+publisher:"Virginia Tech" +contributor:("Agblevor, Foster Aryi")

Virginia Tech

1. Revell, Kenneth Todd. The effect of fast pyrolysis biochar made from poultry litter on soil properties and plant growth.

Degree: MS, Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences, 2011, Virginia Tech

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36493

► Little is known about the effect of biochar created from poultry litter on soil properties and plant growth. Five studies were conducted using biochar made… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: biochar; pyrolysis; poultry litter

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APA (6^th Edition):

Revell, K. T. (2011). The effect of fast pyrolysis biochar made from poultry litter on soil properties and plant growth. (Masters Thesis). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36493

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Revell, Kenneth Todd. “The effect of fast pyrolysis biochar made from poultry litter on soil properties and plant growth.” 2011. Masters Thesis, Virginia Tech. Accessed January 25, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36493.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Revell, Kenneth Todd. “The effect of fast pyrolysis biochar made from poultry litter on soil properties and plant growth.” 2011. Web. 25 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Revell KT. The effect of fast pyrolysis biochar made from poultry litter on soil properties and plant growth. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 25]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36493.

Council of Science Editors:

Revell KT. The effect of fast pyrolysis biochar made from poultry litter on soil properties and plant growth. [Masters Thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36493

Virginia Tech

2. Abdellaoui, Hamza. Investigation of Poultry Litter Bochar as a Potential Electrode for Direct Carbon Fuel Cells.

Degree: MS, Biological Systems Engineering, 2013, Virginia Tech

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/49617

► Direct carbon fuel cell (DCFC) is a high temperature fuel cell (around 700 "C) that produces electrical energy from the direct conversion of the chemical… (more)

▼ Direct carbon fuel cell (DCFC) is a high temperature fuel cell (around 700 "C) that produces electrical energy from the direct conversion of the chemical energy of carbon. DCFC has a higher achievable efficiency of 80% compared to other fuel cells and the corresponding CO2 emission is very low compared to conventional coal-burning power plants. Moreover, a DCFC can use diversified fuel resources even waste material, which is advantageous compared to other types of fuel cells which are limited to specific fuels. DCFCs are still under development due to a number of fundamental and technological challenges such as the efficiency of carbon fuels and the effect of impurities on the performance and lifetime of the DCFC. These are key factors for the development and commercialization of these devices. In this study, three biochars obtained from the pyrolysis of poultry litters (PL) collected from Tunisian and US farmers, were characterized to see whether they can be potential anode fuels for DCFC or not. PL biochars have low fixed carbon contents (19-35 wt%) and high ash contents (32.5-63 wt%). These ashes contain around 40 wt% catalytic oxides for carbon oxidation reaction, however, these oxides have very low electrical conductivities, which resulted in the very low (negligible) electrical conductivity of the PL biochars (7.7x10-9-70.56x10-9 S/cm) at room temperature. Moreover, the high ash contents resulted in low surface areas (3.34-4.2 m"/g). These findings disqualified PL biochar from being a potential anode fuel for DCFCs. Chemical demineralization in the sequence HF/HCl followed by carbonization at 950" C of the PL biochars will result in higher fixed carbon content, higher surface area, and higher electrical conductivities. Moreover, the treated PL biochars would contain a potential catalyst (Calcium in the form of CaF2) for carbon oxidation. All these criteria would qualify the treated PL biochars to be potential fuels for DCFC. Advisors/Committee Members: Zhang, Chenming Mike (committeechair), Agblevor, Foster Aryi (committeechair), Senger, Ryan S. (committee member), Halouani, Kamel (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Poultry litter biochar; Direct Carbon Fuel Cell; demineralization; carbonization; electrical conductivity

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APA (6^th Edition):

Abdellaoui, H. (2013). Investigation of Poultry Litter Bochar as a Potential Electrode for Direct Carbon Fuel Cells. (Masters Thesis). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/49617

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Abdellaoui, Hamza. “Investigation of Poultry Litter Bochar as a Potential Electrode for Direct Carbon Fuel Cells.” 2013. Masters Thesis, Virginia Tech. Accessed January 25, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/49617.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Abdellaoui, Hamza. “Investigation of Poultry Litter Bochar as a Potential Electrode for Direct Carbon Fuel Cells.” 2013. Web. 25 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Abdellaoui H. Investigation of Poultry Litter Bochar as a Potential Electrode for Direct Carbon Fuel Cells. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2013. [cited 2021 Jan 25]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/49617.

Council of Science Editors:

Abdellaoui H. Investigation of Poultry Litter Bochar as a Potential Electrode for Direct Carbon Fuel Cells. [Masters Thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/49617

Virginia Tech

3. Mante, Nii Ofei Daku. Fractional Catalytic Pyrolysis Technology for the Production of Upgraded Bio-oil using FCC Catalyst.

Degree: PhD, Biological Systems Engineering, 2011, Virginia Tech

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40436

► Catalytic pyrolysis technology is one of the thermochemical platforms used to produce high quality bio-oil and chemicals from biomass feedstocks. In the catalytic pyrolysis process,… (more)

▼ Catalytic pyrolysis technology is one of the thermochemical platforms used to produce high quality bio-oil and chemicals from biomass feedstocks. In the catalytic pyrolysis process, the biomass is rapidly heated under inert atmosphere in the presence of an acid catalyst or zeolite to promote deoxygenation and cracking of the primary vapors into hydrocarbons and small oxygenates. This dissertation examines the utilization of conventional fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst in the fractional catalytic pyrolysis of hybrid poplar wood. The influence of Y-zeolite content, steam treatment, addition of ZSM-5 additive, process conditions (temperature, weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) and vapor residence time) and recycling of the non-condensable gases (NCG) on the product distribution and the quality of the bio-oil were investigated. The first part of the study demonstrates the influence of catalytic property of FCC catalyst on the product distribution and quality of the bio-oil. It was found that FCC catalyst with higher Y-zeolite content produces higher coke yield and lower organic liquid fraction (OLF). Conversely, FCC catalyst with lower Y-zeolite content results in lower coke yield and higher OLF. The results showed that higher Y-zeolite content extensively cracks dehydrated products from cellulose decomposition and demethoxylates phenolic compounds from lignin degradation. The Y-zeolite promoted both deoxygenation and coke forming reactions due to its high catalytic activity and large pore size. Higher Y-zeolite content increased the quality of the bio-oil with respect to higher heating value (HHV), pH, density, and viscosity. The steam treatment at 732 °C and 788 °C decreased the total BET surface area of the FCC catalyst. The findings suggest that steam treatment reduces the coking tendency of the FCC catalyst and enhances the yield of the OLF. Analysis of the bio-oils showed that the steamed FCC catalyst produces bio-oil with lower viscosity and density. Gas chromatography and 13C-NMR spectrometry suggest that steam treatment affect the catalyst selectivity in the formation of CO, CO2, H2, CH4, C2-C5 hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons. The addition of ZSM-5 additive to the FCC catalyst was found to alter the characteristic/functionality of the catalytic medium. The product slate showed decrease in coke yield and increase in OLF with increase in ZSM-5 additive. The FCC/ZSM-5 additive hybrid catalysts produced bio-oils with relatively lower viscosity and higher pH value. The formation of CO2, CH4, and H2 decreased whilst C5 and aromatic hydrocarbons increased with increase in ZSM-5 additive level. The second part of the work assesses the effect of operating conditions on the catalytic pyrolysis process. The response surface methodology study showed reaction temperature to be the most influential statistically significant independent variable on char/coke yield, concentration of non-condensable gases, carbon content, oxygen content, pH and viscosity of the bio-oils. The WHSV was the most important… Advisors/Committee Members: Zhang, Chenming Mike (committeechair), Jayaram, Sankar (committee member), Frazier, Charles E. (committee member), McClung, Ronald G. (committee member), Agblevor, Foster Aryi (committeecochair).

Subjects/Keywords: fractional catalytic pyrolysis; FCC catalyst; bio-oil; biomass; response surface methodology; recycling of non-condensable gases; Y-zeolite; ZSM-5

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APA (6^th Edition):

Mante, N. O. D. (2011). Fractional Catalytic Pyrolysis Technology for the Production of Upgraded Bio-oil using FCC Catalyst. (Doctoral Dissertation). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40436

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Mante, Nii Ofei Daku. “Fractional Catalytic Pyrolysis Technology for the Production of Upgraded Bio-oil using FCC Catalyst.” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, Virginia Tech. Accessed January 25, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40436.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Mante, Nii Ofei Daku. “Fractional Catalytic Pyrolysis Technology for the Production of Upgraded Bio-oil using FCC Catalyst.” 2011. Web. 25 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Mante NOD. Fractional Catalytic Pyrolysis Technology for the Production of Upgraded Bio-oil using FCC Catalyst. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 2011. [cited 2021 Jan 25]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40436.

Council of Science Editors:

Mante NOD. Fractional Catalytic Pyrolysis Technology for the Production of Upgraded Bio-oil using FCC Catalyst. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40436

Virginia Tech

4. Jeoh, Tina. Steam Explosion Pretreatment of Cotton Gin Waste for Fuel Ethanol Production.

Degree: MS, Biological Systems Engineering, 1998, Virginia Tech

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30943

► The current research investigates the utilization of cotton gin waste as a feedstock to produce a value-added product - fuel ethanol. Cotton gin waste consists… (more)

▼ The current research investigates the utilization of cotton gin waste as a feedstock to produce a value-added product - fuel ethanol. Cotton gin waste consists of pieces of burs, stems, motes (immature seeds) and cotton fiber, and is considered to be a lignocellulosic material. The three main chemical constituents are cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Cellulose and hemicellulose are polysaccharides of primarily fermentable sugars, glucose and xylose respectively. Hemicellulose also includes small fractions of arabinose, galactose, and mannose, all of which are fermentable as well. The main issue in converting cotton gin waste to fuel ethanol is the accessibility of the polysaccharides for enzymatic breakdown into monosaccharides. This study focused on the use of steam explosion as the pretreatment method. Steam explosion treatment of biomass has been previously described to increase cellulose accessibility. The governing factors for the effectiveness of steam explosion are steam temperature and retention times. The two factors are combined into a single severity term, log(Ro). Following steam explosion pretreatment, cotton gin waste was subjected to enzyme hydrolysis using Primalco basic cellulase. The sugars released by enzyme hydrolysis were fermented by a genetically engineered Escherichia coli (Escherichia coli KO11). The effect of steam explosion pretreatment on ethanol production from cotton gin waste was studied using a statistically based experimental design. The results obtained from this study showed that steam exploded cotton gin waste is a heterogeneous material. Drying and milling of steam exploded cotton gin waste was necessary to reduce variability in compositional analysis. Raw cotton gin waste was found to have 52.3% fermentable sugars. The fiber loss during the steam explosion treatment was high, up to 24.1%. Xylan and glucan loss from the pretreatment was linear with respect to steam explosion severity. Steam explosion treatment on cotton gin waste increased the hydrolysis of cellulose by enzyme hydrolysis. Following 24 hours of enzyme hydrolysis, a maximum cellulose conversion of 66.9% was obtained at a severity of 4.68. Similarly, sugar to ethanol conversions were improved by steam explosion. Maximum sugar to ethanol conversion of 83.1% was observed at a severity of 3.56. The conclusions drawn from this study are the following: steam explosion was able to improve both glucose yields from enzyme hydrolysis and ethanol yields from fermentation. However, when analyzed on whole biomass, or starting material basis, it was found that the fiber loss incurred during steam explosion treatment negated the gain in ethanol yield. Advisors/Committee Members: Agblevor, Foster Aryi (committeechair), Chen, Jiann-Shin (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Enzyme Hydrolysis; Cotton Gin Waste; Steam Explosion; Fermentation

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APA (6^th Edition):

Jeoh, T. (1998). Steam Explosion Pretreatment of Cotton Gin Waste for Fuel Ethanol Production. (Masters Thesis). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30943

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Jeoh, Tina. “Steam Explosion Pretreatment of Cotton Gin Waste for Fuel Ethanol Production.” 1998. Masters Thesis, Virginia Tech. Accessed January 25, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30943.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Jeoh, Tina. “Steam Explosion Pretreatment of Cotton Gin Waste for Fuel Ethanol Production.” 1998. Web. 25 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Jeoh T. Steam Explosion Pretreatment of Cotton Gin Waste for Fuel Ethanol Production. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Virginia Tech; 1998. [cited 2021 Jan 25]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30943.

Council of Science Editors:

Jeoh T. Steam Explosion Pretreatment of Cotton Gin Waste for Fuel Ethanol Production. [Masters Thesis]. Virginia Tech; 1998. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30943

Virginia Tech

5. Teye, Frederick David. Continuous flash extraction of alcohols from fermentation broth.

Degree: MS, Biological Systems Engineering, 2009, Virginia Tech

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31418

► A new method of in situ extraction of alcohols from fermentation broth was investigated. The extraction method exploited the latent advantages of the non-equilibrium phase… (more)

▼ A new method of in situ extraction of alcohols from fermentation broth was investigated. The extraction method exploited the latent advantages of the non-equilibrium phase interaction of the fluid system in the flash tank to effectively recover the alcohol. Carbon dioxide gas ranging from 4.2L/min to 12.6L/min was used to continuously strip 2 and 12% (v/v) ethanol solution in a fermentor with a recycle. Ethanol and water in the stripped gas was recovered by compressing and then flashing into a flash tank that was maintained at 5 to 70bar and 5 to 55 °C where two immiscible phases comprising CO2-rich phase (top layer) and H2O-rich phase (bottom layer) were formed. The H2O-rich bottom layer was collected as the Bottoms. The CO2-rich phase was continuously throttled producing a condensate (Tops) as a result of the Joule-Thompson cooling effect. The total ethanol recovered from the extraction scheme was 46.0 to 80% for the fermentor containing 2% (v/v) ethanol and 57 to 89% for the fermentor containing 12% (v/v) ethanol. The concentration of ethanol in the Bottoms ranged from 8.0 to 14.9 %(v/v) for the extraction from the 2 %(v/v) ethanol solution and 40.0 to 53.8 %(v/v) for the 12% (v/v) fermentor ethanol extraction. The Bottoms concentration showed a fourfold increase compared to the feed. The ethanol concentration of the Tops were much higher with the highest at approx. 90% (v/v) ethanol, however the yields were extremely low. Compression work required ranged from 6.4 to 20.1 MJ/kg ethanol recovered from the gas stream in the case of 12% (v/v) ethanol in fermentor. The energy requirement for the 2% (v/v) extraction was 84MJ/kg recovered ethanol. The measured Joule-Thompson cooling effect for the extraction scheme was in the range of 10 to 20% the work of compressing the gas. The lowest measured throttle valve temperature was -47 °C at the flash tank conditions of 70bar and 25 °C. Optimization of the extraction scheme showed that increasing the temperature of the flash tank reduced the amount of ethanol recovered. Increasing the pressure of the flash tank increased the total ethanol recovered but beyond 45bar it appeared to reduce the yield. The 12.6L/min carbon dioxide flow rate favored the high pressure(70bar) extraction whiles 4.2L/min appeared to favor the low pressure(40bar) extraction. The studies showed that the extraction method could potentially be used to recover ethanol and other fermentation products. Advisors/Committee Members: Agblevor, Foster Aryi (committeechair), Zhang, Chenming Mike (committee member), Achenie, Luke E. K. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: saturation temperature; equilibrium; Flashing; Bottoms; Tops; critical pressure; gas partition; Joule-Thompson coefficient; critical temperature; isothermal flash tank; throttling; saturation pressure

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APA (6^th Edition):

Teye, F. D. (2009). Continuous flash extraction of alcohols from fermentation broth. (Masters Thesis). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31418

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Teye, Frederick David. “Continuous flash extraction of alcohols from fermentation broth.” 2009. Masters Thesis, Virginia Tech. Accessed January 25, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31418.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Teye, Frederick David. “Continuous flash extraction of alcohols from fermentation broth.” 2009. Web. 25 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Teye FD. Continuous flash extraction of alcohols from fermentation broth. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2009. [cited 2021 Jan 25]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31418.

Council of Science Editors:

Teye FD. Continuous flash extraction of alcohols from fermentation broth. [Masters Thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2009. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31418

Virginia Tech

6. Atadana, Frederick Williams. Catalytic Pyrolysis of Cellulose, Hemicellulose and Lignin Model Compounds.

Degree: MS, Biological Systems Engineering, 2010, Virginia Tech

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31251

► The effect of HZSM-5 catalyst and NaOH pretreatment on the product distribution and bio oil properties from pyrolysis of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin model… (more)

▼ The effect of HZSM-5 catalyst and NaOH pretreatment on the product distribution and bio oil properties from pyrolysis of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin model compounds was investigated at 450 Â°C. NaOH pretreated and untreated cellulose was pyrolyzed on sand and the HZSM-5 catalysts; VPISU001 HZSM-5, BASF HZSM-5, and Sud-Chemie HZSM-5. The pyrolysis of cellulose on BASF and Sud-Chemie HZSM-5 catalysts increased the yields of the organic liquid fraction, total liquid and char while decreasing the gas yields. However the catalyst decreased the organic and char yields while increasing the water yields but there was no change in gas yields. The NaOH treatment caused a decrease in the organic and total oil yields relative to the control but the char yield increased. The change in gas yields was not significant. The characterization of the oils using FTIR and 13Câ nmr showed that, the VPISU001 HZSM-5 with and without NaOH pretreatment caused elimination of the levoglucosan fraction while increasing the aromatic fraction. The NaOH pretreated cellulose pyrolyzed on sand reduced the levoglucosan groups while increasing the aromatic fraction of the bio oil. In the hemicellulose studies, birchwood xylan and NaOH treated xylan samples were pyrolyzed on sand and VPISU001 HZSM-5 catalyst. The organic liquid yields were very low and ranged from 3.3 wt% to 7.2 wt%, the water yields ranged from 17.8-25.7 wt%, the char yield were 17.8-25 wt% and gas yield were 40.9-49.6 wt%. The HZSM-5 catalysts increased the water and gas yields and produced the lowest char yield. NaOH pretreatment produced the lowest water yield while the char yield was the highest. The combined effect of NaOH pretreatment and HZSM-5 produced the lowest organic yield and highest char yield. The FTIR and 13C-nmr analyses of the organic liquids showed that the HZSM-5 catalyst promoted the formation of aromatic products, while the NaOH pretreatment promoted the formation of aliphatic hydrocarbons. The combined effect of NaOH pretreatment and HZSM-5 catalyst seem to promote the formation of anhydrosugars. The main gases evolved were CO, CO₂ and low molecular weight hydrocarbons. The HZSM-5 catalyst promoted CO formation while NaOH pretreatment promoted CO₂. The HZSM-5 catalyst produced the highest yield of low molecular weight hydrocarbon gases. The lignin and model compounds studies involved using low molecular weight kraft lignin, guaiacol, and syringol which were pyrolyzed on sand and VPISU001 HZSM-5 catalyst at 450 Â°C. The kraft lignin pyrolysis produced low liquid and gas yields and high char yields. The HZSM-5 catalysts increased the water yield and decreased the organic liquid yield. NaOH pretreatment increased the char yield and decreased the liquid products. NaOH and the HZSM-5 catalyst together decreased the char and increased the gas yields. The 13C-nmr and FTIR analysis showed that NaOH pretreatment promoted the formation of mainly guaiacol while the HZSM-5 catalyst formed different aromatic components. NaOH pretreatment… Advisors/Committee Members: Agblevor, Foster Aryi (committeechair), Barone, Justin R. (committee member), Aning, Alexander O. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: oil properties; product distribution; char; bio oil; fast pyrolysis; model compounds; lignin; hemicellulose; cellulose; FT-IR spectrometry; 13C-nmr spectrometry.

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Atadana, F. W. (2010). Catalytic Pyrolysis of Cellulose, Hemicellulose and Lignin Model Compounds. (Masters Thesis). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31251

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Atadana, Frederick Williams. “Catalytic Pyrolysis of Cellulose, Hemicellulose and Lignin Model Compounds.” 2010. Masters Thesis, Virginia Tech. Accessed January 25, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31251.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Atadana, Frederick Williams. “Catalytic Pyrolysis of Cellulose, Hemicellulose and Lignin Model Compounds.” 2010. Web. 25 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Atadana FW. Catalytic Pyrolysis of Cellulose, Hemicellulose and Lignin Model Compounds. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2010. [cited 2021 Jan 25]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31251.

Council of Science Editors:

Atadana FW. Catalytic Pyrolysis of Cellulose, Hemicellulose and Lignin Model Compounds. [Masters Thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2010. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31251

Virginia Tech

7. Tarrant, Ryan Carl Allen. Influence of a Biodegradable Litter Amendment on the Pyrolysis of Poultry Litter.

Degree: MS, Biological Systems Engineering, 2010, Virginia Tech

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35126

► The effects of adding a biodegradable litter amendment (AmmoSoak), developed from steam exploded corncobs, to poultry litter prior to pyrolysis on the product yields and… (more)

▼ The effects of adding a biodegradable litter amendment (AmmoSoak), developed from steam exploded corncobs, to poultry litter prior to pyrolysis on the product yields and qualities were investigated. Mixtures of litter and AmmoSoak were pyrolyzed in a bench-scale fluidized bed reactor. The objective of the second phase was to start-up a pilot-scale fluidized bed reactor unit. The poultry litter had a lower higher heating value (HHV), higher moisture, ash, nitrogen, sulfur, and chlorine contents than AmmoSoak. Analysis of the poultry litter indicated a mixture of volatiles, hemicelluloses, cellulose, lignin, ash, and proteins. AmmoSoak had a simpler composition than the litter; mainly hemicelluloses, cellulose, and lignin. Bench-scale studies indicated that adding AmmoSoak affected the yields and characteristics of the products. Addition of Ammosoak increased the bio-oil and syngas yields and decreased char yields. Adding AmmoSoak to the feed decreased the pH, water contents, initial viscosity, and the rate at which the viscosity increased with time, while densities and HHVs increased. The addition of Ammosoak to poultry litter also increased the carbon and oxygen contents of the boi-oils while nitrogen, hydrogen, sulfur, chlorine and ash contents decreased. A pilot-scale fluidized bed reactor was designed, constructed, installed and investigated for the pyrolysis of poultry litter. Fluidization and thermal equilibrium of the reactor were successfully demonstrated. The reactor was heated by combustion of propane. To ensure complete combustion, the combustion water was collected and compared to the stoichiometric yield. Complete combustion was achieved. Bio-oil yields on the pilot scale were lower than those obtained on the bench-scale pyrolysis unit. The water soluble fractions of the bio-oils were rich in oxygen. Water insoluble fractions were rich in carbon and ash. Advisors/Committee Members: Agblevor, Foster Aryi (committeechair), Barone, Justin R. (committee member), Nelson, Douglas J. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Oil Properties; char; Bio-oil; Fast Pyrolysis; Corncob; Steam Exploded; Litter Amendment; Poultry Litter; 13C-nmr spectrometry; FT-IR Spectrophotometry

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APA (6^th Edition):

Tarrant, R. C. A. (2010). Influence of a Biodegradable Litter Amendment on the Pyrolysis of Poultry Litter. (Masters Thesis). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35126

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Tarrant, Ryan Carl Allen. “Influence of a Biodegradable Litter Amendment on the Pyrolysis of Poultry Litter.” 2010. Masters Thesis, Virginia Tech. Accessed January 25, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35126.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Tarrant, Ryan Carl Allen. “Influence of a Biodegradable Litter Amendment on the Pyrolysis of Poultry Litter.” 2010. Web. 25 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Tarrant RCA. Influence of a Biodegradable Litter Amendment on the Pyrolysis of Poultry Litter. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2010. [cited 2021 Jan 25]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35126.

Council of Science Editors:

Tarrant RCA. Influence of a Biodegradable Litter Amendment on the Pyrolysis of Poultry Litter. [Masters Thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2010. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35126

Virginia Tech

8. Zhang, Wei. Microbubble fermentation of recombinant Pichia pastoris for human serum albumin production.

Degree: MS, Biological Systems Engineering, 2003, Virginia Tech

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33395

► The high cell density fermentation of recombinant Pichia pastoris for human serum albumin (HSA) production is a high oxygen demand process. The oxygen demand is… (more)

▼ The high cell density fermentation of recombinant Pichia pastoris for human serum albumin (HSA) production is a high oxygen demand process. The oxygen demand is usually met by increased agitation rate and use of oxygen-enriched air. Microbubble fermentation however can supply adequate oxygen to the microorganisms at relatively low agitation rates because of improved mass transfer of the microbubbles used for the sparging. Conventionally sparged fermentations were conducted for the production of HSA using P. pastoris at agitation rates of 350, 500, and 750 rpm, and were compared to MBD sparged fermentation at 150, 350, and 500 rpm agitation rates. The MBD improved the volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient (kLa) and subsequently increased the cell mass and protein production compared to conventional fermentation. Cell production in MBD fermentation at 350 rpm was 4.6 times higher than that in conventional fermentation at 350 rpm, but similar to that in the conventional 750 rpm. Maximum cell mass productivity in the conventional 350 rpm was only 0.37 g / (Lâ ¢h), while the maximum value in MBD 350 rpm was 2.0 g / (Lâ ¢h), which was similar to 2.2 g / (Lâ ¢h) in the conventional 750 rpm. Biomass yield on glycerol Ys (g cell/ g glycerol) was 0.334 g / g in the conventional 350 rpm, 0.431 g / g in MBD 350 rpm and 0.438 g / g in the conventional 750 rpm. Protein production in MBD 350 rpm was 7.3 times higher than that in the conventional 350 rpm, but similar to the conventional 750 rpm. Maximum protein productivity in the conventional 350 rpm was 0.37 mg / (Lâ ¢h), 2.8 mg / (Lâ ¢h) in MBD 350 rpm, and 3.3 mg / (Lâ ¢h) in the conventional 750 rpm. Protein yield on methanol Yp (mg protein / g methanol) was 1.57 mg /g in the conventional 350 rpm, 5.02 in MBD 350 rpm, and 5.21 in the conventional 750 rpm. The volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient kLa was 1011.9 h-1 in MBD 350 rpm, which was 6.1 times higher than that in the conventional 350 rpm (164.9 h-1) but was similar to the conventional 750 rpm (1098 h-1). Therefore, MBD fermentation results at low agitation of 350 rpm were similar to those in the conventional fermentation at high agitation of 750 rpm. There was considerable improvement in oxygen transfer to the microorganism using MBD sparging relative to the conventional sparging. Conventional fermentations were conducted both in a Biostat Q fermenter (small) at 500 rpm, 750 rpm, and 1000 rpm, and in a Bioflo III fermenter (large) at 350 rpm, 500 rpm, and 750 rpm. At the same agitation rate of 500 rpm, cell production in the large reactor was 3.8 times higher than that in the small one, and no detectable protein was produced in the small reactor at 500 rpm. At the same agitation rate of 750 rpm, both cell production and protein production in the large reactor were 4.6 times higher than the small reactor. Thus, the Bioflo III fermenter showed higher oxygen transfer efficiency than the Biostat Q fermenter, because of the more efficient aeration design of the Bioflo III fermenter. Advisors/Committee Members: Agblevor, Foster Aryi (committeechair), Cundiff, John S. (committee member), Zhang, Chenming Mike (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Pichia pastoris fermentation; oxygen transfer; human serum albumin; microbubble dispersion

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Zhang, W. (2003). Microbubble fermentation of recombinant Pichia pastoris for human serum albumin production. (Masters Thesis). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33395

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Zhang, Wei. “Microbubble fermentation of recombinant Pichia pastoris for human serum albumin production.” 2003. Masters Thesis, Virginia Tech. Accessed January 25, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33395.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Zhang, Wei. “Microbubble fermentation of recombinant Pichia pastoris for human serum albumin production.” 2003. Web. 25 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Zhang W. Microbubble fermentation of recombinant Pichia pastoris for human serum albumin production. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2003. [cited 2021 Jan 25]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33395.

Council of Science Editors:

Zhang W. Microbubble fermentation of recombinant Pichia pastoris for human serum albumin production. [Masters Thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2003. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33395

Virginia Tech

9. Ibrahim, Mazlan. Clean Fractionation of Biomass - Steam Explosion and Extraction.

Degree: MS, Wood Science and Forest Products, 1998, Virginia Tech

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36583

► The fractionation of two biomass resources, red oak (Quercus rubra) chips and oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) trunk solids, into constitutive chemical components, cellulose, hemicelluloses (called… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Red oak (Quercus rubra); Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis); Hydrothermal process; Cellulose; Lignin; Hemicelluloses; Summative analysis.

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APA (6^th Edition):

Ibrahim, M. (1998). Clean Fractionation of Biomass - Steam Explosion and Extraction. (Masters Thesis). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36583

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Ibrahim, Mazlan. “Clean Fractionation of Biomass - Steam Explosion and Extraction.” 1998. Masters Thesis, Virginia Tech. Accessed January 25, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36583.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Ibrahim, Mazlan. “Clean Fractionation of Biomass - Steam Explosion and Extraction.” 1998. Web. 25 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Ibrahim M. Clean Fractionation of Biomass - Steam Explosion and Extraction. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Virginia Tech; 1998. [cited 2021 Jan 25]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36583.

Council of Science Editors:

Ibrahim M. Clean Fractionation of Biomass - Steam Explosion and Extraction. [Masters Thesis]. Virginia Tech; 1998. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36583

Virginia Tech

10. Holler, Christopher J. Purification of an acidic recombinant protein from transgenic tobacco.

Degree: MS, Biological Systems Engineering, 2007, Virginia Tech

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32379

► Tobacco has been studied as a host for producing recombinant therapeutic proteins on a large-scale, commercial basis. However, the proteins expressed in tobacco usually need… (more)

▼ Tobacco has been studied as a host for producing recombinant therapeutic proteins on a large-scale, commercial basis. However, the proteins expressed in tobacco usually need to be purified to high yield and purity from large amounts of biomass in order for their production to be commercially viable. The methods needed to purify proteins from tobacco are very challenging and not well studied. The objective of this research was to develop a process for the purification of the acidic model protein, recombinant Î²-glucuronidase (rGUS), from transgenic tobacco leaf tissue to high yield and purity. Polyelectrolyte precipitation with polyethyleneimine (PEI) was identified as an initial purification step for purifying acidic recombinant proteins from tobacco. Polyethyleneimine precipitation allowed for high recovery and concentration of the target protein while removing large amounts of impurities from the initial extract. At dosages of 700-800 mg PEI/g total protein, nearly 100% of the rGUS activity was precipitated with generally more than 90% recovered from the pellet. In addition, more than 60% of the native tobacco proteins were removed in the process, resulting in a purification factor near 4. Recombinant GUS was further purified by a step of hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) followed by a step of hydroxyapatite chromatography (HAC). The HIC step served to remove PEI and other contaminants such as nucleic acids that were accumulated during the precipitation step, while the HAC step served to separate rGUS from the remaining native tobacco proteins, most notably ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase (Rubisco). Nearly 40% of the initial rGUS activity was recovered as a near homogeneous fraction based on SDS-PAGE analysis after the three step process. The main steps used in this process are anticipated to be scalable and do not rely on affinity separations, making the process potentially applicable to a wide variety of acidic recombinant proteins expressed in tobacco as well as other leafy crops. Advisors/Committee Members: Zhang, Chenming Mike (committeechair), Helm, Richard Frederick (committee member), Agblevor, Foster Aryi (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: liquid chromatography; protein purification; transgenic tobacco; Î²-glucuronidase; polyelectrolyte precipitation

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APA (6^th Edition):

Holler, C. J. (2007). Purification of an acidic recombinant protein from transgenic tobacco. (Masters Thesis). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32379

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Holler, Christopher J. “Purification of an acidic recombinant protein from transgenic tobacco.” 2007. Masters Thesis, Virginia Tech. Accessed January 25, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32379.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Holler, Christopher J. “Purification of an acidic recombinant protein from transgenic tobacco.” 2007. Web. 25 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Holler CJ. Purification of an acidic recombinant protein from transgenic tobacco. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2007. [cited 2021 Jan 25]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32379.

Council of Science Editors:

Holler CJ. Purification of an acidic recombinant protein from transgenic tobacco. [Masters Thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2007. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32379

Virginia Tech

11. Ross, Kristin Coby. Separation of Recombinant β-Glucuronidase from Transgenic Tobacco by Aqueous Two-Phase Extraction.

Degree: MS, Biological Systems Engineering, 2008, Virginia Tech

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43471

► Biopharmaceutical manufacturing is a rigorous and expensive process. Due to the medicinal nature of the product, a high purity level is required and several expensive… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: transgenic tobacco; recombinant β-glucuronidase; aqueous two-phase extraction; protein purification

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APA (6^th Edition):

Ross, K. C. (2008). Separation of Recombinant β-Glucuronidase from Transgenic Tobacco by Aqueous Two-Phase Extraction. (Masters Thesis). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43471

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Ross, Kristin Coby. “Separation of Recombinant β-Glucuronidase from Transgenic Tobacco by Aqueous Two-Phase Extraction.” 2008. Masters Thesis, Virginia Tech. Accessed January 25, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43471.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Ross, Kristin Coby. “Separation of Recombinant β-Glucuronidase from Transgenic Tobacco by Aqueous Two-Phase Extraction.” 2008. Web. 25 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Ross KC. Separation of Recombinant β-Glucuronidase from Transgenic Tobacco by Aqueous Two-Phase Extraction. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2008. [cited 2021 Jan 25]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43471.

Council of Science Editors:

Ross KC. Separation of Recombinant β-Glucuronidase from Transgenic Tobacco by Aqueous Two-Phase Extraction. [Masters Thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2008. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43471

Virginia Tech

12. Buswell, Walter Scott. Expression of recombinant porcine preprorelaxin in Nicotiana tabacum.

Degree: MS, Biological Systems Engineering, 2006, Virginia Tech

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32803

► Relaxin is a small peptide hormone that has demonstrated potential therapeutic actions for cardiovascular disease and fibrosis. Additionally, relaxin has demonstrated the ability to protect… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: recombinant protein; transgenic tobacco; relaxin

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APA (6^th Edition):

Buswell, W. S. (2006). Expression of recombinant porcine preprorelaxin in Nicotiana tabacum. (Masters Thesis). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32803

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Buswell, Walter Scott. “Expression of recombinant porcine preprorelaxin in Nicotiana tabacum.” 2006. Masters Thesis, Virginia Tech. Accessed January 25, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32803.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Buswell, Walter Scott. “Expression of recombinant porcine preprorelaxin in Nicotiana tabacum.” 2006. Web. 25 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Buswell WS. Expression of recombinant porcine preprorelaxin in Nicotiana tabacum. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2006. [cited 2021 Jan 25]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32803.

Council of Science Editors:

Buswell WS. Expression of recombinant porcine preprorelaxin in Nicotiana tabacum. [Masters Thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2006. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32803

Virginia Tech

13. Lerkkasemsan, Nuttapol. Mechanistic Modeling of Biodiesel Production via Heterogeneous Catalysis.

Degree: MS, Chemical Engineering, 2010, Virginia Tech

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77019

► Biodiesel has emerged as a promising renewable and clean energy alternative to petrodiesel. While biodiesel has traditionally been prepared through homogeneous basic catalysis, heterogeneous acid… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: stochastic modeling; deterministic modeling; free fatty acid esterification; Eley-Rideal; biodiesel

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APA (6^th Edition):

Lerkkasemsan, N. (2010). Mechanistic Modeling of Biodiesel Production via Heterogeneous Catalysis. (Masters Thesis). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77019

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Lerkkasemsan, Nuttapol. “Mechanistic Modeling of Biodiesel Production via Heterogeneous Catalysis.” 2010. Masters Thesis, Virginia Tech. Accessed January 25, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77019.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Lerkkasemsan, Nuttapol. “Mechanistic Modeling of Biodiesel Production via Heterogeneous Catalysis.” 2010. Web. 25 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Lerkkasemsan N. Mechanistic Modeling of Biodiesel Production via Heterogeneous Catalysis. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2010. [cited 2021 Jan 25]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77019.

Council of Science Editors:

Lerkkasemsan N. Mechanistic Modeling of Biodiesel Production via Heterogeneous Catalysis. [Masters Thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2010. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77019

Virginia Tech

14. Vadnerkar, Anuya Anant. Soluble fiber and resistant starch components in some Indian and Canadian wheat varieties and in a wheat-soy product - Chapati.

Degree: MS, Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, 2004, Virginia Tech

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/10174

► This study aimed to quantify resistant starch (RS) beta-glucans (BG) and fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) in Indian and Canadian wheat varieties and in chapaties made from these;… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: soluble fibers; whole wheat flour; chapaties; Resistant starch

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APA (6^th Edition):

Vadnerkar, A. A. (2004). Soluble fiber and resistant starch components in some Indian and Canadian wheat varieties and in a wheat-soy product - Chapati. (Masters Thesis). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/10174

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Vadnerkar, Anuya Anant. “Soluble fiber and resistant starch components in some Indian and Canadian wheat varieties and in a wheat-soy product - Chapati.” 2004. Masters Thesis, Virginia Tech. Accessed January 25, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/10174.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Vadnerkar, Anuya Anant. “Soluble fiber and resistant starch components in some Indian and Canadian wheat varieties and in a wheat-soy product - Chapati.” 2004. Web. 25 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Vadnerkar AA. Soluble fiber and resistant starch components in some Indian and Canadian wheat varieties and in a wheat-soy product - Chapati. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2004. [cited 2021 Jan 25]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/10174.

Council of Science Editors:

Vadnerkar AA. Soluble fiber and resistant starch components in some Indian and Canadian wheat varieties and in a wheat-soy product - Chapati. [Masters Thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2004. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/10174

Virginia Tech

15. Mante, Nii Ofei Daku. Influence of wood on the pyrolysis of poultry litter.

Degree: MS, Biological Systems Engineering, 2008, Virginia Tech

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34973

► Pyrolytic oils produced from poultry litter differ in physico-chemical properties and the chemical composition. The litter is composed of manure and bedding material with traces… (more)

▼ Pyrolytic oils produced from poultry litter differ in physico-chemical properties and the chemical composition. The litter is composed of manure and bedding material with traces of spilled feed and feathers. The type and amount of bedding material was varied to investigate its influence on the pyrolysis of layer manure. 400g of each feedstock: manure, wood (pine and oak), and mixtures of manure and wood in proportions (75:25 50:50, and 25:75 w/w %) respectively were subjected to fast pyrolysis at 450 °C in a fluidized bed reactor. The total pyrolytic oil yield ranged from 43.3% to 64.5 wt%. The highest bio oil yield and the lowest char yield were obtained from oak wood. The manure oil had the highest HHV of 29.7 MJ/kg, the highest pH (5.89), the lowest density (1.14 g/cm3) and a relatively low viscosity of 130cSt. The oils had relatively high nitrogen content ranging from 5.88wt% to 1.36 wt%; low ash content (approximately <0.07wt %) and low sulfur content (<0.28wt %). FT-IR, 13CNMR, and 1HNMR analysis showed that manure oil was rich in aliphatic hydrocarbon and primary and secondary amides and the addition of wood introduced oxygenated compounds like aliphatic alcohols, phenols, aromatic ethers, and carbonyl/carboxylic groups into the oil. TG/DTG analysis also showed that the thermal decomposition of the oils were different depending on the amount and the type of wood in the manure/wood mixture. The parametric variables used for the mixture of 50% manure and 50% pine wood shavings study were; temperature (400-550Â°C), nitrogen gas flow rate (12-24 L/min), and feed rate (160-480 g/h). The results showed that the pyrolysis product yields, physical properties and the chemical composition of the oil were influenced by all parameters. Temperature was the most influential factor and its effect on the liquid, char and gas yields were significant. It was evident that depending on the gas flow rate and the feed rate, a maximum oil yield (51.1wt.%) can be achieved between 400-500 °C. Also an increase in temperature significantly increased the oil viscosity and decreased the carbonyl/carboxylic and the primary aliphatic alcohol functional groups in the oil. The study on the influence of wood on the stability of the oils when stored at ambient conditions for 8 months in a 30ml glass bottle showed that the viscosity of the oils increases when stored, however the manure oil was relatively more stable and the oil from the 50/50 mixture for both pine and oak was the least stable. It was found that the stability of the oils from the manure and wood mixtures were dependent on the amount and the type of wood (pine or oak) added to the manure. Also the addition of 10% solvent (methanol/ethanol) to the oil from 50% manure and 50% pine reduced the initial viscosity of the oil and was also beneficial in slowing down the increase in viscosity during storage. Advisors/Committee Members: Agblevor, Foster Aryi (committeechair), Frazier, Charles E. (committee member), Wen, Zhiyou (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: oil stability.; fast pyrolysis; pine wood; oak wood; poultry litter; layer manure; parametric studies; FT-IR spectrophotometry; 13CNMR spectrometry; 1HNMR spectrometry; oil properties; bio oil; char

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APA (6^th Edition):

Mante, N. O. D. (2008). Influence of wood on the pyrolysis of poultry litter. (Masters Thesis). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34973

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Mante, Nii Ofei Daku. “Influence of wood on the pyrolysis of poultry litter.” 2008. Masters Thesis, Virginia Tech. Accessed January 25, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34973.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Mante, Nii Ofei Daku. “Influence of wood on the pyrolysis of poultry litter.” 2008. Web. 25 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Mante NOD. Influence of wood on the pyrolysis of poultry litter. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2008. [cited 2021 Jan 25]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34973.

Council of Science Editors:

Mante NOD. Influence of wood on the pyrolysis of poultry litter. [Masters Thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2008. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34973

Virginia Tech

16. Abdoulmoumine, Nourredine. Sulfate and Hydroxide Supported on Zirconium Oxide Catalysts for Biodiesel Production.

Degree: MS, Biological Systems Engineering, 2010, Virginia Tech

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33873

► Biodiesel is currently produced by homogeneous catalysis. More recently however, heterogeneous catalysis is being considered as a cheaper alternative to the homogeneous process. In this… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Biodiesel; heterogeneous catalysis; transesterification; esterification; zirconium oxide; sulfated zirconium; hydroxide zirconium

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APA (6^th Edition):

Abdoulmoumine, N. (2010). Sulfate and Hydroxide Supported on Zirconium Oxide Catalysts for Biodiesel Production. (Masters Thesis). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33873

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Abdoulmoumine, Nourredine. “Sulfate and Hydroxide Supported on Zirconium Oxide Catalysts for Biodiesel Production.” 2010. Masters Thesis, Virginia Tech. Accessed January 25, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33873.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Abdoulmoumine, Nourredine. “Sulfate and Hydroxide Supported on Zirconium Oxide Catalysts for Biodiesel Production.” 2010. Web. 25 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Abdoulmoumine N. Sulfate and Hydroxide Supported on Zirconium Oxide Catalysts for Biodiesel Production. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2010. [cited 2021 Jan 25]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33873.

Council of Science Editors:

Abdoulmoumine N. Sulfate and Hydroxide Supported on Zirconium Oxide Catalysts for Biodiesel Production. [Masters Thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2010. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33873

Virginia Tech

17. Adjei, Thomas. Characterization of a Novel Biodegradable Material to Reduce Emission of Ammonia.

Degree: MS, Biological Systems Engineering, 2007, Virginia Tech

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30949

► A novel biodegradable ammonia control material was developed from steam exploded corn cob and its adsorption capacity was studied by packed column and titration method.… (more)

▼ A novel biodegradable ammonia control material was developed from steam exploded corn cob and its adsorption capacity was studied by packed column and titration method. The packed column studies showed that the maximum absorption capacities of the raw corn cob (RCC) and the steam exploded corn cob (SECC) were 10.45 mg NHB3B/gRCC and 59.80 mg NHB3B/gSECC respectively. However, the titration of the water slurries with a NHB4BOH showed that the capacity of the SECC was 14.4 times that of RCC. The large difference between the packed column (SECC/RCC = 5.7) and the slurry titration (SECC/RCC = 14.4) was probably because: (1) the initial ammonia reaction products blocked the pores of the SECC and reduced diffusion into the pore structure; (2) the ammonia gas flow rates were too high and therefore the gas did not penetrate the pores; (3) the gas contact time was below the equilibrium value; and (4) since interior pore surface area is usually larger than the external surface area of a particle, it appears the low column SECC/RCC ratio is due to reactions on the SECC particle surface whereas the slurry result was a combination of both. Fourier Transform Infrared, FTIR spectroscopy was conducted on RCC, SECC, ammonia adsorbed on RCC and ammonia adsorbed on SECC in the range 4000â 700 cmP-1P. The FTIR bands in the region between 1500 and 2000 cmPâ 1P showed a considerable difference between RCC and SECC. When SECC was treated with ammonia, the carboxylic functional group peak at 1700 cmP-1P was reduced and a new peak was observed at 1584 cmP-1P. The adsorption, desorption test and the heat of adsorption results suggested combined physisorption and chemisorption of ammonia on SECC but chemisorption was found to play an important role in ammonia removal. The BET specific surface area of RCC was 3.4 m2/g whilst that SECC was less than 1 m2/g. Although SECC had a low surface area compared with RCC its adsorption capacity was found to be greater than that of RCC meaning the adsorption process is chemically controlled. Also, the pore size distribution showed that RCC exhibited both macroporosity and mesoporosity whilst SECC showed only mesoporosity. It is interesting to note that upon steam exploding RCC, the macropores within RCC collapsed to form more mesopores in SECC. The high uptake of SECC was determined to be its small pore width compared to that RCC. Simultaneous Differential Scanning Calorimetry, DSC and Thermal Gravimetric Analyzer, TGA, was used to determine the heat of adsorption of ammonia on SECC. The heat of adsorption of ammonia on SECC was 33.00 kJ per mole of NHB3B. This study shows that SECC could be potentially used to remove NHB3B from various emission sources. Advisors/Committee Members: Agblevor, Foster Aryi (committeechair), Barone, Justin R. (committee member), Suchicital, Carlos T. A. (committee member), Ogejo, Jactone Arogo (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Steam Explosion; Physisorption; Chemisorption; Adsorption; Corn cob

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APA (6^th Edition):

Adjei, T. (2007). Characterization of a Novel Biodegradable Material to Reduce Emission of Ammonia. (Masters Thesis). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30949

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Adjei, Thomas. “Characterization of a Novel Biodegradable Material to Reduce Emission of Ammonia.” 2007. Masters Thesis, Virginia Tech. Accessed January 25, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30949.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Adjei, Thomas. “Characterization of a Novel Biodegradable Material to Reduce Emission of Ammonia.” 2007. Web. 25 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Adjei T. Characterization of a Novel Biodegradable Material to Reduce Emission of Ammonia. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2007. [cited 2021 Jan 25]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30949.

Council of Science Editors:

Adjei T. Characterization of a Novel Biodegradable Material to Reduce Emission of Ammonia. [Masters Thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2007. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30949

Virginia Tech

18. Parakulsuksatid, Pramuk. Utilization of a Microbubble Dispersion to Increase Oxygen Transfer in Pilot-Scale Baker's Yeast Fermentation Unit.

Degree: MS, Biological Systems Engineering, 2000, Virginia Tech

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32615

► In the large-scale production of <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (baker's yeast), oxygen transfer, which is one of the major limiting factors, is improved by using high agitation… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: baker's yeast fermentation; pilot-scale; oxygen transfer; microbubble dispersion

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APA (6^th Edition):

Parakulsuksatid, P. (2000). Utilization of a Microbubble Dispersion to Increase Oxygen Transfer in Pilot-Scale Baker's Yeast Fermentation Unit. (Masters Thesis). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32615

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Parakulsuksatid, Pramuk. “Utilization of a Microbubble Dispersion to Increase Oxygen Transfer in Pilot-Scale Baker's Yeast Fermentation Unit.” 2000. Masters Thesis, Virginia Tech. Accessed January 25, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32615.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Parakulsuksatid, Pramuk. “Utilization of a Microbubble Dispersion to Increase Oxygen Transfer in Pilot-Scale Baker's Yeast Fermentation Unit.” 2000. Web. 25 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Parakulsuksatid P. Utilization of a Microbubble Dispersion to Increase Oxygen Transfer in Pilot-Scale Baker's Yeast Fermentation Unit. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2000. [cited 2021 Jan 25]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32615.

Council of Science Editors:

Parakulsuksatid P. Utilization of a Microbubble Dispersion to Increase Oxygen Transfer in Pilot-Scale Baker's Yeast Fermentation Unit. [Masters Thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2000. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32615

Virginia Tech

19. Affleck, Richard Peter. Recovery of Xylitol from Fermentation of Model Hemicellulose Hydrolysates Using Membrane Technology.

Degree: MS, Biological Systems Engineering, 2000, Virginia Tech

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30873

► Xylitol can be produced from xylose or hemicellulose hydrolysates by either chemical reduction or microbial fermentation. Current technology for commercial production is based on chemical… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: xylitol; reverse osmosis; ultrafiltration; nanofiltration; fermentation

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APA (6^th Edition):

Affleck, R. P. (2000). Recovery of Xylitol from Fermentation of Model Hemicellulose Hydrolysates Using Membrane Technology. (Masters Thesis). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30873

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Affleck, Richard Peter. “Recovery of Xylitol from Fermentation of Model Hemicellulose Hydrolysates Using Membrane Technology.” 2000. Masters Thesis, Virginia Tech. Accessed January 25, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30873.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Affleck, Richard Peter. “Recovery of Xylitol from Fermentation of Model Hemicellulose Hydrolysates Using Membrane Technology.” 2000. Web. 25 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Affleck RP. Recovery of Xylitol from Fermentation of Model Hemicellulose Hydrolysates Using Membrane Technology. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2000. [cited 2021 Jan 25]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30873.

Council of Science Editors:

Affleck RP. Recovery of Xylitol from Fermentation of Model Hemicellulose Hydrolysates Using Membrane Technology. [Masters Thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2000. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30873

Virginia Tech

20. Balasubramaniam, Deepa. Lysozyme Separation from Tobacco Extract by Aqueous Two-Phase Extraction.

Degree: MS, Biological Systems Engineering, 2003, Virginia Tech

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31272

► Tobacco has long been considered as a host to produce large quantities of high-valued recombinant proteins. However, dealing with large quantities of biomass with a… (more)

▼ Tobacco has long been considered as a host to produce large quantities of high-valued recombinant proteins. However, dealing with large quantities of biomass with a dilute concentration of product is a challenge for down-stream processing. Aqueous two-phase extraction (ATPE) has been used in purifying proteins from various sources. It is a protein-friendly process and can be scaled up easily. ATPE was studied for its applicability to recombinant protein purification from tobacco using egg white lysozyme as the model protein. Separate experiments with polyethyleneglycol(PEG)/salt/tobacco extract, and PEG/salt/lysozyme were carried out to determine the partition behavior of tobacco protein and lysozyme, respectively. Two level fractional factorial designs were used to study the effects of factors such as PEG molecular weight, PEG concentration, the concentration of phase forming salt, sodium chloride concentration, and pH on protein partitioning. The results showed that PEG/sodium sulfate system was most suitable for lysozyme purification. Detailed experiments were conducted by spiking lysozyme into the tobacco extract. The conditions with highest selectivity of lysozyme over native tobacco protein were determined using a response surface design. The purification factor was further improved by decreasing the phase ratio along the tie line corresponding to the phase compositions with the highest selectivity. Under selected conditions the lysozyme yield was predicted to be 87% with a purification factor of 4 and concentration factor of 14. The binodial curve and tie line corresponding to the optimal condition for lysozyme recovery for the PEG 3400/sodium sulfate system were developed. The selectivity at the optimal condition was experimentally determined to be 47 with a lysozyme yield of 79.6 % with a purification factor of 10 and a concentration factor of 20. From this study, ATPE was shown to be suitable for initial protein recovery and partial purification from transgenic tobacco. Advisors/Committee Members: Zhang, Chenming Mike (committeechair), Agblevor, Foster Aryi (committee member), Van Cott, Kevin E. (committee member), Cundiff, John S. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Lysozyme; Tobacco; Protein Purification; Aqueous Two-phase extraction

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APA (6^th Edition):

Balasubramaniam, D. (2003). Lysozyme Separation from Tobacco Extract by Aqueous Two-Phase Extraction. (Masters Thesis). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31272

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Balasubramaniam, Deepa. “Lysozyme Separation from Tobacco Extract by Aqueous Two-Phase Extraction.” 2003. Masters Thesis, Virginia Tech. Accessed January 25, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31272.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Balasubramaniam, Deepa. “Lysozyme Separation from Tobacco Extract by Aqueous Two-Phase Extraction.” 2003. Web. 25 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Balasubramaniam D. Lysozyme Separation from Tobacco Extract by Aqueous Two-Phase Extraction. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2003. [cited 2021 Jan 25]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31272.

Council of Science Editors:

Balasubramaniam D. Lysozyme Separation from Tobacco Extract by Aqueous Two-Phase Extraction. [Masters Thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2003. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31272

Virginia Tech

21. Shen, Jiacheng. Modeling and Production of Bioethanol from Mixtures of Cotton Gin Waste and Recycled Paper Sludge.

Degree: PhD, Biological Systems Engineering, 2008, Virginia Tech

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30264

► In this study, the hydrolytic kinetics of mixtures of cotton gin waste (CGW) and recycled paper sludge (RPS) at various initial enzyme concentrations of Spezyme… (more)

▼ In this study, the hydrolytic kinetics of mixtures of cotton gin waste (CGW) and recycled paper sludge (RPS) at various initial enzyme concentrations of Spezyme AO3117 and Novozymes NS50052 was investigated. The experiments showed that the concentrations of reducing sugars and the conversions of the mixtures increased with increasing initial enzyme concentration. The reducing sugar concentration and conversion of the mixture of 75% CGW and 25% RPS were higher than those of the mixture of 80% CGW and 20% RPS. The conversion of the former could reach 73.8% after a 72-hour hydrolysis at the initial enzyme loading of 17.4 Filter Paper Unit (FPU)/g substrate. A three-parameter kinetic model with convergent property based on enzyme deactivation and its analytical expression were derived. Using nonlinear regression, the parameters of the model were determined from the experimental data of hydrolytic kinetics of the mixtures. Based on this kinetic model of hydrolysis, two profit rate models, representing two kinds of operating modes with and without substrate recycling, were developed. Using the profit rate models, the optimal enzyme loading and hydrolytic time could be predicted for the maximum profit rate in ethanol production according to the costs of enzyme and operation, enzyme loading, and ethanol market price. Simulated results from the models based on the experimental data of hydrolysis of the mixture of 75% CGW and 25% RPS showed that use of a high substrate concentration and an operating mode with feedstock recycle could greatly increase the profit rate of ethanol production. The results also demonstrated that the hydrolysis at a low enzyme loading was economically required for systematic optimization of ethanol production. The development of profit rate model points out a way to optimize a monotonic function with variables, such as enzyme loading and hydrolytic time for the maximum profit rate. The study also investigated the ethanol production from the steam-exploded mixture of 75 wt% cotton gin waste and 25 wt% recycled paper sludge at various influencing factors, such as enzyme concentration, substrate concentration, and severity factor, by a novel operating mode: semi-simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSSF) consisting of a pre-hydrolysis and a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF). Four cases were studied: 24-hour pre-hydrolysis + 48-hour SSF (SSSF 24), 12-hour pre-hydrolysis + 60-hour SSF (SSSF 12), 72-hour SSF, and 48-hour hydrolysis + 12-hour fermentation (SHF). SSSF 24 produced higher ethanol concentration, yield, and productivity than the other operating modes. The higher temperature of steam explosion favored of ethanol production, but the higher initial enzyme concentration could not increase the final ethanol concentration though the hydrolytic rate of the substrate was increased. A mathematical model of SSSF, which consisted of an enzymatic hydrolysis model and a SSF model including four ordinary differential equations that describe the changes of cellobiose, glucose,… Advisors/Committee Members: Agblevor, Foster Aryi (committeechair), Wen, Zhiyou (committee member), Zhang, Chenming Mike (committee member), Barbeau, William E. (committee member), Helm, Richard Frederick (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Profit rate; Diffusivity.; Kinetic model; Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation; Enzymatic hydrolysis; Ethanol; Cellulose; Deactivation; Operating mode; Recycled paper sludge; Cotton gin waste

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Shen, J. (2008). Modeling and Production of Bioethanol from Mixtures of Cotton Gin Waste and Recycled Paper Sludge. (Doctoral Dissertation). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30264

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Shen, Jiacheng. “Modeling and Production of Bioethanol from Mixtures of Cotton Gin Waste and Recycled Paper Sludge.” 2008. Doctoral Dissertation, Virginia Tech. Accessed January 25, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30264.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Shen, Jiacheng. “Modeling and Production of Bioethanol from Mixtures of Cotton Gin Waste and Recycled Paper Sludge.” 2008. Web. 25 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Shen J. Modeling and Production of Bioethanol from Mixtures of Cotton Gin Waste and Recycled Paper Sludge. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 2008. [cited 2021 Jan 25]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30264.

Council of Science Editors:

Shen J. Modeling and Production of Bioethanol from Mixtures of Cotton Gin Waste and Recycled Paper Sludge. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 2008. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30264

Virginia Tech

22. van Gelder, Maarten F. A Thermistor Based Method for Measurement of Thermal Conductivity and Thermal Diffusivity of Moist Food Materials at High Temperatures.

Degree: PhD, Biological Systems Engineering, 1997, Virginia Tech

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30286

► The purpose of this research was to assess the suitability of the thermistor based method for measuring thermal conductivity and diffusivity of moist food materials… (more)

▼ The purpose of this research was to assess the suitability of the thermistor based method for measuring thermal conductivity and diffusivity of moist food materials at high temperatures. Research focused on aspects of calibration, thermal contact in solid food materials, natural convection in liquid media and the performance in moist food materials at high temperatures. Thermistor probes were constructed in house and calibrated in three materials of known thermal conductivity and diffusivity, water, glycerol, and a heat transfer fluid, HTF 500. With few exceptions, the calibrated probe estimated thermal properties with an error of less than 5%, over the range of thermal properties spanned by the those of the calibration media. An alternate calibration using two media was also investigated. It was found to give better accuracy over a more limited range. Thermal contact in potato and lean beef was investigated through a comparative study that used a miniature line heat source probe as a reference method. The food materials were measured at 25, 50 and 100 °C. Good agreement was found between the measurements with the line heat source probe and the bead thermistor probe, indicating adequate thermal contact at the thermistor probe. The effect of fluid viscosity and the magnitude of the temperature step on the occurrence of natural convection was studied for aqueous solutions of a thickening agent. During a sample time of 30 seconds, convection was absent in solutions with a viscosity of 25 cp or greater, when measured with a temperature step of 1.5 and 2.5 °C, and in solutions with a viscosity of 50 cp or greater, when measured with a temperature step of 5.0 °C. A Rayleigh number was defined to study the notion of a critical Rayleigh number at the onset of convection. This study found that when the Rayleigh number was below 43, convection could not be demonstrated. For a Rayleigh number of 84 and higher, convection was observed. The performance at high temperatures in food materials was studied through tests in tomato concentrate and in a liquid food supplement. Tomato puree and tomato paste were sampled at 100, 130 and 150 °C. The thermal conductivity of tomato puree at 100, 130 and 150 °C was measured as 0.638, 0.645 and 0.647 W/m°C respectively. The thermal diffusivity was 1.63, 1.64 and 1.62 10^-7 m²/s respectively. For tomato paste at 100, 130 and 150 °C, a thermal conductivity was obtained of 0.590, 0.597 and 0.534 W/m°C respectively. The thermal diffusivity was 1.63, 1.84 and 2.36 10 ^-7 m²/s respectively. With some notable exceptions the results of this study agreed well with Choi and Okos (1983). A liquid food supplement was also studied at 95 and 150 °C. The thermal conductivity of the food supplement decreased with increasing solids content from 0.62 W/m°C at a solids level of 15% to 0.41 W/m°C at a solids level of 50%. The results of this study indicate that the thermistor based method was suitable for measuring thermal conductivity and diffusivity of moist… Advisors/Committee Members: Diehl, Kenneth C. (committeechair), Agblevor, Foster Aryi (committee member), Wilson, James H. (committee member), Marcy, Joseph E. (committee member), Haugh, C. Gene (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: high temperature; food material; thermal diffusivity

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

van Gelder, M. F. (1997). A Thermistor Based Method for Measurement of Thermal Conductivity and Thermal Diffusivity of Moist Food Materials at High Temperatures. (Doctoral Dissertation). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30286

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

van Gelder, Maarten F. “A Thermistor Based Method for Measurement of Thermal Conductivity and Thermal Diffusivity of Moist Food Materials at High Temperatures.” 1997. Doctoral Dissertation, Virginia Tech. Accessed January 25, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30286.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

van Gelder, Maarten F. “A Thermistor Based Method for Measurement of Thermal Conductivity and Thermal Diffusivity of Moist Food Materials at High Temperatures.” 1997. Web. 25 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

van Gelder MF. A Thermistor Based Method for Measurement of Thermal Conductivity and Thermal Diffusivity of Moist Food Materials at High Temperatures. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 1997. [cited 2021 Jan 25]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30286.

Council of Science Editors:

van Gelder MF. A Thermistor Based Method for Measurement of Thermal Conductivity and Thermal Diffusivity of Moist Food Materials at High Temperatures. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 1997. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30286

Virginia Tech

23. Rangaswamy, Sendil. Xylitol Production From D-Xylose by Facultative Anaerobic Bacteria.

Degree: PhD, Biological Systems Engineering, 2003, Virginia Tech

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26385

► Seventeen species of facultative anaerobic bacteria belonging to three genera (Serratia, Cellulomonas, and Corynebacterium) were screened for the production of xylitol; a sugar alcohol used… (more)

▼ Seventeen species of facultative anaerobic bacteria belonging to three genera (Serratia, Cellulomonas, and Corynebacterium) were screened for the production of xylitol; a sugar alcohol used as a sweetener in the pharmaceutical and food industries. A chromogenic assay of both solid and liquid cultures showed that 10 of the 17 species screened could grow on D-xylose and produce detectable quantities of xylitol during 24-96 h of fermentation. The ten bacterial species were studied for the effect of environmental factors, such as temperature, concentration of D-xylose, and aeration, on xylitol production. Under most conditions, Corynebacterium sp. NRRL B 4247 produced the highest amount of xylitol. The xylitol produced by Corynebacterium sp. NRRL B 4247 was confirmed by mass spectrometry. Corynebacterium sp. NRRL B 4247 was studied for the effect of initial D-xylose concentration, glucose, glyceraldehyde, and gluconate, aeration, and growth medium. Corynebacterium sp. NRRL B 4247 produced xylitol only in the presence of xylose, and did not produce xylitol when gluconate or glucose was the substrate. The highest yield of xylitol produced in 24 h (0.57 g/g xylose) was using an initial D-xylose concentration of 75 g/l. Under aerobic conditions the highest xylitol yield was 0.55 g/g while under anaerobic conditions the highest yield was 0.2 g/g. Glyceraldehyde in concentrations greater than 1 g/l inhibited Corynebacterium sp. B 4247 growth and xylitol production. Corynebacterium sp. NRRL B 4247 culture grown in the presence of potassium gluconate (96 g/l) for 48 h and on addition of D-xylose to the media increased accumulation to 10.1 g/l of xylitol after 150 h. Corynebacterium sp. NRRL B 4247 exhibited both NADH and NADPH-dependent xylose reductase activity in cell-free extracts. The NADPH-dependent activity was substrate dependent. The activity was 2.2-fold higher when DL-glyceraldehyde was used as substrate than with D-xylose. In cell-free extracts the difference in xylose reductase and xylitol dehydrogenase activity was highest at 24 h, whereas for cell cultures that were grown in gluconate and xylose, the difference in the reductase and dehydrogenase activities was highest at 12 h after xylose addition. The NAD+ dependent xylitol dehydrogenase activity was low compared to the cells grown without gluconate. The molecular weight of NADPH-dependent xylose reductase protein obtained by gel filtration chromatography was 58 kDa. Initial purification was performed on a DE-52 anion exchange column. Purification using Red Sepharose affinity column resulted in a 58 kDa protein on the SDS PAGE gel and was further purified on a Mono-Q column. The activity stained band on the native gel yielded 58, 49, 39 and 30 kDa bands on the denaturing gel. The peptides of the 58 kDa protein of Corynebacterium sp. B 4247 sequenced by mass spectrometry, identified with E2 and E3 (Bacillus subtilis) components of multi-enzyme system consisting of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex and oxo-acid… Advisors/Committee Members: Agblevor, Foster Aryi (committeechair), Haugh, C. Gene (committee member), Chen, Jiann-Shin (committee member), Helm, Richard Frederick (committee member), Winkel, Brenda S. J. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Corynebacterium sp.; xylitol; D-xylose; Candida tropicalis; xylose reductase

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Rangaswamy, S. (2003). Xylitol Production From D-Xylose by Facultative Anaerobic Bacteria. (Doctoral Dissertation). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26385

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Rangaswamy, Sendil. “Xylitol Production From D-Xylose by Facultative Anaerobic Bacteria.” 2003. Doctoral Dissertation, Virginia Tech. Accessed January 25, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26385.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Rangaswamy, Sendil. “Xylitol Production From D-Xylose by Facultative Anaerobic Bacteria.” 2003. Web. 25 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Rangaswamy S. Xylitol Production From D-Xylose by Facultative Anaerobic Bacteria. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 2003. [cited 2021 Jan 25]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26385.

Council of Science Editors:

Rangaswamy S. Xylitol Production From D-Xylose by Facultative Anaerobic Bacteria. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 2003. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26385

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