You searched for +publisher:"Virginia Tech" +contributor:("Abaye, Azenegashe Ozzie").
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1.
Mitra, Shreya.
An Exploration of the Relationship between International Students and Their Advisors in U.S. Higher Education Institution.
Degree: MSin Life Sciences, Agricultural and Extension Education, 2017, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/76742 
► International students in U.S. academic settings are facing barriers in the path of their academic accomplishments. In higher educational institutions, students work very closely with…
(more)
▼ International students in U.S. academic settings are facing barriers in the path of their academic accomplishments. In higher educational institutions, students work very closely with their academic advisors to solve a definite problem. Dependence on the academic advisor is much more when the advisee is international. Keeping these points in mind, one of the factors that might impact academic environment for an international student is the bonding that they share with their advisor. This research study determines the factors that encourage or discourage the relationship between the advisor and international advisee. More specifically, what factors, cultural or cognitive are more salient in defining the advising relationship, and how are coping behaviors being employed and by whom when differences between the working pair exists? Full-time international graduate students having at least one year of graduate school experience in U.S. academic settings and faculty advisors who had experience in advising international graduate students participated in this study. A total of 20 international students participated. All the participants completed the Kirton Adaption-Innovation Inventory (KAI) as a measure of problem-solving style. Of the 20 that completed the inventory, 14 participants from 10 different countries agreed to participate in a semi-structure interview. Additionally, five faculty advisors completed the KAI inventory and three faculty advisors participated in an interview. Findings of the study are: 1) a link exists between participants' problem-solving styles and their expectations for the advising relationship; 2) cultural difference outside academia had no impact on academic progress of international students; 3) acculturation into American academic culture seemed essential for academic success of international students in U.S academic settings; 4) international students wanted their home country culture to be acknowledged in a multicultural settings; 5) success of advising relationship seemed to be dependent upon how much the advisor and the advisee exhibited coping behavior; 6) acknowledging the differences and accepting a person in a holistic manner as a separate identity worked best in a multicultural settings; and 7) developing a human connect between the advisor and advisee seemed to be vital for a successful and academically productive advising relationship.
Advisors/Committee Members: Anderson, James C. (committeechair), Friedel, Curtis R. (committee member), Abaye, Azenegashe Ozzie (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: International Student; Advisor; Problem Solving Style; KAI
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APA (6th Edition):
Mitra, S. (2017). An Exploration of the Relationship between International Students and Their Advisors in U.S. Higher Education Institution. (Masters Thesis). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/76742
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Mitra, Shreya. “An Exploration of the Relationship between International Students and Their Advisors in U.S. Higher Education Institution.” 2017. Masters Thesis, Virginia Tech. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/76742.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Mitra, Shreya. “An Exploration of the Relationship between International Students and Their Advisors in U.S. Higher Education Institution.” 2017. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Mitra S. An Exploration of the Relationship between International Students and Their Advisors in U.S. Higher Education Institution. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2017. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/76742.
Council of Science Editors:
Mitra S. An Exploration of the Relationship between International Students and Their Advisors in U.S. Higher Education Institution. [Masters Thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/76742
2.
Vashro, Taylor Nadine.
The effect of mung bean on improving dietary diversity in women and children in Senegal.
Degree: MS, Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, 2017, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/86361
► Since 2015, a U.S. Agency for International Development and Virginia Tech Education and Research in Agriculture collaboration has introduced and tested mung bean as a…
(more)
▼ Since 2015, a U.S. Agency for International Development and
Virginia Tech Education and Research in Agriculture collaboration has introduced and tested mung bean as a potential crop to alleviate malnutrition and food insecurity in Senegal. This MS thesis describes a study conducted to assess the impact of mung bean on dietary diversity of Senegalese women and children in the Kaolack, Matam and Bakel localities of Senegal. A mixed-methods research approach included individual surveys to determine dietary diversity scores (DDS) and focus groups to assess the perceived impacts of mung bean. The dietary diversity survey was conducted with 194 participants including adult women, ages 15 to 70 years (n=109) and children, ages 0-10 years (n=85). Half (52%) of the population were mung bean consumers. The dietary diversity surveys revealed an average DDS of 5.73 on a scale of one to 10, with 5.83 and 5.62 for mung bean and non-mung bean consuming groups, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in DDS between mung-bean consuming women and both mung bean and non-mung bean children, and between mung bean and non-mung bean consumers in Bakel; however, there was no significant difference between overall mung bean and non-mung bean groups DDS. Focus groups (n=11) with mung bean consuming women identified perceived agricultural, health, and financial benefits associated with mung bean consumption. These results can increase our understanding of how mung bean may influence policy-relevant issues for the Senegalese population, including agricultural, health and financial outcomes that are not reflected in dietary diversity surveys.
Advisors/Committee Members: Hulver, Matthew W. (committeechair), Farris, Alisha (committee member), Kraak, Vivica (committee member), Abaye, Azenegashe Ozzie (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Mung bean; Dietary diversity; Mixed method research; Senegal; Food security
…individual, community, and policy interventions.4 In 2012, a
USAID Virginia Tech collaboration for…
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APA (6th Edition):
Vashro, T. N. (2017). The effect of mung bean on improving dietary diversity in women and children in Senegal. (Masters Thesis). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/86361
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Vashro, Taylor Nadine. “The effect of mung bean on improving dietary diversity in women and children in Senegal.” 2017. Masters Thesis, Virginia Tech. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/86361.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Vashro, Taylor Nadine. “The effect of mung bean on improving dietary diversity in women and children in Senegal.” 2017. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Vashro TN. The effect of mung bean on improving dietary diversity in women and children in Senegal. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2017. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/86361.
Council of Science Editors:
Vashro TN. The effect of mung bean on improving dietary diversity in women and children in Senegal. [Masters Thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/86361
Virginia Tech
3.
Trail, Patrick James.
Conservation agriculture in Senegal: comparing the effects of intercropping and mulching on millet yields.
Degree: MS, Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences, 2015, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/72275
► Situated on the western edge of Africa's harsh Sahel region, Senegal faces a number of agricultural production constraints. Limited rainfall, poor soil fertility, and insufficient…
(more)
▼ Situated on the western edge of Africa's harsh Sahel region, Senegal faces a number of agricultural production constraints. Limited rainfall, poor soil fertility, and insufficient agronomic inputs all contribute to low yielding millet production systems. This study was initiated to assess the potential for intercropping either cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) or mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) into traditional pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) cropping systems. During the 2013 and 2014 growing seasons two varieties of cowpea (upright and viney), and one variety of mungbean (upright) were grown in monoculture and subsequently intercropped with millet to evaluate the potential for increasing millet and overall yields. Millet was also planted with a mulch (2 t/ha of neem leaves) to test the effectiveness of increased ground cover on millet yields. In addition to yield data, soil moisture and plant NDVI data were also collected. Millet grain yields increased when intercropped with either cowpea or mungbean compared to millet that was grown alone, with grain yield increases of up to 55%. Additionally, the combined grain yields (millet + bean) were up to 67% higher than the traditional monoculture millet. The addition of mulch was the most effective treatment and increased millet grain yields up to 70%. Soil moisture increased up to 14% in mulched treatments over millet monoculture treatments. All yield increases were achieved without the addition of fertilizers or nutrient amendments. In an attempt to mimic local practices our experiment was rainfed and no soil amendments were introduced.
Advisors/Committee Members: Abaye, Azenegashe Ozzie (committeechair), Thompson, Tommy L. (committee member), Thomason, Wade E. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Sahel; Senegal; Millet; Cowpea; Mungbean; Intercropping; Mulch; Conservation Agriculture
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APA (6th Edition):
Trail, P. J. (2015). Conservation agriculture in Senegal: comparing the effects of intercropping and mulching on millet yields. (Masters Thesis). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/72275
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Trail, Patrick James. “Conservation agriculture in Senegal: comparing the effects of intercropping and mulching on millet yields.” 2015. Masters Thesis, Virginia Tech. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/72275.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Trail, Patrick James. “Conservation agriculture in Senegal: comparing the effects of intercropping and mulching on millet yields.” 2015. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Trail PJ. Conservation agriculture in Senegal: comparing the effects of intercropping and mulching on millet yields. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/72275.
Council of Science Editors:
Trail PJ. Conservation agriculture in Senegal: comparing the effects of intercropping and mulching on millet yields. [Masters Thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/72275
Virginia Tech
4.
Tine, Fatou.
Evaluation of Drought Tolerance and Forage Characteristics of Millet Cultivars.
Degree: MS, Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences, 2016, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/81306
► Millets are C4 annual grasses that are mainly used for food and feed. This thesis describes two studies that evaluated drought tolerance of pearl millet…
(more)
▼ Millets are C4 annual grasses that are mainly used for food and feed. This thesis describes two studies that evaluated drought tolerance of pearl millet cultivars (Pennisetum glaucum [L.] R. Br) grown for grain. A third study is also included in the thesis that evaluated foxtail millet (Setaria italica [L] Beauv) and pearl millet grown as cover crops and forage during a pasture renovation. The main focus of the thesis involved evaluation of Senegalese pearl millet cultivars for drought tolerance. Drought is one of the most important threats to pearl millet production in Senegal as it limits yield in most parts of the country. Although water stress on pearl millet is common during the growing season, a little is known about how terminal drought affects yield in Senegalese pearl millet cultivars. To address this issue, two field experiments were conducted in 2014 and 2015. The first field study evaluated 20 pearl millet cultivars under water stress and categorized based on their yield response. Whereas the second year field trial used four cultivars from the first field trial in a more detailed study to give recommendations for farmers in Senegal. The experiments were complete randomized block designs. Pearl millet cultivars were grown under irrigation until flowering then the stress treatment was applied by stopping the irrigation in half of the plots. Eleven cultivars showed a statistical indifference to water stress and considered the most drought tolerant. Four cultivars were selected from the 11 for the second year experiment. Of these, cultivar 4 (ICMV IS 89305) and 10 (SOSAT c 88) exhibited higher tolerance to terminal water stress based on evaluation of yield components and drought stress indices. These cultivars could be a good target for further breeding and selection in Senegal. Although the cultivars were more drought tolerant, both had relatively low total biomass. When used in a larger scale, these cultivars could potentially benefit farmers in Senegal and enhance food security.
The second part of this thesis addressed use of a forage type millets – specifically foxtail and pearl millet. In the US, these millets are primarily serve as a summer cover crops that can be used for forage. The objective of this experiment was to compare yield and forage quality of foxtail and pearl millet cover crops and their effect on subsequent pasture establishment. A field experiment was conducted in
Virginia in 2014 to address this objective. Pearl millet and foxtail millet were randomly planted in 12 plots each and harvested in late summer. Plots were then converted to tall fescue (Schedonorus phoenix (Scop.) Holub) pasture. Foxtail millet had a significantly higher soil cover than pearl millet but the two species did not differ in terms of total biomass, forage quality, or their effect on tall fescue pasture establishment.
Advisors/Committee Members: Tracy, Benjamin F. (committeechair), Thomason, Wade E. (committee member), Abaye, Azenegashe Ozzie (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Pearl millet; Drought; Yield; Senegal; Foxtail millet; Forage
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APA (6th Edition):
Tine, F. (2016). Evaluation of Drought Tolerance and Forage Characteristics of Millet Cultivars. (Masters Thesis). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/81306
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Tine, Fatou. “Evaluation of Drought Tolerance and Forage Characteristics of Millet Cultivars.” 2016. Masters Thesis, Virginia Tech. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/81306.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Tine, Fatou. “Evaluation of Drought Tolerance and Forage Characteristics of Millet Cultivars.” 2016. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Tine F. Evaluation of Drought Tolerance and Forage Characteristics of Millet Cultivars. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/81306.
Council of Science Editors:
Tine F. Evaluation of Drought Tolerance and Forage Characteristics of Millet Cultivars. [Masters Thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/81306
Virginia Tech
5.
Gichane, Wangui C.
An Exploration of the Perceptions and Attitudes of Senegalese Professors Toward Learner-Centered Instructional Strategies in Agriculture Courses.
Degree: MS, Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences, 2016, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/81764
► Like many African nations, Senegalese education emphasizes teaching approaches characterized by lecture-driven courses and information memorization.The objective of the study was to assess the needs…
(more)
▼ Like many African nations, Senegalese education emphasizes teaching approaches characterized by lecture-driven courses and information memorization.The objective of the study was to assess the needs for employing learner-centered practices and challenges professors' faced in terms of current teaching and learning methods at five Senegalese higher-education institutions. An explanatory mixed method study was designed to assess professors' teaching strategies, attitudes toward learner-centered methods, social climate at the institutions, perceived confidence in effectively incorporating these methods, as well as the challenges faced in current teaching and learning approaches. Results showed professors had positive attitudes towards learner-centered methods and thought they were effective teaching techniques. Professors also indicated that they felt little to no pressure from their peers or institutions in employing other methods and some felt confident enough to use learner-centered strategies properly. Data also revealed that the culture of instruction and the constraints in teaching were the primary obstacles preventing professors from effectively incorporating the methods in their classrooms. The study's findings indicated that: 1) addressing the normative beliefs and social norms toward learner-centered methods requires an understanding of the cultural context of Senegalese instruction and 2) professional trainings can make a marked difference in how professors think about teaching practice, as well as increase self-efficacy that can influence their behavior toward more learner-centered strategies.
Advisors/Committee Members: Abaye, Azenegashe Ozzie (committeechair), Anderson, James C. (committee member), Archibald, Thomas G. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Higher-education; Agriculture; Senegal
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Gichane, W. C. (2016). An Exploration of the Perceptions and Attitudes of Senegalese Professors Toward Learner-Centered Instructional Strategies in Agriculture Courses. (Masters Thesis). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/81764
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Gichane, Wangui C. “An Exploration of the Perceptions and Attitudes of Senegalese Professors Toward Learner-Centered Instructional Strategies in Agriculture Courses.” 2016. Masters Thesis, Virginia Tech. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/81764.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Gichane, Wangui C. “An Exploration of the Perceptions and Attitudes of Senegalese Professors Toward Learner-Centered Instructional Strategies in Agriculture Courses.” 2016. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Gichane WC. An Exploration of the Perceptions and Attitudes of Senegalese Professors Toward Learner-Centered Instructional Strategies in Agriculture Courses. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/81764.
Council of Science Editors:
Gichane WC. An Exploration of the Perceptions and Attitudes of Senegalese Professors Toward Learner-Centered Instructional Strategies in Agriculture Courses. [Masters Thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/81764
Virginia Tech
6.
Schlueter, David Henry.
Overseeding Clovers into Permanent Pastures.
Degree: MS, Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences, 2011, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34719
► Benefits of establishing legumes into permanent pastures have been well studied. Successful establishment of legumes in pastures can be challenging, however, and more information is…
(more)
▼ Benefits of establishing legumes into permanent pastures have been well studied. Successful establishment of legumes in pastures can be challenging, however, and more information is needed about different seeding methods and variables that affect legume establishment. A pasture and a small plot experiment were conducted in Blacksburg, Va from 2009 to 2011to gain better understanding of how seeding method and management variables affected red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and white clover (Trifolium repens L.) establishment into permanent cool season grass pasture and sod. In the pasture experiment, seedling density was measured two months after sowing and grass, white clover, red clover, and weed biomass were periodically measured during the experiment. Broadcast seeding treatment had 93% more clover seedlings than drill treatment (P = 0.1087) two months after sowing. No difference (P > 0.10) for clover biomass was observed between sowing treatments in any year and clover establishment was considered successful (over 25% of pasture composition) in both treatments. In the drill treatment, clover seedling density was negatively affected by the residual grass biomass at sowing (P = 0.0196). In the broadcast treatment, a quadratic relationship between clover seedling density and residual grass biomass at sowing was found (P = 0.0516). Clover seedling density in April 2009 determined the amount of clover biomass in August 2009 (P = 0.0008) and the 2010 clover biomass mean (P = 0.0249). Further exploration of the influence fertilization with P and K, grass biomass at sowing, and defoliation frequency on clover establishment were studied in a split-split plot study.
iii
Fertilization with P and K was assigned to whole plots that were split in half and assigned a high or low grass biomass at sowing treatment, the subplots were split in and designated either a high or low cutting frequency. Prior to cutting, samples from each plot were sorted to grass, white clover, red clover, and weed. Plots with a low grass biomass at sowing (232 seedlings m-2) had a higher seedling density (P < 0.0001) compared with plots with a high grass biomass at sowing plots (111 seedlings m-2). Greater biomass of white and red clover depended both on having a low grass biomass at sowing and a high frequency of defoliation (P = 0.0026 and P < 0.0001, respectively). Red clover yield was also determined by interactions between fertilization and a high frequency of defoliation (P < 0.0001), as well as between fertilization and low grass biomass at sowing (P = 0.0026). Dry conditions resulted in low clover yields (6% of total herbage mass) with red clover producing four times the herbage mass of white clover. These data show that creating a favorable environment for seedlings to germinate and establish was more important than seeding method.
Advisors/Committee Members: Tracy, Benjamin F. (committeechair), Abaye, Azenegashe Ozzie (committee member), McCann, Mark A. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: cutting frequency; grass competition; clover; fertility; sowing method; overseeding
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APA (6th Edition):
Schlueter, D. H. (2011). Overseeding Clovers into Permanent Pastures. (Masters Thesis). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34719
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Schlueter, David Henry. “Overseeding Clovers into Permanent Pastures.” 2011. Masters Thesis, Virginia Tech. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34719.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Schlueter, David Henry. “Overseeding Clovers into Permanent Pastures.” 2011. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Schlueter DH. Overseeding Clovers into Permanent Pastures. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2011. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34719.
Council of Science Editors:
Schlueter DH. Overseeding Clovers into Permanent Pastures. [Masters Thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34719
Virginia Tech
7.
Longest, Robert Joseph.
Tillage System Effects On Upland Cotton Yield and Development In Virginia.
Degree: MS, Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences, 2017, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77423
► Identifying the proper tillage system which provides the best agronomic benefits for cotton production in the coastal plain soils of Virginia was the basis for…
(more)
▼ Identifying the proper tillage system which provides the best agronomic benefits for cotton production in the coastal plain soils of
Virginia was the basis for this research. Strip-tillage was evaluated from 2015-2016 on-farm to determine the effects of annual and biennial treatments on plant growth and lint yield, as well as measuring the impacts on soil compaction. Also, small plot tillage experiments were conducted from 2013-2016 assessing no-till, conventional tillage, minimum tillage, and strip-tillage as well as the subsequent effects of these systems on four cotton varieties. Biennial strip-tillage produced similar lint yields to annual strip-tillage at 3 of 4 locations, with only one location showing a significant difference in lint yield of 135 kg ha-1. Persistence of subsoil tillage within the row from the previous year was observed at some locations and plant heights were not different at all locations, although annual strip-tillage provided deeper potential rooting depths both early season and at harvest. In short term tillage systems, minimal penalties in plant growth and lint yield were observed in no-till verses the other systems, primarily associated with greater soil compaction, shorter plant heights, and lower yields. An overall 8% reduction in yield was found with no-till systems, with no significant differences in yield among tillage systems observed in any year. Varietal effects on plant growth and yield were observed annually, with FM 1944 GLB2 being the shortest plants, and DP 1321 B2RF having the tallest plants. No tillage by variety interaction was observed, supporting the idea that varieties respond similarly across tillage systems.
Advisors/Committee Members: Frame, William Hunter (committeechair), Abaye, Azenegashe Ozzie (committee member), Hodges, Steven C. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: tillage; upland cotton; plant growth; soil compaction; lint yield; precision agriculture
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APA (6th Edition):
Longest, R. J. (2017). Tillage System Effects On Upland Cotton Yield and Development In Virginia. (Masters Thesis). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77423
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Longest, Robert Joseph. “Tillage System Effects On Upland Cotton Yield and Development In Virginia.” 2017. Masters Thesis, Virginia Tech. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77423.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Longest, Robert Joseph. “Tillage System Effects On Upland Cotton Yield and Development In Virginia.” 2017. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Longest RJ. Tillage System Effects On Upland Cotton Yield and Development In Virginia. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2017. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77423.
Council of Science Editors:
Longest RJ. Tillage System Effects On Upland Cotton Yield and Development In Virginia. [Masters Thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77423
Virginia Tech
8.
Fall, Thioro.
Soil Management for Improved Rice Production in Casamance, Senegal.
Degree: MS, Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences, 2016, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/81457
► Rice is a staple crop for many countries around the world, and is one of the top three food sources globally. Many environments where rice…
(more)
▼ Rice is a staple crop for many countries around the world, and is one of the top three food sources globally. Many environments where rice is grown contain stressors likely to limit its growth and yield. In southern Senegal (Casamance region), rice is mainly cultivated in lowlands near estuaries where drought, salinity, acidity, poor soil fertility, and iron toxicity are the main limiting factors. In Casamance, average rice yield for local farmers is 1 to 2 tons per hectare (809 to 1618 pounds per acre), compared to worldwide average yield of more than 4 tons per hectare. The soil where our 2-year experiment (2014 and 2015) was conducted is highly saline-sodic and acidic, and the salt tolerant cultivar we grew yielded 3.4 tons per hectare in 2013. Our main objective was to increase rice yield. The water table height, salinity, and pH were measured weekly during the rice growing season, and the soil was described, sampled, and analyzed to better understand the water and soil resources. Two planting methods were tested: flat planting and planting on beds. Two soil amendments were compared with each planting method: biochar and crushed oyster shells, alone and in combination. An untreated control was included in the experiment. All plots were fertilized. Treatment effects on soil properties and yield were compared in a split-plot design. Plant tissue was sampled for elemental content. The water table was above the surface and was saline during half of the growing season in 2014, and decreased after rice grain head emerged. Planting methods and amendments did not have an effect on yield in 2014, but biochar amendment increased yield in 2015. In 2014, soil salinity and sodium decreased to below toxic levels late in the growing season in the flat plots but not in the bedded plots. Therefore, flat planting is more appropriate in these lowland rice production systems. Soil pH increased from 4.4 to 7.7 in flat planting where biochar+shell was applied. Soil available nutrients such as P, Mn, and Zn were significantly higher in flat planting compared to beds. Toxic levels of Na (> 2000 milligrams per kilogram) were measured in leaves sampled just before flowering. We recommend flat planting and amending soil with biochar in saline-sodic acid-sulfate paddy soils in Casamance to improve rice yield.
Advisors/Committee Members: Thompson, Tommy L. (committeechair), Galbraith, John M. (committeechair), Thomason, Wade E. (committee member), Abaye, Azenegashe Ozzie (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Senegal; Rice; WAR 1 rice cultivar; planting methods; biochar; oyster shell; soil salinity; soil acidity
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Fall, T. (2016). Soil Management for Improved Rice Production in Casamance, Senegal. (Masters Thesis). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/81457
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Fall, Thioro. “Soil Management for Improved Rice Production in Casamance, Senegal.” 2016. Masters Thesis, Virginia Tech. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/81457.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Fall, Thioro. “Soil Management for Improved Rice Production in Casamance, Senegal.” 2016. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Fall T. Soil Management for Improved Rice Production in Casamance, Senegal. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/81457.
Council of Science Editors:
Fall T. Soil Management for Improved Rice Production in Casamance, Senegal. [Masters Thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/81457
Virginia Tech
9.
Hurder, Katherine Anne.
Nitrogen Rate and Source Effects on Biomass Yield of Teff Grown for Livestock Feed in the Mid-Atlantic Region.
Degree: MSin Life Sciences, Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences, 2011, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32159
► Teff (Erogrostis tef (Zucc.)), an annual warm-season grass from Ethiopia, has potential to provide forage during periods when cool-season grass growth is limited by high…
(more)
▼ Teff (Erogrostis tef (Zucc.)), an annual warm-season grass from Ethiopia, has potential to provide forage during periods when cool-season grass growth is limited by high temperatures. An experiment was conducted at three
Virginia locations in 2009 and 2010 to determine the effect of nitrogen (N) fertilization rate and source on the yield, nutritive value, and nitrate content of teff. Nitrogen (N) was applied at 0, 45, 90, and 135 kg plant available N ha-1 as a single application of either ammonium nitrate (AN) or broiler litter (BL) at seeding. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with a two-factor factorial treatment design (N rate and source) and four replications. Biomass yield typically peaked at the 90 kg N ha-1 rate, but rarely showed an increase beyond the 45 kg N ha-1 rate. Yield ranged from 2325 to 7542, 1477 to 6151, and 1805 to 8875 kg DM ha-1 for the Blacksburg, Southern Piedmont, and Shenandoah Valley locations, respectively. Crude protein and total digestible nutrients ranged from 70 to 240 g kg-1 and 460 to 700 g kg-1, respectively. Nitrate concentrations increased with increase in N fertilization but source had no effect on nitrate concentration. Typically, nitrates only posed a health risk for ruminant livestock at N rates above 90 kg N ha-1, but dangerous levels were present occasionally at the 0 and 45 kg N ha-1 rates. The results from this study indicate that teff responds to moderate rates of N and could provide summer forage for grazing livestock in the mid-Atlantic region.
Advisors/Committee Members: Tracy, Benjamin F. (committee member), Maguire, Rory O. (committee member), McCann, Mark A. (committee member), Abaye, Azenegashe Ozzie (committeecochair), Teutsch, Christopher D. (committeecochair).
Subjects/Keywords: nitrogen; poultry litter; forage; nitrates; teff
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APA (6th Edition):
Hurder, K. A. (2011). Nitrogen Rate and Source Effects on Biomass Yield of Teff Grown for Livestock Feed in the Mid-Atlantic Region. (Masters Thesis). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32159
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Hurder, Katherine Anne. “Nitrogen Rate and Source Effects on Biomass Yield of Teff Grown for Livestock Feed in the Mid-Atlantic Region.” 2011. Masters Thesis, Virginia Tech. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32159.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Hurder, Katherine Anne. “Nitrogen Rate and Source Effects on Biomass Yield of Teff Grown for Livestock Feed in the Mid-Atlantic Region.” 2011. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Hurder KA. Nitrogen Rate and Source Effects on Biomass Yield of Teff Grown for Livestock Feed in the Mid-Atlantic Region. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2011. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32159.
Council of Science Editors:
Hurder KA. Nitrogen Rate and Source Effects on Biomass Yield of Teff Grown for Livestock Feed in the Mid-Atlantic Region. [Masters Thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32159
Virginia Tech
10.
Coleman, Jennifer Marie.
Assessing the Potential Use of Teff as an Alternative Grain Crop in Virginia.
Degree: MS, Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences, 2012, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77012
► Teff (Eragrostis tef (Zucc.)) is an annual, warm-season cereal crop most notable for its gluten-free, nutrient-packed seed. Experiments were conducted in two regions of Virginia…
(more)
▼ Teff (Eragrostis tef (Zucc.)) is an annual, warm-season cereal crop most notable for its gluten-free, nutrient-packed seed. Experiments were conducted in two regions of
Virginia (Blacksburg and Steeles Tavern) in 2010 and 2011 to determine the grain production potential of two teff varieties (brown and white). Additionally, commercially purchased teff flour was evaluated for its suitability in producing a satisfactory baked product. Teff varieties were planted in early June and July at a seeding rate of 6 kg PLS ha??. Nitrogen fertilizer was applied at planting in the form of urea at a rate of 56 kg ha??. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with a two-way factorial treatment structure (variety and planting date) and four replications. Grain yield and nutritive value, straw yield and quality, and plant height were evaluated for each variety and planting date at Steeles Tavern in 2010. Due to failure in crop establishment and difficulties involved in threshing and processing the harvested crop, no data is available in 2010 or 2011 for Kentland or in 2011 for Steeles Tavern. In 2010 at Steeles Tavern, grain yield was significantly higher for the brown variety (367 kg ha??) compared to the white variety (97 kg ha??) for both planting dates. There was no significant difference in straw yield between varieties or planting dates with straw yield averaging 2645 and 2475 kg DM ha?? for brown and white varieties, respectively. Precipitation accumulation at Steeles Tavern was higher in 2010 (greater than 10 cm) during June and July compared to 2011 and the historic average. This may explain why the plots in 2010 were able to successfully establish and out compete weeds. In the lab, four types of baked products were tested to determine the suitability of teff for baked goods. Cakes, cookies, biscuits and bread were tested with varying treatments of teff: control (100% wheat flour) and 10, 20, 30, 40 and 100% teff flour. Each treatment was replicated three times for each product. Generally, bread and cake volumes decreased as the percent of teff increased. Teff flour was best suited for use in cookie and biscuit products compared to cakes and breads since cookies and biscuits require less leavening. Overall, both experiments (field and laboratory) demonstrated the potential of teff as an alternative grain crop in
Virginia. However, additional research is needed to overcome problems associated with establishment, harvest, threshing and processing.
Advisors/Committee Members: Barbeau, William E. (committee member), Ogejo, Jactone Arogo (committee member), Abaye, Azenegashe Ozzie (committeecochair), Thomason, Wade E. (committeecochair).
Subjects/Keywords: teff; protein; gluten
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APA (6th Edition):
Coleman, J. M. (2012). Assessing the Potential Use of Teff as an Alternative Grain Crop in Virginia. (Masters Thesis). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77012
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Coleman, Jennifer Marie. “Assessing the Potential Use of Teff as an Alternative Grain Crop in Virginia.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Virginia Tech. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77012.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Coleman, Jennifer Marie. “Assessing the Potential Use of Teff as an Alternative Grain Crop in Virginia.” 2012. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Coleman JM. Assessing the Potential Use of Teff as an Alternative Grain Crop in Virginia. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2012. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77012.
Council of Science Editors:
Coleman JM. Assessing the Potential Use of Teff as an Alternative Grain Crop in Virginia. [Masters Thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77012
Virginia Tech
11.
Arnaudin, Mary Elin.
Benefits of Dung Beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) on Nutrient Cycling and Forage Growth in Alpaca Pastures.
Degree: MS, Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences, 2012, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31419
► Alpacas have been gaining prominence in the U.S. since the early 1980s. In pastures, dung beetle activity has been shown to enhance the degradation and…
(more)
▼ Alpacas have been gaining prominence in the U.S. since the early 1980s. In pastures, dung beetle activity has been shown to enhance the degradation and incorporation of dung into the soil. The benefits of this activity have been quantified for cattle, but not for alpacas. The objectives of this study were to document the dung beetle species present in alpaca pastures, and to evaluate the impact of dung beetle activity on the growth of a common summer annual grass. In 2010 and 2011, dung beetle species present in alpaca pastures located at
Virginia State University (VSU), were evaluated weekly from late May until late August. Eleven species of dung beetles were found, with Onthophagus taurus Schreber being the most dominant. In 2011, a greenhouse study was conducted at
Virginia Techâ s Southern Piedmont Research Station. Treatments included a control (no dung, no beetles), dung only, dung with five pairs of O. taurus, and dung that was allowed to be colonized in alpaca pastures at VSU. The addition of O. taurus and the field colonization both significantly increased total yield over the no dung control by 10% and 14%, respectively. These results indicate that healthy and diverse dung beetle communities occur in alpaca pastures in the mid-Atlantic region, and that the presence of these beetles would likely enhance nutrient cycling and pasture growth. However, it is important to remember that dung beetles are just one component of many found in a healthy grassland ecosystem, and the functions of these components are interrelated.
Advisors/Committee Members: Teutsch, Christopher D. (committeechair), Watson, D. Wesley (committee member), Abaye, Azenegashe Ozzie (committee member), Wildeus, Stephan (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: dung beetles; nutrient cycle; alpaca; crabgrass
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APA (6th Edition):
Arnaudin, M. E. (2012). Benefits of Dung Beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) on Nutrient Cycling and Forage Growth in Alpaca Pastures. (Masters Thesis). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31419
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Arnaudin, Mary Elin. “Benefits of Dung Beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) on Nutrient Cycling and Forage Growth in Alpaca Pastures.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Virginia Tech. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31419.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Arnaudin, Mary Elin. “Benefits of Dung Beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) on Nutrient Cycling and Forage Growth in Alpaca Pastures.” 2012. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Arnaudin ME. Benefits of Dung Beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) on Nutrient Cycling and Forage Growth in Alpaca Pastures. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2012. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31419.
Council of Science Editors:
Arnaudin ME. Benefits of Dung Beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) on Nutrient Cycling and Forage Growth in Alpaca Pastures. [Masters Thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31419
Virginia Tech
12.
Hickman, Amber Leanna.
Assessment of stockpiling methods to increase late summer and early fall forage biomass.
Degree: MS, Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences, 2013, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/22015
► As one of the major forage crops of the United States management programs to optimize stockpiled tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) can potentially increase livestock…
(more)
▼ As one of the major forage crops of the United States management programs to optimize stockpiled tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) can potentially increase livestock profitability. This study consists of two experiments designed to assess different aspects of summer stockpiling. Experiment 1 evaluated the effects of summer stockpiling endophyte infected Kentucky 31 tall fescue on biomass and nutritive value of tall fescue forage. Treatments included four whole plot treatments (two nitrogen (N) application timing, legume inclusion, and control) each divided into sub-plot cut and no cut treatments. The cut treatment consisted of a single cutting taken in May. Nitrogen in the form of urea was applied at a rate of 56 kg/ha for the March N treatment and for the June N treatment. Yield and quality of summer stockpiled fescue was adequate to support dry beef cows. Experiment 2 evaluated the effects of summer stockpiling on the biomass yield and nutritive value of three types of tall fescue with N fertilization (endophyte infected (E+), endophyte-free (E-), and novel endophyte (MaxQ)) and four species of native warm-season grasses without N fertilization (switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii Vitman), indiangrass (Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash), and little bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash)). Native warm-season grasses produced much higher yields than all tall fescue types but the nutritive value was not adequate to support the nutrient requirements of livestock. Summer stockpiled tall fescue is a viable resource to provide low requirement animals with quality forage during late summer and early fall.
Advisors/Committee Members: Abaye, Azenegashe Ozzie (committeechair), Tracy, Benjamin F. (committee member), Teutsch, Christopher D. (committee member), Fiske, David A. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: tall fescue; stockpiling; forage
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APA (6th Edition):
Hickman, A. L. (2013). Assessment of stockpiling methods to increase late summer and early fall forage biomass. (Masters Thesis). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/22015
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Hickman, Amber Leanna. “Assessment of stockpiling methods to increase late summer and early fall forage biomass.” 2013. Masters Thesis, Virginia Tech. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/22015.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Hickman, Amber Leanna. “Assessment of stockpiling methods to increase late summer and early fall forage biomass.” 2013. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Hickman AL. Assessment of stockpiling methods to increase late summer and early fall forage biomass. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2013. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/22015.
Council of Science Editors:
Hickman AL. Assessment of stockpiling methods to increase late summer and early fall forage biomass. [Masters Thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/22015
Virginia Tech
13.
Raines, Pepper Monique.
Management and Livestock Performance of Alfalfa-Tall Fescue Mixed Stands.
Degree: MS, Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences, 1998, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/9895
► Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) have many desirable forage attributes, are grown extensively throughout the USA, and combined form a…
(more)
▼ Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) have many desirable forage attributes, are grown extensively throughout the USA, and combined form a productive pasture mixture. The objective of this research was to develop recommended management practices for alfalfa-tall fescue mixtures and compare livestock performance, forage quality, and productivity of this mixture to N-fertilized endophyte-free tall fescue. Forty-eight Angus or Angus crossbred steers were rotationally stocked on a four-replicate alfalfa-tall fescue and N-fertilized tall fescue pasture system during 2002 and 2003. Livestock gain, forage quality, and forage production were monitored throughout the seasons. Management treatments conducted within wire exclosures included defoliation height, rest period, exclosure movement, and month and were evaluated using detailed botanical composition and persistence measurements. Defoliation height, rest period, and month all affected alfalfa-tall fescue competition. Alfalfa was generally more competitive with longer rest periods and shorter heights, although results were not consistent. Alfalfa composition and persistence declined dramatically over the 2003 season due to climate, grazing management, and cultivar. Cool, high moisture conditions stimulated tall fescue growth and reduced alfalfa vigor and survival. Livestock gains were higher for pure tall fescue at one date in 2002, but higher overall for alfalfa-tall fescue during 2003. Forage quality (CP, NDF and ADF) was consistently higher for alfalfa-tall fescue during both seasons. In conclusion, both alfalfa-tall fescue and N-fertilized endophyte-free tall fescue produce productive pastures and high ADG in beef steers in
Virginia, but continued management research is required to maintain the alfalfa component of this mixture.
Advisors/Committee Members: Smith, S. Raymond (committeechair), Abaye, Azenegashe Ozzie (committee member), Fontenot, Joseph P. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: alfalfa; tall fescue; alfalfa-tall fescue; rotational stocking
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APA (6th Edition):
Raines, P. M. (1998). Management and Livestock Performance of Alfalfa-Tall Fescue Mixed Stands. (Masters Thesis). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/9895
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Raines, Pepper Monique. “Management and Livestock Performance of Alfalfa-Tall Fescue Mixed Stands.” 1998. Masters Thesis, Virginia Tech. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/9895.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Raines, Pepper Monique. “Management and Livestock Performance of Alfalfa-Tall Fescue Mixed Stands.” 1998. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Raines PM. Management and Livestock Performance of Alfalfa-Tall Fescue Mixed Stands. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Virginia Tech; 1998. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/9895.
Council of Science Editors:
Raines PM. Management and Livestock Performance of Alfalfa-Tall Fescue Mixed Stands. [Masters Thesis]. Virginia Tech; 1998. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/9895
Virginia Tech
14.
Boland, Holly Terry.
Grazing Behavior of Beef Steers Grazing Endophyte-Infected, Endophyte-Free, and Novel Endophyte Infected Tall Fescue, and Lakota Prairie Grass.
Degree: MS, Animal and Poultry Sciences, 2005, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34557
► Endophyte infected Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) is the most dominant grass used for pasture in the Southeastern U.S. As a result, fescue toxicosis is…
(more)
▼ Endophyte infected Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) is the most dominant grass used for pasture in the Southeastern U.S. As a result, fescue toxicosis is a major concern. Producers need alternative forages for grazing cattle that do not have this negative aspect. The objective of this experiment was to determine the grazing behavior of cattle grazing Lakota (L) prairie grass (Bromus catharticus Vahl.), endophyte infected (E+), endophyte free (E-), and novel endophyte (Q) tall fescues. Angus-crossbred steers (279±8 kg) steers wore electronic behavior data recorders in four sampling periods, and direct visual appraisals of behavior were taken in five sampling periods during the months of May to September, 2004. Overall, during the visual appraisal phase steers grazing L spent most time (P<0.05) grazing while E+ spent the least time grazing. Overall, steers grazing E+ spent more time (P<0.05) idling than those on L, E-, or Q. Steers grazing E+ spent more time (P<0.05) standing than steers grazing Q. Steers grazing Q and E- spent more time (P<0.05) lying than those grazing E+. During the data recorder phase there were no significant differences between treatments for time spent grazing. Steers grazing E+ spent less time (P<0.05) lying and ruminating than steers grazing Q or L. Conversely, time spent standing and idling for steers grazing E+ was higher (P<0.05) than for steers grazing Q or L. These results indicate that L, E-, and Q may offer benefits to producers due to more time spent in productive activities during summer months.
Advisors/Committee Members: Abaye, Azenegashe Ozzie (committee member), Scaglia, Guillermo (committeecochair), Fontenot, Joseph P. (committeecochair).
Subjects/Keywords: beef steers; tall fescue; prairie grass; fescue toxicosis; grazing behavior
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APA (6th Edition):
Boland, H. T. (2005). Grazing Behavior of Beef Steers Grazing Endophyte-Infected, Endophyte-Free, and Novel Endophyte Infected Tall Fescue, and Lakota Prairie Grass. (Masters Thesis). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34557
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Boland, Holly Terry. “Grazing Behavior of Beef Steers Grazing Endophyte-Infected, Endophyte-Free, and Novel Endophyte Infected Tall Fescue, and Lakota Prairie Grass.” 2005. Masters Thesis, Virginia Tech. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34557.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Boland, Holly Terry. “Grazing Behavior of Beef Steers Grazing Endophyte-Infected, Endophyte-Free, and Novel Endophyte Infected Tall Fescue, and Lakota Prairie Grass.” 2005. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Boland HT. Grazing Behavior of Beef Steers Grazing Endophyte-Infected, Endophyte-Free, and Novel Endophyte Infected Tall Fescue, and Lakota Prairie Grass. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2005. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34557.
Council of Science Editors:
Boland HT. Grazing Behavior of Beef Steers Grazing Endophyte-Infected, Endophyte-Free, and Novel Endophyte Infected Tall Fescue, and Lakota Prairie Grass. [Masters Thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2005. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34557
Virginia Tech
15.
Daniel, James B. II.
Using Winter Annual Cover Crops in a Virginia No-till Cotton Production System.
Degree: MS, Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences, 1997, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35681
► Cotton (<i>Gossypium hirsutum</i> L.) is a low residue crop, that may not provide sufficient surface residue to reduce erosion and protect the soil. A winter…
(more)
▼ Cotton (<i>Gossypium hirsutum</i> L.) is a low residue crop, that may not provide sufficient surface residue to reduce erosion and protect the soil. A winter annual cover crop could alleviate erosion between cotton crops. Field experiments were conducted to evaluate selected winter annual cover crops for biomass production, ground cover, and N assimilation. The cover crop treatments were monitored under no-till and conventional tillage systems for the effects on soil moisture, cotton yield and quality. Six cover crop treatments, crimson clover (<i>Trifolium incarnatum</i> L.), hairy vetch (<i>Vicia vilosa</i> L.), hairy vetch and rye (<i>Secale cereale</i> L.), rye, wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L. amend. Thell.), and white lupin (<i>Lupinus albus</i> L.), and two tillage systems (conventional and no-till) were arranged in a split-plot design with four replications. Cover crop biomass production depended on climate conditions. Ground cover percent and N assimilation by cover crops were directly correlated with the amount of biomass produced within cover crop treatments. Within a range of near average winter temperatures, all cover crops except lupin provided enough ground cover to comply with federal conservation tillage standards. More ground cover remained on the soil surface further into the cotton growing season following the small grain treatments compared to the legume cover crop treatments. Soil moisture was higher (P < 0.05) under no-till compared to conventional tillage during the periods of drought in 1997. Tillage system had no effect on cotton yield and quality in 1995 and 1996. High cover crop biomass production coupled with an extended cotton growing season in 1995 resulted in higher lint yield for cotton grown following the hairy vetch + rye treatment compared with cotton grown following the wheat treatment. High heat unit accumulation in October 1995 led to the over maturity of cotton fiber and high micronaire values for cotton grown following all cover crop treatments. The high micronaire values (5.0 - 5.2) for cotton grown in all cover crop treatments except hairy vetch + rye (4.9), resulted in a market price deduction of 1.4 cents per kilogram of lint in 1995. All cover crops used in this experiment, with the exception of lupin, provided enough ground cover within a range of average winter temperatures to meet federal conservation requirements. The winter annual cover crops in a no-till cotton production system provided greater soil moisture conservation during periods of drought, and produced cotton yields and quality comparable to conventional tillage.
Advisors/Committee Members: Abaye, Azenegashe Ozzie (committeechair), Baker, James C. (committee member), Alley, Marcus M. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: cotton; no-till; cover crop; biomass; ground cover; soil moisture; yield; quality
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APA (6th Edition):
Daniel, J. B. I. (1997). Using Winter Annual Cover Crops in a Virginia No-till Cotton Production System. (Masters Thesis). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35681
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Daniel, James B II. “Using Winter Annual Cover Crops in a Virginia No-till Cotton Production System.” 1997. Masters Thesis, Virginia Tech. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35681.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Daniel, James B II. “Using Winter Annual Cover Crops in a Virginia No-till Cotton Production System.” 1997. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Daniel JBI. Using Winter Annual Cover Crops in a Virginia No-till Cotton Production System. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Virginia Tech; 1997. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35681.
Council of Science Editors:
Daniel JBI. Using Winter Annual Cover Crops in a Virginia No-till Cotton Production System. [Masters Thesis]. Virginia Tech; 1997. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35681
Virginia Tech
16.
Allen, Marlo G.
Using decision cases in agriculture: a comparison of a decision case method and a traditional lecture.
Degree: MS, Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences, 1995, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43518
► The most widely used teaching method, lecture, results in students assuming a passive, non-thinking, information-receiving role. Due to the overwhelming use of lecture, teachers…
(more)
▼ The most widely used teaching method, lecture, results in students assuming
a passive, non-thinking, information-receiving role. Due to the overwhelming use
of lecture, teachers face the criticism that today's graduates lack the ability to think.
Proponents claim that the decision case method recently introduced to the
agriculture curriculum, will transform passive learners into active thinkers, problem
solvers, and decision makers. A study was conducted to compare the effects of
decision case and traditional lecture teaching methods on student cognitive
learning and attitudes toward instruction. The study used a 2 x 2 factorial design.
Students were randomly assigned to a teaching method and an instructor. Each
instructor taught identical content using both a decision case and a traditional
lecture method. Following instruction, each student completed a 40-question,
multiple-choice cognitive exam, and a semantic differential attitude scale. Analysis
of covariance techniques were used to test the research hypotheses. In this study,
there were no significant differences in cognitive leaming between students who
received decision case or traditional lecture instruction. However, students
receiving the decision case method had significantly more positive attitudes toward
the instruction.
Advisors/Committee Members: Camp, William G. (committee member), Abaye, Azenegashe Ozzie (committeecochair), McKenna, James R. (committeecochair).
Subjects/Keywords: case study; Teaching methods; retention; LD5655.V855 1995.A453
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APA (6th Edition):
Allen, M. G. (1995). Using decision cases in agriculture: a comparison of a decision case method and a traditional lecture. (Masters Thesis). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43518
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Allen, Marlo G. “Using decision cases in agriculture: a comparison of a decision case method and a traditional lecture.” 1995. Masters Thesis, Virginia Tech. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43518.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Allen, Marlo G. “Using decision cases in agriculture: a comparison of a decision case method and a traditional lecture.” 1995. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Allen MG. Using decision cases in agriculture: a comparison of a decision case method and a traditional lecture. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Virginia Tech; 1995. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43518.
Council of Science Editors:
Allen MG. Using decision cases in agriculture: a comparison of a decision case method and a traditional lecture. [Masters Thesis]. Virginia Tech; 1995. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43518
Virginia Tech
17.
Webb, Darryl Matthew.
Assessing the potential of mixed grazing goats with beef cattle to improve animal performance and increase the utilization of marginal pasturelands in the Appalachian coal region.
Degree: MS, Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences, 2008, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31747
► Reclaimed coal-mined lands in the Appalachian region can be successful established and utilized for beef cattle production. Currently, these areas are underutilized partly due to…
(more)
▼ Reclaimed coal-mined lands in the Appalachian region can be successful established and utilized for beef cattle production. Currently, these areas are underutilized partly due to an increase in invasive plant species, such as multiflora rose (Rosa multiflora Thunb. Ex Murr.), autumn olive (Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb.), and sericea lespedeza (Lespedeza cuneata (Dum.-Cours.) G. Don). The steep topography and low economic returns from beef cattle make conventional control methods inhibitive. Goats are effective browsing on invasive plant species. An experiment was conducted in 2006 and 2007 at the Powell River Research and Education Center near Wise, VA (77° 43' 30" west longitude, 38° 57' 30" north latitude, elevation 155.5 m) to determine the effects of an ungrazed control, cattle alone grazing, and mixed grazing goats with cattle on forage biomass, botanical composition, relative plant abundance, and animal performance. The three treatments included an ungrazed control, cattle grazing alone, and mixed grazing goats with cattle. Experimental design was a randomized complete block design with two replicates for the control and three replicates for the grazed treatments. Three times during the grazing season the following were measured, analyzed or assessed: nutritive values of pasture, autumn olive, multiflora rose, and sericea lespedeza were assessed; forage biomass was determined by clipping four 0.25 m² quadrants per control replicate and eight 0.25 m² quadrants per grazed replicate; botanical composition and relative abundance of plant species was assessed by the Double DAFOR method from five fixed points in each control replicate and ten fixed points in each grazed replicate; animals were weighed; autumn olive shrub height was measured with a clinometer from a distance of 10 m from the shrub. Branch length was measured with a tape measure from the base of the branch to the end tip. Shrub survival was measured by counting shrubs in each replicate and determining visually percent leaf-out. Each year, control and cattle alone treatments had greater (P < 0.05). Generally, grass content increased in the
grazed treatments from spring to fall while weed content increased in the control treatment (P < 0.05). By the end of the two experimental years, the legume components of the pasture were low. This was more evident in the ungrazed control than the grazed treatments. The relative abundance of tall fescue and orchardgrass (P < 0.05) increased in grazed treatments while sericea lespedeza became a dominant weed in the control (P < 0.05). Goats showed high preference for sericea lespedeza and maintain this plant in a leafy, vegetative stage. This leafy, vegetative growth was found to acceptable to cattle. Cattle performance was not affected by treatment (P < 0.05) but total animal output was higher for mixed grazed compared to cattle alone treatments (P < 0.05). The nutritive values of multiflora rose, autumn olive, and sericea lespedeza were higher than pasture in most instances (P < 0.05). In our experiment, autumn…
Advisors/Committee Members: Abaye, Azenegashe Ozzie (committeechair), Scaglia, Guillermo (committee member), Teutsch, Christopher D. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: mixed grazing; goats; reclaimed mined land; autumn olive; sericea lespedeza
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APA (6th Edition):
Webb, D. M. (2008). Assessing the potential of mixed grazing goats with beef cattle to improve animal performance and increase the utilization of marginal pasturelands in the Appalachian coal region. (Masters Thesis). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31747
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Webb, Darryl Matthew. “Assessing the potential of mixed grazing goats with beef cattle to improve animal performance and increase the utilization of marginal pasturelands in the Appalachian coal region.” 2008. Masters Thesis, Virginia Tech. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31747.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Webb, Darryl Matthew. “Assessing the potential of mixed grazing goats with beef cattle to improve animal performance and increase the utilization of marginal pasturelands in the Appalachian coal region.” 2008. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Webb DM. Assessing the potential of mixed grazing goats with beef cattle to improve animal performance and increase the utilization of marginal pasturelands in the Appalachian coal region. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2008. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31747.
Council of Science Editors:
Webb DM. Assessing the potential of mixed grazing goats with beef cattle to improve animal performance and increase the utilization of marginal pasturelands in the Appalachian coal region. [Masters Thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2008. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31747
Virginia Tech
18.
Cachaper, Katherine Faith.
The Effect of Antioxidants on Flaxseed Stability in Yeast Bread.
Degree: MS, Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, 2005, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31624
► The antioxidants BHA, BHT, and ascorbic acid were added to flaxmeal breads to prevent rancidity. Six types of yeast leavened breads were evaluated: control (100%…
(more)
▼ The antioxidants BHA, BHT, and ascorbic acid were added to flaxmeal breads to prevent rancidity. Six types of yeast leavened breads were evaluated: control (100% bread flour), flaxmeal (15%) bread, and flaxmeal (15%) bread that contained 0.01% respectively of BHA, BHT, BHA and BHT, and ascorbic acid. Vital wheat gluten was added in all the flaxmeal breads. Chemical, objective and sensory tests were used to evaluate the breads. The crumb texture of all the experimental breads was significantly softer (p¡à 0.05) than the control breads, but the control breads were significantly moister (p¡à 0.05) than the flaxmeal breads that contained BHA and BHT, separately. No significant differences (p>0.05) were found in loaf volume of the control bread and the experimental breads. The crumb color of the experimental breads was significantly darker (p<0.0001) due to the incorporation of flaxmeal. The acid value of the flaxmeal breads was significantly higher (p¡à 0.05) than the control breads. No significant differences (p>0.05) were found in peroxide values between the control breads and experimental breads after eight weeks. The QDA sensory tests showed that breads containing BHA or in combination with BHT were moister, chewier and had the least noticeable stale taste when compared to the control breads. Ascorbic acid was not as effective as BHA or a combination of BHA and BHT in preventing lipid oxidation, but produced the softest bread. This study showed that flaxmeal breads made with BHA and BHT provided the best protection against lipid oxidation and produced a moist and chewy bread.
Advisors/Committee Members: Conforti, Frank D. (committeechair), Abaye, Azenegashe Ozzie (committee member), Barbeau, William E. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: yeast bread; antioxidants; rancidity; linoleic acid; linolenic acid; flax
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APA (6th Edition):
Cachaper, K. F. (2005). The Effect of Antioxidants on Flaxseed Stability in Yeast Bread. (Masters Thesis). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31624
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Cachaper, Katherine Faith. “The Effect of Antioxidants on Flaxseed Stability in Yeast Bread.” 2005. Masters Thesis, Virginia Tech. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31624.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Cachaper, Katherine Faith. “The Effect of Antioxidants on Flaxseed Stability in Yeast Bread.” 2005. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Cachaper KF. The Effect of Antioxidants on Flaxseed Stability in Yeast Bread. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2005. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31624.
Council of Science Editors:
Cachaper KF. The Effect of Antioxidants on Flaxseed Stability in Yeast Bread. [Masters Thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2005. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31624
Virginia Tech
19.
O'Berry, Nathan Brook.
Individual Experiments to Evaluate the Effects of Plant Population and Planting Date, Cultivar and Plant Growth Regulator Application, and Herbicide and Plant Growth Regulator Application on Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Growth and Development, Yield, and Fiber Quality.
Degree: MS, Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences, 2007, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33882
► Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) growth and development, lint yield, and fiber quality are influenced by many management decisions. Three field experiments examining the interaction of…
(more)
▼ Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) growth and development, lint yield, and fiber quality are influenced by many management decisions. Three field experiments examining the interaction of plant population and planting date, and cultivar or herbicide and plant growth regulator application on these parameters were conducted in
Virginia during 2005 and 2006 and in North Carolina, South Carolina, and Louisiana during specific years.
Experiment I: Plant Population and Planting Date
Lint yields were highest with populations of 8.9 and 12.8 plants m¯² compared to 5.3 plants m¯² in
Virginia and North Carolina, while in Louisiana the highest yields resulted from populations of 5.8 and 9.5 plants m¯² compared to 17.1 plants m¯². Earlier planted (1 May) cotton produced higher yields relative to later planted (21 May) cotton in Louisiana, while yield was not influenced by planting date in
Virginia and North Carolina. The impact of plant population and planting date on cotton appeared to be influenced significantly by heat unit accumulation.
Experiment II: Cultivar and Mepiquat Pentaborate Application
Mepiquat pentaborate (MPB) application consistently decreased plant height, HNR, and enhanced maturity for all cultivars, compared to untreated cotton. A trend of decreasing yield with increasing MPB application in
Virginia was observed. These data suggests that cotton response to MPB application is influenced by cultivar maturity or fruiting interval.
Experiment III: Trifloxysulfuron-sodium and Mepiquat Chloride Application
Trifloxysulfuron-sodium (TFS) did not influence vegetative growth, maturity, or yield in comparison to untreated cotton. Mepiquat chloride (MC) application reduced vegetative growth and enhanced maturity in most years. The results of this experiment demonstrate that TFS application does not have the same effects on plant growth as MC application.
Advisors/Committee Members: Faircloth, Joel C. (committeechair), Abaye, Azenegashe Ozzie (committee member), Herbert, D. Ames Jr. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: mepiquat pentaborate; cultivar; plant population; cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.); planting date; trifloxysulfuron-sodium; mepiquat chloride
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APA (6th Edition):
O'Berry, N. B. (2007). Individual Experiments to Evaluate the Effects of Plant Population and Planting Date, Cultivar and Plant Growth Regulator Application, and Herbicide and Plant Growth Regulator Application on Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Growth and Development, Yield, and Fiber Quality. (Masters Thesis). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33882
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
O'Berry, Nathan Brook. “Individual Experiments to Evaluate the Effects of Plant Population and Planting Date, Cultivar and Plant Growth Regulator Application, and Herbicide and Plant Growth Regulator Application on Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Growth and Development, Yield, and Fiber Quality.” 2007. Masters Thesis, Virginia Tech. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33882.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
O'Berry, Nathan Brook. “Individual Experiments to Evaluate the Effects of Plant Population and Planting Date, Cultivar and Plant Growth Regulator Application, and Herbicide and Plant Growth Regulator Application on Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Growth and Development, Yield, and Fiber Quality.” 2007. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
O'Berry NB. Individual Experiments to Evaluate the Effects of Plant Population and Planting Date, Cultivar and Plant Growth Regulator Application, and Herbicide and Plant Growth Regulator Application on Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Growth and Development, Yield, and Fiber Quality. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2007. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33882.
Council of Science Editors:
O'Berry NB. Individual Experiments to Evaluate the Effects of Plant Population and Planting Date, Cultivar and Plant Growth Regulator Application, and Herbicide and Plant Growth Regulator Application on Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Growth and Development, Yield, and Fiber Quality. [Masters Thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2007. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33882
Virginia Tech
20.
Adcock, Clyde Wesley.
Cotton Yield as Related to Selected Physical and Chemical Properties of Soils of the Coastal Plain of Virginia and North Carolina.
Degree: PhD, Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences, 1998, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29881
► Cotton (Gossipium hiristum, L) is a warm season perennial with indeterminant growth habit. In 1995, 42,500 and 300,000 hectares were grown in Virginia and North…
(more)
▼ Cotton (Gossipium hiristum, L) is a warm season perennial with indeterminant growth habit. In 1995, 42,500 and 300,000 hectares were grown in
Virginia and North Carolina, respectively. Soil physical and chemical properties may limit cotton yields. The objective of this study was to; 1) determine influences of soil physical and chemical properties on yield, 2) validate existing preharvest yield estimators, and 3) determine the effect of subsoiling and/or subsurface liming on cotton development and root growth. Two hundred sites were sampled across the Coastal Plain of
Virginia and North Carolina to a depth of 92 cm representing 5 major soil series. Soil samples were analyzed for selected physical and chemical properties from each horizon. Boll and plant counts were obtained while harvesting a 3-meter length of row at each site to determine yield for the 1996 and 1997 growing season. Cotton was grown in the greenhouse on 30 cm diameter cores of a soil with low subsoil pH and a hard pan to determine the effects of subsoiling and/or subsurface liming. Ninety days after planting, the cotton plants were harvested and the above ground biomass and rootmass were analyzed. Physical and chemical properties explained 52% of yield variability in 1996 and 27% in 1997. Physical and chemical properties that were significant to yield were surface bulk density, available water holding capacity, depth of the water table and Bt horizon, Mg, K, Ca, and Al content. Soil analysis for nutrient status at depths up to 45 cm were better indicators of cotton yield. Subsoiling with or without subsurface liming increased rooting depth over the untreated check. The subsurface liming reached first flower 11 days prior to the other treatments. The additional period for flowering and boll set in
Virginia and North Carolina could increase potential yield.
Advisors/Committee Members: Zelazny, Lucian W. (committee member), Baker, James C. (committee member), Bosch, Darrell J. (committee member), Martens, David C. (committee member), Abaye, Azenegashe Ozzie (committeecochair), Abaye, Azenegashe Ozzie (committeecochair), Alley, Marcus M. (committeecochair).
Subjects/Keywords: rainfall; potassium; magnesium; aluminum; calcium
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APA (6th Edition):
Adcock, C. W. (1998). Cotton Yield as Related to Selected Physical and Chemical Properties of Soils of the Coastal Plain of Virginia and North Carolina. (Doctoral Dissertation). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29881
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Adcock, Clyde Wesley. “Cotton Yield as Related to Selected Physical and Chemical Properties of Soils of the Coastal Plain of Virginia and North Carolina.” 1998. Doctoral Dissertation, Virginia Tech. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29881.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Adcock, Clyde Wesley. “Cotton Yield as Related to Selected Physical and Chemical Properties of Soils of the Coastal Plain of Virginia and North Carolina.” 1998. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Adcock CW. Cotton Yield as Related to Selected Physical and Chemical Properties of Soils of the Coastal Plain of Virginia and North Carolina. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 1998. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29881.
Council of Science Editors:
Adcock CW. Cotton Yield as Related to Selected Physical and Chemical Properties of Soils of the Coastal Plain of Virginia and North Carolina. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Virginia Tech; 1998. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29881
Virginia Tech
21.
Bendfeldt, Eric S.
Dynamics and Characterization of Soil Organic Matter on Mine Soils 16 Years after Amendment with Topsoil, Sawdust, and Sewage Sludge.
Degree: MS, Forestry, 1999, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35805
► The present state and future prospect of the world's soil resources has prompted scientists and researchers to address the issue of soil quality and sustainable…
(more)
▼ The present state and future prospect of the world's soil resources has prompted scientists and researchers to address the issue of soil quality and sustainable land management. Soil quality research has focused on intensively-managed agricultural and forest soils, but the concept and importance of soil quality is also pertinent to disturbed systems such as reclaimed mine soils. The restoration of soil function and mine soil quality is essential to long-term ecosystem stability. The objectives of this study were (i) to determine the comparative ability of topsoil, sawdust, and sewage sludge amendments, after 16 years, to positively affect mine soil quality using the following key soil quality variables: organic matter content, aggregate stability, and mineralizable nitrogen, (ii) to determine the effects of these key soil quality variables on plant productivity, and (iii) to determine the comparative ability of trees and herbaceous plants to persist and to conserve or maintain mine soil quality. In 1982, a mined site was amended with seven different surface treatments: a fertilized control (2:1 sandstone:siltstone), 30 cm of native soil + 7.8 Mg ha-1 lime, 112 Mg ha-1 sawdust, and municipal sewage sludge (SS) at rates of 22, 56, 112, and 224 Mg ha-1. Four replicates of each treatment were installed as a randomized complete block design. Whole plots were split according to vegetation type: pitch x loblolly pine hybrid (Pinus rigida x taeda) trees and Kentucky-31 tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.). Soil analyses of composite samples for 1982, 1987, and 1998 were evaluated for changing levels of mine soil quality. The positive effect of these organic amendments on organic matter content, total nitrogen, and other soil parameters was most apparent and pronounced after 5 growing seasons. However, after 16 years, soil organic matter content and total nitrogen appear to be equilibrating at about 4.3 and 1.5%. There was a significant difference in organic matter content and nitrogen mineralization potential between vegetation types. Organic matter inputs by vegetation alone over the 16-yr period in the control plots resulted in organic matter and nitrogen mineralization potential values comparable to levels in the organically amended plots. The results suggest that about 15 years is needed for climate, moisture availability, and other edaphic features to have the same influence on overall organic matter decomposition, N accretion, organic nitrogen mineralization levels, system equilibrium, and overall mine soil quality as a one-time 100-Mg ha-1 application of organic amendment. Tree volume and biomass were measured as indices of the effects of organic matter content 16 years after initial amendment. Individual tree volumes of the sawdust, 22, 56, and 112 Mg ha -1 SS treatments retained 18 to 26% more volume than the control, respectively. Overall, fescue production was the same among treatments. Organic amendments improved initial soil fertility for fescue establishment, but it appears that they will have little or no…
Advisors/Committee Members: Burger, James A. (committeechair), Daniels, W. Lee (committee member), Abaye, Azenegashe Ozzie (committee member), Feldhake, Charles M. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: amendments; reclamation; soil quality; reforestation
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APA (6th Edition):
Bendfeldt, E. S. (1999). Dynamics and Characterization of Soil Organic Matter on Mine Soils 16 Years after Amendment with Topsoil, Sawdust, and Sewage Sludge. (Masters Thesis). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35805
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Bendfeldt, Eric S. “Dynamics and Characterization of Soil Organic Matter on Mine Soils 16 Years after Amendment with Topsoil, Sawdust, and Sewage Sludge.” 1999. Masters Thesis, Virginia Tech. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35805.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Bendfeldt, Eric S. “Dynamics and Characterization of Soil Organic Matter on Mine Soils 16 Years after Amendment with Topsoil, Sawdust, and Sewage Sludge.” 1999. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Bendfeldt ES. Dynamics and Characterization of Soil Organic Matter on Mine Soils 16 Years after Amendment with Topsoil, Sawdust, and Sewage Sludge. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Virginia Tech; 1999. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35805.
Council of Science Editors:
Bendfeldt ES. Dynamics and Characterization of Soil Organic Matter on Mine Soils 16 Years after Amendment with Topsoil, Sawdust, and Sewage Sludge. [Masters Thesis]. Virginia Tech; 1999. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35805
Virginia Tech
22.
Arriola Apelo, Sebastian I.
Influence of forage characteristics on grazing behavior of weaned steers.
Degree: MS, Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences, 2009, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33311
► For Virginia, the primary forage base is endophyte-infected tall fescue (Schedonorus phoenix (Scop.) Holub). However, the decreased animal performance and disorders caused by the presence…
(more)
▼ For
Virginia, the primary forage base is endophyte-infected tall fescue (Schedonorus phoenix (Scop.) Holub). However, the decreased animal performance and disorders caused by the presence of the fungal endophyte Neotyphodium coenophialum reduces its suitability for many forage-livestock producers. The endophyte, which is found in the inter-cellular space of tall fescue tissues, forms a mutalistic relationship with the plant and helps the fescue tolerate drought, insect predation, and grazing pressure. The production of toxic ergot alkaloids by the endophyte is associated with decreased performance of animals that graze endophyte infected tall fescue. The objective of the current experiment was to determine how tall fescue type (endophyte free vs novel endophyte) and orchardgrass-legume (alfalfa vs clover) mixture affect grazing behavior of weaned steers. Forty-eight weaned steers (218 ± 18 kg) were blocked by frame score (medium and large), and randomly assigned within block to four treatments with three replications in a 2x2 factorial design. Each treatment consisted of 2 paddocks with the combination of tall fescue and legume-orchardgrass mixture as follow: alfalfa-orchardgrass mixture (A)/E-, clover-orchardgrass mixture (C)/E- , A/E++ and C/E++. Each group of 4 steers had 24 h access to both tall fescue stand and legume-orchardgrass mixture. Botanical composition of paddocks was determined on d 0, and forage mass, sward height and nutritive value were determined on d 0, 17 and 33. Behavior of steers was scanned every 5 min on d 24 and 25 from 0700 to 1900. The proportion of legumes was higher (P = 0.001) in A paddocks(37 %) compared to C paddocks (6%), while the percent orchardgrass was lower (P = 0.040) in A (33 %) than C (53 %). The proportion of broadleaf and grassy weeds was higher (P = 0.013) in E- paddocks (11 %) as compared with E++ paddocks (3 %). Sward height and herbage mass were similar between treatments during the experiment (P > 0.05). Nutritive value (CP, NDF and ADF) did not differ between fescue paddocks (P > 0.05). However, within mixed swards, CP was higher and NDF was lower in A compared with C (P < 0.05). Acid detergent fiber was (P < 0.05) lower in A than C only on d 0 and 17. Average daily gain did not differ between treatments (P > 0.05). Steers spent higher (P = 0.002) proportion of the daylight time grazing in treatments with C (56 %) as compared with A (50 %), and in treatments (P = 0.023) with E++ (55 %) compared with E- (52 %). Time spent ruminating, idling and lying, as well as steps taken per day, did not differ between treatments (P > 0.05). Regardless of differences in weeds between E- and E++, these results indicate that fescue type affected grazing behavior of calves. Difference between mixed swards in proportion of ground cover with legumes and orchardgrass, as differences in nutritive value between A and C may have affected grazing behavior of calves between mixed swards, instead of a legume species effect within mixtures.
Advisors/Committee Members: Scaglia, Guillermo (committee member), Swecker, William S. Jr. (committee member), Tracy, Benjamin F. (committeecochair), Abaye, Azenegashe Ozzie (committeecochair).
Subjects/Keywords: grazing behavior; endophyte; tall fescue; clover; alfalfa
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APA (6th Edition):
Arriola Apelo, S. I. (2009). Influence of forage characteristics on grazing behavior of weaned steers. (Masters Thesis). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33311
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Arriola Apelo, Sebastian I. “Influence of forage characteristics on grazing behavior of weaned steers.” 2009. Masters Thesis, Virginia Tech. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33311.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Arriola Apelo, Sebastian I. “Influence of forage characteristics on grazing behavior of weaned steers.” 2009. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Arriola Apelo SI. Influence of forage characteristics on grazing behavior of weaned steers. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2009. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33311.
Council of Science Editors:
Arriola Apelo SI. Influence of forage characteristics on grazing behavior of weaned steers. [Masters Thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2009. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33311
Virginia Tech
23.
Aleshire, Emily Browning.
Forage Systems for the Southeastern United States: Crabgrass and Crabgrass-Lespedeza Mixtures.
Degree: MS, Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences, 2005, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34206
► Crabgrass is a warm-season annual species that has the potential to provide high-quality summer forage for ruminants in the transition zone between subtropical and temperate…
(more)
▼ Crabgrass is a warm-season annual species that has the potential to provide high-quality summer forage for ruminants in the transition zone between subtropical and temperate regions of the United States. Growing annual lespedeza in association with crabgrass may be beneficial due to nitrogen transfer from the legume to the grass. The objectives of the research reported in this thesis were to (1) determine the effects of pH on establishment and growth of crabgrass; and (2) evaluate the effects of lespedeza seeding rate and N fertilization treatment on the yield, botanical composition, and nutritive value of crabgrass-lespedeza mixtures. A greenhouse study was conducted using three soil pH levels of 4.8, 5.5, and 6.3. Crabgrass germination and root and shoot yields were not affected by soil pH values. A field study was conducted to evaluate the influence of six lespedeza seeding rates (0-28 kg ha-1) and two N fertilization treatments (140 kg total N ha-1 or zero N) on crabgrass-annual lespedeza mixtures. In most cases, increasing lespedeza seeding rate increased lespedeza in the sward. However, lespedeza rate had limited effect on yield and nutritive value of the mixture. Nitrogen fertilization increased crabgrass in the sward and total yield by as much as 46%. Responses of nutritive value parameters to N fertilization were variable and appeared linked to weather factors. In vitro true digestibilities ranged from 750 to 875 g kg-1, and were largely unaffected by N fertilization and seeding rate The results of these studies indicate that crabgrass could provide moderate amounts of highly digestible forage while growing on acidic soils commonly found in the southeastern United States. Annual lespedeza may be grown in association with crabgrass, but limited improvement in yield and nutritive value were found for this practice.
Advisors/Committee Members: Teutsch, Christopher D. (committeechair), Alley, Marcus M. (committee member), Abaye, Azenegashe Ozzie (committee member), Thomason, Wade E. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: botanical composition; Digitaria; Kummerowia striata; crabgrass; seeding rate; soil pH; grass-legume mixtures; nitrogen fertilization; Kummerowia stipulacea; annual lespedeza
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APA (6th Edition):
Aleshire, E. B. (2005). Forage Systems for the Southeastern United States: Crabgrass and Crabgrass-Lespedeza Mixtures. (Masters Thesis). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34206
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Aleshire, Emily Browning. “Forage Systems for the Southeastern United States: Crabgrass and Crabgrass-Lespedeza Mixtures.” 2005. Masters Thesis, Virginia Tech. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34206.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Aleshire, Emily Browning. “Forage Systems for the Southeastern United States: Crabgrass and Crabgrass-Lespedeza Mixtures.” 2005. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Aleshire EB. Forage Systems for the Southeastern United States: Crabgrass and Crabgrass-Lespedeza Mixtures. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2005. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34206.
Council of Science Editors:
Aleshire EB. Forage Systems for the Southeastern United States: Crabgrass and Crabgrass-Lespedeza Mixtures. [Masters Thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2005. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34206
Virginia Tech
24.
Guay, Jennifer Fincham.
Compatibility, Yield, and Quality of Matua Prairie Grass, Bromus willdenowii (Kunth), with Legumes.
Degree: MS, Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences, 2003, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/10146
► Matua prairie grass has a potential to extend the grazing season in Virginia due to its higher early spring and fall production. However, little is…
(more)
▼ Matua prairie grass has a potential to extend the grazing season in
Virginia due to its higher early spring and fall production. However, little is known about the compatibility of Matua prairie grass with legumes or the effects of legumes on the yield and quality of Matua prairie grass/legume mixtures. An experiment was conducted in 1998 and 1999 to investigate the botanical composition, yield, and chemical composition of Matua prairie grass grown with legumes. Legume treatments consisting of ladino clover (Trifolium repens), red clover (Trifolium pratense), alfalfa (Medicago sativa), and annual lespedeza (Lespedeza stipulacea) were drilled into a Matua prairie grass stand. Nitrogen was applied once each fall at two treatment levels of 0 or 84 kg/ha. The experiment was arranged in a randomized split block design with four replications. Legume treatments had no effect on percentage Matua prairie grass or total dry matter yield in 1998. However, in 1999 the ladino clover and red clover treatments increased (P<0.05) total dry matter yield, but also resulted in a substantial decrease (P<0.05) in percentage Matua prairie grass. Nitrogen application in the fall of 1998 had a residual effect (P<0.05) on the percentage Matua prairie grass and yield in 1999. The highest response to nitrogen fertilization occurred in the harvest immediately after fertilization, in October of 1999, which resulted in the largest increase (P<0.05) in percentage Matua prairie grass and yield, and the greatest decrease (P<0.05) in percentage legumes. The legume and nitrogen treatments similarly influenced the chemical composition of the Matua prairie grass/legume mixed forage. Ladino clover, red clover, and alfalfa treatments generally improved forage quality as indicated by a decrease (P<0.05) in NDF, ADF, hemicellulose, and cellulose, and an increase (P<0.05) in CP and IVDMD. Nitrogen fertilization did not influence the chemical composition of the forages to the same extent as the legume treatments, as a decrease in fiber components and an increase in CP and IVDMD were observed due to nitrogen. Overall, alfalfa appeared to be most compatible with Matua prairie grass, and the incorporation of alfalfa into a Matua prairie grass stand resulted in some improvements in total dry matter yield and nutritive value of the forage, without the detrimental suppression of Matua prairie grass.
Advisors/Committee Members: Abaye, Azenegashe Ozzie (committeechair), Fontenot, Joseph P. (committee member), Knowlton, Katharine F. (committee member), Peterson, Paul R. (committeecochair).
Subjects/Keywords: Matua; compatibility; botanical composition; quality; yield; legumes; prairie grass
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APA (6th Edition):
Guay, J. F. (2003). Compatibility, Yield, and Quality of Matua Prairie Grass, Bromus willdenowii (Kunth), with Legumes. (Masters Thesis). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/10146
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Guay, Jennifer Fincham. “Compatibility, Yield, and Quality of Matua Prairie Grass, Bromus willdenowii (Kunth), with Legumes.” 2003. Masters Thesis, Virginia Tech. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/10146.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Guay, Jennifer Fincham. “Compatibility, Yield, and Quality of Matua Prairie Grass, Bromus willdenowii (Kunth), with Legumes.” 2003. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Guay JF. Compatibility, Yield, and Quality of Matua Prairie Grass, Bromus willdenowii (Kunth), with Legumes. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2003. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/10146.
Council of Science Editors:
Guay JF. Compatibility, Yield, and Quality of Matua Prairie Grass, Bromus willdenowii (Kunth), with Legumes. [Masters Thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2003. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/10146
Virginia Tech
25.
Wilmoth, Gabriel C.
Tocopherol (vitamin E) content in invasive browse species on underutilized Appalachian farmland.
Degree: MS, Biochemistry and Anaerobic Microbiology, 2002, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/10071
► The tocopherol (Vitamin E) content of forage from three invasive shrub species was measured to assess the value of the shrubs as a source of…
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▼ The tocopherol (Vitamin E) content of forage from three invasive shrub species was measured to assess the value of the shrubs as a source of vitamin E for goats browsing on overgrown Appalachian pastures. Plant leaf clusters were collected from multiflora rose (Rosa multiflora Thunb.), autumn olive (Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb.), and Morrow's honeysuckle (Lonicera morowii Gray) in replicated plots at a site in southern West
Virginia during the 1999 growing season. Alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol were extracted with hexane, separated by high performance liquid chromatography on a normal-phase diol column, and quantified. Significant differences (P<0.001) in concentration were found among species for all forms of tocopherol. Alpha-tocopherol predominated, accounting for more than 90% of the total tocopherols in all three species. Alpha-tocopherol levels increased in all species with maturity; however, the magnitude of the increase was not the same in all species. At the end of the growing season, autumn olive had the highest levels of alpha-tocopherol (1270 ± 55 ppm dry matter [DM]), followed by Morrow's honeysuckle (840 ± 55 ppm DM), and multiflora rose (610 ± 55 ppm DM). Goats grazing on mature browse may obtain adequate intake of vitamin E. High nutritive value and/or low concentrations of antiquality factors may not coincide with the high levels of vitamin E found in mature tissue, and the actual vitamin E intake will depend on the feeding behavior of the goat.
Advisors/Committee Members: Hess, John L. (committeechair), Abaye, Azenegashe Ozzie (committee member), Gregory, Eugene M. (committee member), Foster, Joyce G. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: tocopherol; Lonicera morowii; goats; autumn olive; bush honeysuckle; Rosa multiflora; Elaeagnus umbellata; multiflora rose; invasive plants; vitamin E
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APA (6th Edition):
Wilmoth, G. C. (2002). Tocopherol (vitamin E) content in invasive browse species on underutilized Appalachian farmland. (Masters Thesis). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/10071
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Wilmoth, Gabriel C. “Tocopherol (vitamin E) content in invasive browse species on underutilized Appalachian farmland.” 2002. Masters Thesis, Virginia Tech. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/10071.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Wilmoth, Gabriel C. “Tocopherol (vitamin E) content in invasive browse species on underutilized Appalachian farmland.” 2002. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Wilmoth GC. Tocopherol (vitamin E) content in invasive browse species on underutilized Appalachian farmland. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2002. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/10071.
Council of Science Editors:
Wilmoth GC. Tocopherol (vitamin E) content in invasive browse species on underutilized Appalachian farmland. [Masters Thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2002. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/10071
Virginia Tech
26.
Grafe, Markus.
Arsenic Adsorption on Iron Oxides in the Presence of Soluble Organic Carbon and the Influence of Arsenic on Radish and Lettuce Development.
Degree: MS, Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences, 2000, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30850
► Chapter 2: Germination and Growth of Radish (Raphanus sativus) and Lettuce (Lactuca sativus) Exposed to Arsenite and Arsenate in Hydroponic Growth Solution Little information is…
(more)
▼ Chapter 2:
Germination and Growth of Radish (Raphanus sativus) and Lettuce (Lactuca sativus) Exposed to Arsenite and Arsenate in Hydroponic Growth Solution
Little information is available on the survival, uptake, and dry mass production
of vegetable seedlings and maturing plants in arsenic enriched environments. Such information is however very important to many vegetable growers in areas of subsistent agricultural like Bangladesh or home-gardeners in closer proximity of As sources such as metal smelters.
Accordingly we conducted research investigating (i) the germination and radical formation of radish and lettuce seeds at varying As (V) and As (III) concentrations and (ii) radish and lettuce plants in solution culture. Seed germination studies demonstrated that 0.1mM and 0.025mM are toxic threshold levels of As (III and V) for radishes and lettuce, respectively, while As (V) is more toxic to radish seeds than As (III). Arsenic (III and V) impacted both germination and radical development in radish seeds. For lettuce we observed that As had no impact on germination but reduced radical length significantly (p < 0.01). At most equimolar concentrations, As (III) was more toxic than As (V) in lettuce seeds (0.025 - 0.10mM As), a result contrary to those obtained in radish seeds (0.05 - 0.5mM As). The hydroponic growth studies showed that losses and increases in dry weight are a function of absorbed As and are dependent on the source of As: As (V) or As (III). Moreover, the effect of absorbed As (V) or As (III) on dry weight reductions and increases differed between root and shoot portions of the plants and are crop dependent. Tissue-As (originally solution As (V)) was more toxic at the radish root level and tissue-As (originally solution As (III)) was more toxic at the radish shoot level. Conversely for lettuce, As (III) caused reductions in dry weight, while As (V) had a stimulating effect on biomass production. Lower As (V) concentrations in plant tissue throughout the lettuce study and at low As (V) concentrations (0.02mM) in the radish study may be explained by the molar ratio of P:As of approximately 5. From a food nutrition safety standpoint, studies need to concentrate on sub-lethal levels in order to ensure the proper formation of the harvestable portion of the plant.
Chapter 3:
Adsorption of Arsenate (V) and Arsenite (III) on Goethite in the Presence and Absence of Soluble Organic Carbon
The environmental fate of arsenic is of utmost importance as the U.S. EPA has recently proposed to tighten the arsenic drinking water standard from 50 ppb to 5 ppb. In natural systems the presence of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) may compete with As for adsorption to mineral surfaces, hence increasing its potential bioavailability. Accordingly, the adsorption of arsenate As (V) and As (III) on goethite (a-FeOOH) was investigated in the presence of either a peat humic acid (Hap), a Suwannee River Fulvic Acid (FA) (IHSS) or citric acid (CA). Adsorption edges and kinetic experiments were used to examine the effects of…
Advisors/Committee Members: Eick, Matthew J. (committeechair), Berry, Duane F. (committee member), Zelazny, Lucian W. (committee member), Abaye, Azenegashe Ozzie (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: As (V); As (III); competition; fulvic acid; humic acid; amorphous; citric acid
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APA (6th Edition):
Grafe, M. (2000). Arsenic Adsorption on Iron Oxides in the Presence of Soluble Organic Carbon and the Influence of Arsenic on Radish and Lettuce Development. (Masters Thesis). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30850
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Grafe, Markus. “Arsenic Adsorption on Iron Oxides in the Presence of Soluble Organic Carbon and the Influence of Arsenic on Radish and Lettuce Development.” 2000. Masters Thesis, Virginia Tech. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30850.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Grafe, Markus. “Arsenic Adsorption on Iron Oxides in the Presence of Soluble Organic Carbon and the Influence of Arsenic on Radish and Lettuce Development.” 2000. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Grafe M. Arsenic Adsorption on Iron Oxides in the Presence of Soluble Organic Carbon and the Influence of Arsenic on Radish and Lettuce Development. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2000. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30850.
Council of Science Editors:
Grafe M. Arsenic Adsorption on Iron Oxides in the Presence of Soluble Organic Carbon and the Influence of Arsenic on Radish and Lettuce Development. [Masters Thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2000. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30850
Virginia Tech
27.
Mundie, Benjamin Scott.
Nutritional Value of Warm- and Cool-Season Grasses for Ruminants.
Degree: MS, Animal and Poultry Sciences, 1999, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42804
► A metabolism trial was conducted to compare the nutritional value of: 1)â Quickstandâ bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.], 2)caucasian bluestem [Bothriochloa caucasia (Trin.) C.E. Hubb],…
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▼ A metabolism trial was conducted to compare the nutritional value of: 1)â Quickstandâ bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.], 2)caucasian bluestem [Bothriochloa caucasia (Trin.) C.E. Hubb], 3)tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), and 4)orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.). The warm-season grasses (bermudagrass and bluestem) were higher (P < .01) in fiber components than the cool-season grasses (tall fescue and orchardgrass). Bluestem was lower (P < .001) in CP, hemicellulose, and ash, and higher in NDF (P < .001), ADF (P < .001), cellulose (P < .001), and lignin (P < .01) than bermudagrass. The warm-season grasses were lower in the apparent digestibility of DM (P < .001), NDF (P < .01), ADF (P < .05), cellulose (P < .05), and hemicellulose (P < .01) than cool-season grasses. Apparent digestibility of NDF (P < .001), ADF (P < .001), cellulose (P < .01), and hemicellulose (P < .01) was higher for bluestem than bermudagrass. Fescue was higher (P < .001) in apparent digestibility of DM and CP and lower (P < .01) in apparent digestibility of NDF, ADF, cellulose, and hemicellulose than orchardgrass. Lambs fed bluestem had lower (P < .05) N retention than those fed bermudagrass, when expressed as g/d. Lambs fed fescue had higher (P < .001) N retention, than those fed orchardgrass. When expressed as a percent of intake or absorption, N retention values were similar among treatments. The results of this study suggest that cool-season grasses are of higher nutritional value than warm-season grasses.
Advisors/Committee Members: Fontenot, Joseph P. (committeechair), Abaye, Azenegashe Ozzie (committee member), Peterson, Paul R. (committee member), Hall, John B. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: Orchardgrass; Digestibility; Tall Fescue; Caucasian Bluestem; Bermudagrass; Ruminants
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APA (6th Edition):
Mundie, B. S. (1999). Nutritional Value of Warm- and Cool-Season Grasses for Ruminants. (Masters Thesis). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42804
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Mundie, Benjamin Scott. “Nutritional Value of Warm- and Cool-Season Grasses for Ruminants.” 1999. Masters Thesis, Virginia Tech. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42804.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Mundie, Benjamin Scott. “Nutritional Value of Warm- and Cool-Season Grasses for Ruminants.” 1999. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Mundie BS. Nutritional Value of Warm- and Cool-Season Grasses for Ruminants. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Virginia Tech; 1999. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42804.
Council of Science Editors:
Mundie BS. Nutritional Value of Warm- and Cool-Season Grasses for Ruminants. [Masters Thesis]. Virginia Tech; 1999. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42804
Virginia Tech
28.
Barlow, Rebecca Louise.
Yield, Quality, and Botanical Composition of AUtumn-Accumulated Grass-Legume Mixtures and Digestibility of Ensiled Autumn-Accumulated Orchardgrass and Alfalfa.
Degree: MS, Animal and Poultry Sciences, 2003, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/9841
► Beef cattle producers in the southeastern US often stockpile forage in late summer to extend the grazing season and reduce feeding costs. Three stockpiled grass-legume…
(more)
▼ Beef cattle producers in the southeastern US often stockpile forage in late summer to extend the grazing season and reduce feeding costs. Three stockpiled grass-legume mixtures were evaluated for winter grazing. In addition, stockpiled forages were ensiled and evaluated as livestock feed. Four accumulation dates and seven harvest dates were randomized to small plots of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) -red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) -red clover, and orchardgrass-alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). The amount of grass and legume in the fescue-red clover mixture shifted from less than 30% grass and more than 60% legume in October to over 60% grass and less than 10% legume in April. All forage mixtures contained at least 15% CP from November to March. Fescue-red clover was higher in TNC and lower in NDF, ADF and cellulose in January and March than the orchardgrass-legume mixtures. Fescue-red clover was higher in yield than the orchardgrass-legume mixtures from November to February. Delaying stockpiling until September 1 or 15 increased (P <.05) legume content and decreased dead grass content in orchardgrass-clover and orchardgrass-alfalfa. Accumulating growth from September 15 increased percent CP in fescue-red clover and orchardgrass-clover, compared to August 15, and decreased percent NDF in all forage mixtures. Percent IVDMD increased in orchardgrass-clover when stockpiling was delayed until September 15. May yields decreased only in orchardgrass-alfalfa when stockpiling was delayed until September. Orchardgrass stockpiled on August 3 and September 3, and alfalfa stockpiled on September 3 were ensiled alone. Chemical composition of silages was determined after 90 d of fermentation. Silages averaged 16.0% CP and 44.7% NDF. Digestibility of the ensiled stockpiled forages was estimated using acid insoluble ash as a marker with 18 wether lambs. No differences were observed in DM or CP digestibility, but NDF digestibility was lower for alfalfa silage than for orchardgrass silages. All stockpiled grass-legume mixtures provided high quality winter grazing, and all silages were of good quality and digestibility. Fescue-red clover maintained both good quality and higher yield than the other mixtures. Ensiling stockpiled alfalfa and orchard grass provided a method of maintaining CP and digestibility for subsequent feeding.
Advisors/Committee Members: Allen, Vivien G. (committee member), Abaye, Azenegashe Ozzie (committee member), Fontenot, Joseph P. (committeecochair), Smith, S. Raymond (committeecochair).
Subjects/Keywords: winter grazing; forage quality; grass silage
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APA (6th Edition):
Barlow, R. L. (2003). Yield, Quality, and Botanical Composition of AUtumn-Accumulated Grass-Legume Mixtures and Digestibility of Ensiled Autumn-Accumulated Orchardgrass and Alfalfa. (Masters Thesis). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/9841
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Barlow, Rebecca Louise. “Yield, Quality, and Botanical Composition of AUtumn-Accumulated Grass-Legume Mixtures and Digestibility of Ensiled Autumn-Accumulated Orchardgrass and Alfalfa.” 2003. Masters Thesis, Virginia Tech. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/9841.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Barlow, Rebecca Louise. “Yield, Quality, and Botanical Composition of AUtumn-Accumulated Grass-Legume Mixtures and Digestibility of Ensiled Autumn-Accumulated Orchardgrass and Alfalfa.” 2003. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Barlow RL. Yield, Quality, and Botanical Composition of AUtumn-Accumulated Grass-Legume Mixtures and Digestibility of Ensiled Autumn-Accumulated Orchardgrass and Alfalfa. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2003. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/9841.
Council of Science Editors:
Barlow RL. Yield, Quality, and Botanical Composition of AUtumn-Accumulated Grass-Legume Mixtures and Digestibility of Ensiled Autumn-Accumulated Orchardgrass and Alfalfa. [Masters Thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2003. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/9841
Virginia Tech
29.
Pitman, Virginia Leigh.
Compensation of Cotton to Square Removal at Various Rates.
Degree: MS, Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences, 2000, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35249
► Fruit abscission is a natural occurrence in cotton. Fruiting retention is very important since yields are highly correlated with number of bolls produced. There are…
(more)
▼ Fruit abscission is a natural occurrence in cotton. Fruiting retention is very important since yields are highly correlated with number of bolls produced. There are many factors contributing to the abscission of squares by cotton, including environmental conditions, heavy boll load, diseases, and insect feeding. An experiment was designed to evaluate the compensation capacity of cotton at various levels of square removal using two cotton cultivars at two planting dates over two
Virginia locations; the effect of mechanical square removal on cotton yield components and quality; and to evaluate the use and effectiveness of COTMAN in tracking major phenological stages PHS, FF, and Cutout of cotton at various rates of square removal. In 1998, DPL 51 was planted on May first at the Tidewater Agricultural Research and Extension Center in Suffolk,
Virginia. This was an ideal location, planting date, and variety, so in 1999, the experiment was expanded to ascertain whether cotton would have the same compensation capacity in less ideal conditions. In 1999, two varieties were planted, DPL 51 (early maturing) and DPL 5111 (late maturing), on two planting dates (two weeks apart), and in a location outside the traditional cotton growing region, the Southern Piedmont AREC in Blackstone,
Virginia. Five levels of manual desquaring treatments (0%, 12-15%, 20-25%, and 30-40% of first position squares, and 20% of small bolls [Suffolk, 1999 only]) were used in both years. The physiological progress of the crop was monitored using the COTMAN cotton monitoring system and compared to the Target Development Curve (TDC). Over both years, there were no significant differences in boll numbers or yield among any of the square removal treatments. Comparison of fruiting curves with the TDC showed that in both 1998 and 1999, the influence of square removal in excess of 30-40% resulted in a lower apogee and premature cut-out. Also, though not statistically significant, yield was greatly reduced at the 30-40% square removal rate, often by as much as 448 kg/ha. In many cases, a lower level of square removal (varying between the 12-15% and the 20-25% rates) seemed to stimulate the growth and development of the crop. It may also contribute to a higher level of square retention. The results of this study suggest that cotton plants will compensate for up to 30% of first position square loss, with no reduction in yields.
Advisors/Committee Members: Abaye, Azenegashe Ozzie (committeechair), Orcutt, David M. (committee member), Oosterhuis, Derrick M. (committee member), Herbert, D. Ames Jr. (committeecochair).
Subjects/Keywords: plant bugs; square removal; shed rate; fruit loss; abscission; cotton compensation
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APA (6th Edition):
Pitman, V. L. (2000). Compensation of Cotton to Square Removal at Various Rates. (Masters Thesis). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35249
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Pitman, Virginia Leigh. “Compensation of Cotton to Square Removal at Various Rates.” 2000. Masters Thesis, Virginia Tech. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35249.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Pitman, Virginia Leigh. “Compensation of Cotton to Square Removal at Various Rates.” 2000. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Pitman VL. Compensation of Cotton to Square Removal at Various Rates. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2000. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35249.
Council of Science Editors:
Pitman VL. Compensation of Cotton to Square Removal at Various Rates. [Masters Thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2000. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35249
Virginia Tech
30.
Rotz, Jonathan Daniel.
Comparison of techniques for estimating pasture herbage mass and productive ground cover for Lakota prairie grass, Kentucky 31 endophyte free tall fescue, Kentucky 31 endophyte infected tall fescue and Quantum 542 tall fescue grazed by stocker steers.
Degree: MS, Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences, 2006, Virginia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42188
► In terms of acreage, forage is the number one crop in Virginia. The backbone of these forages has long been tall fescue (Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.)…
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▼ In terms of acreage, forage is the number one crop in
Virginia. The backbone of these forages has long been tall fescue (Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) S.J. Darbyshire). Knowledge of the plant species that make up a pasture and the relative amounts of each species present is important for interpreting potential animal performance. It is also important to know the relative amounts and types of weeds present and to monitor for the presence of poisonous plants or noxious weeds. An experiment was conducted in 2003 through 2005 to investigate botanical composition and yield of â Lakotaâ prairie grass (Bromus catharticus Vahl.), â Kentucky 31â endophyte-infected (KY31 E+), endophyte-free (KY31 E-), and â Quantumâ tall fescue (non toxic endophyte infected) under grazing by stocker steers. Forage botanical composition and yield were determined by clipping three 0.25-m2 areas per treatment replicate. Prior to harvesting, the canopy height within each quadrate was measured with a disc meter. In 2005, productive ground cover was assessed using visual evaluation techniques, point quadrat method, and digital imagery quantified with terrestrial remote sensing. Forages were established September 2002 and grazing was initiated in July of 2003. Experimental design was a randomized complete block with four replications. Averaged over the three years the yield of KY31E+ was higher (p<0.05) than all other treatments. Lakota prairie grass had lower (p<0.05) yields than both KY31 E+ and Quantum tall fescue, however no yields did not differ between Lakota prairie grass and KY31 E-. Our results showed a typical forage distribution curve for all the treatments. Early spring, summer, and fall productivity of Lakota prairie grass was less than all the fescues, thus did not extend the grazing season. Forage persistence was greatest for KY31 E+ and Quantum and lowest for Lakota when averaged over all years. Among sampling methods for ground cover, terrestrial remote sensing was the most accurate, compared with visual evaluation and point quadrat methods. For estimates of all yield indirect methods of assessment had high errors; however the plate meter calibrated by sward density seemed the least variable of the methods tested.
Advisors/Committee Members: Fontenot, Joseph P. (committee member), Rayburn, Edward B. (committee member), Abaye, Azenegashe Ozzie (committeecochair), Fike, John Herschel (committeecochair).
Subjects/Keywords: pasture sampling methods; remote sensing; plate meter; capacitance meter; sward height; prairie grass; tall fescue
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APA (6th Edition):
Rotz, J. D. (2006). Comparison of techniques for estimating pasture herbage mass and productive ground cover for Lakota prairie grass, Kentucky 31 endophyte free tall fescue, Kentucky 31 endophyte infected tall fescue and Quantum 542 tall fescue grazed by stocker steers. (Masters Thesis). Virginia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42188
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Rotz, Jonathan Daniel. “Comparison of techniques for estimating pasture herbage mass and productive ground cover for Lakota prairie grass, Kentucky 31 endophyte free tall fescue, Kentucky 31 endophyte infected tall fescue and Quantum 542 tall fescue grazed by stocker steers.” 2006. Masters Thesis, Virginia Tech. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42188.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Rotz, Jonathan Daniel. “Comparison of techniques for estimating pasture herbage mass and productive ground cover for Lakota prairie grass, Kentucky 31 endophyte free tall fescue, Kentucky 31 endophyte infected tall fescue and Quantum 542 tall fescue grazed by stocker steers.” 2006. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Rotz JD. Comparison of techniques for estimating pasture herbage mass and productive ground cover for Lakota prairie grass, Kentucky 31 endophyte free tall fescue, Kentucky 31 endophyte infected tall fescue and Quantum 542 tall fescue grazed by stocker steers. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2006. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42188.
Council of Science Editors:
Rotz JD. Comparison of techniques for estimating pasture herbage mass and productive ground cover for Lakota prairie grass, Kentucky 31 endophyte free tall fescue, Kentucky 31 endophyte infected tall fescue and Quantum 542 tall fescue grazed by stocker steers. [Masters Thesis]. Virginia Tech; 2006. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42188
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