCAT/SCAT2). However the exercise parameters have not been specified in detail nor has the protocol been subjected to scientific scrutiny. The main purpose of this thesis was to investigate elements of the SCAT2 RTP rehabilitation protocol by developing and validating a controlled exercise assessment tool incorporating a cognitive component. Central to this thesis was the measurement of symptoms resulting from a concussion and their provocation with exercise. This thesis conducted four individual projects resulting in the development of a clinically validated assessment tool. Methods and results: Study 1 employed a systematic review methodology to review the self-reported symptom scales/checklists used in the acute sports concussion environment and to report their psychometric properties. This review identified six core symptom scales/checklists with their 14 derivatives. The scales/checklists had a broad range of symptom items with limited information on their psychometric properties. The postconcussion symptom scale included in the SCAT/SCAT2 was chosen as the primary outcome measure for this thesis. Study 2 was conducted with 60 non-concussed recreational athletes to explore the selfreported symptoms provoked by moderate and high intensity levels of exercise. The study concluded that high intensity exercise can significantly (p < 0.001) increase the summed symptom scores immediately after exercise and the effect persisted even after 15-minutes of rest (p < 0.001). However moderate intensity exercise did not significantly (p > 0.05) elevate the symptom scores. Study 3 included 30 non-concussed athletes to develop and standardize an exercise tool incorporating both physiological (e.g. exercise) and cognitive loads (e.g. simple reaction time) and resulted in the development of the Otago postconcussion RTP symptom based exercise assessment tool (Otago PC-RTP tool). The exercise tool was sub-maximal with three stages (based on heart rate zones) of 5 minute progressions, during the last 2 minutes of which the cognitive load task was introduced. Study 4 investigated the validity of the Otago PC-RTP tool with 15 concussed (asymptomatic at rest) and 30 non-concussed athletes. A significant difference in summed symptom scores was observed between control and concussed groups immediately following (p < 0.001) and 15-minutes after (p < 0.001) conclusion of the exercise. A standard test termination criterion was followed. The concussed participants were invited for a second visit (mean interval of 2.3 days) if they had demonstrated an increase in symptom scores (n = 12) or stopped (n = 3) the exercise tool. The symptom scores were significantly elevated immediately following exercise (p <0.001) at second visit (n = 10) and were significantly… Advisors/Committee Members: Sullivan, John (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Sports concussion; Postconcussion symptoms; Return to play exercise protocol

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Alla, S. (2011). Development and validation of the Otago postconcussion return to play symptom based exercise assessment tool . (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Otago. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10523/556

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Alla, Sridhar. “Development and validation of the Otago postconcussion return to play symptom based exercise assessment tool .” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Otago. Accessed May 24, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10523/556.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Alla, Sridhar. “Development and validation of the Otago postconcussion return to play symptom based exercise assessment tool .” 2011. Web. 24 May 2020.

Vancouver:

Alla S. Development and validation of the Otago postconcussion return to play symptom based exercise assessment tool . [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Otago; 2011. [cited 2020 May 24]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/556.

Council of Science Editors:

Alla S. Development and validation of the Otago postconcussion return to play symptom based exercise assessment tool . [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Otago; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/556

University of Otago

24. Roberts, Helen Mary. Executive Compensation in NZ 1997 - 2002 .

Degree: 2011, University of Otago

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/596

► This study investigates the relationship between CEO pay and firm performance, the asymmetric nature of pay-performance sensitivity, and the effect of CEO participation on the… (more)

▼ This study investigates the relationship between CEO pay and firm performance, the asymmetric nature of pay-performance sensitivity, and the effect of CEO participation on the pay-setting process, for publicly-listed New Zealand firms during 1997 to 2002. The research is conducted using a unique hand-collected panel data set containing information about executive compensation, firm performance, ownership, firm governance and CEO participation in the pay-setting process. The sample covers the six-year period following the introduction of manadatory disclosure requirements that were imposed on executive and director compensation in 1997. An initial descriptive analysis of the data reveals a large pay difference between worker and CEO pay. In addition, pay-performance indexes for the highest and lowest paid CEOs document differences between the change in CEO pay relative to real shareholder returns. An examination of the sensitivity between growth in CEO pay, and contemporaneous and lagged firm performance using a firm fixed-effects model, shows that not only is pay significantly related to firm size and performance but also board size, compensation risk and director share ownership. Models of the relationship between growth in CEO compensation and firm performance indicate the pay-performance sensitivity generated by cash and the change in the value of stock option holdings is reported to be three-times the magnitude of the sensitivity due to salary and bonus payments alone. In addition, growth in CEO compensation is asymmetrically related to changes in firm performance. CEO cash compensation is positively related to increases in firm value only. Total compensation is related to contemporaneous returns and positive lagged returns. Change in CEO wealth is positively related to contemporaneous returns but is more sensitive to losses. However, change in wealth also increases when lagged returns are positive and negative, implying that CEOs are able to extract pay in excess of that which is optimal under the contracting view of executive compensation. Furthermore, firms in which CEOs demonstrate a low level of participation in the pay-setting process earn higher levels of pay, whch also grows at significantly greater rates than their high-participation counterparts. In particular, growth in low-participation wealth is more sensitive to positive and negative contemporaneous returns as well as being negatively related to negative lagged excess returns. This finding is opposite to theoretical predictions and can be explained by the tightly held nature of the high-participation firms which typically have fewer directors, are exposed to higher return volatility and have greater director and CEO beneficial share ownership. Consistent with the trickle-down effect, there is a positive relationship between growth in the non-performance related cash compensation awarded to CEOs and the growth in pay earned by their exectuive directors and employees. In addition, growth in non-CEO executive pay is not related to firm… Advisors/Committee Members: Boyle, Glenn (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Executive Compensation

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APA (6^th Edition):

Roberts, H. M. (2011). Executive Compensation in NZ 1997 - 2002 . (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Otago. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10523/596

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Roberts, Helen Mary. “Executive Compensation in NZ 1997 - 2002 .” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Otago. Accessed May 24, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10523/596.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Roberts, Helen Mary. “Executive Compensation in NZ 1997 - 2002 .” 2011. Web. 24 May 2020.

Vancouver:

Roberts HM. Executive Compensation in NZ 1997 - 2002 . [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Otago; 2011. [cited 2020 May 24]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/596.

Council of Science Editors:

Roberts HM. Executive Compensation in NZ 1997 - 2002 . [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Otago; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/596

University of Otago

25. Scarf, Damian Kieron. Representation of serial order in pigeons (Columbia livia) .

Degree: 2011, University of Otago

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/597

► When monkeys learn a list of arbitrary items they acquire a representation of those items in sequence (e.g., A > B > C > D… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: representation; serial order

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APA (6^th Edition):

Scarf, D. K. (2011). Representation of serial order in pigeons (Columbia livia) . (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Otago. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10523/597

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Scarf, Damian Kieron. “Representation of serial order in pigeons (Columbia livia) .” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Otago. Accessed May 24, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10523/597.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Scarf, Damian Kieron. “Representation of serial order in pigeons (Columbia livia) .” 2011. Web. 24 May 2020.

Vancouver:

Scarf DK. Representation of serial order in pigeons (Columbia livia) . [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Otago; 2011. [cited 2020 May 24]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/597.

Council of Science Editors:

Scarf DK. Representation of serial order in pigeons (Columbia livia) . [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Otago; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/597

University of Otago

26. Camara, Amadou. The role of shrubs and rabbit herbivory in the ecological restoration of the drylands of south-central New Zealand .

Degree: 2011, University of Otago

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/605

► The net outcome of the interaction between woody and herbaceous plant species can be positive or negative depending on plant species and environmental conditions. Positive… (more)

▼ The net outcome of the interaction between woody and herbaceous plant species can be positive or negative depending on plant species and environmental conditions. Positive interactions (facilitation) are postulated to be more prevalent and negative interactions (competition) less prevalent, under high environmental severity. Positive interactions have been attributed to the so-called ‘fertile islands’ and ‘nurse plant’ effects. The ‘fertile islands’ and the ‘nurse plant’ effects are suggested mechanisms for plant interactions in arid and semi-arid environments worldwide. Some indigenous plants in dryland New Zealand are postulated to have grown under a woody canopy and may benefit from the restoration of the woody habitat. However, restoration of indigenous plants may be impeded by mammalian herbivory. In this study, the ‘fertile islands’ and the ‘nurse plant’ effects and their possible role in the ecological restoration of a predominantly indigenous dryland mixed woody and herbaceous vegetation, were investigated, in the presence and absence of rabbit herbivory, in the dry sub-humid Central Otago by field experiments and by glasshouse ecophysiological experiments. The fertile islands effect was investigated by comparing soil properties under four shrub species to those of the adjacent grassland. Soils under Kunzea ericoides and Coprosma propinqua were more fertile compared to those of the grassland. Soils under two other species Discaria toumatou and Rosa rubiginosa were not significantly different in fertility from soils in the grassland. The nurse plant effect was tested in the field by comparing the height growth and survival of five planted herbaceous plant species as well as the natural recruitment of herbaceous species under a shrub canopy to those of the adjacent grassland, with or without grazing. In general there was no significant difference in height growth or survival between plants under a shrub canopy and those in the grassland. Grazing had a negative effect on the height growth and survival of herbaceous plant species. Herbaceous plant species richness under a canopy differed with shrub species and season of measurement. Effects of a shrub canopy on herbaceous plant species richness ranged from mainly positive (Rosa rubiginosa) to mainly positive but inconsistent (Coprosma propinqua and Discaria toumatou) and mainly negative but scale-dependent (Kunzea ericoides). However, herbaceous plant species composition was not significantly different between areas under a shrub canopy and the adjacent grassland. The nurse plant effect was also examined experimentally in the glasshouse by comparing the response of the same five herbaceous plant species to light and defoliation. All five herbaceous plant species showed some degree of shade tolerance with higher concentrations of leaf total chlorophyll under shade than in full light. Acaena buchananii, Luzula ulophylla and Carex breviculmis showed lower range of shade tolerance than Anthoxanthum odoratum and Acaena agnipila. Acaena buchananii and Carex… Advisors/Committee Members: Wilson, John Bastow (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Herbivory; drylands; ecological restoration; fertile islands; nurse plant

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APA (6^th Edition):

Camara, A. (2011). The role of shrubs and rabbit herbivory in the ecological restoration of the drylands of south-central New Zealand . (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Otago. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10523/605

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Camara, Amadou. “The role of shrubs and rabbit herbivory in the ecological restoration of the drylands of south-central New Zealand .” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Otago. Accessed May 24, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10523/605.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Camara, Amadou. “The role of shrubs and rabbit herbivory in the ecological restoration of the drylands of south-central New Zealand .” 2011. Web. 24 May 2020.

Vancouver:

Camara A. The role of shrubs and rabbit herbivory in the ecological restoration of the drylands of south-central New Zealand . [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Otago; 2011. [cited 2020 May 24]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/605.

Council of Science Editors:

Camara A. The role of shrubs and rabbit herbivory in the ecological restoration of the drylands of south-central New Zealand . [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Otago; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/605

University of Otago

27. Mallard, Beth. The role of Toll-like receptor 4 in Concanavalin A-induced immune-mediated hepatitis .

Degree: 2011, University of Otago

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/606

► Background: Con A administration leads to T cell-mediated hepatitis in mice, the mechanism of which involves the cytokines interferon (IFN)-γ and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α.… (more)

▼ Background: Con A administration leads to T cell-mediated hepatitis in mice, the mechanism of which involves the cytokines interferon (IFN)-γ and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Other nonparenchymal liver cells (NPLC) are also believed to be involved in Con A-induced hepatitis. Both T cells and the NPLC express TLR4. Although lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/TLR4 signalling pathway is involved in several forms of liver injury, its role in T cell-mediated hepatitis has not been elucidated. In the current study the impact of removing the LPS/TLR4 signalling pathway in Con A-induced liver injury was investigated. Methods: The ability of Con A to elicit liver injury was examined in three groups of mice. Group 1: C3H/HeN mice (functional TLR4) and C3H/HeJ mice (defective TLR4); group 2: mice with no TLR4 (TLR4-/- mice) and their wild-type counterparts (C57BL/6); and group 3: C57BL/6 mice with TLR4 blocked with antibody. All groups of mice were injected with Con A. Plasma ALT was measured to assess liver injury. Proinflammatory cytokine levels were measured using Bioplex suspension array. TLR4 expression on T cells and Kupffer cells from C57BL/6 mice was examined using FACS analysis. The requirement for gut-derived LPS was investigated by pre-treatment of C57BL/6 mice with antibiotics prior to Con A administration and assessing liver injury. The effect of Con A on gut permeability was assessed by oral administration of FITC and measurement of FITC in the systemic circulation. The effect of Con A on the microcirculation of C57BL/6 mice was measured by Laser Doppler Flowmetry (LDF) and by intravital fluorescence microscopy (IVFM). Results: Wild-type mice developed severe injury following Con A administration, indicated by elevated plasma ALT and confirmed by histology. However, no ALT increase was seen in mice lacking a functional LPS/TLR4 pathway. Wild-type mice pre-treated with antibiotics to eliminate gut-derived LPS did not display increased ALT or histological signs of liver injury in response to Con A administration. Plasma proinflammatory cytokines, TNF-α and IFN-γ, were significantly elevated rapidly following Con A administration in wild-type mice (C3H/HeN and C57BL/6) but not in mice without a functional TLR4 pathway. FACS analysis showed an increase in Kupffer cells expressing TLR4 (F4/80+, TLR4+ cells) and an increase in T cells expressing TLR4 (CD3+, TLR4+ cells) following Con A administration. Con A administration was followed by an increase in gut permeability. Con A administration also induced a fall in lobular perfusion and red blood cell velocity, which was partially attenuated by antibody blockade of TLR4. Furthermore, Con A administration induced an increase in leukocyte recruitment, which was partially attenuated by antibody blockade of TLR4. Discussion: Our results show that Con A causes liver injury and cytokine production in mice with functional TLR4. In the absence of a functional TLR4 pathway, cytokine production is attenuated and injury prevented. This thesis has demonstrated that Con A-induced… Advisors/Committee Members: Wheatley, Antony M (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: TLR4; hepatitis; Con A

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APA (6^th Edition):

Mallard, B. (2011). The role of Toll-like receptor 4 in Concanavalin A-induced immune-mediated hepatitis . (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Otago. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10523/606

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Mallard, Beth. “The role of Toll-like receptor 4 in Concanavalin A-induced immune-mediated hepatitis .” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Otago. Accessed May 24, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10523/606.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Mallard, Beth. “The role of Toll-like receptor 4 in Concanavalin A-induced immune-mediated hepatitis .” 2011. Web. 24 May 2020.

Vancouver:

Mallard B. The role of Toll-like receptor 4 in Concanavalin A-induced immune-mediated hepatitis . [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Otago; 2011. [cited 2020 May 24]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/606.

Council of Science Editors:

Mallard B. The role of Toll-like receptor 4 in Concanavalin A-induced immune-mediated hepatitis . [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Otago; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/606

University of Otago

28. Brownstein, Gretchen Emily. Mechanisms for guild-based assembly rules in a lawn community .

Degree: 2011, University of Otago

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/607

► Assembly rules for plant communities have been widely investigated and debated. Convincingly demonstrating whether or not there are restrictions on species co-existence has proven difficult.… (more)

▼ Assembly rules for plant communities have been widely investigated and debated. Convincingly demonstrating whether or not there are restrictions on species co-existence has proven difficult. The Botany Lawn at the University of Otago is a special case as here there is strong evidence that such rules are working. The least subjective of these assembly rules found in the Botany Lawn is based on guild proportionality between two intrinsic guilds. How this rule is operating—its mechanism—is unknown. Here I look for a mechanism, or mechanisms, for intrinsic guild based assembly rules already found in the Botany Lawn using deductive and inductive methods to investigate the species’ functional niche and how these differences potentially relate to interactions between the intrinsic guilds. Mowing is a major environmental component which directly affects species through defoliation and indirectly through changes in light. Both these were examined here. Responses to defoliation were investigated in two time-course experiments. Changes in carbon:nitrogen ratio, stored carbohydrates, and above and below ground growth rates during recovery following clipping, were all measured. Responses to light, specifically low PAR and low red:far-red ratio light, were also investigated. Leaf placement ability and sensitivity to light quality and quantity were assessed using novel photogrammetry techniques to record leaf movement. Conventional morphological measures including petiole lengths, leaf area, chlorophyll a/b ratio and biomass were also used to assess longer term, growth responses. These responses were correlated with how a species itself modifies the light environment. The intrinsic guilds differed significantly in only three characters: root growth rate, leaf sugar levels and light foraging and tended to differ in how they modified the light environment. A mechanism is proposed incorporating leaf placement and the light environment within the canopy, defoliation tolerance and competitive ability. As a comparison, the two a priori guild classifications, ‘Taxonomic’ and ‘Stratum’, are also tested for differences in functional niche. The concluding chapter discusses possible connections between the three guild classifications. Advisors/Committee Members: Wilson, J. Bastow (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: assembly rules; guilds; functional traits

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APA (6^th Edition):

Brownstein, G. E. (2011). Mechanisms for guild-based assembly rules in a lawn community . (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Otago. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10523/607

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Brownstein, Gretchen Emily. “Mechanisms for guild-based assembly rules in a lawn community .” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Otago. Accessed May 24, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10523/607.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Brownstein, Gretchen Emily. “Mechanisms for guild-based assembly rules in a lawn community .” 2011. Web. 24 May 2020.

Vancouver:

Brownstein GE. Mechanisms for guild-based assembly rules in a lawn community . [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Otago; 2011. [cited 2020 May 24]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/607.

Council of Science Editors:

Brownstein GE. Mechanisms for guild-based assembly rules in a lawn community . [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Otago; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/607

University of Otago

29. Sparks, Natasha. The detailed anatomy of the hip abductor muscles and their role in lateral hip pain .

Degree: 2011, University of Otago

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/614

► Lateral hip pain (LHP) is a non-specific, clinical condition, characterised by pain and tenderness over the greater trochanter (GT) of the femur. Primarily, females between… (more)

▼ Lateral hip pain (LHP) is a non-specific, clinical condition, characterised by pain and tenderness over the greater trochanter (GT) of the femur. Primarily, females between the ages of 40 and 70 years are affected, but differential diagnosis of the pathology causing symptoms is difficult. In the past, trochanteric bursitis has been thought to be the primary cause of pain, but recently pathology and atrophy of the hip abductor muscles, gluteus medius (GMed) and gluteus minimus (GMin), has been observed in these individuals. Little information is available on the anatomy of the hip abductor muscles, despite inference of their roles in specific movements of the hip joint and their association with LHP. A lack of comprehensive understanding of the normal anatomy of these muscles may explain the problems with accurately diagnosing pathologies implicated in LHP. With regards to treatment of lower limb dysfunction, the posterior part of GMed is often targeted, but there is little anatomical evidence to support the compartmentalisation of this muscle, and hence the effectiveness of these interventions. To further inform clinical practice it is necessary that the detailed morphology of the hip abductor muscles be described. The main purposes of this thesis are (1) to determine the detailed morphology of GMed, GMin and tensor fascia lata (TFL), including fibre type composition and volumes of these muscles in cadavers; (2) compare these data with that obtained from living individuals, and (3) investigate the differences in muscle volume, atrophy and radiological diagnoses of pathologies in the hips of patients with LHP compared to age and sex-matched controls. In the dissection component of this study, the three hip abductor muscles were examined in 12 cadaveric specimens. Details pertaining to attachment sites, fascicle orientation, fascicle and muscle architecture and volumes, tendon dimensions and innervation patterns were collected. Based upon these data, compartmentalisation of the muscles was determined. This study revealed that the anatomy of the hip abductor muscles is more complex than portrayed in the literature. It was found that GMed could be anatomically compartmentalised into either three or four distinct parts, but GMin and TFL were deemed homogenous structures. Also, the boundary between the musculotendinous junction (MTJ) and the free tendon within the tendinous complex of GMed was defined; at the level of the apex of the greater trochanter (GT). Such information is significant when considering the diagnoses and treatment of LHP. The second part to this thesis utilised the contralateral limb from six of the cadaveric specimens used for dissection, in order to determine the fibre type composition of GMed, GMin and TFL, using immunohistochemistry. It was found that GMed was comprised of approximately even amounts of type I and type II muscle fibres. GMin had the lowest percentage of type II muscle fibres, while TFL had the greatest percentage of type II fibres. These preliminary results support the proposed… Advisors/Committee Members: Nicholson, Helen (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: hip abductor; lateral hip pain; anatomy

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Sparks, N. (2011). The detailed anatomy of the hip abductor muscles and their role in lateral hip pain . (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Otago. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10523/614

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Sparks, Natasha. “The detailed anatomy of the hip abductor muscles and their role in lateral hip pain .” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Otago. Accessed May 24, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10523/614.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Sparks, Natasha. “The detailed anatomy of the hip abductor muscles and their role in lateral hip pain .” 2011. Web. 24 May 2020.

Vancouver:

Sparks N. The detailed anatomy of the hip abductor muscles and their role in lateral hip pain . [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Otago; 2011. [cited 2020 May 24]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/614.

Council of Science Editors:

Sparks N. The detailed anatomy of the hip abductor muscles and their role in lateral hip pain . [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Otago; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/614

University of Otago

30. Airoldi, Giulia Maria. Magma injection dynamics in the shallow Ferrar LIP (South Victoria Land, Antarctica) .

Degree: 2011, University of Otago

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/616

► Solidified remnants of major magma pathways, and localized clusters of smaller intrusive sheets, are exposed in the mountains of South Victoria Land, Antarctica. Together the… (more)

▼ Solidified remnants of major magma pathways, and localized clusters of smaller intrusive sheets, are exposed in the mountains of South Victoria Land, Antarctica. Together the intrusions represent the shallowest 2 km of the plumbing system for the Early Jurassic Ferrar Large Igneous Province. Three sites were investigated: Allan Hills exposes the shallowest portion (<1 km) of the Ferrar plumbing system, whereas Terra Cotta Mountain and Solitary Rocks represent a paleodepth of ≥2 km. Ferrar Dolerite sills were emplaced into a highly stratified and vertically anisotropic sedimentary sequence. They evolved as interconnections of shallowly dipping Ferrar Dolerite sheets and sills, or ‘transgressive intrusions’. These intrusions represent the preferred mode of propagation of magma in the Ferrar LIP and are observed even at shallow depths. The largest sills, such as the Basement Sill exposed at Solitary Rocks, represent major magma pathways that were continuously injected during the Ferrar magmatism, and which transported magma for long distances through rock now exposed in the Transantarctic Mountains. At Terra Cotta Mountain, and several other locations in South Victoria Land, clusters of igneous sheets formed thanks to high localized tensile and shear stresses between intrusions propagated along adjacent stratigraphic levels (bedding planes). Within 1 km of the surface (Allan Hills), sills propagated very close to, or even intersected, the surface. The injection of magma into fractures formed in a roof of country rock, which was buoyed up above such shallow-seated sills, resulted in clusters of segmented intrusions, with both irregular and transgressive geometries, and complex mutual relationships. There are no significant petrological differences among intrusions exposed in these different parts of the Ferrar system. Magma flow paths inferred from rock magnetic fabrics indicate a strong connection between magmatic flow directions and complex intrusion geometries, and the general heterogeneity of both is inferred to indicate that magma created its own set of fractures both across the Beacon sedimentary rocks. The model developed for the Ferrar plumbing system on the basis of the above observations and inferences is, at least between 0 and 2 km depth below the Jurassic paleosurface, propagation of sills and connecting sheets of the Jurassic Ferrar LIP was essentially selfdriven, with little or no control from significant stresses acting on the lengthscale of the sill network. The principal structural controls on magma emplacement were provided by structural anisotropies within the Beacon sedimentary sequence. Finally, during evolution of the province the lowest sill intrusions became thickened at depth as the result of repeated injections of magma; this phenomenon favoured the lateral propagation of magma for long distances across the Ferrar LIP. Advisors/Committee Members: White, James D. L (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Antarctica; Ferrar Large Igneous Province; Rock magnetism

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APA (6^th Edition):

Airoldi, G. M. (2011). Magma injection dynamics in the shallow Ferrar LIP (South Victoria Land, Antarctica) . (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Otago. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10523/616

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Airoldi, Giulia Maria. “Magma injection dynamics in the shallow Ferrar LIP (South Victoria Land, Antarctica) .” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Otago. Accessed May 24, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10523/616.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Airoldi, Giulia Maria. “Magma injection dynamics in the shallow Ferrar LIP (South Victoria Land, Antarctica) .” 2011. Web. 24 May 2020.

Vancouver:

Airoldi GM. Magma injection dynamics in the shallow Ferrar LIP (South Victoria Land, Antarctica) . [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Otago; 2011. [cited 2020 May 24]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/616.

Council of Science Editors:

Airoldi GM. Magma injection dynamics in the shallow Ferrar LIP (South Victoria Land, Antarctica) . [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Otago; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/616

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