+publisher:"Virginia Tech" +contributor:("Hulver, Matthew W.")

Virginia Tech

1. Fu, Yu. Baicalein, a novel anti-diabetic compound.

Degree: MS, Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, 2012, Virginia Tech

► Both in type 1 (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D), the deterioration of glycemic control over time is primarily caused by an inadequate mass and… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: blood glucose; insulin; diabetes; baicalein; pancreatic?-cell

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APA (6^th Edition):

Fu, Y. (2012). Baicalein, a novel anti-diabetic compound. (Masters Thesis). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/76854

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Fu, Yu. “Baicalein, a novel anti-diabetic compound.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Virginia Tech. Accessed November 21, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/76854.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Fu, Yu. “Baicalein, a novel anti-diabetic compound.” 2012. Web. 21 Nov 2019.

Vancouver:

Fu Y. Baicalein, a novel anti-diabetic compound. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2012. [cited 2019 Nov 21]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/76854.

Council of Science Editors:

Fu Y. Baicalein, a novel anti-diabetic compound. [Masters Thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/76854

Virginia Tech

2. Gan, Lu. The Involvement of Interleukin-1 Receptor-Associated Kinase-1 (IRAK-1) as a Critical Modulator of Macrophage Migration.

Degree: PhD, Biology, 2010, Virginia Tech

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77071

► Macrophage migration, an essential component of many biological processes and pathologic conditions, is mediated by integrated cellular signaling processes and cytoskeleton rearrangement. Recent advances indicate… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: IRAK; innate immunity; actin regulatory protein; chemokine; macrophage migration

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APA (6^th Edition):

Gan, L. (2010). The Involvement of Interleukin-1 Receptor-Associated Kinase-1 (IRAK-1) as a Critical Modulator of Macrophage Migration. (Doctoral Dissertation). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77071

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Gan, Lu. “The Involvement of Interleukin-1 Receptor-Associated Kinase-1 (IRAK-1) as a Critical Modulator of Macrophage Migration.” 2010. Doctoral Dissertation, Virginia Tech. Accessed November 21, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77071.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Gan, Lu. “The Involvement of Interleukin-1 Receptor-Associated Kinase-1 (IRAK-1) as a Critical Modulator of Macrophage Migration.” 2010. Web. 21 Nov 2019.

Vancouver:

Gan L. The Involvement of Interleukin-1 Receptor-Associated Kinase-1 (IRAK-1) as a Critical Modulator of Macrophage Migration. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 2010. [cited 2019 Nov 21]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77071.

Council of Science Editors:

Gan L. The Involvement of Interleukin-1 Receptor-Associated Kinase-1 (IRAK-1) as a Critical Modulator of Macrophage Migration. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 2010. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77071

Virginia Tech

3. Al-Rayyan, Numan A. Transcriptional and Post-transcriptional Control of Nhlh2 with Differing Energy Status.

Degree: PhD, Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, 2011, Virginia Tech

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77123

► Nescient Helix Loop Helix 2 (Nhlh2) is a member of the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor family. Mice with a targeted deletion of Nhlh2, called N2KO… (more)

▼ Nescient Helix Loop Helix 2 (Nhlh2) is a member of the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor family. Mice with a targeted deletion of Nhlh2, called N2KO mice, show adult onset obesity in both males and females. Nhlh2 regulates other genes by binding to the E-box in the promoter region of these genes. This transcription factor regulates many other transcription factors including MC4R and PC1/3 which are associated with human obesity. The Nhlh2 promoter has been analyzed for putative transcription factors binding sites. These putative binding sites have been tested to be the regulators of Nhlh2 by transactivation assays with mutant promoters, Electrophoretic Shift Assay (EMSA), and Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Assay (ChIP) as methods to investigate the DNA-protein binding. The results of these experiments showed that the Nhlh2 promoter has five Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (Stat3) binding site motifs at -47, -65, -80, -281, -294 and two Nuclear Factor Kappa-Light-Chain-Enhancer of Activated B Cells (NFκB) binding site motifs at -67 and -135. While NFκB acts as a negative regulator of Nhlh2, this research showed that Stat3 acts as a regulator for the Nhlh2 basal expression and leptin stimulation. The ChIP assay using chromatin from mouse hypothalamus and antibodies against Stat3 and the NFκB subunits P50, P65, and c-Rel demonstrated that all of these antibodies were able to pull down the part of the Nhlh2 promoter containing the binding sites of Stat3 and NFκB. The EMSA results not only demonstrated that NFκB and Stat3 binding site motifs are real binding sites, but also exists the possibility of a relationship between these transcription factors to regulate Nhlh2 expression with leptin stimulation. An effort in analyzing the human NHLH2 3'UTR showed that one of the SNPs located at position 1568 in the NHLH2 mRNA (NHLH2A^1568G) which converts adenosine to guanine might have the potential to decrease the mRNA stability. For more investigation about this SNP, the mouse Nhlh2 tail was cloned into 2 different vectors and these vectors were subjected to site directed mutagenesis to create the 3'UTR SNP that convert A to G. One of these vectors used luciferase as a reporter gene for expression while the other one was used to measure Nhlh2 mRNA stability. These vectors were transfected into hypothalamic cell line N29/2 to test the effect of this SNP on Nhlh2 expression. This study demonstrated that this SNP down regulated luciferase expression and also decreased Nhlh2 mRNA stability. Taken together, this study demonstrated that Nhlh2 could be regulated transcriptionally by both NFκB and Stat3 transcription factors and post-transcripitionally by the 3'UTR SNP that converts adenosine to guanine. Advisors/Committee Members: Good, Deborah J. (committeechair), Tu, Zhijian Jake (committee member), Hulver, Matthew W. (committee member), Wong, Eric A. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: NFκB; Stat3; mRNA stability; 3'UTR; SNP; Obesity; Nhlh2; Energy expenditure; Transcription

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APA (6^th Edition):

Al-Rayyan, N. A. (2011). Transcriptional and Post-transcriptional Control of Nhlh2 with Differing Energy Status. (Doctoral Dissertation). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77123

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Al-Rayyan, Numan A. “Transcriptional and Post-transcriptional Control of Nhlh2 with Differing Energy Status.” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, Virginia Tech. Accessed November 21, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77123.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Al-Rayyan, Numan A. “Transcriptional and Post-transcriptional Control of Nhlh2 with Differing Energy Status.” 2011. Web. 21 Nov 2019.

Vancouver:

Al-Rayyan NA. Transcriptional and Post-transcriptional Control of Nhlh2 with Differing Energy Status. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 2011. [cited 2019 Nov 21]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77123.

Council of Science Editors:

Al-Rayyan NA. Transcriptional and Post-transcriptional Control of Nhlh2 with Differing Energy Status. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77123

Virginia Tech

4. Ringwood, Lorna Ann. Role of IRAK-1 in the Dynamic Regulation of Reactive Oxygen Species.

Degree: PhD, Biology, 2011, Virginia Tech

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77203

► Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by mammalian host cells is a double-edged sword. ROS are clearly beneficial in directly killing pathogens and as a… (more)

▼ Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by mammalian host cells is a double-edged sword. ROS are clearly beneficial in directly killing pathogens and as a signaling molecule to alert macrophages and neutrophils to the site of infection. However, ROS are also capable of damaging host cells by destroying DNA, oxidizing proteins and lipids, inactivating enzymes, and eliciting apoptosis. Therefore the balance of ROS generation and clearance is essential for homeostasis. Although multiple mechanisms can contribute to the generation of ROS, NADPH oxidase (Nox) is a primary producer. In terms of clearance, several ROS scavenging enzymes are induced by Nrf2, a sensor of excessive ROS. The mechanisms behind the skewing of this balance toward prolonged accumulation of ROS under chronic inflammatory conditions are not well understood. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a major component of the Gram-negative bacteria cell wall, is specifically recognized by Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). LPS triggers robust activation of Nox and ROS production through TLR4, while also activating Nrf2 and ROS clearance. Intracellular pathways regulating ROS generation and clearance mediated by TLR4 are not well defined. Since interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase 1 (IRAK-1) is a key downstream component of TLR4, we test the hypothesis that IRAK-1 may play a critical role in maintaining the balance of LPS triggered ROS generation and clearance. Using wild type and IRAK-1 deficient murine embryonic fibroblasts, we tested the dynamic induction of Nox1 (a key NADPH oxidase) and Nrf2 by varying dosages of LPS. Our data confirm that high dose LPS (as seen in acute bacterial infection) induced both Nox1 and Nrf2. The generation of Nox1 is IRAK-1 dependent. Low dose LPS (as seen in chronic metabolic endotoxemia) fails to induce Nrf2 and induces mild and prolonged expression of Nox1. Cells pre-challenged with low dose LPS are primed for more robust expression of ROS following a second LPS challenge. The conclusions and implications generated by this study are that chronic low dose endotoxemia (prevalent in adverse health conditions) may skew the balance of ROS generation and clearance to favor prolonged ROS accumulation, and that IRAK-1 represents a potential therapeutic target to treat chronic inflammatory diseases. Advisors/Committee Members: Li, Liwu (committeechair), Hulver, Matthew W. (committee member), Lawrence, Christopher B. (committee member), Huckle, William R. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: lipopolysaccharide; IRAK-1; reactive oxygen species; innate immunity; NADPH oxidase; toll-like receptors

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Ringwood, L. A. (2011). Role of IRAK-1 in the Dynamic Regulation of Reactive Oxygen Species. (Doctoral Dissertation). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77203

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Ringwood, Lorna Ann. “Role of IRAK-1 in the Dynamic Regulation of Reactive Oxygen Species.” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, Virginia Tech. Accessed November 21, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77203.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Ringwood, Lorna Ann. “Role of IRAK-1 in the Dynamic Regulation of Reactive Oxygen Species.” 2011. Web. 21 Nov 2019.

Vancouver:

Ringwood LA. Role of IRAK-1 in the Dynamic Regulation of Reactive Oxygen Species. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 2011. [cited 2019 Nov 21]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77203.

Council of Science Editors:

Ringwood LA. Role of IRAK-1 in the Dynamic Regulation of Reactive Oxygen Species. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77203

Virginia Tech

5. Marinik, Elaina. Angiotensin II receptor blockade and insulin sensitivity in overweight and obese adults with elevated blood pressure.

Degree: PhD, Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, 2012, Virginia Tech

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37369

► Currently, it is reported that ~65% and 34% of the U.S. population is overweight and obese, respectively. Obesity is a major risk factor for cardiovascular… (more)

▼ Currently, it is reported that ~65% and 34% of the U.S. population is overweight and obese, respectively. Obesity is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Overweight and obese individuals are also at an increased risk of developing hypertension. Whole-body insulin sensitivity is reduced in obesity, resulting in insulin resistance and increased risk of type 2 diabetes. One possible mechanism contributing to insulin resistance in obesity hypertension is renin-angiotensin system (RAS) overactivation. The RAS exhibits vasocontricting and sodium-retaining properties, yet in vivo and in vitro animal experiments suggest impairment of whole-body insulin sensitivity with increased angiotensin II (Ang II) exposure. Furthermore, evidence from clinical studies indicates Ang II receptor blockers (ARBs) may reduce the incidence of new-onset diabetes compared to other antihypertensive agents in at-risk hypertensive patients. However, it is unclear if whole-body insulin sensitivity is improved with Ang II receptor blockade in humans. Thus, we tested the hypothesis that 8-week Ang II receptor blockade with olmesartan would improve whole-body insulin sensitivity in overweight and obese individuals with elevated blood pressure (BP). Olmesartan was selected for the present study because it is devoid of partial PPARÎ³ agonist activity. To test our hypothesis, intravenous glucose tolerance tests were performed to measure insulin sensitivity before and after control and ARB treatment in a randomized crossover manner. Because skeletal muscle tissue accounts for ~75-90% of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, a secondary exploratory aim was to examine skeletal muscle inflammatory and collagen response in relation to insulin sensitivity during ARB treatment. No baseline differences were observed between treatments (P>0.05). Both systolic (-11.7 mmHg; P=0.008) and diastolic (-12.1 mmHg; P=0.000) BP were reduced with ARB treatment. Insulin sensitivity was not different between treatments (P>0.05). No correlates of insulin sensitivity were identified. In addition, skeletal muscle inflammatory and collagen gene expression did not change from pre- to post-ARB treatment (P>0.05). Our findings suggest that short-term RAS blockade in overweight and obese adults with elevated BP does not improve whole-body insulin sensitivity, despite a significant BP reduction. Further studies are needed to clarify the role of individual RAS blockers on insulin sensitivity during RAS inhibition in obesity hypertension. Advisors/Committee Members: Davy, Kevin P. (committeechair), Nicklas, Barbara J. (committee member), Frisard, Madlyn I. (committee member), Hulver, Matthew W. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: olmesartan; hypertension; renin-angiotensin system; insulin resistance; type 2 diabetes

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Marinik, E. (2012). Angiotensin II receptor blockade and insulin sensitivity in overweight and obese adults with elevated blood pressure. (Doctoral Dissertation). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37369

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Marinik, Elaina. “Angiotensin II receptor blockade and insulin sensitivity in overweight and obese adults with elevated blood pressure.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, Virginia Tech. Accessed November 21, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37369.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Marinik, Elaina. “Angiotensin II receptor blockade and insulin sensitivity in overweight and obese adults with elevated blood pressure.” 2012. Web. 21 Nov 2019.

Vancouver:

Marinik E. Angiotensin II receptor blockade and insulin sensitivity in overweight and obese adults with elevated blood pressure. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 2012. [cited 2019 Nov 21]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37369.

Council of Science Editors:

Marinik E. Angiotensin II receptor blockade and insulin sensitivity in overweight and obese adults with elevated blood pressure. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37369

Virginia Tech

6. Wankhade, Umesh D. Transcriptional Regulation of Melanocortin 4 Receptor by Nescient Helix-Loop-Helix-2 and its Implications in Peripheral Energy Homeostasis.

Degree: PhD, Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, 2010, Virginia Tech

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37915

► Mutations in the melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) are the most frequent cause of monogenetic forms of human obesity. Despite its importance, the MC4R signaling pathways… (more)

▼ Mutations in the melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) are the most frequent cause of monogenetic forms of human obesity. Despite its importance, the MC4R signaling pathways and transcriptional regulation that underly the melanocortin pathway are far from being fully understood. The transcription factor Nescient Helix Loop Helix 2 (Nhlh2), is known to influence the melanocortin pathway. It regulates the transcription of genes by binding to the E-Box binding sites present in the promoter region. Here in this dissertation, Nhlh2â s role as a transcriptional regulator of Mc4r and the effects of deletion of Nhlh2 on peripheral energy expenditure, glucose homeostasis and fatty acid oxidation are reported. To investigate the transcriptional mechanisms of Mc4r and the involvement of Nhlh2, gene expression analysis, DNA-protein binding, transactivation assays, and SiRNA induction were used. We show that Nhlh2 regulates the transcription of Mc4r by binding to the three E-Boxes present on the promoter at -553, -361 and +47. Further, SiRNA knockdown of Nhlh2 in the N29/2 cell line depresses Mc4r expression which suggests the requirement of Nhlh2 for Mc4r transcription. Development of adult onset obesity in the absence of evident hyperphagia questions the ability of mice which lacks Nhlh2 (N2KO) to utilize energy substrate efficiently. To test the effect of deletion of Nhlh2 in N2KO, body composition analysis, tissue specific characterization, fatty acid oxidation and glucose and insulin homeostasis were assessed. N2KO mice have a higher fat content than WT at the age of 12 weeks. There are architectural differences in adipose tissue of N2KO. White adipose tissue (WAT) shows infiltration of macrophages, and increased mRNA and serum levels of interleukin 6 which suggests the presence of a systemic inflammatory state in the N2KO mice. Sympathetic nervous system tone is reduced in both brown adipose tissue (BAT) and WAT, as evidenced by gene expression analysis, and this may be because of overall reduced melanocortinergic tone in N2KO mice. N2KO mice have an impaired glucose tolerance on the basis of their late glucose clearance on glucose (non-significant) and insulin (significant) challenges. Fatty acid oxidation (FAO) is higher in red fibers of skeletal muscle, and the respiratory exchange ratio (RER) is lower in N2KO, which is indicative of using fat as a preferential energy source. Increased expression of genes involved in the lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle and liver supports the RER and FAO, and are indicative of high turnover of lipids in N2KO. Findings from these studies implicate Nhlh2 as a transcriptional regulator of Mc4r which has a direct relevance to the ever increasing epidemic of obesity. Characterization of N2KO mice sheds light on the adult onset obesity phenotype. Knowledge gained from these findings will help us understand the monogenetic form of obesity more completely and could lead to the design of improved pharmacological therapies that target Nhlh2 or Mc4r or modify physical activity behavior. Advisors/Committee Members: Good, Deborah J. (committeechair), Liu, Dongmin (committee member), Grange, Robert W. (committee member), Li, Liwu (committee member), Hulver, Matthew W. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: brown adipose; white adipose; Transcription; obesity; energy expenditure; Nhlh2; Mc4r

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Wankhade, U. D. (2010). Transcriptional Regulation of Melanocortin 4 Receptor by Nescient Helix-Loop-Helix-2 and its Implications in Peripheral Energy Homeostasis. (Doctoral Dissertation). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37915

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Wankhade, Umesh D. “Transcriptional Regulation of Melanocortin 4 Receptor by Nescient Helix-Loop-Helix-2 and its Implications in Peripheral Energy Homeostasis.” 2010. Doctoral Dissertation, Virginia Tech. Accessed November 21, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37915.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Wankhade, Umesh D. “Transcriptional Regulation of Melanocortin 4 Receptor by Nescient Helix-Loop-Helix-2 and its Implications in Peripheral Energy Homeostasis.” 2010. Web. 21 Nov 2019.

Vancouver:

Wankhade UD. Transcriptional Regulation of Melanocortin 4 Receptor by Nescient Helix-Loop-Helix-2 and its Implications in Peripheral Energy Homeostasis. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 2010. [cited 2019 Nov 21]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37915.

Council of Science Editors:

Wankhade UD. Transcriptional Regulation of Melanocortin 4 Receptor by Nescient Helix-Loop-Helix-2 and its Implications in Peripheral Energy Homeostasis. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 2010. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37915

Virginia Tech

7. Scheffler, Tracy Leigh. AMP-activated protein kinase and muscle metabolism.

Degree: PhD, Animal and Poultry Sciences, 2012, Virginia Tech

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/38829

► AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a major regulator of skeletal muscle metabolism with relevance to agriculture and human health. During the conversion of muscle to… (more)

▼ AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a major regulator of skeletal muscle metabolism with relevance to agriculture and human health. During the conversion of muscle to meat, the rate and extent of postmortem metabolism and pH decline largely determine pork quality development. Pigs with the AMPKÎ³3 R200Q mutation generate pork with low ultimate pH (pHu); this is attributed to high glycogen content, and greater â potentialâ to produce lactate and H+. We hypothesized that decreasing muscle phosphocreatine and creatine would decrease ATP buffering capacity, resulting in earlier termination of glycolysis and pH decline. Dietary supplementation with the creatine analogue, Î²-GPA, decreased muscle total creatine but negatively affected performance. Another experiment was conducted using control or Î²-GPA diet and wild type and AMPKÎ³3R200Q pigs in a 2Ã 2 factorial design. The loss of muscle total creatine was important in maintenance of ATP levels in AMPKÎ³3R200Q muscle early postmortem. Moreover, elevated glycogen did not affect pHu, supporting that energetic modifications induced by feed restriction and Î²-GPA supplementation influence extent of pH decline. Next, we utilized a line of pigs selected for differences in pHu. Another AMPKÎ³3 mutation (V199I), which is associated with higher pHu and lower glycolytic potential, was prevalent. The 199II genotype increased pHu in castrated males only. The wild type VV genotype increased glycolytic potential, but neither glycolytic potential nor lactate predicted pHu. In humans, AMPK activation is at least partly responsible for the beneficial effects of exercise on glucose transport and increased oxidative capacity in skeletal muscle. An inverse relationship exists between skeletal muscle fiber cross-sectional area and oxidative capacity, which suggests muscle fibers hypertrophy at the expense of oxidative capacity. Therefore, we utilized pigs possessing mutations associated with increased oxidative capacity (AMP-activated protein kinase, AMPKÎ³3R200Q) or fiber hypertrophy (ryanodine receptor 1, RyR1R615C) to determine if these events occur in parallel. RyR1R615C increased muscle fiber size; AMPKÎ³3R200Q increased oxidative capacity, evidenced by enhanced enzyme activity, mitochondrial function, and expression of mitochondrial proteins. Thus, pigs with both AMPKÎ³3R200Q and RyR1R615C possess increased fiber size and oxidative capacity, suggesting hypertrophy and oxidative capacity can occur simultaneously in skeletal muscle. Advisors/Committee Members: Gerrard, David E. (committeechair), Escobar, Jeffery (committee member), Sobrado, Pablo (committee member), Hulver, Matthew W. (committee member), Frisard, Madlyn I. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: calcium; mitochondria; pork quality; skeletal muscle

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Scheffler, T. L. (2012). AMP-activated protein kinase and muscle metabolism. (Doctoral Dissertation). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/38829

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Scheffler, Tracy Leigh. “AMP-activated protein kinase and muscle metabolism.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, Virginia Tech. Accessed November 21, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/38829.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Scheffler, Tracy Leigh. “AMP-activated protein kinase and muscle metabolism.” 2012. Web. 21 Nov 2019.

Vancouver:

Scheffler TL. AMP-activated protein kinase and muscle metabolism. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 2012. [cited 2019 Nov 21]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/38829.

Council of Science Editors:

Scheffler TL. AMP-activated protein kinase and muscle metabolism. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/38829

Virginia Tech

8. Halliday, Tanya Michelle. Are the Initiation and Maintenance of a Resistance Training Program Associated with Changes to Dietary Intake and Non-Resistance Training Physical Activity in Adults with Prediabetes?.

Degree: PhD, Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, 2016, Virginia Tech

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/79770

► Prediabetes is associated with an elevated risk for developing type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and associated cardiovascular complications. Lifestyle factors such as physical activity (PA) and… (more)

▼ Prediabetes is associated with an elevated risk for developing type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and associated cardiovascular complications. Lifestyle factors such as physical activity (PA) and dietary intake are strongly implicated in the development of metabolic disease, yet few Americans meet PA and dietary recommendations. Middle-aged and older adults are at increased risk for developing prediabetes and T2DM due to age-related muscle loss, increased fat mass, and alterations in glucose handling. In addition, this segment of the population is least likely to meet PA guidelines, particularly the resistance training (RT) recommendation of completing a whole body routine 2x/week. Ideally, individuals would alter their lifestyle in order to meet PA guidelines and habitually consume a healthy diet, to decrease disease risk. However, behavior change is difficult and optimal strategies to promote and maintain changes have yet to be determined. Furthermore, behavior change interventions tend to be time-, cost-, and resource-intensive, limiting the ability for efficacious programs to be translated into community settings and broadly disseminated. Evidence suggests that health-related behaviors, particularly diet and exercise habits, tend to cluster together. Thus, intervening on one behavior (e.g. PA) may elicit a spillover effect, promoting alterations in other behaviors (e.g. diet), though findings to date are conflicting. The purpose of this dissertation was to determine if participation in a social cognitive theory-based RT program targeting the initiation and maintenance of RT exerts a spillover effect and is associated with alterations in dietary intake and/or non-RT PA in a population at risk for T2DM. Data from the 15-month Resist Diabetes study was analyzed to evaluate this possibility. Sedentary, overweight/obese (BMI 25-39.9 kg/m2 ), middle-aged and older (50 -69 years) adults with prediabetes (impaired fasting glucose and/or impaired glucose tolerance) completed a 3 month initiation phase where they RT 2x/week in a lab-gym with an ACSM-certified personal trainer. Participants then completed a 6-month faded contact maintenance phase, and a 6-month no-contact phase during which they were to continue RT on their own in a public facility. No advice or encouragement was given to participants to alter dietary intake or non-RT PA habits. At baseline, and months 3, 9, and 15, three non-consecutive 24-hour diet recalls were collected to evaluate dietary intake and quality, the Aerobics Institute Longitudinal Study Questionnaire was completed to evaluate non-RT PA, and body mass, body composition, and strength (3 repetition maximum on leg and chest press) were measured. At months 3, 9, and 15 social cognitive theory (SCT) constructs were assessed with a RT Health Beliefs Questionnaire. In the first study, dietary intake was assessed at baseline and after 3 months of RT. Using paired sample t-tests, reductions in intake of energy (1914 ± 40 kcal vs. 1834 ± 427 kcal, p = 0.010), carbohydrate (211.6 ± 4.9 g vs. 201.7 ± 5.2 g, p =… Advisors/Committee Members: Davy, Brenda Mueller (committeechair), Davy, Kevin P. (committee member), Hulver, Matthew W. (committee member), Winett, Richard A. (committee member), Neilson, Andrew P. (committee member), Savla, Jyoti Shital (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: resistance training; dietary intake; physical activity; spillover effect; prediabetes

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Halliday, T. M. (2016). Are the Initiation and Maintenance of a Resistance Training Program Associated with Changes to Dietary Intake and Non-Resistance Training Physical Activity in Adults with Prediabetes?. (Doctoral Dissertation). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/79770

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Halliday, Tanya Michelle. “Are the Initiation and Maintenance of a Resistance Training Program Associated with Changes to Dietary Intake and Non-Resistance Training Physical Activity in Adults with Prediabetes?.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, Virginia Tech. Accessed November 21, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/79770.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Halliday, Tanya Michelle. “Are the Initiation and Maintenance of a Resistance Training Program Associated with Changes to Dietary Intake and Non-Resistance Training Physical Activity in Adults with Prediabetes?.” 2016. Web. 21 Nov 2019.

Vancouver:

Halliday TM. Are the Initiation and Maintenance of a Resistance Training Program Associated with Changes to Dietary Intake and Non-Resistance Training Physical Activity in Adults with Prediabetes?. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 2016. [cited 2019 Nov 21]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/79770.

Council of Science Editors:

Halliday TM. Are the Initiation and Maintenance of a Resistance Training Program Associated with Changes to Dietary Intake and Non-Resistance Training Physical Activity in Adults with Prediabetes?. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/79770

Virginia Tech

9. Suagee, Jessica Kanekakenre. Regulation of Nutrient Metabolism in Equine Skeletal Muscle and Adipose Tissue.

Degree: PhD, Animal and Poultry Sciences, 2010, Virginia Tech

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40294

► Glucose and lipid metabolism are dysregulated in obese horses. Altered glucose metabolism is evidenced by the development of insulin resistance and increased fasting plasma insulin… (more)

▼ Glucose and lipid metabolism are dysregulated in obese horses. Altered glucose metabolism is evidenced by the development of insulin resistance and increased fasting plasma insulin concentrations (hyperinsulinemia) while altered lipid metabolism is evidenced by increased plasma lipid concentrations. Obesity in horses also increases the risk of the painful hoof disease, laminitis. Three experiments were performed to investigate the regulation of nutrient metabolism in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue of lean, healthy horses. Adipose tissue was found to be the primary lipogenic tissue of horses, with acetate being the primary lipogenic substrate. Secondly, ten, lean horses were used to investigate the effects of acute hyperinsulinemia on nutrient metabolism. Increasing plasma insulin concentrations to >1,000 mIU/L for six hours decreased transcript abundance of glucose transporters and the insulin receptor in adipose tissue, and decreased protein abundance of the insulin receptor in skeletal muscle, potentially indicating that hyperinsulinemia potentiates insulin resistance. Insulin infusion also reduced mRNA abundance of lipid transporters in adipose tissue while increasing them in skeletal muscle. The final experiment investigated the influence of the insulin-sensitizing drug, pioglitazone, and lipopolysaccharide, on nutrient metabolism in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, and their association with insulin sensitivity. Pioglitazone treatment did not increase insulin sensitivity; however it did increase skeletal muscle transcript abundance of the insulin receptor and the non-insulin sensitive glucose transporter and adipose tissue protein abundance of the insulin-sensitive glucose transporter (GLUT4). Lipopolysaccharide decreased insulin sensitivity regardless of pioglitazone pre-treatment, which was associated with decreased transcript abundance of GLUT4 in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue of untreated horses, but not adipose tissue of pioglitazone treated horses. Advisors/Committee Members: Hulver, Matthew W. (committee member), Geor, Ray (committee member), McCutcheon, L. Jill (committee member), Crisman, Mark Virgil (committee member), Corl, Benjamin A. (committeecochair), Wong, Eric A. (committeecochair).

Subjects/Keywords: glucose; horse; insulin; laminitis; obesity

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APA (6^th Edition):

Suagee, J. K. (2010). Regulation of Nutrient Metabolism in Equine Skeletal Muscle and Adipose Tissue. (Doctoral Dissertation). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40294

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Suagee, Jessica Kanekakenre. “Regulation of Nutrient Metabolism in Equine Skeletal Muscle and Adipose Tissue.” 2010. Doctoral Dissertation, Virginia Tech. Accessed November 21, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40294.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Suagee, Jessica Kanekakenre. “Regulation of Nutrient Metabolism in Equine Skeletal Muscle and Adipose Tissue.” 2010. Web. 21 Nov 2019.

Vancouver:

Suagee JK. Regulation of Nutrient Metabolism in Equine Skeletal Muscle and Adipose Tissue. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 2010. [cited 2019 Nov 21]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40294.

Council of Science Editors:

Suagee JK. Regulation of Nutrient Metabolism in Equine Skeletal Muscle and Adipose Tissue. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 2010. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40294

Virginia Tech

10. Stamey, Jennifer Anne. Systemic and Intracellular Trafficking of Long-chain Fatty Acids in Lactating Dairy Cattle.

Degree: PhD, Dairy Science, 2012, Virginia Tech

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/38689

► Marine oils are used as ration additives to provide omega-3 fatty acids to dairy cows. Supplementing dairy cows with omega-3 fatty acid-rich feeds does not… (more)

▼ Marine oils are used as ration additives to provide omega-3 fatty acids to dairy cows. Supplementing dairy cows with omega-3 fatty acid-rich feeds does not easily increase quantities in milk fat of dairy cows because polyunsaturated fatty acids are biohydrogenated in the rumen. Lipid encapsulation of omega-3 fatty acids provides protection from biohydrogenation in the rumen and allows them to be available for absorption and utilization in the small intestine. Lactating cows were supplemented with rumen protected algae biomass or algal oil in a 4 Ã 4 Latin Square. Feeding lipid encapsulated algae supplements increased docosahexaenoic acid content in milk fat while not adversely impacting milk fat yield; however, docosahexaenoic acid was preferentially esterified into plasma phospholipid, limiting its incorporation into milk fat. In the second study, triglyceride emulsions of oils enriched in either oleic, linoleic, linolenic, or docosahexaenoic acids were intravenously infused to avoid confounding effects of triglyceride esterification patterns in the small intestine and to compare mammary uptake. Milk transfer of fatty acids delivered as intravenous triglyceride emulsions was reduced with increased chain length and unsaturation. Increased target fatty acids were evident in plasma phospholipid, suggesting re-esterification in the liver. Transfer efficiencies were 37.8, 27.6, and 10.9Â±5.4% for linoleic, linolenic, and docosahexaenoic acid. Both liver and mammary mechanisms may regulate transfer of long-chain polyunsaturates. Intracellular fatty acid binding proteins (FABP) are cytoplasmic proteins that are hypothesized to be essential for fatty acid transport and metabolism by accelerating longchain fatty acid uptake and targeting to intracellular organelles, such as the endoplasmic reticulum for triglyceride esterification. FABP3 mRNA is highly expressed in bovine mammary and heart tissue, but is not present in MAC-T cells, a bovine mammary epithelial cell line. When overexpressed in MAC-T cells, FABP3 does not appear to be rate-limiting for fatty acid uptake in vitro and did not alter lipid metabolism. The function of FABP3 in the mammary gland remains unclear. Advisors/Committee Members: Corl, Benjamin A. (committeechair), Akers, Robert Michael (committee member), Hanigan, Mark D. (committee member), Hulver, Matthew W. (committee member), Petersson-Wolfe, Christina S. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: FABP; lipid metabolism; transfer efficiency; rumen protection; n-3 fatty acid

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Stamey, J. A. (2012). Systemic and Intracellular Trafficking of Long-chain Fatty Acids in Lactating Dairy Cattle. (Doctoral Dissertation). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/38689

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Stamey, Jennifer Anne. “Systemic and Intracellular Trafficking of Long-chain Fatty Acids in Lactating Dairy Cattle.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, Virginia Tech. Accessed November 21, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/38689.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Stamey, Jennifer Anne. “Systemic and Intracellular Trafficking of Long-chain Fatty Acids in Lactating Dairy Cattle.” 2012. Web. 21 Nov 2019.

Vancouver:

Stamey JA. Systemic and Intracellular Trafficking of Long-chain Fatty Acids in Lactating Dairy Cattle. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 2012. [cited 2019 Nov 21]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/38689.

Council of Science Editors:

Stamey JA. Systemic and Intracellular Trafficking of Long-chain Fatty Acids in Lactating Dairy Cattle. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/38689

Virginia Tech

11. Flack, Kyle. Effects of Resistance Training on aged Skeletal Muscle and Mitochondrial Function.

Degree: PhD, Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, 2014, Virginia Tech

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/25143

► With the aging of the baby boom population and an increased life expectancy, individuals aged 65 years and older are the fastest growing segment of… (more)

▼ With the aging of the baby boom population and an increased life expectancy, individuals aged 65 years and older are the fastest growing segment of our population. Aging brings about changes in skeletal muscle such as reduced muscle strength and mass, as well as cellular deficits such as increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and mitochondrial DNA (MtDNA) deletions and mutations. Muscle mass declines at a rate of 1-2% each year after the age of 50, leading to muscle weakness, functional impairments, loss of independence, and an increase in falls. Additional declines in muscle mass and reduced muscle strength may result in a lower resting metabolic rate, reduced lipid oxidative capacity, increased adiposity, and insulin resistance. The rising number of individuals aged 65+ will increase demands on health care and health care costs, possibly leading to inadequate public resources and less care for the aged. This large societal impact, coupled with the aging of our population, suggests a clear need for methods that will improve the aging phenotype to enhance functionality, quality of life, and overall health for our aging population. This investigation aspires to delve into a relatively unexplored area of aging research and evaluate potential means that could help improve the aging phenotype. The associated mitochondrial impairments, mitochondrial mediated apoptosis, and mitochondrial DNA (MtDNA) deletions and mutations that accompany aging lead to a decline in physical fitness and oxidative capacity, and exercise has been shown to reverse or help prevent many of these disturbances. Resistance exercise training (RT) is currently the most effective known strategy to stimulate skeletal muscle hypertrophy and increase strength. Strength gains after RT lead to an improvement in activities of daily living and quality of life. There is some evidence suggesting that RT may lead to increased antioxidant enzyme capacity, decreased ROS production and increased electron transport chain (ETC) function in older individuals. The present study will lay a foundation for future research and further developments in the area of RT, mitochondrial function and aging. Advisors/Committee Members: Davy, Brenda Mueller (committeechair), Winett, Richard A. (committee member), Frisard, Madlyn I. (committee member), Hulver, Matthew W. (committee member), Davy, Kevin P. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Resistance Training; Mitochondrial Function; Aging

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Flack, K. (2014). Effects of Resistance Training on aged Skeletal Muscle and Mitochondrial Function. (Doctoral Dissertation). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/25143

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Flack, Kyle. “Effects of Resistance Training on aged Skeletal Muscle and Mitochondrial Function.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, Virginia Tech. Accessed November 21, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/25143.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Flack, Kyle. “Effects of Resistance Training on aged Skeletal Muscle and Mitochondrial Function.” 2014. Web. 21 Nov 2019.

Vancouver:

Flack K. Effects of Resistance Training on aged Skeletal Muscle and Mitochondrial Function. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 2014. [cited 2019 Nov 21]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/25143.

Council of Science Editors:

Flack K. Effects of Resistance Training on aged Skeletal Muscle and Mitochondrial Function. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/25143

Virginia Tech

12. Orr, Jeb Stuart. The Effects of Weight Gain and Atorvastatin Treatment on Arterial Stiffness.

Degree: PhD, Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, 2009, Virginia Tech

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27682

► Aging is characterized by a progressive stiffening of large elastic arteries in the cardiothoracic region. Importantly, large artery stiffness is an independent predictor of cardiovascular… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: visceral fat; aging; weight gain; arterial stiffness; obesity

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Orr, J. S. (2009). The Effects of Weight Gain and Atorvastatin Treatment on Arterial Stiffness. (Doctoral Dissertation). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27682

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Orr, Jeb Stuart. “The Effects of Weight Gain and Atorvastatin Treatment on Arterial Stiffness.” 2009. Doctoral Dissertation, Virginia Tech. Accessed November 21, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27682.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Orr, Jeb Stuart. “The Effects of Weight Gain and Atorvastatin Treatment on Arterial Stiffness.” 2009. Web. 21 Nov 2019.

Vancouver:

Orr JS. The Effects of Weight Gain and Atorvastatin Treatment on Arterial Stiffness. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 2009. [cited 2019 Nov 21]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27682.

Council of Science Editors:

Orr JS. The Effects of Weight Gain and Atorvastatin Treatment on Arterial Stiffness. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 2009. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27682

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