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1.
Muller, Kristen Mary.
Impacts of Land-Use on Leaf Breakdown and Macroinvertebrate Assemblages in Southern Appalachian Streams.
Degree: MS, Biological Sciences, 2015, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/71774 
► Land-use practices have long been associated with alterations in stream ecosystem structure and function, however, 'exurbanization' and its impact on streams is poorly understood. This…
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▼ Land-use practices have long been associated with alterations in stream ecosystem structure and function, however, 'exurbanization' and its impact on streams is poorly understood. This study compares the ecosystem structure and function of 9 southern Appalachian streams of differing land-use (forested, exurban, agricultural).
Impacts of land-use on leaf breakdown are examined in Chapter 1. Leaf breakdown rates were significantly related to land-use. Forested streams exhibited the slowest breakdown rates, followed by exurban streams, with agricultural streams having the fastest rates. Leaf breakdown was most strongly related to discharge (white oak) and some fine sediment metrics (red maple). Our results suggest that the altered hydrological regimes in agricultural streams, as well as the influx of fine sediments into streams from exurban development, can play a role in altering in-stream organic matter processing. The taxa and number of shredders present may play a role to a lesser extent.
Impacts of land-use on macroinvertebrate assemblages are examined in Chapter 2. Shannon diversity, %EPT, and NCBI were significantly related to land-use regime. There were significant negative relationships between macroinvertebrate diversity and conductivity and temperature. In addition, biotic integrity had a significant negative relationship with conductivity. Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) showed that agricultural streams were characterized by temperature and flow, forested streams by MPS and standing stock course particulate organic matter (SSCPOM), and two of three exurban streams by conductivity and temperature. Principal Coordinates Analysis (PCoA) revealed that while macroinvertebrate communities overlapped, some differences in community assemblage could be seen between land-use types.
Advisors/Committee Members: Benfield, Ernest F. (committeechair), Voshell, J. Reese Jr. (committee member), Webster, Jackson R. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Stream; Leaf breakdown; Macroinvertebrate; Land-use; Agriculture; Exurbanization
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APA (6th Edition):
Muller, K. M. (2015). Impacts of Land-Use on Leaf Breakdown and Macroinvertebrate Assemblages in Southern Appalachian Streams. (Masters Thesis). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/71774
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Muller, Kristen Mary. “Impacts of Land-Use on Leaf Breakdown and Macroinvertebrate Assemblages in Southern Appalachian Streams.” 2015. Masters Thesis, Virginia Tech. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/71774.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Muller, Kristen Mary. “Impacts of Land-Use on Leaf Breakdown and Macroinvertebrate Assemblages in Southern Appalachian Streams.” 2015. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Muller KM. Impacts of Land-Use on Leaf Breakdown and Macroinvertebrate Assemblages in Southern Appalachian Streams. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/71774.
Council of Science Editors:
Muller KM. Impacts of Land-Use on Leaf Breakdown and Macroinvertebrate Assemblages in Southern Appalachian Streams. [Masters Thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/71774
Virginia Tech
2.
Amos, Katlyn L.
Investigating Historical and Contemporary Land Cover Effects on Macroinvertebrate Communities and Water Quality of Virginia Piedmont Streams.
Degree: MS, Biological Sciences, 2014, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/50513
► I investigated the relationships between historical and contemporary land cover and macroinvertebrate communities, water quality, and nutrient levels in 10 streams in a historically agricultural…
(more)
▼ I investigated the relationships between historical and contemporary land cover and macroinvertebrate communities, water quality, and nutrient levels in 10 streams in a historically agricultural region of the
Virginia Piedmont. Historical (1963) and contemporary (2011) impervious surface, open area, and forested cover were evaluated using aerial photos and GIS data. Macroinvertebrates were collected in the fall of 2012 and spring of 2013. Water quality parameters (temperature, conductivity, alkalinity, hardness, and DO) and nutrient concentrations (NH3+NH4, PO4-P, NO3-N, Cl, and SO4) were measured at each site. Overall, forest cover decreased by 6.29%, open area decreased by 1.46%, and impervious surface increased by 4.83% from 1963 to 2011. Macroinvertebrate communities were explored using Principal Coordinates Analysis and were found to be significantly related to 2011 percent impervious surface. Water quality parameters were not significantly related to contemporary or historical land cover. Nitrate was negatively related with 2011 forest cover and positively related with 2011 open area; chloride was positively related with 2011 impervious surface and negatively related with 2011 open area. For the 10 watersheds included in this study, contemporary land cover is a better predictor of macroinvertebrate assemblages and nutrient concentrations than historical land cover.
Advisors/Committee Members: Benfield, Ernest F. (committeechair), Brown, Bryan L. (committee member), Voshell, J. Reese Jr. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: land cover; benthic macroinvertebrates; Piedmont; GIS
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APA (6th Edition):
Amos, K. L. (2014). Investigating Historical and Contemporary Land Cover Effects on Macroinvertebrate Communities and Water Quality of Virginia Piedmont Streams. (Masters Thesis). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/50513
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Amos, Katlyn L. “Investigating Historical and Contemporary Land Cover Effects on Macroinvertebrate Communities and Water Quality of Virginia Piedmont Streams.” 2014. Masters Thesis, Virginia Tech. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/50513.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Amos, Katlyn L. “Investigating Historical and Contemporary Land Cover Effects on Macroinvertebrate Communities and Water Quality of Virginia Piedmont Streams.” 2014. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Amos KL. Investigating Historical and Contemporary Land Cover Effects on Macroinvertebrate Communities and Water Quality of Virginia Piedmont Streams. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/50513.
Council of Science Editors:
Amos KL. Investigating Historical and Contemporary Land Cover Effects on Macroinvertebrate Communities and Water Quality of Virginia Piedmont Streams. [Masters Thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/50513
3.
Chandler, Houston Cawthorn.
The Effects of Climate Change and Long-term Fire Suppression on Ephemeral Pond Communities in the Southeastern United States.
Degree: MS, Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences, 2015, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/51190
► In the southeastern United States, ephemeral wetlands in pine flatwoods provide important habitat for amphibians and aquatic invertebrates, but extensive deforestation has destroyed or isolated…
(more)
▼ In the southeastern United States, ephemeral wetlands in pine flatwoods provide important habitat for amphibians and aquatic invertebrates, but extensive deforestation has destroyed or isolated many wetlands and fire suppression has altered vegetation in others. My goals were to identify how wetland hydroperiods have changed through time and to examine the effects of long-term fire suppression on aquatic communities, including Reticulated Flatwoods Salamanders (Ambystoma bishopi) and Ornate Chorus Frogs (Pseudacris ornata). Chapter 1 used a modeling approach to relate wetland hydroperiods to current climate conditions and to hindcast historic conditions. Over the past 118 years, hydroperiods were often unfavorable for A. bishopi reproduction, and in recent years hydroperiods were shortened by persistent drought. Chapters 2 and 3 focused on identifying the effects of shifting from an open, grass dominated wetland to a wetland with high canopy cover and little herbaceous vegetation. In Chapter 2, I quantified amphibian and invertebrate communities in several wetlands. A. bishopi and P. ornata tended to occupy wetlands with lower canopy cover and higher herbaceous vegetation cover. Aquatic invertebrate abundance was generally higher in wetlands with lower shrub density and lower canopy cover. In Chapter 3, I examined how a reduction in herbaceous vegetation affected tadpoles when a predatory crayfish was present using two experiments. Crayfish were effective predators of both species across all vegetation treatments and often caused nonlethal tail injury. My results suggest that managers should focus on ensuring that wetland basins regularly burn, and wetlands with longer hydroperiods should be a management priority.
Advisors/Committee Members: Haas, Carola A. (committeechair), Gorman, Thomas A. (committee member), Karpanty, Sarah M. (committee member), Voshell, J. Reese Jr. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: amphibians; ephemeral wetlands; fire; flatwoods salamander; pine flatwoods; aquatic invertebrates
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APA (6th Edition):
Chandler, H. C. (2015). The Effects of Climate Change and Long-term Fire Suppression on Ephemeral Pond Communities in the Southeastern United States. (Masters Thesis). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/51190
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Chandler, Houston Cawthorn. “The Effects of Climate Change and Long-term Fire Suppression on Ephemeral Pond Communities in the Southeastern United States.” 2015. Masters Thesis, Virginia Tech. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/51190.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Chandler, Houston Cawthorn. “The Effects of Climate Change and Long-term Fire Suppression on Ephemeral Pond Communities in the Southeastern United States.” 2015. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Chandler HC. The Effects of Climate Change and Long-term Fire Suppression on Ephemeral Pond Communities in the Southeastern United States. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/51190.
Council of Science Editors:
Chandler HC. The Effects of Climate Change and Long-term Fire Suppression on Ephemeral Pond Communities in the Southeastern United States. [Masters Thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/51190
Virginia Tech
4.
Echols, Brandi Shontia.
Use of an environmentally realistic laboratory test organism and field bioassessments to determine the potential impacts of active coal mining in the Dumps Creek subwatershed on the Clinch River, Virginia.
Degree: PhD, Biology, 2011, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77326
► This research was divided into four objectives for assessing the impacts of coal mining on ecosystem health. The first objective was to provide an ecotoxicological…
(more)
▼ This research was divided into four objectives for assessing the impacts of coal mining on ecosystem health. The first objective was to provide an ecotoxicological assessment in the upper Clinch River using standard bioassessment techniques. Analysis of sediments and interstitial water (porewater) indicate higher concentrations of trace metals in samples from sites located above both a power plant (CRP) and Dumps Creek mining influences. The furthest sampling site located near Pounding Mill,
Virginia (CR-PM) had higher concentrations of aluminum (2,250.9 mg/kg), copper (5.9 mg/kg) and iron (12,322.6 mg/kg) compared to samples collected directly below the Dumps Creek confluence (site CR-2). Similar results were obtained from bioaccumulation in-situ tests with the Asian clam (Corbicula fluminea) in 2009. Aluminum (7.81 mg/kg), Fe (48.25 mg/kg) and Zn (7.69 mg/kg) were accumulated in higher concentrations at CR-PM site than CR-2. However, the site located below the CRP effluent discharges (CR-3L) on the left bank had substantially higher concentrations of Al (14.19 mg/kg), Cu (6.78 mg/kg), Fe (88.78 mg/kg) and Zn (7.75 mg/kg) than both CR-PM and samples collected directly opposite of this site at CR-3R.
To further understand the potential impact active mining on the Clinch River, a more comprehensive ecotoxicological evaluation was conducting in the Dumps Creek subwatershed. Field bioassessments determined that biological impairment occurred directly below a deep mine discharge (CBP 001), which was characterized by a distinct hydrogen sulfide odor. Total abundance and richness of benthic macroinvertebrates decreased to 3.5-20 and 1.25-2.3, respectively at DC-1 Dn. The discharge also caused the proliferation of a sulfur-oxidizing bacterium, Thiothrix nivea. During continuous discharge of the effluent, the bacteria was observed coating all surfaces at DC-1 Dn and may also contribute to an Fe-encrusted biofilm observed on in-situ clams at downstream site, DC-2 Dn. Toxicity tests with mining effluents indicate some potential toxicity of the 001 discharge, but this was variable between test organisms.
Selecting the most appropriate test species for sediment and water column assays has been a primary goal for ecotoxicologists. Standard test organisms and established test guidelines exist, but US EPA recommended species may not be the most sensitive organisms to anthropogenic inputs. Therefore, Chapter Three and Four addressed the use of mayflies in routine laboratory testing. Preliminary results of toxicity tests with the mayfly, Isonychia sp. (Ephemeroptera) suggested that Isonychia were moderately sensitive to NaCl after 96-hr with an average LC50 value of 3.10 g NaCl/L. When exposed to a coal-mine processed effluent, Isonychia generated LC50 values that ranged from 13 to 39% effluent and were more sensitive to the effluent than Ceriodaphnia dubia. Based on results of the feasibility study in presented in Chapter Four, field collected organisms appear to be too unpredictable in test responses and therefore, such tests would…
Advisors/Committee Members: Cherry, Donald S. (committeechair), Currie, Rebecca J. (committee member), Zipper, Carl E. (committee member), Voshell, J. Reese Jr. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Clinch River; unionids; mayflies; toxicity tests; trace metals
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APA (6th Edition):
Echols, B. S. (2011). Use of an environmentally realistic laboratory test organism and field bioassessments to determine the potential impacts of active coal mining in the Dumps Creek subwatershed on the Clinch River, Virginia. (Doctoral Dissertation). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77326
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Echols, Brandi Shontia. “Use of an environmentally realistic laboratory test organism and field bioassessments to determine the potential impacts of active coal mining in the Dumps Creek subwatershed on the Clinch River, Virginia.” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, Virginia Tech. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77326.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Echols, Brandi Shontia. “Use of an environmentally realistic laboratory test organism and field bioassessments to determine the potential impacts of active coal mining in the Dumps Creek subwatershed on the Clinch River, Virginia.” 2011. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Echols BS. Use of an environmentally realistic laboratory test organism and field bioassessments to determine the potential impacts of active coal mining in the Dumps Creek subwatershed on the Clinch River, Virginia. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 2011. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77326.
Council of Science Editors:
Echols BS. Use of an environmentally realistic laboratory test organism and field bioassessments to determine the potential impacts of active coal mining in the Dumps Creek subwatershed on the Clinch River, Virginia. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77326
Virginia Tech
5.
Ciparis, Serena.
Evaluation of the relationships between watershed-scale land use and contaminants in aquatic environments and the use of freshwater snails as indicators of impairment.
Degree: PhD, Entomology, 2011, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37815
► The use of manure from animal feeding operations (AFOs) as fertilizer on agricultural land may introduce contaminants to aquatic environments that can negatively affect the…
(more)
▼ The use of manure from animal feeding operations (AFOs) as fertilizer on agricultural land may introduce contaminants to aquatic environments that can negatively affect the health of aquatic organisms. This study utilized a landscape-scale regression-based design to assess the effects of AFOs on contaminant concentrations and resident populations of a pleurocerid snail, Leptoxis carinata, in streams within the Shenandoah River watershed (
Virginia, USA). Individual characteristics of L. carinata were also evaluated to provide further understanding of observed population characteristics. In streambed sediment and mollusk tissue, concentrations of the trace element arsenic, used as an additive in poultry feed, were not directly related to watershed densities of AFOs. In-stream concentrations of dissolved nutrients and estrogenic compounds, measured as estrogenic activity, were directly related to watershed densities of AFOs. Population sex ratios of L. carinata varied across study sites, from balanced to female-biased, but were not related to concentrations of estrogenic compounds. However, the spatial variation in population sex ratios, coupled with little variation in site-specific sex ratios across seasons and generations, suggest an influence of site-specific environmental conditions. Individual-level studies of L. carinata revealed that there is an eight month lag between hatching and gametogenesis which could allow disruption of sexual differentiation by environmental contaminants, but further study of the effects of specific contaminants on sexual differentiation in this species is needed. Population densities of L. carinata were related to in-stream nutrient concentrations and landscape sources of nutrients, including AFOs, but none of these factors were directly related to the infection prevalence of digenetic trematodes in L. carinata populations. Although trematode infection rates in L. carinata populations do not appear to be viable indicators of the influence of eutrophic conditions on disease incidence in aquatic organisms, the identification of five types of trematodes in L. carinata populations highlights the utility of this snail species for further investigation of transmission dynamics of trematode parasites in lotic systems.
Advisors/Committee Members: Voshell, J. Reese Jr. (committeechair), Hopkins, William A. (committee member), Henley, William F. (committee member), Schreiber, Madeline E. (committee member), Blazer, Vicki S. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: agriculture; contaminants; snails; biomonitoring
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APA (6th Edition):
Ciparis, S. (2011). Evaluation of the relationships between watershed-scale land use and contaminants in aquatic environments and the use of freshwater snails as indicators of impairment. (Doctoral Dissertation). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37815
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Ciparis, Serena. “Evaluation of the relationships between watershed-scale land use and contaminants in aquatic environments and the use of freshwater snails as indicators of impairment.” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, Virginia Tech. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37815.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Ciparis, Serena. “Evaluation of the relationships between watershed-scale land use and contaminants in aquatic environments and the use of freshwater snails as indicators of impairment.” 2011. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Ciparis S. Evaluation of the relationships between watershed-scale land use and contaminants in aquatic environments and the use of freshwater snails as indicators of impairment. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 2011. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37815.
Council of Science Editors:
Ciparis S. Evaluation of the relationships between watershed-scale land use and contaminants in aquatic environments and the use of freshwater snails as indicators of impairment. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37815
Virginia Tech
6.
Jeremiah, Nicholas G.
Life History and Secondary Production of Goniobasis proxima (Prosobranchia: Pleuroceridae) from Four Appalachian Headwater Streams in Western North Carolina.
Degree: MS, Biology, 2007, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35689
► I investigated life history traits and secondary production of populations of Goniobasis proxima in four streams from July 2005 to June 2006. Measurements of canopy…
(more)
▼ I investigated life history traits and secondary production of populations of Goniobasis proxima in four streams from July 2005 to June 2006. Measurements of canopy cover, conductivity, alkalinity, temperature, and nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N), as well as snail size, density, and occupied substrate were taken monthly for each stream. Snail growth rates were determined in an aquarium for 10 size classes and secondary production was estimated as the summed product of size class growth rates and field biomass measurements. Size class production estimates tracked biomass with intermediate to larger sized snails dominating production, despite smaller snails growing faster. Production estimates across streams ranged from 1,400 mg m-2 yr-1 to 22,183 mg m-2 yr-1 with noticeable summer highs and winter lows. Annual turnover was slow (0.43-0.49) owing to slow growth and long development time. Snails preferred leaves/wood as a substrate to occupy over rock and sand and showed no appreciable grazing effect on the epilithon community.
Advisors/Committee Members: Benfield, Ernest F. (committeechair), Valett, H. Maurice (committee member), Voshell, J. Reese Jr. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: aquatic; grazing; population ecology; parasitism; substrate
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APA (6th Edition):
Jeremiah, N. G. (2007). Life History and Secondary Production of Goniobasis proxima (Prosobranchia: Pleuroceridae) from Four Appalachian Headwater Streams in Western North Carolina. (Masters Thesis). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35689
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Jeremiah, Nicholas G. “Life History and Secondary Production of Goniobasis proxima (Prosobranchia: Pleuroceridae) from Four Appalachian Headwater Streams in Western North Carolina.” 2007. Masters Thesis, Virginia Tech. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35689.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Jeremiah, Nicholas G. “Life History and Secondary Production of Goniobasis proxima (Prosobranchia: Pleuroceridae) from Four Appalachian Headwater Streams in Western North Carolina.” 2007. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Jeremiah NG. Life History and Secondary Production of Goniobasis proxima (Prosobranchia: Pleuroceridae) from Four Appalachian Headwater Streams in Western North Carolina. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2007. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35689.
Council of Science Editors:
Jeremiah NG. Life History and Secondary Production of Goniobasis proxima (Prosobranchia: Pleuroceridae) from Four Appalachian Headwater Streams in Western North Carolina. [Masters Thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2007. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35689
Virginia Tech
7.
Lovern, Sharla Benjamin.
Assessing the Nonpoint Source Pollutant Removal Efficiencies of a Two-Basin Stormwater Management System in an Urbanizing Watershed.
Degree: MS, Biological Systems Engineering, 2000, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33330
► Monitoring of a regional stormwater management facility, located on the Virginia Tech campus in Blacksburg VA, was conducted in order to assess its efficacy in…
(more)
▼ Monitoring of a regional stormwater management facility, located on the
Virginia Tech campus in Blacksburg VA, was conducted in order to assess its efficacy in reducing nonpoint source pollutant losses downstream. The facility design includes both an upper water quality (wet) pond and a lower 100-yr-event quantity (dry) pond. These on-stream ponds capture both baseflow and storm runoff from the southern portion of the
Virginia Tech campus and surrounding lands, and release the water back to the unnamed stream shortly above its conjunction with Stroubles Creek, a tributary of the New River. Monitoring sites for flow measurement, water quality sampling, and biotic assessments (habitat evaluation and rapid bioassessment of benthic macroinvertebrates) were located above and below each of the ponds.
Both grab samples and automated samples were collected at these stations. Between 1997 and 1999, water quality grab samples included 35 baseflow samples and 22 stormflow samples. The grab samples were analyzed for concentrations of total suspended solids (TSS), metals, bacteria, and nutrients as well as temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, total organic carbon (TOC), and chemical oxygen demand (COD). Automated flow-weighted sampling was initiated in February of 1999 and results are reported through the end of October 1999. Thirty-three storms in 1999 were monitored for flow and various water quality parameters (TSS, TOC, COD, and nutrients). Pollutant loads and pollutant removal estimates were calculated with regard to the wet pond, dry pond, and the combined facility. Two types of pollutant removal efficiencies were calculated: (1) the EMC efficiency, based on pollutant concentrations from individual storms; and (2) the SOL efficiency, based on pollutant loads, to estimate long-term performance over the study period. Benthic macroinvertebrate sampling and habitat assessment were performed in both 1997 and 1999. In addition, a preliminary investigation of pond characteristics was conducted, including measurements of water quality and composition, sediment deposition and composition, and residence time.
As a system, the stormwater management facility appears to have minimum impact on improving the downstream water quality. Pollutant concentrations and loads both appear to increase downstream of the facility as compared to upstream, during both storm event and baseflow periods. Monitoring results of the benthic assemblages showed evidence of moderate to high impairment at all sampling locations, and habitat assessments showed evidence of high sedimentation levels within the stream, even after installation of the stormwater management facility. Total suspended solids (TSS) concentration removal efficiency was 10% for the combined wet pond and dry pond system, much lower than the 80 to 90% TSS removal expected for properly functioning stormwater management facilities (Hartigan, 1989). There is some evidence of sedimentation within the ponds because of a slight reduction in sediment-bound…
Advisors/Committee Members: Mostaghimi, Saied (committeechair), Voshell, J. Reese Jr. (committee member), Kibler, David F. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Nonpoint Source Pollution; Stormwater; Best Management Practice; Urban Runoff; Retention; Wet Pond
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APA (6th Edition):
Lovern, S. B. (2000). Assessing the Nonpoint Source Pollutant Removal Efficiencies of a Two-Basin Stormwater Management System in an Urbanizing Watershed. (Masters Thesis). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33330
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Lovern, Sharla Benjamin. “Assessing the Nonpoint Source Pollutant Removal Efficiencies of a Two-Basin Stormwater Management System in an Urbanizing Watershed.” 2000. Masters Thesis, Virginia Tech. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33330.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Lovern, Sharla Benjamin. “Assessing the Nonpoint Source Pollutant Removal Efficiencies of a Two-Basin Stormwater Management System in an Urbanizing Watershed.” 2000. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Lovern SB. Assessing the Nonpoint Source Pollutant Removal Efficiencies of a Two-Basin Stormwater Management System in an Urbanizing Watershed. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2000. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33330.
Council of Science Editors:
Lovern SB. Assessing the Nonpoint Source Pollutant Removal Efficiencies of a Two-Basin Stormwater Management System in an Urbanizing Watershed. [Masters Thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2000. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33330
Virginia Tech
8.
Tucker, Heather Ashley.
Factors affecting estrogen excretion in dairy heifers.
Degree: MS, Dairy Science, 2009, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34362
► Two studies were conducted to assess factors affecting estrogen excretion in dairy heifers. The objective of the first study was to quantify estrogenic activity in…
(more)
▼ Two studies were conducted to assess factors affecting estrogen excretion in dairy heifers. The objective of the first study was to quantify estrogenic activity in feces and urine during the estrous cycle. Ten non-pregnant Holstein heifers were fed the same diet for 28 d. Plasma, feces, and urine samples were collected daily. Plasma 17-β estradiol (17-β E2) was quantified with RIA and used to confirm day of estrous. Feces and urine samples from days -12, -6, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 6, 12 of the estrous cycle were analyzed with RIA and Yeast Estrogen Screen (YES) bioassay. Plasma 17-β E2 concentrations peaked on day of estrus, with feces and urine estrogenic excretion peaking a day after. The objective of the second study was to quantify variation in estrogenic activity in feces and urine due to increased dietary phytoestrogen content. Ten Holstein heifers were randomly assigned to treatment sequence in a two-period crossover design. Dietary treatments consisted of grass or red clover hay, and necessary supplements. Feces and urine samples were collected and pooled for analysis. Estrogenic activities of pooled samples were quantified using the YES bioassay. Estrogenic excretion in feces and urine was higher for heifers fed red clover hay. Fecal and urine samples from five heifers were analyzed using LC/MS/MS to quantify excretion of phytoestrogenic compounds. Heifers fed red clover hay excreted more equol than heifers fed grass. Identifying sources of variation in estrogenic activity of manure will aid in the development of practices to reduce environmental estrogen accumulation.
Advisors/Committee Members: Knowlton, Katharine F. (committeechair), Voshell, J. Reese Jr. (committee member), Akers, Robert Michael (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: phytoestrogen; estrous; estrogen; dairy heifer
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APA (6th Edition):
Tucker, H. A. (2009). Factors affecting estrogen excretion in dairy heifers. (Masters Thesis). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34362
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Tucker, Heather Ashley. “Factors affecting estrogen excretion in dairy heifers.” 2009. Masters Thesis, Virginia Tech. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34362.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Tucker, Heather Ashley. “Factors affecting estrogen excretion in dairy heifers.” 2009. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Tucker HA. Factors affecting estrogen excretion in dairy heifers. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2009. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34362.
Council of Science Editors:
Tucker HA. Factors affecting estrogen excretion in dairy heifers. [Masters Thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2009. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34362
Virginia Tech
9.
Ranganath, Sheila Casaba.
Recovery of Channel Morphology and Benthic Macroinvertebrate Assemblages after Livestock Exclusion.
Degree: MS, Biological Systems Engineering, 2007, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33455
► Measurements in paired stream reaches with and without livestock access in southwestern Virginia suggest that livestock exclusion practices installed on short, isolated stream reaches result…
(more)
▼ Measurements in paired stream reaches with and without livestock access in southwestern
Virginia suggest that livestock exclusion practices installed on short, isolated stream reaches result in improved geomorphic and riparian vegetation condition, but do not significantly improve the benthic macroinvertebrate assemblage. Detailed longitudinal and cross-sectional surveys, pebble counts, and rapid geomorphic assessments were conducted on contiguous, paired stream reaches (5 pairs) with and without active livestock access across a range of time since livestock exclusion was implemented. In addition, bank characteristics were quantified by measuring groundcover biomass, shrub crown volume, tree density and diameter, soil bulk density, and particle-size analysis. Benthic macroinvertebrates were collected with a D-frame dip net and quantified using the
Virginia Stream Condition Index (SCI), and other benthic macroinvertebrate metrics. We determined that: 1) small lengths of livestock exclusion can significantly increase channel depth and decrease the width to depth ratio, and increase groundcover vegetation growth, but do not significantly alter benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages; and, 2) qualitative geomorphic assessment results showed trends over time since exclusion (0 to greater than 50 years), but not in any of the other parameters evaluated. These observations suggest that a more targeted and holistic approach that addresses watershed-wide impacts must be implemented to restore aquatic habitat. (Key Words: CREP, stream channel morphology, livestock exclusion, agriculture, benthic macroinvertebrates, riparian buffers.)
Advisors/Committee Members: Hession, William Cully (committeechair), Voshell, J. Reese Jr. (committee member), Wynn, Theresa M. (committeecochair).
Subjects/Keywords: livestock exclusion; stream channel morphology; CREP; agriculture; benthic macroinvertebrates; riparian buffers
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APA (6th Edition):
Ranganath, S. C. (2007). Recovery of Channel Morphology and Benthic Macroinvertebrate Assemblages after Livestock Exclusion. (Masters Thesis). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33455
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Ranganath, Sheila Casaba. “Recovery of Channel Morphology and Benthic Macroinvertebrate Assemblages after Livestock Exclusion.” 2007. Masters Thesis, Virginia Tech. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33455.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Ranganath, Sheila Casaba. “Recovery of Channel Morphology and Benthic Macroinvertebrate Assemblages after Livestock Exclusion.” 2007. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Ranganath SC. Recovery of Channel Morphology and Benthic Macroinvertebrate Assemblages after Livestock Exclusion. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2007. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33455.
Council of Science Editors:
Ranganath SC. Recovery of Channel Morphology and Benthic Macroinvertebrate Assemblages after Livestock Exclusion. [Masters Thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2007. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33455
Virginia Tech
10.
Hutchens, John Jehu.
The diet and growth of a leaf-shredding caddisfly, Pycnopsyche, in streams of contrasting disturbance histories.
Degree: MS, Biology, 1994, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42124
► This study investigated the diet and growth of a leaf-eating caddisfly, Pycnopsyche, in streams draining a >60 year-old reference forest and a 16-year-old c1earcut…
(more)
▼ This study investigated the diet and growth of a leaf-eating caddisfly,
Pycnopsyche, in streams draining a >60 year-old reference forest and a 16-year-old c1earcut
(disturbed) forest at Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory in southwestern North Carolina.
The objective was to examine whether Pycnopsyche larvae grew better on fast-decaying
leaf types more prevalent in the disturbed streams (e.g., black birch) because leaf-eating
insects (shredders) in a previous study were more productive in these streams despite
having less food available. Larvae consumed mostly unidentified plant material in streams
of both forest types over three seasons (fall, winter, and spring) which suggested larvae
did not consume higher quality foods (e.g., algae) in disturbed streams. When fed 2-mo
"conditioned" black birch and white oak leaves, lab experiment larvae grew significantly
faster on birch leaves. However, when larvae were fed the same leaf types after 3 mo of
conditioning, larvae grew significantly faster on oak leaves. A field growth experiment
conducted for 42 d using leaf diets representative of both forest types and conditioned for
2 mo found Pycnopsyche grew better on the diet representative of the reference forest.
found Pycnopsyche grew better on the diet representative of the reference forest.
Advisors/Committee Members: Benfield, Ernest F. (committeechair), Webster, Jackson R. (committee member), Voshell, J. Reese Jr. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Stream ecology; LD5655.V855 1994.H883
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APA (6th Edition):
Hutchens, J. J. (1994). The diet and growth of a leaf-shredding caddisfly, Pycnopsyche, in streams of contrasting disturbance histories. (Masters Thesis). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42124
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Hutchens, John Jehu. “The diet and growth of a leaf-shredding caddisfly, Pycnopsyche, in streams of contrasting disturbance histories.” 1994. Masters Thesis, Virginia Tech. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42124.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Hutchens, John Jehu. “The diet and growth of a leaf-shredding caddisfly, Pycnopsyche, in streams of contrasting disturbance histories.” 1994. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Hutchens JJ. The diet and growth of a leaf-shredding caddisfly, Pycnopsyche, in streams of contrasting disturbance histories. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Virginia Tech; 1994. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42124.
Council of Science Editors:
Hutchens JJ. The diet and growth of a leaf-shredding caddisfly, Pycnopsyche, in streams of contrasting disturbance histories. [Masters Thesis]. Virginia Tech; 1994. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42124
Virginia Tech
11.
Hiner, Stephen W.
Analyses of Two Aspects of Study Design for Bioassessment With Benthic Macroinvertebrates: Single Versus Multiple Habitat Sampling and Taxonomic Identification Level.
Degree: MS, Entomology, 2004, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/9716
► Bioassessment is the concept of evaluating the ecological condition of habitats by surveying the resident assemblages of living organisms. Conducting bioassessment with benthic macroinvertebrates is…
(more)
▼ Bioassessment is the concept of evaluating the ecological condition of habitats by surveying the resident assemblages of living organisms. Conducting bioassessment with benthic macroinvertebrates is still evolving and continues to be refined. There are strongly divided opinions about study design, sampling methods, laboratory analyses, and data analysis. Two issues that are currently being debated about study design for bioassessment in streams were examined here: 1) what habitats within streams should be sampled; 2) and is it necessary to identify organisms to the species level? The influence of habitat sampling design and level of taxonomic identification on the interpretation of ecological conditions of ten small streams in western
Virginia was examined. Cattle watering and grazing heavily affected five of these streams (impaired sites). The other five streams, with no recent cattle activity or other impact by man, were considered to be reference sites because they were minimally impaired and represented best attainable conditions. Inferential and non-inferential statistical analyses concluded that multiple habitat sampling design was more effective than a single habitat design (riffle only) at distinguishing impaired conditions, regardless of taxonomic level. It appeared that sampling design (riffle habitat versus multiple habitats) is more important than taxonomic identification level for distinguishing reference and impaired ecological conditions in this bioassessment study. All levels of taxonomic resolution, which were studied, showed that the macroinvertebrate assemblages at the reference and impaired sites were very different and the assemblages at the impaired sites were adversely affected by perturbation. This study supported the sampling of multiple habitats and identification to the family level as a design for best determining the ecological condition of streams in bioassessment.
Advisors/Committee Members: Voshell, J. Reese Jr. (committeechair), Pienkowski, Robert L. (committee member), Benfield, Ernest F. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: bioassessment; benthic macroinvertebrates; taxonomic identification level; habitat sampling design
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APA (6th Edition):
Hiner, S. W. (2004). Analyses of Two Aspects of Study Design for Bioassessment With Benthic Macroinvertebrates: Single Versus Multiple Habitat Sampling and Taxonomic Identification Level. (Masters Thesis). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/9716
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Hiner, Stephen W. “Analyses of Two Aspects of Study Design for Bioassessment With Benthic Macroinvertebrates: Single Versus Multiple Habitat Sampling and Taxonomic Identification Level.” 2004. Masters Thesis, Virginia Tech. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/9716.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Hiner, Stephen W. “Analyses of Two Aspects of Study Design for Bioassessment With Benthic Macroinvertebrates: Single Versus Multiple Habitat Sampling and Taxonomic Identification Level.” 2004. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Hiner SW. Analyses of Two Aspects of Study Design for Bioassessment With Benthic Macroinvertebrates: Single Versus Multiple Habitat Sampling and Taxonomic Identification Level. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2004. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/9716.
Council of Science Editors:
Hiner SW. Analyses of Two Aspects of Study Design for Bioassessment With Benthic Macroinvertebrates: Single Versus Multiple Habitat Sampling and Taxonomic Identification Level. [Masters Thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2004. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/9716
Virginia Tech
12.
Ansah, Yaw Boamah.
Characterization of pond effluents and biological and physicochemical assessment of receiving waters in Ghana.
Degree: MS, Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences, 2010, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31948
► This study was carried out to characterize ponds and aquaculture systems, and also to determine both the potential and actual impacts of pond aquaculture effluents…
(more)
▼ This study was carried out to characterize ponds and aquaculture systems, and also to determine both the potential and actual impacts of pond aquaculture effluents on receiving stream quality in the Ashanti and Brong Ahafo regions of Ghana. Water, fish and macroinvertebrate samples were collected from upstream, downstream and nearby reference streams of, and questionnaires administered to, 32 farms. Total settleable solids were higher in ponds than reference streams (p = 0.0166); suspended solids was higher in ponds than reference streams (p = 0.0159) and upstream (p = 0.0361); and total phosphorus was higher in ponds than reference (p = 0.0274) and upstream (p = 0.0269). Total nitrogen was most clearly higher in ponds than all other locations: p = 0.0016, 0.0086 and 0.0154 for the differences between ponds and reference, upstream, and downstream respectively. BOD5 level was also higher in ponds than all locations (p = 0.0048, 0.0009, and 0.0012 respectively). Also, non-guarding fish species were more abundant in reference streams than downstream (p = 0.0214) and upstream (p = 0.0251), and sand-detritus spawning fish were less predominant in reference streams than upstream (p = 0.0222) and marginally less in downstream locations (p = 0.0539). A possible subsidy-stress response within study streams was also observed. Hence, ponds are potential sources of these water quality variables to receiving streams. Effluent-receiving streams, generally, were not much different from reference streams in terms of most the metrics of community structure and function used in the comparisons. Hence, even though receiving streams in Central Ghana may not be severely impacted by aquaculture effluents at the moment, the management of pond effluents will determine the scale of future impact. Vegetable, cereal, and livestock farming could serve as additional sources of fecal streptococci and coliform bacteria and nutrient-enrichment within the study area, besides aquaculture, and so these industries must also be included in efforts to minimize pollution of these streams.
Advisors/Committee Members: Frimpong, Emmanuel A. (committeechair), Voshell, J. Reese Jr. (committee member), Orth, Donald J. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: biomonitoring; Ghana; benthic macroinvertebrates; stream ecology; water quality; aquaculture effluents
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APA (6th Edition):
Ansah, Y. B. (2010). Characterization of pond effluents and biological and physicochemical assessment of receiving waters in Ghana. (Masters Thesis). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31948
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Ansah, Yaw Boamah. “Characterization of pond effluents and biological and physicochemical assessment of receiving waters in Ghana.” 2010. Masters Thesis, Virginia Tech. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31948.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Ansah, Yaw Boamah. “Characterization of pond effluents and biological and physicochemical assessment of receiving waters in Ghana.” 2010. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Ansah YB. Characterization of pond effluents and biological and physicochemical assessment of receiving waters in Ghana. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2010. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31948.
Council of Science Editors:
Ansah YB. Characterization of pond effluents and biological and physicochemical assessment of receiving waters in Ghana. [Masters Thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2010. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31948
Virginia Tech
13.
Roberts, Lenn Darrell.
Benthic Macroinvertebrate Susceptibility to Trout Farm Effluents.
Degree: MS, Environmental Sciences and Engineering, 2005, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35004
► The direct effects of a Virginia trout farm on benthic macroinvertebrates were examined using multiple approaches. Static laboratory tests with the amphipod, Hyallela azteca, were…
(more)
▼ The direct effects of a
Virginia trout farm on benthic macroinvertebrates were examined using multiple approaches. Static laboratory tests with the amphipod, Hyallela azteca, were conducted with exposures to water taken from a spring, effluent above a sedimentation basin, and effluent below a sedimentation basin. On-site mesocosms were constructed to expose previously colonized artificial substrates to the same treatments as the laboratory tests. Flat-headed mayflies were also collected from a nearby stream and transported to the mesocosms for a 10 day exposure. There was no significant difference between treatments in the laboratory tests after 20 days, but after 28 days the control was significantly lower than the above sedimentation basin treatment in one test. In the multispecies field tests, a clear decrease in total invertebrate abundance and EPT abundance was seen in the effluent treatments compared to the spring water treatments, with a slight improvement in survival in the treatment below the sedimentation basin. However, only total invertebrate abundance after 21 days produced statistically significant differences. A significant difference was detected between the effluent and the spring treatments in the flat-headed mayfly field test. We suggest that the effects seen in this study do not explain the lack of taxa richness in the receiving stream. The main cause of mortality from trout effluents appears to be solids accumulating upon the organisms, and sedimentation basins should be effective best management practices for protecting macroinvertebrates.
Advisors/Committee Members: Boardman, Gregory D. (committeechair), Voshell, J. Reese Jr. (committee member), Dietrich, Andrea M. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Hyallela azteca; artificial substrates; benthic macroinvertebrates; trout effluents
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APA (6th Edition):
Roberts, L. D. (2005). Benthic Macroinvertebrate Susceptibility to Trout Farm Effluents. (Masters Thesis). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35004
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Roberts, Lenn Darrell. “Benthic Macroinvertebrate Susceptibility to Trout Farm Effluents.” 2005. Masters Thesis, Virginia Tech. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35004.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Roberts, Lenn Darrell. “Benthic Macroinvertebrate Susceptibility to Trout Farm Effluents.” 2005. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Roberts LD. Benthic Macroinvertebrate Susceptibility to Trout Farm Effluents. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2005. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35004.
Council of Science Editors:
Roberts LD. Benthic Macroinvertebrate Susceptibility to Trout Farm Effluents. [Masters Thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2005. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35004
Virginia Tech
14.
Beaty, Thomas Vernon.
The use of Chironomus riparius (Diptera: Chironomidae) in benthic toxicity tests and its response to selenium.
Degree: MS, Biology, 1995, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43352
► The larval and pupal stages of Chironomus riparius are benthic dwellers which ingest sediment, and are commonly prey. In an environment with elevated selenium concentrations,…
(more)
▼ The larval and pupal stages of Chironomus riparius are benthic dwellers which ingest sediment, and are commonly prey. In an environment with elevated selenium concentrations, they can accumulate it and transfer it to higher trophic level organisms upon being ingested.
This study was conducted to:
1. Develop a method for performing acute toxicity tests using Chironomus riparius.
2. Establish relationships between dry mass and selenium content, and between dry mass and selenium body burden.
3. Determine whether bioaccumulation or bioconcentration contributed more to the selenium content and body burden of individual larvae.
4. Determine selenium concentrations which were acutely and chronically toxic to C. riparius, and whether previous exposure changed the acutely toxic concentration.
5. Evaluate adequacy of national surface water selenium criterion with respect to these data. In acute toxicity tests, 1 larva per 4 ml test solution was an acceptable organism density, and test solutions were successfully renewed by siphoning and refilling the test chamber. Regression showed that larval selenium content was linearly dependent on dry mass within instar, and body burden was negatively exponentially dependent on dry mass. Predicted body burdens were linearly dependent on dissolved selenium concentration. This indicated that
bioconcentration was more important than bioaccumulation in detennining body burdens. C. riparius readily acclimated after prolonged exposure to dissolved selenium, but became slightly more sensitive to selenium after prolonged exposure to substrate-adsorbed selenium. The national water quality selenium criteria may not protect against biomagnification in all ecosystems, and should be based on some environmental chemical factors.
Advisors/Committee Members: Hendricks, Albert C. (committeechair), Benfield, Ernest F. (committee member), Voshell, J. Reese Jr. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: acute toxicity tests; LD5655.V855 1995.B371
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APA (6th Edition):
Beaty, T. V. (1995). The use of Chironomus riparius (Diptera: Chironomidae) in benthic toxicity tests and its response to selenium. (Masters Thesis). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43352
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Beaty, Thomas Vernon. “The use of Chironomus riparius (Diptera: Chironomidae) in benthic toxicity tests and its response to selenium.” 1995. Masters Thesis, Virginia Tech. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43352.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Beaty, Thomas Vernon. “The use of Chironomus riparius (Diptera: Chironomidae) in benthic toxicity tests and its response to selenium.” 1995. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Beaty TV. The use of Chironomus riparius (Diptera: Chironomidae) in benthic toxicity tests and its response to selenium. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Virginia Tech; 1995. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43352.
Council of Science Editors:
Beaty TV. The use of Chironomus riparius (Diptera: Chironomidae) in benthic toxicity tests and its response to selenium. [Masters Thesis]. Virginia Tech; 1995. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43352
Virginia Tech
15.
Frondorf, Laurie.
An Investigation of the Relationships Between Stream Benthic Macroinvertebrate Assemblage Conditions and Their Stressors.
Degree: MS, Biological Systems Engineering, 2001, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32294
► Agriculture, urbanization, and human activities, if not managed carefully, can expose a water body to environmental degradation, decreased water quality, and ultimately impaired benthic macroinvertebrate…
(more)
▼ Agriculture, urbanization, and human activities, if not managed carefully, can expose a water body to environmental degradation, decreased water quality, and ultimately impaired benthic macroinvertebrate assemblage conditions. In streams where the benthic macroinvertebrates are impaired, the stream itself will not be meeting the water quality standards set forth in the Clean Water Act. As a result, the goal of this study was to establish relationships between benthic macroinvertebrates and their stressors so that stressor levels that would not adversely impact the benthic macroinvertebrates could be determined. Stressors such as sediment, habitat, water quality, landuse, watershed characteristics, and livestock numbers impact the benthic macroinvertebrate assemblage conditions. Since sediment is recognized as the Nation's leading pollutant and since the benthic macroinvertebrates live in the sediment on a stream bottom, this study placed emphasis upon the investigation of sediment as a primary stressor to the benthic macroinvertebrates. The specific objectives of this study were to develop relationships between the benthic macroinvertebrates and sediment and other stressors for
Virginia streams, to evaluate the accuracy of the stressor/benthos relationships, and to discuss the implications of the study results for development of benthic TMDLs.
A procedure to determine the relationships between stressors and benthic macroinvertebrate assemblage conditions was developed. Existing data on sediment, habitat, water quality, landuse, watershed characteristics, livestock numbers, and benthic macroinvertebrate assemblage conditions were compiled for 34 stations with 105 samples collected from the fall of 1996 to the fall of 1998. The 34 stations were located within 13 counties in
Virginia (Rockbridge, Rockingham, Augusta, Frederick, Shenandoah, Page, Loudoun, Fairfax, Prince William, Fauquier, Culpeper, Rappahannock, and Madison) and in watersheds dominated by agricultural, urban, and forested landuses.
Virginia currently uses the Rapid Bioassessment Protocol (RBP) method in its Biological Assessment Program. The RBP compares habitat and biological measures of the benthic macroinvertebrates to reference conditions using individual metrics. VADEQ's Biomonitoring Database, together with Ambient Water Quality Monitoring reports, GIS data layers, and VADCR's Hydrologic Unit Animal Census Database provided all of the necessary information for the stressor variables and benthic macroinvertebrate conditions. Accordingly, the stressor/benthos relationships were evaluated using statistical analyses procedures such as forward, backward, and stepwise multiple regression techniques; correlation analysis; principal component analysis; and r-square analysis. The statistical results indicated that sediment alone cannot be used to assess the benthic macroinvertebrate assemblage conditions. Other stressors such as dissolved oxygen, flow, % urban land, total suspended solids, temperature, stream velocity, substrate, hardness…
Advisors/Committee Members: Mostaghimi, Saied (committeechair), Dillaha, Theo A. III (committee member), Voshell, J. Reese Jr. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: TMDL; RBP; Stressors; Sediment; Benthic Macroinvertebrate
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APA (6th Edition):
Frondorf, L. (2001). An Investigation of the Relationships Between Stream Benthic Macroinvertebrate Assemblage Conditions and Their Stressors. (Masters Thesis). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32294
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Frondorf, Laurie. “An Investigation of the Relationships Between Stream Benthic Macroinvertebrate Assemblage Conditions and Their Stressors.” 2001. Masters Thesis, Virginia Tech. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32294.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Frondorf, Laurie. “An Investigation of the Relationships Between Stream Benthic Macroinvertebrate Assemblage Conditions and Their Stressors.” 2001. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Frondorf L. An Investigation of the Relationships Between Stream Benthic Macroinvertebrate Assemblage Conditions and Their Stressors. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2001. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32294.
Council of Science Editors:
Frondorf L. An Investigation of the Relationships Between Stream Benthic Macroinvertebrate Assemblage Conditions and Their Stressors. [Masters Thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2001. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32294
Virginia Tech
16.
Willey, Katherine Tara.
Environmental Factors Determining the Pre-Restoration Benthic Macroinvertebrate Assemblage In A Stream Used By Cattle.
Degree: MS, Entomology, 2008, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35221
► I investigated the baseline benthic macroinvertebrate community in relation to the environmental conditions in a section of Smith Creek, north of Harrisonburg, VA, prior to…
(more)
▼ I investigated the baseline benthic macroinvertebrate community in relation to the environmental conditions in a section of Smith Creek, north of Harrisonburg, VA, prior to restoration. Quantitative benthic macroinvertebrate and environmental samples were collected in April and September 2006 from the Bruce Farm (BR) section of Smith Creek and the nearby Mixed Use (MU) section of Mountain Run. BR had been heavily used for cattle grazing for decades and suffered from sediment, nutrients, and lack of a forested riparian zone. MU had a forested riparian zone, but still received nutrient and sediment inputs from upstream cattle grazing. Visual habitat assessments were performed in September 2006 and were compared to quantitative measures. Benthic macroinvertebrate densities and taxa richness were greater at BR (total density for combined seasons = 52,438; taxa richness for both seasons = 84) than MU (total density for combined seasons = 3,982 and taxa richness for both seasons = 63). Biological environmental variables related to nutrients and growth of plants on rocks (ash-free dry mass, chlorophyll a, epilithic biomass) influenced the benthic macroinvertebrate assemblage more than physical environmental variables related to the substrate composition (% fines, % gravel, Traskâ s sorting coefficient). Visual habitat estimates were not as effective as quantitative measures of habitat for explaining the benthic macroinvertebrate assemblage.
Advisors/Committee Members: Voshell, J. Reese Jr. (committeechair), Smith, Eric P. (committee member), Hudy, Mark (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: nutrients; sediment; macroinvertebrates; cattle grazing; recovery; restoration; aquatic ecology
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APA (6th Edition):
Willey, K. T. (2008). Environmental Factors Determining the Pre-Restoration Benthic Macroinvertebrate Assemblage In A Stream Used By Cattle. (Masters Thesis). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35221
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Willey, Katherine Tara. “Environmental Factors Determining the Pre-Restoration Benthic Macroinvertebrate Assemblage In A Stream Used By Cattle.” 2008. Masters Thesis, Virginia Tech. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35221.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Willey, Katherine Tara. “Environmental Factors Determining the Pre-Restoration Benthic Macroinvertebrate Assemblage In A Stream Used By Cattle.” 2008. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Willey KT. Environmental Factors Determining the Pre-Restoration Benthic Macroinvertebrate Assemblage In A Stream Used By Cattle. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2008. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35221.
Council of Science Editors:
Willey KT. Environmental Factors Determining the Pre-Restoration Benthic Macroinvertebrate Assemblage In A Stream Used By Cattle. [Masters Thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2008. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35221
Virginia Tech
17.
Engel, Sarah Rose.
The effectiveness of using volunteers for biological monitoring of streams.
Degree: MS, Entomology, 2000, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31060
► An increase in public environmental awareness and a decrease in resources within government regulatory agencies have led to a larger interest in volunteer biomonitoring programs.…
(more)
▼ An increase in public environmental awareness and a decrease in resources within government regulatory agencies have led to a larger interest in volunteer biomonitoring programs. Government agencies are currently using volunteer data for official purposes with increasing frequency, but questions have been raised about the validity of the data collected by volunteers who have only limited training and experience. Therefore, we conducted a detailed study to assess, modify, and validate the
Virginia Save-Our-Streams (SOS) program, which is a volunteer organization collecting macroinvertebrate data. Sites were sampled using professional methods concurrently with volunteers who utilized the SOS protocol. The volunteer samples were retained for further laboratory analysis. In addition, numerous sites previously sampled by volunteers were re-sampled using professional methods. The data were statistically analyzed to determine if the results of volunteers and professional aquatic biologists were correlated and if they arrived at the same conclusions about ecological condition. It was determined that the
Virginia SOS method, and probably other similar volunteer methods, consistently overrate ecological condition. This means that streams impaired by pollution could go unreported, if they are monitored exclusively by volunteers. The cause of this overestimation was determined to be the overly simplistic SOS metric, which is based solely on the presence or absence of taxa. The SOS protocol for data analysis was made more quantitative by developing a multimetric index that is appropriate for use by volunteers. The SOS sampling protocol was modified slightly to obtain actual counts of the different kinds of macroinvertebrates, which allowed for calculation of metrics. Sorting effort and taxonomic level of identification were not changed so that currently participating volunteers would not be excluded because of the need for expensive equipment or advanced technical training. The modified SOS protocol was evaluated by a different set of concurrent samples taken by volunteers and professionals, but using the same statistical techniques. The modified SOS protocol proved to be feasible for volunteers. The new SOS multimetric index correlated well with a professional multimetric index. The conclusions about ecological condition derived from the volunteer multimetric index agreed very closely with those made by professional aquatic biologists. This study demonstrated that volunteer biomonitoring programs can provide reliable data, but every volunteer program needs to be thoroughly validated by statistical comparisons to the professional methods being used in that area.
Advisors/Committee Members: Voshell, J. Reese Jr. (committeechair), Stone, Nicholas D. (committee member), Fell, Richard D. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: monitoring; citizen; biomonitoring; multimetric index; streams; freshwater; benthic macroinvertebrates; invertebrates; aquatic; volunteer
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APA (6th Edition):
Engel, S. R. (2000). The effectiveness of using volunteers for biological monitoring of streams. (Masters Thesis). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31060
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Engel, Sarah Rose. “The effectiveness of using volunteers for biological monitoring of streams.” 2000. Masters Thesis, Virginia Tech. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31060.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Engel, Sarah Rose. “The effectiveness of using volunteers for biological monitoring of streams.” 2000. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Engel SR. The effectiveness of using volunteers for biological monitoring of streams. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2000. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31060.
Council of Science Editors:
Engel SR. The effectiveness of using volunteers for biological monitoring of streams. [Masters Thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2000. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31060
Virginia Tech
18.
Wagner, Rachel Cain.
An Examination of the Reference Watershed Approach for TMDLs with Benthic Impairments.
Degree: MS, Biological Systems Engineering, 2004, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32564
► This research addresses the Reference Watershed Approach (RWA) in the TMDL process for benthic impairments. In the RWA, do different land use sources (DOQQ and…
(more)
▼ This research addresses the Reference Watershed Approach (RWA) in the TMDL process for benthic impairments. In the RWA, do different land use sources (DOQQ and NLCD) or use of alternative water quality models (GWLF and SWAT) result in different stressor loadings? Is there a difference in stressor loadings when different reference watersheds are used?
Study results showed that using different land use sources resulted in required stressor reductions that were different by greater than 10%. In one scenario, use of the NLCD-based land use parameters results in 3.5 times greater reductions than use of DOQQ-based land use parameters. With respect to water quality model selection, in two of the three scenarios considered, a difference in stressor reduction requirements of greater than 10% resulted from using different models. Differences in load reduction requirements are also seen when different reference watersheds are used, regardless of the water quality model or the land use source used. Different references result in a difference of as much as 73% in required sediment reductions in the impaired watershed: the required reductions using one reference watershed are 6.2 times as great as when another is used.
Possible alternatives to the RWA include water quality standards to set the target level for many of the common stressors on the benthic assemblage, regression equations that relate benthic stressors to the RBP II score, or averaging of stressor reduction requirements obtained from using the Reference Watershed Approach on several different reference watersheds.
Advisors/Committee Members: Dillaha, Theo A. III (committeechair), Voshell, J. Reese Jr. (committee member), Yagow, Eugene R. (committee member), Mostaghimi, Saied (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: benthic impairment; water quality; TMDL; water quality model; Reference Watershed Approach
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APA (6th Edition):
Wagner, R. C. (2004). An Examination of the Reference Watershed Approach for TMDLs with Benthic Impairments. (Masters Thesis). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32564
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Wagner, Rachel Cain. “An Examination of the Reference Watershed Approach for TMDLs with Benthic Impairments.” 2004. Masters Thesis, Virginia Tech. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32564.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Wagner, Rachel Cain. “An Examination of the Reference Watershed Approach for TMDLs with Benthic Impairments.” 2004. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Wagner RC. An Examination of the Reference Watershed Approach for TMDLs with Benthic Impairments. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2004. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32564.
Council of Science Editors:
Wagner RC. An Examination of the Reference Watershed Approach for TMDLs with Benthic Impairments. [Masters Thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2004. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32564
Virginia Tech
19.
Easton, Robert S.
Feeding ecology of age-o smallmouth bass in the New River, West Virginia.
Degree: MS, Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences, 1992, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45017
► The purpose of this study was to determine the food habits of age-O smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu Lac~p~de) in the New River and to…
(more)
▼ The purpose of this study was to determine the food habits of age-O
smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu Lac~p~de) in the New River and to
examine spatial, temporal, and size-related differences in foraging
success. Understanding factors that regulate foraging success of age-O
smallmouth bass may provide further insight into factors regulating yearclass
strength in smallmouth bass populations.
Larval and juvenile smallmouth bass (8.5-85 mm Total Length; TL)
were collected from two sites in the New River, West
Virginia in the late
spring and early summer of 1990. Stomach analysis revealed that the first
foods of smallmouth bass (TL - 9 mm) were primarily Chironomidae and
Copepoda. Aquatic insects, primarily Ephemeroptera, became more abundant
in the stomachs as TL increased. A shift in the proportions and types of
prey consumed occurred at approximately 15 mm TL and was attributed to
increased mouth width and fin development.
Advisors/Committee Members: Orth, Donald J. (committeechair), Nielsen, Larry A. (committee member), Angermeier, Paul L. (committee member), Voshell, J. Reese Jr. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Forage; LD5655.V855 1992.E277
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APA (6th Edition):
Easton, R. S. (1992). Feeding ecology of age-o smallmouth bass in the New River, West Virginia. (Masters Thesis). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45017
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Easton, Robert S. “Feeding ecology of age-o smallmouth bass in the New River, West Virginia.” 1992. Masters Thesis, Virginia Tech. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45017.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Easton, Robert S. “Feeding ecology of age-o smallmouth bass in the New River, West Virginia.” 1992. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Easton RS. Feeding ecology of age-o smallmouth bass in the New River, West Virginia. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Virginia Tech; 1992. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45017.
Council of Science Editors:
Easton RS. Feeding ecology of age-o smallmouth bass in the New River, West Virginia. [Masters Thesis]. Virginia Tech; 1992. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45017
Virginia Tech
20.
McTammany, Matthew Eric Jr.
The Impact of Urbanization on Benthic Macroinvertebrates in Southern Appalachian Streams.
Degree: MS, Biology, 1998, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/46508
► Macroinvertebrate assemblage structure was compared from 12 streams differing in urbanization type and degree. Urbanization, both historical and current, was measured using several variables generated…
(more)
▼ Macroinvertebrate assemblage structure was compared from 12 streams differing in urbanization type and degree. Urbanization, both historical and current, was measured using several variables generated from GIS overlays of land cover, aerial photographs, and field exploration in the study watersheds. Quantitative benthic macroinvertebrate samples were taken, and a variety of physicochemical characteristics were measured. Increasing urbanization resulted in a decline in diversity and abundance of intolerant organisms. Streams in industrial areas had greater invertebrate density due to large increases in a few tolerant groups. Urbanization in the watersheds was coupled with changes in the physical and chemical structure of the streams suggesting some possible mechanisms for urbanization impact on stream biota. Multivariate analysis grouped streams based on a number of pollution-sensitive taxa suggesting the utility of this type of approach in analyzing community data.
Primary funding for this project was from the Coweeta Hydrologic Lab NSF-LTER grant. Additional funding was provided through a Graduate Research and Development Project grant from the Graduate Student Assembly of
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Matching funds were provided by the Biology Department.
Advisors/Committee Members: Benfield, Ernest F. (committeechair), Webster, Jackson R. (committee member), Voshell, J. Reese Jr. (committee member), Yin, Ray (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: stream; macroinvertebrate; urbanization; land use; diversity
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APA (6th Edition):
McTammany, M. E. J. (1998). The Impact of Urbanization on Benthic Macroinvertebrates in Southern Appalachian Streams. (Masters Thesis). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/46508
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
McTammany, Matthew Eric Jr. “The Impact of Urbanization on Benthic Macroinvertebrates in Southern Appalachian Streams.” 1998. Masters Thesis, Virginia Tech. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/46508.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
McTammany, Matthew Eric Jr. “The Impact of Urbanization on Benthic Macroinvertebrates in Southern Appalachian Streams.” 1998. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
McTammany MEJ. The Impact of Urbanization on Benthic Macroinvertebrates in Southern Appalachian Streams. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Virginia Tech; 1998. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/46508.
Council of Science Editors:
McTammany MEJ. The Impact of Urbanization on Benthic Macroinvertebrates in Southern Appalachian Streams. [Masters Thesis]. Virginia Tech; 1998. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/46508
Virginia Tech
21.
Locke, Branden Alyssa.
An Ecotoxicological Assessment of Upper Clinch River Tributaries, Virginia.
Degree: MS, Biology, 2005, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42164
► The Clinch River, Virginia is known for high aquatic biodiversity, particularly Unionidae which are declining at remarkable rates. Studies conducted on the mainstem have only…
(more)
▼ The Clinch River,
Virginia is known for high aquatic biodiversity, particularly Unionidae which are declining at remarkable rates. Studies conducted on the mainstem have only addressed effects of point-source stressors (various toxic spills and effluents from the Clinch River Plant (CRP), Carbo,
Virginia) that have been introduced into the Clinch River. It is hypothesized that the tributaries of the Clinch River deliver a variety of stressors to the mainstem, which may affect the diverse fauna. The aquatic health of 19 upper Clinch River tributaries,
Virginia, was assessed via ecotoxicological ratings that indicated the least healthy catchments were associated with mining activity (Dumps, Russell and Coal Creeks). Tributaries were categorized by land use and mining streams were significantly different from agricultural and forested streams (F = 9.63, p<0.0001). Tributaries with ecotoxicological ratings (ETR) <80 from 100 were deemed suboptimal and thus studied further. Using identical response variables and upstream and downstream sites, resulting ETRs for nine streams indicated no model significance regarding land use, year, or site. Variability within treatments and low sampling sizes contributed to lack of significance, and results indicate that future studies need to be designed incorporating sites with analogous land use stressors. This first assessment of upper Clinch River tributaries indicates the catchments requiring remediation are Dumps, Russell and Coal Creeks, while tributaries requiring extensive evaluations are Big, Lick, Swords, Big Spring, Guest River, Cavitts and Middle Creeks. Tributaries that were deemed healthy (ETRs >80) were Big Stony, Copper, Indian, Stock, Little River and Cove Creeks.
Advisors/Committee Members: Cherry, Donald S. (committeechair), Zipper, Carl E. (committee member), Voshell, J. Reese Jr. (committee member), Currie, Rebecca J. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Unionidae; Ecotoxicological Rating; Freshwater Mussels; Clinch River Tributaries
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APA (6th Edition):
Locke, B. A. (2005). An Ecotoxicological Assessment of Upper Clinch River Tributaries, Virginia. (Masters Thesis). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42164
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Locke, Branden Alyssa. “An Ecotoxicological Assessment of Upper Clinch River Tributaries, Virginia.” 2005. Masters Thesis, Virginia Tech. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42164.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Locke, Branden Alyssa. “An Ecotoxicological Assessment of Upper Clinch River Tributaries, Virginia.” 2005. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Locke BA. An Ecotoxicological Assessment of Upper Clinch River Tributaries, Virginia. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2005. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42164.
Council of Science Editors:
Locke BA. An Ecotoxicological Assessment of Upper Clinch River Tributaries, Virginia. [Masters Thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2005. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42164
Virginia Tech
22.
Hilderbrand, Robert Howard.
Relations between large woody debris, physical habitat, and benthic macroinvertebrates in Appalachian mountain streams.
Degree: MS, Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences, 1994, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42883
► Large woody debris (LWD) was added to North Fork Stony Creek and North Prong Barbours Creek as an experimental stream enhancement technique. The purpose of…
(more)
▼ Large woody debris (LWD) was added to North Fork Stony Creek and North
Prong Barbours Creek as an experimental stream enhancement technique. The
purpose of this study was to determine the stream channel responses to LWD
additions at the scale of the stream reach and around individual logs, to
determine benthic macroinvertebrate relations to physical habitat, and to
determine the potential effects of LWD created stream channel alterations on
benthic macroinvertebrates.
Pool frequency and total surface area increased substantially at the expense
of riffles in the random and controlled placement sections one year after LWD
additions in Stony Creek. Although logs oriented as ramps produced more
channel scouring, only log dams created pools. Results in Barbours Creek were
similar but less pronounced.
Substratum detritus was greater in pools than riffles for both streams, but
there was no difference between years, sections, or as a result of LWD
additions. Most functional feeding groups and invertebrate orders were
significantly more abundant in riffles than pools. The exception were collector
gatherers which accounted for a large proportion of the benthic
macroinvertebrate assemblage. Increased poor area at the expense of riffle area
may decrease the overall relative abundances of functional feeding groups and
result in a reduction of the stream's substratum detritus processing capabilities.
Decreased riffle area should result in an overall decrease in the abundance
of potential food items for brook trout in Barbours Creek, but not in Stony
Creek. However, average biomass was not significantly different between
pools and riffles for either stream. Biomass may therefore compensate for a
loss of prey items for brook trout because, although numbers may decrease,
average individual weight increases with an increase in pool habitats.
Advisors/Committee Members: Lemly, A. Dennis (committeechair), Orth, Donald J. (committee member), Dolloff, C. Andrew (committee member), Voshell, J. Reese Jr. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Benthos; LD5655.V855 1994.H548
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APA (6th Edition):
Hilderbrand, R. H. (1994). Relations between large woody debris, physical habitat, and benthic macroinvertebrates in Appalachian mountain streams. (Masters Thesis). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42883
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Hilderbrand, Robert Howard. “Relations between large woody debris, physical habitat, and benthic macroinvertebrates in Appalachian mountain streams.” 1994. Masters Thesis, Virginia Tech. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42883.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Hilderbrand, Robert Howard. “Relations between large woody debris, physical habitat, and benthic macroinvertebrates in Appalachian mountain streams.” 1994. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Hilderbrand RH. Relations between large woody debris, physical habitat, and benthic macroinvertebrates in Appalachian mountain streams. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Virginia Tech; 1994. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42883.
Council of Science Editors:
Hilderbrand RH. Relations between large woody debris, physical habitat, and benthic macroinvertebrates in Appalachian mountain streams. [Masters Thesis]. Virginia Tech; 1994. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42883
Virginia Tech
23.
Schmidt, Travis Scott.
Development and Implementation of Integrative Bioassessment Techniques to Delineate Small Order Acid Mine Drainage Impacted Streams of the North Fork Powell River, Southwestern Virginia.
Degree: MS, Biology, 2001, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35095
► Acid mine drainage (AMD) results from the oxidation of pyretic mineralogy, exposed by mining operations to oxygen and water. This reaction produces sulfuric acid and…
(more)
▼ Acid mine drainage (AMD) results from the oxidation of pyretic mineralogy, exposed by
mining operations to oxygen and water. This reaction produces sulfuric acid and
liberates heavy metals from the surrounding mineralogy and impairs water quality and
freshwater communities. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers has begun an ecosystem
restoration project to remediate the abandoned mine land (AML) impacts to the North
Fork Powell River (NFP) and is utilizing the ecotoxicological rating (ETR) system to
delineate these affects to focus restoration efforts. The ETR was developed to summarize
the integrative data into a single number ranging from 0 to 100, which is descriptive of
the environmental integrity of a sampling station. The ETR is conceptualized to work as
an academic grading scale (0 through 100), rating reference stations with A's (90-100)
and B's (80-89) and impacted stations with C's (70-80), D's (60-70) and failures (F =
60). Two rounds of ETR investigations have evaluated seven headwater tributaries to
the NFP including investigations of Ely and Puckett's Creek from 1997 and 1998. This
thesis contains the results of the second series of ETR investigations at 41 stations in Cox
Creek, Jone's Creek, Reed's Creek, Summers Fork, Straight Creek, and areas in the NFP.
Eight stations were recommended for reclamation; CC 03, JCRF2 02, JCRF2 01, RCPS
09B, RCPS 11B, SULF 01, SU 02, and SU 01. Summers Fork was the most severely
impacted watershed of the second round of ETR investigations. An effort to streamline
the ETR to the most ecologically predictive parameters was successful in creating a
system more time and cost efficient then the initial ETRs and exclusive of benthic
macroinvertebrate surveys. The Modified ETR streamlined the ETR to just 5 parameters
including; mean conductivity, mean Asian clam survival, mean aluminum (Al) and
manganese (Mn) in the water column, and mean habitat score to describe the AMD
impacts to small headwater streams. Also, an investigation was conducted to determine
the mode of toxicity, (i.e., exposures to metal contaminated surface waters or sediments)
by which Al and iron (Fe) dominated AMD impairs benthic macroinvertebrate
communities. It was found that water column exposures both within and beyond the zone
of pH depression are the most likely mode by which AMD impairs the benthic
macroinvertebrate communities of the NFP.
Advisors/Committee Members: Cherry, Donald S. (committeechair), Zipper, Carl E. (committee member), Voshell, J. Reese Jr. (committee member), Smith, Eric P. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: ecotoxicological rating; Acid mine drainage; benthic macroinvertebrates; integrative bioassessment
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APA (6th Edition):
Schmidt, T. S. (2001). Development and Implementation of Integrative Bioassessment Techniques to Delineate Small Order Acid Mine Drainage Impacted Streams of the North Fork Powell River, Southwestern Virginia. (Masters Thesis). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35095
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Schmidt, Travis Scott. “Development and Implementation of Integrative Bioassessment Techniques to Delineate Small Order Acid Mine Drainage Impacted Streams of the North Fork Powell River, Southwestern Virginia.” 2001. Masters Thesis, Virginia Tech. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35095.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Schmidt, Travis Scott. “Development and Implementation of Integrative Bioassessment Techniques to Delineate Small Order Acid Mine Drainage Impacted Streams of the North Fork Powell River, Southwestern Virginia.” 2001. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Schmidt TS. Development and Implementation of Integrative Bioassessment Techniques to Delineate Small Order Acid Mine Drainage Impacted Streams of the North Fork Powell River, Southwestern Virginia. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2001. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35095.
Council of Science Editors:
Schmidt TS. Development and Implementation of Integrative Bioassessment Techniques to Delineate Small Order Acid Mine Drainage Impacted Streams of the North Fork Powell River, Southwestern Virginia. [Masters Thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2001. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35095
Virginia Tech
24.
Vaughan, Jefferson Archer.
Biology of immature Culicoides variipennis ssp. australis (Coq.) (Diptera:Ceratopogonidae) at Saltville, VA.
Degree: PhD, Entomology, 1985, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/51943
► The larval and pupal biology of a unique population of gulicoides variipennis inhabiting the brine ponds of Saltville, VA was studied. Developmental threshold temperatures (OC)…
(more)
▼ The larval and pupal biology of a unique population of
gulicoides variipennis inhabiting the brine ponds of
Saltville, VA was studied. Developmental threshold
temperatures (OC) and thermal constants (Odays) for larvae
and pupae were 9.6OC and 387Odays (larval stage) and 9.6OC
and 3OOdays (pupal stage) respectively. Accumulated heat
units recorded in the field ranged from 366—376Odays between
successive generations in the summer. Heat accumulations
required for completion of immature development of Q.
variipennis were found to be much greater (83lOdays) for the
overwintering generation. During the summer, larval/pupal
distribution within the littoral zone of a brine pond was confined to the surface cm of mud at or near the shoreline.
Insects overwintered farther offshore, mostly as 3rd
instars. In ear1y' March, most larvae had xnolted to 4th
instars and migrated above shoreline to pupate. Adult
emergence occurred in April. Three summer generations were
documented for 1983-1984 at Saltville._ Life tables and
survivorship curves were calculated for the overwintering
generation and the first summer generations for 1983 and
1984. For the overwintering generation, there was a
relatively constant mortality rate between successive ageclasses
(Type II survivorship curve). During the summer,
there was relatively little mortality between successive
larval age—classes but a dramatic increase in mortality was
evident at the pupal stage (Type I survivorship curve).
Late instar larvae were found to migrate from the shoreline
onto the exposed mudflats to pupate, thus becoming
vulnerable to predation by ants and carabid beetles.
Excellent survival rates of the larvae during the summer was
attributed to habitat stability, the paucity of predators
and parasites and abundant microfloral content (i.e. food}
of the pond water. Intra-specific competition for food resources appeared to be alleviated somewhat by partitioning
of those resources on a diurnal cycle.
Advisors/Committee Members: Turner, E. Craig Jr. (committeechair), Eaton, John L. (committee member), Pienkowski, Robert L. (committee member), Voshell, J. Reese Jr. (committee member), Yongue, W. H. Jr. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: LD5655.V856 1985.V383; Culicoides – Larvae; Culicoides – Ecology; Culicoides – Development; Culicoides – Seasonal distribution
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APA (6th Edition):
Vaughan, J. A. (1985). Biology of immature Culicoides variipennis ssp. australis (Coq.) (Diptera:Ceratopogonidae) at Saltville, VA. (Doctoral Dissertation). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/51943
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Vaughan, Jefferson Archer. “Biology of immature Culicoides variipennis ssp. australis (Coq.) (Diptera:Ceratopogonidae) at Saltville, VA.” 1985. Doctoral Dissertation, Virginia Tech. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/51943.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Vaughan, Jefferson Archer. “Biology of immature Culicoides variipennis ssp. australis (Coq.) (Diptera:Ceratopogonidae) at Saltville, VA.” 1985. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Vaughan JA. Biology of immature Culicoides variipennis ssp. australis (Coq.) (Diptera:Ceratopogonidae) at Saltville, VA. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 1985. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/51943.
Council of Science Editors:
Vaughan JA. Biology of immature Culicoides variipennis ssp. australis (Coq.) (Diptera:Ceratopogonidae) at Saltville, VA. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 1985. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/51943
Virginia Tech
25.
Jenkins, David Glenn.
Structure and function of zooplankton colonization in twelve new experimental ponds.
Degree: PhD, Biology, 1990, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39237
► This study examined the structural and functional development of zooplankton communities in 12 new experimental ponds for one year and tested four predictions derived from…
(more)
▼ This study examined the structural and functional development of zooplankton communities in 12 new experimental ponds for one year and tested four predictions derived from the Random Placement Hypothesis (Coleman 1981). Physico-chemistry, zooplankton colonization dynamics, zooplankton community structure and function were analyzed every two weeks from 5 February 1988 to 10 February 1989. Ponds varied in physico-chemistry at points in time but followed similar patterns during the study year.
Ponds were not colonized by zooplankton similarly. Some species occurred in all ponds with about the same timing, but many species exhibited variable timing among ponds or never occurred in more than a few ponds. Colonization curves varied among ponds and through time, and species accrual curves differed in both accrual rates and the numbers of species accrued. Observed colonization curves did not closely match the curve expected according to the Random Placement Hypothesis.
Zooplankton community structure also varied among ponds. Multivariate analyses could not discern similar trends in zooplankton community structure among ponds due to the disparity of species trends among ponds. species data were pooled into taxa (Copepoda, Cladocera, Rotifera, ostracoda and Chaoborus) and analyzed. Rotifers dominated zooplankton communities in densities and biomass, and ponds differed in taxa densities and biomasses.
Zooplankton community function was more similar among ponds than community structure. Multivariate analyses indicated ponds generally followed similar trajectories in zooplankton community function through the year.
Zooplankton did not colonize experimental ponds equally and did not develop similar zooplankton community structure among ponds. Dispersal processes probably limited colonization and development of zooplankton community structure. Zooplankton community function was generally more similar among ponds than community structure, probably due to the functional redundancy of zooplankton species. Implications of these results for experimental pond studies are discussed.
Advisors/Committee Members: Buikema, Arthur L. Jr. (committeechair), Benfield, Ernest F. (committee member), Voshell, J. Reese Jr. (committee member), Simmons, George M. Jr. (committee member), Webster, Jackson R. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Zooplankton; LD5655.V856 1990.J465
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APA (6th Edition):
Jenkins, D. G. (1990). Structure and function of zooplankton colonization in twelve new experimental ponds. (Doctoral Dissertation). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39237
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Jenkins, David Glenn. “Structure and function of zooplankton colonization in twelve new experimental ponds.” 1990. Doctoral Dissertation, Virginia Tech. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39237.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Jenkins, David Glenn. “Structure and function of zooplankton colonization in twelve new experimental ponds.” 1990. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Jenkins DG. Structure and function of zooplankton colonization in twelve new experimental ponds. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 1990. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39237.
Council of Science Editors:
Jenkins DG. Structure and function of zooplankton colonization in twelve new experimental ponds. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 1990. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39237
Virginia Tech
26.
Evans, Shane Kent.
Studies of Benthic Macroinvertebrates in Western Virginia Streams as Related to the Implementation of Rapid Bioassessment Techniques.
Degree: PhD, Entomology, 1997, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30700
► This study tested two key assumptions in developing regional biocriteria: (1) the accuracy of the ecoregion classification framework and (2) the accuracy of standardized qualitative…
(more)
▼ This study tested two key assumptions in developing regional biocriteria: (1) the accuracy of the ecoregion classification framework and (2) the accuracy of standardized qualitative sampling. Except for the Central Appalachians ecoregion, there was little or no correspondence of benthic macroinvertebrate distribution with the ecoregions or subregions of western
Virginia. I found that it was more accurate to rearrange the subregions into three larger regions called bioregions: the forested hills and mountains (subregion 69a), valleys and plateaus (subregions 66c, 67a, and 67b), and the mountains (subregions 66a, 66b, 67c, and 67d). As an alternative to the ecoregion classification scheme, I classified my reference sites in biotic groups and then assessed the effect of several environmental variables on discriminating between the groups. There was a 69.8% correct classification rate using 14 environmental variables. Stepwise multiple discriminant analysis and graphical analysis showed that sampling date, slope, pH, habitat assessment score and distance to source were the best predictors of community structure. These environmental variables correctly classified 52.8% of the reference sites. These classification rates are comparable to rates published in similar studies. My study demonstrated that aggregations of subregions into bioregions and a biotic approach are more accurate classification schemes than ecoregions or subregions for biocriteria based on benthic macroinvertebrates.
A second study evaluated the accuracy of a standardized qualitative sampling approach, commonly used in rapid bioassessments, in assessing the biological condition of lotic systems. I compared a typical standardized qualitative sampling method with subsampling with a typical quantitative sampling method on a stream with varying degrees of impairment. Although some metrics did respond to differences in sample abundance, overall the two methods made similar estimates of community composition. The two sampling methods made the same assessment an average 89% of the time using multimetric index developed for the Mid-Atlantic Region. I found no pattern showing one method was more accurate in making assessments of biological condition than the other. Given the greater time and costs associated with quantitative sampling methods, I conclude that standardized qualitative methods, are preferable for rapid bioassessment approaches to environmental assessment.
Advisors/Committee Members: Voshell, J. Reese Jr. (committeechair), Pienkowski, Robert L. (committee member), Mullins, Donald E. (committee member), Angermeier, Paul L. (committee member), Willis, Larry D. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: standardized qualitative sampling; ecoregions; biological assessment; biocriteria; bioregions; subregions
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APA (6th Edition):
Evans, S. K. (1997). Studies of Benthic Macroinvertebrates in Western Virginia Streams as Related to the Implementation of Rapid Bioassessment Techniques. (Doctoral Dissertation). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30700
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Evans, Shane Kent. “Studies of Benthic Macroinvertebrates in Western Virginia Streams as Related to the Implementation of Rapid Bioassessment Techniques.” 1997. Doctoral Dissertation, Virginia Tech. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30700.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Evans, Shane Kent. “Studies of Benthic Macroinvertebrates in Western Virginia Streams as Related to the Implementation of Rapid Bioassessment Techniques.” 1997. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Evans SK. Studies of Benthic Macroinvertebrates in Western Virginia Streams as Related to the Implementation of Rapid Bioassessment Techniques. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 1997. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30700.
Council of Science Editors:
Evans SK. Studies of Benthic Macroinvertebrates in Western Virginia Streams as Related to the Implementation of Rapid Bioassessment Techniques. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 1997. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30700
Virginia Tech
27.
Farris, Jerry L.
Cellulolytic responses to heavy metal accumulation in Corbicula fluminea and Mudalia dilatata.
Degree: PhD, Biology, 1986, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37215
► Cellulolytic responses of the Asiatic clam, Corbicula fluminea and a snail, Mudalia dilatata, to selected constituents of power plant effluents (i.e., zinc, cadmium, acidic and…
(more)
▼ Cellulolytic responses of the Asiatic clam, Corbicula fluminea and a snail, Mudalia dilatata, to selected constituents of power plant effluents (i.e., zinc, cadmium, acidic and alkaline pH, individually and paired) were investigated in 30-day exposures. Exposures were conducted in both laboratory and field-oriented artificial streams and then validated in the river receiving system of a power plant. Cellulolytic activity was reduced by laboratory and field exposures to cadmium and zinc at all levels tested from 0.012 to 0.10 mg cadmium/L and generally at 0.025 to 1.0 mg zinc/L. Clams detected acute lethal levels of metal and used valve closure as an avoidance mechanism for 14 days. Snails, however, did not effectively avoid exposures and were more sensitive to acute stress during all exposures. These behavioral responses were corroborated by both cellulolytic activity and metal accumulation.
Measurements of cellulolytic activity for both test species in laboratory exposures differed from those in field artificial streams. Reduced enzyme activity in controls by day 30 was attributed to artificially induced stress associated with the laboratory environment. This factor precluded any analysis of laboratory responses for periods of exposure longer than 20 days as well as recovery analysis. Field oriented artificial streams provided a sufficient environment to adequately assess long-term stress and recovery as measured by cellulolytic activity and metal accumulation in both clams and snails. Enzyme activity responded to metal exposure with respect to both degree and duration of exposure.
Advisors/Committee Members: Voshell, J. Reese Jr. (committee member), Benfield, Ernest F. (committee member), Heath, Alan G. (committee member), Cherry, Donald S. (committeecochair), Cairns, John Jr. (committeecochair).
Subjects/Keywords: Cellulose; LD5655.V856 1986.F377
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APA (6th Edition):
Farris, J. L. (1986). Cellulolytic responses to heavy metal accumulation in Corbicula fluminea and Mudalia dilatata. (Doctoral Dissertation). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37215
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Farris, Jerry L. “Cellulolytic responses to heavy metal accumulation in Corbicula fluminea and Mudalia dilatata.” 1986. Doctoral Dissertation, Virginia Tech. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37215.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Farris, Jerry L. “Cellulolytic responses to heavy metal accumulation in Corbicula fluminea and Mudalia dilatata.” 1986. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Farris JL. Cellulolytic responses to heavy metal accumulation in Corbicula fluminea and Mudalia dilatata. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 1986. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37215.
Council of Science Editors:
Farris JL. Cellulolytic responses to heavy metal accumulation in Corbicula fluminea and Mudalia dilatata. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 1986. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37215
Virginia Tech
28.
Corrao, Jason James.
Relationships Between Streamside Management Zone Width and Biotic Communities of Headwater Streams in West Virginia.
Degree: MS, Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences, 2005, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43919
► The importance of streamside management zones (SMZ) in minimizing the impact of non-point source pollution from silvicultural operations is recognized by the forestry Best Management…
(more)
▼ The importance of streamside management zones (SMZ) in minimizing the impact of non-point source pollution from silvicultural operations is recognized by the forestry Best Management Practices of most states. However, research concerning the SMZ width and harvesting intensity required to maintain water quality and biotic communities is limited. The goal of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of different SMZ widths and forest harvesting intensities within SMZs, in maintaining the water quality and biotic communities of 22 headwater streams located in the mountains of East-central West
Virginia. Streams were organized in four blocks and randomly assigned one of six silvicultural treatments involving variation of SMZ width and harvesting intensity within the SMZ; 30.5 m SMZ with no residual harvest, 30.5 m SMZ with 50% residual harvest, 15.3 m SMZ with no residual harvest, 15.3 m SMZ with a 50% residual harvest, 4.5 m SMZ and control (no harvest within the watershed). Stream water chemistry parameters (in particular, NO3, NH4, Ca, Mg, conductivity and total dissolved solids) as well as aquatic macroinvertebrate communities were monitored from June 2003 through March 2005. Average nitrate concentration in streams harvested with a 4.5 m SMZ was more than 4 times as high as that of control streams. Average summer and fall stream temperatures were inversely related to SMZ width. Mean values for a number of macroinvertebrate community metrics were indicative of poorer water quality in streams harvested with a 4.5 m SMZ. During this short-term study SMZs of at least 15.3 m appeared to be sufficient to maintain water quality. However, harvesting was restricted to one side of the stream and logging induced stream disturbances were observed even with SMZs of 30.5 m. For these reasons SMZs of at least 30.5 m are recommended as a cautionary measure to minimize the potential for impacts to biotic communities. In addition, residual harvest of up to 50% of the basal area within the SMZ did not appear to impact water quality during the temporal scope of the study.
Advisors/Committee Members: Dolloff, C. Andrew (committeechair), Orth, Donald J. (committee member), Voshell, J. Reese Jr. (committee member), Ford, Victor L. (committee member), Aust, W. Michael (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Streamside Management Zone; water quality; timber harvesting; West Virginia; macroinvertebrate
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APA (6th Edition):
Corrao, J. J. (2005). Relationships Between Streamside Management Zone Width and Biotic Communities of Headwater Streams in West Virginia. (Masters Thesis). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43919
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Corrao, Jason James. “Relationships Between Streamside Management Zone Width and Biotic Communities of Headwater Streams in West Virginia.” 2005. Masters Thesis, Virginia Tech. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43919.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Corrao, Jason James. “Relationships Between Streamside Management Zone Width and Biotic Communities of Headwater Streams in West Virginia.” 2005. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Corrao JJ. Relationships Between Streamside Management Zone Width and Biotic Communities of Headwater Streams in West Virginia. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2005. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43919.
Council of Science Editors:
Corrao JJ. Relationships Between Streamside Management Zone Width and Biotic Communities of Headwater Streams in West Virginia. [Masters Thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2005. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43919
Virginia Tech
29.
Longing, Scott Douglas.
Ecological studies of benthic macroinvertebrates for determining sedimentation impacts in Chattahoochee National Forest streams.
Degree: PhD, Entomology, 2006, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27008
► Understanding sedimentation impacts to benthic macroinvertebrates in headwater, mountain streams is a top priority of watershed management programs in the Chattahoochee National Forest. Five studies…
(more)
▼ Understanding sedimentation impacts to benthic macroinvertebrates in headwater, mountain streams is a top priority of watershed management programs in the Chattahoochee National Forest. Five studies involving the analysis of historical, biological survey data and current data were conducted to improve our understanding of macroinvertebrate response to sedimentation and to support the development of biological information for sediment load models to be applied in the Chattooga River watershed. An initial analysis of historical data involving a composited, macroinvertebrate reach-scale sample revealed weak relationships between assemblage metrics and sedimentation, which was similar to results of two recent macroinvertebrate studies that found biological ratings of good or excellent with reported physical impact attributed to sedimentation. Those findings and field reconnaissance in the Chattooga River watershed revealed that patchy, coarse sands may be the primary issue of concern regarding sedimentation impact to benthic macroinvertebrates. Therefore, a modified sampling approach was used to investigate relationships of macroinvertebrates and environmental conditions that included micro-habitat patches containing coarse sands, a product of erosion associated with Southern Blue Ridge, silicate parent geology. At the microhabitat, patch scale, flow velocity was the main environmental factor associated with a macroinvertebrate assemblage gradient, and was significantly correlated with percent deposited sediment across 264 samples. The high dominance of just a few macroinvertebrate genera, and the majority lack of individual macroinvertebrate associations with dominant substrate types may suggest that the dominant macroinvertebrates utilize a multi-microhabitat portion of the streambed at any given time, which may be due to the homogenization of streambeds due to sand (providing ease of movement) and its immobility (low bedload volume and sand patch shift). Because flow was the only significantly correlated environmental variable on an assemblage gradient produced by ordination (and was individually correlated with dominant substrate and percent deposited sediment), a subsequent study was conducted to determine macroinvertebrate sensitivity to deposited sediments among two flow-differentiated habitat types. Results showed that more taxa were related to a gradient of percent deposited sediment in fast water habitats, and no taxa were positively correlated with percent deposited sediment. Indicator species analysis found a number of taxa that were associated with a four-level grouping of percent deposited sediment levels. Therefore, a final study involved calculating deposited sediment tolerance values using indicator species associations and individual cumulative abundances across percent deposited sediment levels. The final index developed from cumulative abundances showed a relationship with deposited sediment within the range 0 â 30%, and that low range was due to the low deposited sediment levels at which…
Advisors/Committee Members: Voshell, J. Reese Jr. (committeechair), Fell, Richard D. (committee member), Benfield, Ernest F. (committee member), Salom, Scott M. (committee member), Dolloff, C. Andrew (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Chattooga River Watershed; benthic macroinvertebrates; Chattahoochee National Forest; sedimentation; bioassessment
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APA (6th Edition):
Longing, S. D. (2006). Ecological studies of benthic macroinvertebrates for determining sedimentation impacts in Chattahoochee National Forest streams. (Doctoral Dissertation). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27008
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Longing, Scott Douglas. “Ecological studies of benthic macroinvertebrates for determining sedimentation impacts in Chattahoochee National Forest streams.” 2006. Doctoral Dissertation, Virginia Tech. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27008.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Longing, Scott Douglas. “Ecological studies of benthic macroinvertebrates for determining sedimentation impacts in Chattahoochee National Forest streams.” 2006. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Longing SD. Ecological studies of benthic macroinvertebrates for determining sedimentation impacts in Chattahoochee National Forest streams. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 2006. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27008.
Council of Science Editors:
Longing SD. Ecological studies of benthic macroinvertebrates for determining sedimentation impacts in Chattahoochee National Forest streams. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 2006. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27008
Virginia Tech
30.
Kasbohm, John W.
Response of black bears to gypsy moth infestation in Shenandoah National Park, Virginia.
Degree: PhD, Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences, 1994, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39530
► The effects of gypsy moth infestation on the Shenandoah National Park (SNP) black bear population and habitat were studied during 1985 - 1991 by comparing…
(more)
▼ The effects of gypsy moth infestation on the Shenandoah National Park (SNP) black
bear population and habitat were studied during 1985 - 1991 by comparing radio
telemetry, population, and behavioral data from preinfestation years (1982 - 1986) and
years with extensive defoliation (1987 - 1991). Gypsy moth defoliation (> 60% canopy
loss) increased from 546 ha in 1986 (1 % of the study area), to 2,304 ha in 1987 (4%),
6,227 ha in 1988 (12%), and 17,736 ha in 1989 (34%). Chestnut oak and red oak habitat
types received the greatest defoliation; 60% and 45% of these habitat types suffered
greater than 60 % canopy loss in the North and Central Districts, respectively. Infestation
resulted in a 99% reduction in acorn production in defoliated stands. Maximum daily
temperatures 0.5 m above the ground in defoliated stands averaged 4.7 ± 0.3 C, 4.3 ±
0.4 C, and 2.5 ± 0.3 C warmer (P < 0.01) than in nondefoliated stands during peak
defoliation, refoliation, and post-refoliation periods, respectively.
Bear
Advisors/Committee Members: Vaughan, Michael R. (committeechair), Kirkpatrick, Roy L. (committee member), Scanlon, Patrick F. (committee member), Stauffer, Dean F. (committee member), Voshell, J. Reese Jr. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Gypsy moth; LD5655.V856 1994.K373
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APA (6th Edition):
Kasbohm, J. W. (1994). Response of black bears to gypsy moth infestation in Shenandoah National Park, Virginia. (Doctoral Dissertation). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39530
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Kasbohm, John W. “Response of black bears to gypsy moth infestation in Shenandoah National Park, Virginia.” 1994. Doctoral Dissertation, Virginia Tech. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39530.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Kasbohm, John W. “Response of black bears to gypsy moth infestation in Shenandoah National Park, Virginia.” 1994. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Kasbohm JW. Response of black bears to gypsy moth infestation in Shenandoah National Park, Virginia. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 1994. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39530.
Council of Science Editors:
Kasbohm JW. Response of black bears to gypsy moth infestation in Shenandoah National Park, Virginia. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 1994. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39530
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Open Access Theses and Dissertations
