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1.
Honeycutt, Hunter Gibson.
Prenatal Perceptual Experience and Postnatal Perceptual Preferences: Evidence for Attentional-Bias in Perceptual Learning.
Degree: MS, Psychology, 2000, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36148 
► Previous studies have indicated that concurrent multimodal stimulation can interfere with prenatal perceptual learning. However, the nature and extent of this interference is not well…
(more)
▼ Previous studies have indicated that concurrent multimodal stimulation can interfere with prenatal perceptual learning. However, the nature and extent of this interference is not well understood. This study further assessed this issue by exposing three groups of bobwhite quail embryos to (a) no unusual prenatal stimulation, (b) a bobwhite maternal call, or (c) a maternal call + light compound in the period prior to hatching. Experiments differed in terms of the types of stimuli presented during postnatal preference tests (Exp 1 = familiar call vs. unfamiliar call; Exp 2 = familiar compound vs. unfamiliar compound; Exp 3 = familiar compound verses unfamiliar call; Exp 4 = familiar call vs. unfamiliar compound). Embryos receiving no supplemental stimulation showed no preference between stimulus events in all testing conditions. Embryos receiving exposure to a unimodal call preferred the familiar call over the unfamiliar call regardless of the presence or absence of patterned light during testing. Embryos receiving concurrent audio-visual exposure showed no preference between stimulus events in Exp 1 and Exp 4, but did prefer the familiar call when it was paired with light during testing (Exp 2 and 3). These findings suggest that concurrent multimodal stimulation does not interfere with prenatal perceptual learning by overwhelming the young organism's limited attentional capacities. Rather, multimodal biases what information is attended to during exposure and subsequent testing. Results are discussed within an attentional-bias framework, which maintains that young organisms tend to initially process non-redundant compound events as integrative units rather than processing the components of the compound separately.
Advisors/Committee Members: Lickliter, Robert E. (committeechair), Bell, Martha Ann (committee member), Cooper, Robin K. Panneton (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Perceptual Learning; Bobwhite Quail; Intersensory
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APA (6th Edition):
Honeycutt, H. G. (2000). Prenatal Perceptual Experience and Postnatal Perceptual Preferences: Evidence for Attentional-Bias in Perceptual Learning. (Masters Thesis). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36148
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Honeycutt, Hunter Gibson. “Prenatal Perceptual Experience and Postnatal Perceptual Preferences: Evidence for Attentional-Bias in Perceptual Learning.” 2000. Masters Thesis, Virginia Tech. Accessed December 06, 2019.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36148.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Honeycutt, Hunter Gibson. “Prenatal Perceptual Experience and Postnatal Perceptual Preferences: Evidence for Attentional-Bias in Perceptual Learning.” 2000. Web. 06 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Honeycutt HG. Prenatal Perceptual Experience and Postnatal Perceptual Preferences: Evidence for Attentional-Bias in Perceptual Learning. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2000. [cited 2019 Dec 06].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36148.
Council of Science Editors:
Honeycutt HG. Prenatal Perceptual Experience and Postnatal Perceptual Preferences: Evidence for Attentional-Bias in Perceptual Learning. [Masters Thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2000. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36148
Virginia Tech
2.
Holland, Dwight A.
Systems and human factors concerns for long-duration spaceflight.
Degree: MS, Systems Engineering, 1991, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31008
► Long-duration spaceflight poses many challenging technical and non-technical problems that must be addressed. Past experience with long space missions has shown that the medical and…
(more)
▼ Long-duration spaceflight poses many challenging technical
and non-technical problems that must be addressed. Past
experience with long space missions has shown that the medical
and psychological issues in the human factors realm that may
arise are serious enough to require high-level consideration in
the overall systems development process.
An essential aspect of the total systems development process
for long-duration space missions entails the conception of a
variety of countermeasures to combat the degradative effects of
microgravity, isolation and confinement. These effects should be
considered within a larger mission/systems framework. Additional
factors within a broad systems perspective include the notion
that context is an important attribute of the overall system
state and may directly affect the astronauts' psychological
health and the physical ability to perform required tasks.
A review of the literature in the psychosocial and medical
realms is presented as these concerns impact the human factor
within the macro-system goal of successful long-duration
spaceflight mission completion.
Advisors/Committee Members: Kemmerling, Paul T. Jr. (committeechair), Dryden, Robert D. (committee member), Lickliter, Robert E. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Manned space flight; LD5655.V851 1991.H655
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APA (6th Edition):
Holland, D. A. (1991). Systems and human factors concerns for long-duration spaceflight. (Masters Thesis). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31008
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Holland, Dwight A. “Systems and human factors concerns for long-duration spaceflight.” 1991. Masters Thesis, Virginia Tech. Accessed December 06, 2019.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31008.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Holland, Dwight A. “Systems and human factors concerns for long-duration spaceflight.” 1991. Web. 06 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Holland DA. Systems and human factors concerns for long-duration spaceflight. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Virginia Tech; 1991. [cited 2019 Dec 06].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31008.
Council of Science Editors:
Holland DA. Systems and human factors concerns for long-duration spaceflight. [Masters Thesis]. Virginia Tech; 1991. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31008
Virginia Tech
3.
Columbus, Rebecca F.
Modified postnatal social experience alters intersensory development of bobwhite quail chicks.
Degree: MS, Psychology, 1996, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45855
Subjects/Keywords: behavioral plasticity; intersensory development; social experience; LD5655.V855 1996.C658
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APA (6th Edition):
Columbus, R. F. (1996). Modified postnatal social experience alters intersensory development of bobwhite quail chicks. (Masters Thesis). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45855
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Columbus, Rebecca F. “Modified postnatal social experience alters intersensory development of bobwhite quail chicks.” 1996. Masters Thesis, Virginia Tech. Accessed December 06, 2019.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45855.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Columbus, Rebecca F. “Modified postnatal social experience alters intersensory development of bobwhite quail chicks.” 1996. Web. 06 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Columbus RF. Modified postnatal social experience alters intersensory development of bobwhite quail chicks. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Virginia Tech; 1996. [cited 2019 Dec 06].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45855.
Council of Science Editors:
Columbus RF. Modified postnatal social experience alters intersensory development of bobwhite quail chicks. [Masters Thesis]. Virginia Tech; 1996. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45855
Virginia Tech
4.
McCartney, Jason.
Four-Month-Olds Do Not Prefer But Can Discriminate Infant Directed and Adult Directed Pitch Contours.
Degree: MS, Psychology, 2003, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/11270
► The purpose of the present study was to investigate the role of pitch contours in directing infant attention to adult speech. Several studies have shown…
(more)
▼ The purpose of the present study was to investigate the role of pitch contours in directing infant attention to adult speech. Several studies have shown that infants from a few days old to 9 months of age prefer infant-directed (ID) over adult-directed (AD) speech. Moreover, 4-month-olds have been shown to prefer pitch contours that simulate ID speech, suggesting that the exaggerated pitch contours are necessary for infant attention. The current study investigated this attentional preference utilizing ID and AD pitch contours in a fixation-based preference procedure. Results from the first experiment failed to show a similar preference for the ID pitch contours. Because a lack of preference could have been due to a failure to discriminate, a habituation study was also conducted. The results from the second experiment showed that 4-month-olds can discriminate the ID and AD pitch contours. From these results, it is argued that the pitch contour may be but one of many possible prosodic characteristics that attract infant attention and this attention may occur only within a language context. It is suggested that future studies investigate ID speech using a more context-dependent procedure, where natural or more complete speech samples are utilized.
Advisors/Committee Members: Cooper, Robin K. Panneton (committeechair), Lickliter, Robert E. (committee member), Hauenstein, Neil M. A. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Pitch Contours; Discrimination; Infancy; Preference; Infant Directed Speech
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APA (6th Edition):
McCartney, J. (2003). Four-Month-Olds Do Not Prefer But Can Discriminate Infant Directed and Adult Directed Pitch Contours. (Masters Thesis). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/11270
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
McCartney, Jason. “Four-Month-Olds Do Not Prefer But Can Discriminate Infant Directed and Adult Directed Pitch Contours.” 2003. Masters Thesis, Virginia Tech. Accessed December 06, 2019.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/11270.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
McCartney, Jason. “Four-Month-Olds Do Not Prefer But Can Discriminate Infant Directed and Adult Directed Pitch Contours.” 2003. Web. 06 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
McCartney J. Four-Month-Olds Do Not Prefer But Can Discriminate Infant Directed and Adult Directed Pitch Contours. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2003. [cited 2019 Dec 06].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/11270.
Council of Science Editors:
McCartney J. Four-Month-Olds Do Not Prefer But Can Discriminate Infant Directed and Adult Directed Pitch Contours. [Masters Thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2003. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/11270
Virginia Tech
5.
Banker, Heather L.
Effects of early and delayed visual experience on intersensory functioning in bobwhite quail chicks.
Degree: MS, Psychology, 1991, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/44139
► The issue of the relative importance of early vs. delayed experience to behavioral development has proven to be a difficult one to address empirically. I…
(more)
▼ The issue of the relative importance of early vs. delayed experience to behavioral development has proven to be a difficult one to address empirically. I focused on this issue by manipulating the timing of the onset of visual experience of avian embryos and hatchlings. Normally reared bobwhite quail chicks are known to require only maternal
auditory cues to direct their social preferences in the first days following hatching. However, by 3 days following hatching quail chicks require both auditory and visual cues to direct their social preferences. In contrast, birds which have received unusually early visual experience as embryos require both auditory and visual cues on the day following hatching, indicating an accelerated pattern of the emergence of this type of early intersensory functioning.
Hatchlings reared under conditions of delayed visual experience (deprivation) continue to rely on maternal auditory cues alone up to 4 days following hatching, and do not demonstrate a preference for combined audio-visual cues, indicating a decelerated pattern of the emergence of this type of early intersensory functioning. Here I report that quail chicks that received both early visual experience as embryos and delayed visual experience as hatchlings exhibit a pattern of intersensory functioning similar to that seen in normally reared chicks. That is, they do not require combined auditory and visual cues to direct their social
preferences until 3 days following hatching. These results indicate that, at least under the present experimental conditions, the influence of early and delayed visual experience on the development of intersensory functioning is essentially equivalent. These findings are discussed in terms of the role of timing of sensory experience in early perceptual organization.
Advisors/Committee Members: Lickliter, Robert E. (committeechair), Cooper, Robin K. Panneton (committee member), Zeskind, Philip Sanford (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Visual learning; LD5655.V855 1991.B365
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APA (6th Edition):
Banker, H. L. (1991). Effects of early and delayed visual experience on intersensory functioning in bobwhite quail chicks. (Masters Thesis). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/44139
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Banker, Heather L. “Effects of early and delayed visual experience on intersensory functioning in bobwhite quail chicks.” 1991. Masters Thesis, Virginia Tech. Accessed December 06, 2019.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/44139.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Banker, Heather L. “Effects of early and delayed visual experience on intersensory functioning in bobwhite quail chicks.” 1991. Web. 06 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Banker HL. Effects of early and delayed visual experience on intersensory functioning in bobwhite quail chicks. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Virginia Tech; 1991. [cited 2019 Dec 06].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/44139.
Council of Science Editors:
Banker HL. Effects of early and delayed visual experience on intersensory functioning in bobwhite quail chicks. [Masters Thesis]. Virginia Tech; 1991. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/44139
Virginia Tech
6.
Virkar, Pratima.
Auditory and visual determinants of maternal preference in bobwhite quail neonates.
Degree: MS, Psychology, 1988, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43298
► Imprinting studies have traditionally stressed the importance of visual features in the formation of early postnatal attachments. However, recent studies by Johnston & Gottlieb (1981,…
(more)
▼ Imprinting studies have traditionally stressed the importance of
visual features in the formation of early postnatal attachments.
However, recent studies by Johnston & Gottlieb (1981, 1985) have
demonstrated that visually imprinted preferences can be altered by
the maternal call. Thus, in the present study the interaction between
natural visual and auditory stimulation in the control of filial behavior
was examined in bobwhite quail chicks during the first 4 days of
postnatal life.
Previous research has revealed that bobwhite quail hatchlings
are differentially responsive to their species-specific maternal call in
the period right before and immediately following hatching (Heaton,
Miller & Goodwin, 1978). Results from this study indicate that quail
chicks begin to lose this naive preference for their maternal call over a
non-conspecific call (a domestic chicken maternal call) by 72 hrs
following hatch, and do not respond to either the bobwhite call or
chicken call by 96 hrs following hatch. However, differential
responsiveness to the bobwhite call can be reinstated in bobwhite
chicks at 72 hrs and 96 firs following hatching if the birds are provided with integrated audiovisual stimulation (i.
e., a quail hen model emitting
the maternal call). These results suggest that in the initial stages of
postnatal development, species identification in bobwhite quail is based
primarily on the auditory component of maternal stimulation. Later in
development, combined auditory and visual stimulation appears
necessary to control species-specific filial behavior despite the fact that
auditory cues remain dominant over visual cues.
These findings conform well to what is known about the
neuroembryological development of sensory systems, in that the
auditory system of birds (and mammals) develops in advance of the
visual system. This prenatal sequence of sensory system development
appears to influence the sequence of early postnatal perceptual
preferences in precocial avian neonates.
Advisors/Committee Members: Lickliter, Robert E. (committeechair), Zeskind, Philip Sanford (committee member), Franchina, Joseph J. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Postnatal care; LD5655.V855 1988.V574
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APA (6th Edition):
Virkar, P. (1988). Auditory and visual determinants of maternal preference in bobwhite quail neonates. (Masters Thesis). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43298
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Virkar, Pratima. “Auditory and visual determinants of maternal preference in bobwhite quail neonates.” 1988. Masters Thesis, Virginia Tech. Accessed December 06, 2019.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43298.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Virkar, Pratima. “Auditory and visual determinants of maternal preference in bobwhite quail neonates.” 1988. Web. 06 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Virkar P. Auditory and visual determinants of maternal preference in bobwhite quail neonates. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Virginia Tech; 1988. [cited 2019 Dec 06].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43298.
Council of Science Editors:
Virkar P. Auditory and visual determinants of maternal preference in bobwhite quail neonates. [Masters Thesis]. Virginia Tech; 1988. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43298
Virginia Tech
7.
McCusker, Matthew Erik.
Investigation of the Effects of Social Experience on Snapping Intensity in Equus caballus Foals.
Degree: MS, Psychology, 2003, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31672
► This study attempted to examine three aspects of Equus caballus foal snapping behavior. First, it suggested that the previous theoretical explanation for snapping established by…
(more)
▼ This study attempted to examine three aspects of Equus caballus foal snapping behavior. First, it suggested that the previous theoretical explanation for snapping established by behavioral researchers was incorrect. Second, as a means of suggesting an alternative hypothesis, this study proposed that snapping behavior could be a modified play response that was elicited when foals were confused by the complex social signals displayed by conspecifics. Finally, this project tested the aforementioned hypothesis by recording interactions between foals and conspecifics and analyzing the snapping intensity with each subjectâ s previous level of social experience. There were two indicators utilized to establish social experience. First, the â ageâ of the foal was employed as a measure of overall life experience and development. Second, the number of hours per day the foal was exposed to conspecifics gave an effective measure of the amount of time the subject had an opportunity to learn the complex Equine visual communication (referred to as â out-timeâ ).
Advisors/Committee Members: Lickliter, Robert E. (committeechair), Prestrude, Albert M. (committee member), Hoffman, Kurt A. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: horse behavior; snapping; behavioral development; foal behavior; submission; dominance
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APA (6th Edition):
McCusker, M. E. (2003). Investigation of the Effects of Social Experience on Snapping Intensity in Equus caballus Foals. (Masters Thesis). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31672
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
McCusker, Matthew Erik. “Investigation of the Effects of Social Experience on Snapping Intensity in Equus caballus Foals.” 2003. Masters Thesis, Virginia Tech. Accessed December 06, 2019.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31672.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
McCusker, Matthew Erik. “Investigation of the Effects of Social Experience on Snapping Intensity in Equus caballus Foals.” 2003. Web. 06 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
McCusker ME. Investigation of the Effects of Social Experience on Snapping Intensity in Equus caballus Foals. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2003. [cited 2019 Dec 06].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31672.
Council of Science Editors:
McCusker ME. Investigation of the Effects of Social Experience on Snapping Intensity in Equus caballus Foals. [Masters Thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2003. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31672
Virginia Tech
8.
Casey, Michael Bernard.
Social context affects behavioral responsiveness to maternal alarm calls in Bobwhite quail chicks.
Degree: MS, Psychology, 1992, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42465
Subjects/Keywords: Parental behavior in animals; LD5655.V855 1992.C3829
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APA (6th Edition):
Casey, M. B. (1992). Social context affects behavioral responsiveness to maternal alarm calls in Bobwhite quail chicks. (Masters Thesis). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42465
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Casey, Michael Bernard. “Social context affects behavioral responsiveness to maternal alarm calls in Bobwhite quail chicks.” 1992. Masters Thesis, Virginia Tech. Accessed December 06, 2019.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42465.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Casey, Michael Bernard. “Social context affects behavioral responsiveness to maternal alarm calls in Bobwhite quail chicks.” 1992. Web. 06 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Casey MB. Social context affects behavioral responsiveness to maternal alarm calls in Bobwhite quail chicks. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Virginia Tech; 1992. [cited 2019 Dec 06].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42465.
Council of Science Editors:
Casey MB. Social context affects behavioral responsiveness to maternal alarm calls in Bobwhite quail chicks. [Masters Thesis]. Virginia Tech; 1992. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42465
Virginia Tech
9.
Demaree, Heath Allan.
Analysis of Quantitative Electroencephalographic and Cardiovascular Responses to Stress Amoung Low- and High-Hostiles.
Degree: PhD, Psychology, 1997, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30334
► This experiment was primarily designed to identify higher cortical correlates of cardiovascular arousal. Low- and high-hostile, right-handed, undergraduate men were identified using the Cook Medley…
(more)
▼ This experiment was primarily designed to identify higher cortical correlates of cardiovascular arousal. Low- and high-hostile, right-handed, undergraduate men were identified using the Cook Medley Hostility Scale (CMHS). All participants (N = 30) completed the cold pressor paradigm. Cardiovascular (heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure) and electroencephalographic (beta magnitude) data were collected before and after the stressor.
As predicted, high-hostiles showed greater increases of heart rate and systolic blood pressure to the stressor relative to low-hostiles. The primary findings of this research include significantly greater beta magnitude recorded by the T3, relative to F7, electrode among low-hostiles. This may suggest that low-hostiles experience left-frontal disinhibition of left-temporal regions, thereby strengthening cardiovascular regulation during the cold-pressor stress. In addition, irrespective of condition, high-hostiles evidenced significantly greater beta magnitude at regions corresponding to the F7 and F8 electrodes. This perhaps suggests that high-hostiles have a relative inability to increase their rostral modulation of posterior systems related to cardiovascular activity/regulation.
Low- and high-hostiles did not, however, evidence reliable differences in their ability to monitor cardiovascular arousal to the cold-pressor stress. Findings are discussed in terms of a systems approach, and pertinent future research is recommended.
This research did not support the prominent neuropsychological theories of cardiovascular regulation proposed by Heilman et al. (1993) and Tucker and Williamson (1984). Rather, the results may suggest that right- and left-cerebral mechanisms may be primarily responsible for sympathetic and parasympathetic cardiovascular arousal, respectively.
Advisors/Committee Members: Harrison, David W. (committeechair), Cooper, Robin K. Panneton (committee member), Eisler, Richard M. (committee member), Lickliter, Robert E. (committee member), Ollendick, Thomas H. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: aggression; cerebral laterality; arousal; cerebral asymmetry; heart rate; cardiovascular disease; blood pressure
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APA (6th Edition):
Demaree, H. A. (1997). Analysis of Quantitative Electroencephalographic and Cardiovascular Responses to Stress Amoung Low- and High-Hostiles. (Doctoral Dissertation). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30334
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Demaree, Heath Allan. “Analysis of Quantitative Electroencephalographic and Cardiovascular Responses to Stress Amoung Low- and High-Hostiles.” 1997. Doctoral Dissertation, Virginia Tech. Accessed December 06, 2019.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30334.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Demaree, Heath Allan. “Analysis of Quantitative Electroencephalographic and Cardiovascular Responses to Stress Amoung Low- and High-Hostiles.” 1997. Web. 06 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Demaree HA. Analysis of Quantitative Electroencephalographic and Cardiovascular Responses to Stress Amoung Low- and High-Hostiles. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 1997. [cited 2019 Dec 06].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30334.
Council of Science Editors:
Demaree HA. Analysis of Quantitative Electroencephalographic and Cardiovascular Responses to Stress Amoung Low- and High-Hostiles. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 1997. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30334
Virginia Tech
10.
Reynolds, Gregory Durelle.
Effects of Prenatal Sensory-Evoked Arousal on Postnatal Behavior and Perceptual Responsiveness in Bobwhite Quail (Colinus virginianus).
Degree: PhD, Psychology, 2002, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27556
► Prenatal sensory stimulation can have facilitative or interfering effects upon subsequent perceptual learning and development in bobwhite quail. Exposure to moderate amounts of unimodal prenatal…
(more)
▼ Prenatal sensory stimulation can have facilitative or interfering effects upon subsequent perceptual learning and development in bobwhite quail. Exposure to moderate amounts of unimodal prenatal sensory stimulation has been shown to accelerate early intersensory responsiveness, while exposure to concurrent prenatal bimodal sensory stimulation has been shown to interfere with perceptual learning and development. An immediate mechanism that may underlie this developmental intersensory interference is the arousal level of the organism associated with exposure to prenatal bimodal stimulation. Concurrent bimodal stimulation is known to elicit significantly higher levels of behavioral arousal and heart rate in bobwhite quail embryos. This study investigated the possibility that increased arousal associated with prenatal bimodal stimulation could have enduring effects upon subsequent postnatal behavioral organization and perceptual abilities in bobwhite quail.
Subjects were exposed to one of three prenatal stimulation regimes: (a) concurrent bimodal (auditory/visual) stimulation, (b) unimodal auditory stimulation, or (c) no supplemental stimulation. Chicks exposed to concurrent prenatal bimodal stimulation demonstrated significantly greater levels of behavioral activity as well as decreased social behavior in the open-field when compared to unimodal auditory subjects and controls. Additionally, prenatal bimodal exposure may have led to a failure to utilize multimodal maternal cues in determining species-specific perceptual preferences in the days following hatching. All exposure groups demonstrated postnatal auditory learning of a maternal call, thus no interference effect was found for concurrent prenatal bimodal stimulation on postnatal auditory learning. These results suggest that concurrent prenatal bimodal stimulation has enduring effects upon postnatal behavioral arousal that may impact perceptual responsiveness of bobwhite quail in the days following hatching.
Advisors/Committee Members: Lickliter, Robert E. (committeechair), Harrison, David W. (committee member), Bell, Martha Ann (committee member), Hoffman, Kurt A. (committee member), Cooper, Robin K. Panneton (committeecochair).
Subjects/Keywords: bobwhite quail; perceptual development; behavioral arousal
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APA (6th Edition):
Reynolds, G. D. (2002). Effects of Prenatal Sensory-Evoked Arousal on Postnatal Behavior and Perceptual Responsiveness in Bobwhite Quail (Colinus virginianus). (Doctoral Dissertation). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27556
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Reynolds, Gregory Durelle. “Effects of Prenatal Sensory-Evoked Arousal on Postnatal Behavior and Perceptual Responsiveness in Bobwhite Quail (Colinus virginianus).” 2002. Doctoral Dissertation, Virginia Tech. Accessed December 06, 2019.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27556.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Reynolds, Gregory Durelle. “Effects of Prenatal Sensory-Evoked Arousal on Postnatal Behavior and Perceptual Responsiveness in Bobwhite Quail (Colinus virginianus).” 2002. Web. 06 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Reynolds GD. Effects of Prenatal Sensory-Evoked Arousal on Postnatal Behavior and Perceptual Responsiveness in Bobwhite Quail (Colinus virginianus). [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 2002. [cited 2019 Dec 06].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27556.
Council of Science Editors:
Reynolds GD. Effects of Prenatal Sensory-Evoked Arousal on Postnatal Behavior and Perceptual Responsiveness in Bobwhite Quail (Colinus virginianus). [Doctoral Dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 2002. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27556
Virginia Tech
11.
Strunk, Pia Christina.
Effects of Auditory Stimulation in Low and High Light Conditions on Behavioral and State Organization in Preterm Infants.
Degree: PhD, Psychology, 2001, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27587
► The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of multi-modal stimulation (differing amounts of light and vocal stimulation) on preterm infantsâ behavioral and…
(more)
▼ The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of multi-modal stimulation (differing amounts of light and vocal stimulation) on preterm infantsâ behavioral and state organization. Specifically, we looked at the effects that supplemental vocal stimulation (taped female voice) had when varied in amount of exposure (three times a day versus once a day) and when provided in different lighting conditions (â typical illuminationâ versus â decreased illumination). Forty infants were placed in one of four groups: Standard Illumination/High Voice (SIHV), Standard Illumination /Low Voice (SILV), Decreased Illumination/High Voice (DIHV) and Decreased Illumination/Low Voice (DILV). Infants receiving standard illumination were exposed to the vocal stimulus in standard NICU lighting conditions (approximately 20 lux), whereas infants in the â lowâ lighting conditions were exposed to the stimulus in darkened conditions (approximately 3 lux). Infants receiving high vocal stimulation listened to a taped female voice three times a day, whereas infants receiving low vocal stimulation were exposed to the voice only once a day. Each infant received 10 minutes of exposure per session over five consecutive days. Infants were videotaped in their incubator for 10 minutes before, during, and after the stimulus exposure (total of 30 minutes) for each day. The videotapes were then scored on the infantâ s frequency of stress related behaviors and self-regulatory behaviors before, during, and after the stimulus for each day. Results indicated that both lighting levels and vocal stimulation altered preterm infantsâ stress and self-regulatory behaviors, and that these effects were dependent on both the day and the stimulus condition the infant was in. In addition, the vocal stimulation and lighting levels had an effect on the states that infants exhibited during and after the presentation of stimulation. These results suggest that the occurrence of different types and amounts of stimulation have an effect on behavioral organization of the preterm infant, and these effects are highly dependent on both history and context in which this stimulation is presented
Advisors/Committee Members: Lickliter, Robert E. (committeechair), Cooper, Robin K. Panneton (committee member), Marshall-Baker, Anna (committee member), Finney, Jack W. (committee member), Bell, Martha Ann (committeecochair).
Subjects/Keywords: auditory stimulation; pretern infants; lighting
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APA (6th Edition):
Strunk, P. C. (2001). Effects of Auditory Stimulation in Low and High Light Conditions on Behavioral and State Organization in Preterm Infants. (Doctoral Dissertation). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27587
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Strunk, Pia Christina. “Effects of Auditory Stimulation in Low and High Light Conditions on Behavioral and State Organization in Preterm Infants.” 2001. Doctoral Dissertation, Virginia Tech. Accessed December 06, 2019.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27587.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Strunk, Pia Christina. “Effects of Auditory Stimulation in Low and High Light Conditions on Behavioral and State Organization in Preterm Infants.” 2001. Web. 06 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Strunk PC. Effects of Auditory Stimulation in Low and High Light Conditions on Behavioral and State Organization in Preterm Infants. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 2001. [cited 2019 Dec 06].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27587.
Council of Science Editors:
Strunk PC. Effects of Auditory Stimulation in Low and High Light Conditions on Behavioral and State Organization in Preterm Infants. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 2001. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27587
Virginia Tech
12.
Honeycutt, Hunter Gibson.
The Influence of Enhanced Tactile and Vestibular Sensory Stimulation on Subsequent Auditory and Visual Responsiveness: A Matter of Timing.
Degree: PhD, Psychology, 2002, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27607
► The fact that sensory modalities do not become functional at the same time raises the question of how sensory systems and their particular experiential histories…
(more)
▼ The fact that sensory modalities do not become functional at the same time raises the question of how sensory systems and their particular experiential histories might influence one another. Few studies have addressed how modified stimulation to earlier-emerging modalities might influence the functioning of relatively later-developing modalities. Previous findings have shown that enhanced prenatal tactile and vestibular (proximal) stimulation extended and delayed normal patterns of auditory and visual responsiveness to species-typical maternal cues in bobwhite quail respectively. Although these results were attributed to the increased amount of sensory stimulation, these results may be a function of when prenatal augmented proximal exposure took place. To address this issue the present study exposed groups of bobwhite quail embryos to equivalent amounts of augmented tactile and vestibular stimulation either at a time when a later-emerging modality (auditory or visual) was beginning to functionally emerge or when it had already functionally emerged. Results indicate that differences in the timing of augmented tactile and vestibular stimulation led to differences in subsequent auditory and visual responsiveness. Embryos were unable to learn a maternal call prior to hatching when enhanced proximal stimulation coincided with auditory functional emergence implicating a deficit in auditory functioning, but did learn a maternal call when enhanced proximal stimulation occurred after auditory functional emergence. Augmented proximal stimulation that coincided with visual functional emergence did not appear to influence normal visual responsiveness, but when proximal stimulation occurred after visual emergence, chicks displayed an accelerated approach response to species-typical visual cues. These findings support the view that the timing of enhanced stimulation to earlier-emerging modalities is important, and have meaningful implications for intersensory theory and research.
Advisors/Committee Members: Lickliter, Robert E. (committeechair), Bell, Martha Ann (committee member), Burian, Richard M. (committee member), Hoffman, Kurt A. (committee member), Cooper, Robin K. Panneton (committeecochair).
Subjects/Keywords: intersensory; perceptual development; tactile and vestibular; bobwhite quail
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APA (6th Edition):
Honeycutt, H. G. (2002). The Influence of Enhanced Tactile and Vestibular Sensory Stimulation on Subsequent Auditory and Visual Responsiveness: A Matter of Timing. (Doctoral Dissertation). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27607
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Honeycutt, Hunter Gibson. “The Influence of Enhanced Tactile and Vestibular Sensory Stimulation on Subsequent Auditory and Visual Responsiveness: A Matter of Timing.” 2002. Doctoral Dissertation, Virginia Tech. Accessed December 06, 2019.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27607.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Honeycutt, Hunter Gibson. “The Influence of Enhanced Tactile and Vestibular Sensory Stimulation on Subsequent Auditory and Visual Responsiveness: A Matter of Timing.” 2002. Web. 06 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Honeycutt HG. The Influence of Enhanced Tactile and Vestibular Sensory Stimulation on Subsequent Auditory and Visual Responsiveness: A Matter of Timing. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 2002. [cited 2019 Dec 06].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27607.
Council of Science Editors:
Honeycutt HG. The Influence of Enhanced Tactile and Vestibular Sensory Stimulation on Subsequent Auditory and Visual Responsiveness: A Matter of Timing. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 2002. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27607
Virginia Tech
13.
Ostroff, Wendy Louise.
Non-linguistic Influences on Infants' Nonnative Phoneme Perception: Exaggerated prosody and Visual Speech Information Aid Discrimination.
Degree: PhD, Psychology, 2000, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27640
► Research indicates that infants lose the capacity to perceive distinctions in nonnative sounds as they become sensitive to the speech sounds of their native language…
(more)
▼ Research indicates that infants lose the capacity to perceive distinctions in nonnative sounds as they become sensitive to the speech sounds of their native language (i.
e., by 10- to 12-months of age). However, investigations into the decline in nonnative phonetic perception have neglected to examine the role of non-linguistic information. Exaggerated prosodic intonation and facial input are prominent in the infantsâ language-learning environment, and both have been shown to ease the task of speech perception. The current investigation was designed to examine the impact of infant-directed (ID) speech and facial input on infantsâ ability to discriminate phonemes that do not contrast in their native language. Specifically, 11-month-old infants were tested for discrimination of both a native phoneme contrast and a nonnative phoneme contrast across four conditions, including an auditory manipulation (ID speech vs. AD speech) and a visual manipulation (Face vs. Geometric Form). The results indicated that infants could discriminate the native phonemes across any of the four conditions. Furthermore, the infants could discriminate the nonnative phonemes if they had enhanced auditory and visual information available to them (i.
e., if they were presented in ID speech with a synchronous facial display), and if the nonnative discrimination task was the infantsâ first test session. These results suggest that infants do not lose the capacity to discriminate nonnative phonemes by the end of the first postnatal year, but that they rely on certain language-relevant and non-linguistic sources of information to discriminate nonnative sounds.
Advisors/Committee Members: Cooper, Robin K. Panneton (committeechair), Franchina, Joseph J. (committee member), Lickliter, Robert E. (committee member), Finney, Jack W. (committee member), Bell, Martha Ann (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Speech Perception; Infant Language Learning; Phoneme Perception
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APA (6th Edition):
Ostroff, W. L. (2000). Non-linguistic Influences on Infants' Nonnative Phoneme Perception: Exaggerated prosody and Visual Speech Information Aid Discrimination. (Doctoral Dissertation). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27640
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Ostroff, Wendy Louise. “Non-linguistic Influences on Infants' Nonnative Phoneme Perception: Exaggerated prosody and Visual Speech Information Aid Discrimination.” 2000. Doctoral Dissertation, Virginia Tech. Accessed December 06, 2019.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27640.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Ostroff, Wendy Louise. “Non-linguistic Influences on Infants' Nonnative Phoneme Perception: Exaggerated prosody and Visual Speech Information Aid Discrimination.” 2000. Web. 06 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Ostroff WL. Non-linguistic Influences on Infants' Nonnative Phoneme Perception: Exaggerated prosody and Visual Speech Information Aid Discrimination. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 2000. [cited 2019 Dec 06].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27640.
Council of Science Editors:
Ostroff WL. Non-linguistic Influences on Infants' Nonnative Phoneme Perception: Exaggerated prosody and Visual Speech Information Aid Discrimination. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 2000. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27640
Virginia Tech
14.
Johnson, Lera Joyce.
Effects of novel ingesta from novel presenters on food acceptance in infants of different ages.
Degree: PhD, Developmental Psychology, 1993, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40068
► The present study investigated food acceptance/ingestional neophobia as a function of distal and proximal sources of stimulus novelty in human infants of two ages and…
(more)
▼ The present study investigated food acceptance/ingestional neophobia as a function of distal and proximal sources of stimulus novelty in human infants of two ages and evaluated the utility of the two-stage model of ingestion (
e.g., Garcia, Hankins, & Rusiniak, 1974) in understanding the role of novel cues in food acceptance.
Thirty-two infants (6- to 12-months-of-age) and 32 toddlers (13- to 24-months-of-age) received a familiar or a novel food from a familiar or a novel presenter during lunchtime at a day care center. The measures of performance were latency to the first and second bites, percentage frequencies of gustofacial expressions, behavioral indices of food rejection, such as spitting out the food, pushing the food away and upper body flexion, and percentage intake.
Reliably longer latencies occurred to the novel than to the familiar presenter on first and second bites for both age groups. No reliable effects were found to the appearance of the novel food on latencies to the first bite or to the taste cues of the novel food on latencies to the second bite for either age group. Combinations of novel presenter and novel food cues did not produce reliably longer latencies to the second bite than did mixed combinations of novel/familiar cues. However, infants, but not toddlers, showed reliably longer latencies to the novel than to the familiar presenter in the novel food condition prior to the second bite. No reliable age differences were observed in negative gustofacial responses to novel foods.
Latencies to the first and second bites were reliably correlated with percentage intake and behavioral indices of aversiveness such as upper body flexion and pushing the food away. These data suggested that demonstration of neophobia may be an indication of aversiveness of novelty.
Finding that ingestional neophobia occurred to novel presenter cues supported the view of the two-stage model that distal cues influence approach behavior and the start of ingestion. However, the model was net supported by data for the second bite. Failure to find reliable effects to food cues in latencies to the second bite did net support the view that proximal food cues influence the continuation of ingestion. The prediction for greater neophobia to combinations of novel cues was not supported. Reliable differences in latencies to the second bite for infants, but not for toddlers, who received a novel food from a novel presenter suggest developmental differences in ingestional neophobia.
Advisors/Committee Members: Franchina, Joseph J. (committeechair), Lickliter, Robert E. (committee member), Sherman, Thomas M. (committee member), Cooper, Robin K. Panneton (committee member), Harrison, David W. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Infant psychology; Ingestion disorders in infants; Food Psychological aspects.; LD5655.V856 1993.J646
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APA (6th Edition):
Johnson, L. J. (1993). Effects of novel ingesta from novel presenters on food acceptance in infants of different ages. (Doctoral Dissertation). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40068
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Johnson, Lera Joyce. “Effects of novel ingesta from novel presenters on food acceptance in infants of different ages.” 1993. Doctoral Dissertation, Virginia Tech. Accessed December 06, 2019.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40068.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Johnson, Lera Joyce. “Effects of novel ingesta from novel presenters on food acceptance in infants of different ages.” 1993. Web. 06 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Johnson LJ. Effects of novel ingesta from novel presenters on food acceptance in infants of different ages. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 1993. [cited 2019 Dec 06].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40068.
Council of Science Editors:
Johnson LJ. Effects of novel ingesta from novel presenters on food acceptance in infants of different ages. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 1993. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40068
Virginia Tech
15.
Baird, Brenda Ratcliff.
EEG activation patterns in the frontal lobes of stutterers and nonstutterers during working memory tasks.
Degree: PhD, Psychology, 1996, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40327
► Developmental stuttering is a physiological disorder of speech motor control. Unlike acquired conditions, developmental stuttering is responsive to fluency-inducing conditions involving the manipulation or elimination…
(more)
▼ Developmental stuttering is a physiological disorder of speech motor control. Unlike acquired conditions, developmental stuttering is responsive to fluency-inducing conditions involving the manipulation or elimination of auditory feedback. It was hypothesized that stutterers experience interference effects from competing sensory
feedback during the working memory interval in which contextual information is held on-line in order to prepare subsequent motor responses. Behavior and EEG activity of stutterers and non stutterers were compared during working memory tasks.
Participants were 22 male, right-handed stutterers, mean age 28.2 years, age matched with 22 male, right-handed nonstutterers. Behavioral measures included a written verbal fluency task, an auditory delayed match-to-sample key press task, and a written digit span task. As hypothesized, there were no group differences in verbal
fluency. Also as hypothesized, stutterers had higher error scores (more false positives) on the auditory delayed match-to-sample key press task. This suggests increased sensitivity to auditory stimuli and difficulty inhibiting response to stimulation. Groups did not differ in digit span, but there was a trend toward significance (p=.07).
If stutterers do experience overlapping or excessive sensory stimulation during the working memory phase of speech motor plan assembly, the EEG of stutterers should evidence differences consistent with excessive or inefficient processing of "extra" sensory stimuli. Monopolar recordings were collected from 19 sites in accordance with the international 10-20 system of electrode placement. EEG was recorded during 60
seconds of resting-eyes-closed and resting-eyes-open~ 60 seconds during a silent backwards-subtraction math task; 120 seconds during an auditory delayed match-to-sample key press task.
As hypothesized, stutterers exhibited more theta activity than nonstutterers in frontal regions in all conditions, both in the low theta subband (3-5 Hz) and the high theta subband (5.5-7.5 Hz). Also as hypothesized, stutterers produced more alpha activity in the low alpha subband (8-10 Hz) in frontal regions in all conditions. There were no group differences in the high alpha subband (10.5-13 Hz). There were no hemispheric differences in frontal regions. Increased cortical activity and inl;;reased sensitivity to stimuli support the proposed hypothesis that stutterers experience excess sensory stimulation while attempting motor plan assembly, suggestive of stuttering as a disorder
of attention.
Advisors/Committee Members: Crawford, Helen J. (committeechair), Harrison, David W. (committee member), Lickliter, Robert E. (committee member), Prestrude, Albert M. (committee member), Sturgis, Ellie T. (committee member), Webster, Ronald (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: frontal lobes; stuttering; EEG; working memory; LD5655.V856 1996.B352
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APA (6th Edition):
Baird, B. R. (1996). EEG activation patterns in the frontal lobes of stutterers and nonstutterers during working memory tasks. (Doctoral Dissertation). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40327
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Baird, Brenda Ratcliff. “EEG activation patterns in the frontal lobes of stutterers and nonstutterers during working memory tasks.” 1996. Doctoral Dissertation, Virginia Tech. Accessed December 06, 2019.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40327.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Baird, Brenda Ratcliff. “EEG activation patterns in the frontal lobes of stutterers and nonstutterers during working memory tasks.” 1996. Web. 06 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Baird BR. EEG activation patterns in the frontal lobes of stutterers and nonstutterers during working memory tasks. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 1996. [cited 2019 Dec 06].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40327.
Council of Science Editors:
Baird BR. EEG activation patterns in the frontal lobes of stutterers and nonstutterers during working memory tasks. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 1996. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40327
Virginia Tech
16.
Daleo, Lisa.
Relations Among Adolescent Motherhood, Caregiving Experience, and Perceptual and Caregiving Responses to Infant Cries.
Degree: PhD, Psychology, 1998, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26271
► Prospective analyses suggest that young mothers may not be capable of perceptually discriminating between different infant cry stimuli. The purpose of the present study was…
(more)
▼ Prospective analyses suggest that young mothers may not be capable of perceptually discriminating between different infant cry stimuli. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the perceptual and caregiving responses of adolescent mothers to different infant cry stimuli. Twenty-five primiparous adolescents and 39 nulliparous adolescents listened to segments of three different infant cry types that varied in the amount of high-pitched, hyperphonation contained in the acoustic structure. Participants rated their responses to the low- and high-risk cries on perceptual rating scales, and selected a caregiving behavior in response to these same cries. Analyses of Variance showed that both groups of participants perceived the infant cry segments as more arousing, annoying, distressing, loud, and sick-sounding as the amount of hyperphonation increased across cries. Results also showed that adolescent mothers did not perceive high-risk cries as more arousing, annoying, urgent, loud, and sick-sounding than adolescents who were not mothers. However, primiparous participants perceived hyperphonated and partially-hyperphonated cries as less annoying and less loud than nulliparous adolescents. This study did not find significant differences between primiparous adolescents' and nulliparous adolescents' caregiving experiences. Chi-square analyses indicated no significant differences between the participant groups' caregiving response choice frequencies to all three infant cry types.
Advisors/Committee Members: Lickliter, Robert E. (committeechair), Bell, Martha Ann (committee member), Prestrude, Albert M. (committee member), Cooper, Robin K. Panneton (committee member), Benson, Mark J. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: adolescent mothers; high-risk cries; caregiving responses; Perceptual responses
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APA (6th Edition):
Daleo, L. (1998). Relations Among Adolescent Motherhood, Caregiving Experience, and Perceptual and Caregiving Responses to Infant Cries. (Doctoral Dissertation). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26271
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Daleo, Lisa. “Relations Among Adolescent Motherhood, Caregiving Experience, and Perceptual and Caregiving Responses to Infant Cries.” 1998. Doctoral Dissertation, Virginia Tech. Accessed December 06, 2019.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26271.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Daleo, Lisa. “Relations Among Adolescent Motherhood, Caregiving Experience, and Perceptual and Caregiving Responses to Infant Cries.” 1998. Web. 06 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Daleo L. Relations Among Adolescent Motherhood, Caregiving Experience, and Perceptual and Caregiving Responses to Infant Cries. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 1998. [cited 2019 Dec 06].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26271.
Council of Science Editors:
Daleo L. Relations Among Adolescent Motherhood, Caregiving Experience, and Perceptual and Caregiving Responses to Infant Cries. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 1998. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26271
Virginia Tech
17.
Cooper, Jamie S.
Infant attention to rate of infant directed speech in the context of varying levels of visual stimulation.
Degree: PhD, Psychology, 1999, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/11223
► Past research has found that infants between 1- and 4-months of age prefer extremely slow infant-directed (ID) speech to normal ID speech. Given that previous…
(more)
▼ Past research has found that infants between 1- and 4-months of age prefer extremely slow infant-directed (ID) speech to normal ID speech. Given that previous studies have paired the speech with a visual display, it was thought that perhaps the characteristics of the visual display affected infant preferences for rate of speaking. The present investigation was an attempt to explore this possibility. In Experiment 1, 3- to 4-month old infants were presented with ID-normal and ID-slow speech samples paired with displays of higher and lower complexity. Here, the results showed that infants preferred ID-slow to ID-normal speech regardless of display complexity. The purpose of Experiment 2 was to determine whether infant preference for speaking rate could be affected by structural differences in the visual displays. The same ID-normal and ID-slow speech samples used in Experiment 1 were paired with visual displays that either had components in a face-like or scrambled arrangement. The results of Experiment 2 showed that infants preferred the face-like display over the scrambled display regardless of what speech type was presented (i.
e., there was not preference for ID-slow speech). The results of the study as a whole indicate that young infants prefer ID-slow to ID-normal speech, but that the presence of a face-like image may overshadow this preference. The study as a whole indicates that assertions about the power of ID-slow speech, as well as any auditory event in general, should not fail to address the potential influence of other sensory factors, particularly visual.
Advisors/Committee Members: Cooper, Robin K. Panneton (committeechair), Lickliter, Robert E. (committee member), Finney, Jack W. (committee member), Bell, Martha Ann (committee member), Marshall-Baker, Anna (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: rate of speaking; Infants; visual displays; attention
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APA (6th Edition):
Cooper, J. S. (1999). Infant attention to rate of infant directed speech in the context of varying levels of visual stimulation. (Doctoral Dissertation). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/11223
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Cooper, Jamie S. “Infant attention to rate of infant directed speech in the context of varying levels of visual stimulation.” 1999. Doctoral Dissertation, Virginia Tech. Accessed December 06, 2019.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/11223.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Cooper, Jamie S. “Infant attention to rate of infant directed speech in the context of varying levels of visual stimulation.” 1999. Web. 06 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Cooper JS. Infant attention to rate of infant directed speech in the context of varying levels of visual stimulation. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 1999. [cited 2019 Dec 06].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/11223.
Council of Science Editors:
Cooper JS. Infant attention to rate of infant directed speech in the context of varying levels of visual stimulation. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 1999. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/11223
Virginia Tech
18.
Ward, Cynthia Dione.
The Role of Multisensory Information in Infants' Recognition of their Fathers.
Degree: PhD, Psychology, 1998, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30068
► The present study was designed to investigate the development of infants' recognition of their fathers, specifically examining the role of multisensory information (visual and auditory…
(more)
▼ The present study was designed to investigate the development of infants' recognition of their fathers, specifically examining the role of multisensory information (visual and auditory cues). All infants were 4-months-old and were tested in a visual-fixation preference procedure.
The two measures of interest were attention and affective responsiveness. Preference was measured by the amount of time the infants watched a visual stimulus. In Experiments 1 and 2 this stimulus was the paternal face. In Experiment 2 the paternal face was also accompanied by the paternal voice. In Experiment 3, the stimulus was the maternal face plus voice. Affective responsiveness was coded for hedonic tone, interest and excitement. It was found that infants showed more positive affect towards their fathers' faces (Experiment 1) and faces plus voices (Experiment 2), p < .05. In Experiment 3, results showed that infants preferred their mothers' faces plus voices over an unfamiliar female face plus voice when the first trial was excluded from the analysis, p < .05. These findings not only support the literature on infants' recognition of their mothers, but they also contribute to the increasing body of information on infants and their fathers. The findings are interpreted as supporting the hypothesis that the developmental pattern of father recognition is qualitatively and quantitatively different from that of mother recognition.
Advisors/Committee Members: Cooper, Robin K. Panneton (committeechair), Hauenstein, Neil M. A. (committee member), Lickliter, Robert E. (committee member), Bell, Martha Ann (committee member), Axsom, Danny K. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Infant perception; parent-child relations; Multisensory recognition
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APA (6th Edition):
Ward, C. D. (1998). The Role of Multisensory Information in Infants' Recognition of their Fathers. (Doctoral Dissertation). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30068
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Ward, Cynthia Dione. “The Role of Multisensory Information in Infants' Recognition of their Fathers.” 1998. Doctoral Dissertation, Virginia Tech. Accessed December 06, 2019.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30068.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Ward, Cynthia Dione. “The Role of Multisensory Information in Infants' Recognition of their Fathers.” 1998. Web. 06 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Ward CD. The Role of Multisensory Information in Infants' Recognition of their Fathers. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 1998. [cited 2019 Dec 06].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30068.
Council of Science Editors:
Ward CD. The Role of Multisensory Information in Infants' Recognition of their Fathers. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 1998. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30068
Virginia Tech
19.
McCartney, Jason.
The Ability of Four-Month-Olds to Discriminate Changes in Vocal Information in Multimodal Displays.
Degree: PhD, Psychology, 1999, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37796
► Recent investigations into infantsâ intersensory perception suggest a specific developmental pattern for infantsâ attention to visible and auditory attributes of dynamic human faces. This work…
(more)
▼ Recent investigations into infantsâ intersensory perception suggest a specific developmental pattern for infantsâ attention to visible and auditory attributes of dynamic human faces. This work has proposed that infantsâ perception seems to progress along a sensory continuum: beginning with multimodal sensory cues (
e.g., auditory and visual), then visual-cues alone, and finally auditory-cues alone. Additionally, research has proposed that amodal or invariant sensory information directs infantsâ attention to specific redundant aspects in the surrounding environment (
e.g., temporal synchronicity). The current research attempted to clarify the potential methodological confounds contained in previous investigations into infant intersensory development by contrasting infant behavior within fixed trial and infant-controlled habituation procedures. Moreover, the current research examined infantsâ attention to auditory manipulations within multimodal displays when redundant sensory information (synchronicity) was or was not available.
In Experiment 1, 4-month-old infants were habituated to complex audiovisual displays of a male or female face within an infant controlled habituation procedure, and then tested for response recovery to a change in voice. For half the infants, the change in voice maintained synchronicity with the face, and for the other half, it did not. The results showed significant response recovery (i.
e., dishabituation) to the change in voice regardless of the synchronicity condition. In Experiment 2, 4-month-old infants received the same face+voice test recordings used in Experiment 1, but now within a fixed trial habituation procedure. Again, synchronicity was manipulated across groups of infants. In contrast to Experiment 1, the infants in the fixed-trial experiment failed to show evidence of voice discrimination.
These results suggest that infant controlled procedures may be more sensitive to infant attention, especially in terms of complex social displays. In addition, synchronicity appeared to be unnecessary in terms of infantsâ ability to detect vocal differences across multimodal displays. In sum, these results highlight the importance of research methodology (
e.g., infant control) and overall stimulus complexity (
e.g., discrete vs. complex) involving studies of infantsâ intersensory development.
Advisors/Committee Members: Cooper, Robin K. Panneton (committeechair), Lickliter, Robert E. (committee member), Axsom, Danny K. (committee member), Bell, Martha Ann (committee member), Finney, Jack W. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Infants; Discrimination; Multimodal displays; Vocal Information
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APA (6th Edition):
McCartney, J. (1999). The Ability of Four-Month-Olds to Discriminate Changes in Vocal Information in Multimodal Displays. (Doctoral Dissertation). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37796
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
McCartney, Jason. “The Ability of Four-Month-Olds to Discriminate Changes in Vocal Information in Multimodal Displays.” 1999. Doctoral Dissertation, Virginia Tech. Accessed December 06, 2019.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37796.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
McCartney, Jason. “The Ability of Four-Month-Olds to Discriminate Changes in Vocal Information in Multimodal Displays.” 1999. Web. 06 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
McCartney J. The Ability of Four-Month-Olds to Discriminate Changes in Vocal Information in Multimodal Displays. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 1999. [cited 2019 Dec 06].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37796.
Council of Science Editors:
McCartney J. The Ability of Four-Month-Olds to Discriminate Changes in Vocal Information in Multimodal Displays. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 1999. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37796
Virginia Tech
20.
McClain-Furmanski, Dennis.
Synchronized Gamma Oscillations Underlying Mid-latency Auditory Evoked Potentials: Assessment of Effects of Psychopharmacologically Active Components of Tobacco.
Degree: PhD, Psychology, 2002, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27555
► The effects of smoking cigarettes on sensory gating, P50 and stimulus-bound gamma band (32-48 Hz) oscillations were examined in two paradigms: paired-tone and oddball. During…
(more)
▼ The effects of smoking cigarettes on sensory gating, P50 and stimulus-bound gamma band (32-48 Hz) oscillations were examined in two paradigms: paired-tone and oddball. During a paired-tone paradigm, our previous work (Crawford, McClain-Furmanski, Castagnoli, & Castagnoli, Neuroscience Letters 317(2002) 151-155) found heavy smokers exhibited chronic (rather than acute) effects in the frontal region: (1) larger P50 and GBO responses; (2) greater P50 and GBO sensory gating suppression, as well as earlier GBO sensory gating suppression. During an oddball paradigm, we (McClain-Furmanski, Crawford, Castagnoli & Castagnoli, in prep.) found an acute effect between 0 and 20 ms post-stimulus in the GBO, however we were unable to determine whether this effect was due to nicotine or the act of smoking.
In the present study, participants were 24 heavy cigarette (20+/day) right-handed, non-depressed smokers with no known medical or psychiatric problems, and no known familial history of psychiatric problems. In the morning, they were tested after abstaining overnight and after smoking a cigarette containing either 1.1 mg of nicotine, or a denicotinized cigarette (< 0.04 mg). In study 1 (oddball paradigm), although some effects were found related to nicotine and/or smoking, observed as condition by group interactions with the groups changing differently across conditions, they differed in temporal and spatial localization from those hypothesized. Thus, the present study was unable to differentiate between nicotine effects and effects due to the act of smoking. In study 2 (paired-pulse paradigm), in traditional evoked potential analysis, we observed signficant chronic sensory gating, as measured by the ratio of N40-P50 amplitude in response to the second tone (S2) as compared to the response to the first tone (S1). The effect was greatest at the hypothesized location (FCZ). In time series analysis of the underlying GBO, we replicated our earlier findings in that S2/S1 effects could be detected across 60 msec of the response. These results are discussed in relation to the neurochemistry and neural processes underlying sensory gating at GBO production, as well as in relation to the known and hypothesized psychpharmacological effects of smoking tobacco. Furthermore, these results are related to the theorized basis of addiction.
Advisors/Committee Members: Crawford, Helen J. (committeechair), Harrison, David W. (committee member), Bell, Martha Ann (committee member), Lickliter, Robert E. (committee member), Castagnoli, Neal Jr. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Tobacco; EEG; Sensory Gating
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APA (6th Edition):
McClain-Furmanski, D. (2002). Synchronized Gamma Oscillations Underlying Mid-latency Auditory Evoked Potentials: Assessment of Effects of Psychopharmacologically Active Components of Tobacco. (Doctoral Dissertation). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27555
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
McClain-Furmanski, Dennis. “Synchronized Gamma Oscillations Underlying Mid-latency Auditory Evoked Potentials: Assessment of Effects of Psychopharmacologically Active Components of Tobacco.” 2002. Doctoral Dissertation, Virginia Tech. Accessed December 06, 2019.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27555.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
McClain-Furmanski, Dennis. “Synchronized Gamma Oscillations Underlying Mid-latency Auditory Evoked Potentials: Assessment of Effects of Psychopharmacologically Active Components of Tobacco.” 2002. Web. 06 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
McClain-Furmanski D. Synchronized Gamma Oscillations Underlying Mid-latency Auditory Evoked Potentials: Assessment of Effects of Psychopharmacologically Active Components of Tobacco. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 2002. [cited 2019 Dec 06].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27555.
Council of Science Editors:
McClain-Furmanski D. Synchronized Gamma Oscillations Underlying Mid-latency Auditory Evoked Potentials: Assessment of Effects of Psychopharmacologically Active Components of Tobacco. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 2002. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27555
Virginia Tech
21.
Borden, Michael Christopher.
Social subtypes in autism: an examination of their validity and relations to measures of social cognition.
Degree: PhD, Psychology, 1991, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/38991
► The present study examined the validity of Wing's (Wing & Attwood, 1987; Wing & Gould, 1979) subtypes of social impairment in a sample of autistic…
(more)
▼ The present study examined the validity of Wing's (Wing & Attwood, 1987; Wing & Gould, 1979) subtypes of social impairment in a sample of autistic individuals and the relations between social deficits and role-taking ability.
Specifically, fifty-three autistic persons were assigned by clinical raters to one of a) socially aloof, b) passive interaction, or c) active, but odd interaction subtypes (Wing & Attwood, 1987; Wing & Gould, 1979). Clinical charts were reviewed for diagnostic information as well as chronological ages and, where available, estimates of intellectual ~unctioning (IQ). Teachers or direct care staff completed specific measures of social behavioral
characteristics, adaptive functioning, and level of autism with regard to each subject.
Advisors/Committee Members: Ollendick, Thomas H. (committeechair), Finney, Jack W. (committee member), Jones, Russell T. (committee member), Lickliter, Robert E. (committee member), Zeskind, Philip Sanford (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Autistic children; LD5655.V856 1991.B673
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APA (6th Edition):
Borden, M. C. (1991). Social subtypes in autism: an examination of their validity and relations to measures of social cognition. (Doctoral Dissertation). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/38991
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Borden, Michael Christopher. “Social subtypes in autism: an examination of their validity and relations to measures of social cognition.” 1991. Doctoral Dissertation, Virginia Tech. Accessed December 06, 2019.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/38991.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Borden, Michael Christopher. “Social subtypes in autism: an examination of their validity and relations to measures of social cognition.” 1991. Web. 06 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Borden MC. Social subtypes in autism: an examination of their validity and relations to measures of social cognition. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 1991. [cited 2019 Dec 06].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/38991.
Council of Science Editors:
Borden MC. Social subtypes in autism: an examination of their validity and relations to measures of social cognition. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 1991. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/38991
Virginia Tech
22.
Carlsen III, Robert Means.
Neural Plasticity and the Development of Intersensory Functioning in Bobwhite Quail (Colinus virginianus).
Degree: PhD, Psychology, 1999, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30196
► Previous research has demonstrated that augmented prenatal sensory stimulation can influence the emergence of normal or species-typical patterns of intersensory perception. For example, unusually early…
(more)
▼ Previous research has demonstrated that augmented prenatal sensory stimulation can influence the emergence of normal or species-typical patterns of intersensory perception. For example, unusually early visual experience can produce a facilitative effect on subsequent postnatal perceptual responsiveness, while substantially augmented prenatal visual stimulation can interfere with early postnatal responsiveness. In constructing a link between early experience and neuronal plasticity, it has been established that unusual visual experience can produce measurable changes in post-synaptic structures, particularly dendritic morphology, in brain areas responsible for vision. In avian species, the brain area responsible for vision is the visual Wulst, thought to be analogous to the mammalian visual cortex.
This study examined the effects of differing amounts of augmented prenatal visual stimulation on the plasticity of neurons in the visual Wulst and on subsequent postnatal visual responsiveness to maternal cues in bobwhite quail chicks. Results revealed that the pattern of neuronal organization and postnatal behavior was influenced by the amount of prenatal visual experience subjects were provided. Specifically, chicks exposed to 240 min of prenatal visual stimulation during the last 24 hr prior to hatching had neurons with significantly fewer spines/10 mm dendrite and displayed accelerated patterns of species-typical visual responsiveness. In contrast, chicks provided 900 min of prenatal visual stimulation had more complex neurons (including more spines, longer dendrites, and more branches) and failed to display normal species-specific visual responsiveness in the days following hatching. These results suggest that neuronal organization in the bobwhite Wulst proceeds in a selective fashion, molded by experience, and appears to influence early perceptual development and organization during the perinatal period
Advisors/Committee Members: Lickliter, Robert E. (committeechair), Cooper, Robin K. Panneton (committee member), Harrison, David W. (committee member), Kleiner, Brian M. (committee member), Bell, Martha Ann (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Dendrite; Quail; Plasticity; Psychology; Vision; Experience
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APA (6th Edition):
Carlsen III, R. M. (1999). Neural Plasticity and the Development of Intersensory Functioning in Bobwhite Quail (Colinus virginianus). (Doctoral Dissertation). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30196
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Carlsen III, Robert Means. “Neural Plasticity and the Development of Intersensory Functioning in Bobwhite Quail (Colinus virginianus).” 1999. Doctoral Dissertation, Virginia Tech. Accessed December 06, 2019.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30196.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Carlsen III, Robert Means. “Neural Plasticity and the Development of Intersensory Functioning in Bobwhite Quail (Colinus virginianus).” 1999. Web. 06 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Carlsen III RM. Neural Plasticity and the Development of Intersensory Functioning in Bobwhite Quail (Colinus virginianus). [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 1999. [cited 2019 Dec 06].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30196.
Council of Science Editors:
Carlsen III RM. Neural Plasticity and the Development of Intersensory Functioning in Bobwhite Quail (Colinus virginianus). [Doctoral Dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 1999. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30196
Virginia Tech
23.
Casey, Michael Bernard.
An epigenetic theory of hemispheric specialization: the role of prenatal sensori-motor experience in the development of turning bias and spatial orientation in bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus).
Degree: PhD, Psychology, 1995, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40212
Subjects/Keywords: psychology; lateralization; prenatal; turning bias; quail; LD5655.V856 1995.C374
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APA (6th Edition):
Casey, M. B. (1995). An epigenetic theory of hemispheric specialization: the role of prenatal sensori-motor experience in the development of turning bias and spatial orientation in bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus). (Doctoral Dissertation). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40212
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Casey, Michael Bernard. “An epigenetic theory of hemispheric specialization: the role of prenatal sensori-motor experience in the development of turning bias and spatial orientation in bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus).” 1995. Doctoral Dissertation, Virginia Tech. Accessed December 06, 2019.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40212.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Casey, Michael Bernard. “An epigenetic theory of hemispheric specialization: the role of prenatal sensori-motor experience in the development of turning bias and spatial orientation in bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus).” 1995. Web. 06 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Casey MB. An epigenetic theory of hemispheric specialization: the role of prenatal sensori-motor experience in the development of turning bias and spatial orientation in bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus). [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 1995. [cited 2019 Dec 06].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40212.
Council of Science Editors:
Casey MB. An epigenetic theory of hemispheric specialization: the role of prenatal sensori-motor experience in the development of turning bias and spatial orientation in bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus). [Doctoral Dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 1995. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40212
Virginia Tech
24.
Demakis, George J.
A neuropsychological investigation of verbal and nonverbal fluency: perspectives on asymmetries in frontal lobe functioning.
Degree: PhD, Psychology, 1995, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/38248
Subjects/Keywords: verbal productivity; LD5655.V856 1995.D463
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APA (6th Edition):
Demakis, G. J. (1995). A neuropsychological investigation of verbal and nonverbal fluency: perspectives on asymmetries in frontal lobe functioning. (Doctoral Dissertation). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/38248
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Demakis, George J. “A neuropsychological investigation of verbal and nonverbal fluency: perspectives on asymmetries in frontal lobe functioning.” 1995. Doctoral Dissertation, Virginia Tech. Accessed December 06, 2019.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/38248.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Demakis, George J. “A neuropsychological investigation of verbal and nonverbal fluency: perspectives on asymmetries in frontal lobe functioning.” 1995. Web. 06 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Demakis GJ. A neuropsychological investigation of verbal and nonverbal fluency: perspectives on asymmetries in frontal lobe functioning. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 1995. [cited 2019 Dec 06].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/38248.
Council of Science Editors:
Demakis GJ. A neuropsychological investigation of verbal and nonverbal fluency: perspectives on asymmetries in frontal lobe functioning. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 1995. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/38248
Virginia Tech
25.
Claiborne, C. B.
The development of dispositional measures of self-congruity and functional congruity.
Degree: PhD, Marketing, 1992, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39979
Subjects/Keywords: Consumer behavior.; Self-presentation.; Self-perception.; LD5655.V856 1992.C596
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APA (6th Edition):
Claiborne, C. B. (1992). The development of dispositional measures of self-congruity and functional congruity. (Doctoral Dissertation). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39979
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Claiborne, C B. “The development of dispositional measures of self-congruity and functional congruity.” 1992. Doctoral Dissertation, Virginia Tech. Accessed December 06, 2019.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39979.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Claiborne, C B. “The development of dispositional measures of self-congruity and functional congruity.” 1992. Web. 06 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Claiborne CB. The development of dispositional measures of self-congruity and functional congruity. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 1992. [cited 2019 Dec 06].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39979.
Council of Science Editors:
Claiborne CB. The development of dispositional measures of self-congruity and functional congruity. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 1992. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39979
Virginia Tech
26.
Berry, Thomas D.
The emergence of a negative feedback bias as a product of supervisor and subordinate dynamics: consequences of opportunity-based supervision and performance variation.
Degree: PhD, Psychology, 1994, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/38277
► Because the act of supervisory feedback can critically affect a subordinate's performance, it is imperative to explicate the various conditions in which the character of…
(more)
▼ Because the act of supervisory feedback can critically affect a subordinate's
performance, it is imperative to explicate the various conditions in which the character of
feedback is determined. The purpose of the following research was to model the
conditions under which supervisors adopt a negative feedback bias (NFB). This bias was
first described by Kahneman and Tversky (1973), when they noted that Israeli flight
instructors found that praise of exceptionally good piloting was often followed by poorer
performance, while criticism of exceptional poor flying was usually followed by improved
performance. Thus, the flight instructors came to believe that negative feedback
motivated people effectively, while positive feedback appeared ineffective. Of course,
supervisors had erred by failing to recognize the natural variation of their students'
performance. In general, this error applies primarily to the conditions under which
supervisors acquire and interpret information. Two factors were hypothesized as
responsible for the emergence of a NFB: (a) limitations caused by opportunity-based
supervision, where only a certain amount of subordinate behavior can be sampled at any
given moment, and (b) supervisors find it difficult to recognize the natural variation,
random fluctuations, and regression to mean processes characteristic of performance
governed by common causes (cf. Deming, 1982; Hogarth, 1980 and Kahneman &
Tversky, 1973). Results indicated that NFB was an emergent process occurring over time
and under conditions where (a) supervisors managed highly inconsistent subordinate
performance and (b) supervisors had limited information regarding a subordinate's
performance per evaluation episode. Since this experimental approach and set-up is
relatively novel, the results are discussed from several conceptual perspectives. Finally, a
discussion regarding the ecological approach to feedback research, and the importance of
model building and testing is offered.
Advisors/Committee Members: Foti, Roseanne J. (committeechair), Finney, Jack W. (committee member), Hauenstein, Neil M. A. (committee member), Germana, Joseph (committee member), Lickliter, Robert E. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Employees; LD5655.V856 1994.B477
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APA (6th Edition):
Berry, T. D. (1994). The emergence of a negative feedback bias as a product of supervisor and subordinate dynamics: consequences of opportunity-based supervision and performance variation. (Doctoral Dissertation). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/38277
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Berry, Thomas D. “The emergence of a negative feedback bias as a product of supervisor and subordinate dynamics: consequences of opportunity-based supervision and performance variation.” 1994. Doctoral Dissertation, Virginia Tech. Accessed December 06, 2019.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/38277.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Berry, Thomas D. “The emergence of a negative feedback bias as a product of supervisor and subordinate dynamics: consequences of opportunity-based supervision and performance variation.” 1994. Web. 06 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Berry TD. The emergence of a negative feedback bias as a product of supervisor and subordinate dynamics: consequences of opportunity-based supervision and performance variation. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 1994. [cited 2019 Dec 06].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/38277.
Council of Science Editors:
Berry TD. The emergence of a negative feedback bias as a product of supervisor and subordinate dynamics: consequences of opportunity-based supervision and performance variation. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 1994. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/38277
Virginia Tech
27.
Columbus, Rebecca Foushee.
Auditory-Visual System Interactions: Perinatal Visual Experience Affects Auditory Learning and Memory in Bobwhite Quail Chicks (Colinus virginianus).
Degree: PhD, Psychology, 1998, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29226
► Early perceptual learning capacity has been shown to correspond with the relative status of emergent sensory systems throughout prenatal and postnatal development. It has also…
(more)
▼ Early perceptual learning capacity has been shown to correspond with the relative status of emergent sensory systems throughout prenatal and postnatal development. It has also been shown that young infants can learn perceptual information during perinatal development. However, the exact nature of the relationship between prenatal and postnatal perceptual development and the role of early experience on learning ability have yet to be examined. The present study examined how auditory learning capacity in bobwhite quail chicks is affected by the interrelationship between the developing auditory and visual systems in late prenatal/early postnatal development. Chicks were provided with auditory information during the period immediately prior to or the period following hatching. In addition, visual experience was either provided or attenuated during both the prenatal and postnatal periods. Findings revealed that chicks postnatally exposed to 10 min/hr of maternal auditory stimulation in lighted conditions required 72 hr exposure to the call in order to learn that bobwhite maternal call (Experiments 1A and 1B). Control chicks who experienced the prenatal egg-opening procedure demonstrated no naive preference for two individual variants of the bobwhite maternal assembly call (Experiment 2). However, embryos who received 10 min/hr of prenatal visual stimulation, or who were reared in prenatal darkness successfully learned a maternal call with only 24 hr of postnatal exposure (Experiments 3A and 3C). Embryos who received prenatal visual and postnatal darkened rearing conditions (a mismatch between prenatal and postnatal experience) showed deficits in postnatal auditory learning (Experiment 3B). Embryos who were exposed to 10 min/hr of prenatal maternal auditory stimulation and 10 min/hr of nonconcurrent visual stimulation remembered the maternal call into later ages of postnatal development than in previous studies when reared in lighted or darkened postnatal conditions (Experiments 4A and 4B). However, when all prenatal and postnatal visual experience were both removed from embryos' and chicks' environments, deficits in prenatal auditory learning and postnatal memory were observed (Experiment 4C). These results indicate that prenatal and postnatal learning in bobwhite quail occur differently, that mismatches in prenatal and postnatal experience interfere with postnatal auditory learning, and that prenatal learning and postnatal memory are affected by the amount of visual stimulation present within chicks' environmental milieu. In the broader scheme, these results provide further evidence that the auditory and visual systems are linked during early development and support an ecological perspective of learning and memory.
Advisors/Committee Members: Lickliter, Robert E. (committeechair), Bell, Martha Ann (committee member), Franchina, Joseph J. (committee member), Friedman, Bruce H. (committee member), Harrison, David W. (committee member), Sturgis, Ellie T. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Psychology; Learning; Development; Bobwhite Quail; Perception
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APA (6th Edition):
Columbus, R. F. (1998). Auditory-Visual System Interactions: Perinatal Visual Experience Affects Auditory Learning and Memory in Bobwhite Quail Chicks (Colinus virginianus). (Doctoral Dissertation). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29226
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Columbus, Rebecca Foushee. “Auditory-Visual System Interactions: Perinatal Visual Experience Affects Auditory Learning and Memory in Bobwhite Quail Chicks (Colinus virginianus).” 1998. Doctoral Dissertation, Virginia Tech. Accessed December 06, 2019.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29226.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Columbus, Rebecca Foushee. “Auditory-Visual System Interactions: Perinatal Visual Experience Affects Auditory Learning and Memory in Bobwhite Quail Chicks (Colinus virginianus).” 1998. Web. 06 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Columbus RF. Auditory-Visual System Interactions: Perinatal Visual Experience Affects Auditory Learning and Memory in Bobwhite Quail Chicks (Colinus virginianus). [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 1998. [cited 2019 Dec 06].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29226.
Council of Science Editors:
Columbus RF. Auditory-Visual System Interactions: Perinatal Visual Experience Affects Auditory Learning and Memory in Bobwhite Quail Chicks (Colinus virginianus). [Doctoral Dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 1998. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29226
Virginia Tech
28.
Knebel, Timothy F.
Event-related potentials during auditory discrimination: attentional and intentional effects.
Degree: PhD, Psychology, 1995, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37351
► The purpose of this dissertation study was to assess the neurophysiological activity associated with selective attention, response selection, and response inhibition. The subjects were 27…
(more)
▼ The purpose of this dissertation study was to assess the neurophysiological activity associated with selective attention, response selection, and response inhibition. The subjects were 27 right-handed college students, 14 men and 13 women, aged 18-21. They performed a go/no-go auditory discrimination task while EEG was recorded from 19 monopolar electrode sites and averaged for evoked potentials. Amplitudes and latencies were measured for four event-related potentials (N1, P2, N2, and P3) at three midline electrode sites (Fz, Cz, pz) and eight bilateral sites (Fp1, Fp2, F3, F4, C3, C4, P3, P4).
Measures from the midline and bilateral sites were subjected to separate repeated measures ANOVAs for within subjects factors of condition (go and no-go), region (prefrontal, frontal, central, and parietal), and hemisphere (left and right). Grand averages and topographic isopotential maps were generated for each component and condition.
Advisors/Committee Members: Crawford, Helen J. (committeechair), Prestrude, Albert M. (committee member), Harrison, David W. (committee member), Lickliter, Robert E. (committee member), Beex, A. A. Louis (committee member), Pribram, Karl H. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: intention; attention; LD5655.V856 1995.K653
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APA (6th Edition):
Knebel, T. F. (1995). Event-related potentials during auditory discrimination: attentional and intentional effects. (Doctoral Dissertation). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37351
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Knebel, Timothy F. “Event-related potentials during auditory discrimination: attentional and intentional effects.” 1995. Doctoral Dissertation, Virginia Tech. Accessed December 06, 2019.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37351.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Knebel, Timothy F. “Event-related potentials during auditory discrimination: attentional and intentional effects.” 1995. Web. 06 Dec 2019.
Vancouver:
Knebel TF. Event-related potentials during auditory discrimination: attentional and intentional effects. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 1995. [cited 2019 Dec 06].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37351.
Council of Science Editors:
Knebel TF. Event-related potentials during auditory discrimination: attentional and intentional effects. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 1995. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37351
. 
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