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1.
Fabi, Amanda Jean.
Use of Triptorelin Acetate for Inducing Ovulation and Facilitating Fixed Time Artificial Insemination of Sows Weaned on Small-Scale and Niche Market Pig Farms.
Degree: MS, Animal and Poultry Sciences, 2017, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77395 
► Developing a single fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) protocol would benefit small-scale and niche market pork producers by decreasing semen costs and labor associated with detection…
(more)
▼ Developing a single fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) protocol would benefit small-scale and niche market pork producers by decreasing semen costs and labor associated with detection of estrus. The objective of this study was to test the efficacy of an artificial insemination (AI) breeding system using triptorelin acetate, a GnRH agonist (OvuGel®; JBS United Animal Health, LLC, Sheridan, IN) that induces ovulation. A total of 96 sows (parity, 3.5 ± 0.2; body condition score (BCS), 2.5 ± 0.07) were weaned (h 0) after a 24.8 ± 0.6 d lactation on five participating small swine farms and allocated to one of four treatment groups: 1) TRT1: (n = 24) OvuGel applied intravaginally at h 96 and AI at h 120; 2) TRT2: (n = 24) P.G. 600® (400 IU eCG and 200 IU hCG, Merck Animal Health, Inc., De Sota, KS) injected intramuscularly at weaning, OvuGel at h 96 and AI at h 120; 3) TRT3: (n = 24) P.G. 600 at weaning, and AI at 0 and 24 h after first detection of estrus; and 4) TRT4: (n = 24) AI at 0 and 24 h after first detection of estrus. Treatments 1 and 2 were FTAI protocols with sows being inseminated without regard to estrus onset. Treatments 3 and 4 were consistent with current industry AI practices. The proportion of females displaying estrus by d 7 post-weaning was greater (P < 0.05) for sows that received OvuGel (94.5 %) compared to sows that did not receive OvuGel (82.2 %). There were no effects (P > 0.05) of P.G. 600 or P.G. 600 x OvuGel on females displaying estrus by d 7 or d 10 post-weaning. Weaning to estrus interval was decreased (P < 0.05) for sows that received P.G. 600 (4.9 ± 0.4 d) compared to sows that did not receive P.G. 600 (5.4 ± 0.4 d). There were no effects (P > 0.05) of OvuGel or P.G. 600 x OvuGel on the weaning-to-estrus interval. There were no effects of P.G. 600, OvuGel or P.G. 600 x OvuGel (P > 0.1) on pregnancy rate (total sows pregnant/inseminated) (61.2 %), total litter size (11.3), number born dead (1.0) or number of mummies (0.2). There was an effect (P < 0.05) of P.G. 600 x OvuGel on total born live (10.2). Sows treated with OvuGel had a greater number of live piglets born per semen dose (5.4) compared to sows that did not receive OvuGel (3.2) (P < 0.05). These results suggest that FTAI protocols may be employed on small-scale pig farms without compromising reproductive performance.
Advisors/Committee Members: Estienne, Mark J. (committeechair), Deener%2C%20Sherrie%22%29&pagesize-30">
Clark-
Deener,
Sherrie (committee member),
Wood, Cynthia M. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: OvuGel®; P.G. 600®; fixed-time artificial insemination; sow
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APA (6th Edition):
Fabi, A. J. (2017). Use of Triptorelin Acetate for Inducing Ovulation and Facilitating Fixed Time Artificial Insemination of Sows Weaned on Small-Scale and Niche Market Pig Farms. (Masters Thesis). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77395
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Fabi, Amanda Jean. “Use of Triptorelin Acetate for Inducing Ovulation and Facilitating Fixed Time Artificial Insemination of Sows Weaned on Small-Scale and Niche Market Pig Farms.” 2017. Masters Thesis, Virginia Tech. Accessed April 18, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77395.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Fabi, Amanda Jean. “Use of Triptorelin Acetate for Inducing Ovulation and Facilitating Fixed Time Artificial Insemination of Sows Weaned on Small-Scale and Niche Market Pig Farms.” 2017. Web. 18 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Fabi AJ. Use of Triptorelin Acetate for Inducing Ovulation and Facilitating Fixed Time Artificial Insemination of Sows Weaned on Small-Scale and Niche Market Pig Farms. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2017. [cited 2021 Apr 18].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77395.
Council of Science Editors:
Fabi AJ. Use of Triptorelin Acetate for Inducing Ovulation and Facilitating Fixed Time Artificial Insemination of Sows Weaned on Small-Scale and Niche Market Pig Farms. [Masters Thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77395
2.
Holland, Sarah C.
Comparison of Luteolysis and Timed Artificial Insemination Pregnancy Rates after Administration of PGF2a in the Muscle or the Ischiorectal Fossa in Cattle.
Degree: MS, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, 2015, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/56575
► Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) is commonly given to female cattle intramuscularly (IM) for the synchronization of estrus. A novel site for administration of PGF2α that improves…
(more)
▼ Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) is commonly given to female cattle intramuscularly (IM) for the synchronization of estrus. A novel site for administration of PGF2α that improves beef quality assurance is the ischiorectal fossa (IRF). The objective of this study was to determine whether administration of PGF2α in the IRF results in a similar physiologic response to administration of PGF2α given IM.
Yearling angus-cross heifers (n=112) were blocked by weight and randomly assigned within blocks to be injected with 5 mL PGF2α either IM in the neck or in the IRF. Blood samples were taken at 0, 8, 16, 24, 36, and 48 h post-injection. Serum samples were analyzed for progesterone concentration using a radioimmunoassay. Progesterone concentration curves for each heifer were plotted to determine luteolysis. The median times to luteolysis for neck and IRF injections were 18.1 hrs and 20.0 hrs, respectively (p=0.06).
Angus cross commercial beef cows (n=1471) at least 30 days post-partum were blocked by age and randomly assigned to be injected with 5 mL PGF2α either IM in the neck muscle or in IRF as part of a 7-Day CO-Synch + CIDR ovulation protocol. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed via ultrasound at 60 days post insemination. Results were analyzed with Proc Glimmix (SAS). Pregnancy rates for neck and IRF injections were 52.6% and 57.2%, respectively (p=0.06).
In summary, injection of PGF2α in the IRF for estrus synchronization and lysis of the corpus luteum did not differ from injection in the neck muscle. Utilizing the ischiorectal fossa as an injection site for PGF2α may be considered as an alternative that more closely aligns with beef quality assurance objectives.
Advisors/Committee Members: Swecker, William S. Jr. (committeechair), Whittier, William D. (committee member), Deener%2C%20Sherrie%22%29&pagesize-30">
Clark-
Deener,
Sherrie (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Prostaglandin; luteolysis; estrus synchronization; beef quality assurance
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APA (6th Edition):
Holland, S. C. (2015). Comparison of Luteolysis and Timed Artificial Insemination Pregnancy Rates after Administration of PGF2a in the Muscle or the Ischiorectal Fossa in Cattle. (Masters Thesis). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/56575
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Holland, Sarah C. “Comparison of Luteolysis and Timed Artificial Insemination Pregnancy Rates after Administration of PGF2a in the Muscle or the Ischiorectal Fossa in Cattle.” 2015. Masters Thesis, Virginia Tech. Accessed April 18, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/56575.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Holland, Sarah C. “Comparison of Luteolysis and Timed Artificial Insemination Pregnancy Rates after Administration of PGF2a in the Muscle or the Ischiorectal Fossa in Cattle.” 2015. Web. 18 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Holland SC. Comparison of Luteolysis and Timed Artificial Insemination Pregnancy Rates after Administration of PGF2a in the Muscle or the Ischiorectal Fossa in Cattle. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2015. [cited 2021 Apr 18].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/56575.
Council of Science Editors:
Holland SC. Comparison of Luteolysis and Timed Artificial Insemination Pregnancy Rates after Administration of PGF2a in the Muscle or the Ischiorectal Fossa in Cattle. [Masters Thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/56575
Virginia Tech
3.
Ligon, Jennifer Marie.
The Effects of Low Stress Cattle Handling and Weaning Training on Post-Weaning Weight Gain and Calf Activity.
Degree: MS, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, 2015, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/51262
► The objective of this study was to assess the effect of low stress (LS) handling of beef calves on weight gain and calf activity associated…
(more)
▼ The objective of this study was to assess the effect of low stress (LS) handling of beef calves on weight gain and calf activity associated with the weaning process. Cattle were of Angus and Angus cross breeding from two separate herds in
Virginia. Handlers for the LS groups went through a short training session. Handlers for the Control (C) groups did not have any special training and handled their group as they would have with no adjustments. Handling and calf activity were monitored each time (6 times) the cows were worked from calving through one month post-weaning. Weights were taken from birth to one month post-weaning. During the week post-weaning the C calves averaged a gain of 4.38 lbs. and the LS calves averaged a gain of 16.94 lbs. One month post-weaning the C calves averaged a gain of 49.01 lbs., while the LS calves averaged a gain of 68.6 lbs. This showed a difference (p < 0.0001) between handling method for weight gain in calves for one week and one month post-weaning. Pedometers were used to assess calf activity post-weaning. Steps per hour (SPH) for the week post-weaning was numerically higher for those calves handled conventionally and not trained for weaning. The C calves averaged 1048 to 1629 SPH for the first three days, where the LS calves averaged 443 to 644 SPH for the first three days. Additionally, the artificial insemination conception rates (AICR) were calculated in each herd and treatment groups compared, however results were equivocal. This study demonstrated that handling cattle using low stress techniques can make significant improvements with regard to weaning weights and has potential to increase other areas of production in beef cattle.
Advisors/Committee Members: Whittier, William D. (committeechair), Deener%2C%20Sherrie%22%29&pagesize-30">
Clark-
Deener,
Sherrie (committee member),
Currin, John F. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Low Stress; Beef Cattle; Stockmanship; weaning
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APA (6th Edition):
Ligon, J. M. (2015). The Effects of Low Stress Cattle Handling and Weaning Training on Post-Weaning Weight Gain and Calf Activity. (Masters Thesis). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/51262
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Ligon, Jennifer Marie. “The Effects of Low Stress Cattle Handling and Weaning Training on Post-Weaning Weight Gain and Calf Activity.” 2015. Masters Thesis, Virginia Tech. Accessed April 18, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/51262.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Ligon, Jennifer Marie. “The Effects of Low Stress Cattle Handling and Weaning Training on Post-Weaning Weight Gain and Calf Activity.” 2015. Web. 18 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Ligon JM. The Effects of Low Stress Cattle Handling and Weaning Training on Post-Weaning Weight Gain and Calf Activity. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2015. [cited 2021 Apr 18].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/51262.
Council of Science Editors:
Ligon JM. The Effects of Low Stress Cattle Handling and Weaning Training on Post-Weaning Weight Gain and Calf Activity. [Masters Thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/51262
Virginia Tech
4.
Lugar, Drew William.
Immunological castration of boars temporarily reduces testosterone concentration, testis size and function, without long term effects on libido and sperm quality.
Degree: MS, Animal and Poultry Sciences, 2015, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/51172
► The objective was to determine the effects of immunocastration (Improvest) on reproductive characteristics in boars. Seventy-two boars were used in a randomized design with three…
(more)
▼ The objective was to determine the effects of immunocastration (Improvest) on reproductive characteristics in boars. Seventy-two boars were used in a randomized design with three treatments: single injection (SI) or double injection (DI) of Improvest, and intact controls (no Improvest; CNT) (n = 24/group). At wk 10, 15, 20, 25, and 40, blood was collected and serum harvested to evaluate testosterone concentrations via RIA. At wk 25, 18 pigs (n = 6/ group) were sacrificed and testes were removed, weighed, and measured. Libido was assessed at 32, 36, 47, 60, and 63+ wk of age (1 to 5; 1 = no libido; 5 = high libido) and semen collected beyond 60 wk of age. Testosterone concentrations were less for DI boars compared to CNT boars and SI boars at 20 and 25 wk of age (P < 0.001), but not different at 40 wk of age. All testicular measurements and weight were less for DI boars compared to SI and CNT boars (P < 0.001). There was no treatment effect on libido between 32 to 63+ wk of age. Semen volume, gel weight and total number of sperm cells were not different among treatments. Sperm concentration was greater for DI than SI (P = 0.011), and tended to be greater for DI compared to CNT (P = 0.102). Sperm motility tended to be greater for DI boars compared to CNT boars (P = 0.066). The results show that there are no permanent effects of immunocastration on reproductive characteristics in boars.
Advisors/Committee Members: Estienne, Mark J. (committeechair), Rhoads, Michelle (committee member), Deener%2C%20Sherrie%22%29&pagesize-30">
Clark-
Deener,
Sherrie (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Immunological castration; boar; improvest; libido
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APA (6th Edition):
Lugar, D. W. (2015). Immunological castration of boars temporarily reduces testosterone concentration, testis size and function, without long term effects on libido and sperm quality. (Masters Thesis). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/51172
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Lugar, Drew William. “Immunological castration of boars temporarily reduces testosterone concentration, testis size and function, without long term effects on libido and sperm quality.” 2015. Masters Thesis, Virginia Tech. Accessed April 18, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/51172.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Lugar, Drew William. “Immunological castration of boars temporarily reduces testosterone concentration, testis size and function, without long term effects on libido and sperm quality.” 2015. Web. 18 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Lugar DW. Immunological castration of boars temporarily reduces testosterone concentration, testis size and function, without long term effects on libido and sperm quality. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2015. [cited 2021 Apr 18].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/51172.
Council of Science Editors:
Lugar DW. Immunological castration of boars temporarily reduces testosterone concentration, testis size and function, without long term effects on libido and sperm quality. [Masters Thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/51172
Virginia Tech
5.
Trout, Stephanie Williams.
Evaluation of Different Concentrations of Egg Yolk in Canine Frozen Semen Extender.
Degree: MS, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, 2013, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/19238
► This study tested different concentrations of egg yolk in canine freezing extender void of glycerol, a commonly used cryoprotectant, by examining the motility and morphology…
(more)
▼ This study tested different concentrations of egg yolk in canine freezing extender void of glycerol, a commonly used cryoprotectant, by examining the motility and morphology throughout the freezing process: initial (baseline after extender added), post-cool (after three hours at 5"C) and post-thaw (after freezing.) Initial values of pH, osmolarity, motility and morphology were obtained for comparison of the samples. Spermatozoa from six normal dogs as determined by progressive linear motility > 70% and normal morphology > 60% was used. Semen was collected and pooled for five freezing trials. The concentrations of egg yolk used in the extender were: 0%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40%. Assessment of each sample was blinded to the treatments until all results were obtained and statistics had been analyzed. Based on this study a 20% egg yolk concentration is slightly superior to a 30% egg yolk concentration when assessing post-thaw motility, morphology and longevity and significantly superior to a 0%, 10% or 40% egg yolk concentration. The study also showed motility and normal post-cool and post-thaw sperm morphology did not always correlate. Utilization of 0% and 10% concentrations of egg yolk has negative effects on semen quality as measured by the motility and/or morphology. Results confirm freezing does not affect secondary sperm abnormalities, abnormalities of the tail and distal section of the middle piece, during cooling or freezing. Primary abnormalities, abnormalities of the head and midpiece, increased in the 0% extender during cooling and all extenders during freezing. The pH of the extenders before the addition of sperm was significantly different. Once sperm was added to the extenders, there was no longer a significant difference in pH. There was a positive correlation for both motility and normal morphology percentages post-cool and post-thaw for the extenders with similar osmolarity to the semen.
Advisors/Committee Members: Purswell, Beverly J. (committeechair), Eyestone, Willard H. (committee member), Deener%2C%20Sherrie%22%29&pagesize-30">
Clark-
Deener,
Sherrie (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Canine; Spermatozoa; Freezing; Extender; Egg Yolk
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APA (6th Edition):
Trout, S. W. (2013). Evaluation of Different Concentrations of Egg Yolk in Canine Frozen Semen Extender. (Masters Thesis). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/19238
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Trout, Stephanie Williams. “Evaluation of Different Concentrations of Egg Yolk in Canine Frozen Semen Extender.” 2013. Masters Thesis, Virginia Tech. Accessed April 18, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/19238.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Trout, Stephanie Williams. “Evaluation of Different Concentrations of Egg Yolk in Canine Frozen Semen Extender.” 2013. Web. 18 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Trout SW. Evaluation of Different Concentrations of Egg Yolk in Canine Frozen Semen Extender. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2013. [cited 2021 Apr 18].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/19238.
Council of Science Editors:
Trout SW. Evaluation of Different Concentrations of Egg Yolk in Canine Frozen Semen Extender. [Masters Thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/19238
Virginia Tech
6.
Gibson, Bethany Gale.
Improving the development of bovine in vitro produced embryos cultured individually.
Degree: MS, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, 2014, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/49694
► Previous research in bovine embryology has found that embryos cultured individually have limited ability to develop compared to their counterparts cultured in a group of…
(more)
▼ Previous research in bovine embryology has found that embryos cultured individually have limited ability to develop compared to their counterparts cultured in a group of other embryos. This investigation aimed to find if any of three different interventions over two experiments would increase development of individually cultured embryos to that of group cultured embryos. In the first experiment both the addition of serum/serum replacer and a co-culture with bovine granulosa cells were applied to individually cultured embryos in a 3x2 design. None of the interventions was found to be significantly different from the others, and all resulted in significantly lower development than embryos cultured as a group (avg. 4.7 +/- 1.93% individual vs. 21.7 +/- 3.76% group). However, a significant difference was found in the hatching rate between blastocysts cultured in media including cells (71.4 +/- 17.07%) and those cultured without cells (18.1 +/- 11.63%). In the second experiment, embryos were either cultured in standard droplets or microwells made at the bottom of culture droplets either in groups or individually for a 2x2 design. This experiment experienced poor development in all treatments including the group control, and none of the treatments were found to be significantly different from each other. However, the hatching rate of blastocysts cultured in multiple microwells was significantly higher than those cultured individually in droplets. To summarize, none of the treatments increased the development rate, but embryos cultured with granulosa cell co-cultures and in group microwells showed improvements in hatching rates.
Advisors/Committee Members: Deener%2C%20Sherrie%22%29&pagesize-30">
Clark-
Deener,
Sherrie (committeechair),
Eyestone, Willard H. (committee member),
Ealy, Alan D. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: bovine; embryo; individual culture
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APA (6th Edition):
Gibson, B. G. (2014). Improving the development of bovine in vitro produced embryos cultured individually. (Masters Thesis). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/49694
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Gibson, Bethany Gale. “Improving the development of bovine in vitro produced embryos cultured individually.” 2014. Masters Thesis, Virginia Tech. Accessed April 18, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/49694.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Gibson, Bethany Gale. “Improving the development of bovine in vitro produced embryos cultured individually.” 2014. Web. 18 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Gibson BG. Improving the development of bovine in vitro produced embryos cultured individually. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2014. [cited 2021 Apr 18].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/49694.
Council of Science Editors:
Gibson BG. Improving the development of bovine in vitro produced embryos cultured individually. [Masters Thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/49694
7.
Williams, Kaylyn Renee.
In Vitro Models of Cellular Dedifferentiation for Regenerative Medicine.
Degree: MS, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, 2018, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/83715
► Stem cells have the ability to self-renew and to differentiate into a variety of cell types. Stem cells can be found naturally in the body,…
(more)
▼ Stem cells have the ability to self-renew and to differentiate into a variety of cell types. Stem cells can be found naturally in the body, can be derived from the inner cell mass of blastocysts, or can be made by dedifferentiation of adult cells. Regenerative medicine aims to utilize the potential of stem cells to treat disease and injury. The ability to create stem cell lines from a patient's own tissues allows for transplantation without immunosuppressive therapy as well as patient-specific disease modeling and drug testing. The objective of this study was to use cellular dedifferentiation to create in vitro cell lines with which to study regenerative medicine. First, we used siRNA targeted against myogenin to induce the dedifferentiation of murine C2C12 myotubes into myoblasts. Timelapse photography, immunofluorescence, and western blot analysis support successful dedifferentiation into myoblasts. However, the inability to separate the myotubes and myoblasts prior to siRNA treatment confounded the results. This system has the potential to be used to study mechanisms behind muscle cell regeneration and wound healing, but a better method for separating out the myoblasts needs to be developed before this will be achievable. Second, we used a doxycycline-inducible lentiviral vector encoding the transcription factors Oct4, Sox2, cMyc, and Klf4 to create a line of naive-like porcine induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). This reprogramming vector was verified first in murine cells, the system in which it was developed. Successful production of both murine and porcine iPSC lines was achieved. Both showed alkaline phosphatase activity, immunofluorescence for pluripotency marker (Oct4, Sox2, and Nanog) expression, PCR for upregulation of endogenous pluripotency factors (Oct4, Sox2, cMyc, Klf4, and Nanog), and the ability to form embryoid bodies that expressed markers of all three germ layers. Additionally, we were able to create secondary porcine iPSC lines by exposing cellular outgrowths from embryoid bodies to doxycycline to initiate more efficient production of porcine iPSCs. The secondary porcine iPSCs were similar to the primary porcine iPSCs in their morphology, behavior, alkaline phosphatase expression, and Nanog expression with immunofluorescence. The porcine iPSCs were dependent on doxycycline to maintain pluripotency, indicating that they are not fully reprogrammed. Despite this dependence on doxycyline, this system can be used in the future to study the process of reprogramming, to develop directed differentiation protocols, and to model diseases.
Advisors/Committee Members: Eyestone, Willard H. (committeechair), Deener%2C%20Sherrie%22%29&pagesize-30">
Clark-
Deener,
Sherrie (committee member),
Huckle, William R. (committee member),
Bishop, Colin E. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: dedifferentiation; siRNA; cellular reprogramming; induced pluripotent stem cells; regenerative medicine
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APA (6th Edition):
Williams, K. R. (2018). In Vitro Models of Cellular Dedifferentiation for Regenerative Medicine. (Masters Thesis). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/83715
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Williams, Kaylyn Renee. “In Vitro Models of Cellular Dedifferentiation for Regenerative Medicine.” 2018. Masters Thesis, Virginia Tech. Accessed April 18, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/83715.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Williams, Kaylyn Renee. “In Vitro Models of Cellular Dedifferentiation for Regenerative Medicine.” 2018. Web. 18 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Williams KR. In Vitro Models of Cellular Dedifferentiation for Regenerative Medicine. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2018. [cited 2021 Apr 18].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/83715.
Council of Science Editors:
Williams KR. In Vitro Models of Cellular Dedifferentiation for Regenerative Medicine. [Masters Thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/83715
Virginia Tech
8.
Cecere, Julie T.
Levothyroxine Supplementation in Hypothyroid Bitches During Pregnancy.
Degree: MS, Veterinary Medical Sciences, 2012, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/76819
► Hypothyroidism is the most common endocrine disease in dogs and has been shown to have a hereditary nature in many breeds. Previous studies have documented…
(more)
▼ Hypothyroidism is the most common endocrine disease in dogs and has been shown to have a hereditary nature in many breeds. Previous studies have documented decreased fertility in bitches with experimentally-induced hypothyroidism, decreased viability at birth, increased periparturient mortality, and reduced birth weight in pups born to hypothyroid dogs. Hypothyroid women have an increased demand for exogenous thyroxine throughout gestation in order to maintain normal plasma concentrations of thyroid hormones and produce neuropsychologically normal children. This study was performed to determine if pregnancy causes a similar need for increased levothyroxine dosages in dogs to maintain a euthyroid state. Serum was harvested from blood collected from six bitches with experimentally-induced hypothyroidism that were receiving standard thyroid hormone replacement therapy and from four euthyroid control bitches. Thyroid function tests performed on these samples included total thyroxine (T4), free T4 (FT4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), and 3,5,3'-triiodinine (T3). Thyroid concentrations were measured from ovluation through the end of pregnancy. All bitches whelped normal litters. Euthyroid bitches had no significant alterations in their hormone concentrations throughout pregnancy. None of the supplemented hypothyroid bitches had clinical signs of hypothyroidism throughout the study. Serum concentrations of T4 and FT4 were elevated at multiple sample points during gestation. The results from this study indicate that standard levothyroxine supplementation is adequate to maintain a euthyroid state during pregnancy in experimentally-induced hypothyroid dogs. In addition, there is no evidence that canine thyroid profiles in euthyroid dogs are altered during gestation.
Advisors/Committee Members: Purswell, Beverly J. (committeechair), Panciera, David L. (committee member), Buechner-Maxwell, Virginia A. (committee member), Deener%2C%20Sherrie%22%29&pagesize-30">
Clark-
Deener,
Sherrie (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: levothyroxine; canine; hypothyroidism
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APA (6th Edition):
Cecere, J. T. (2012). Levothyroxine Supplementation in Hypothyroid Bitches During Pregnancy. (Masters Thesis). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/76819
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Cecere, Julie T. “Levothyroxine Supplementation in Hypothyroid Bitches During Pregnancy.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Virginia Tech. Accessed April 18, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/76819.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Cecere, Julie T. “Levothyroxine Supplementation in Hypothyroid Bitches During Pregnancy.” 2012. Web. 18 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Cecere JT. Levothyroxine Supplementation in Hypothyroid Bitches During Pregnancy. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2012. [cited 2021 Apr 18].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/76819.
Council of Science Editors:
Cecere JT. Levothyroxine Supplementation in Hypothyroid Bitches During Pregnancy. [Masters Thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/76819
Virginia Tech
9.
Gudenschwager Basso, Erwin Kristobal Felipe.
Characterization of the expression of angiogenic factors in the feline placenta during development and in feline cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.
Degree: PhD, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, 2018, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/97990
► Throughout gestation, the blood vessel network of the placenta is formed sequentially by processes known as vasculogenesis and angiogenesis, which together meet the needs of…
(more)
▼ Throughout gestation, the blood vessel network of the placenta is formed sequentially by processes known as vasculogenesis and angiogenesis, which together meet the needs of the growing fetus. Normal placental angiogenesis is critical to support adequate fetal growth and assure the health of the offspring. Proper angiogenesis requires precise regulation of expression of agents that modulate this process; otherwise, pathologies of pregnancy such as preeclampsia may occur. The placenta is composed of different layers of tissue, including the lamellar (LZ), junctional, and glandular zones, each with a vascular morphology attuned to its function. We hypothesized that higher expression of pro-angiogenic factors is associated with increased morphological metrics in the LZ, the major vascularized zone. Thus, we aimed to characterize the major changes in morphology and vascular development in the placenta throughout pregnancy in cats, alongside a compressive analysis of the expression of major angiogenic factors and their receptors in the placenta, with an emphasis on the identification and interaction of different isoforms of the VEGF family.
Microscopic analysis of tissue specimens from different stages of pregnancy revealed increased thickness of the LZ, especially during early to mid-gestation, at which time the tissue is composed of abundant materno-fetal interdigitations that appears rich in capillaries. VEGF proteins were detected in placental tissue in both fetal and maternal cells of the placenta, suggesting stimulatory interactions between different cell types to promote growth and angiogenesis. Gene expression analysis of placenta revealed upregulation of the pro-angiogenic factor VEGF-A in mid-pregnancy, followed by a steady decline toward term, consistent with morphologic changes in the LZ. In contrast, another pro-angiogenic factor, PlGF, showed a marked increase toward term; Flt-1, which acts as a receptor or reservoir for PLGF and VEGF A, was also upregulated at late pregnancy. Increased ratios of PLGF:VEGF-A may contribute to LZ proliferation in the last trimester. These findings are consistent with the creation of a proangiogenic placental state during gestation. Overall, we expect that this research will help elucidate mechanisms of placental vascularization, which can be applied to the design of improved strategies to treat vascular complications of pregnancy.
Lastly, we applied the tools developed for placental studies to investigate pathologic angiogenesis in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC), a common skin cancer with major economic and medical impacts in humans and veterinary species. The creation of a new blood supply is essential for growth and metastasis of many tumor types. The goal of this study was to measure expression of variants of proteins that stimulate angiogenesis or transmit an angiogenic stimulus in feline CSCC. The results were mixed, with differences detected in expression of some regulatory agents and, for others, unexpectedly lower expression in CSSC compared to…
Advisors/Committee Members: Huckle, William R. (committeechair), Deener%2C%20Sherrie%22%29&pagesize-30">
Clark-
Deener,
Sherrie (committee member),
Eyestone, Willard H. (committee member),
Gutierrez, Juan Claudio (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Vascular endothelial growth factor; Placental Growth factor; Placenta; Domestic Cat; Angiogenesis; Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma
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APA (6th Edition):
Gudenschwager Basso, E. K. F. (2018). Characterization of the expression of angiogenic factors in the feline placenta during development and in feline cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. (Doctoral Dissertation). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/97990
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Gudenschwager Basso, Erwin Kristobal Felipe. “Characterization of the expression of angiogenic factors in the feline placenta during development and in feline cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, Virginia Tech. Accessed April 18, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/97990.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Gudenschwager Basso, Erwin Kristobal Felipe. “Characterization of the expression of angiogenic factors in the feline placenta during development and in feline cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.” 2018. Web. 18 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Gudenschwager Basso EKF. Characterization of the expression of angiogenic factors in the feline placenta during development and in feline cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 2018. [cited 2021 Apr 18].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/97990.
Council of Science Editors:
Gudenschwager Basso EKF. Characterization of the expression of angiogenic factors in the feline placenta during development and in feline cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/97990
Virginia Tech
10.
Dodd, Lauren.
Feline Obesity: Food Toys and Owner Perceived Quality of Life During a Prescribed Weight.
Degree: MS, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, 2019, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/102626
► The prevalence of overweight and obesity in the feline population is estimated to be 25.7% and 33.8%, respectively. Feline obesity is associated with comorbidities such…
(more)
▼ The prevalence of overweight and obesity in the feline population is estimated to be 25.7% and 33.8%, respectively. Feline obesity is associated with comorbidities such as insulin resistance and hepatic lipidosis. Several risk factors are associated with obesity including middle age, neuter status, decreased activity, and diet. Obesity management is multifaceted and includes client education, diet modification, and consistent monitoring. Successful obesity management may be dependent on owner perception of their cat's quality of life during a prescribed weight loss plan. Poor quality of life perception may result in failure to complete the weight loss process. Food toys may be used to enhance environmental enrichment, allow cats to express their natural predatory behavior and overall improve owner-perceived quality of life. Therefore, we set out to investigate the role of food toys in owner-perceived quality of life of obese cats during a prescribed weight loss plan.
Fifty-five cats with a BCS > 7 were enrolled in a double-blinded weight loss study and randomized into one of two groups: food toy (n=26) or food bowl (n=29). Each cat was provided a prescribed weight loss diet and instructions. Body weight and body condition score were evaluated monthly. Additionally, owners completed a monthly questionnaire to assess their cat's quality of life.
Of the 44 cats in the final analysis, 66% (n=29) successfully completed the study and lost > 2 BCS points and/or achieved an ideal BCS of 5/9. Low-calorie vegetables were offered to the majority of cats (n= 32) due to owner reports of disruptive food seeking behavior. Of the cats offered vegetables, 87.5% (n=28) cats required a commercial palatant to consume the vegetables. All enrolled cats had a higher (p<0.0000) owner-perceive quality of life at the final visit/recheck/end of study (median QOL=110.0), as compared to the initial weight loss appointment (median QOL=126.0). The increase in quality of life was primarily driven by improvement in moving from one place to another, grooming and scratching, engaging in social activities, and playing and hunting. There was no effect (p=0.27) of food toy on owner-perceived quality of life.
Prescribed weight loss improves owner-perceived quality of life of obese cats. A single food toy (ball-style) was included in this study and did not appear to influence owner-perceived QOL. However, the role of food toys needs further investigation as there are several food toy styles that have not yet been investigated during a prescribed weight loss plan. We suspect that most/all of the 32 cats fed vegetables would have withdrawn from the study. Therefore, including vegetables in the prescribed weight loss plan appears to improve success of weight loss in obese cats.
Advisors/Committee Members: Shepherd, Megan Leigh (committeechair), Dervisis, Nikolaos (committee member), Hosig, Kathryn Wright (committee member), Deener%2C%20Sherrie%20Gayle%22%29&pagesize-30">
Clark-
Deener,
Sherrie Gayle (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Feline; Obesity; Weight loss
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Dodd, L. (2019). Feline Obesity: Food Toys and Owner Perceived Quality of Life During a Prescribed Weight. (Masters Thesis). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/102626
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Dodd, Lauren. “Feline Obesity: Food Toys and Owner Perceived Quality of Life During a Prescribed Weight.” 2019. Masters Thesis, Virginia Tech. Accessed April 18, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/102626.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Dodd, Lauren. “Feline Obesity: Food Toys and Owner Perceived Quality of Life During a Prescribed Weight.” 2019. Web. 18 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Dodd L. Feline Obesity: Food Toys and Owner Perceived Quality of Life During a Prescribed Weight. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2019. [cited 2021 Apr 18].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/102626.
Council of Science Editors:
Dodd L. Feline Obesity: Food Toys and Owner Perceived Quality of Life During a Prescribed Weight. [Masters Thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/102626
Virginia Tech
11.
Smith, Garrett Paul.
Immunocontraceptive vaccines against brucellosis and population growth in feral swine.
Degree: PhD, Veterinary Medical Sciences, 2016, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77987
► Feral swine are a nuisance species across the United States that costs around $1.5 billion each year in agricultural, environmental, and personal property damages. In…
(more)
▼ Feral swine are a nuisance species across the United States that costs around $1.5 billion each year in agricultural, environmental, and personal property damages. In the last ten years the population of feral swine is estimated to have quadrupled and novel population control methods are needed. Furthermore, feral swine are known carriers of zoonotic diseases such as brucellosis, which threatens both livestock biosecurity and public health. Recombinant multimeric gonadotropin-releasing hormone (mGnRH) has been previously used as a subunit vaccine to induce immunocontraception in feral pigs. However, potent adjuvants and large amounts of purified antigen are needed to elicit a robust anti-GnRH immune response and current delivery methods are limited. Brucella suis strain VTRS2 can be used as a novel platform to deliver mGnRH without the use of antibiotic resistant markers. Strain VTRS2 was created by deletion of the LPS biosynthesis gene wboA as well as the leuB gene required for leucine biosynthesis inside the nutrient-depleted intracellular environment occupied by Brucella. Mutations in wboA are known to attenuate Brucella strains such as the vaccine strain B. abortus RB51, however strain RB51 is rifampin resistant and has poor efficacy in swine. Strain VTRS2 confers significant protection against B. suis challenge in mice and additionally shows evidence of protection in feral swine. Furthermore, the mGnRH antigen can be delivered using the pNS4 plasmid (which expresses leuB under its native promoter) thus maintaining the plasmid in strain VTRS2 under leucine-deficient conditions while expressing recombinant antigen in the host. The murine model was used to determine the clearance kinetics of strain VTRS2-mGnRH and to measure vaccine efficacy against challenge by virulent B. suis 1330. Subsequently the effects of the VTRS2-mGnRH vaccine on fertility were assessed in breeding trials in mice. Strains VTRS2 and VTRS2-mGnRH were found to be protective against virulent Brucella suis challenge. Strain VTRS2-mGnRH elicited an anti-mGnRH antibody response in vaccinated mice, though an effect on fertility was not observed. An improved vaccine against brucellosis in swine, which also confers immunocontraception without the introduction of antibiotic resistance, could become an important tool in the management of this nuisance invasive species.
Advisors/Committee Members: Sriranganathan, Nammalwar (committeechair), Boyle, Stephen M. (committee member), Deener%2C%20Sherrie%22%29&pagesize-30">
Clark-
Deener,
Sherrie (committee member),
Larson, Timothy J. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: immunocontraception; vaccine; brucellosis; Brucella; feral swine; mouse model; mGnRH; infertility
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Smith, G. P. (2016). Immunocontraceptive vaccines against brucellosis and population growth in feral swine. (Doctoral Dissertation). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77987
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Smith, Garrett Paul. “Immunocontraceptive vaccines against brucellosis and population growth in feral swine.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, Virginia Tech. Accessed April 18, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77987.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Smith, Garrett Paul. “Immunocontraceptive vaccines against brucellosis and population growth in feral swine.” 2016. Web. 18 Apr 2021.
Vancouver:
Smith GP. Immunocontraceptive vaccines against brucellosis and population growth in feral swine. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 2016. [cited 2021 Apr 18].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77987.
Council of Science Editors:
Smith GP. Immunocontraceptive vaccines against brucellosis and population growth in feral swine. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77987
. 
Open Access Theses and Dissertations
